LTC693CS-TRPBF

LTC692/LTC693 Microprocessor Supervisory Circuits FEATURES n n n n n n n n n n n n n DESCRIPTION ® UL Recognized Guaranteed Reset Assertion at VCC = 1V 1.5mA Maximum Supply Current Fast (35ns Maximum) Onboard Gating of RAM Chip Enable Signals 4.40V Precision Voltage Monitor Power OK/Reset Time Delay: 200ms or Adjustable Minimum External Component Count 1μA Maximum Standby Current Voltage Monitor for Power Fail or Low-Battery Warning Thermal Limiting Performance Specified Over Temperature Superior Upgrade for MAX690 Family SO8 and SO16 Packaging The LTC®692/LTC693 provide complete power supply monitoring and battery control functions for microprocessor reset, battery backup, CMOS RAM write protection, power failure warning and watchdog timing. A precise internal voltage reference and comparator circuit monitor the power supply line. When an out-of-tolerance condition occurs, the reset outputs are forced to active states and the chip enable output unconditionally write-protects external memory. In addition, the RESET output is guaranteed to remain logic low even with VCC as low as 1V. The LTC692/LTC693 power the active CMOS RAMs with a charge-pumped NMOS power switch to achieve low dropout and low supply current. When primary power is lost, auxiliary power, connected to the battery input pin, powers the RAMs in standby through an efficient PMOS switch. For an early warning of impending power failure, the LTC692/LTC693 provide an internal comparator with a user-defined threshold. An internal watchdog timer is also available, which forces the reset pins to active states when the watchdog input is not toggled prior to a preset time-out period. L, LT, LTC and LTM are registered trademarks of Linear Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. APPLICATIONS n n n n Critical μP Power Monitoring Intelligent Instruments Battery-Powered Computers and Controllers Automotive Systems TYPICAL APPLICATION RESET Output Voltage vs Supply Voltage 5 VIN ≥ 7.5V LT1086-5 VIN ADJ VOUT 5V TA = 25°C EXTERNAL PULL-UP = 10μA VBATT = 0V + 10μF + 100μF VCC 0.1μF LTC692 LTC693 VBATT 3V VOUT 0.1μF POWER TO μP CMOS RAM POWER μP SYSTEM μP RESET μP NMI I/O LINE 692_3 • TA01 RESET OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4 3 51k PFI 10k MICROPROCESSOR RESET, BATTERY BACKUP, POWER FAILURE WARNING AND WATCHDOG TIMING ARE ALL IN A SINGLE CHIP FOR MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS GND RESET PFO WDI 0.1μF 2 1 100Ω 0 0 1 3 4 2 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 692_3 • TA02 5 0692fa 1 LTC692/LTC693 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Notes 1, 2) Terminal Voltage VCC ...................................................... –0.3V to 6.0V VBATT ................................................... –0.3V to 6.0V All Other Inputs ..................... –0.3V to (VOUT + 0.3V) Input Current VCC ................................................................. 200mA VBATT ................................................................ 50mA GND ................................................................. 20mA VOUT Output Current ................. Short-Circuit Protected Power Dissipation ............................................. 500mW Operating Temperature Range LTC692C/LTC693C ................................. 0°C to 70°C LTC692I .............................................. –40°C to 85°C Storage Temperature Range ................. –65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) ................ 300°C PIN CONFIGURATION TOP VIEW TOP VIEW VOUT 1 VCC 2 GND 3 PFI 4 N8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PDIP 8 7 6 5 VBATT RESET WDI PFO VBATT VOUT VCC GND BATT ON LOW LINE OSC IN OSC SEL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 RESET 15 RESET 14 WDO 13 CE IN 12 CE OUT 11 WDI 10 PFO 9 PFI S8 PACKAGE 8-LEAD PLASTIC SO TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 130°C/W (N) TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 180°C/W (S) S8 PACKAGE CONDITIONS: PCB MOUNT ON FR4 MATERIAL, STILL AIR AT 25°C, COPPER TRACE N PACKAGE 16-LEAD PDIP SW PACKAGE 16-LEAD PLASTIC SO TJMAX = 110°C, θJA = 130°C/W S16 PACKAGE CONDITIONS: PCB MOUNT ON FR4 MATERIAL, STILL AIR AT 25°C, COPPER TRACE ORDER INFORMATION LEAD FREE FINISH LTC692CN8#PBF LTC692CS8#PBF LTC692IS8#PBF LTC693CN#PBF LTC693CS#PBF TAPE AND REEL LTC692CN8#TRPBF LTC692CS8#TRPBF LTC692IS8#TRPBF LTC693CN#TRPBF LTC693CS#TRPBF PART MARKING LTC692CN8 692 692I LTC693CN LTC693CS PACKAGE DESCRIPTION 8-Lead Plastic DIP 8-Lead Plastic SO 8-Lead Plastic SO 16-Lead Plastic DIP 16-Lead Plastic SO TEMPERATURE RANGE 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C –40°C to 85°C 0°C to 70°C 0°C to 70°C Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based finish parts. For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/ For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/ 0692fa 2 LTC692/LTC693 PRODUCT SELECTION GUIDE PINS LTC692 LTC693 LTC690 LTC691 LTC694 LTC695 LTC699 LTC1232 LTC1235 LTC694-3.3 LTC695-3.3 8 16 8 16 8 16 8 8 16 8 16 RESET THRESHOLD (V) 4.40 4.40 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.65 4.37/4.62 4.65 2.90 2.90 WATCHDOG TIMER X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X BATTERY BACKUP X X X X X X POWER FAIL WARNING X X X X X X X X X RAM WRITE PROTECT PUSHBUTTON RESET CONDITIONAL BATTERY BACKUP ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER Battery Backup Switching Operating Voltage Range VCC VBATT VOUT Output Voltage IOUT = 1mA IOUT = 50mA VOUT in Battery Backup Mode Supply Current (Exclude IOUT) Supply Current in Battery Backup Mode Battery Standby Current (+ = Discharge, – = Charge) Battery Switchover Threshold VCC – VBATT Battery Switchover Hysteresis BATT ON Output Votlage (Note 4) BATT ON Output Short-Circuit Current (Note 4) Reset and Watchdog Timer Reset Voltage Threshold Reset Threshold Hysteresis Reset Active Time (Note 5) ISINK = 3.2mA CONDITIONS The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = full operating range, VBATT = 2.8V, unless otherwise noted. MIN TYP MAX UNITS 4.50 2.00 l 5.50 4.00 VCC – 0.005 VCC – 0.005 VCC – 0.250 VBATT – 0.02 0.6 0.6 0.04 0.04 1.5 2.5 1 5 0.02 0.10 70 50 20 0.4 V V V V V V mA mA μA μA μA μA mV mV mV V mA μA V mV ms ms VCC – 0.05 VCC – 0.10 VCC – 0.50 VBATT – 0.1 IOUT = 250μA, VCC < VBATT IOUT ≤ 50mA VCC = 0V, VBATT = 2.8V 5.5V > VCC > VBATT + 0.2V Power Up Power Down l l l –0.1 –1.0 BATT ON = VOUT, Sink Current BATT ON = 0V, Source Current l 0.5 4.25 160 140 35 1 4.40 40 200 200 25 4.50 240 280 OSC SEL High, VCC = 5V l 0692fa 3 LTC692/LTC693 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER Watchdog Time-Out Period, Internal Oscillator CONDITIONS Long Period, VCC = 5V Short Period, VCC = 5V Watchdog Time-Out Period, External Clock (Note 6) Reset Active Time PSRR Watchdog Time-Out Period PSRR, Internal OSC Minimum WDI Input Pulse Width RESET Output Voltage at VCC = 1V RESET and LOW LINE Output Voltage (Note 4) RESET and WDO Output Voltage (Note 4) RESET, RESET, WDO, LOW LINE Output Short-Circuit Current (Note 4) WDI Input Threshold WDI Input Current Power-Fail Detector PFI Input Threshold PFI Input Threshold PSRR PFI Input Current PFO Output Voltage (Note 4) PFO Short-Circuit Source Current (Note 4) PFI Comparator Response Time (Falling) PFI Comparator Response Time (Rising) (Note 4) Chip Enable Gating CE IN Threshold CE IN Pull-Up Current (Note 7) CE OUT Output Voltage ISINK = 3.2mA ISOURCE = 3mA ISOURCE = 1μA, VCC = 0V VCC = 5V, CL = 20pF Output Source Current Output Sink Current l l l The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = full operating range, VBATT = 2.8V, unless otherwise noted. MIN 1.2 1.0 80 70 4032 960 1 1 VIL = 0.4V, VIH = 3.5V ISINK = 10μA, VCC = 1V ISINK = 1.6mA, VCC = 4.25V ISOURCE = 1μA, VCC = 5V ISINK = 1.6mA, VCC = 5V ISOURCE = 1μA, VCC = 4.25V Output Source Current Output Sink Current Logic Low Logic High WDI = VOUT WDI = 0V VCC = 5V l l l l TYP 1.6 1.6 100 100 MAX 2.00 2.25 120 140 4097 1025 UNITS sec sec ms ms Clock Cycles ms/V ms/V ns Long Period Short Period 200 4 3.5 0.4 3.5 1 3 25 25 0.8 3.5 –50 1.25 4 –8 1.3 0.3 ±0.01 ±25 0.4 3.5 1 3 25 2 40 8 0.8 2.0 3 0.4 VOUT – 1.50 VOUT – 0.05 20 20 30 35 35 45 25 50 200 0.4 mV V V V V μA mA V V μA μA V mV/V nA V V μA mA μs μs μs V V μA V V V ns ns mA mA 1.35 ISINK = 3.2mA ISOURCE = 1μA PFI = High, PFO = 0V PFI = Low, PFO = VOUT ΔVIN = –20mV, VOD = 15mV ΔVIN = 20mV, VOD = 15mV with 10kΩ Pull-Up VIL VIH CE Propagation Delay CE OUT Output Short-Circuit Current 0692fa 4 LTC692/LTC693 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS PARAMETER Oscillator OSC IN Input Current (Note 7) OSC SEL Input Pull-Up Current (Note 7) OSC IN Frequency Range OSC IN Frequency with External Capacitor OSC SEL = 0V OSC SEL = 0V, COSC = 47pF l The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VCC = full operating range, VBATT = 2.8V, unless otherwise noted. CONDITIONS MIN TYP ±2 5 0 4 250 MAX UNITS μA μA kHz kHz Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device reliability and lifetime. Note 2: All voltage values are with respect to GND. Note 3: For military temperature range, consult the factory. Note 4: The output pins of BATT ON, LOW LINE, PFO, WDO, RESET and RESET have weak internal pull-ups of typically 3μA. However, external pull-up resistors may be used when higher speed is required. Note 5: The LTC692/LTC693 have minimum reset active times of 140ms (200ms typically). The reset active time of the LTC693 can be adjusted (see Table 2 in Applications Information Section). Note 6: The external clock feeding into the circuit passes through the oscillator before clocking the watchdog timer (See Block Diagram). Variation in the time-out period is caused by phase errors which occur when the oscillator divides the external clock by 64. The resulting variation in the time-out period is 64 clocks plus one clock of jitter. Note 7: The input pins of CE IN, OSC IN and OSC SEL have weak internal pull-ups which pull to the supply when the input pins are floating. 0692fa 5 LTC692/LTC693 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS VOUT vs IOUT 5.00 VCC = 5V VBATT = 2.8V TA = 25°C OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.80 VOUT vs IOUT VCC = 0V VBATT = 2.8V TA = 25°C 1.308 1.306 PFI INPUT THRESHOLD (V) 1.304 1.302 1.300 1.298 1.296 Power Failure Input Threshold vs Temperature VCC = 5V 4.95 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 4.90 SLOPE = 5Ω 4.85 2.78 SLOPE = 125Ω 2.76 4.80 2.74 4.75 0 10 30 40 20 LOAD CURRENT (mA) 50 2.72 0 100 300 400 200 LOAD CURRENT (μA) 500 1.294 –50 –25 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 692_3 • TPC01 692_3 • TPC02 692_3 • TPC03 Reset Active Time vs Temperature 232 224 RESET ACTIVE TIME 216 208 200 192 184 –50 –25 VCC = 5V RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD (V) 4.41 4.40 4.39 4.38 4.37 4.36 Reset Voltage Threshold vs Temperature PFO OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Power-Fail Comparator Response Time VCC = 5V TA = 25°C VPFI 1.3V + – PFO 30pF 1.305V 1.285V VPFI = 20mV STEP 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 4.35 –50 –25 50 25 75 0 TEMPERATURE (°C) 100 125 0 1 2 345 TIME (μs) 6 7 8 692_3 • TPC06 692_3 • TPC04 692_3 • TPC05 Power-Fail Comparator Response Time PFO OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) PFO OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VPFI 1.3V + – PFO 30pF Power-Fail Comparator Response Time with Pull-Up Resistor 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 5V VPFI 1.3V + – PFO 10k 30pF VCC = 5V TA = 25°C VCC = 5V TA = 25°C 1.315V 1.295V 0 VPFI = 20mV STEP 1.315V 1.295V 0 2 VPFI = 20mV STEP 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 TIME (μs) 692_3 • TPC07 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 TIME (μs) 692_3 • TPC08 0692fa 6 LTC692/LTC693 PIN FUNCTIONS BATT ON: Battery On Logic Output from Comparator C2. BATT ON goes low when VOUT is internally connected to VCC. The output typically sinks 35mA and can provide base drive for an external PNP transistor to increase the output current above the 50mA rating of VOUT. BATT ON goes high when VOUT is internally switched to VBATT . CE IN: Logic Input to the Chip Enable Gating Circuit. CE IN can be derived from microprocessor’s address line and/or decoder output. See Applications Information section and Figure 5 for additional information. CE OUT : Logic Output on the Chip Enable Gating Circuit. When VCC is above the reset voltage threshold, CE OUT is a buffered replica of CE IN. When VCC is below the reset voltage threshold CE OUT is forced high (see Figure 5). GND: Ground Pin. LOW LINE: Logic Output from Comparator C1. LOW LINE indicates a low line condition at the VCC input. When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold (4.40V typically), LOW LINE goes low. As soon as VCC rises above the reset voltage threshold, LOW LINE returns high (see Figure 1). LOW LINE goes low when VCC drops below VBATT (see Table 1). OSC IN: Oscillator Input. OSC IN can be driven by an external clock signal or an external capacitor can be connected between OSC IN and GND when OSC SEL is forced low. In this configuration the nominal reset active time and watchdog time-out period are determined by the number of clocks or set by the formula (see Applications Information section). When OSC SEL is high or floating, the internal oscillator is enabled and the reset active time is fixed at 200ms typical. OSC IN selects between the 1.6 seconds and 100ms typical watchdog time-out periods. In both cases the time-out period immediately after a reset is 1.6 seconds typical. OSC SEL: Oscillator Selection Input. When OSC SEL is high or floating, the internal oscillator sets the reset active time and watchdog time-out period. Forcing OSC SEL low allows OSC IN to be driven from an external clock signal or an external capacitor to be connected between OSC IN and GND. PFI: Power Failure Input. PFI is the noninverting input to the power-fail comparator, C3. The inverting input is internally connected to a 1.3V reference. The power failure output remains high when PFI is above 1.3V and goes low when PFI is below 1.3V. Connect PFI to GND or VOUT when C3 is not used. PFO: Power Failure Output from C3. PFO remains high when PFI is above 1.3V and goes low when PFI is below 1.3V. When VCC is lower than VBATT , C3 is shut down and PFO is forced low. RESET: Logic Output for μP Reset Control. Whenever VCC falls below either the reset voltage threshold (4.40V typically) or VBATT, RESET goes active low. After VCC returns to 5V, reset pulse generator forces RESET to remain active low for a minimum of 140ms. When the watchdog timer is enabled but not serviced prior to a preset time-out period, reset pulse generator also forces RESET to active low for a minimum of 140ms for every preset time-out period (see Figure 11). The reset active time is adjustable on the LTC693. An external pushbutton reset can be used in connection with the RESET output. See Pushbutton Reset in the Applications Information section. RESET: RESET is an Active High Logic Ouput. It is the inverse of RESET. VBATT : Backup Battery Input. When VCC falls below VBATT , auxiliary power connected to VBATT is delivered to VOUT through PMOS switch, M2. If backup battery or auxiliary power is not used, VBATT should be connected to GND. VCC: 5V Supply Input. The VCC pin should be bypassed with a 0.1μF capacitor. VOUT : Voltage Output for Backed-Up Memory. Bypass with a capacitor of 0.1μF or greater. During normal operation, VOUT obtains power from VCC through an NMOS power switch, M1, which can deliver up to 50mA and has a typical on resistance of 5Ω. When VCC is lower than VBATT, VOUT is internally switched to VBATT. If VOUT and VBATT are not used, connect VOUT to VCC. 0692fa 7 LTC692/LTC693 PIN FUNCTIONS WDI: Watchdog Input. WDI is a three level input. Driving WDI either high or low for longer than the watchdog timeout period, forces both RESET and WDO low. Floating WDI disables the watchdog timer. The timer resets itself with each transition of the watchdog input (see Figure 11). WDO: Watchdog Logic Output. When the watchdog input remains either high or low for longer than the watchdog time-out period, WDO goes low. WDO is set high whenever there is a transition on the WDI pin, or LOW LINE goes low. The watchdog timer can be disabled by floating WDI (see Figure 11). BLOCK DIAGRAM VBATT VCC M2 M1 VOUT CHARGE PUMP – C2 + + – 1.3V BATT ON LOW LINE C1 CE OUT CE IN GND PFI OSC IN OSC OSC SEL – C3 + RESET PULSE GENERATOR PFO RESET RESET WDO LTC692/3 • BD WDI TRANSITION DETECTOR WATCHDOG TIMER 0692fa 8 LTC692/LTC693 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION Microprocessor Reset The LTC692/LTC693 use a bandgap voltage reference and a precision voltage comparator C1 to monitor the 5V supply input on VCC (see Block Diagram). When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold, the RESET output is forced to active low state. The reset voltage threshold accounts for a 10% variation on VCC, so the RESET output becomes active low when VCC falls below 4.50V (4.40V typical). On power-up, the RESET signal is held active low for a minimum of 140ms after reset voltage threshold is reached to allow the power supply and microprocessor to stabilize. The reset active time is adjustable on the LTC693. On power down, the RESET signal remains active low even with VCC as low as 1V. This capability helps hold the microprocessor in stable shutdown condition. Figure 1 shows the timing diagram of the RESET signal. The precision voltage comparator, C1, typically has 40mV of hysteresis which ensures that glitches at the VCC pin do not activate the RESET output. Response time is typically 10μs. To help prevent mistriggering due to transient loads, VCC pin should be bypassed with a 0.1μF capacitor with the leads trimmed as short as possible. The LTC693 has two additional outputs: RESET and LOW LINE. RESET is an active high output and is the inverse of RESET. LOW LINE is the output of the precision voltage comparator, C1. When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold, LOW LINE goes low. LOW LINE returns high as soon as VCC rises above the reset voltage threshold. Battery Switchover The battery switchover circuit compares VCC to the VBATT input, and connects VOUT to whichever is higher. When VCC rises to 70mV above VBATT, the battery switchover comparator, C2, connects VOUT to VCC through a charge pumped NMOS power switch, M1. When VCC falls to 50mV above VBATT , C2 connects VOUT to VBATT through a PMOS switch, M2. C2 has typically 20mV of hysteresis to prevent spurious switching when VCC remains nearly equal to VBATT. The response time of C2 is approximately 20μs. During normal operation, the LTC692/LTC693 use a charge pumped NMOS power switch to achieve low dropout and low supply current. This power switch can deliver up to 50mA to VOUT from VCC and has a typical “on” resistance of 5Ω. The VOUT pin should be bypassed with a capacitor of 0.1μF or greater to ensure stability. Use of a larger bypass capacitor is advantageous for supplying current to heavy transient loads. When operating currents larger than 50mA are required from VOUT, or a lower dropout (VCC – VOUT voltage differential) is desired, the LTC693 should be used. This product provides BATT ON output to drive the base of the external PNP transistor (Figure 2). If higher currents are needed with the LTC692, a high current Schottky diode can be connected from the VCC pin to the VOUT pin to supply the extra current. V2 VCC V1 V2 V1 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD V2 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD + RESET THRESHOLD HYSTERESIS V1 RESET t1 t1 t1 = RESET ACTIVE TIME LOW LINE 692_3 • F01 Figure 1. Reset Active Time 0692fa 9 LTC692/LTC693 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION ANY PNP POWER TRANSISTOR I= VOUT – VBATT R R 5V 0.1μF 0.1μF VCC VOUT 0.1μF 5 5V 0.1μF 1 3V 3 BATT ON 2 VOUT VCC LTC693 VBATT GND 4 692_3 • F02 692_3 • F03 LTC692 LTC693 VBATT 3V GND Figure 2. Using BATT ON to Drive External PNP Transisitor Figure 3. Charging External Battery Through VOUT The LTC692/LTC693 are protected for safe area operation with a short-circuit limit. Output current is limited to approximately 200mA. If the device is overloaded for long periods of time, thermal shutdown turns the power switch off until the device cools down. The threshhold temperature for thermal shutdown is approximately 155°C with about 10°C of hysteresis which prevents the device from oscillating in and out of shutdown. The PNP switch used in competitive devices was not chosen for the internal power switch because it injects unwanted current into the substrate. This current is collected by the VBATT pin in competitive devices and adds to the charging current of the battery which can damage lithium batteries. The LTC692/LTC693 use a charge-pumped NMOS power switch to eliminate unwanted charging current while achieving low dropout and low supply current. Since no current goes to the substrate, the current collected by the VBATT pin is strictly junction leakage. A 125Ω PMOS switch connects the VBATT input to VOUT in battery backup mode. The switch is designed for very low dropout voltage (input-to-output differential). This feature is advantageous for low current applications such as battery backup in CMOS RAM and other low power CMOS circuitry. The supply current in battery backup mode is 1μA maximum. The operating voltage at the VBATT pin ranges from 2.0V to 4.0V. High value capacitors, such as electrolytic or faradsize double layer capacitors, can be used for short-term memory backup instead of a battery. The charging resistor for the rechargeable batteries should be connected to VOUT since this eliminates the discharge path that exists when the resistor is connected to VCC (Figure 3). Replacing the Backup Battery When changing the backup battery with system power on, spurious resets can occur while the battery is removed due to battery standby current. Although battery standby current is only a tiny leakage current, it can still charge up the stray capacitance on the VBATT pin. The oscillation cycle is as follows: When VBATT reaches within 50mV of VCC, the LTC692/LTC693 switch to battery backup. VOUT pulls VBATT low and the devices go back to normal operation. The leakage current then charges up the VBATT pin again and the cycle repeats. If spurious resets during battery replacement pose no problems, then no action is required. Otherwise, a resistor from VBATT to GND will hold the pin low while changing the battery. For example, the battery standby current is 1μA maximum over temperature and the external resistor required to hold VBATT below VCC is: R≤ VCC – 50mV 1μA With VCC = 4.25V, a 3.9M resistor will work. With a 3V battery, this resistor will draw only 0.77μA from the battery, which is negligible in most cases. 0692fa 10 LTC692/LTC693 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION If battery connections are made through long wires, a 10Ω to 100Ω series resistor and a 0.1μF capacitor are recommended to prevent any overshoot beyond VCC due to the lead inductance (Figure 4). Table 1 shows the state of each pin during battery backup. When the battery switchover section is not used, connect VBATT to GND and VOUT to VCC. 10Ω VBATT 3.9M 0.1μF LTC692 LTC693 Table 1. Input and Output Status in Battery Backup Mode SIGNAL VCC VOUT VBATT BATT ON PFI PFO RESET RESET WDI WDO CE IN CE OUT OSC IN OSC SEL STATUS C2 monitors VCC for active switchover VOUT is connected to VBATT through an internal PMOS switch The supply current is 1μA maximum Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT Power failure input is ignored Logic low Logic low Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT Watchdog input is ignored Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT Chip Enable input is ignored Logic high. The open-circuit output voltage is equal to VOUT OSC IN is ignored OSC SEL is ignored LOW LINE Logic low GND 692_3 • F04 Figure 4. 10Ω/0.1μF Combination Eliminates Inductive Overshoot and Prevents Spurious Resets During Battery Replacement Memory Protection The LTC693 includes memory protection circuitry which ensures the integrity of the data in memory by preventing write operations when VCC is at an invalid level. Two additional pins, CE IN and CE OUT, control the Chip Enable or Write inputs of CMOS RAM. When VCC is 5V, CE OUT follows CE IN with a typical propagation delay of 20ns. When VCC falls below the reset voltage threshold or VBATT, CE OUT is forced high, independent of CE IN. CE OUT is an alternative signal to drive the CE, CS, or Write input of V2 V1 battery backed up CMOS RAM. CE OUT can also be used to drive the Store or Write input of an EEPROM, EAROM or NOVRAM to achieve similar protection. Figure 5 shows the timing diagram of CE IN and CE OUT. CE IN can be derived from the microprocessor’s address decoder output. Figure 6 shows a typical nonvolatile CMOS RAM application. Memory protection can also be achieved with the LTC692 by using RESET as shown in Figure 7. VCC V1 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD V2 = RESET VOLTAGE THRESHOLD + RESET THRESHOLD HYSTERESIS CE IN CE OUT VOUT = VBATT VOUT = VBATT 692_3 • F05 Figure 5. Timing Diagram for CE IN and CE OUT 0692fa 11 LTC692/LTC693 APPLICATIONS INFORMATION 5V 0.1μF VCC VOUT + 10μF VCC 0.1μF 62512 RAM CS GND LTC693 CE OUT VBATT CE IN RESET RESET TO μP 20ns PROPAGATION DELAY FROM DECODER 3V GND 692_3 • F06 Figure 6. A Typical Nonvolatile CMOS RAM Application 5V 0.1μF VCC VOUT + 10μF VCC 0.1μF CS 62128 RAM CS1 CS2 GND LTC692 VBATT 3V RESET GND 692_3 • F07 Figure 7. Write Protect for RAM with the LTC692 Power Fail Warning The LTC692/LTC693 generate a power failure output (PFO) for early warning of failure in the microprocessor’s power supply. This is accomplished by comparing the power failure input (PFI) with an internal 1.3V reference. PFO goes low when the voltage at the PFI pin is less than 1.3V. Typically PFI is driven by an external voltage divider (R1 and R2 in Figures 8 and 9) which senses either an unregulated DC input or a regulated 5V output. The voltage divider ratio can be chosen such that the voltage at the PFI pin falls below 1.3V, several milliseconds before the 5V supply falls below the maximum reset voltage threshold of 4.50V. PFO is normally used to interrupt the microprocessor to execute shutdown procedure between PFO and RESET or RESET. The power fail comparator, C3, does not have hysteresis. Hysteresis can be added however, by connecting a resistor between the PFO output and the noninverting PFI input pin as shown in Figures 8 and 9. The upper and lower trip points in the comparator are established as follows: When PFO output is low, R3 sinks current from the summing junction at the PFI pin. ⎛ R1 R1⎞ VH = 1.3V ⎜ 1+ + ⎝ R2 R3 ⎟ ⎠ When PFO output is high, the series combination of R3 and R4 source current into the PFI summing junction. ⎛ R1 (5V – 1.3V)R1⎞ VL = 1.3V ⎜ 1+ – ⎝ R2 1.3V(R3 + R4) ⎟ ⎠ Assuming R4