LT1037

LT1007/LT1037 Low Noise, High Speed Precision Operational Amplifiers FEATURES s s s s s s s s s DESCRIPTIO Guaranteed 4.5nV/√Hz 10Hz Noise Guaranteed 3.8nV/√Hz 1kHz Noise 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise, 60nVP-P Typical Guaranteed 7 Million Min Voltage Gain, RL = 2k Guaranteed 3 Million Min Voltage Gain, RL = 600Ω Guaranteed 25µV Max Offset Voltage Guaranteed 0.6µV/°C Max Drift with Temperature Guaranteed 11V/µs Min Slew Rate (LT1037) Guaranteed 117dB Min CMRR APPLICATIO S s s s s s s s Low Noise Signal Processing Microvolt Accuracy Threshold Detection Strain Gauge Amplifiers Direct Coupled Audio Gain Stages Sine Wave Generators Tape Head Preamplifiers Microphone Preamplifiers , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. The LT ®1007/LT1037 series features the lowest noise performance available to date for monolithic operational amplifiers: 2.5nV/√Hz wideband noise (less than the noise of a 400Ω resistor), 1/f corner frequency of 2Hz and 60nV peakto-peak 0.1Hz to 10Hz noise. Low noise is combined with outstanding precision and speed specifications: 10µV offset voltage, 0.2µV/°C drift, 130dB common mode and power supply rejection, and 60MHz gain bandwidth product on the decompensated LT1037, which is stable for closed-loop gains of 5 or greater. The voltage gain of the LT1007/LT1037 is an extremely high 20 million driving a 2kΩ load and 12 million driving a 600Ω load to ±10V. In the design, processing and testing of the device, particular attention has been paid to the optimization of the entire distribution of several key parameters. Consequently, the specifications of even the lowest cost grades (the LT1007C and the LT1037C) have been spectacularly improved compared to equivalent grades of competing amplifiers. The sine wave generator application shown below utilizes the low noise and low distortion characteristics of the LT1037. TYPICAL APPLICATIO 430Ω Ultrapure 1kHz Sine Wave Generator LT1037 6 OUTPUT C 1 2πRC R = 1591.5Ω ± 0.1% C = 0.1µF ± 0.1% f= #327 LAMP C R TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION = < 0.0025% NOISE = < 0.0001% AMPLITUDE = ± 8V OUTPUT FREQUENCY = 1.000kHz FOR VALUES GIVEN ± 0.4% 1007/37 TA01 + 3 R VOLTAGE NOISE (20nV/DIV) – 2 0 U 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise 2 4 6 TIME (SEC) 8 10 1007/37 TA02 U U sn100737 100737fbs 1 LT1007/LT1037 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Supply Voltage ...................................................... ± 22V Input Voltage ............................ Equal to Supply Voltage Output Short-Circuit Duration .......................... Indefinite Differential Input Current (Note 9) ..................... ± 25mA Storage Temperature Range ................. – 65°C to 150°C PACKAGE/ORDER INFORMATION TOP VIEW VOS TRIM 1 –IN 2 +IN 3 V– 4 VOS 8 TRIM VOS TRIM 1 –IN 2 +IN 3 7 6 5 NC 5 NC 4 V– 4 N8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PDIP TJMAX = 100°C, θJA = 130°C/ W (N8) V – (CASE) H PACKAGE 8-LEAD TO-5 METAL CAN TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 150°C/ W, θJC = 45°C/ W S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC SO TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 190°C/ W ORDER PART NUMBER LT1007ACN8 LT1007CN8 LT1007IN8 LT1037ACN8 LT1037CN8 LT1037IN8 ORDER PART NUMBER ORDER PART NUMBER LT1007CS8 LT1007IS8 LT1037CS8 LT1037IS8 J8 PACKAGE LEAD CERDIP TJMAX = 150°C, θJA = 100°C/ W (J8) S8 PART MARKING LT1007ACH LT1007AMH LT1007CH LT1007MH LT1037ACH LT1037AMH LT1037CH LT1037MH 1007 1007I 1037 1037I LT1007ACJ8 LT1007AMJ8 LT1007CJ8 LT1007MJ8 LT1037ACJ8 LT1037AMJ8 LT1037CJ8 LT1037MJ8 OBSOLETE PACKAGE Consider the N8 Package for Alternate Source OBSOLETE PACKAGE Consider the N8 or S8 Package for Alternate Source Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL VOS ∆VOS ∆Time IOS IB en PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Long Term Input Offset Voltage Stability Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Noise Voltage Input Noise Voltage Density in Input Noise Current Density CONDITIONS (Note 2) (Notes 3, 4) VS = ±15V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. LT1007AC/AM LT1037AC/AM MIN TYP MAX 10 0.2 7 ± 10 25 1.0 30 ± 35 0.13 4.5 3.8 4.0 0.6 LT1007C/I/M LT1037C/I/M MIN TYP MAX 20 0.2 12 ± 15 0.06 2.8 2.5 1.5 0.4 60 1.0 50 ± 55 0.13 4.5 3.8 4.0 0.6 0.1Hz to 10Hz (Notes 4, 6) fO = 10Hz (Notes 4, 5) fO = 1000Hz (Note 4) fO = 10Hz (Notes 4, 7) fO = 1000Hz (Notes 4, 7) 0.06 2.8 2.5 1.5 0.4 2 + OUT 6 OUT +IN 3 – – + V+ U U W WW U W (Note 1) Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec.)................. 300°C Operating Temperature Range LT1007/LT1037AC, C ............................. 0°C to 70°C LT1007/LT1037I ............................... – 40°C to 85°C LT1007/LT1037AM, M (OBSOLETE) – 55°C to 125°C TOP VIEW VOS TRIM 8 7 V+ VOS 1 TRIM –IN 2 TOP VIEW 8 VOS TRIM – + 7 V+ 6 OUT 5 NC UNITS µV µV/Mo nA nA µVP-P nV/√Hz nV/√Hz pA/√Hz pA/√Hz sn100737 100737fbs LT1007/LT1037 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL PARAMETER Input Resistance, Common Mode Input Voltage Range CMRR PSRR AVOL Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain VCM = ± 11V CONDITIONS VS = ± 15V, TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted. LT1007AC/AM LT1037AC/AM MIN TYP MAX 7 ± 11.0 117 110 7.0 5.0 3.0 ± 13.0 ± 11.0 1.7 11 5.0 45 ± 12.5 130 130 20.0 16.0 12.0 ± 13.8 ± 12.5 2.5 15 8.0 60 70 80 80 120 130 ± 11.0 110 106 5.0 3.5 2.0 ± 12.5 ± 10.5 1.7 11 5.0 45 LT1007C/I/M LT1037C/I/M MIN TYP MAX 5 ± 12.5 126 126 20.0 16.0 12.0 ± 13.5 ± 12.5 2.5 15 8.0 60 70 80 85 140 140 UNITS GΩ V dB dB V/µV V/µV V/µV V V V/µs V/µs MHz MHz Ω mW mW VS = ± 4V to ± 18V RL ≥ 2k, VO = ± 12V RL ≥ 1k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 600Ω, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 2k RL ≥ 600Ω RL ≥ 2k AVCL ≥ 5 fO = 100kHz (Note 8) fO = 10kHz (Note 8) (AVCL ≥ 5) VO = 0V, IO = 0 VOUT SR GBW ZO PD Maximum Output Voltage Swing Slew Rate Gain Bandwidth Product Power Dissipation LT1007 LT1037 LT1007 LT1037 LT1007 LT1037 Open-Loop Output Resistance The q denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, VS = ± 15V, unless otherwise noted. LT1007AC LT1037AC MIN TYP MAX q q q q q SYMBOL VOS ∆VOS ∆Temp IOS IB CMRR PSRR AVOL VOUT PD PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Average Input Offset Drift Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Voltage Range Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain Maximum Output Voltage Swing Power Dissipation CONDITIONS (Note 2) (Note 10) LT1007C LT1037C MIN TYP MAX 35 0.3 15 ± 20 ± 10.5 106 102 2.5 2.0 ± 12.0 ± 11.8 120 120 18.0 14.0 ± 13.6 90 160 110 1.0 70 ± 75 UNITS µV µV/°C nA nA V dB dB V/µV V/µV V mW 20 0.2 10 ± 14 ± 10.5 114 106 4.0 2.5 ± 12.5 ± 11.8 126 126 18.0 14.0 ± 13.6 90 50 0.6 40 ± 45 VCM = ± 10.5V VS = ± 4.5V to ± 18V RL ≥ 2k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 1k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 2k q q q q q q 144 sn100737 100737fbs 3 LT1007/LT1037 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS The q denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range – 40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, VS = ± 15V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL VOS ∆VOS ∆Temp IOS IB CMRR PSRR AVOL VOUT PD PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Average Input Offset Drift Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Voltage Range Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain Maximum Output Voltage Swing Power Dissipation VCM = ± 10.5V VS = ± 4.5V to ± 18V RL ≥ 2k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 1k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 2k CONDITIONS (Note 2) (Note 10) q q q q q q q q q q q LT1007I/LT1037I MIN TYP MAX 40 0.3 20 ± 25 ± 10 105 101 2.0 1.5 ± 12.0 ± 11.7 120 120 15.0 12.0 ± 13.6 95 165 125 1.0 80 ± 90 UNITS µV µV/°C nA nA V dB dB V/µV V/µV V mW The q denotes the specifications which apply over the temperature range – 55°C ≤ TA ≤ 125°C, VS = ± 15V, unless otherwise noted. SYMBOL VOS ∆VOS ∆Temp IOS IB CMRR PSRR AVOL VOUT PD PARAMETER Input Offset Voltage Average Input Offset Drift Input Offset Current Input Bias Current Input Voltage Range Common Mode Rejection Ratio Power Supply Rejection Ratio Large-Signal Voltage Gain Maximum Output Voltage Swing Power Dissipation VCM = ± 10.3V VS = ± 4.5V to ± 18V RL ≥ 2k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 1k, VO = ± 10V RL ≥ 2k CONDITIONS (Note 2) (Note 10) q q q q q q q q q q q LT1007AM/LT1037AM MIN TYP MAX 25 0.2 15 ± 20 ± 10.3 112 104 3.0 2.0 ± 12.5 ± 11.5 126 126 14.0 10.0 ± 13.5 100 150 60 0.6 50 ± 60 LT1007M/LT1037M MIN TYP MAX 50 0.3 20 ± 35 ± 10.3 104 100 2.0 1.5 ± 12.0 ± 11.5 120 120 14.0 10.0 ± 13.5 100 170 160 1.0 85 ± 95 UNITS µV µV/ °C nA nA V dB dB V/µV V/µV V mW For MIL-STD components, please refer to LTC 883C data sheet for test listing and parameters. Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: Input Offset Voltage measurements are performed by automatic test equipment approximately 0.5 seconds after application of power. AM and AC grades are guaranteed fully warmed up. Note 3: Long Term Input Offset Voltage Stability refers to the average trend line of Offset Voltage vs Time over extended periods after the first 30 days of operation. Excluding the initial hour of operation, changes in VOS during the first 30 days are typically 2.5µV. Refer to typical performance curve. Note 4: This parameter is tested on a sample basis only. Note 5: 10Hz noise voltage density is sample tested on every lot. Devices 100% tested at 10Hz are available on request. Note 6: See the test circuit and frequency response curve for 0.1Hz to 10Hz tester in the Applications Information section. Note 7: See the test circuit for current noise measurement in the Applications Information section. Note 8: This parameter is guaranteed by design and is not tested. Note 9: The inputs are protected by back-to-back diodes. Current limiting resistors are not used in order to achieve low noise. If differential input voltage exceeds ± 0.7V, the input current should be limited to 25mA. Note 10: The Average Input Offset Drift performance is within the specifications unnulled or when nulled with a pot having a range of 8kΩ to 20kΩ. sn100737 100737fbs 4 LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS 10Hz Voltage Noise Distribution 140 120 NUMBER OF UNITS 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 1 789 456 23 VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) 10 100 RMS VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 497 UNITS MEASURED FROM SIX RUNS 0.01Hz to 1Hz Peak-to-Peak Noise 1000 R SOURCE RESISTANCE = 2R RMS VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) TOTAL NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) VOLTAGE NOISE (20nV/DIV) 0 20 40 60 TIME (SEC) Current Noise vs Frequency 10 10 RMS VOLTAGE NOISE DENSITY (nV/√Hz) RMS NOISE DENSITY (pA/√Hz) 3 MAXIMUM 1 RMS VOLTAGE NOISE (µV) 0.3 1/f CORNER = 120Hz TYPICAL 0.1 10 100 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 10k 1007/37 G07 UW 1007/37 G01 Voltage Noise vs Frequency VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 30 0.02Hz to 10Hz RMS Noise. Gain = 50,000 (Measured on HP3582 Spectrum Analyzer) 10 MAXIMUM 3 1/f CORNER = 2Hz 1 0.1 1 TYPICAL 10 100 FREQUENCY (Hz) 1000 1007/37 G02 MARKER AT 2Hz ( = 1/f CORNER) = 179µV/√Hz nV = 3.59 50,000 √Hz 1007/37 G03 Total Noise vs Source Resistance 5 R Voltage Noise vs Temperature VS = ± 15V 4 AT 10Hz 3 AT 1kHz 2 VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 100 AT 1kHz AT 10Hz 10 RESISTOR NOISE ONLY 1 0.1 1 10 SOURCE RESISTANCE (kΩ) 100 1007/37 G05 1 80 100 1007/37 G04 0 –50 –25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1007/37 G06 Wideband Voltage Noise (0.1Hz to Frequency Indicated) 5 Voltage Noise vs Supply Voltage TA = 25°C 4 1 3 AT 10Hz AT 1kHz 2 0.1 1 0.01 0.1 1 10 BANDWIDTH (kHz) 100 1007/37 G08 0 0 5 15 20 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (± V) 25 1007/37 G09 sn100737 100737fbs 5 LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Voltage Gain vs Frequency 180 OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (V/µV) 160 140 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 25 VS = ±15V TA = 25°C RL = 2k INPUT VOLTAGE (µV) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 –20 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M 100M FREQUENCY (Hz) 1007/37 G10 LT1007 LT1037 Voltage Gain vs Load Resistance 25 OPEN-LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (V/µV) 20 VOLTAGE GAIN (V/µV) 20 RL = 2k RL = 1k RL = 600Ω CHANGE IN OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 15 10 5 0 0.1 0.3 3 1 LOAD RESISTANCE (kΩ) Long Term Stability of Four Representative Units 10 OFFSET VOLTAGE CHANGE (µV) 50 40 30 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) OFFSET VOLTAGE (µV) 5 0 0.2µV/MONTH –5 0.2µV/MONTH TREND LINE –10 0 2 6 4 TIME (MONTHS) 8 10 1007/37 G16 6 UW 1007/37 G13 Voltage Gain vs Supply Voltage TA = 25°C 20 RL = 2k Voltage Gain, RL = 2k and 600Ω –1 INPUT VOLTAGE (µV) 0 1 15 RL = 2k –1 0 RL = 600Ω 1 RL = 600Ω 10 5 VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 0 5 15 20 10 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (± V) 25 1007/37 G11 0 –5 0 5 10 15 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) MEASURED ON TEKTRONIX 178 LINEAR IC TESTER 1007/37 G12 –15 –10 Voltage Gain vs Temperature 25 Warm-Up Drift 10 VS = ±15V TA = 25°C 8 15 6 METAL CAN (H) PACKAGE 4 DUAL-IN-LINE PACKAGE PLASTIC (N8) OR CERDIP (J8) 10 VS = ± 15V VOUT = ± 10V VOUT = ± 8V FOR TA ≥ 100°C AND RL = 600Ω –25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 5 2 10 0 –50 0 0 1 3 4 2 TIME AFTER POWER ON (MINUTES) 5 1007/37 G14 1007/37 G15 Offset Voltage Drift with Temperature of Representative Units 4 VS = ± 15V LT1007/LT1037 LT1007A/LT1037A Supply Current vs Supply Voltage 20 10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –50 3 125°C 25°C 2 –55°C 1 0 –25 50 0 75 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 0 10 5 15 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (± V) 20 1007/37 G18 1007/37 G17 sn100737 100737fbs LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS Common Mode Rejection vs Frequency 140 V+ VS = ± 15V VCM = ± 10V TA = 25°C –1 COMMON MODE REJECTION RATIO (dB) COMMON MODE LIMIT (V) REFERRED TO POWER SUPPLY INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) 120 100 LT1007 80 LT1037 60 40 103 104 105 106 FREQUENCY (Hz) Input Bias Current vs Temperature 50 VS = ± 15V INPUT OFFSET CURRENT (nA) INPUT BIAS CURRENT (nA) 40 40 30 20 10 LT1007AM LT1037AM 0 25 50 –75 –50 –25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) LT1007M LT1037M OUTPUT SWING (V) 30 LT1007M LT1037M 20 10 LT1007AM LT1037AM 0 –50 –25 25 50 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1007/37 G22 PSRR vs Frequency 160 100 POWER SUPPLY REJECTION RATIO (dB) 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1 10 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 FREQUENCY (Hz) 1195 G25 SHORT-CIRCUIT CURRENT (mA) SINKING SOURCING TA = 25°C OUTPUT IMPEDANCE (Ω) NEGATIVE SUPPLY POSITIVE SUPPLY UW 1007/37 G19 Common Mode Limit vs Temperature 20 15 V + = 3V TO 20V 10 5 0 –5 –10 –15 –25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 Input Bias Current Over the Common Mode Range DEVICE WITH POSITIVE INPUT CURRENT –2 –3 –4 VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C RCM = 20V ≈ 7G 3nA +4 +3 +2 +1 V – = – 3V TO –20V DEVICE WITH NEGATIVE INPUT CURRENT 107 V– –50 –20 –15 10 –10 –5 0 5 COMMON MODE INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 15 1007/37 G20 1007/37 G21 Input Offset Current vs Temperature 60 VS = ± 15V 50 Output Swing vs Load Resistance 15 12 POSITIVE SWING NEGATIVE SWING 9 6 3 VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 300 3k 1k LOAD RESISTANCE (Ω) 10k 1007/37 G24 100 125 1007/37 G23 0 100 Closed-Loop Output Impedance 50 VS = ±15V TA = 25°C IOUT = 1mA AV = 1000 1 AV = 1000 Output Short-Circuit Current vs Time 40 30 20 10 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 2 1 0 3 TIME FROM OUTPUT SHORT TO GROUND (MINUTES) 1007/37 G27 10 – 55°C 25°C 125°C VS = ± 15V 125°C 25°C – 55°C 0.1 AV = 1 AV = 5 0.01 LT1007 LT1037 0.001 10 100 10k 1k FREQUENCY (Hz) 100k 1M 1007/37 G26 sn100737 100737fbs 7 LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS LT1037 Small-Signal Transient Response LT1037 Large-Signal Response PHASE MARGIN (DEG) 70 VS = ± 15V CL = 100pF 60 PHASE MARGIN 50 60 GBW 70 50mV 0V – 50mV SLEW RATE (V/µs) AVCL = 5 VS = ±15V CL = 15pF LT1037 Gain, Phase Shift vs Frequency 50 90 VS = ± 15V 100 TA = 25°C CL = 100pF 110 40 100 110 120 SLEW RATE (V/µs) PHASE MARGIN (DEG) 40 VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) VOLTAGE GAIN (dB) 30 PHASE 20 AV = 5 10 GAIN 0 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) LT1007 Small-Signal Transient Response PEAK-TO-PEAK OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 50mV 0V – 50mV AVCL = 1 VS = ±15V CL = 15pF 8 UW 1007/37 G28 1007/37 G31 LT1037 Phase Margin, Gain Bandwidth Product, Slew Rate vs Temperature GAIN BANDWIDTH PROCUCT, fO = 10kHz (MHz) 10V 0V – 10V 20 50 15 SLEW AVCL = 5 VS = ±15V 1007/37 G29 10 –50 –25 50 25 0 75 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1007/37 G30 LT1007 Gain, Phase Shift vs Frequency 90 VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C CL = 100pF LT1007 Phase Margin, Gain Bandwidth Product, Slew Rate vs Temperature 70 VS = ± 15V CL = 100pF 60 PHASE MARGIN 50 GBW 3 SLEW 2 7 8 9 GAIN BANDWIDTH PROCUCT, fO = 100kHz (MHz) 30 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 100 PHASE SHIFT (DEG) PHASE SHIFT (DEG) 20 130 PHASE 140 GAIN 150 160 10 0 170 180 –10 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (MHz) 190 100 1007/37 G32 1 –50 –25 50 0 75 25 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 1007/37 G33 LT1007 Large-Signal Response 28 24 20 16 12 8 4 0 Maximum Undistorted Output vs Frequency VS = ± 15V TA = 25°C 5V 0V – 5V LT1007 LT1037 AVCL = – 1 VS = ±15V 1007/37 G34 1007/37 G35 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1007/37 G36 sn100737 100737fbs LT1007/LT1037 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION General The LT1007/LT1037 series devices may be inserted directly into OP-07, OP-27, OP-37 and 5534 sockets with or without removal of external compensation or nulling components. In addition, the LT1007/LT1037 may be fitted to 741 sockets with the removal or modification of external nulling components. Offset Voltage Adjustment The input offset voltage of the LT1007/LT1037 and its drift with temperature, are permanently trimmed at wafer testing to a low level. However, if further adjustment of VOS is necessary, the use of a 10kΩ nulling potentiometer will not degrade drift with temperature. Trimming to a value other than zero creates a drift of (VOS / 300)µV/ °C, e.g., if VOS is adjusted to 300µV, the change in drift will be 1µV/ °C (Figure 1). The adjustment range with a 10kΩ pot is approximately ± 2.5mV. If less adjustment range is needed, the sensitivity and resolution of the nulling can be improved by using a smaller pot in conjunction with fixed resistors. The example has an approximate null range of ± 200 µV (Figure 2). 10k 15V 1 50k* –15V Figure 3. Test Circuit for Offset Voltage and Offset Voltage Drift with Temperature Unity-Gain Buffer Application (LT1007 Only) When RF ≤ 100Ω and the input is driven with a fast, largesignal pulse (>1V), the output waveform will look as shown in the pulsed operation diagram (Figure 4). During the fast feedthrough-like portion of the output, the input protection diodes effectively short the output to the input and a current, limited only by the output short-circuit protection, will be drawn by the signal generator. With RF ≥ 500Ω, the output is capable of handling the current requirements (IL ≤ 20mA at 10V) and the amplifier stays in its active mode and a smooth transition will occur. RF INPUT 3 Figure 1. Standard Adjustment 1k 15V 4.7k 4.7k 1 OUTPUT –15V 1007/37 F02 Figure 2. Improved Sensitivity Adjustment + + 3 4 LT1007 – – 2 + – 2 8 7 6 OUTPUT LT1007 LT1037 4 –15V 1007/37 F01 8 76 LT1007 LT1037 Figure 4. Pulsed Operation sn100737 100737fbs + 100Ω* 3 – U W U U Offset Voltage and Drift Thermocouple effects, caused by temperature gradients across dissimilar metals at the contacts to the input terminals, can exceed the inherent drift of the amplifier unless proper care is exercised. Air currents should be minimized, package leads should be short, the two input leads should be close together and maintained at the same temperature. The circuit shown to measure offset voltage is also used as the burn-in configuration for the LT1007/LT1037, with the supply voltages increased to ± 20V (Figure 3). 50k* 15V 2 7 6 VOUT LT1007 LT1037 4 VOUT = 1000VOS *RESISTORS MUST HAVE LOW THERMOELECTRIC POTENTIAL 1007/37 F03 2.8V/µs OUTPUT 1007/37 F04 9 LT1007/LT1037 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION As with all operational amplifiers when RF > 2k, a pole will be created with RF and the amplifier’s input capacitance, creating additional phase shift and reducing the phase margin. A small capacitor (20pF to 50pF) in parallel with RF will eliminate this problem. Noise Testing The 0.1Hz to 10Hz peak-to-peak noise of the LT1007/ LT1037 is measured in the test circuit shown (Figure 5a). The frequency response of this noise tester (Figure 5b) indicates that the 0.1Hz corner is defined by only one zero. The test time to measure 0.1Hz to 10Hz noise should not exceed ten seconds, as this time limit acts as an additional zero to eliminate noise contributions from the frequency band below 0.1Hz. Measuring the typical 60nV peak-to-peak noise performance of the LT1007/LT1037 requires special test precautions: 1. The device should be warmed up for at least five minutes. As the op amp warms up, its offset voltage changes typically 3µV due to its chip temperature increasing 10°C to 20°C from the moment the power supplies are turned on. In the ten-second measurement interval these temperature-induced effects can easily exceed tens of nanovolts. 2. For similar reasons, the device must be well shielded from air currents to eliminate the possibility of thermo0.1µF 100 Figure 6 100k 10Ω 90 80 * LT1007 LT1037 GAIN (dB) 2k 4.7µF + LT1001 4.3k 22µF 70 60 50 40 – VOLTAGE GAIN = 50,000 *DEVICE UNDER TEST NOTE: ALL CAPACITOR VALUES ARE FOR NONPOLARIZED CAPACITORS ONLY 24.3k 100k 0.1µF 2.2µF SCOPE ×1 RIN = 1M 110k 1007/37 F05a 30 0.01 Figure 5a. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Noise Test Circuit Figure 5b. 0.1Hz to 10Hz Peak-toPeak Noise Tester Frequency Response sn100737 100737fbs 10 + 500k – U W U U electric effects in excess of a few nanovolts, which would invalidate the measurements. 3. Sudden motion in the vicinity of the device can also “feedthrough” to increase the observed noise. A noise voltage density test is recommended when measuring noise on a large number of units. A 10Hz noise voltage density measurement will correlate well with a 0.1Hz to 10Hz peak-to-peak noise reading since both results are determined by the white noise and the location of the 1/f corner frequency. Current noise is measured in the circuit shown in Figure 6 and calculated by the following formula: 2  2  eno − 130nV • 101   in =  1MΩ 101 ) ()( ( )( ) 100k 100Ω 500k 1/ 2 LT1007 LT1037 eno 1007/37 F06 + – 0.1 1 10 FREQUENCY (Hz) 100 1007/37F05b LT1007/LT1037 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION The LT1007/LT1037 achieve their low noise, in part, by operating the input stage at 120µA versus the typical 10µA of most other op amps. Voltage noise is inversely proportional while current noise is directly proportional to the square root of the input stage current. Therefore, the LT1007/LT1037’s current noise will be relatively high. At low frequencies, the low 1/f current noise corner frequency (≈120Hz) minimizes current noise to some extent. In most practical applications, however, current noise will not limit system performance. This is illustrated in the Total Noise vs Source Resistance plot in the Typical Performance Characteristics section, where: Total Noise = [(voltage noise)2 + (current noise • RS)2 + (resistor noise)2]1/2 Three regions can be identified as a function of source resistance: (i) RS ≤ 400Ω. Voltage noise dominates (ii) 400Ω ≤ RS ≤ 50k at 1kHz 400Ω ≤ RS ≤ 8k at 10Hz (iii) RS > 50k at 1kHz RS > 8k at 10Hz TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Gain 1000 Amplifier with 0.01% Accuracy, DC to 5Hz 340k 1% 15k 5% 15V 20k TRIM 1 TYPICAL PRECISION OP AMP GAIN ERROR (%) INPUT THE HIGH GAIN AND WIDE BANDWIDTH OF THE LT1037 (AND LT1007) IS USEFUL IN LOW FREQUENCY, HIGH CLOSED-LOOP GAIN AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS. A TYPICAL PRECISION OP AMP MAY HAVE AN OPEN-LOOP GAIN OF ONE MILLION WITH 500kHz BANDWIDTH. AS THE GAIN ERROR PLOT SHOWS, THIS DEVICE IS CAPABLE OF 0.1% AMPLIFYING ACCURACY UP TO 0.3Hz ONLY. EVEN INSTRUMENTATION RANGE SIGNALS CAN VARY AT A FASTER RATE. THE LT1037’S “GAIN PRECISION-BANDWIDTH PRODUCT” IS 200 TIMES HIGHER AS SHOWN. + 3 – 365Ω 1% 2 7 6 LT1037 4 –15V 0.1 LT1007 OUTPUT RN60C FILM RESISTORS U W U U U } Resistor noise dominates } Current noise dominates Clearly the LT1007/LT1037 should not be used in region (iii), where total system noise is at least six times higher than the voltage noise of the op amp, i.e., the low voltage noise specification is completely wasted. Gain Error vs Frequency Closed-Loop Gain = 1000 LT1037 0.01 GAIN ERROR = 0.001 0.1 CLOSED-LOOP GAIN OPEN-LOOP GAIN 100 1007/37 TA03 1 10 FREQUENCY (Hz) sn100737 100737fbs 11 LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS U Microvolt Comparator with Hysteresis 15V 100M 5% 7 8 LT1007 2 6 INPUT 3 365Ω 1% 15k 1% OUTPUT 2 365Ω 1% Precision Amplifier Drives 300Ω Load to ±10V 340k 1% 20k 5% 10k TRIM 4 –15V 6 LT1037 INPUT OFFSET VOLTAGE IS TYPICALLY CHANGED LESS THAN 5µV DUE TO THE FEEDBACK. 1007/37 TA04 INPUT THE ADDITION OF THE LT1007 DOUBLES THE AMPLIFIER’S OUTPUT DRIVE TO ± 33mA. GAIN ACCURACY IS 0.02%, SLIGHTLY DEGRADED COMPARED TO ABOVE BECAUSE OF SELF-HEATING OF THE LT1037 UNDER LOAD. Infrared Detector Preamplifier 15V + 1k 33Ω 10µF 10Ω 100µF + 2N2219A 267Ω* 15V 100µF 3 CHOPPED DETECTOR OUTPUT + 100µF 50mA + IR RADIATION OPTICAL CHOPPER PHOTOCONDUCTIVE INFRARED DETECTOR HgCdTe type INFRA-RED ASSOCIATES, INC. 13Ω AT 77°K 392Ω* 2 *1% METAL FILM 1007/37 TA08 12 + POSITIVE FEEDBACK TO ONE OF THE NULLING TERMINALS CREATES APPROXIMATELY 5µV OF HYSTERESIS. OUTPUT CAN SINK 16mA. 3 + – 7 LT1007 4 –15V 6 OUTPUT TO DEMODULATOR 392k* SYNCHRONOUS 392Ω* + – 3 – LT1007 15Ω 5% 6 15Ω 5% OUTPUT ± 10V RL 300Ω 1007/37 TA05 + 2 – sn100737 100737fbs LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS Phono Preamplifier Tape Head Amplifier 0.01µF 15V 7.87k 100pF 6 LT1037 OUTPUT ALL RESISTORS METAL FILM 47k –15V MAG PHONO INPUT 1007/37 TA06 SI PLIFIED SCHE ATIC 1 Q4 Q3 Q8 Q6 V – Q5 Q10 V– NONINVERTING INPUT (+) 3 Q13 2 INVERTING INPUT (–) Q11 Q12 Q15 Q16 Q23 Q24 C1 = 110pF FOR LT1007 C1 = 12pF FOR LT1037 240µA 120µA 200Ω 6k 200Ω 500µA 6k 50Ω V– 4 1007/37 SD 8 Q7 3.4k 3.4k 450µA 750µA 17k Q9 130pF 17k 1.2k 1.2k Q18 C1 Q27 20Ω Q17 Q19 Q20 750Ω Q25 Q26 Q1A Q1B Q2B V+ 80pF V+ Q2A 200Ω 20pF Q30 Q22 + W + 3 4 TAPE HEAD INPUT 3 – – 100Ω 2 7 U 4.99k 0.01µF 100k 0.033µF 316k 100Ω 2 LT1037 6 OUTPUT ALL RESISTORS METAL FILM 1007/37 TA07 W V+ 7 240µA Q28 OUTPUT 6 20Ω Q29 sn100737 100737fbs 13 LT1007/LT1037 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION H Package 8-Lead TO-5 Metal Can (.200 Inch PCD) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1320) 0.335 – 0.370 (8.509 – 9.398) DIA 0.305 – 0.335 (7.747 – 8.509) 0.040 (1.016) MAX 0.050 (1.270) MAX GAUGE PLANE 0.010 – 0.045* (0.254 – 1.143) 0.016 – 0.021** (0.406 – 0.533) 0.165 – 0.185 (4.191 – 4.699) REFERENCE PLANE 0.500 – 0.750 (12.700 – 19.050) SEATING PLANE 45°TYP 0.027 – 0.034 (0.686 – 0.864) 0.110 – 0.160 (2.794 – 4.064) INSULATING STANDOFF CORNER LEADS OPTION (4 PLCS) 0.045 – 0.068 (1.143 – 1.727) FULL LEAD OPTION 0.300 BSC (0.762 BSC) 0.008 – 0.018 (0.203 – 0.457) NOTE: LEAD DIMENSIONS APPLY TO SOLDER DIP/PLATE OR TIN PLATE LEADS 14 U 0.027 – 0.045 (0.686 – 1.143) 0.200 (5.080) TYP *LEAD DIAMETER IS UNCONTROLLED BETWEEN THE REFERENCE PLANE AND 0.045" BELOW THE REFERENCE PLANE 0.016 – 0.024 **FOR SOLDER DIP LEAD FINISH, LEAD DIAMETER IS (0.406 – 0.610) H8(TO-5) 0.200 PCD 0595 J8 Package 8-Lead CERDIP (Narrow .300 Inch, Hermetic) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1110) 0.005 (0.127) MIN 0.405 (10.287) MAX 8 7 6 5 0.023 – 0.045 (0.584 – 1.143) HALF LEAD OPTION 0.025 (0.635) RAD TYP 1 2 3 0.220 – 0.310 (5.588 – 7.874) 4 0.200 (5.080) MAX 0.015 – 0.060 (0.381 – 1.524) 0° – 15° 0.045 – 0.065 (1.143 – 1.651) 0.014 – 0.026 (0.360 – 0.660) 0.100 (2.54) BSC 0.125 3.175 MIN J8 1298 OBSOLETE PACKAGES sn100737 100737fbs LT1007/LT1037 PACKAGE DESCRIPTION N8 Package 8-Lead PDIP (Narrow .300 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1510) 0.400* (10.160) MAX 8 7 6 5 0.300 – 0.325 (7.620 – 8.255) 0.009 – 0.015 (0.229 – 0.381) ( +0.035 0.325 –0.015 8.255 +0.889 –0.381 ) *THESE DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS. MOLD FLASH OR PROTRUSIONS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010 INCH (0.254mm) 0.010 – 0.020 × 45° (0.254 – 0.508) 0.008 – 0.010 (0.203 – 0.254) 0°– 8° TYP 0.014 – 0.019 (0.355 – 0.483) TYP *DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE **DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE 0.016 – 0.050 (0.406 – 1.270) Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. U 0.255 ± 0.015* (6.477 ± 0.381) 1 2 3 4 0.045 – 0.065 (1.143 – 1.651) 0.130 ± 0.005 (3.302 ± 0.127) 0.065 (1.651) TYP 0.125 (3.175) 0.020 MIN (0.508) MIN 0.018 ± 0.003 (0.457 ± 0.076) N8 1098 0.100 (2.54) BSC S8 Package 8-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Narrow .150 Inch) (Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1610) 0.189 – 0.197* (4.801 – 5.004) 8 7 6 5 0.228 – 0.244 (5.791 – 6.197) 0.150 – 0.157** (3.810 – 3.988) SO8 1298 1 2 3 4 0.053 – 0.069 (1.346 – 1.752) 0.004 – 0.010 (0.101 – 0.254) 0.050 (1.270) BSC sn100737 100737fbs 15 LT1007/LT1037 TYPICAL APPLICATIO 5k 2.5V 3 + – LT1009 2 LT1007 4 –7.5V 350Ω BRIDGE 7.5V RELATED PARTS PART NUMBER LT1028 LT1115 LT1124/LT1125 LT1126/LT1127 LT1498/LT1499 DESCRIPTION Ultralow Noise Precision Op Amp Ultralow Noise, Low distortion Audio Op Amp Dual/Quad Low Noise, High Speed Precision Op Amps Dual/Quad Decompensated Low Noise, High Speed Precision Op Amps 10MHz, 5V/µs, Dual/Quad Rail-to-Rail Input and Output Precision C-LoadTM Op Amps COMMENTS Lowest Noise 0.85nV/√Hz 0.002% THD, Max Noise 1.2mV/√Hz Similar to LT1007 Similar to LT1037 C-Load is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. 16 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408) 432-1900 q FAX: (408) 434-0507 q + 3 – 2 LT1007 4 –7.5V U Strain Gauge Signal Conditioner with Bridge Excitation 7.5V 7 6 REFERENCE OUT 15V 3 301k* + – 7 LT1007 6 OUTPUT 0V TO 10V 1µF 301k* ZERO TRIM 10k 2 4 –15V 7 6 *RN60C FILM RESISTOR GAIN TRIM 50k 499Ω* THE LT1007 IS CAPABLE OF PROVIDING EXCITATION CURRENT DIRECTLY TO BIAS THE 350Ω BRIDGE AT 5V. WITH ONLY 5V ACROSS THE BRIDGE (AS OPPOSED TO THE USUAL 10V) TOTAL POWER DISSIPATION AND BRIDGE WARM-UP DRIFT IS REDUCED. THE BRIDGE OUTPUT SIGNAL IS HALVED, BUT THE LT1007 CAN AMPLIFY THE REDUCED SIGNAL ACCURATELY. 1007/37 TA09 sn100737 100737fbs LT/CPI 1101 1.5K REV B • PRINTED IN USA www.linear.com © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1985