LTC1410I

LTC1410 12-Bit, 1.25Msps Sampling A/D Converter with Shutdown FEATURES s s s s s s DESCRIPTIO s s s s 1.25Msps Sample Rate Power Dissipation: 160mW 71dB S/(N + D) and 82dB THD at Nyquist No Pipeline Delay Nap (7mW) and Sleep (10µW) Shutdown Modes Operates with Internal 15ppm/°C Reference or External Reference True Differential Inputs Reject Common Mode Noise 20MHz Full Power Bandwidth Sampling ± 2.5V Bipolar Input Range 28-Pin SO Wide Package The LTC®1410 is a 0.65µs, 1.25Msps, 12-bit sampling A/D converter that draws only 160mW from ± 5V supplies. This easy-to-use device includes a high dynamic range sample-and-hold, a precision reference and requires no external components. Two digitally selectable power shutdown modes provide flexibility for low power systems. The LTC1410’s full-scale input range is ± 2.5V. Maximum DC specifications include ± 1LSB INL and ± 1LSB DNL over temperature. Outstanding AC performance includes 71dB S/(N + D) and 82dB THD at the Nyquist input frequency of 625kHz. The unique differential input sample-and-hold can acquire single-ended or differential input signals up to its 20MHz bandwidth. The 60dB common mode rejection allows users to eliminate ground loops and common mode noise by measuring signals differentially from the source. The ADC has a µP compatible, 12-bit parallel output port. There is no pipeline delay in the conversion results. A separate convert start input and a data ready signal (BUSY) ease connections to FIFOs, DSPs and microprocessors. , LTC and LT are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. APPLICATI s s s s s s S Telecommunications Digital Signal Processing Multiplexed Data Acquisition Systems High Speed Data Acquisition Spectrum Analysis Imaging Systems TYPICAL APPLICATI Complete 1.25MHz, 12-Bit Sampling A/D Converter LTC1410 DIFFERENTIAL 1 AVDD +AIN ANALOG INPUT (–2.5V TO 2.5V) 2 –AIN DVDD 2.50V 3 V VSS VREF OUTPUT 4 REF REFCOMP BUSY 5 0.1µF AGND CS 6 D11(MSB) CONVST 7 D10 RD 8 D9 SHDN 9 D8 NAP/SLP 10 D7 OGND 11 12-BIT D6 D0 PARALLEL 12 D5 D1 BUS 13 D4 D2 14 DGND D3 5V 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 µP CONTROL LINES 10µF –5V 10µF 0.1µF Effective Bits and Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) vs Input Frequency 12 74 68 10 8 6 4 2 0 1k fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz 10k 100k 1M INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M LTC1410 • TA02 + 0.1µF 10µF EFFECTIVE BITS + 1410 TA01 U NYQUIST 62 56 50 S/(N + D) (dB) UO UO 1 LTC1410 ABSOLUTE AXI U RATI GS PACKAGE/ORDER I FOR ATIO TOP VIEW +AIN 1 –AIN 2 VREF 3 REFCOMP 4 AGND 5 D11(MSB) 6 D10 7 D9 8 D8 9 D7 10 D6 11 D5 12 D4 13 DGND 14 G PACKAGE 28-LEAD PLASTIC SSOP 28 AVDD 27 DVDD 26 VSS 25 BUSY 24 CS 23 CONVST 22 RD 21 SHDN 20 NAP/SLP 19 OGND 18 D0 17 D1 16 D2 15 D3 SW PACKAGE 28-LEAD PLASTIC SO WIDE AVDD = DVDD = VDD (Notes 1, 2) Supply Voltage (VDD) ................................................ 6V Negative Supply Voltage (VSS) ............................... – 6V Total Supply Voltage (VDD to VSS) .......................... 12V Analog Input Voltage (Note 3) .................................. VSS – 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Digital Input Voltage (Note 4) ............ VSS – 0.3V to 10V Digital Output Voltage ................... – 0.3V to VDD + 0.3V Power Dissipation ............................................. 500mW Operating Temperature Range LTC1410C .............................................. 0°C to 70°C LTC1410I ........................................... – 40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................ – 65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec)................. 300°C ORDER PART NUMBER LTC1410CG LTC1410CSW LTC1410IG LTC1410ISW TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 90°C/W (SW) TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 95°C/W (G) Consult factory for Military grade parts. CO VERTER CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER Resolution (No Missing Codes) Integral Linearity Error Differential Linearity Error Offset Error Full-Scale Error Full-Scale Tempco The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. With Internal Reference (Notes 5, 6) CONDITIONS q MIN 12 q q TYP ± 0.3 ± 0.3 ±2 MAX ±1 ±1 ±6 ±8 ± 15 UNITS Bits LSB LSB LSB LSB LSB ppm/°C (Note 7) (Note 8) q IOUT(REF) = 0 q ± 15 A ALOG I PUT SYMBOL PARAMETER VIN IIN CIN t ACQ t AP tjitter CMRR The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) CONDITIONS 4.75V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.25V, – 5.25V ≤ VSS ≤ – 4.75V CS = High Between Conversions During Conversions q q q MIN TYP ± 2.5 MAX ±1 UNITS V µA pF pF Analog Input Range (Note 9) Analog Input Leakage Current Analog Input Capacitance Sample-and-Hold Acquisition Time Sample-and-Hold Aperture Delay Time Sample-and-Hold Aperture Delay Time Jitter Analog Input Common Mode Rejection Ratio 17 5 50 –1.5 5 100 psRMS dB – 2.5V < (– AIN = AIN) < 2.5V 60 2 U ns ns W U U WW W U U U LTC1410 DY A IC ACCURACY SYMBOL S/(N + D) THD The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) PARAMETER Signal-to-(Noise + Distortion) Ratio Total Harmonic Distortion Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise Intermodulation Distortion Full Power Bandwidth Full Linear Bandwidth CONDITIONS 100kHz Input Signal (Note 12) 600kHz Input Signal (Note 12) 100kHz Input Signal, First 5 Harmonics 600kHz Input Signal, First 5 Harmonics 600kHz Input Signal fIN1 = 29.37kHz, fIN2 = 32.446kHz (S/(N + D) ≥ 68dB) q q q q IMD I TER AL REFERE CE CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER VREF Output Voltage VREF Output Tempco VREF Line Regulation VREF Output Resistance COMP Output Voltage CONDITIONS IOUT = 0 IOUT = 0 4.75V ≤ VDD ≤ 5.25V – 5.25V ≤ VSS ≤ – 4.75V IOUT ≤ 0.1mA IOUT = 0 The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) MIN 2.480 TYP 2.500 ± 15 0.01 0.01 2 4.06 MAX 2.520 UNITS V ppm/°C LSB/V LSB/V kΩ V DIGITAL I PUTS A D DIGITAL OUTPUTS SYMBOL VIH VIL IIN CIN VOH PARAMETER High Level Input Voltage Low Level Input Voltage Digital Input Current Digital Input Capacitance High Level Output Voltage CONDITIONS VDD = 5.25V VDD = 4.75V VIN = 0V to VDD VDD = 4.75V IO = – 10µA IO = – 200µA VDD = 4.75V IO = 160µA IO = 1.6mA VOUT = 0V to VDD, CS High CS High (Note 9 ) VOUT = 0V VOUT = VDD The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) q q q VOL Low Level Output Voltage IOZ COZ ISOURCE ISINK High-Z Output Leakage D11 to D0 High-Z Output Capacitance D11 to D0 Output Source Current Output Sink Current POWER REQUIRE E TS SYMBOL VDD VSS IDD PARAMETER Positive Supply Voltage Negative Supply Voltage Positive Supply Current Nap Mode Sleep Mode Negative Supply Current Nap Mode Sleep Mode The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) CONDITIONS (Notes 10, 11) (Note 10) CS = RD = CONVST = 5V SHDN = 0V, NAP/SLP = 5V SHDN = 0V, NAP/SLP = 0V CS = RD = CONVST = 5V SHDN = 0V, NAP/SLP = 5V SHDN = 0V, NAP/SLP = 0V MIN 4.75 – 4.75 q ISS UW U U U WU U MIN 70 68 TYP 72.5 71.0 – 85 – 82 – 84 – 84 20 2.5 MAX – 74 – 74 UNITS dB dB dB dB dB dB MHz MHz U MIN 2.4 TYP MAX 0.8 ± 10 5 4.5 q UNITS V V µA pF V V V V µA pF mA mA 4.0 0.05 0.10 q q q 0.4 ± 10 15 – 10 10 TYP q 12 1.5 1 20 10 1 MAX 5.25 – 5.25 16 2.3 100 30 200 100 UNITS V V mA mA µA mA µA µA 3 LTC1410 POWER REQUIRE E TS SYMBOL PD PARAMETER Power Dissipation Nap Mode Sleep Mode The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) CONDITIONS SHDN = 0V, NAP/SLP = 5V SHDN = 0V, NAP/SLP = 0V MIN TYP 160 7.5 0.01 MAX 230 12 1 UNITS mW mW mW TI I G CHARACTERISTICS SYMBOL fSAMPLE(MAX) tCONV tACQ tACQ+CONV t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 t8 t9 t10 PARAMETER Maximum Sampling Frequency Conversion Time Acquisition Time Throughput Time (Acquisition + Conversion) CS to RD Setup Time CS↓ to CONVST↓ Setup Time NAP/SLP↓ to SHDN ↓ Setup Time The q denotes specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. (Note 5) CONDITIONS q q q q SHDN↑ to CONVST↓ Wake-Up Time (Note 10) CONVST Low Time (Notes 10, 11) CONVST to BUSY Delay Data Ready Before BUSY↑ CL = 25pF Delay Between Conversions Wait Time RD↓ After BUSY↑ Data Access Time After RD↓ t11 Bus Relinquish Time Commercial Industrial q q q q t12 t13 t14 RD Low Time CONVST High Time Aperture Delay of Sample-and-Hold Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which the life of a device may be impaired. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to ground with DGND, OGND and AGND wired together unless otherwise noted. Note 3: When these pin voltages are taken below VSS or above VDD, they will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents greater than 100mA below VSS or above VDD without latchup. Note 4: When these pin voltages are taken below VSS, they will be clamped by internal diodes. This product can handle input currents greater than 100mA below VSS without latchup. These pins are not clamped to VDD. Note 5: VDD = 5V, VSS = – 5V, fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz, tr = tf = 5ns unless otherwise specified. Note 6: Linearity, offset and full-scale specifications apply for a singleended +AIN input with – AIN grounded. 4 UW UW MIN 1.25 TYP 650 50 MAX 750 100 800 UNITS MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns (Notes 9, 10) (Notes 9, 10) (Notes 9, 10) q q q q q q 0 10 10 200 40 10 50 20 15 40 –5 15 25 35 35 50 20 25 30 35 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns (Note 10) (Note 10) CL = 25pF q q q CL = 100pF q 20 8 t 10 40 – 1.5 Note 7: Integral nonlinearity is defined as the deviation of a code from a straight line passing through the actual endpoints of the transfer curve. The deviation is measured from the center of the quantization band. Note 8: Bipolar offset is the offset voltage measured from – 0.5LSB when the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 and 1111 1111 1111. Note 9: Guaranteed by design, not subject to test. Note 10: Recommended operating conditions. Note 11: The falling CONVST edge starts a conversion. If CONVST returns high at a critical point during the conversion it can create small errors. For best results ensure that CONVST returns high either within 425ns after the start of the conversion or after BUSY rises. Note 12: Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is measured at 100kHz and distortion is measured at 600kHz. These results are used to calculate signal-to-noise plus distortion (SINAD). LTC1410 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS S/(N + D) vs Input Frequency and Amplitude 80 SIGNAL/(NOISE + DISTORTION) (dB) 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz 0 1k 1M 10k 100k INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1410 G01 AMPLITUDE (dB BELOW THE FUNDAMENTAL) SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (dB) VIN = 0dB VIN = – 20dB VIN = – 60dB Spurious-Free Dynamic Range vs Input Frequency 0 SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (dB) –10 –20 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 AMPLITUDE (dB) –40 –60 –80 –100 –120 DNL ERROR (LSB) –30 –100 10k 100k 1M INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) AMPLITUDE OF POWER SUPPLY FEEDTHROUGH (dB) Integral Nonlinearity vs Output Code 1.0 –20 –40 –60 –80 –100 –120 VSS VDD DGND COMMON MODE REJECTION (dB) 0.5 INL ERROR (LSB) 0 –0.5 –1.0 0 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3504 4096 OUTPUT CODE 1410 G07 UW 1410 G04 Signal-to-Noise Ratio vs Input Frequency 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1k 1M 10k 100k INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1410 G02 Distortion vs Input Frequency 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 1k 1M 10k 100k INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1410 G03 3RD 2ND THD –100 Intermodulation Distortion Plot 0 –20 fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz fIN1 = 88.19580078kHz fIN2 = 111.9995117kHz 0.5 1.0 Differential Nonlinearity vs Output Code 0 –0.5 10M 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 –1.0 0 FREQUENCY (kHz) 1410 G05 512 1024 1536 2048 2560 3072 3504 4096 OUTPUT CODE 1410 G06 Power Supply Feedthrough vs Ripple Frequency 0 VRIPPLE = 0.1V 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Input Common Mode Rejection vs Input Frequency 1k 10k 100k 1M RIPPLE FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1410 G08 1k 1M 10k 100k INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1410 G09 5 LTC1410 PI FU CTIO S + AIN (Pin 1): Positive Analog Input, ± 2.5V. – AIN (Pin 2): Negative Analog Input, ± 2.5V. VREF (Pin 3): 2.50V Reference Output. REFCOMP (Pin 4): 4.06V Reference Bypass Pin. Bypass to AGND with 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic. AGND (Pin 5): Analog Ground. D11 to D4 (Pins 6 to 13): Three-State Data Outputs. DGND (Pin 14): Digital Ground for Internal Logic. Tie to AGND. D3 to D0 (Pins 15 to 18): Three-State Data Outputs. OGND (Pin 19): Digital Ground for Output Drivers. Tie to AGND. NAP/SLP (Pin 20): Power Shutdown Mode. Selects the mode invoked by the SHDN pin. Low selects Sleep mode and high selects quick wake-up Nap mode. SHDN (Pin 21): Power Shutdown Input. A low logic level will invoke the Shutdown mode selected by the NAP/SLP pin. RD (Pin 22): Read Input. This enables the output drivers when CS is low. CONVST (Pin 23): Conversion Start Signal. This active low signal starts a conversion on its falling edge. CS (Pin 24): The Chip Select input must be low for the ADC to recognize CONVST and RD inputs. BUSY (Pin 25): The BUSY output shows the converter status. It is low when a conversion is in progress. Data valid on the rising edge of BUSY. VSS (Pin 26): – 5V Negative Supply. Bypass to AGND with 10µF tantalum in parallel 0.1µF ceramic. DVDD (Pin 27): 5V Positive Supply. Short to Pin 28. AVDD (Pin 28): 5V Positive Supply. Bypass to AGND with 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic. FU CTIO AL BLOCK DIAGRA +AIN CSAMPLE – AIN VREF 2k 2.5V REF ZEROING SWITCHES AVDD DVDD VSS REF AMP REFCOMP (4V) AGND DGND INTERNAL CLOCK NAP/SLP SHDN CONVST RD CS 6 W U U U U U CSAMPLE + 12-BIT CAPACITIVE DAC COMP – 12 OUTPUT LATCHES SUCCESSIVE APPROXIMATION REGISTER • • • D11 D0 CONTROL LOGIC BUSY LTC1410 • BD LTC1410 TEST CIRCUITS Load Circuits for Access Timing 5V 1k DBN 1k CL DBN CL DBN 1k 100pF DBN 100pF Load Circuits for Output Float Delay 5V 1k (A) Hi-Z TO VOH AND VOL TO VOH (B) Hi-Z TO VOL AND VOH TO VOL 1410 TC01 (A) VOH TO Hi-Z (B) VOL TO Hi-Z 1410 TC02 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CONVERSION DETAILS The LTC1410 uses a successive approximation algorithm and an internal sample-and-hold circuit to convert an analog signal to a 12-bit parallel output. The ADC is complete with a precision reference and an internal clock. The control logic provides easy interface to microprocessors and DSPs. (Please refer to the Digital Interface section for the data format.) Conversion start is controlled by the CS and CONVST inputs. At the start of the conversion the successive approximation register (SAR) is reset. Once a conversion cycle has begun it cannot be restarted. During the conversion, the internal differential 12-bit capacitive DAC output is sequenced by the SAR from the Most Significant Bit (MSB) to the Least Significant Bit (LSB). Referring to Figure 1, the + AIN and – AIN inputs are connected to the sample-and-hold capacitors (CSAMPLE) during the acquire phase and the comparator offset is nulled by the zeroing switches. In this acquire phase, a minimum duration of 100ns will provide enough time for the sample-and-hold capacitors to acquire the analog signal. During the convert phase the comparator zeroing switches open, putting the comparator into compare mode. The input switches connect the CSAMPLE capacitors to ground, transferring the differential analog input charge onto the summing junctions. This input charge is successively compared with the binarily-weighted charges supplied by the differential capacitive DAC. Bit decisions are made by the high speed comparator. At the end of a conversion, the differential DAC output balances the + AIN and – AIN input charges. The SAR contents (a 12-bit data word) which represent the difference of + AIN and – AIN are loaded into the 12-bit output latches. U W U U +CSAMPLE +AIN SAMPLE HOLD –CSAMPLE – AIN SAMPLE HOLD +CDAC ZEROING SWITCHES HOLD HOLD + –CDAC +VDAC –VDAC 12 SAR OUTPUT LATCHES • • • D11 D0 1410 F01 COMP – Figure 1. Simplified Block Diagram 7 LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE The LTC1410 has excellent high speed sampling capability. Fast Four Transform (FFT) test techniques are used to test the ADC’s frequency response, distortion and noise at the rated throughput. By applying a low distortion sine wave and analyzing the digital output using an FFT algorithm, the ADC’s spectral content can be examined for frequencies outside the fundamental. 0 –20 –40 –60 –80 –100 12 –120 0 100 200 300 400 500 FREQUENCY (kHz) 600 1410 F02a fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz fIN = 100.098kHz SFDR = 90.1dB SINAD = 72.4dB AMPLITUDE (dB) EFFECTIVE BITS Figure 2a. LTC1410 Nonaveraged 4096 Point FFT, 100kHz Input 0 –20 –40 fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz fIN = 599.975kHz SFDR = 84.7dB SINAD = 71.7dB AMPLITUDE (dB) –60 –80 –100 –120 0 100 200 300 400 500 FREQUENCY (kHz) 600 1410 F02b Figure 2b. LTC1410 Nonaveraged 4096 Point FFT, 600kHz Input Signal-to-Noise Ratio The Signal-to-Noise plus Distortion ratio [S/(N + D)] is the ratio between the RMS amplitude of the fundamental input frequency to the RMS amplitude of all other frequency components at the ADC output. The output is band limited 8 U W U U to frequencies from above DC and below half the sampling frequency. Figures 2a and 2b shows a typical spectral content with a 1.25MHz sampling rate for 100kHz and 600kHz inputs. The dynamic performance is excellent for input frequencies up to the Nyquist limit of 625kHz and beyond. Effective Number of Bits The Effective Number of Bits (ENOBs) is a measurement of the resolution of an ADC and is directly related to the S/(N + D) by the equation: N = [S/(N + D) – 1.76] / 6.02 where N is the effective number of bits of resolution and S/(N + D) is expressed in dB. At the maximum sampling rate of 1.25MHz the LTC1410 maintains very good ENOBs up to the Nyquist input frequency of 625kHz and beyond. Refer to Figure 3. 74 68 10 8 6 4 2 0 1k fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz 10k 100k 1M INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M LTC1410 • TA02 NYQUIST 62 56 50 S/(N + D) (dB) Figure 3. Effective Bits and Signal/(Noise + Distortion) vs Input Frequency Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Total harmonic distortion is the ratio of the RMS sum of all harmonics of the input signal to the fundamental itself. The out-of-band harmonics alias into the frequency band between DC and half the sampling frequency. THD is expressed as: THD = 20 log 2 2 2 2 V2 + V3 + V4 + . . .Vn V1 LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION where V1 is the RMS amplitude of the fundamental frequency and V2 through Vn are the amplitudes of the second through nth harmonics. THD vs Input Frequency is shown in Figure 4. The LTC1410 has good distortion performance up to the Nyquist frequency and beyond. AMPLITUDE (dB BELOW THE FUNDAMENTAL) 0 –10 –20 –30 –40 –50 –60 –70 –80 –90 1k 1M 10k 100k INPUT FREQUENCY (Hz) 10M 1410 G03 AMPLITUDE (dB) 3RD 2ND THD –100 Figure 4. Distortion vs Input Frequency Intermodulation Distortion (IMD) If the ADC input signal consists of more than one spectral component, the ADC transfer function nonlinearity can produce Intermodulation Distortion in addition to THD. IMD is the change in one sinusoidal input caused by the presence of another sinusoidal input at a different frequency. If two pure sine waves of frequencies fa and fb are applied to the ADC input, nonlinearities in the ADC transfer function can create distortion products at the sum and difference frequencies of mfa ± nfb, where m and n = 0, 1, 2, 3, etc. For example, the 2nd order IMD terms include (fa + fb). If the two input sine waves are equal in magnitude, the value (in decibels) of the 2nd order IMD products can be expressed by the following formula: IMD fa + fb = 20 log ( ) Amplitude at fa ± fb Amplitude at f a ( ) U W U U 0 (fa) –20 –40 –60 –80 –100 –120 (fb) fSAMPLE = 1.25MHz fIN1 = 88.19580078kHz fIN2 = 111.9995117kHz (2fa–fb) (fb–fa) (2fb–fa) (fa+fb) (2fa+fb) (2fa) (2fb) (fa+2fb) (3fa) (3fb) 0 100 200 300 FREQUENCY (MHz) 400 500 600 1410 F05 Figure 5. Intermodulation Distortion Plot Peak Harmonic or Spurious Noise The peak harmonic or spurious noise is the largest spectral component excluding the input signal and DC. This value is expressed in decibel relative to the RMS value of a full-scale input signal. Full Power and Full Linear Bandwidth The full power bandwidth is that input frequency at which the amplitude of the reconstructed fundamental is reduced by 3dB for a full-scale input signal. The full linear bandwidth is the input frequency at which the S/(N + D) has dropped to 68dB (11 effective bits). The LTC1410 has been designed to optimize input bandwidth, allowing the ADC to undersample input signals with frequencies above the converter’s Nyquist frequency. The noise floor stays very low at high frequencies; S/(N + D) does not become dominated by distortion until frequencies far beyond Nyquist. Driving the Analog Input The differential analog inputs of the LTC1410 are easy to drive. The inputs may be driven differentially or as a single-ended input (i.e., the – AIN input is grounded). The + AIN and – AIN inputs are sampled at the same instant. Any unwanted signal that is common mode to both inputs will be reduced by the common mode rejection of the sample-and-hold circuit. The inputs draw only one small current spike while charging the sample-and-hold 9 LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION capacitors at the end of conversion. During conversion the analog inputs draw only a small leakage current. If the source impedance of the driving circuit is low then the LTC1410 inputs can be driven directly. As source impedance increases so will acquisition time (see Figure 6). For minimum acquisition time with high source impedance, a buffer amplifier should be used. The only requirement is that the amplifier driving the analog input(s) must settle after the small current spike before the next conversion starts (settling time must be 100ns for full throughput rate). 10 ACQUISITION TIME (µs) 1 4 10µF 0.1µF 5 0.1 LTC1410 1410 F07 0.01 10 1k 10k 100 SOURCE RESISTANCE (Ω) 100k 1410 F06 Figure 6. Acquisition Time vs Source Resistance Choosing an input amplifier is easy if a few requirements are taken into consideration. First, choose an amplifier that has a low output impedance (< 100Ω) at the closedloop bandwidth frequency. For example, if an amplifier is used in a gain of +1 and has a closed-loop bandwidth of 50MHz, then the output impedance at 50MHz must be less than 100Ω. The second requirement is that the closed-loop bandwidth must be greater than 20MHz to ensure adequate small-signal settling for full throughput rate. If slower op amps are used, more settling time can be provided by increasing the time between conversions. Suitable devices capable of driving the ADC’s inputs include the LT ®1360, LT1220, LT1223, LT1224 and LT1227 op amps. The noise and the distortion of the input amplifier must also be considered since they will add to the LTC1410 noise and distortion. The small-signal bandwidth of the 10 U W U U sample-and-hold circuit is 20MHz. Any noise that is present at the analog inputs will be summed over this entire bandwidth. Noisy input circuitry should be filtered prior to the analog inputs to minimize noise. A simple 1-pole RC filter is usually sufficient. For example, Figure 7 shows a 1000pF capacitor from + AIN to ground and a 100Ω source resistor will limit the input bandwidth to 1.6MHz. Simple RC filters work well for AC applications, but they will limit the transient response. For full speed operation, amplifiers with fast settling and low noise should be chosen. ANALOG INPUT 100Ω 1000pF 1 2 3 +AIN –AIN VREF REFCOMP AGND Figure 7. RC Input Filter Internal Reference The LTC1410 has an on-chip, temperature compensated, curvature corrected, bandgap reference which is factory trimmed to 2.500V. It is connected internally to a reference amplifier and is available at VREF (Pin 3). See Figure 8a. A 2k resistor is in series with the output so that it can be ANALOG INPUT 1 2 +AIN –AIN LTC1410 2.500V 4.06V 3 VREF 4 REFCOMP 0.1µF 5 AGND R3 64k R2 40k R1 2k BANDGAP REFERENCE + – 10µF 1410 F08a Figure 8a. LTC1410 Reference Circuit LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION easily overdriven in applications where an external reference is required. The reference amplifier provides buffering between the internal reference and the capacitive DAC. The reference amplifier compensation pin REFCOMP (Pin 4), must be bypassed with a capacitor to ground. The reference amplifier is stable with capacitors of 1µF or greater. For the best noise performance, a 10µF tantalum in parallel with 0.1µF ceramic is recommended. The VREF pin can be driven with an external reference (Figure 8b), a DAC or other means to provide input span adjustment. The VREF should be kept in the range of 2.25V to 2.75V for specified linearity. 5V VIN LT1019A-2.5 VOUT ANALOG INPUT 1 2 3 4 10µF 0.1µF 5 +AIN –AIN VREF REFCOMP AGND LTC1410 1410 F08b OUTPUT CODE Figure 8b. Using the LT1019-2.5 as an External Reference Full-Scale and Offset Adjustment Figure 9 shows the ideal input/output characteristics for the LTC1410. The code transitions occur midway between successive integer LSB values (i.e., – FS + 0.5LSB, – FS + 1.5LSB, – FS + 2.5LSB, . . . FS – 1.5LSB, FS – 0.5LSB).The output is two’s complement binary with 1LSB = [(+FS) – (– FS)]/4096 = 5V/4096 = 1.22mV. In applications where absolute accuracy is important, offset and full-scale errors can be adjusted to zero. Offset error must be adjusted before full-scale error. Figure 10 shows the extra components required for full-scale error adjustment. Zero offset is achieved by adjusting the offset applied to the – AIN input. For zero offset error apply – 0.61mV (i.e., – 0.5LSB) at +AIN and adjust the offset at the – AIN input until the output code flickers between 0000 0000 0000 and 1111 1111 1111. For full-scale adjustment, an input voltage of 2.49817V (FS – 1.5LSBs) is U W U U applied to AIN and R2 is adjusted until the output code flickers between 0111 1111 1110 and 0111 1111 1111. 011...111 011...110 BIPOLAR ZERO 000...001 000...000 111...111 111...110 FS = 2.5V 2FS 1LSB = 4096 –FS –1 0V 1 FS – LSB LSB LSB INPUT VOLTAGE, (+AIN) – (–AIN) (V) 1410 F09 100...001 100...000 Figure 9. LTC1410 Transfer Characteristics – 5V R1 50k R3 47k ANALOG INPUT 1 2 3 +AIN –AIN VREF REFCOMP AGND LTC1410 1410 F10 R4 100Ω R5 R2 47k 50k R6 24k 10µF 0.1µF 4 5 Figure 10. Offset and Full-Scale Adjust Circuit BOARD LAYOUT AND BYPASSING Wire wrap boards are not recommended for high resolution or high speed A/D converters. To obtain the best performance from the LTC1410, a printed circuit board with ground plane is required. Layout for the printed circuit board should ensure that digital and analog signal lines are separated as much as possible. Particular care should be taken not to run any digital track alongside an analog signal track or underneath the ADC. The analog input should be screened by AGND. 11 LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION High quality tantalum and ceramic bypass capacitors should be used at the VDD, VSS and REFCOMP pins as shown in the Typical Application on the first page of this data sheet. Bypass capacitors must be located as close to the pins as possible. The traces connecting the pins and bypass capacitors must be kept short and should be made as wide as possible. The LTC1410 has differential inputs to minimize noise coupling. Common mode noise on the + AIN and – AIN leads will be rejected by the input CMRR. The – AIN input can be used as a ground sense for the + AIN input; the LTC1410 will hold and convert the difference voltage between + AIN and – AIN. The leads to + AIN (Pin 1) and – AIN (Pin 2) should be kept as short as possible. In applications where this is not possible, the + AIN and – AIN traces should be run side by side to equalize coupling. A single point analog ground separate from the logic system ground should be established with an analog ground plane at Pin 5 (AGND) or as close as possible to the ADC. Pin 14 and Pin 19 (ADC’s DGND) and all other analog grounds should be connected to this single analog ground point. No other digital grounds should be connected to this analog ground point. Low impedance analog and digital power supply common returns are essential to low noise operation of the ADC and the foil width for these tracks should be as wide as possible. In applications where the ADC data outputs and control signals are connected to a continuously active microprocessor bus, it is possible to get errors in the conversion results. These errors are due to feedthrough from the microprocessor to the successive approximation comparator. The problem can be eliminated by forcing the microprocessor into a wait state during conversion or by using three-state buffers to isolate the ADC data bus. DIGITAL INTERFACE The A/D converter is designed to interface with microprocessors as a memory mapped device. The CS and RD control inputs are common to all peripheral memory interfacing. A separate CONVST is used to initiate a conversion. Internal Clock The A/D converter has an internal clock that eliminates the need of synchronization between the external clock and the CS and RD signals found in other ADCs. The internal clock is factory trimmed to achieve a typical conversion time of 0.65µs and a maximum conversion time over the full operating temperature range of 0.75µs. No external adjustments are required. The guaranteed maximum acquisition time is 100ns. In addition, throughput time of 800ns and a minimum sampling rate of 1.25Msps is guaranteed. 1 + AIN – AIN REFCOMP 4 AGND ANALOG INPUT CIRCUITRY + – 2 10µF 0.1µF Figure 11. Power Supply Grounding Practice 12 U W U U LTC1410 VSS 26 10µF 0.1µF 10µF AVDD DVDD DGND OGND 28 27 0.1µF 14 19 DIGITAL SYSTEM 1410 F11 LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Power Shutdown The LTC1410 provides two power shutdown modes, Nap and Sleep, to save power during inactive periods. The Nap mode reduces the power by 95% and leaves only the digital logic and reference powered up. The wake-up time from Nap to active is 200ns. In Sleep mode all bias currents are shut down and only leakage current remains –– about 1µA. Wake-up time from Sleep mode is NAP/SLP t3 SHDN 1410 F12a Figure 12a. NAP/SLP to SHDN Timing SHDN t4 CONVST 1410 F12b Figure 12b. SHDN to CONVST Wake-Up Timing much slower since the reference circuit must power up and settle to 0.01% for full 12-bit accuracy. Sleep mode wake-up time is dependent on the value of the capacitor connected to the REFCOMP (Pin 4). The wake-up time is 10ms with the recommended 10µF capacitor. Shutdown is controlled by Pin 21 (SHDN), the ADC is in shutdown when it is low. The shutdown mode is selected with Pin 20 (NAP/SLP); high selects Nap. CS t2 CONVST t1 RD 1410 F12 Figure 13. CS to CONVST Setup Timing U W U U Timing and Control Conversion start and data read operations are controlled by three digital inputs: CONVST, CS and RD. A logic “0” applied to the CONVST pin will start a conversion after the ADC has been selected (i.e., CS is low). Once initiated, it cannot be restarted until the conversion is complete. Converter status is indicated by the BUSY output. BUSY is low during a conversion. Figures 14 through 18 show several different modes of operation. In modes 1a and 1b (Figures 14 and 15) CS and RD are both tied low. The falling edge of CONVST starts the conversion. The data outputs are always enabled and data can be latched with the BUSY rising edge. Mode 1a shows operation with a narrow logic low CONVST pulse. Mode 1b shows a narrow logic high CONVST pulse. In mode 2 (Figure 16) CS is tied low. The falling edge of CONVST signal again starts the conversion. Data outputs are in three-state until read by the MPU with the RD signal. Mode 2 can be used for operation with a shared MPU databus. In slow memory and ROM modes (Figures 17 and 18) CS is tied low and CONVST and RD are tied together. The MPU starts the conversion and reads the output with the RD signal. Conversions are started by the MPU or DSP (no external sample clock). In slow memory mode the processor applies a logic low to RD (= CONVST), starting the conversion. BUSY goes low forcing the processor into a wait state. The previous conversion result appears on the data outputs. When the conversion is complete, the new conversion results appear on the data outputs; BUSY goes high releasing the processor and the processor takes RD (= CONVST) back high and reads the new conversion data. In ROM mode, the processor takes RD (= CONVST) low, starting a conversion and reading the previous conversion result. After the conversion is complete, the processor can read the new result and initiate another conversion. 13 LTC1410 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION CS = RD = 0 t5 CONVST t6 BUSY t7 DATA DATA (N – 1) DB11 TO DB0 DATA N DB11 TO DB0 DATA (N + 1) DB11 TO DB0 1410 F14 Figure 14. Mode 1a. CONVST Starts a Conversion. Data Outputs Always Enabled (CONVST = CS = RD = 0 t13 CONVST t6 BUSY tCONV t5 DATA DATA (N – 1) DB11 TO DB0 Figure 15. Mode 1b. CONVST Starts a Conversion. Data Outputs Always Enabled (CONVST = ) tCONV t5 CONVST t6 BUSY t9 RD t 10 DATA Figure 16. Mode 2. CONVST Starts a Conversion. Data is Read by RD 14 U W U U t CONV t8 ) t8 t6 t7 DATA N DB11 TO DB0 DATA (N + 1) DB11 TO DB0 1410 F15 t13 t8 t 12 t 11 DATA N DB11 TO DB0 1410 F16 LTC1410 APPLICATI S I FOR ATIO t CONV RD = CONVST t6 BUSY t 10 DATA DATA (N – 1) DB11 TO DB0 t7 DATA N DB11 TO DB0 DATA N DB11 TO DB0 DATA (N + 1) DB11-DB0 1410 F17 Figure 17. Slow Memory Mode Timing t CONV RD = CONVST t6 BUSY t 10 DATA DATA (N – 1) DB11 TO DB0 DATA N DB11 TO DB0 1410 F18 t 11 Figure 18. ROM Mode Timing PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. G Package 28-Lead Plastic SSOP (0.209) (LTC DWG # 05-08-1640) 0.397 – 0.407* (10.07 – 10.33) 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 0.205 – 0.212** (5.20 – 5.38) 0° – 8° 0.005 – 0.009 (0.13 – 0.22) 0.022 – 0.037 (0.55 – 0.95) *DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE **DIMENSIONS DO NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representation that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights. U t8 t 11 W U U UO t8 0.301 – 0.311 (7.65 – 7.90) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0.068 – 0.078 (1.73 – 1.99) 0.0256 (0.65) BSC 0.010 – 0.015 (0.25 – 0.38) 0.002 – 0.008 (0.05 – 0.21) G28 SSOP 0694 15 LTC1410 PACKAGE DESCRIPTIO U Dimensions in inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted. SW Package 28-Lead Plastic Small Outline (Wide 0.300) (LTC DWG # 05-08-1620) 0.697 – 0.712* (17.70 – 18.08) 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 NOTE 1 0.394 – 0.419 (10.007 – 10.643) 0.291 – 0.299** (7.391 – 7.595) 0.010 – 0.029 × 45° (0.254 – 0.737) 0° – 8° TYP 1 0.093 – 0.104 (2.362 – 2.642) 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 0.037 – 0.045 (0.940 – 1.143) 0.009 – 0.013 (0.229 – 0.330) NOTE 1 0.016 – 0.050 (0.406 – 1.270) 0.050 (1.270) TYP NOTE: 1. PIN 1 IDENT, NOTCH ON TOP AND CAVITIES ON THE BOTTOM OF PACKAGES ARE THE MANUFACTURING OPTIONS. THE PART MAY BE SUPPLIED WITH OR WITHOUT ANY OF THE OPTIONS *DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. MOLD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.006" (0.152mm) PER SIDE **DIMENSION DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH. INTERLEAD FLASH SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.010" (0.254mm) PER SIDE 0.014 – 0.019 (0.356 – 0.482) TYP 0.004 – 0.012 (0.102 – 0.305) S28 (WIDE) 0996 RELATED PARTS 12-Bit Sampling A/D Converters PART NUMBER LTC1273/75/76 LTC1274/77 LTC1278/79 LTC1282 DESCRIPTION Complete 5V Sampling 12-Bit ADCs with 70dB SINAD at Nyquist Low Power 12-Bit ADCs with Nap and Sleep Mode Shutdown High Speed Sampling 12-Bit ADCs with Shutdown Complete 3V 12-Bit ADCs with 12mW Power Dissipation COMMENTS Lower Power and Cost Effective for fSAMPLE ≤ 300ksps Lowest Power for fSAMPLE ≤ 100ksps Cost Effective 12-Bit ADCs –– Best for 2-Pair HDSL, fSAMPLE ≤ 500ksps/600ksps Fully Specified for 3V-Powered Applications, fSAMPLE ≤ 140ksps 16 Linear Technology Corporation 1630 McCarthy Blvd., Milpitas, CA 95035-7417 (408)432-1900 q FAX: (408) 434-0507 q www.linear-tech.com 1410fa LT/TP 0399 2K REV A • PRINTED IN USA © LINEAR TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION 1995