71M6543G

19-5375; Rev 1.2; 4/11 A Maxim Integrated Products Brand 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Energy Meter ICs DATA SHEET April 2011 GENERAL DESCRIPTION The 71M6543F, 71M6543H, 71M6543G, and 71M6543GH are Teridian’s 4th-generation polyphase metering systems-on-chips (SoCs) with a 5MHz 8051-compatible MPU core, low-power realtime clock (RTC) with digital temperature compensation, flash memory, and LCD driver. Our Single Converter Technology® with a 22-bit delta-sigma ADC, seven analog inputs, digital metrology temperature compensation, precision voltage reference, and a 32bit computation engine (CE) supports a wide range of metering applications with very few external components. The 71M6543F, 71M6543H, 71M6543G and 71M6543GH support optional interfaces to the 71M6xx3 series of isolated sensors that offer BOM cost reduction, immunity to magnetic tamper, and enhanced reliability. The ICs feature ultra-low-power operation in active and battery modes, 5KB shared RAM, and 64KB (71M6543F, 71M6543H) or 128KB (71M6543G, 71M6543GH) of flash memory, which can be programmed with code and/or data during meter operation. High processing and sampling rates combined with differential inputs offer a powerful metering platform for commercial and industrial meters with up to class 0.2 accuracy (71M6543H, 71M6543GH). A complete array of code development tools, demonstration code, and reference designs enable rapid development and certification of meters that meet all ANSI and IEC electricity metering standards worldwide. C NEUTRAL B A FEATURES • 0.1% Accuracy Over 2000:1 Current Range • Exceeds IEC 62053/ANSI C12.20 Standards • Seven Sensor Inputs with Neutral Current Measurement, Differential Mode Selectable for Current Inputs • S electable Gain of 1 or 8 for One Current Input to Support Shunts • High-Speed Wh/VARh Pulse Outputs with Programmable Width • 64KB Flash, 5KB RAM (71M6543F/H) • 128KB Flash, 5KB RAM (71M6543G/GH) • Up to Four Pulse Outputs with Pulse Count • Four-Quadrant Metering, Phase Sequencing • Digital Temperature Compensation: Metrology Compensation Accurate RTC for TOU Functions with Automatic Temperature Compensation for Crystal in All Power Modes • Independent 32-Bit Compute Engine • 46-64Hz Line Frequency Range with the Same Calibration • Phase Compensation (±7°) • Three Battery-Backup Modes: Brownout Mode LCD Mode Sleep Mode • W ake-Up on Pin Events and Wake-on-Timer • 1µA in Sleep Mode • Flash Security • In-System Program Update • 8-Bit MPU (80515), Up to 5MIPS • Full-Speed MPU Clock in Brownout Mode • LCD Driver: 6 Common Segment Drivers Up to 56 Selectable Pins • Up to 51 Multifunction DIO Pins • Hardware Watchdog Timer (WDT) • I2C/MICROWIRE™ EEPROM Interface • SPI Interface with Flash Program Capability • Two UARTs for IR and AMR • IR LED Driver with Modulation • Industrial Temperature Range • 100-Pin Lead-Free LQFP Package Shunt Current Sensors LOAD POWER SUPPLY NEUTRAL Note: This system is referenced to Neutral 3x TERIDIAN 71M6xx3 MUX and ADC IADC0 IADC1 }IN* VADC10 (VC) IADC6 IADC7 }IC VADC9 (VB) IADC4 IADC5 }IB VADC8 (VA) IADC2 IADC3 }IA VREF SERIAL PORTS V3P3A V3P3SYS GNDA GNDD 71M6xx3 71M6xx3 Resistor Dividers Pulse Transformers 71M6xx3 TERIDIAN 71M6543F/ 71M6543H/ 71M6543G/ 71M6543GH TEMPERATURE SENSOR PWR MODE CONTROL WAKE-UP REGULATOR VBAT VBAT_RTC BATTERY MONITOR RTC BATTERY BATTERY RAM COMPUTE ENGINE FLASH MEMORY COM0...5 SEG SEG/DIO LCD DRIVER DIO, PULSES DIO LCD DISPLAY AMR TX RX MODUL- RX ATOR TX POWER FAULT COMPARATOR 8888.8888 PULSES, DIO I2C or µWire EEPROM 32 kHz IR MPU RTC TIMERS ICE V3P3D OSCILLATOR/ PLL XIN XOUT 9/17/2010 HOST SPI INTERFACE *IN = Neutral Current Single Converter Technology is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. MICROWIRE is a trademark of National Semiconductor Corp. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 1 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Table of Contents 1 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 10 Hardware Description .................................................................................................................. 11 2.1 Hardware Overview............................................................................................................... 11 2.2 Analog Front-End (AFE) ........................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1 Signal Input Pins ....................................................................................................... 13 2.2.2 Input Multiplexer ........................................................................................................ 14 2.2.3 Delay Compensation ................................................................................................. 19 2.2.4 ADC Pre-Amplifier ..................................................................................................... 20 2.2.5 A/D Converter (ADC) ................................................................................................. 20 2.2.6 FIR Filter ................................................................................................................... 20 2.2.7 Voltage References ................................................................................................... 20 2.2.8 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensor Interface............................................................................ 22 2.3 Digital Computation Engine (CE) ........................................................................................... 25 2.3.1 CE Program Memory ................................................................................................. 25 2.3.2 CE Data Memory ....................................................................................................... 25 2.3.3 CE Communication with the MPU .............................................................................. 25 2.3.4 Meter Equations ........................................................................................................ 26 2.3.5 Real-Time Monitor (RTM) .......................................................................................... 26 2.3.6 Pulse Generators ...................................................................................................... 26 2.3.7 CE Functional Overview ............................................................................................ 28 2.4 80515 MPU Core .................................................................................................................. 30 2.4.1 Memory Organization and Addressing ....................................................................... 30 2.4.2 Special Function Registers (SFRs) ............................................................................ 32 2.4.3 Generic 80515 Special Function Registers ................................................................ 33 2.4.4 Instruction Set ........................................................................................................... 35 2.4.5 80515 Power Reduction Modes ................................................................................. 35 2.4.6 UARTs ...................................................................................................................... 36 2.4.7 Timers and Counters ................................................................................................. 38 2.4.8 W D Timer (Software Watchdog Timer) ...................................................................... 40 2.4.9 Interrupts................................................................................................................... 40 2.5 On-Chip Resources............................................................................................................... 47 2.5.1 Physical Memory ....................................................................................................... 47 2.5.2 Oscillator ................................................................................................................... 49 2.5.3 PLL and Internal Clocks............................................................................................. 50 2.5.4 Real-Time Clock (RTC) ............................................................................................. 51 2.5.5 71M6543 Temperature Sensor .................................................................................. 55 2.5.6 71M6xx3 Temperature Sensor .................................................................................. 56 2.5.7 71M6543 Battery Monitor .......................................................................................... 57 2.5.8 71M6xx3 VCC Monitor .............................................................................................. 57 2.5.9 UART and Optical Interface ....................................................................................... 57 2.5.10 Digital I/O and LCD Segment Drivers......................................................................... 58 2.5.11 EEPROM Interface .................................................................................................... 66 2.5.12 SPI Slave Port ........................................................................................................... 68 2.5.13 Hardware Watchdog Timer ........................................................................................ 72 2.5.14 Test Ports (TMUXOUT and TMUX2OUT Pins)........................................................... 73 Functional Description ................................................................................................................ 75 3 2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 3.1 3.2 Theory of Operation .............................................................................................................. 75 Battery Modes....................................................................................................................... 75 3.2.1 BRN Mode ................................................................................................................ 78 3.2.2 LCD Mode ................................................................................................................. 78 3.2.3 SLP Mode ................................................................................................................. 79 3.3 Fault and Reset Behavior ...................................................................................................... 80 3.3.1 Events at Power-Down .............................................................................................. 80 3.3.2 IC Behavior at Low Battery Voltage ........................................................................... 81 3.3.3 Reset Sequence ........................................................................................................ 81 3.3.4 W atchdog Timer (WDT) Reset ................................................................................... 81 3.4 W ake-Up Behavior ................................................................................................................ 82 3.4.1 W ake on Hardware Events ........................................................................................ 82 3.4.2 W ake on Timer .......................................................................................................... 84 3.5 Data Flow and MPU/CE Communication ............................................................................... 84 Application Information ............................................................................................................... 86 4.1 Connecting 5 V Devices ........................................................................................................ 86 4.2 Directly Connected Sensors .................................................................................................. 86 4.3 Systems Using 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensors and Current Shunts ............................................. 87 4.4 System Using Current Transformers ..................................................................................... 88 4.5 Metrology Temperature Compensation.................................................................................. 89 4.5.1 Distinction Between Standard and High-Precision Parts ............................................ 89 4.5.2 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543F and 71M6543G ..................................... 90 4.5.3 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH .................................. 90 4.5.4 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6xx3................................................................. 90 4.5.5 Temperature Compensation for VREF and Shunt Sensors ........................................ 90 4.5.6 Temperature Compensation of VREF and Current Transformers ............................... 92 4.6 Connecting I2C EEPROMs .................................................................................................... 94 4.7 Connecting Three-Wire EEPROMs ....................................................................................... 94 4.8 UART0 (TX/RX) .................................................................................................................... 94 4.9 Optical Interface (UART1) ..................................................................................................... 94 4.10 Connecting the Reset Pin...................................................................................................... 95 4.11 Connecting the Emulator Port Pins ........................................................................................ 96 4.12 Flash Programming ............................................................................................................... 96 4.12.1 Flash Programming via the ICE Port .......................................................................... 96 4.12.2 Flash Programming via the SPI Port .......................................................................... 96 4.13 MPU Demonstration Code..................................................................................................... 96 4.14 Crystal Oscillator ................................................................................................................... 97 4.15 Meter Calibration................................................................................................................... 97 Firmware Interface ....................................................................................................................... 98 5.1 I/O RAM Map –Functional Order ........................................................................................... 98 5.2 I/O RAM Map – Alphabetical Order ..................................................................................... 104 5.3 Reading the Info Page (71M6543H and 71M6543GH only).................................................. 118 5.4 CE Interface Description ..................................................................................................... 120 5.4.1 CE Program ............................................................................................................ 120 5.4.2 CE Data Format ...................................................................................................... 120 5.4.3 Constants ................................................................................................................ 120 5.4.4 Environment ............................................................................................................ 121 5.4.5 CE Calculations....................................................................................................... 121 5.4.6 CE Front-End Data (Raw Data) ............................................................................... 122 5.4.7 CE Status and Control ............................................................................................. 123 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 3 4 5 v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 5.4.8 CE Transfer Variables ............................................................................................. 125 5.4.9 Pulse Generation..................................................................................................... 127 5.4.10 CE Calibration Parameters ...................................................................................... 130 5.4.11 CE Flow Diagrams .................................................................................................. 131 6 71M6543 Specifications............................................................................................................. 133 6.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................. 133 6.2 Recommended External Components ................................................................................. 134 6.3 Recommended Operating Conditions .................................................................................. 134 6.4 Performance Specifications ................................................................................................. 135 6.4.1 Input Logic Levels ................................................................................................... 135 6.4.2 Output Logic Levels................................................................................................. 135 6.4.3 Battery Monitor ........................................................................................................ 136 6.4.4 Temperature Monitor ............................................................................................... 137 6.4.5 Supply Current ........................................................................................................ 138 6.4.6 V3P3D Switch ......................................................................................................... 139 6.4.7 Internal Power Fault Comparators ........................................................................... 139 6.4.8 2.5 V Voltage Regulator – System Power ................................................................ 139 6.4.9 2.5 V Voltage Regulator – Battery Power ................................................................. 140 6.4.10 Crystal Oscillator ..................................................................................................... 140 6.4.11 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) ....................................................................................... 140 6.4.12 LCD Drivers ............................................................................................................ 140 6.4.13 VLCD Generator...................................................................................................... 140 6.4.14 71M6543 VREF....................................................................................................... 143 6.4.15 ADC Converter ........................................................................................................ 144 6.4.16 Pre-Amplifier for IADC0-IADC1 ................................................................................ 145 6.5 Timing Specifications .......................................................................................................... 146 6.5.1 Flash Memory ......................................................................................................... 146 6.5.2 SPI Slave ................................................................................................................ 146 6.5.3 EEPROM Interface .................................................................................................. 146 6.5.4 RESET Pin .............................................................................................................. 147 6.5.5 Real-Time Clock (RTC) ........................................................................................... 147 6.6 Typical Performance Data .........................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.7 100-Pin LQFP Package Outline Drawing ............................................................................. 148 6.8 71M6543 Pinout .................................................................................................................. 149 6.9 71M6543 Pin Descriptions................................................................................................... 150 6.9.1 71M6543 Power and Ground Pins ........................................................................... 150 6.9.2 71M6543 Analog Pins ............................................................................................. 151 6.9.3 71M6543 Digital Pins............................................................................................... 152 6.9.4 I/O Equivalent Circuits ............................................................................................. 154 7 Ordering Information ................................................................................................................. 155 7.1 71M6543 Ordering Guide .................................................................................................... 155 8 R elated Information ................................................................................................................ 155 9 C ontact Information ................................................................................................................ 155 Appendix A: Acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 156 Appendix B: Revision History ........................................................................................................... 157 4 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Figures Figure 1: IC Functional Block Diagram ..................................................................................................... 9 Figure 2: AFE Block Diagram (Shunts: One-Local, Three-Remotes) ...................................................... 12 Figure 3. AFE Block Diagram (Four CTs) ............................................................................................... 13 Figure 4: States in a Multiplexer Frame (MUX_DIV[3:0] = 6) .................................................................. 17 Figure 5: States in a Multiplexer Frame (MUX_DIV[3:0] = 7) .................................................................. 17 Figure 6: General Topology of a Chopped Amplifier ............................................................................... 21 Figure 7: CROSS Signal with CHOP_E = 00........................................................................................... 21 Figure 8: RTM Timing ............................................................................................................................ 26 Figure 9. Pulse Generator FIFO Timing ................................................................................................. 28 Figure 10: Samples from Multiplexer Cycle (Frame) ............................................................................... 29 Figure 11: Accumulation Interval ............................................................................................................ 29 Figure 12: Interrupt Structure ................................................................................................................. 46 Figure 13: Automatic Temperature Compensation ................................................................................. 54 Figure 14: Optical Interface.................................................................................................................... 58 Figure 15: Optical Interface (UART1) ..................................................................................................... 58 Figure 16: Connecting an External Load to DIO Pins ............................................................................. 60 Figure 17: LCD Waveforms ................................................................................................................... 65 Figure 18: 3-wire Interface. Write Command, HiZ=0. ............................................................................. 67 Figure 19: 3-wire Interface. Write Command, HiZ=1 .............................................................................. 68 Figure 20: 3-wire Interface. Read Command. ........................................................................................ 68 Figure 21: 3-Wire Interface. Write Command when CNT=0 ................................................................... 68 Figure 22: 3-wire Interface. Write Command when HiZ=1 and WFR=1. ................................................. 68 Figure 23: SPI Slave Port - Typical Multi-Byte Read and Write operations.............................................. 70 Figure 24: Voltage, Current, Momentary and Accumulated Energy......................................................... 75 Figure 25: Operation Modes State Diagram ........................................................................................... 76 Figure 26: MPU/CE Data Flow ............................................................................................................... 85 Figure 27: Resistive Voltage Divider (Voltage Sensing) .......................................................................... 86 Figure 28. CT with Single-Ended Input Connection (Current Sensing) .................................................... 86 Figure 29: CT with Differential Input Connection (Current Sensing) ........................................................ 86 Figure 30: Differential Resistive Shunt Connections (Current Sensing)................................................... 86 Figure 31: System Using Three-Remotes and One-Local (Neutral) Sensor ............................................ 87 Figure 32. System Using Current Transformers ..................................................................................... 88 2 Figure 33: I C EEPROM Connection...................................................................................................... 94 Figure 34: Connections for UART0 ........................................................................................................ 94 Figure 35: Connection for Optical Components ...................................................................................... 95 Figure 36: External Components for the RESET Pin: Push-Button (Left), Production Circuit (Right) ....... 96 Figure 37: External Components for the Emulator Interface ................................................................... 96 Figure 38. Trim Fuse Bit Mapping ........................................................................................................ 118 Figure 39: CE Data Flow: Multiplexer and ADC .................................................................................... 131 Figure 40: CE Data Flow: Scaling, Gain Control, Intermediate Variables for one Phase........................ 131 Figure 41: CE Data Flow: Squaring and Summation Stages ................................................................. 132 Figure 42: Wh Error from 200 A to 0.1 A at 60 Hz, 240 VAC ......................Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 43: VARh Error from 200 A to 0.1 A at 60 Hz, 240 VAC...................Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 44: Wh Error from 200 A to 0.1 A at Various Frequencies (0° Load angle, 240 VAC) ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 45: 100-pin LQFP Package Outline ........................................................................................... 148 Figure 46: Pinout for the LQFP-100 Package ....................................................................................... 149 Figure 47: I/O Equivalent Circuits......................................................................................................... 154 v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 5 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Tables Table 1. Required CE Code and Settings for 1-Local / 3-Remotes ......................................................... 15 Table 2. Required CE Code and Settings for CT Sensors ...................................................................... 16 Table 3: Multiplexer and ADC Configuration Bits .................................................................................... 19 Table 4. RCMD[4:0] Bits ........................................................................................................................ 23 Table 5: Remote Interface Read Commands ......................................................................................... 23 Table 6: I/O RAM Control Bits for Isolated Sensor .................................................................................. 24 Table 7: Inputs Selected in Multiplexer Cycles ....................................................................................... 26 Table 8: CKMPU Clock Frequencies ...................................................................................................... 30 Table 9: Memory Map ............................................................................................................................ 31 Table 10: Internal Data Memory Map ..................................................................................................... 32 Table 11: Special Function Register Map ............................................................................................... 32 Table 12: Generic 80515 SFRs - Location and Reset Values ................................................................. 33 Table 13: PSW Bit Functions (SFR 0xD0) ............................................................................................... 34 Table 14: Port Registers (SEGDIO0-15) ................................................................................................ 35 Table 15: Stretch Memory Cycle Width .................................................................................................. 35 Table 16. 80515 PCON SFR Register (SFR 0x87).................................................................................... 36 Table 17: Baud Rate Generation............................................................................................................ 36 Table 18: UART Modes ......................................................................................................................... 37 Table 19: The S0CON (UART0) Register (SFR 0x98) ............................................................................. 37 Table 20: The S1CON (UART1) Register (SFR 0x9B) ............................................................................. 38 Table 21: PCON Register Bit Description (SFR 0x87) .............................................................................. 38 Table 22: Timers/Counters Mode Description ........................................................................................ 39 Table 23: Allowed Timer/Counter Mode Combinations ........................................................................... 39 Table 24: TMOD Register Bit Description (SFR 0x89) ............................................................................ 39 Table 25: The TCON Register Bit Functions (SFR 0x88) ........................................................................ 40 Table 26: The IEN0 Bit Functions (SFR 0xA8)........................................................................................ 41 Table 27: The IEN1 Bit Functions (SFR 0xB8)........................................................................................ 41 Table 28: The IEN2 Bit Functions (SFR 0x9A)........................................................................................ 41 Table 29: TCON Bit Functions (SFR 0x88) ............................................................................................. 41 Table 30: The T2CON Bit Functions (SFR 0xC8) .................................................................................... 42 Table 31: The IRCON Bit Functions (SFR 0xC0) .................................................................................... 42 Table 32: External MPU Interrupts ......................................................................................................... 42 Table 33: Interrupt Enable and Flag Bits ................................................................................................ 43 Table 34: Interrupt Priority Level Groups ................................................................................................ 43 Table 35: Interrupt Priority Levels .......................................................................................................... 44 Table 36: Interrupt Priority Registers (IP0 and IP1) ................................................................................. 44 Table 37: Interrupt Polling Sequence ..................................................................................................... 45 Table 38: Interrupt Vectors .................................................................................................................... 45 Table 39: Flash Memory Access ............................................................................................................ 47 Table 40: Bank Switching with FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0])in the 71M6543G/GH ............................... 48 Table 41: Flash Security ........................................................................................................................ 49 Table 42: Clock System Summary ......................................................................................................... 51 Table 43: RTC Control Registers ........................................................................................................... 52 Table 44: I/O RAM Registers for RTC Temperature Compensation ........................................................ 53 Table 45: NV RAM Table Structure ............................................................Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 46: I/O RAM Registers for RTC Interrupts .................................................................................... 55 Table 47: I/O RAM Registers for Temperature and Battery Measurement .............................................. 56 Table 48: Selectable Resources using the DIO_Rn[2:0] Bits................................................................... 59 6 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Table 49: Data/Direction Registers and Internal Resources for SEGDIO0 to SEGDIO15 ........................ 60 Table 50: Data/Direction Registers for SEGDIO16 to SEGDIO31 ........................................................... 61 Table 51: Data/Direction Registers for SEGDIO32 to SEGDIO45 ........................................................... 61 Table 52: Data/Direction Registers for SEGDIO51 to SEGDIO55 ........................................................... 61 Table 53: LCD_VMODE Configurations .................................................................................................. 63 Table 54: LCD Configurations ................................................................................................................ 64 Table 55: LCD Data Registers for SEGDIO46 to SEGDIO55 .................................................................. 65 Table 56: EECTRL Bits for 2-pin Interface............................................................................................... 66 Table 57: EECTRL Bits for the 3-wire Interface ....................................................................................... 67 Table 58: SPI Transaction Fields ........................................................................................................... 69 Table 59: SPI Command Sequences ..................................................................................................... 70 Table 60: SPI Registers ......................................................................................................................... 70 Table 61: TMUX[4:0] Selections ............................................................................................................ 73 Table 62: TMUX2[4:0] Selections........................................................................................................... 74 Table 63: Available Circuit Functions ..................................................................................................... 77 Table 64: VSTAT[2:0] (SFR 0xF9[2:0]) ................................................................................................... 80 Table 65: Wake Enable and Flag Bits .................................................................................................... 82 Table 66: Wake Bits .............................................................................................................................. 83 Table 67: Clear Events for WAKE flags.................................................................................................. 84 Table 68: GAIN_ADJn Compensation Channels (Figure 2, Figure 31, Table 1) ...................................... 91 Table 69: GAIN_ADJx Compensation Channels (Figure 3, Figure 32, Table 2) ...................................... 93 Table 70: I/O RAM Map – Functional Order, Basic Configuration ........................................................... 98 Table 71: I/O RAM Map – Functional Order ......................................................................................... 100 Table 72: I/O RAM Map – Alphabetical Order ...................................................................................... 104 Table 73: Info Page Trim Fuses ........................................................................................................... 118 Table 74: CE EQU[2:0] Equations and Element Input Mapping ............................................................ 121 Table 75: CE Raw Data Access Locations ........................................................................................... 122 Table 76: CESTATUS Register .............................................................................................................. 123 Table 77: CESTATUS Bit Definitions...................................................................................................... 123 Table 78: CECONFIG Register ............................................................................................................. 123 Table 79: CECONFIG Bit Definitions (CE RAM 0x20) ........................................................................... 124 Table 80: Sag Threshold, Phase Measurement, and Gain Adjust Control ............................................. 125 Table 81: CE Transfer Variables (with Shunts) ..................................................................................... 125 Table 82: CE Transfer Variables (with CTs) ......................................................................................... 126 Table 83: CE Energy Measurement Variables (with Shunts)................................................................. 126 Table 84: CE Energy Measurement Variables (with CTs) ..................................................................... 126 Table 85: Other Transfer Variables ...................................................................................................... 127 Table 86: CE Pulse Generation Parameters......................................................................................... 128 Table 87: CE Parameters for Noise Suppression and Code Version..................................................... 129 Table 88: CE Calibration Parameters ................................................................................................... 130 Table 89: Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................................................................. 133 Table 90: Recommended External Components .................................................................................. 134 Table 91: Recommended Operating Conditions ................................................................................... 134 Table 92: Input Logic Levels ................................................................................................................ 135 Table 93: Output Logic Levels ............................................................................................................. 135 Table 94: Battery Monitor Performance Specifications (TEMP_BAT = 1) ............................................... 136 Table 95: Temperature Monitor............................................................................................................ 137 Table 96: Supply Current Performance Specifications.......................................................................... 138 Table 98: Internal Power Fault Comparators Performance Specifications ............................................. 139 Table 99: 2.5 V Voltage Regulator Performance Specifications ............................................................ 139 v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 7 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Table 100: Low-Power Voltage Regulator Performance Specifications ................................................. 140 Table 101: Crystal Oscillator Performance Specifications ..................................................................... 140 Table 102: PLL Performance Specifications ......................................................................................... 140 Table 103: LCD Drivers Performance Specifications ............................................................................ 140 Table 105: 71M6543 VREF Performance Specifications ...................................................................... 143 Table 106: ADC Converter Performance Specifications ....................................................................... 144 Table 107: Pre-Amplifier Performance Specifications ........................................................................... 145 Table 108: Flash Memory Timing Specifications .................................................................................. 146 Table 109. SPI Slave Timing Specifications ......................................................................................... 146 Table 110: EEPROM Interface Timing ................................................................................................. 146 Table 111: RESET Pin Timing ............................................................................................................. 147 Table 112: RTC Range for Date........................................................................................................... 147 Table 113: 71M6543 Power and Ground Pins ...................................................................................... 150 Table 114: 71M6543 Analog Pins ........................................................................................................ 151 Table 115: 71M6543 Digital Pins ......................................................................................................... 152 Table 116. 71M6543 Ordering Guide ................................................................................................... 155 8 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet VREF IADC0 IADC1 IADC2 IADC3 IADC4 IADC5 IADC6 IADC7 VADC8 (VA) VADC9 (VB) VADC10 (VC) ∆Σ_ AD CONVERTER MUX and PREAMP VBIAS VBIAS V3P3A GNDA GNDD VLCD V3P3SYS FIR V3P3A + VREF VREF VLCD Voltage Boost V3P3D VBAT MUX MUX CTRL CROSS Voltage Regulator CK32 RTCLK (32KHz) MCK PLL CK32 32KHz 4.9 MHZ 4.9 MHz DIV ADC XIN XOUT Oscillator 32 KHz CKADC CKFIR 22 VDD 2.5V to logic CLOCK GEN CK_4X MUX CKMPU_2x MUX _SYNC CKCE < 4.9MHz CE STRT W PULSE VARPULSE RTM 32-bit Compute Engine MPU RAM (5 KB) MEMORY SHARE LCD_GEN VLC2 VLC1 VLC0 LCD DRIVER T EST TEST MODE CE CONTROL CEDATA 32 0x000...0x2FF 0x0000...0x13FF 8 PROG 0x000...0x3FF 16 W PULSE Y S U B _ E C Y S U B R E F X EEPROM INTERFACE VARPULSE 2 DIGITAL I/O I P S 6 COM0..5 SEG Pins SEGDIO Pins CKMPU < 4.9MHz M A R O / I PB RTC RTCLK VBAT_RTC SDCK RX TX OPT_RX/ SEGDIO55 OPT_TX/ SEGDIO51/ W PULSE / VPULSE UART0 MPU (80515) SDOUT SDIN Non-Volatile CONFIGURATION RAM CONFIGURATION RAM (I/O RAM) 0x2000...0x20FF 8 MEMORY SHARE 0x00000 … FLASH 128 B K 0X1FFFF 17 EMULATOR PORT CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS TEMP SENSOR BAT TEST OPTICAL INTERFACE DATA 0x0000...0xFFFF 8 PROGRAM 0x0000...0xFFFF 8 CKMPU_2x VBIAS MPU_RSTZ POWER FAULT DETECTION W AKE FAULTZ VSTAT RTM 3 E_RXTX E_TCLK E_RST(Open Drain) TEST MUX TEST MUX 2 RESET E_RXTX/SEG48 E_TCLK/SEG49 E_RST/SEG50 ICE_E 9/20/2010 Figure 1: IC Functional Block Diagram v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 9 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 1 Introduction This data sheet covers the 71M6543F (64KB, 0.5%), 71M6543H (64KB, 0.1%), 71M6543G (128KB, 0.5%) and 71M6543GH (128KB, 0.1%) 4th-generation Teridian polyphase energy measurement systemon-chips (SoCs). The term “71M6543” is used when discussing a device feature or behavior that is applicable to all four part numbers. The specific part numbers are used when discussing those features that apply only to specific part numbers. This data sheet also covers details about the companion 71M6xx3 isolated current sensor device. This document covers the use of the 71M6543 in conjunction with the 71M6xx3 isolated current sensor. The 71M6543 and 71M6xx3 ICs make it possible to use one non-isolated and three additional isolated shunt current sensors to create polyphase energy meters using inexpensive shunt resistors, while achieving unprecedented performance with this type of sensor technology. The 71M6543 SoCs also support Current Transformers (CT). To facilitate document navigation, hyperlinks are often used to reference figures, tables and section headings that are located in other parts of the document. All hyperlinks in this document are highlighted in blue. Hyperlinks are used extensively to increase the level of detail and clarity provided within each section by referencing other relevant parts of the document. To further facilitate document navigation, this document is published as a PDF document with bookmarks enabled. The reader is also encouraged to obtain and review the documents listed in 8 Related Information on page 155 of this document. 10 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 2 2.1 Hardware Description Hardware Overview The Teridian 71M6543 single-chip energy meter integrates all primary functional blocks required to implement a solid-state electricity meter. Included on the chip are: • • • • • An analog front-end (AFE) featuring a 22-bit second-order sigma-delta ADC An independent 32-bit digital computation engine (CE) to implement DSP functions An 8051-compatible microprocessor (MPU) which executes one instruction per clock cycle (80515) A precision voltage reference (VREF) A temperature sensor for digital temperature compensation of: - Metrology (MPU) - Automatic RTC in all power states - MPU assisted RTC compensation LCD Driver RAM and Flash memory A real time clock (RTC) A variety of I/O pins A power failure interrupt A zero-crossing interrupt Selectable current sensor interfaces for locally-connected sensors as well as isolated sensors (i.e., using the 71M6xx3 companion IC with a shunt resistor sensor) Resistive Shunt and Current Transformers are supported • • • • • • • • In order to implement a polyphase meter with or without neutral current sensing, one resistive shunt current sensor may be connected directly (non-isolated) to the 71M6543 device, while up to three additional current shunts are isolated using a companion 71M6xx3 isolated sensor IC. An inexpensive, small size pulse transformer is used to electrically isolate the 71M6xx3 remote sensor from the 71M6543. The 71M6543 performs digital communications bi-directionally with the 71M6xx3 and also provides power to the 71M6xx3 through the isolating pulse transformer. Isolated (remote) shunt current sensors are connected to the differential input of the 71M6xx3. The 71M6543 may also be used with Current Transformers; in this case the 71M6xx3 isolated sensors are not required. Included on the 71M6xx3 companion isolator chip are: • • • • • • • Digital isolation communications interface An analog front-end (AFE) featuring a 22-bit second-order sigma-delta ADC A precision voltage reference (VREF) A temperature sensor (for current-sensing digital temperature compensation) A f ully differential shunt resistor sensor input A pre-amplifier to optimize shunt current sensor performance Isolated power circuitry obtains dc power from pulses sent by the 71M6543 In a typical application, the 32-bit compute engine (CE) of the 71M6543 sequentially processes the samples from the voltage inputs on analog input pins and performs calculations to measure active energy (Wh) and reactive energy (VARh), as well as A2h, and V2h for four-quadrant metering. These measurements are then accessed by the MPU, processed further and output using the peripheral devices available to the MPU. In addition to advanced measurement functions, the real time clock (RTC) function allows the 71M6543 to record time of use (TOU) metering information for multi-rate applications and to time-stamp tamper or other events. An automatic RTC temperature compensation circuit operates in all power states including when the MPU is halted, and continues to compensate using back-up battery power during power outages. Measurements can be displayed on 3.3 V LCDs commonly used in low-temperature environments. The integrated charge pump and temperature sensor can be used by the MPU to enhance 3.3 V LCD performance at cold temperatures. The on-chip charge pump may also drive 5 V LCDs. Flexible mapping of LCD display segments facilitates the integration of existing custom LCDs. Design trade-off between the v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 11 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet number of LCD segments and DIO pins can be implemented in software to accommodate various requirements. In addition to the temperature-trimmed ultra-precision voltage reference, the on-chip digital temperature compensation mechanism includes a temperature sensor and associated controls for correction of unwanted temperature effects on metrology and RTC accuracy (i.e., to meet the requirements of ANSI and IEC standards). Temperature-dependent external components such as the crystal oscillator, current transformers (CTs), Current Shunts and their corresponding signal conditioning circuits can be characterized and their correction factors can be programmed to produce electricity meters with exceptional accuracy over the industrial temperature range. One of the two internal UARTs is adapted to support an Infrared LED with internal drive and sense configuration and can also function as a standard UART. The optical output can be modulated at 38 kHz. This flexibility makes it possible to implement AMR meters with an IR interface. A block diagram of the IC is shown in Figure 1. 2.2 Analog Front-End (AFE) The AFE functions as a data acquisition system, controlled by the MPU. The 71M6543 AFE may also be augmented by isolated 71M6xx3 sensors in order to support low-cost current shunt sensors. Figure 2, and Figure 3 show the two most common configurations; other configurations are possible. Sensors that are connected directly to the 71M6543 (i.e., IADC0-IADC1, VADC8, VADC9 and VADC10) are multiplexed into the single second-order sigma-delta ADC input for sampling in the 71M6543. The 71M6543 ADC output is decimated by the FIR filter and stored in CE RAM where it can be accessed and processed by the CE. Shunt current sensors that are isolated by using a 71M6xx3 device, are sampled by a second-order sigma delta ADC in the 71M6xx3 and the signal samples are transferred over the digital isolation interface through the low-cost isolation pulse transformer. Figure 2 shows the 71M6543 using shunt current sensors and the 71M6xx3 isolated sensor devices. Figure 2 supports neutral current measurement with a local shunt connected to the IADC0-IADC1 input plus three remote (isolated) shunt sensors. As seen in Figure 2, when a remote isolated shunt sensor is connected via the 71M6xx3, the samples associated with this current channel are not routed to the multiplexer, and are instead transferred digitally to the 71M6543 via the isolation interface and are directly stored in CE RAM. The MUX_SELn[3:0] I/O RAM control fields allow the MPU to configure the AFE for the desired multiplexer sampling sequence. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2 for the appropriate CE code and the corresponding AFE settings. See Figure 31 for the meter wiring configuration corresponding to Figure 2. IN* IADC0 Local Shunt MUX VREF IADC1 VADC8 (VA) VADC9 (VB) VADC10 (VC) IA INP Remote Shunt INN IB INP Remote Shunt INN IC INP Remote Shunt INN 71M6xx3 SN IADC7 SP IADC6 22 VREF ∆Σ ADC CONVERTER VREF VADC FIR 22 SP 71M6xx3 SN IADC2 IADC3 22 CE RAM SP 71M6xx3 SN IADC5 IADC4 Digital Isolation Interface 22 71M6543 *IN = Neutral Current 9/17/2010 Figure 2: AFE Block Diagram (Shunts: One-Local, Three-Remotes) 12 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet The 71M6543 AFE can also be directly interfaced to Current Transformers (CTs), as seen in Figure 3. In this case, all voltage and current channels are multiplexed into a single second-order sigma-delta ADC in the 71M6543 and the 71M6xx3 remote isolated sensors are not used. The fourth CT and the measurement of Neutral current via the IADC0-IADC1 current channel are optional. See Figure 32 for the meter wiring configuration corresponding to Figure 3. VREF IA IADC2 CT IADC3 MUX VREF VADC IB IADC4 CT IADC5 IC IADC6 CT IADC7 IN* IADC0 CT IADC1 ∆Σ ADC CONVERTER VREF FIR 22 CE RAM VADC8 (VA) VADC9 (VB) VADC10 (VC) 71M6543 *IN = Neutral Current 9/17/2010 Figure 3. AFE Block Diagram (Four CTs) 2.2.1 Signal Input Pins The 71M6543 features eleven ADC input pins. IADC0 through IADC7 are intended for use as current sensor inputs. These eight current sensor inputs can be configured as eight single-ended inputs, or can be paired to form four differential inputs. For best performance, it is recommended to configure the current sensor inputs as differential inputs (i.e., IADC0IADC1, IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5 and IADC6-IADC7). The first differential input (IADC0-IADC1) features a pre-amplifier with a selectable gain of 1 or 8, and is intended for direct connection to a shunt resistor sensor, and can also be used with a Current Transformer (CT). The three remaining differential pairs (i.e., IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5 and IADC6-IADC7) may be used with CTs, or may be enabled to interface to a remote 71M6xx3 isolated current sensor providing isolation for a shunt resistor sensor using a low cost pulse transformer. The remaining three inputs VADC8 (VA), VADC9 (VB) and VADC10 (VC) are single-ended, and are intended for sensing each of the phase voltages in a polyphase meter application. These three single-ended inputs are referenced to the V3P3A pin. All ADC input pins measure voltage. In the case of shunt current sensors, currents are sensed as a voltage drop in the shunt resistor sensor. In the case of Current Transformers (CT), the current is measured as a voltage across a burden resistor that is connected to the secondary of the CT. Meanwhile, line voltages are sensed through resistive voltage dividers. The VADC8 (VA), VADC9 (VB) and VADC10 (VC) pins are single-ended and their common return is the V3P3A pin. See Figure 27, Figure 28, Figure 29 and Figure 30 for detailed connections for each type of sensor. Also refer to the 71M6543 Demonstration Board schematic and bill of materials for typical component values used in these and other circuits. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 13 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Pins IADC0-IADC1 can be programmed individually to be differential or single-ended as determined by the DIFF0_E (I/O RAM 0x210C[4]) control bit. However, for most applications, IADC0-IADC1 are configured as a differential input to work with a resistive shunt or CT directly interfaced to the IADC0IADC1 differential input with the appropriate external signal conditioning components. The performance of the IADC0-IADC1 pins can be enhanced by enabling a pre-amplifier with a fixed gain of 8, using the I/O RAM control bit PRE_E (I/O RAM 0x2704[5]). When PRE_E = 1, IADC0-IADC1 become the inputs to the 8x pre-amplifier, and the output of this amplifier is supplied to the multiplexer. The 8x amplification is useful when current sensors with low sensitivity, such as shunt resistors, are used. With PRE_E set, the IADC0-IADC1 input signal amplitude is restricted to 31.25 mV peak. When PRE_E = 0 (Gain = 1), the IADC0-IADC1 input signal is restricted to 250 mV peak. For the 71M6543 application utilizing shunt resistor sensors (Figure 2), the IADC0-IADC1 pins are configured for differential mode to interface to a local shunt by setting the DIFF0_E control bit. Meanwhile, the IADC2-IADC3 , IADC4-IADC5 and IADC6-IADC7 pins are re-configured as digital remote sensor interface designed to communicate with a Teridian 71M6xx3 isolated sensor by setting the RMTx_E control bits (I/O RAM 0x2709[5:3]). The 71M6xx3 communicates with the 71M6543 using a bi-directional digital data stream through an isolating pulse transformer. The 71M6543 also supplies power to the 71M6xx3 through the isolating transformer. This type of interface is further described at the end of this chapter. See 2.2.8 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensor Interface. For use with Current Transformers (CTs), as shown in Figure 3, the RMTx_E control bits are reset, so that IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5 and IADC6-IADC7 are configured as local analog inputs. The IADC0-IADC1 pins cannot be configured as a remote sensor interface. 2.2.2 Input Multiplexer When operating with locally connected sensors, the input multiplexer sequentially applies the input signals from the analog input pins to the input of the ADC (see Figure 3), according to the sampling sequence determined by the eleven MUXn_SEL[3:0] control fields. One complete sampling sequence is called a multiplexer frame. The multiplexer of the 71M6543 can select up to eleven input signals when the current sensor inputs are configured for single-ended mode. When the current sensor inputs are configured in differential mode (recommended for best performance), the number of input signals is seven (i.e., IADC0IADC1, IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5, IADC6-IADC7, VADC8, VADC9 and VADC10) per multiplexer frame. The number of slots in the multiplexer frame is controlled by the I/O RAM control field MUX_DIV[3:0] (I/O RAM 0x2100[7:4]) (see Figure 4). The multiplexer always starts at state 0 and proceeds until the number of sensor channels determined by the MUX_DIV[3:0] field setting have been converted. The 71M6543 requires a unique CE code that is written for the specific meter configuration. Moreover, each CE code requires specific AFE and MUX settings in order to function properly. Table 1 provides the CE code and settings corresponding to the 1-Local / 3-Remote sensor configuration shown in Figure 2. Table 2 provides the CE code and settings corresponding to the CT configuration shown in Figure 3. 14 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 1. Required CE Code and Settings for 1-Local / 3-Remotes I/O RAM I/O RAM I/O RAM Setting Comments Mnemonic Location FIR_LEN[1:0] 210C[2:1] 1 288 cycles ADC_DIV 2200[5] 0 Fast PLL_FAST 2200[4] 1 19.66 MHz MUX_DIV[3:0] 2100[7:4] 6 See note 1 MUX0_SEL[3:0] Slot 0 is IADC0-IADC1 2105[3:0] 0 (IN) MUX1_SEL[3:0] 2105[7:4] 1 Unused (See note 2) MUX2_SEL[3:0] 2104[3:0] 1 Unused (See note 2) MUX3_SEL[3:0] Slot 3 is VADC8 2104[7:4] 8 (VA) MUX4_SEL[3:0] Slot 4 is VADC9 2103[3:0] 9 (VB) MUX5_SEL[3:0] Slot 5 is VADC10 2103[7:4] A (VC) MUX6_SEL[3:0] 2102[3:0] 0 MUX7_SEL[3:0] 2102[7:4] 0 MUX8_SEL[3:0] 2101[3:0] 0 Slots not enabled MUX9_SEL[3:0] 2101[7:4] 0 MUX10_SEL[3:0] 2100[3:0] 0 RMT2_E 2709[3] 1 Enable Remote IADC2-IADC3 (IA) RMT4_E 2709[4] 1 Enable Remote IADC4-IADC5 (IB) RMT6_E 2709[5] 1 Enable Remote IADC6-IADC7 (IC) DIFF0_E 210C[4] 1 Differential IADC0-IADC1 (IN) DIFF2_E 210C[5] 0 See note 3 DIFF4_E 210C[6] 0 See note 3 DIFF6_E 210C[7] 0 See note 3 PRE_E 2704[5] 1 IADC0-IADC1 Gain = 8 EQU[2:0] 2106[7:5] 5 IA*VA + IB*VB + IC*VC ce43b016603 (use with 71M6603) CE Codes ce43b016103 (use with 71M6103) (See note 4) ce43b016113 (use with 71M6113) ce43b016203 (use with 71M6203) Equation(s) 5 Current Sensor Type 1 Local Shunt and 3 Remote Shunts Applicable Figures Figure 2, Figure 4 and Figure 31 Notes: 1. MUX_DIV[3:0] should be set to 0 while writing the other values in this table, and then set to the indicated value before writing the MUXn_SEL[3:0] fields. 2. Each unused slot must be assigned to a valid (0 to A), but unused ADC handle 3. This channel is remote (71M6xx3), hence DIFFx_E is irrelevant 4. Must use the CE code that corresponds to the specific 71M6xx3 device used Teridian updates the CE code periodically. Please contact your local Teridian representative to obtain the latest CE code and the associated settings. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 15 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 2. Required CE Code and Settings for CT Sensors I/O RAM I/O RAM I/O RAM Setting Comments Mnemonic Location (Hex) FIR_LEN[1:0] 210C[2:1] 1 288 cycles ADC_DIV 2200[5] 0 Fast PLL_FAST 2200[4] 1 19.66 MHz MUX_DIV[3:0] 2100[7:4] 7 See note 1 MUX0_SEL[3:0] Slot 0 is IADC2-IADC3 2105[3:0] 2 (IA) MUX1_SEL[3:0] Slot 1 is VADC8 2105[7:4] 8 (VA) MUX2_SEL[3:0] Slot 2 is IADC4-IADC5 2104[3:0] 4 (IB) MUX3_SEL[3:0] Slot 3 is VADC9 2104[7:4] 9 (VB) MUX4_SEL[3:0] Slot 4 is IADC6-IADC7 2103[3:0] 6 (IC) MUX5_SEL[3:0] Slot 5 is VADC10 2103[7:4] A (VC) MUX6_SEL[3:0] 2102[3:0] 0 Slot 6 is IADC0-IADC1 (IN – See note 2) MUX7_SEL[3:0] 2102[7:4] 0 MUX8_SEL[3:0] 2101[3:0] 0 Slots not enabled MUX9_SEL[3:0] 2101[7:4] 0 MUX10_SEL[3:0] 2100[3:0] 0 RMT2_E 2709[3] 0 Local Sensor IADC2-IADC3 RMT4_E 2709[4] 0 Local Sensor IADC4-IADC5 RMT6_E 2709[5] 0 Local Sensor IADC6-IADC7 DIFF0_E 210C[4] 1 Differential IADC0-IADC1 DIFF2_E 210C[5] 1 Differential IADC2-IADC3 DIFF4_E 210C[6] 1 Differential IADC4-IADC5 DIFF6_E 210C[7] 1 Differential IADC6-IADC7 PRE_E 2704[5] 0 IADC0-IADC1 Gain = 1 EQU[2:0] 2106[7:5] 5 IA*VA + IB*VB + IC*VC CE Code ce43a02 Equation(s) 5 Current Sensor Type 4 Current Transformers (CTs) Applicable Figures Figure 3, Figure 4 and Figure 32 Notes: 1. MUX_DIV[3:0] should be set to 0 while writing the other values in this table, and then set to the indicated value before writing the MUXn_SEL[3:0] fields. 2. IN is the optional Neutral Current Teridian updates the CE code periodically. Please contact your local Teridian representative to obtain the latest CE code and the associated settings. 16 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Using settings for the I/O RAM Mnemonics listed in Table 1 and Table 2 that do not match those required by the corresponding CE code being used may result in undesirable side effects and must not be selected by the MPU. Consult your local Teridian representative to obtain the correct CE code and AFE / MUX settings corresponding to the application. For a polyphase configuration with neutral current sensing using shunt resistor current sensors and the 71M6xx3 isolated sensors, as shown in Figure 2, the IADC0-IADC1 input must be configured as a differential input, to be connected to a local shunt (see Figure 30 for the shunt connection details). The local shunt connected to the IADC0-IADC1 input is used to sense the Neutral current. The voltage sensors (VADC8, VADC9 and VADC10) are also directly connected to the 71M6543 (see Figure 27 for the connection details) and are also routed though the multiplexer, as seen in Figure 2. Meanwhile, the IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5 and IADC6-IADC7 current inputs are configured as remote sensor digital interfaces and the corresponding samples are not routed through the multiplexer. For this configuration, the multiplexer sequence is as shown in Figure 4. For a polyphase configuration with optional neutral current sensing using Current Transformer (CTs) sensors, as shown in Figure 3, all four current sensor inputs must be configured as a differential inputs, to be connected to their corresponding CTs (see Figure 29 for the differential CT connection details). The IADC0-IADC1 current sensor input is optionally used to sense the Neutral current for anti-tampering purposes. The voltage sensors (VADC8, VADC9 and VADC10) are directly connected to the 71M6543 (see Figure 27 for the voltage sensor connection details). No 71M6xx3 isolated sensors are used in this configuration and all sensors are routed though the multiplexer, as seen in Figure 3. For this configuration, the multiplexer sequence is as shown in Figure 5. The multiplexer sequence shown in Figure 4 corresponds to the configuration shown in Figure 2. The frame duration is 13 CK32 cycles (where CK32 = 32,768 Hz), therefore, the resulting sample rate is 32,768 Hz / 13 = 2,520.6 Hz. Note that Figure 4 only shows the currents that pass through the 71M6543 multiplexer, and does not show the currents that are copied directly into CE RAM from the remote sensors (see Figure 2), which are sampled during the second half of the multiplexer frame. The two unused conversion slots shown are necessary to produce the desired 2,520.6 Hz sample rate. Multiplexer Frame MUX_DIV[3:0] = 6 Conversions CK32 MUX STATE CROSS MUX_SYNC S 0 IN Settle 1 Unused 2 Unused 3 VA 4 VB 5 VC S Figure 4: States in a Multiplexer Frame (MUX_DIV[3:0] = 6) The multiplexer sequence shown in Figure 5 corresponds to the CT configuration shown in Figure 3. Since in this case all current sensors are locally connected to the 71M6543, all currents are routed through the multiplexer, as seen in Figure 3. For this multiplexer sequence, the frame duration is 15 CK32 cycles (where CK32 = 32,768 Hz), therefore, the resulting sample rate is 32,768 Hz / 15 = 2,184.5 Hz. Multiplexer Frame MUX_DIV[3:0] = 7 Conversions CK32 MUX STATE CROSS MUX_SYNC S 0 IA 1 VA 2 IB 3 VB 4 IC 5 VC 6 IN S Settle Figure 5: States in a Multiplexer Frame (MUX_DIV[3:0] = 7) v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 17 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Multiplexer advance, FIR initiation and chopping of the ADC reference voltage (using the internal CROSS signal, see 2.2.7 Voltage References) are controlled by the internal MUX_CTRL circuit. Additionally, MUX_CTRL launches each pass of the CE through its code. MUX_CTRL is clocked by CK32, the 32768 Hz clock from the PLL block. The behavior of the MUX_CTRL circuit is governed by: • • • • CHOP_E[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x2106[3:2]) MUX_DIV[3:0] (I/O RAM 0x2100[7:4]) FIR_LEN[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x210C[2:1]) ADC_DIV (I/O RAM 0x2200[5] ) The duration of each multiplexer state depends on the number of ADC samples processed by the FIR as determined by the FIR_LEN[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x210C[2:1] control field. Each multiplexer state starts on the rising edge of CK32, the 32-kHz clock. It is recommended that MUX_DIV[3:0] (I/O RAM 0x2200[2:0]) be set to zero while changing the ADC configuration, to minimize system transients that might be caused by momentary shorts between the ADC inputs, especially when changing the DIFFn_E control bits (I/O RAM 0x210C[5:4]). After the configuration bits are set, MUX_DIV[3:0] should be set to the required value. The duration of each time slot in CK32 cycles depends on FIR_LEN[1:0], ADC_DIV and PLL_FAST: Time_Slot_Duration = (3-2*PLL_FAST)*(FIR_LEN[1:0]+1) * (ADC_DIV+1) The duration of a multiplexer frame in CK32 cycles is: MUX_Frame_Duration = 3-2*PLL_FAST + Time_Slot_Duration * MUX_DIV[3:0] The duration of a multiplexer frame in CK_FIR cycles is: MUX frame duration (CK_FIR cycles) = [3-2*PLL_FAST + Time_Slot_Duration * MUX_DIV] * (48+PLL_FAST*102) The ADC conversion sequence is programmable through the MUXn_SEL control fields (I/O RAM 0x2100 to 0x2105). As stated above, there are up to eleven ADC time slots in the 71M6543, as set by MUX_DIV[3:0] (I/O RAM 0x2100[7:4]). In the expression MUXn_SEL[3:0] = x, ‘n’ refers to the multiplexer frame time slot number and ‘x’ refers to the desired ADC input number or ADC handle (i.e., IADC0 to VADC10, or simply 0 to 10 decimal). Thus, there are a total of 11 valid ADC handles in the 71M6543 devices. For example, if MUX0_SEL[3:0] = 0, then IADC0, corresponding to the sample from the IADC0-IADC1 input (configured as a differential input), is positioned in the multiplexer frame during time slot 0. See Table 1 and Table 2 for the appropriate MUXn_SEL[3:0] settings and other settings applicable to a particular meter configuration and CE code. Note that when the remote sensor interface is enabled, the samples corresponding to the remote sensor currents do not pass through the 71M6543 multiplexer. The sampling of the remote current sensors occurs in the second half of the multiplexer frame. The VA, VB and VC voltages are assigned the last three slots in the frame. With this slot assignment for VA, VB and VC, the sampling of the corresponding remote sensor currents bears a precise timing relationship to their corresponding phase voltages, and delay compensation is accurately performed (see 2.2.3 Delay Compensation on page 19). Also when using remote sensors, it is necessary to introduce unused slots to realize the number of slots specified by the MUX_DIV[3:0] (I/O RAM 0x2100[7:4] ) field setting (see Figure 4 and Figure 5). The MUXn_SEL[3:0] control fields for these unused (“dummy”) slots must be written with a valid ADC handle (i.e., 0 to 10 decimal) that is not otherwise being used. In this manner, the unused ADC handle, is used as a “dummy” place holder in the multiplexer frame, and the correct duration multiplexer frame sequence is generated and also the desired sample rate. The resulting sample data stored in the CE RAM location corresponding to the “dummy” ADC handle is ignored by the CE code. Meanwhile, the digital isolation interface takes care of automatically storing the samples for the remote current sensors in the appropriate CE RAM locations. 18 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Delay compensation and other functions in the CE code require the settings for MUX_DIV[3:0], MUXn_SEL[3:0], RMT_E, FIR_LEN[1:0], ADC_DIV and PLL_FAST to be fixed for a given CE code. Refer to Table 1 and Table 2 for the settings that are applicable to the 71M6543. Table 3 summarizes the I/O RAM registers used for configuring the multiplexer, signals pins, and ADC. All listed registers are 0 after reset and wake from battery modes, and are readable and writable. T able 3: Multiplexer and ADC Configuration Bits Name MUX0_SEL[3:0] MUX1_SEL[3:0] MUX2_SEL[3:0] MUX3_SEL[3:0] MUX4_SEL[3:0] MUX5_SEL[3:0] MUX6_SEL[3:0] MUX7_SEL[3:0] MUX8_SEL[3:0] MUX9_SEL[3:0] MUX10_SEL[3:0] ADC_DIV MUX_DIV[3:0] PLL_FAST FIR_LEN[1:0] DIFF0_E DIFF2_E DIFF4_E DIFF6_E Location 2105[3:0] 2105[7:4] 2104[3:0] 2104[7:4] 2103[3:0] 2103[7:4] 2102[3:0] 2102[7:0] 2101[3:0] 2101[7:0] 2100[3:0] 2200[5] 2100[7:4] 2200[4] 210C[2:1] 210C[4] 210C[5] 210C[6] 210C[7] Description Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 0. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 1. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 2. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 3. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 4. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 5. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 6. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 7. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 8. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 9. Selects the ADC input converted during time slot 10. Controls the rate of the ADC and FIR clocks. The number of ADC time slots in each multiplexer frame (maximum = 11). Controls the speed of the PLL and MCK. Determines the number of ADC cycles in the ADC decimation FIR filter. Enables the differential configuration for analog input pins IADC0-IADC1 . Enables the differential configuration for analog input pins IADC2-IADC3 . Enables the differential configuration for analog input pins IADC4-IADC5 . Enables the differential configuration for analog input pins IADC6-IADC7 . Enables the remote sensor interface transforming pins IADC2-IADC3 into a digital RMT2_E 2709[3] interface for communications with a 71M6xx3 sensor. Enables the remote sensor interface transforming pins IADC4-IADC5 into a digital RMT4_E 2709[4] interface for communications with a 71M6xx3 sensor. Enables the remote sensor interface transforming pins IADC6-IADC7 into a digital RMT6_E 2709[5] interface for communications with a 71M6xx3 sensor. PRE_E 2704[5] Enables the 8x pre-amplifier. Refer to Table 71 starting on page 104 for more complete details about these I/O RAM locations. 2.2.3 Delay Compensation W hen measuring the energy of a phase (i.e., Wh and VARh) in a service, the voltage and current for that phase must be sampled at the same instant. Otherwise, the phase difference, Ф, introduces errors. φ= t delay T ⋅ 360 o = t delay ⋅ f ⋅ 360 o W here f is the frequency of the input signal, T = 1/f and tdelay is the sampling delay between current and voltage. Traditionally, sampling is accomplished by using two A/D converters per phase (one for voltage and the other one for current) controlled to sample simultaneously. Teridian’s Single-Converter Technology®, however, exploits the 32-bit signal processing capability of its CE to implement “constant delay” all-pass filters. The all-pass filter corrects for the conversion time difference between the voltage and the corresponding current samples that are obtained with a single multiplexed A/D converter. o The “constant delay” all-pass filter provides a broad-band delay 360 - θ, which is precisely matched to the difference in sample time between the voltage and the current of a given phase. This digital filter does not affect the amplitude of the signal, but provides a precisely controlled phase response. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 19 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet The recommended ADC multiplexer sequence samples the current first, immediately followed by sampling of the corresponding phase voltage, thus the voltage is delayed by a phase angle Ф relative to the current. The delay compensation implemented in the CE aligns the voltage samples with their corresponding current samples by first delaying the current samples by one full sample interval (i.e., o 360 ), then routing the voltage samples through the all-pass filter, thus delaying the voltage samples by 360o - θ, resulting in the residual phase error between the current and its corresponding voltage of θ – Ф. The residual phase error is negligible, and is typically less than ±1.5 milli-degrees at 100Hz, thus it does not contribute to errors in the energy measurements. When using remote sensors, the CE performs the same delay compensation described above to align each voltage sample with its corresponding current sample. Even though the remote current samples do not pass through the 71M6543 multiplexer, their timing relationship to their corresponding voltages is fixed and precisely known, provided that the MUXn_SEL[3:0] slot assignment fields are programmed as shown in Table 1. Note that these slot assignments result in VA, VB and VC occupying multiplexer slots 3, 4 and 5, respectively (see Figure 4). 2.2.4 ADC Pre-Amplifier The ADC pre-amplifier is a low-noise differential amplifier with a fixed gain of 8 available only on the IADC0-IADC1 sensor input pins. A gain of 8 is enabled by setting PRE_E = 1 (I/O RAM 0x2704[5]). When disabled, the supply current of the pre-amplifier is =1 S1CON.1 (TI1) byte transmitted IEN0.1 (ET0) Timer 0 XPULSE YPULSE 2 WPULSE VPULSE 1 3 DIO CE_BUSY overflow occurred TCON.5 (TF0) IE_XPULSE IE_YPULSE IE_WPULSE IE_VPULSE TCON.3 (IE1) I3FR CE detected zero crossing CE detected sag Wh pulse VARh pulse DIO status changed EX_XPULSE EX_YPULSE EX_WPULSE EX_VPULSE DIO_Rn IEN1.1 (EX2) >=1 I2FR IRCON.1 (IEX2) IP1.1/ IP0.1 IEN0.2 (EX1) IEN1.2 (EX3) IP1.2/ IP0.2 CE completed code run and has new status information overflow occurred IRCON.2 (IEX3) IEN0.3 (ET1) Timer 1 TCON.7 (TF1) IEN1.3 (EX4) IP1.3/ IP0.3 4 VSTAT Supply status changed IRCON.3 (IEX4) S0CON.0 (RI0) >=1 S0CON.0 (TI0) IE_EEX >=1 IE_SPI IEN1.5 (EX6) IRCON.5 (IEX6) >=1 IP1.5/ IP0.5 IRCON.4 (IEX5) IEN0.4 (ES0) IEN1.4 (EX5) IP1.4/ IP0.4 byte received UART0 byte transmitted BUSY fell command received accumulation cycle completed every second every minute EEPROM 5 SPI EX_EEX EX_SPI XFER_BUSY EX_XFER EX_RTC1S EX_RTC1M EX_RTCT IE_XFER IE_RTC1S IE_RTC1M IE_RTCT RTC_1S 6 RTC_1M RTC_T alarm clock Flag=1 means that an interrupt has occurred and has not been cleared EX0 – EX6 are cleared automaticallywhen the hardware vectors to the interrupt handler Interrupt Vector 3/19/2010 Figure 12: Interrupt Structure 46 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 Polling Sequence byte received IEN2.0 (ES1) IP1.0/ IP0.0 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 2.5 2.5.1 On-Chip Resources Physical Memory 2.5.1.1 Flash Memory The device includes 64 KB (71M6543F/H) or 128 KB (71M6543G/GH) of on-chip flash memory. The flash memory primarily contains MPU and CE program code. It also contains images of the CE RAM and I/O RAM. On power-up, before enabling the CE, the MPU copies these images to their respective locations. Flash space allocated for the CE program is limited to 4096 16-bit words (8 KB). The CE program must begin on a 1-KB boundary of the flash address space. The CE_LCTN[6/5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2109[5:0] ) field on the 71M6543F/H and the CE_LCTN[6:0] (I/O RAM 0x2109[6:0]) field on the 71M6543G/GH define which 1-KB boundary contains the CE code. Thus, the first CE instruction is located at 1024*CE_LCTN[6/5:0] on the 71M6543F/H and at 1024*CE_LCTN[6:0] on the 71M6543G/GH. Flash memory can be accessed by the MPU, the CE, and by the SPI interface (R/W). T able 39: Flash Memory Access Access by MPU CE SPI Flash Write Procedures If the FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] (I/O RAM 0x2702[7:4]) key is correctly programmed, the MPU may write to the flash memory. This is one of the non-volatile storage options available to the user in addition to external EEPROM. The flash program write enable bit, FLSH_PSTWR (SFR 0xB2[0]), differentiates 80515 data store instructions (MOVX@DPTR,A) between Flash and XRAM writes. This bit is automatically cleared by hardware after each byte write operation. Write operations to this bit are inhibited when interrupts are enabled. If the CE is enabled (CE_E = 1, I/O RAM 0x2106[0]), flash write operations must not be attempted unless FLSH_PSTWR is set. This bit enables the “posted flash write” capability. FLSH_PSTWR has no effect when CE_E = 0). When CE_E = 1, however, FLSH_PSTWR delays a flash write until the time interval between the CE code passes. During this delay time, the FLSH_PEND (SFR 0xB2[3]) bit is high, and the MPU continues to execute commands. When the CE code pass ends (CE_BUSY falls), the FLSH_PEND bit falls and the write operation occurs. The MPU can query the FLSH_PEND bit to determine when the write operation has been completed. While FLSH_PEND = 1, further flash write requests are ignored. Updating Individual Bytes in Flash Memory The original state of a flash byte is 0xFF (all bits are 1). Once a value other than 0xFF is written to a flash memory cell, overwriting with a different value usually requires that the cell be erased first. Since cells cannot be erased individually, the page has to be first copied to RAM, followed by a page erase. After this, the page can be updated in RAM and then written back to the flash memory. Flash Erase Procedures Flash erasure is initiated by writing a specific data pattern to specific SFR registers in the proper sequence. These special pattern/sequence requirements prevent inadvertent erasure of the flash memory. The mass erase sequence is: • • W rite 1 to the FLSH_MEEN bit (SFR 0xB2[1]). W rite the pattern 0xAA to the FLSH_ERASE (SFR 0x94) register. The mass erase cycle can only be initiated when the ICE port is enabled. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 47 Access Type R/W/E R R/W/E Condition W/E only if CE is disabled. Access only when SFM is invoked (MPU halted). 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet The page erase sequence is: • • W rite the page address to FLSH_PGADR[5:0] (SFR 0xB7[7:2]). W rite the pattern 0x55 to the FLSH_ERASE register (SFR 0x94). Bank-Switching in the 71M6543G/GH The 128 KB program memory in the 71M6543G/GH consists of a fixed lower bank of 32 KB, addressable at 0x0000 to 0x7FFF plus an upper banked area of 32 KB, addressable at 0x8000 to 0xFFFF. The I/O RAM register FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]) is used to switch four memory banks of 32 KB each into the address range from 0x8000 to 0xFFFF. Note that when FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]) = 0, the upper bank is the same as the lower bank. T able 40: Bank Switching with FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0])in the 71M6543G/GH 71M6543G/GH Address Range for Lower Address Range for Upper FL_BANK[1:0] Bank (0x0000-0x7FFF) Bank (0x8000-0xFFFF) 00 01 10 11 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x8000-0xFFFF 0x10000-0x17FFF 0x18000-0x1FFFF In the 71M6543G/GH, the address that the FLSH_PGADR[6:0] (SFR 0xB7[7:1]) points to in the program address space can reference different flash memory locations, depending on the setting of the FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]) bits. The CE_LCTN[6:0] (I/O RAM 0x2109[6:0]) field on the 71M6543G/GH on the other hand, points directly to a location in the flash memory are not affected by the FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]) bits Program Security W hen enabled, the security feature limits the ICE to global flash erase operations only. All other ICE operations, such as reading via the SPI or ICE port, are blocked. This guarantees the security of the user’s MPU and CE program code. Security is enabled by MPU code that is executed in a 64 CKMPU cycle pre-boot interval before the primary boot sequence begins. Once security is enabled, the only way to disable it is to perform a global erase of the flash, followed by a chip reset. The first 60 cycles of the MPU boot code are called the pre-boot phase because during this phase the ICE is inhibited. A read-only status bit, PREBOOT (SFR 0xB2[7]), identifies these cycles to the MPU. Upon completion of pre-boot, the ICE can be enabled and is permitted to take control of the MPU. The security enable bit, SECURE (SFR 0xB2[6]), is reset whenever the chip is reset. Hardware associated with the bit allows only ones to be written to it. Thus, pre-boot code may set SECURE to enable the security feature but may not reset it. Once SECURE is set, the pre-boot and CE code are protected from erasure, and no external read of program code is possible. Specifically, when the SECURE bit is set, the following applies: • • • The ICE is limited to bulk flash erase only. Page zero of flash memory, the preferred location for the user’s pre-boot code, may not be page-erased by either MPU or ICE. Page zero may only be erased with global flash erase. W rite operations to page zero, whether by MPU or ICE are inhibited. The 71M6543 also includes hardware to protect against unintentional Flash write and erase. To enable flash write and erase operations, a 4-bit hardware key that must be written to the FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] field. The key is the binary number ‘0010’. If FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] is not ‘0010’, the Flash erase and write operation is inhibited by hardware. Proper operation of this security key requires that there be no firmware function that writes ‘0010’ to FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0]. The key should be written by the external SPI master, in the case of SPI flash programming (SFM mode), or through the ICE interface in the case of ICE flash programming. When a boot loader is used, the key should be sent to the boot load code which then writes it to 48 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0]. FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] is not automatically reset. It should be cleared when the SPI or ICE has finished changing the Flash. Table 41 summarizes the I/O RAM registers used for flash security. T able 41: Flash Security Name FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] Location 2702[7:4] Rst 0 Wk 0 Dir R/W Description SECURE SFR B2[6] 0 0 R/W Must be a 2 to enable any flash modification. See the description of Flash security for more details. Inhibits erasure of page 0 and flash addresses above the beginning of CE code as defined by CE_LCTN[6/5:0](I/O RAM 0x2109[5:0]) on the 71M6543F/H and CE_LCTN[6:0] I/O RAM 0x2109[6:0]) on the 71M6543G/GH. Also inhibits the read of flash via the ICE and SPI ports. SPI Flash Mode In normal operation, the SPI slave interface cannot read or write the flash memory. However, the 71M6543 contains a Special Flash Mode (SFM) that facilitates initial (production) programming of the flash memory. When the 71M6543 is in SFM mode, the SPI interface can erase, read, and write the flash. Other memory elements such as XRAM and I/O RAM are not accessible to the SPI in this mode. In order to protect the flash contents, several operations are required before the SFM mode is successfully invoked. When the 71M6543G/GH is operating SFM, SPI single-byte transactions are used to write to FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]). During an SPI single-byte transaction, SPI_CMD[1:0] will over-write the contents of FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]). This will allow for access of the entire 128 KB flash memory while operating in SFM. Details on the SFM can be found in 2.5.12 SPI Slave Port. 2.5.1.2 MPU/CE RAM The 71M6543 includes 5 KB of static RAM memory on-chip (XRAM) plus 256 bytes of internal RAM in the MPU core. The 5KB of static RAM are used for data storage by both MPU and CE and for the communication between MPU and CE. 2.5.1.3 I/O RAM (Configuration RAM) The I/O RAM can be seen as a series of hardware registers that control basic hardware functions. I/O RAM address space starts at 0x2000. The registers of the I/O RAM are listed in Table 69. The 71M6543 includes 128 bytes non-volatile RAM memory on-chip in the I/O RAM address space (addresses 0x2800 to 0x287F). This memory section is supported by the voltage applied at VBAT_RTC, and the data in it are preserved in BRN, LCD, and SLP modes as long as the voltage at VBAT_RTC is within specification. 2.5.2 Oscillator The 71M6543 oscillator drives a standard 32.768 kHz watch crystal. This type of crystal is accurate and does not require a high-current oscillator circuit. The oscillator has been designed specifically to handle watch crystals and is compatible with their high impedance and limited power handling capability. The oscillator power dissipation is very low to maximize the lifetime of any battery attached to VBAT_RTC. Oscillator calibration can improve the accuracy of both the RTC and metering. Refer to 2.5.4, Real-Time Clock (RTC) for more information. The oscillator is powered from the V3P3SYS pin or from the VBAT_RTC pin, depending on the V3OK internal bit (i.e., V3OK = 1 if V3P3SYS ≥ 2.8 VDC and V3OK = 0 if V3P3SYS < 2.8 VDC). The oscillator requires approximately 100 nA, which is negligible compared to the internal leakage of a battery. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 49 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Although the oscillator may appear to work when VBAT is not connected, this mode of operation is not recommended. If VBAT_RTC is connected to a drained battery or disconnected, a battery test that sets TEMP_BAT may drain the supply connected to VBAT_RTC and cause the oscillator to stop. A stopped oscillator may force the device to reset. Therefore, an unexpected reset during a battery test should be interpreted as a battery failure. 2.5.3 PLL and Internal Clocks Timing for the device is derived from the 32.768 kHz crystal oscillator output that is multiplied by a PLL by 600 to obtain 19.660800 MHz, the master clock (MCK). All on-chip timing, except for the RTC clock, is derived from MCK. Table 42 provides a summary of the clock functions and their controls. The two general-purpose counter/timers contained in the MPU are controlled by CKMPU (see 2.4.7 Timers and Counters). The master clock can be boosted to 19.66 MHz by setting the PLL_FAST bit = 1 (I/O RAM 0x2200[4]) and can be reduced to 6.29 MHz by PLL_FAST = 0. The MPU clock frequency CKMPU is determined by another divider controlled by the I/O RAM control field MPU_DIV[2:0] (I/O RAM 0x2200[2:0]) and can be -( MPU_DIV+2) where MPU_DIV[2:0] may vary from 0 to 4. When the ICE_E pin is high, the set to MCK*2 circuit also generates the 9.83 MHz clock for use by the emulator. The PLL is only turned off in SLP mode or in LCD mode when LCD_BSTE is disabled. The LCD_BSTE value depends on the setting of the LCD_VMODE [1:0] field (see Table 52). When the part is waking up from SLP or LCD modes, the PLL is turned on in 6.29 MHz mode, and the PLL frequency is not be accurate until the PLL_OK (SFR 0xF9[4]) flag rises. Due to potential overshoot, the MPU should not change the value of PLL_FAST until PLL_OK is true. 50 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 42: Clock System Summary Clock OSC MCK CKCE CKADC CKMPU CKICE CKOPTMOD CK32 Derived From Crystal Crystal/PLL MCK MCK MCK MCK MCK MCK Fixed Frequency or Range PLL_FAST=1 PLL_FAST=0 Controlled by Function 32.768 kHz – Crystal clock 19.660800 MHz 6.291456 MHz PLL_FAST Master clock (600*CK32) (192*CK32) 4.9152 MHz 1.5728 MHz – CE clock 1.572864 MHz, 4.9152 MHz, ADC_DIV ADC clock 2.4576 MHz 0.786432 MHz 4.9152 MHz … 1.572864 MHz… MPU_DIV[2:0] MPU clock 307.2 kHz 98.304 kHz 9.8304 MHz… 3.145728 MHz … MPU_DIV[2:0] ICE clock 196.608 kHz 614.4 kHz Optical UART 38.40 kHz 38.6 kHz – Modulation 32.768 kHz – 32 kHz clock 2.5.4 Real-Time Clock (RTC) 2.5.4.1 RTC General Description The RTC is driven directly by the crystal oscillator and is powered by either the V3P3SYS pin or the VBAT_RTC pin, depending on the V3OK internal bit. The RTC consists of a counter chain and output registers. The counter chain consists of registers for seconds, minutes, hours, day of week, day of month, month, and year. The chain registers are supported by a shadow register that facilitates read and write operations. Table 43 shows the I/O RAM registers for accessing the RTC. 2.5.4.2 Accessing the RTC Two bits, RTC_RD (I/O RAM 0x2890[6] ) and RTC_WR (I/O RAM 0x2890[7]), control the behavior of the shadow register. When RTC_RD is low, the shadow register is updated by the RTC after each two milliseconds. When RTC_RD is high, this update is halted and the shadow register contents become stationary and are suitable to be read by the MPU. Thus, when the MPU wishes to read the RTC, it freezes the shadow register by setting the RTC_RD bit, reads the shadow register, and then lowers the RTC_RD bit to let updates to the shadow register resume. Since the RTC clock is only 500 Hz, there may be a delay of approximately 2 ms from when the RTC_RD bit is lowered until the shadow register receives its first update. Reads to RTC_RD continues to return a one until the first shadow update occurs. When RTC_WR is high, the update of the shadow register is also inhibited. During this time, the MPU may overwrite the contents of the shadow register. When RTC_WR is lowered, the shadow register is written into the RTC counter on the next 500Hz RTC clock. A ‘change’ bit is included for each word in the shadow register to ensure that only programmed words are updated when the MPU writes a zero to RTC_WR. Reads of RTC_WR returns one until the counter has actually been updated by the register. The sub-second register of the RTC, RTC_SBSC (I/O RAM 0x2892), can be read by the MPU after the one second interrupt and before reaching the next one second boundary. RTC_SBSC contains the count since the last full second, in 1/128 second nominal clock periods, until the next one-second boundary. When the RST_SUBSEC bit is written, the SUBSEC counter is restarted, counting from 0 to 127. Reading and resetting the sub-second counter can be used as part of an algorithm to accurately set the RTC. The RTC is capable of processing leap years. Each counter has its own output register. The RTC chain registers are not be affected by the reset pin, watchdog timer resets, or by transitions between the battery modes and mission mode. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 51 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 43: RTC Control Registers Name RTCA_ADJ[6:0] RTC_P[16:14] RTC_P[13:6] RTC_P[5:0] RTC_Q[1:0] Location 2504[6:0] 289B[2:0] 289C[7:0] 289D[7:2] 289D[1:0] Rst 40 4 0 0 0 Wk -4 0 0 0 Dir R/W R/W Description Register for analog RTC frequency adjustment. Registers for digital RTC adjustment. 0x0FFBF ≤ RTC_P ≤ 0x10040 Register for digital RTC adjustment. Freezes the RTC shadow register so it is suitable for MPU reads. When RTC_RD is read, it returns the status of the shadow register: 0 = up to date, 1 = frozen. Writing 0 to RTC_RD bit to enable shadow register update, and writing 1 to RTC_RD to disable update Freezes the RTC shadow register so it is suitable for MPU write operations. When RTC_WR is cleared, the contents of the shadow register are written to the RTC counter on the next RTC clock (~1 kHz). When RTC_WR is read, it returns 1 as long as RTC_WR is set, and continues to return one until the RTC counter is updated. Writing 0 to RTC_WR bit to enable copying the shadow register contents to RTC counter, and writing 1 to RTC_WR to disable copying Indicates that a count error has occurred in the RTC and that the time is not trustworthy. This bit can be cleared by writing a 0. Time remaining since the last 1 second boundary. LSB = 1/128 second. R/W RTC_RD 2890[6] 0 0 R/W RTC_WR 2890[7] 0 0 R/W RTC_FAIL RTC_SBSC[7:0] 2890[4] 2892[7:0] 0 0 R/W R 2.5.4.3 RTC Rate Control The 71M6543 has two rate adjustment mechanisms: • • The first rate adjustment mechanism is an analog rate adjustment, using the I/O RAM register RTCA_ADJ[6:0], that trims the crystal load capacitance. The second rate adjustment mechanism is a digital rate adjust that affects the way the clock frequency is processed in the RTC. Setting RTCA_ADJ[6:0] to 00 minimizes the load capacitance, maximizing the oscillator frequency. Setting RTCA_ADJ[6:0] to 0x7F maximizes the load capacitance, minimizing the oscillator frequency. The adjustable capacitance is approximately: C ADJ = RTCA _ ADJ ⋅ 16.5 pF 128 The precise amount of adjustment depends on the crystal properties, the PCB layout and the value of the external crystal capacitors (see CXS and CXS in Table 89). The adjustment may occur at any time, and the resulting clock frequency should be measured over a one-second interval. The second rate adjustment is digital, and can be used to adjust the clock rate up to ±988ppm, with a resolution of 3.8 ppm. The rate adjustment is implemented starting at the next second-boundary following the adjustment. Since the LSB (define first) results in an adjustment every four seconds, the frequency should be measured over an interval that is a multiple of four seconds. The clock rate is adjusted by writing the appropriate values to RTC_P[16:0] (I/O RAM 0x289B[2:0], 0x289C, 0x289D[7:2]) and RTC_Q[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x289D[1:0]). Updates to RTC rate adjust registers, RTC_P and RTC_Q, are done through the shadow register described above. The new values are loaded into the counters when RTC_WR (I/O RAM 0x2890[7]) is lowered. 52 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet The default frequency is 32,768 RTCLK cycles per second. To shift the clock frequency by ∆ ppm, RTC_P and RTC_Q are calculated using the following equation:  32768 ⋅ 8  4 ⋅ RTC_P + RTC_Q = floor  + 0.5  −6  1 + ∆ ⋅10  Conversely, the amount of ppm shift for a given value of 4RTC_P+RTC_Q is:   32768 ⋅ 8 − 1 ⋅ 106 ∆( ppm) =    4 ⋅ RTCP + RTCQ   For example, for a shift of -988 ppm, 4 ⋅ RTC_P + RTC_Q = 262403 = 0x40103. RTC_P[16:0] = 0x10040, (I/O RAM 0x289B[2:0], 0x289C, 0x289D[7:2]) and RTC_Q[1:0] = 0x03 (I/O RAM 0x289D[1:0]. The default values of RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0], corresponding to zero adjustment, are 0x10000 and 0x0, respectively. Two settings for the TMUX2OUT test pin, PULSE_1S and PULSE_4S, are available for measuring and calibrating the RTC clock frequency. These are waveforms of approximately 25% duty cycle with 1s or 4s period. Default values for RTCA_ADJ[6:0] , RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0] should be nominal values, at the center of the adjustment range. Un-calibrated extreme values (zero, for example) can cause incorrect operation. If the crystal temperature coefficient is known, the MPU can integrate temperature and correct the RTC time as necessary. Alternatively, the characteristics can be loaded into an NV RAM and the OSC_COMP (I/O RAM 0x28A0[5]) bit may be set. In this case, the oscillator is adjusted automatically, even in SLP mode. See 2.5.4.4 RTC Temperature Compensation for details. 2.5.4.4 RTC Temperature Compensation The 71M6543 can be configured to regularly measure die temperature, including in SLP and LCD modes and while the MPU is halted. If enabled by OSC_COMP, this temperature information is automatically used to correct for the temperature variation of the crystal. A table lookup method is used. Table 44 shows I/O RAM registers involved in automatic RTC temperature compensation. T able 44: I/O RAM Registers for RTC Temperature Compensation Name OSC_COMP STEMP[10:3] STEMP[2:0] LKPADDR[6:0] Location 28A0[5] 2881[7:0] 2882[7:5] 2887[6:0] Rst 0 – 0 Wk 0 – 0 Dir R/W R R/W Description Enables the automatic update of RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0] every time the temperature is measured. The result of the temperature measurement (10-bits of magnitude data plus a sign bit). The address for reading and writing the RTC lookup RAM. Auto-increment flag. When set, LKPADDR[6:0] auto increments every time LKP_RD or LKP_WR is pulsed. The incremented address can be read at LKPADDR[6:0]. The data for reading and writing the RTC lookup RAM. Strobe bits for the RTC lookup RAM read and write. When set, the LKPADDR[6:0] and LKPDAT registers are used in a read or write operation. When a strobe is set, it stays set until the operation completes, at which time the strobe is cleared and LKPADDR[6:0] is incremented if LKPAUTOI is set. LKPAUTOI 2887[7] 0 0 R/W LKPDAT[7:0] 2888[7:0] 0 0 R/W LKP_RD LKP_WR 2889[1] 2889[0] 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W Referring to Figure 13 the table lookup method uses the 10-bits plus sign-bit value in STEMP[10:0] right-shifted by two bits to obtain an 8-bit plus sign value (i.e., NV RAM Address = STEMP[10:0]/4). A v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 53 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet limiter ensures that the resulting look-up address is in the 6-bit plus sign range of -64 to +63 (decimal). The 8-bit NV RAM content pointed to by the address is added as a 2’s complement value to 0x40000, the nominal value of 4*RTC_P[16:0] + RTC_Q[1:0]. Refer to 2.5.4.3 RTC Rate Control for information on the rate adjustments performed by registers RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0]. The 8-bit values loaded in to NV RAM must be scaled correctly to produce rate adjustments that are consistent with the equations given in 2.5.4.3 RTC Rate Control for RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0]. Note that the sum of the looked-up 8-bit 2’s complement value and 0x40000 form a 19bit value, which is equal to 4*RTC_P[16:0] + RTC_Q[1:0], as shown in Figure 13. The output of the Temperature Compensation is automatically loaded into the RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0] locations after each look-up and summation operation. LIMIT STEMP 10+S >>2 8+S 63 Look Up RAM ADDR 63 255 -256 -64 -64 6+S Q 7+S 19 Σ 19 4*RTC_P+RTC_Q 0x40000 Figure 13: Automatic Temperature Compensation The 128 NV RAM locations are organized in 2’s complement format. As mentioned above, the STEMP[10:0] digital temperature values are scaled such that the corresponding NV RAM addresses are equal to STEMP[10:0]/4 (limited in the range of -64 to +63). See 2.5.5 71M6543 Temperature Sensor on page 55 for the equations to calculate temperature in degrees °C from the STEMP[10:0] reading. For proper operation, the MPU has to load the lookup table with values that reflect the crystal properties with respect to temperature, which is typically done once during initialization. Since the lookup table is not directly addressable, the MPU uses the following procedure to load the NV RAM table: 1. Set the LKPAUTOI bit (I/O RAM 0x2887[7]) to enable address auto-increment. 2. Write zero into the I/O RAM register LKPADDR[6:0] (I/O RAM 0x2887[6:0]). 3. Write the 8-bit datum into I/O RAM register LKPDAT (I/O RAM 0x2888). 4. Set the LKP_WR bit (I/O RAM 0x2889[0]) to write the 8-bit datum into NV_RAM 5. Wait for LKP_WR to clear (LKP_WR auto-clears when the data has been copied to NV RAM). 6. Repeat steps 3 through 5 until all data has been written to NV RAM. The NV RAM table can also be read by writing a 1 into the LKP_RD bit (I/O RAM 0x2889[1]). The process of reading from and writing to the NV RAM is accelerated by setting the LKPAUTOI bit (I/O RAM 0x2887[7]). When LKPAUTOI is set, LKPADDR[6:0] (I/O RAM 0x2887[6:0]) auto-increments every time LKP_RD or LKP_WR is pulsed. It is also possible to perform random access of the NV RAM by writing a 0 to the LKPAUTOI bit and loading the desired address into LKPADDR[6:0]. If the oscillator temperature compensation feature is not being used, it is possible to use the NV RAM storage area as ordinary battery-backed NV storage space using the procedure described above to read and write NV RAM data. In this case, the OSC_COMP bit (I/O RAM 0x28A0[5]) is reset to disable the automatic oscillator temperature compensation feature. 2.5.4.5 RTC Interrupts The RTC generates interrupts each second and each minute. These interrupts are called RTC_1SEC and RTC_1MIN. In addition, the RTC functions as an alarm clock by generating an interrupt when the minutes and hours registers both equal their respective target counts as defined in . The alarm clock interrupt is called RTC_T. All three interrupts appear in the MPU’s external interrupt 6. See Table 33 in the interrupt section for the enable bits and flags for these interrupts. The minute and hour target registers are listed in Table 45. 54 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 45: I/O RAM Registers for RTC Interrupts Name Location Rst 0 0 Wk 0 0 Dir Description RTC_TMIN[5:0] 289E[5:0] RTC_THR[4:0] 289F[4:0] R/W The target minutes register. See below. The target hours register. The RTC_T interrupt occurs R/W when RTC_MIN[5:0] becomes equal to RTC_TMIN[5:0] and RTC_HR[4:0] becomes equal to RTC_THR[4:0]. 2.5.5 71M6543 Temperature Sensor T he 71M6543 includes an on-chip temperature sensor for determining the temperature of its bandgap reference. The primary use of the temperature data is to determine the magnitude of compensation required to offset the thermal drift in the system for the compensation of current, voltage and energy measurement and the RTC. See 4.5 Metrology Temperature Compensation on page 89. Also see 2.5.4.4 RTC Temperature Compensation on page 53. Unlike earlier generation Teridian SoCs, the 71M6543 does not use the ADC to read the temperature sensor. Instead, it uses a technique that is operational in SLP and LCD mode, as well as BRN and MSN modes. This means that the temperature sensor can be used to compensate for the frequency variation of the crystal, even in SLP mode while the MPU is halted. See 2.5.4.4 RTC Temperature Compensation on page 53. In MSN and BRN modes, the temperature sensor is awakened on command from the MPU by setting the TEMP_START (I/O RAM 0x28B4[6]) control bit. In SLP and LCD modes, it is awakened at a regular rate set by TEMP_PER[2:0] (I/O RAM 0x28A0[2:0]). The result of the temperature measurement is read from the two I/O RAM locations STEMP[10:3] (I/O RAM 0x2881) and STEMP[2:0] (I/O RAM 0x2882[7:5]). Note that both of these I/O RAM locations must be read and properly combined to form the STEMP[10:0] 11-bit value (see STEMP in Table 46). The resulting 11-bit value is in 2’s complement form and ranges from -1024 to +1023 (decimal). The equations below are used to calculate the sensed temperature. The first equation applies when the 71M6543F and 71M6543G are in MSN mode and TEMP_PWR = 1. The second equation applies when the 71M6543F and 71M6543G are in BRN mode, and in this case, the TEMP_PWR and TEMP_BSEL bits must both be set to the same value, so that the battery that supplies the temperature sensor is also the battery that is measured and reported in BSENSE. Thus, the second equation requires reading STEMP and BSENSE. In the second equation, BSENSE (the sensed battery voltage) is used to obtain a more accurate temperature reading when the IC is in BRN mode. A second set of equations if provided for the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH high precision parts. The coefficients provided in the various STEMP equations below are typical. For the 71M6543F and 71M6543G in MSN Mode (with TEMP_PWR = 1): Temp(°C ) = 0.325 ⋅ STEMP + 22 For the 71M6543F and 71M6543G in BRN Mode, (with TEMP_PWR=TEMP_BSEL): Temp(oC ) = 0.325 ⋅ STEMP + 0.00218 ⋅ BSENSE 2 − 0.609 ⋅ BSENSE + 64.4 For the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH in BRN mode (with TEMP_PWR=TEMP_BSEL): If STEMP ≤ 0: ������������������������(℃) = 0.325 ∙ ������������������������������ + 0.00218 ∙ ������������������������������������ 2 − 0.609 ∙ ������������������������������������ + 64.4 ������������������������(℃) = 63 ∙ ������������������������������ + 0.00218 ∙ ������������������������������������2 − 0.609 ∙ ������������������������������������ + 64.4 ������������������������_85 If STEMP > 0: v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 55 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Table 46 shows the I/O RAM registers used for temperature and battery measurement. If TEMP_PWR selects VBAT_RTC when the battery is nearly discharged, the temperature measurement may not finish. In this case, firmware may complete the measurement by selecting V3P3D (TEMP_PWR = 1). T able 46: I/O RAM Registers for Temperature and Battery Measurement Name TBYTE_BUSY Location 28A0[3] Rst 0 Wk 0 Dir R Description Indicates that hardware is still writing the 0x28A0 byte. Additional writes to this byte are locked out while it is one. Write duration could be as long as 6 ms. Sets the period between temperature measurements. Automatic measurements can be enabled in any mode (MSN, BRN, LCD, or SLP). TEMP_PER 0 1-6 7 Time Manual updates (see TEMP_START) 2 ^ (3+TEMP_PER) (seconds) Continuous TEMP_PER[2:0] 28A0[2:0] 0 – R/W TEMP_BAT 28A0[4] 0 – TEMP_START 28B4[6] 0 – TEMP_PWR 28A0[6] 0 – TEMP_BSEL 28A0[7] 0 – TEMP_TEST[1:0] 2500[1:0] 0 – Causes VBAT to be measured whenever a temperature measurement is performed. TEMP_PER[2:0] must be zero in order for TEMP_START t o function. If TEMP_PER[2:0] = 0, then setting TEMP_START starts a temperature measurement. R/W Ignored in SLP and LCD modes. Hardware clears TEMP_START when the temperature measurement is complete. Selects the power source for the temperature sensor: 1 = V3P3D, 0 = VBAT_RTC. This bit is ignored in R/W SLP and LCD modes, where the temperature sensor is always powered by VBAT_RTC. Selects which battery is monitored by the R/W temperature sensor: 1 = VBAT, 0 = VBAT_RTC Test bits for the temperature monitor VCO. TEMP_TEST must be 00 in regular operation. Any other value causes the VCO to run continuously with the control voltage described below. R/W TEMP_TEST Function R/W 00 01 1X Normal operation Reserved for factory test Reserved for factory test STEMP[10:3] STEMP[2:0] 2881[7:0] 2882[7:5] BSENSE[7:0] BCURR 2885[7:0] 2704[3] – 0 – 0 The result of the temperature measurement. The STEMP[10:0] value may be obtained in C with a single 16-bit read and divide by 32 operation as follows: volatile int16_t xdata STEMP _at_0x2881; f a = (float)(STEMP/32); R The result of the battery measurement. Connects a 100 µA load to the battery selected by R/W TEMP_BSEL. R R 2.5.6 56 71M6xx3 Temperature Sensor © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T he 71M6xx3 includes an on-chip temperature sensor for determining the temperature of its bandgap reference. The primary use of the temperature data is to determine the magnitude of compensation required to offset the thermal drift in the system for the compensation of the current measurement performed by the71M6xx3. See the 71M6xxx Data Sheet for the equation to calculate temperature from the 71M6xx3 STEMP[10:0] reading. Also, see 4.5 Metrology Temperature Compensation on page 89. See 2.2.8.3 Control of the 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensor on page 22 for information on how to read the STEMP[10:0] information from the 71M6xx3. 2.5.7 71M6543 Battery Monitor The 71M6543 temperature measurement circuit can also monitor the batteries at the VBAT and VBAT_RTC pins. The battery to be tested (i.e., VBAT or VBAT_RTC pin) is selected by TEMP_BSEL (I/O RAM 0x28A0[7]). When TEMP_BAT (I/O RAM 0x28A0[4] ) is set, a battery measurement is performed as part of each temperature measurement. The value of the battery reading is stored in register BSENSE[7:0] (I/O RAM 0x2885). The following equations are used to calculate the voltage measured on the VBAT pin (or VBAT_RTC pin) from the BSENSE[7:0] and STEMP[10:0] values. The result of the equation below is in volts. A slightly different equation is used for MSN mode and BRN mode, as follows. In MSN mode, TEMP_PWR = 1 use: VBAT (orVBAT _ RTC ) = 3.3V + ( BSENSE − 142) ⋅ 0.0246V + STEMP ⋅ 0.000297V In BRN mode, TEMP_PWR = TEMP_BSEL use: VBAT (orVBAT _ RTC ) = 3.291V + ( BSENSE − 142) ⋅ 0.0255V + STEMP ⋅ 0.000328V In MSN mode, a 100 µA de-passivation load can be applied to the selected battery (i.e., selected by the TEMP_BSEL bit) by setting the BCURR (I/O RAM 0x2704[3]) bit. Battery impedance can be measured by taking a battery measurement with and without BCURR. Regardless of the BCURR bit setting, the battery load is never applied in BRN, LCD, and SLP modes. 2.5.8 71M6xx3 VCC Monitor The 71M6xx3 monitors its VCC pin voltage. The voltage of the VCC pin can be obtained by the 71M6543 by issuing a read command to the 71M6xx3. The 71M6543 must request both the VSENSE[7:0] and STEMP[10:0] values from the 71M6xx3. See the 71M6xxx Data Sheet for the equation to calculate the 71M6xx3 VCC pin voltage from the VSENSE[7:0] and STEMP[10:0] values read from the 71M6xx3. See 2.2.8.3 Control of the 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensor on page 22 for information on how to read VSENSE[7:0] and STEMP[10:0] from the 71M6xx3 remote sensors. 2.5.9 UART and Optical Interface The 71M6543 provides two asynchronous interfaces, UART0 and UART1. Both can be used to connect to AMR modules, user interfaces, etc., and also support a mechanism for programming the on-chip flash memory. Referring to Figure 14, UART1 includes an interface to implement an IR/optical port. The pin OPT_TX is designed to directly drive an external LED for transmitting data on an optical link. The pin OPT_RX has the same threshold as the RX pin, but can also be used to sense the input from an external photo detector used as the receiver for the optical link. OPT_TX and OPT_RX are connected to a dedicated UART port (UART1). The OPT_TX and OPT_RX pins can be inverted with configuration bits OPT_TXINV (I/O RAM 0x2456[0]) and OPT_RXINV (I/O RAM 0x2457[1]), respectively. Additionally, the OPT_TX output may be modulated at 38 kHz. Modulation is available in MSN and BRN modes (see Table 62). The OPT_TXMOD bit (I/O RAM 0x2456[1]) enables modulation. The duty cycle is controlled by OPT_FDC[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x2457[5:4]) , which can select 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% duty cycle. A 6.25% duty cycle means that OPT_TX is low for 6.25% of the period. When not needed for UART1, OPT_TX can alternatively be configured as SEGDIO51. Configuration is via the OPT_TXE[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x2456[3:2]) field and LCD_MAP[51] (I/O RAM 0x2405[0]). The v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 57 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet OPT_TXE[1:0] field allows the MPU to select VPULSE, WPULSE, SEGDIO51 or the output of the pulse modulator to be sourced onto the OPT_TX pin. Likewise, the OPT_RX pin can alternately be configured as SEGDIO55, and its control is OPT_RXDIS (I/O RAM 0x2457[2]) and LCD_MAP[55] (I/O RAM 0x2405[4]). VARPULSE WPULSE from OPT_TX UART OPT_TXINV OPT_TXMOD OPT_FDC OPT_TXMOD = 0 A B A B A EN 2 MOD DUTY DIO2 B 0 3 2 1 Internal OPT_TX V3P3 OPT_TXE[1:0] OPT_TXMOD = 1, OPT_FDC = 2 (25%) 1/38kHz Figure 14: Optical Interface Bit Banged Optical UART (Third UART) As shown in Figure 15, the 71M6543 can also be configured to drive the optical UART with a DIO signal in a bit banged configuration. When control bit OPT_BB (I/O RAM 0x2022[0]) is set, the optical port is driven by DIO5 and the SEGDIO5 pin is driven by UART1_TX. This configuration is typically used when the two dedicated UARTs must be connected to high speed clients and a slower optical UART is permissible. Internal DIO55 1 0 SEG55 1 0 UART1_RX SEGDIO55/ OPT_RX V3P3 SEGDIO51/ OPT_TX OPT_RXDIS SEG51 VARPULSE WPULSE 2 0 1 3 LCD_MAP[55] 1 0 UART1_TX DIO5 0 1 A EN OPT_TXMOD OPT_FDC OPT_TXINV 2 MOD DUTY DIO51 B LCD_MAP[51] OPT_TXE[1:0] SEG5 1 0 0 1 OPT_BB SEGDIO5/TX2 LCD_MAP[5] OPT_TXMOD=0 A B 1/38kHz OPT_TXMOD=1, OPT_FDC=2 (25%) Figure 15: Optical Interface (UART1) 2.5.10 Digital I/O and LCD Segment Drivers 2.5.10.1 General Information The 71M6543 combines most DIO pins with LCD segment drivers. Each SEG/DIO pin can be configured as a DIO pin or as a segment driver pin (SEG). On reset or power-up, all DIO pins are DIO inputs (except for SEGDIO0-15, see caution note below) until they are configured as desired under MPU control. The pin function can be configured by the I/O RAM registers LCD_MAPn (0x2405 – 0x240B). Setting the bit corresponding to the pin in LCD_MAPn to 1 configures the pin for LCD, setting LCD_MAPn to 0 configures it for DIO. 58 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet After reset or power up, pins SEGDIO0 through SEGDIO15 are initially DIO outputs, but are disabled by PORT_E = 0 (I/O RAM 0x270C[5] ) to avoid unwanted pulses during reset. After configuring pins SEGDIO0 through SEGDIO15 the MPU must enable these pins by setting PORT_E. Once a pin is configured as DIO, it can be configured independently as an input or output. For SEGDIO0 to SEGDIO15, this is done with the SFR registers P0 (SFR 0x80), P1 (SFR 0x90), P2 (SFR 0xA0) and P3 (SFR 0xB0), as shown in Table 48. Example: SEGDIO12 (pin 32 in Table 48) is configured as a DIO output pin with a value of 1 (high) by writing 0 to bit 4 of LCD_MAP[15:8] , and writing 1 to both P3[4]and P3[0] . The same pin is configured as an LCD driver by writing 1 to bit 4 of LCD_MAP[15:8]. The display information is written to bits 0 to 5 of LCD_SEG12. The PB pin is a dedicated digital input and is not part of the SEGDIO system. The CE features pulse counting registers and each pulse counter interrupt output is internally routed to the pulse interrupt logic. Thus, no routing of pulse signals to external pins is required in order to generate pulse interrupts. See interrupt source No. 2 in Figure 12. A 3-bit configuration word, I/O RAM register DIO_Rn (I/O RAM 0x2009[2:0] through 0x200E[6:4]) can be used for pins SEGDIO2 through SEGDIO11 (when configured as DIO) and PB to individually assign an internal resource such as an interrupt or a timer control (DIO_RPB[2:0], I/O RAM 0x2450[2:0], configures the PB pin). This way, DIO pins can be tracked even if they are configured as outputs. Table 48 lists the internal resources which can be assigned using DIO_R2[2:0] through DIO_R11[2:0] and DIO_RPB[2:0]. If more than one input is connected to the same resource, the resources are combined using a logical OR. T able 47: Selectable Resources using the DIO_Rn[2:0] Bits Resource Selected for SEGDIOn or PB Pin Value in DIO_Rn[2:0] 0 1 2 3 4 5 None Reserved T0 (counter0 clock) T1 (counter1 clock) High priority I/O interrupt (INT0) Low priority I/O interrupt (INT1) Note: Resources are selectable only on SEGDIO2 through SEGDIO11 and the PB pin. See Table 49. W hen driving LEDs, relay coils etc., the DIO pins should sink the current into GNDD (as shown in Figure 16, right), not source it from V3P3D (as shown in Figure 16, left). This is due to the resistance of the internal switch that connects V3P3D to either V3P3SYS or VBAT. See 6.4.6 V3P3D Switch on page 139. Sourcing current in or out of DIO pins other than those dedicated for wake functions, for example with pullup or pulldown resistors, must be avoided. Violating this rule leads to increased quiescent current in sleep and LCD modes. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 59 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet MISSION LCD/SLEEP BROWNOUT V3P3SYS VBAT V3P3D MISSION LCD/SLEEP BROWNOUT V3P3SYS VBAT V3P3D HIGH HIGH-Z LOW DIO HIGH HIGH-Z LOW DIO GNDD GNDD Not recommended Recommended Figure 16: Connecting an External Load to DIO Pins 2.5.10.2 Combined DIO and SEG Pins A total of 51 combined DIO/LCD pins are available. These pins can be categorized as follows: 39 combined DIO/LCD segment pins: o SEGDIO4…SEGDIO25 (22 pins) o SEGDIO28…SEGDIO35 (8 pins) o SEGDIO40…SEGDIO45 (6 pins) o SEGDIO52…SEGDIO54 (3 pins) 12 combined DIO/LCD segment pins shared with other functions: o SEGDIO0/WPULSE, SEGDIO1/VPULSE (2 pins) o SEGDIO2/SDCK, SEGDIO3/SDATA (2 pins) o SEGDIO26/COM5, SEGDIO27/COM4 (2 pins) o SEGDIO36/SPI_CSZ…SEGDIO39/SPI_CKI (4 pins) o SEGDIO51/OPT_TX, SEGDIO55/OPT_RX (2 pins) Additionally, 5 LCD segment (SEG) pins are available. These pins can be categorized as follows: o 3 SEG pins combined with the ICE interface (SEG48/E_RXTX, SEG49/E_TCLK, SEG50/E_RST) o 2 SEG pins combined with the test multiplexer outputs (SEG46/TMUX2OUT, SEG47/TMUXOUT) Thus, a total of 51 DIO pins are available with minimum LCD configuration, and a total of 56 LCD pins are available with minimum DIO configuration. T able 48: Data/Direction Registers and Internal Resources for SEGDIO0 to SEGDIO15 SEGDIO Pin # Configuration: 0 = DIO, 1 = LCD SEG Data Register DIO Data Register Direction Register: 0 = input, 1 = output 60 0 45 1 44 2 43 3 42 4 41 5 39 6 38 7 37 8 36 9 35 10 34 11 33 12 32 13 31 14 30 15 29 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LCD_MAP[7:0] (I/O RAM 0x240B) LCD_MAP[15:8] (I/O RAM 0x240A) 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 LCD_SEG0[5:0] to LCD_SEG15[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2410[5:0] to 0x241F[5:0] 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 P0 (SFR80) P1 (SFR 0x90) P2 (SFR 0xA0) P3 (SFR 0xB0) 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 P0 (SFR 0x80) P1 (SFR 0x90) P2 (SFR 0xA0) P3 (SFR 0xB0) © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet SEGDIO Pin # Internal Resources Configurable (see Table 47) 0 45 1 44 2 43 3 42 4 41 5 39 6 38 7 37 8 36 9 35 10 34 11 33 12 32 13 31 14 30 15 29 – – Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y – – – – The configuration for pins SEGDIO16 to SEGDIO31 is shown in Table 49, and the configuration for pins SEGDIO32 to SEGDIO45 is shown in Table 50. The configuration for pins SEGDIO51 to SEGDIO55 is shown in Table 51. T able 49: Data/Direction Registers for SEGDIO16 to SEGDIO31 SEGDIO Pin # Configuration: 0 = DIO, 1 = LCD SEG Data Register 16 DIO Data Register Direction Register: 0 = input, 1 = output 16 16 28 0 16 17 27 18 25 19 24 20 23 21 22 22 21 23 20 24 19 25 18 26 17 27 16 28 11 29 10 30 9 31 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LCD_MAP[23:16] (I/O RAM 0x2409) LCD_MAP[31:24] (I/O RAM 0x2408) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 LCD_SEGDIO16[5:0] to LCD_SEGDIO31[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2420[5:0] to 0x242F[5:0]) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 LCD_SEGDIO16[0] to LCD_SEGDIO31[0] (I/O RAM 0x2420[0] to 0x242F[0]) 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 LCD_SEGDIO16[1] to LCD_SEGDIO31[1] (I/O RAM 0x2420[1] to 0x242F[1]) T able 50: Data/Direction Registers for SEGDIO32 to SEGDIO45 SEGDIO Pin # Configuration: 0 = DIO, 1 = LCD SEG Data Register 32 DIO Data Register Direction Register: 0 = input, 1 = output 32 33 33 32 7 0 33 6 1 34 5 35 4 36 3 37 2 38 1 39 100 40 99 41 98 42 97 43 96 44 95 45 94 5 32 33 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 LCD_MAP[39:32] LCD_MAP[45:40] (I/O RAM 0x2407) (I/O RAM 0x2406[5:0]) 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 LCD_SEGDIO32[5:0] to LCD_SEGDIO45[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2430[5:0] to 0x243D[5:0]) 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 LCD_SEGDIO32[0] to LCD_SEGDIO45[0] (I/O RAM 0x2430[0] to 0x243D[0]) 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 LCD_SEGDIO32[1] to LCD_SEGDIO45[1] (I/O RAM 0x2430[1] to 0x243D[1]) 45 45 45 T able 51: Data/Direction Registers for SEGDIO51 to SEGDIO55 SEGDIO Pin # Configuration: 0 = DIO, 1 = LCD SEG Data Register 51 53 3 52 52 4 53 51 5 54 47 55 46 – – – – – 51 52 6 7 – LCD_MAP[55:48] (I/O RAM 0x2405) 53 54 55 – – – v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 61 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet LCD_SEGDIO51[5:0] to LCD_SEGDIO55[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2443[5:0] to 0x2447[5:0]) 51 52 53 54 55 – – – LCD_SEGDIO51[0] to LCD_SEGDIO55[0] (I/O RAM 0x2443[0] to 0x2447[0]) 51 52 53 54 55 – – – LCD_SEGDIO51[1] to LCD_SEGDIO55[1] (I/O RAM 0x2443[1] to 0x2447[1]) DIO Data Register Direction Register: 0 = input, 1 = output 2.5.10.3 LCD Drivers The LCD drivers are grouped into up to six commons (COM0 – COM5) and up to 56 segment drivers. The LCD interface is flexible and can drive 7-segment digits, 14-segment digits or enunciator symbols. A voltage doubler and a contrast DAC generate VLCD from either VBAT or V3P3SYS, depending on the V3P3SYS voltage. The voltage doubler, while capable of driving into a 500 kΩ load, is able to generate a maximum LCD voltage that is within 1 V of twice the supply voltage. The doubler and DAC operate from a trimmed low-power reference. The configuration of the VLCD generation is controlled by the I/O RAM field LCD_VMODE[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x2401[7:6]). It is decoded into LCD_EXT, LDAC_E, and LCD_BSTE. Table 52 details the LCD_VMODE[1:0] configurations. 62 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 52: LCD_VMODE Configurations LCD_VMODE[1:0] LCD_EXT LDAC_E LCD_BSTE Description 11 1 0 0 External VLCD connected to the VLCD pin. LCD boost is enabled. Maximum VLCD voltage is 2*V3P3L-1. 10 0 1 1 VLCD = max(2*V3P3L-1, 2.65(1+LCD_DAC[4:0]/31) LCD boost is disabled. The maximum VLCD voltage is V3P3L. 01 0 1 0 VLCD = max(V3P3L, 2.65(1+LCD_DAC[4:0]/31) VLCD=V3P3L, the LCD DAC and LCD boost are disabled. In LCD mode, this setting causes the lowest 00 0 0 0 battery current. Notes: 1. LCD_EXT, LDAC_E and LCD_BSTE are 71M6543 internal signals which are decoded from the LCD_VMODE[1:0] control field setting (I/O RAM 0x2401[7:6]). Each of these decoded signals, when asserted, has the effect indicated in the description column above, and as summarized below. LCD_EXT : When set, the VLCD pin expects an external supply voltage LDAC_E : When set, LCD DAC is enabled LCD_BSTE : When set, the LCD boost circuit is enabled 2. V3P3L is an internal supply rail that is supplied from either the VBAT pin or the V3P3SYS pin, depending on the V3P3SYS pin voltage. When the V3P3SYS pin drops below 3.0 VDC, the 71M6543 switches to BRN mode and V3P3L is sourced from the VBAT pin, otherwise V3P3L i s sourced from the V3P3SYS pin while in MSN mode. When using the VLCD boost circuit, use care when setting the LCD_DAC[4:0] (I/O RAM 0x240D[4:0]) value to ensure that the LCD manufacturer’s recommended operating voltage specification is not exceeded. The voltage doubler is active in all LCD modes including the LCD mode when LCD_BSTE = 1. Current dissipation in LCD mode can be reduced if the boost circuit is disabled and the LCD system is operated directly from VBAT. The LCD DAC uses a low-power reference and, within the constraints of VBAT and the voltage doubler, generates a VLCD voltage of 2.65 VDC + 2.65 * LCD_DAC[4:0]/31. Two fuse bytes increase the accuracy of the LCD_DAC. LCDADJ12 and LCDADJ0 indicate the actual VLCD output voltage when the DAC is programmed to 12 and 0 respectively. The LCD_BAT (I/O RAM 0x2402[7]) bit causes the LCD system to use the battery voltage in all power modes. This may be useful when an external supply is available for the LCD system. The advantage of connecting the external supply to VBAT, rather than VLCD is that the LCD DAC is still active. If LCD_EXT = 1, the VLCD pin must be driven from an external source. In this case, the LCD DAC has no effect. The LCD system has the ability to drive up to six segments per SEG driver. If the display is configured with six back planes, the 6-way multiplexing reduces the number of SEG pins required to drive a display and therefore enhances the number of DIO pins available to the application. Refer to the LCD_MODE[2:0] f ield (I/O RAM 0x2400[6:4]) settings (Table 53) for the different LCD multiplexing choices. If 5-state multiplexing is selected, SEGDIO27 is converted to COM4. If 6-state multiplexing is selected, SEGDIO26 is converted to COM5. These conversions override the SEG/DIO mapping of SEGDIO26 and SEGDIO27. Additionally, independent of LCD_MODE[2:0], if LCD_ALLCOM = 1 (I/O RAM 0x2400[3]), then SEGDIO26 and SEGDIO27 become COM4 and COM5 if their LCD_MAP[ ] bits are set. The LCD_ON (I/O RAM 0x240C[0]) and LCD_BLANK (I/O RAM 0x240C[1]) bits are an easy way to either blank the LCD display or turn it fully on. Neither bit affects the contents of the LCD data stored in the LCDSEG_DIO[ ] registers. In comparison, LCD_RST (I/O RAM 0x240C[2]) clears all LCD data to zero. LCD_RST affects only pins that are configured as LCD. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 63 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet A small amount of power can be saved by programming the LCD frequency to the lowest value that provides satisfactory LCD visibility over the required temperature range. Table 53 shows all I/O RAM registers that control the operation of the LCD interface. T able 53: LCD Configurations Name LCD_ALLCOM LCD_BAT LCD_E Location 2400[3] 2402[7] 2400[7] Rst 0 0 0 Wk – – – Dir R/W R/W R/W Description Configures all 6 SEG/COM pins as COM. Has no effect on pins whose LCD_MAP bit is zero. Connects the LCD power supply to VBAT in all modes. Enables the LCD display. When disabled, VLC2, VLC1, and VLC0 are ground as are the COM and SEG outputs if their LCD_MAP bit is 1. LCD_ON = 1 turns on all LCD segments without affecting the LCD data. Similarly, LCD_BLANK = 1 turns off all LCD segments without affecting the LCD data. If both bits are set, all LCD segments are turned on. Clear all bits of LCD data. These bits affect SEGDIO pins that are configured as LCD drivers. This register controls the LCD contrast DAC which adjusts the VLCD voltage and has an output range of 2.65 VDC to 5.3 VDC. The VLCD voltage is VLCD = 2.65 + 2.65 * LCD_DAC[4:0]/31 Thus, the LSB of the DAC is 85.5 mV. The maximum DAC output voltage is limited by V3P3SYS, VBAT, and whether LCD_BSTE is set. Sets the LCD clock frequency (1/T). See definition of T in Figure 17. Note: fw = 32768 Hz 00-fw/2^9, 01-fw/2^8, 10-fw/2^7, 11-fw/2^6 The LCD bias and multiplex mode. LCD_ON LCD_BLANK 240C[0] 240C[1] 0 0 – – R/W R/W LCD_RST 240C[2] 0 – R/W LCD_DAC[4:0] 240D[4:0] 0 – R/W LCD_CLK[1:0] 2400[1:0] 0 – R/W Output LCD_MODE 000 4 states, 1/3 bias 001 3 states, 1/3 bias LCD_MODE[2:0] 2400[6:4] 0 – R/W 010 2 states, ½ bias 011 3 states, ½ bias 100 Static display 101 5 states, 1/3 bias 110 6 states, 1/3 bias This register specifies how VLCD is generated. LCD_VMODE Description 11 External VLCD LCD boost and LCD DAC LCD_VMODE[1:0] 2401[7:6] 00 00 R/W 10 enabled 01 LCD DAC enabled No boost and no DAC. 00 VLCD = VBAT or V3P3SYS The LCD can be driven in static, ½ bias, and 1/3 bias modes. Figure 17 defines the COM waveforms. Note that COM pins that are not required in a specific mode maintain a segment off state rather than GND, VCC, or high impedance. The segment drivers SEGDIO22 and SEGDIO23 can be configured to blink at either 0.5 Hz or 1 Hz. The blink rate is controlled by LCD_Y (I/O RAM 0x2400[2]). There can be up to six pixels/segments connected to each of these driver pins. The I/O RAM fields LCD_BLKMAP22[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2402[5:0]) and LCD_BLKMAP23[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2401[5:0]) identify which pixels, if any, are to blink. LCD_BLKMAP22[5:0] and LCD_BLKMAP23[5:0] are non-volatile. 64 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet The LCD bias may be compensated for temperature using the LCD_DAC[4:0] field (I/O RAM 0x240D[4:0]). The bias may be adjusted from 1.4 V below the 3.3 V supply (V3P3SYS in MSN mode and VBAT in BRN and LCD modes). When the LCD_DAC[4:0] f ield is set to 000, the DAC is bypassed and powered down. This setting can be used to reduce current in LCD mode. STATIC (LCD_MODE=100) COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 SEG_ON SEG_OFF (1/2) (1/2) (1/2) (1/2) (1/2) 1/2 BIAS, 2 STATES (LCD_MODE = 010 ) 0 1 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 SEG_ON SEG_OFF T (1/2) (1/2) (1/2) (1/2) 1/2 BIAS, 3 STATES (LCD_MODE = 011 ) 0 1 2 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 SEG_ON SEG_OFF (1/2) (1/2) (1/2) 1/3 BIAS, 3 STATES (LCD_MODE = 011 ) 0 1 2 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 SEG_ON SEG_OFF (2/3) (1/3) 1/3 BIAS, 4 STATES (LCD_MODE = 000 ) 3 0 1 2 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 SEG_ON SEG_OFF 1/3 BIAS, 6 STATES (LCD_MODE = 110 ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 COM4 COM5 SEG_ON SEG_OFF Figure 17: LCD Waveforms SEG46 through SEG50 cannot be configured as DIO pins. Display data for these pins are written to I/O RAM registers LCD_SEG46[5:0] through LCD_SEG50[5:0] (see Table 54). T able 54: LCD Data Registers for SEGDIO46 to SEGDIO55 SEGDIO Pin # Configuration: LCD_SEGDIO46[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x243E[5:0] 46 93 47 92 48 58 49 57 50 56 51 53 52 52 53 51 54 47 55 46 Always LCD pins LCD_SEGDIO47[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x243F[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO49[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2441[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO50[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2442[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO51[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2443[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO48[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2440[5:0] See 2.5.10.2 LCD_SEGDIO52[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2444[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO53[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2445[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO54[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2446[5:0]) LCD_SEGDIO55[5:0] (I/O RAM 0x2447[5:0]) SEG Data Register The LCD_MAP[47:46] (I/O RAM 0x2406[7:6]) bits are used to determine whether SEG46 and SEG47 are SEG pins or their alternate function (see pins 93 and 92 in Figure 43). If the LCD_MAP[47:46] bits are 1, then the pins are configured as SEG pins. If the LCD_MAP[47:46] bits are 0, then the pins are configured as their alternate functions (TMUX2OUT and TMUXOUT, respectively). v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 65 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet For example, if LCD_MAP[46] = 1, then pin 93 (TMUX2OUT/SEG46) is configured as SEG46, and if LCD_MAP[46]=0, then pin 93 is configured as TMUX2OUT. The SEG pins with alternate ICE interface function (see pins 56-58 in Figure 43) are forced to their alternate ICE interface function (i.e., E_RXTX, E_TCLK and E_RST) if the ICE_E pin (pin 59) is driven high, and in this case, the bits LCD_MAP[50:48] (I/O RAM 0x2405[2:0]) bits are “don’t care” bits. If the ICE_E pin is driven low, then LCD_MAP[50:48] bits must written with 1 in order to configure these pins as SEG pins. If the ICE_E pin is low and LCD_MAP[50:48] are written with 0, then these pins are tied to an internal pullup. 2.5.11 EEPROM Interface The 71M6543 provides hardware support for either a two-pin or a three-wire (µ-wire) type of EEPROM interface. The interfaces use the EECTRL (SFR 0x9F) and EEDATA (SFR 0x9E) registers for communication. 2.5.11.1 Two-pin EEPROM Interface The dedicated 2-pin serial interface communicates with external EEPROM devices. The interface is multiplexed onto the SEGDIO2 (SDCK) and SEGDIO3 (SDATA) pins and is selected by setting DIO_EEX[1:0] = 01 (I/O RAM 0x2456[7:6]). The MPU communicates with the interface through the SFR registers EEDATA and EECTRL. If the MPU wishes to write a byte of data to the EEPROM, it places the data in EEDATA and then writes the Transmit code to EECTRL. This initiates the transmit operation which is finished when the BUSY bit falls. INT5 is also asserted when BUSY f alls. The MPU can then check the RX_ACK bit to see if the EEPROM acknowledged the transmission. A byte is read by writing the Receive command to EECTRL and waiting for the BUSY bit to fall. Upon completion, the received data is in EEDATA. The serial transmit and receive clock is 78 kHz during each transmission, and then holds in a high state until the next transmission. The EECTRL bits when the two-pin interface is selected are shown in Table 55. T able 55: EECTRL Bits for 2-pin Interface Status Bit 7 6 5 4 Name ERROR BUSY RX_ACK TX_ACK Read/ Write R R R R Reset State 0 0 1 1 Polarity Positive Positive Positive Positive Description 1 when an illegal command is received. 1 when serial data bus is busy. 1 indicates that the EEPROM sent an ACK bit. 1 indicates when an ACK bit has been sent to the EEPROM. CMD[3:0] 0000 0010 3:0 CMD[3:0] W 0000 Positive 0011 0101 0110 1001 Others Operation No-op command. Stops the I2C clock (SDCK). If not issued, SDCK keeps toggling. Receive a byte from the EEPROM and send ACK. Transmit a byte to the EEPROM. Issue a STOP sequence. Receive the last byte from the EEPROM and do not send ACK. Issue a START sequence. No operation, set the ERROR bit. The EEPROM interface can also be operated by controlling the DIO2 and DIO3 pins directly. The direction of the DIO line can be changed from input to output and an output value can be written with a single write operation, thus avoiding collisions (see Table 14 Port Registers (SEGDIO0-15)). Therefore, no resistor is required in series SDATA to protect against collisions. 66 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 2.5.11.2 Three-Wire (µ-Wire) EEPROM Interface with Single Data Pin A 500 kHz three-wire interface, using SDATA, SDCK, and a DIO pin for CS is available. The interface is selected by setting DIO_EEX[1:0] = 10. The EECTRL bits when the three-wire interface is selected are shown in Table 56. When EECTRL is written, up to 8 bits from EEDATA are either written to the EEPROM or read from the EEPROM, depending on the values of the EECTRL bits. 2.5.11.3 Three-Wire (µ-Wire/SPI) EEPROM Interface with Separate Di/DO Pins If DIO_EEX[1:0] = 11, the 71M6543 three-wire interface is the same as above, except DI and DO are separate pins. In this case, SEGDIO3 becomes DO and SEGDIO8 becomes DI. The timing diagrams are the same as for DIO_EEX[1:0] = 10 except that all output data appears on DO and all input data is expected on DI. In this mode, DI is ignored while data is being received on DO. This mode is compatible with SPI modes 0,0 and 1,1 where data is shifted out on the falling edge of the clock and is strobed in on the rising edge of the clock. T able 56: EECTRL Bits for the 3-wire Interface Control Bit Name Read/ Write Description W ait for Ready. If this bit is set, the trailing edge of BUSY is delayed until a rising edge is seen on the data line. This bit can be used during the WFR last byte of a Write command to cause the INT5 interrupt to occur when 7 W the EEPROM has finished its internal write sequence. This bit is ignored if HiZ=0. Asserted while the serial data bus is busy. When the BUSY bit falls, an BUSY 6 R INT5 interrupt occurs. Indicates that the SD signal is to be floated to high impedance immediately HiZ 5 W after the last SDCK rising edge. RD Indicates that EEDATA (SFR 0x9E) is to be filled with data from EEPROM. 4 W Specifies the number of clocks to be issued. Allowed values are 0 through 8. If RD = 1, CNT bits of data are read MSB first, and right CNT[3:0] justified into the low order bits of EEDATA. If RD = 0, CNT bits are sent 3:0 W MSB first to the EEPROM, shifted out of the MSB of EEDATA. If CNT[3:0] is zero, SDATA simply obeys the HiZ bit. The timing diagrams in Figure 18 through Figure 22 describe the 3-wire EEPROM interface behavior. All commands begin when the EECTRL register is written. Transactions start by first raising the DIO pin that is connected to CS. Multiple 8-bit or less commands such as those shown in Figure 18 through Figure 22 are then sent via EECTRL and EEDATA. When the transaction is finished, CS must be lowered. At the end of a Read transaction, the EEPROM drives SDATA, but transitions to HiZ (high impedance) when CS falls. The firmware should then immediately issue a write command with CNT=0 and HiZ=0 to take control of SDATA and force it to a low-Z state. EECTRL Byte Written CNT Cycles (6 shown) Write -- No HiZ SCLK (output) SDATA (output) SDATA output Z BUSY (bit) D7 D6 D5 (LoZ) D4 D3 D2 INT5 Figure 18: 3-wire Interface. Write Command, HiZ=0. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 67 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet EECTRL Byte Written CNT Cycles (6 shown) Write -- With HiZ SCLK (output) SDATA (output) SDATA output Z BUSY (bit) D7 D6 D5 (LoZ) D4 D3 D2 (HiZ) INT5 Figure 19: 3-wire Interface. Write Command, HiZ=1 EECTRL Byte Written CNT Cycles (8 shown) READ SCLK (output) SDATA (input) SDATA output Z BUSY (bit) D7 D6 (HiZ) D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 INT5 Figure 20: 3-wire Interface. Read Command. EECTRL Byte Written Write -- No HiZ SCLK (output) SDATA (output) SDATA output Z BUSY (bit) D7 (LoZ) INT5 not issued CNT Cycles (0 shown) EECTRL Byte Written Write -- HiZ SCLK (output) SDATA (output) INT5 not issued CNT Cycles (0 shown) SDATA output Z BUSY (bit) (HiZ) Figure 21: 3-Wire Interface. Write Command when CNT=0 EECTRL Byte Written CNT Cycles (6 shown) Write -- With HiZ and WFR SCLK (output) SDATA (out/in) SDATA output Z BUSY (bit) D7 D6 D5 (From 6520) (LoZ) D4 D3 D2 BUSY (From EEPROM) (HiZ) READY INT5 Figure 22: 3-wire Interface. Write Command when HiZ=1 and WFR=1. 2.5.12 SPI Slave Port The slave SPI port communicates directly with the MPU data bus and is able to read and write Data RAM and Configuration RAM (I/O RAM) locations. It is also able to send commands to the MPU. The interface to the slave port consists of the SPI_CSZ, SPI_CKI, SPI_DI and SPI_DO pins. These pins are multiplexed with the combined DIO/LCD segment driver pins SEGDIO36 to SEGDIO39 (pins 3, 2, 1 and 100). Additionally, the SPI interface allows flash memory to be read and to be programmed. To facilitate flash programming, cycling power or asserting RESET causes the SPI port pins to default to SPI mode. The SPI port is disabled by clearing the SPI_E bit (I/O RAM 0x270C[4]). Possible applications for the SPI interface are: 68 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 1) An external host reads data from CE locations to obtain metering information. This can be used in applications where the 71M6543 function as a smart front-end with preprocessing capability. Since the addresses are in 16-bit format, any type of XRAM data can be accessed: CE, MPU, I/O RAM, but not SFRs or the 80515-internal register bank. 2) A communication link can be established via the SPI interface: By writing into MPU memory locations, the external host can initiate and control processes in the 71M6543 MPU. Writing to a CE or MPU location normally generates an interrupt, a function that can be used to signal to the MPU that the byte that had just been written by the external host must be read and processed. Data can also be inserted by the external host without generating an interrupt. 3) An external DSP can access front-end data generated by the ADC. This mode of operation uses the 71M6543 as an analog front-end (AFE). 4) Flash programming by the external host (SPI Flash Mode). SPI Transactions A typical SPI transaction is as follows. While SPI_CSZ is high, the port is held in an initialized/reset state. During this state, SPI_DO is held in high impedance state and all transitions on SPI_CLK and SPI_DI are ignored. When SPI_CSZ falls, the port begins the transaction on the first rising edge of SPI_CLK. As shown in Table 57, a transaction consists of an optional 16 bit address, an 8 bit command, an 8 bit status byte, followed by one or more bytes of data. The transaction ends when SPI_CSZ is raised. Some transactions may consist of a command only. When SPI_CSZ rises, SPI command bytes that are not of the form x0000000 cause the SPI_CMD (SFR 0xFD) register to be updated and then cause an interrupt to be issued to the MPU. The exception is if the transaction was a single byte. In this case, the SPI_CMD byte is always updated and the interrupt issued. SPI_CMD is not cleared when SPI_CSZ is high. The SPI port supports data transfers up to 10 Mb/s. A serial read or write operation requires at least 8 clocks per byte, guaranteeing SPI access to the RAM is no faster than 1.25 MHz, thus ensuring that SPI access to DRAM is always possible. T able 57: SPI Transaction Fields Field Name Address Required Yes, except single byte transaction Size Description (bytes) 2 16-bit address. The address field is not required if the transaction is a simple SPI command. 8-bit command. This byte can be used as a command to the MPU. In multi-byte transactions, the MSB is the R/W bit. Unless the transaction is multi-byte and SPI_CMD is exactly 0x80 or 0x00, the SPI_CMD register is updated and an SPI interrupt is issued. Otherwise, the SPI_CMD register is unchanged and the interrupt is not issued. 8-bit status field, indicating the status of the previous transaction. This byte is also available in the MPU memory map as SPI_STAT (I/O RAM 0x2708). See Table 59 for the contents. The read or write data. Address is auto incremented for each new byte. Command Yes 1 Status Data Yes, if transaction includes DATA Yes, if transaction includes DATA 1 1 or more The SPI_STAT byte is output on every SPI transaction and indicates the parity of the previous transaction and the error status of the previous transaction. Potential error sources are: • • 71M6543 not ready Transaction not ending on a byte boundary. SPI Safe Mode v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 69 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Sometimes it is desirable to prevent the SPI interface from writing to arbitrary RAM locations and thus disturbing MPU and CE operation. This is especially true in AFE applications. For this reason, the SPI SAFE mode was created. In SPI SAFE mode, SPI write operations are disabled except for a 16 byte transfer region at address 0x400 to 0x40F. If the SPI host needs to write to other addresses, it must use the SPI_CMD register to request the write operation from the MPU. SPI SAFE mode is enabled by the SPI_SAFE bit (I/O RAM 0x270C[3]). Single-Byte Transaction If a transaction is a single byte, the byte is interpreted as SPI_CMD. Regardless of the byte value, single-byte transactions always update the SPI_CMD register and cause an SPI interrupt to be generated. Multi-Byte Transaction As shown in Figure 23, multi-byte operations consist of a 16 bit address field, an 8 bit CMD, a status byte, and a sequence of data bytes. A multi byte transaction is three or more bytes. SERIAL READ 16 bit Address 8 bit CMD Status Byte DATA[ADDR] DATA[ADDR+1] (From Host) SPI_CSZ 0 (From Host) SPI_CK (From Host) SPI_DI (From 6543) SPI_DO A15 A14 A1 A0 HI Z C7 C6 C5 C0 ST7 ST6 ST5 ST0 x D7 D6 D1 D0 15 16 23 24 31 32 39 Extended Read . . . 40 47 D7 D6 D1 D0 SERIAL WRITE 16 bit Address 8 bit CMD Status Byte DATA[ADDR] DATA[ADDR+1] (From Host) SPI_CSZ 0 (From Host) SPI_CK (From Host) SPI_DI (From 6543) SPI_DO x A15 A14 A1 A0 HI Z C7 C6 C5 C0 ST7 ST6 ST5 ST0 D7 D6 D1 D0 15 16 23 24 31 32 39 Extended Write . . . 40 47 D7 D6 D1 D0 x Figure 23: SPI Slave Port - Typical Multi-Byte Read and Write operations T able 58: SPI Command Sequences Command Sequence ADDR 1xxx xxxx STATUS Byte0 ... ByteN Description Read data starting at ADDR. ADDR is auto-incremented until SPI_CSZ is raised. Upon completion, SPI_CMD (SFR 0xFD) is updated to 1xxx xxxx and an SPI interrupt is generated. The exception is if the command byte is 1000 0000. In this case, no MPU interrupt is generated and SPI_CMD is not updated. Write data starting at ADDR. ADDR is auto-incremented until SPI_CSZ is raised. Upon completion, SPI_CMD is updated to 0xxx xxxx and an SPI interrupt is generated. The exception is if the command byte is 0000 0000. In this case, no MPU interrupt is generated and SPI_CMD is not updated. T able 59: SPI Registers Name EX_SPI SPI_CMD SPI_E IE_SPI SPI_SAFE 70 Location 2701[7] SFR FD[7:0] 270C[4] SFR F8[7] 270C[3] Rst 0 – 1 0 0 Wk 0 – 1 0 0 Dir R/W R R/W R/W R/W Description SPI interrupt enable bit. SPI command. The 8-bit command from the bus master. SPI port enable bit. It enables the SPI interface on pins SEGDIO36 – SEGDIO39. SPI interrupt flag. Set by hardware, cleared by writing a 0. Limits SPI writes to SPI_CMD and a 16 byte region in DRAM when set. No other write operations are permitted. v1.2 0xxx xxxx ADDR Byte0 ... ByteN © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Location Rst Wk Dir Description SPI_STAT contains the status results from the previous SPI transaction Bit 7 - 71M6543 ready error: the 71M6543 was not ready to read or write as directed by the previous command. Bit 6 - Read data parity: This bit is the parity of all bytes read from the 71M6543 in the previous command. Does not include the SPI_STAT byte. Bit 5 - Write data parity: This bit is the overall parity of the bytes written to the 71M6543 in the previous command. It includes CMD and ADDR bytes. Bit 4:2 - Bottom 3 bits of the byte count. Does not include ADDR and CMD bytes. One, two, and three byte instructions return 111. Bit 1 - SPI FLASH mode: This bit is zero when the TEST pin is zero. Bit 0 - SPI FLASH mode ready: Used in SPI FLASH mode. Indicates that the flash is ready to receive another write instruction. SPI_STAT 2708[7:0] 0 0 R SPI Flash Mode (SFM) In normal operation, the SPI slave interface cannot read or write the flash memory. However, the 71M6543 supports a special flash mode (SFM) which facilitates initial programming of the flash memory. When the 71M6543 is in this mode, the SPI can erase, read, and write the flash memory. Other memory elements such as XRAM and IO RAM are not accessible in this mode. In order to protect the flash contents, several operations are required before the SFM mode is successfully invoked. In SFM mode, the 71M6543 supports n byte reads and dual-byte writes to flash memory. See the SPI Transaction description on Page 69 for the format of read and write commands. Since the flash write operation is always based on a two-byte word, the initial address must always be even. Data is written to the 16-bit flash memory bus after the odd word is written. When the 71M6543G/GH is operating SFM, SPI single-byte transactions are used to write to FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]). During an SPI single-byte transaction, SPI_CMD[1:0] will over-write the contents of FL_BANK[1:0] (SFR 0xB6[1:0]). This will allow for access of the entire 128 KB flash memory while operating in SFM. In SFM mode, the MPU is completely halted. For this reason, the interrupt feature described in the SPI Transaction section above is not available in SFM mode. The 71M6543 must be reset by the WD timer or by the RESET pin in order to exit SFM mode. Invoking SFM The following conditions must be met prior to invoking SFM: • • • • • ICE_E = 1. This disables the watchdog and adds another layer of protection against inadvertent Flash corruption. The external power source (V3P3SYS, V3P3A) is at the proper level (> 3.0 VDC). PREBOOT = 0 (SFR 0xB2[7]). This validates the state of the SECURE bit (SFR 0xB2[6]). SECURE = 0. This I/O RAM register indicates that SPI secure mode is not enabled. Operations are limited to SFM Mass Erase mode if the SECURE bit = 1 (Flash read back is not allowed in Secure mode). FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] = 0010 (I/O RAM 0x2702[7:4]). The I/O RAM registers SFMM (I/O RAM 0x2080) and SFMS (I/O RAM 0x2081) are used to invoke SFM. Only the SPI interface has access to these two registers. This eliminates an indirect path from the MPU for v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet disabling the watchdog. SFMM and SFMS need to be written to in sequence in order to invoke SFM. This sequential write process prevents inadvertent entering of SFM. The sequence for invoking SFM is: • First, write to SFMM (I/O RAM 0x2080) register. The value written to this register defines the SFM mode. o 0xD1: Mass Erase mode. A Flash Mass erase cycle is invoked upon entering SFM. o 0x2E: Flash Read back mode. SFM is entered for Flash read back purposes. Flash writes will not be blocked and it is up to the user to guarantee that only previously unwritten locations are written. This mode is not accessible when SPI secure mode is set. o SFM is not invoked if any other pattern is written to the SFMM register. Next, write 0x96 to the SFMS (I/O RAM 0x2081) register. This write invokes SFM provided that the previous write operation to SFMM m et the requirements. Writing any other pattern to this register does not invoke SFM. Additionally, any write operations to this register automatically reset the previously written SFMM register values to zero. • SFM Details The following occurs upon entering SFM. • • • • • The CE is disabled. The MPU is halted. Once the MPU is halted it can only be restarted with a reset. This reset can be accomplished with the RESET pin, a watchdog reset, or by cycling power (without battery at the VBAT pin). The Flash control logic is reset in case the MPU was in the middle of a Flash write operation or Erase cycle. Mass erase is invoked if specified in the SFMM (I/O RAM 0x2080) register (see Invoking SFM, above). The SECURE bit (SFR 0xB2[6]) is cleared at the end of this and all Mass Erase cycles. All SPI read and write operations now refer to Flash instead of XRAM space. The SPI host can access the current state of the pending multi-cycle Flash access by performing a 4-byte SPI write of any address and checking the status field. All SPI write operations in SFM mode must be 6-byte write transactions that write two bytes to an even address. The write transactions must contain a command byte of 0x00 which is the form that does not create an MPU interrupt. Auto incrementing is disabled for write operations. SPI read transactions can make use of auto increment and may access single bytes. The command byte must always be 0x80 in SFM read transactions. SPI commands in SFM Interrupts are not generated in SFM since the MPU is halted. The format of the commands is shown in the SPI Transactions description on Page 69.SPI Transactions 2.5.13 Hardware Watchdog Timer An independent, robust, fixed-duration, watchdog timer (WDT) is included in the 71M6543. It uses the RTC crystal oscillator as its time base and must be refreshed by the MPU firmware at least every 1.5 seconds. When not refreshed on time, the WDT overflows and the part is reset as if the RESET pin were pulled high, except that the I/O RAM bits are in the same state as after a wake-up from SLP or LCD modes (see the I/O RAM description in 5.2 for a list of I/O RAM bit states after RESET and wake-up). Four thousand, one hundred CK32 cycles (or 125 ms) after the WDT overflow, the MPU is launched from program address 0x0000. The watchdog timer is also reset when the internal signal WAKE=0 (see 3.4 Wake-Up Behavior). The WDT is disabled when the ICE_E pin is pulled high. For details, see 3.3.4 Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset. 72 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 2.5.14 Test Ports (TMUXOUT and TMUX2OUT Pins) Two independent multiplexers allow the selection of internal analog and digital signals for the TMUXOUT and TMUX2OUT pins. These pins are multiplexed with the SEG47 and SEG46 function. In order to function as test pins, LCD_MAP[46] (I/O RAM 0x2406[6]) and LCD_MAP[47] (I/O RAM 0x2406[7]) must be 0. One of the digital or analog signals listed in Table 61 can be selected to be output on the TMUXOUT pin. The function of the multiplexer is controlled with the I/O RAM register TMUX[4:0] (I/O RAM 0x2502[4:0], as shown in Table 60. One of the digital or analog signals listed in Table 61 can be selected to be output on the TMUX2OUT pin. The function of the multiplexer is controlled with the I/O RAM register TMUX2[4:0] (I/O RAM 0x2503[4:0]), as shown in. The TMUX and TMUX2 I/O RAM locations are non-volatile and their contents are preserved by battery power and across resets. The TMUXOUT and TMUX2OUT pins may be used for diagnosis purposes or in production test. The RTC 1-second output may be used to calibrate the crystal oscillator. The RTC 4-second output provides even higher precision. T able 60: TMUX[4:0] Selections TMUX[5:0] 1 9 A D Signal Name RTCLK W D_RST CKMPU V3AOK bit Description 32.768 kHz clock waveform Indicates when the MPU has reset the watchdog timer. Can be monitored to determine spare time in the watchdog timer. MPU clock – see Table 8 Indicates that the V3P3A pin voltage is 3.0 V. The V3P3A and ≥ V3P3SYS pins are expected to be tied together at the PCB level. The 71M6543 monitors the V3P3A pin voltage only. Indicates that the V3P3A pin voltage is 2.8 V. The V3P3A and ≥ V3P3SYS pins are expected to be tied together at the PCB level. The 71M654 monitors the V3P3A pin voltage only. Internal multiplexer frame SYNC signal. See Figure 4 Figure 5. See 2.3.3 on page 25 and Figure 12 on page 46 E 1B 1C 1D 1F V3OK bit MUX_SYNC CE_BUSY interrupt CE_XFER interrupt RTM output from CE and See 2.3.5 on page 26 Note: All TMUX[5:0] values which are not shown are reserved. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 73 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 61: TMUX2[4:0] Selections TMUX2[4:0] 0 1 Signal Name W D_OVF PULSE_1S Description Indicates when the watchdog timer has expired (overflowed). One second pulse with 25% Duty Cycle. This signal can be used to measure the deviation of the RTC from an ideal 1 second interval. Multiple cycles should be averaged together to filter out jitter. Four second pulse with 25% Duty Cycle. This signal can be used to measure the deviation of the RTC from an ideal 4 second interval. Multiple cycles should be averaged together to filter out jitter. The 4 second pulse provides a more precise measurement than the 1 second pulse. 32.768 kHz clock waveform C opies the value of the bit stored in 0x2704[1]. For general purpose use. C opies the value of the bit stored in 0x2704[2]. For general purpose use. Indicates when a WAKE event has occurred. Internal multiplexer frame SYNC signal. See Figure 4 and Figure 5. See 2.5.3 on page 50. Digital GND. Use this signal to make the TMUX2OUT pin static. 2 PULSE_4S 3 8 9 A B C E 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1F RTCLK SPARE[1] bit – I/O RAM 0x2704[1] SPARE[2] bit – I/O RAM 0x2704[2] W AKE MUX_SYNC MCK GNDD INT0 – DIG I/O INT1 – DIG I/O INT2 – CE_PULSE INT3 – CE_BUSY INT4 - VSTAT INT5 – EEPROM/SPI INT6 – XFER, RTC RTM_CK (flash) Interrupt 0. See 2.4.9 on page 40. Also see Figure 12 on page 46. See 2.3.5 on page 26. Note: All TMUX2[4:0] values which are not shown are reserved. 74 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 3 3.1 Functional Description Theory of Operation The energy delivered by a power source into a load can be expressed as: E = ∫ V (t ) I (t )dt 0 t Assuming phase angles are constant, the following formulae apply:    P = Real Energy [Wh] = V * A * cos φ* t Q = Reactive Energy [VARh] = V * A * sin φ * t S = Apparent Energy [VAh] = P2 + Q2 For a practical meter, not only voltage and current amplitudes, but also phase angles and harmonic content may change constantly. Thus, simple RMS measurements are inherently inaccurate. A modern solid-state electricity meter IC such as the Teridian 71M6543 functions by emulating the integral operation above, i.e. it processes current and voltage samples through an ADC at a constant frequency. As long as the ADC resolution is high enough and the sample frequency is beyond the harmonic range of interest, the current and voltage samples, multiplied with the time period of sampling yields an accurate quantity for the momentary energy. Summing-up the momentary energy quantities over time results in accumulated energy. 500 400 300 200 100 0 0 -100 -200 Current [A] 5 10 15 20 -300 -400 -500 Voltage [V] Energy per Interval [Ws] Accumulated Energy [Ws] Figure 24: Voltage, Current, Momentary and Accumulated Energy Figure 24 shows the shapes of V(t), I(t), the momentary power and the accumulated power, resulting from 50 samples of the voltage and current signals over a period of 20 ms. The application of 240 VAC and 100 A results in an accumulation of 480 Ws (= 0.133 Wh) over the 20 ms period, as indicated by the accumulated power curve. The described sampling method works reliably, even in the presence of dynamic phase shift and harmonic distortion. 3.2 Battery Modes Shortly after system power (V3P3SYS) is applied, the 71M6543 is in mission mode (MSN mode). MSN mode means that the part is operating with system power and that the internal PLL is stable. This mode is the normal operating mode where the part is capable of measuring energy. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 75 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet W hen system power is not available, the 71M6543 is in one of three battery modes: • • • BRN mode (brownout mode) LCD mode (LCD-only mode) SLP mode (sleep mode). An internal comparator monitors the voltage at the V3P3SYS pin (note that V3P3SYS and V3P3A are typically connected together at the PCB level). When the V3P3SYS dc voltage drops below 2.8 VDC, the comparator resets an internal power status bit called V3OK . As soon as system power is removed and V3OK = 0, the 71M6543 is forced to BRN mode. The MPU continues to execute code when the system transitions from MSN to BRN mode or from BRN to MSN mode. A soft reset should be executed when returning from BRN to MSN mode in order to re-initialize the I/O RAM. Depending on the MPU code, the MPU can choose to stay in BRN mode, or transition to LCD or to SLP mode (via the I/O RAM bits LCD_ONLY, I/O RAM 0x28B2[6] and SLEEP, I/O RAM 0x28B2[7]). BRN mode is similar to MSN mode except that resources powered by system power, such as the ADC and the CE, are not available (see Table 62), and that the supply current is drawn from the VBAT pin. In BRN mode, the PLL continues to function at the same frequency as in MSN mode. The MPU can configure BRN mode as it desires. For instance, it may choose to minimize battery power by reducing the PLL or MPU clock speed (see 3.2.1 BRN Mode, for the recommended settings to realize minimum power consumption in BRN mode). When system power is restored, the 71M6543 automatically transitions from any of the battery modes (BRN, LCD, SLP) back to MSN mode. Figure 25 shows a state diagram of the various operating modes, with the possible transitions between modes. When the part wakes-up under battery power, the part automatically enters BRN mode (see 3.4 Wake-Up Behavior). From BRN mode, the part may enter either LCD mode or SLP mode, as controlled by the MPU. MSN V3P3SYS falls VSTAT=00X V3P3SYS rises VSTAT=001 RESET System Power Battery Power V3P3SYS rises LCD_ONLY BRN V3P3SYS rises RESET & VBAT sufficient Wake Flags Wake event LCD VBAT insufficient SLEEP or VBAT insufficient Wake event VBAT insufficient RESET & VBAT insufficient SLP Figure 25: Operation Modes State Diagram 76 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Transitions from both LCD and SLP mode to BRN mode can be initiated by the following events: • • • • W ake-up timer timeout. Pushbutton (PB) is activated. A rising edge on SEGDIO4, SEGDIO52 or SEGDIO55. Activity on the RX or OPT_RX pins. The MPU has access to a variety of registers that signal the event that caused the wake up. See 3.4 Wake-Up Behavior for details. Table 62 shows the circuit functions available in each operating mode. T able 62: Available Circuit Functions Circuit Function CE (Computation Engine) FIR ADC, VREF PLL B attery Measurement Temperature sensor Max MPU clock rate System Power MSN (Mission Mode) PLL_FAST=1 PLL_FAST=0 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 4.92MHz (from PLL) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 38.4kHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1.57MHz (from PLL) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 38.9kHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Battery Power BRN (Brownout Mode) LCD PLL_FAST=1 PLL_FAST=0 ---Yes Yes Yes 4.92MHz (from PLL) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 38.4kHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 SLEEP -----Yes -- MPU_DIV clk. divider --ICE --DIO Pins --W atchdog Timer --LCD Yes -LCD Boost Yes EEPROM Interface (2- wire) --EEPROM Interface (3- wire) --UART (full speed) --Optical TX modulation --Flash Read --Flash Page Erase --Flash Write --RAM Read and Write --W akeup Timer Yes Yes OSC and RTC Yes Yes DRAM data preservation --NV RAM data preservation Yes Yes Notes: 1. “--“ indicates that the corresponding circuit is not active 2. “Boost” implies that the LCD boost circuit is active (i.e., LCD_VMODE[1:0] = 10 (I/O RAM 0x2401[7:6] )). The LCD boost circuit requires a clock from the PLL to function. Thus, the PLL is automatically kept active if LCD boost is active while in LCD mode, otherwise the PLL is de-activated. ---Yes Yes Yes 1.57MHz (from PLL) Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 38.9kHz Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes ---2 Boost -Yes -- v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 77 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 3.2.1 BRN Mode In BRN mode, most non-metering digital functions are active (as shown in Table 62) including ICE, UART, EEPROM, LCD and RTC. In BRN mode, the PLL continues to function at the same frequency as MSN mode. It is up to the MPU to scale down the PLL (using PLL_FAST, I/O RAM 0x2200[4] ) or the MPU frequency (using MPU_DIV[2:0], I/O RAM 0x2200[2:0]) in order to save power. From BRN mode, the MPU can choose to enter LCD or SLP modes. When system power is restored while the 71M6543 is in BRN mode, the part automatically transitions to MSN mode. The recommended minimum power configuration for BRN mode is as follows: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • RCE0 = 0x00 (I/O RAM 0x2709[7:0]) - remote sensors disabled LCD_BAT = 1 (I/O RAM 0x2402[7]) - LCD powered from VBAT LCD_VMODE[1:0] = 0 (I/O RAM 0x2401[7:6]) - 5V LCD boost disabled CE6 = 0x00 (I/O RAM 0x2106) - CE, RTM and CHOP are disabled MUX_DIV[3:0] = 0(I/O RAM 0x2100[7:4]) - the ADC multiplexer is disabled ADC_E = 0 (I/O RAM 0x2704[4]) - ADC disabled VREF_CAL = 0 (I/O RAM 0x2704[7]) – Vref not driven out VREF_DIS = 1 (I/O RAM 0x2704[6]) - Vref disabled PRE_E = 0 (I/O RAM 0x2704[5] - pre-amp disabled BCURR = 0 (I/O RAM 0x2704[3]) - battery 100µA current load OFF TMUX[5:0] = 0x0E (I/O RAM 0x2502[5:0]) – TMUXOUT output set to a dc value TMUX2[4:0] = 0x0E (I/O RAM 0x2503[4:0] ) – TMUXOUT2 output set to a dc value CKGN = 0x24 (I/O RAM 0x2200) - PLL set slow, and MPU_DIV[2:0] (I/O RAM 0x2200[2:0]) set to maximum TEMP_PER[2:0] = 6 (I/O RAM 0x28A0[2:0]) - temp measurement set to automatic every 512 s TEMP_BSEL = 1 (I/O RAM 0x28A0[7]) - temperature sensor monitors VBAT PCON |= 1 (SFR 0x87) - at the end of the main BRN loop, halt the MPU and wait for an interrupt The baud rate registers are adjusted as needed All unused interrupts are disabled 3.2.2 LCD Mode LCD mode may be commanded by the MPU at any time by setting the LCD_ONLY control bit (I/O RAM 0x28B2[6]). However, it is recommended that the LCD_ONLY control bit be set by the MPU only after the 71M6543 has entered BRN mode. For example, if the 71M6543 is in MSN mode when LCD_ONLY is set, the duration of LCD mode is very brief and the 71M6543 immediately 'wakes'. In LCD mode, V3P3D is disabled, and the VBAT pin supplies the LCD current. Before asserting LCD_ONLY mode, it is recommended that the MPU minimize PLL current by reducing the output frequency of the PLL to 6.29 MHz (i.e., write PLL_FAST = 0, I/O RAM 0x2200[4]). The LCD boost system requires a clock from the PLL for its operation. Thus, if the LCD boost system is enabled (i.e., LCD_VMODE[1:0] = 10, I/O RAM 0x2401[7:6]), then the PLL is automatically kept active during LCD mode, otherwise the PLL is de-activated. In LCD mode, the data contained in the LCD_SEG registers is displayed using the segment driver pins. Up to two LCD segments connected to the pins SEGDIO22 and SEGDIO23 can be made to blink without the involvement of the MPU, which is disabled in LCD mode. To minimize battery power consumption, only segments that are used should be enabled. After the transition from LCD mode to MSN or BRN mode, the PC (Program Counter) is at 0x0000, the XRAM is in an undefined state, and configuration I/O RAM bits are reset (see Table 71 for I/O RAM state upon wake). The data stored in non-volatile I/O RAM locations is preserved in LCD mode (the shaded locations in Table 71 are non-volatile). 78 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 3.2.3 SLP Mode The SLP mode may be commanded by the MPU whenever main system power is absent by asserting the SLEEP bit (I/O RAM 0x28B2[7]). The purpose of the SLP mode is to consume the least power while still maintaining the RTC, temperature compensation of the RTC, and the non-volatile portions of the I/O RAM. In SLP mode, the V3P3D pin is disconnected, removing all sources of leakage from VBAT and V3P3SYS. The non-volatile memory domain and the basic functions, such as temperature sensor, oscillator, and RTC, are powered by the VBAT_RTC input. In this mode, the I/O configuration bits, LCD configuration bits, and NV RAM values are preserved and RTC and oscillator continue to run. This mode can be exited only by system power-up or one of the wake methods described in 3.4 Wake-Up Behavior. If the SLEEP bit is asserted when V3P3SYS pin power is present (i.e., while in MSN mode), the 71M6543 enters SLP mode, resetting the internal WAKE signal, at which point the 71M6543 begins the standard wake from sleep procedures as described in 3.4 Wake-Up Behavior. After the transition from SLP mode to MSN or BRN mode the PC is at 0x0000, the XRAM is in an undefined state, and the I/O RAM is only partially preserved (see the description of I/O RAM states in 5.2). The non-volatile sections of the I/O RAM are preserved unless RESET goes high. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 79 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 3.3 3.3.1 Fault and Reset Behavior Events at Power-Down Power fault detection is performed by internal comparators that monitor the voltage at the V3P3A pin and also monitor the internally generated VDD pin voltage (2.5 VDC). The V3P3SYS and V3P3A pins must be tied together at the PCB level, so that the comparators, which are internally connected only to the V3P3A pin, are able to simultaneously monitor the common V3P3SYS and V3P3A pin voltage. The following discussion assumes that the V3P3A and V3P3SYS pins are tied together at the PCB level. During a power failure, as V3P3A falls, two thresholds are detected: • • The first threshold, at 3.0 VDC (VSTAT[2:0] = 001, SFR 0xF9[2:0]), warns the MPU that the analog modules are no longer accurate. Other than warning the MPU, the hardware takes no action when this threshold is crossed. This comparison produces an internal bit named V3OKA. The second threshold, at 2.8 VDC, causes the 71M6543 to switch to battery power. This switching happens while the FLASH and RAM systems are still able to read and write. This comparison produces an internal bit named V3OK. The power quality is reflected by the VSTAT[2:0] register in I/O RAM space, as shown in Table 63. The VSTAT[2:0] register is located at SFR address F9 and occupies bits 2:0. The VSTAT[2:0] field can only be read. In addition to the state of the main power, the VSTAT[2:0] register provides information about the internal VDD voltage under battery power. Note that if system power (V3P3A) is above 2.8 VDC, the 71M6543 always switches from battery to system power. T able 63: VSTAT[2:0] (SFR 0xF9[2:0]) VSTAT[2:0] 000 001 010 011 101 Description System Power OK. V3P3A > 3.0 VDC. Analog modules are functional and accurate. System Power is low. 2.8 VDC < V3P3A < 3.0 VDC. Analog modules not accurate. Switch over to battery power is imminent. The IC is on battery power and VDD is OK. VDD > 2.25 VDC. The IC has full digital functionality. The IC is on battery power and 2.25 VDC > VDD > 2.0 VDC. Flash write operations are inhibited. The IC is on battery power and VDD < 2.0, which means that the MPU is nearly out of voltage. A reset occurs in 4 cycles of the crystal clock CK32. The response to a system power fault is almost entirely controlled by firmware. During a power failure, system power slowly falls. This fall in power is monitored by internal comparators that cause the hardware to automatically switch over to taking power from the VBAT input. An interrupt notifies the MPU that the part is now battery powered. At this point, it is the MPU’s responsibility to reduce power by slowing the clock rate, disabling the PLL, etc. Precision analog components such as the bandgap reference, the bandgap buffer, and the ADC are powered only by the V3P3A pin and become inaccurate and ultimately unavailable as the V3P3A pin voltage continues to drop (i.e., circuits powered by the V3P3A pin are not backed by the VBAT pin). When the V3P3A pin falls below 2.8 VDC, the ADC clocks are halted and the amplifiers are unbiased. Meanwhile, control bits such as ADC_E bit (I/O RAM 0x2704[4]) are not affected, since their I/O RAM storage is powered from the VDD pin (2.5 VDC). The VDD pin is supplied with power through an internal 2.5 VDC regulator that is connected to the V3P3D pin. In turn, the V3P3D pin is switched to receive power from the VBAT pin when the V3P3SYS pin drops below 3.0 VDC. Note that the V3P3SYS and V3P3A pins are typically tied together at the PCB level. 80 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 3.3.2 IC Behavior at Low Battery Voltage W hen system power is not present, the 71M6543 relies on the VBAT pin for power. If the VBAT voltage is not sufficient to maintain VDD at 2.0 VDC or greater, the MPU cannot operate reliably. Low VBAT voltage can occur while the part is operating in BRN mode, or while it is dormant in SLP or LCD mode. Two cases can be distinguished, depending on MPU code: • Case 1: System power is not present, and the part is waking from SLP or LCD mode. In this case, the hardware checks the value of VDD to determine if processor operation is possible. If it is not possible, the part configures itself for BRN operation, and holds the processor in reset (WAKE=0). In this mode, VBAT powers the 1.0 VDC reference for the LCD system, the VDD regulator, the PLL, and the fault comparator. The part remains in this waiting mode until VDD becomes high due to system power being applied or the VBAT battery being replaced or recharged. Case 2: The part is operating under VBAT power and VSTAT[2:0] (SFR 0xF9[2:0]) becomes 101, indicating that VDD falls below 2.0 VDC. In this case, the firmware has two choices: 1) One choice is to assert the SLEEP bit (I/O RAM 0x28B2[7]) immediately. This assertion preserves the remaining charge in VBAT. Of course, if the battery voltage is not increased, the 71M6543 enters Case 1 as soon as it tries to wake up. 2) The alternative choice is to enter the waiting mode described in Case 1 immediately. Specifically, if the firmware does not assert the SLEEP bit, the hardware resets the processor four CE32 clock cycles (i.e. 122 µs) after VSTAT[2:0] becomes 101 and, as described in Case 1, it begins waiting for VDD to become greater than 2.0 VDC. The MPU wakes up when system power returns, or when VDD becomes greater than 2.0 VDC. • In either case, when VDD recovers, and when the MPU wakes up, the WF_BADVDD flag (I/O RAM 0x28B0[2]) can be read to determine that the processor is recovering from a bad VBAT condition. The WF_BADVDD flag remains set until the next time WAKE falls. This flag is independent of the other WF flags. In all cases, low VBAT voltage does not corrupt RTC operation, the state of NV memory, or the state of non-volatile memory. These circuits depend on the VBAT_RTC pin for power. 3.3.3 Reset Sequence W hen the RESET pin is pulled high, all digital activity in the chip stops, with the exception of the oscillator and RTC. Additionally, all I/O RAM bits are forced to their RST state. A reliable reset does not occur until RESET has been high at least for 2 µs. Note that TMUX and the RTC are not reset unless the TEST pin is pulled high while RESET is high. The RESET control bit (I/O RAM 0x 2200[3]) performs an identical reset to the RESET pin except that a significantly shorter reset timer is used. Once initiated, the reset sequence waits until the reset timer times out. The time out occurs in 4100 CE32 cycles (125 ms), at which time the MPU begins executing its pre-boot and boot sequences from address 0x0000. See 2.5.1.1 for a detailed description of the pre-boot and boot sequences. If system power is not present, the reset timer duration is two CE32 cycles, at which time the MPU begins executing in BRN mode, starting at address 0x0000. A softer form of reset is initiated when the E_RST pin of the ICE interface is pulled low. This event causes the MPU and other registers in the MPU core to be reset but does not reset the remainder of the 71M6543. It does not trigger the reset sequence. This type of reset is intended to reset the MPU program, but not to make other changes to the chip’s state. 3.3.4 Watchdog Timer (WDT) Reset The watchdog timer (WDT) is described in 2.5.13. A status bit, WF_OVF (I/O RAM 0x28B0[4]), is set when a WDT overflow occurs. Similar to the other wake flags, this bit is powered by the non-volatile supply and can be read by the MPU to determine if the part is initializing after a WD overflow event or after a power-up. The WF_OVF bit is cleared by the RESET pin. There is no internal digital state that could deactivate the WDT. For debug purposes, however, the WDT can be disabled by raising the ICE_E pin to 3.3 VDC. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 81 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet In normal operation, the WDT is reset by periodically writing a one to the WD_RST control bit I/O RAM 0x28B4[7]). The watchdog timer is also reset when the 71M6543 wakes from LCD or SLP mode, and when ICE_E=1. 3.4 Wake-Up Behavior As described above, the part always wakes up in MSN mode when system power is restored. As stated in 3.2 Battery Modes, transitions from both LCD and SLP mode to BRN mode can be initiated by a wakeup timer timeout, when the pushbutton (PB) input is activated, a rising edge on SEGDIO4, SEGDIO52 or SEGDIO55, or by activity on the RX or OPT_RX pins. 3.4.1 Wake on Hardware Events The following pin signal events wake the 71M6543 from SLP or LCD mode: a high level on the PB pin, either edge on the RX pin, a rising edge on the SEGDIO4 pin, a high level on the SEGDIO52 pin, or a high level on the SEGDIO55 pin or either edge on the OPT_RX pin. See Table 64 for de-bounce details on each pin and for further details on the OPT_RX/SEGDIO55 pin. The SEGDIO4, SEGDIO52, and SEGDIO55 pins must be configured as DIO inputs and their wake enable (EW_x bits) must be set. In SLP and LCD modes, the MPU is held in reset and cannot poll pins or react to interrupts. When one of the hardware wake events occurs, the internal WAKE signal rises and within three CK32 cycles the MPU begins to execute. The MPU can determine which one of the pins awakened it by checking the WF_PB, WF_RX, WF_SEGDIO4, WF_DIO52, or WF_DIO55 f lags (see Table 64). If the part is in SLP or LCD mode, it can be awakened by a high level on the PB pin. This pin is normally pulled to GND and can be connected externally so it may be pulled high by a push button depression. Some pins are de-bounced to reject EMI noise. Detection hardware ignores all transitions after the initial transition. Table 64 shows which pins are equipped with de-bounce circuitry. Pins that do not have de-bounce circuits must still be high for at least 2 µs to be recognized. The wake enable and flag bits are shown in Table 64. The wake flag bits are set by hardware when the MPU wakes from a wake event. Note that the PB flag is set whenever the PB is pushed, even if the part is already awake. Table 66 lists the events that clear the WF flags. In addition to push buttons and timers, the part can also reboot due to the RESET pin, the RESET bit (I/O RAM 0x2200[3]), the WDT, the cold start detector, and E_RST. As seen in Table 64, each of these mechanisms has a flag bit to alert the MPU to the source of the wakeup. If the wakeup is caused by return of system power, there is no active WF flag and the VSTAT[2:0] field (SFR 0xF9[2:0]) indicates that system power is stable. T able 64: Wake Enable and Flag Bits Wake Enable Name WAKE_ARM EW_PB EW_RX EW_DIO4 EW_DIO52 Location 28B2[5] 28B3[3] 28B3[4] 28B3[2] 28B3[1] Wake Flag Name WF_TMR WF_PB WF_RX WF_DIO4 WF_DIO52 Location 28B1[5] 28B1[3] 28B1[4] 28B1[2] 28B1[1] De-bounce No Yes 2 µs 2 µs Yes Description Wake on Timer. Wake on PB.* Wake on either edge of RX. Wake on SEGDIO4. Wake on SEGDIO52.* OPT_RXDIS = 1: Wake on DIO55 with 64 ms de-bounce.* OPT_RXDIS = 0: Wake on either edge of OPT_RX with 2 µs de-bounce. OPT_RXDIS: I/O RAM 0x2457[2] Wake after RESET. Wake after RESET bit. Wake after E_RST. (ICE must be enabled) EW_DIO55 28B3[0] WF_DIO55 28B1[0] Yes Always Enabled Always Enabled Always Enabled WF_RST WF_RSTBIT WF_ERST 28B0[6] 28B0[5] 28B0[3] 2 µs No 2 µs 82 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Wake Enable Name Location Always Enabled Wake Flag Name WF_OVF Location 28B0[4] De-bounce No Description Wake after WD reset. Wake after cold start - the first Always Enabled WF_CSTART 28B0[7] No application of power. Wake after insufficient VBAT Always Enabled WF_BADVDD 28B0[2] No voltage. *This pin is sampled every 2 ms and must remain high for 64 ms to be declared a valid high level. This pin is highlevel sensitive. T able 65: Wake Bits Name EW_DIOR Location 28B3[2] RST 0 WK – Dir R/W Description Connects SEGDIO4 to the WAKE logic and permits SEGDIO4 rising to wake the part. This bit has no effect unless SEGDIO4 is configured as a digital input. Connects DIO52 to the WAKE logic and permits DIO52 high level to wake the part. This bit has no effect unless DIO52 is configured as a digital input. Connects DIO55 to the WAKE logic and permits DIO55 high level to wake the part. This bit has no effect unless DIO55 is configured as a digital input. Arms the WAKE timer and loads it with the value in WAKE_TMR (I/O RAM 0x2880) register. When SLP or LCD mode is asserted by the MPU, the WAKE timer becomes active. Connects the PB pin to the WAKE logic and permits PB high level to wake the part. PB is always configured as an input. Connects the RX pin to the WAKE logic and permits RX rising to wake the part. See 3.4.1 for de-bounce issues. SEGDIO4 flag bit. If SEGDIO4 is configured to wake the part, this bit is set whenever SEGDIO4 rises. It is held in reset if SEGDIO4 is not configured for wakeup. SEGDIO52 flag bit. If SEGDIO52 is configured to wake the part, this bit is set whenever SEGDIO52 is a high level. It is held in reset if SEGDIO52 is not configured f or wakeup. SEGDIO55 flag bit. If SEGDIO55 is configured to wake the part, this bit is set whenever SEGDIO55 is a high level. It is held in reset if SEGDIO55 is not configured for wakeup. Indicates that the Wake timer caused the part to wake up. Indicates that the PB pin caused the part to wake. Indicates that RX pin caused the part to wake. Indicates that the RST pin, E_RST pin, RESET bit (I/O RAM 0x2200[3]), the cold start detector, or low voltage on the VBAT pin caused the part to reset. *See Table 66 for details. EW_DIO52 28B3[1] 0 – R/W EW_DIO55 28B3[0] 0 – R/W WAKE_ARM 28B2[5] 0 – R/W EW_PB 28B3[3] 0 – R/W EW_RX 28B3[4] 0 – R/W WF_DIO4 28B1[2] 0 – R WF_DIO52 28B1[1] 0 – R WF_DIO55 WF_TMR WF_PB WF_RX WF_RST WF_RSTBIT WF_ERST WF_CSTART WF_BADVDD 28B1[0] 28B1[5] 28B1[3] 28B1[4] 28B0[6] 28B0[5] 28B0[3] 28B0[7] 28B0[2] 0 0 0 0 * * * * * – – – – R R R R – R v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 83 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet T able 66: Clear Events for WAKE flags Flag WF_TMR WF_PB WF_RX WF_DIO4 WF_DIO52 WF_DIO55 Wake on: Timer expiration PB pin high level Either edge RX pin SEGDIO4 rising edge SEGDIO52 high level If OPT_RXDIS = 1 (I/O RAM 0x2457[2]), wake on SEGDIO55 high If OPT_RXDIS = 0 wake on either edge of OPT_RX RESET pin driven high RESET bit is set (I/O RAM 0x2200[3]) E_RST pin driven high and the ICE interface must be enabled by driving the ICE_E pin high. W atchdog (WD) reset Cold-start (i.e., after the application of first power) Clear Events WAKE falls WAKE falls WAKE falls WAKE falls WAKE falls WAKE falls WAKE falls, WF_CSTART, WF_RSTBIT, WF_OVF, WF_BADVDD WAKE falls, WF_CSTART, WF_OVF, WF_BADVDD, WF_RST W AKE falls, WF_CSTART, WF_RST, WF_OVF, WF_RSTBIT WAKE falls, WF_CSTART, WF_RSTBIT, WF_BADVDD, WF_RST WAKE falls, WF_RSTBIT, WF_OVF, WF_BADVDD, WF_RST WF_RST WF_RSTBIT WF_ERST WF_OVF WF_CSTART Note: “WAKE falls” implies that the internal WAKE signal has been reset, which happens automatically upon entry into LCD mode or SLEEP mode (i.e., when the MPU sets the LCD_ONLY bit (I/O RAM 0x28B2[6]) or the SLEEP (I/O RAM 0x28B2[7]) bit). When the internal WAKE signal resets, all wake flags are reset. Since the various wake flags are automatically reset when WAKE f alls, it is not necessary for the MPU to reset these flags before entering LCD mode or SLEEP mode. Also, other wake events can cause the wake flag to reset, as indicated above (e.g., the WF_RST flag can also be reset by any of the following flags setting: WF_CSTART, WS_RSTBIT, WF_OVF, WF_BADVDD) 3.4.2 Wake on Timer If the part is in SLP or LCD mode, it can be awakened by the Wake Timer. Until this timer times out, the MPU is in reset due to the internal WAKE signal being low. When the Wake Timer times out, WAKE rises and within three CK32 cycles, the MPU begins to execute. The MPU can determine that the timer woke it by checking the WF_TMR (I/O RAM 0x28B1[2]) wake flag. The Wake Timer begins timing when the part enters LCD or SLP mode. Its duration is controlled by the WAKE_TMR[7:0] register (I/O RAM 0x2880). The timer duration is WAKE_TMR[7:0] +1 seconds. The Wake Timer is armed by setting WAKE_ARM = 1 (I/O RAM 0x28B2[5]). It must be armed at least three RTC cycles before either SLP or LCD modes are initiated. Setting WAKE_ARM presets the timer with the value in WAKE_TMR and readies the timer to start when the MPU writes to the SLEEP (I/O RAM 0x28B2[7]) or LCD_ONLY (I/O RAM 0x28B2[6]) bits. The timer is neither reset nor disarmed when the MPU wakes-up. Thus, once armed and set, the MPU continues to be awakened WAKE_TMR[7:0] seconds after it requests SLP mode or LCD mode (i.e., once written, the WAKE_TMR[7:0] register holds its value and does not have to be re-written each time the MPU enters SLP or LCD mode. Also, since WAKE_TMR[7:0] is non-volatile, it also holds its value through resets and power failures). 3.5 Data Flow and MPU/CE Communication The data flow between the Compute Engine (CE) and the MPU is shown in Figure 26. In a typical application, the 32-bit CE sequentially processes the samples from the ADC inputs, performing calculations to measure 84 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet active power (Wh), reactive power (VARh), A2h, and V2h for four-quadrant metering. These measurements are then accessed by the MPU, processed further and output using the peripheral devices available to the MPU. Both the CE and multiplexer are controlled by the MPU via shared registers in the I/O RAM and in RAM. The CE outputs a total of six discrete signals to the MPU. These consist of four pulses and two interrupts: • • • • CE_BUSY XFER_BUSY W PULSE, VPULSE (pulses for active and reactive energy) XPULSE, YPULSE (auxiliary pulses) These interrupts are connected to the MPU interrupt service inputs as external interrupts. CE_BUSY indicates that the CE is actively processing data. This signal occurs once every multiplexer cycle (typically 396 µs), and indicates that the CE has updated status information in its CESTATUS register (CE RAM 0x80). XFER_BUSY indicates that the CE is updating data to the output region of the RAM. This update occurs whenever the CE has finished generating a sum by completing an accumulation interval determined by SUM_SAMPS[12:0], I/O RAM 0x2107[4:0], 2108[7:0], (typically every 1000 ms). Interrupts to the MPU occur on the falling edges of the XFER_BUSY and CE_BUSY signals. WPULSE and VPULSE are typically used to signal energy accumulation of real (Wh) and reactive (VARh) energy. Tying WPULSE and VPULSE into the MPU interrupt system can support pulse counting. XPULSE and YPULSE can be used to signal events such as sags and zero crossings of the mains voltage to the MPU. Tying these outputs into the MPU interrupt system relieves the MPU from having to read the CESTATUS register at every occurrence of the CE_BUSY interrupt in order to detect sag or zero crossing events. Refer to 5.4 CE Interface Description on page 120 for additional information on setting up the device using the MPU firmware. Pulses CE Samples XPULSE YPULSE Interrupts VPULSE WPULSE CE_BUSY XFER_BUSY CESTATUS Processed Metering Data MUX Control Control CECONFIG Control MPU XRAM I/O RAM (Configuration RAM) Figure 26: MPU/CE Data Flow v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 85 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 4 4.1 Application Information Connecting 5 V Devices All digital input pins of the 71M6543 are compatible with external 5 V devices. I/O pins configured as inputs do not require current-limiting resistors when they are connected to external 5 V devices. 4.2 Directly Connected Sensors Figure 27 through Figure 30 show voltage-sensing resistive dividers, current-sensing current transformers (CTs) and current-sensing resistive shunts and how they are connected to the voltage and current inputs of the 71M6543. All input signals to the 71M6543 sensor inputs are voltage signals providing a scaled representation of either a sensed voltage or current. The analog input pins of the 71M6543 are designed for sensors with low source impedance. RC filters with resistance values higher than those implemented in the Teridian Demo Boards must not be used. Please refer to the Demo Board schematics for complete sensor input circuits and corresponding component values. VADCn (n = 8, 9 or 10) VIN ROUT V3P3A Figure 27: Resistive Voltage Divider (Voltage Sensing) IIN IOUT IADCn (n = 0,1,...7) CT RBURDEN VOUT V3P3A Noise Filter 1:N Figure 28. CT with Single-Ended Input Connection (Current Sensing) IIN IOUT IADCn (n = 0, 2, 4 or 6) V3P3A CT RBURDEN VOUT IADCn+1 1:N Bias Network and Noise Filter Figure 29: CT with Differential Input Connection (Current Sensing) IIN IADCn (n = 2, 4 or 6) V3P3A RSHUNT VOUT IADCn+1 Bias Network and Noise Filter Figure 30: Differential Resistive Shunt Connections (Current Sensing) 86 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 4.3 Systems Using 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensors and Current Shunts Figure 31 shows a typical connection for current shunt sensors; using the 71M6xx3 (polyphase) isolated sensors. Note that one shunt current sensor is connected without isolation, which is the neutral current sensor in this example (connected to pins IADC0-IADC1). Each 71M6xx3 device is electrically isolated by a low-cost pulse transformer. The 71M6543 current sensor inputs must be configured for remote sensor communications, as described in 2.2.8 71M6xx3 Isolated Sensor Interface (page 22). Flexible remapping using the I/O RAM registers MUXn_SEL[3:0] allows the sequence of analog input pins to be different from the standard configuration (a corresponding CE code must be used). See Figure 2 for the AFE configuration corresponding to Figure 31. C NEUTRAL B A Shunt Current Sensors LOAD POWER SUPPLY NEUTRAL Note: This system is referenced to Neutral 3x TERIDIAN 71M6xx3 MUX and ADC IADC0 IADC1 }IN* VADC10 (VC) IADC6 IADC7 }IC VADC9 (VB) IADC4 IADC5 }IB VADC8 (VA) IADC2 IADC3 }IA VREF SERIAL PORTS V3P3A V3P3SYS GNDA GNDD 71M6xx3 71M6xx3 Resistor Dividers Pulse Transformers 71M6xx3 TERIDIAN 71M6543F/ 71M6543H/ 71M6543G/ 71M6543GH TEMPERATURE SENSOR PWR MODE CONTROL WAKE-UP REGULATOR VBAT VBAT_RTC BATTERY MONITOR RTC BATTERY BATTERY RAM COMPUTE ENGINE FLASH MEMORY COM0...5 SEG SEG/DIO LCD DRIVER DIO, PULSES DIO LCD DISPLAY AMR TX RX MODUL- RX ATOR TX POWER FAULT COMPARATOR 8888.8888 PULSES, DIO I2C or µWire EEPROM 32 kHz IR MPU RTC TIMERS ICE V3P3D OSCILLATOR/ PLL XIN XOUT 9/17/2010 HOST SPI INTERFACE *IN = Neutral Current Figure 31: System Using Three-Remotes and One-Local (Neutral) Sensor v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 87 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 4.4 System Using Current Transformers Figure 32 shows a polyphase system using four current transformers to support optional Neutral current sensing for anti-tamper purposes. The Neutral current sensing CT can be omitted if Neutral current sensing is not required. The system is referenced to Neutral (i.e., the Neutral rail is tied to V3P3A and V3P3SYS). Current Transformers A NEUTRAL B C LOAD Note: This system is referenced to Neutral POWER SUPPLY NEUTRAL Resistor Dividers MUX and ADC IADC2 }IA IADC3 VADC8 (VA) IADC4 }IB IADC5 VADC9 (VB) IADC6 }IC IADC7 VADC10 (VC) IADC0 }IN* IADC1 VREF SERIAL PORTS V3P3A V3P3SYS GNDA GNDD TERIDIAN 71M6543F/ 71M6543H/ 71M6543G/ 71M6543GH TEMPERATURE SENSOR PWR MODE CONTROL WAKE-UP REGULATOR VBAT VBAT_RTC BATTERY MONITOR RTC BATTERY BATTERY RAM COMPUTE ENGINE FLASH MEMORY COM0...5 SEG SEG/DIO LCD DRIVER DIO, PULSES DIO LCD DISPLAY AMR TX RX MODUL- RX ATOR TX POWER FAULT COMPARATOR 8888.8888 PULSES, DIO I2C or µWire EEPROM 32 kHz IR MPU RTC TIMERS ICE V3P3D OSCILLATOR/ PLL XIN XOUT 9/17/2010 HOST SPI INTERFACE *IN = Optional Neutral Current Figure 32. System Using Current Transformers 88 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 4.5 4.5.1 Metrology Temperature Compensation Distinction Between Standard and High-Precision Parts Since the VREF band-gap amplifier is chopper-stabilized, as set by the CHOP_E[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x2106[3:2]) control field, the dc offset voltage, which is the most significant long-term drift mechanism in the voltage references (VREF), is automatically removed by the chopper circuit. Both the 71M6543 and the 71M6xx3 feature chopper circuits for their respective VREF voltage reference. Since the variation in the bandgap reference voltage (VREF) is the major contributor to measurement error across temperatures, Teridian implements a two step procedure to trim and characterize the VREF voltage reference during the device manufacturing process. The first step in the process is applied to both all parts (71M6543F, 71M6543H, 71M6543G, 71M6543GH). In this first step, the reference voltage (VREF) is trimmed to a target value of 1.195V. During this trimming process, the TRIMT[7:0] (I/O RAM 0x2309) value is stored in non-volatile fuses. TRIMT[7:0] is trimmed to a value that results in minimum VREF variation with temperature. For the 71M6543F and 71M6543G devices (±0.5% energy accuracy), the TRIMT[7:0] v alue can be read by the MPU during initialization in order to calculate parabolic temperature compensation coefficients suitable for each individual 71M6543F and 71M6543G device. The resulting temperature coefficient for VREF in the 71M6543F and 71M6543G is ±40 ppm/°C. Considering the factory calibration temperature of VREF to be +22°C and the industrial temperature range (-40°C to +85°C), the VREF error at the temperature extremes for the 71M6543F and 71M6543G devices can be calculated as: (85o C − 22 o C ) ⋅ 40 ppm / oC = +2520 ppm = +0.252% and (−40 o C − 22 o C ) ⋅ 40 ppm / oC = −2480 ppm = −0.248% The above calculation implies that both the voltage and the current measurements are individually subject to a theoretical maximum error of approximately ±0.25%. When the voltage sample and current sample are multiplied together to obtain the energy per sample, the voltage error and current error combine resulting in approximately ±0.5% maximum energy measurement error. However, this theoretical ±0.5% error considers only the voltage reference (VREF) as an error source. In practice, other error sources exist in the system. The principal remaining error sources are the current sensors (shunts or CTs) and their corresponding signal conditioning circuits, and the resistor voltage divider used to measure the voltage. The 71M6543F and 71M6543G 0.5% grade devices should be used in Class 1% designs, to allow margin for the other error sources in the system. The 71M6543H and 71M6543GH devices (±0.1% energy accuracy) goes through an additional process of characterization during production which makes it suitable to high-accuracy applications. The additional process is the characterization of the voltage reference (VREF) over temperature. The coefficients for the voltage reference are stored in additional non-volatile trim fuses. The MPU can read these trim fuses during initialization and calculate parabolic temperature compensation coefficients suitable for each individual 71M6543H and 71M6543GH device. The resulting temperature coefficient for VREF in the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH is ±10 ppm/°C. The VREF error at the temperature extremes for the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH devices can be calculated as: (85o C − 22 o C ) ⋅ 10 ppm / oC = +630 ppm = +0.063% and (−40 o C − 22 o C ) ⋅ 10 ppm / oC = −620 ppm = −0.062% W hen the voltage sample and current sample are multiplied together to obtain the energy per sample, the voltage error and current error combine resulting in approximately ±0.126% maximum energy v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 89 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet measurement error. The 71M6543H and 71M6543GH 0.1% grade devices should be used in Class 0.2% and Class 0.5% designs, to allow margin for the other error sources in the system. The preceding discussion in this section also applies to the71M6603 (0.5%), 71M6113 (0.5%) and 71M6203 (0.1%) remote sensors. Refer to the 71M6xxx Data Sheet for details. 4.5.2 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543F and 71M6543G The equations provided below for calculating TC1 and TC2 apply to the 71M6543F and 71M6543G (0.5% energy accuracy). In order to obtain TC1 and TC2, the MPU reads TRIMT[7:0] (I/O RAM 0x2309) and uses the TC1 and TC2 equations provided. PPMC and PPMC2 are then calculated from TC1 and TC2, as shown. The resulting tracking of the reference voltage (VREF) is within ±40 ppm/°C, corresponding to a ±0.5% energy measurement accuracy. See 4.5.1 Distinction Between Standard and High-Precision Parts. TC1( µV / °C ) = 275 − 4.95 ⋅ TRIMT TC 2( µV / °C 2 ) = −0.557 + 0.00028 ⋅ TRIMT PPMC = 22.4632 ⋅ TC1 PPMC 2 = 1150.116 ⋅ TC 2 See 4.5.5 and 4.5.6 below for further temperature compensation details. 4.5.3 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH The 71M6543H and 71M6543GH undergo a two-pass factory trimming process which stores additional trim fuse values. The additional trim fuse values characterize the device’s VREF behavior at various temperatures. The values for TC1 and TC2 are calculated from the values read from the TRIMT[7:0] (I/O RAM 0x2309), TRIMBGB[15:0] (Info Page 0x92 and 0x93) and TRIMBGD[7:0] (Info Page 0x94) nonvolatile on-chip fuses using the equations provided. The resulting tracking of the reference voltage is within ±10 ppm/°C, corresponding to a ±0.126% energy measurement accuracy. The equations for deriving PPCM and PPMC2 from TC1 and TC2 are also provided. See 4.5.1 Distinction Between Standard and High-Precision Parts. TC1(µV/℃)=35.091+0.01764∙TRIMT+1.587∙(������������������������������������������ − ������������������������������������������) TC 2( µV / °C 2 ) = −0.557 − 0.00028 ⋅ TRIMT PPMC = 22.4632 ⋅ TC1 PPMC 2 = 1150.116 ⋅ TC 2 TRIMT[7:0] trims the VREF voltage for minimum variation with temperature. The TRIMT[7:0] fuses are read by the MPU directly at I/O RAM address 0x2309[7:0] . During the second pass trim for the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH, VREF is further characterized at 85°C and 22°C, and the resulting fuse trim values are stored in TRIMBGB[15:0] and TRIMBGD[7:0], respectively. TRIMBGB[15:0] and TRIMBGD[7:0] cannot be read directly by the MPU. See 5.3 Reading the Info Page (71M6543H and 71M6543GH only) on page 118 for information on how to read the Info Page trim fuses. See 4.5.5 and 4.5.6 below for further temperature compensation details. 4.5.4 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6xx3 Refer to the 71M6xxx Data sheet for the equations that are applicable to each 71M6xx3 part number and the corresponding temperature coefficients. 4.5.5 Temperature Compensation for VREF and Shunt Sensors This section discusses metrology temperature compensation for the meter designs where current shunt sensors are used in conjunction with Teridian’s 71M6xx3 remote isolated sensors, as shown in Figure 31. Sensors that are directly connected to the 71M6543 are affected by the voltage variation in the 71M6543 VREF due to temperature. On the other hand, shunt sensors that are connected to 71M6xx3 remote sensor are affected by the VREF in the 71M6xx3. The VREF in both the 71M6543 and 71M6xx3 can be 90 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet compensated digitally using a second-order polynomial function of temperature. The 71M6543 and 71M6xx3 feature temperature sensors for the purposes of temperature compensating their corresponding VREF. The compensation computations must be implemented in MPU firmware. Referring to Figure 31, the VADC8 (VA), VADC9 (VB) and VADC10 (VC) voltage sensors are always directly connected to the 71M6543. Thus, the precision of the voltage sensors is primarily affected by VREF in the 71M6543. The temperature coefficient of the resistors used to implement the voltage dividers for the voltage sensors (see Figure 27) determine the behavior of the voltage division ratio with respect to temperature. It is recommended to use resistors with low temperature coefficients, while forming the entire voltage divider using resistors belonging to the same technology family, in order to minimize the temperature dependency of the voltage division ratio. The resistors must also have suitable voltage ratings. The 71M6543 also may have one local current shunt sensor that is connected directly to it via the IADC0IADC1 input pins, and therefore this local current sensor is also affected by the VREF in the 71M6543. The shunt current sensor resistance has a temperature dependency, which also may require compensation, depending on the required accuracy class. The IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5 and IADC6-IADC7 current sensors are isolated by the 71M6xx3 and depend on the VREF of the 71M6xx3, plus the variation of the corresponding remote shunt current sensor with temperature. The MPU has the responsibility of computing the necessary sample gain compensation values required for each sensor channel based on the sensed temperature. Teridian provides demonstration code that implements the GAIN_ADJx compensation equation shown below. The resulting GAIN_ADJx values are stored by the MPU in five CE RAM locations GAIN_ADJ0-GAIN_ADJ5 (CE RAM 0x40-0x44). The demonstration code thus provides a suitable implementation of temperature compensation, but other methods are possible in MPU firmware by utilizing the on-chip temperature sensors while storing the sample gain adjustment results in the CE RAM GAIN_ADJx storage locations for use by the CE. The demonstration code maintains five separate sets of PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients and computes five separate GAIN_ADJx values based on the sensed temperature using the equation below: GAIN _ ADJx = 16385 + 10 ⋅ TEMP _ X ⋅ PPMC 100 ⋅ TEMP _ X 2 ⋅ PPMC 2 + 214 2 23 The GAIN_ADJx values stored by the MPU in CE RAM are used by the CE to gain adjust (i.e., multiply) 14 the sample in each corresponding sensor channel. A GAIN_ADJx value of 16,384 (i.e., 2 )corresponds to unity gain, while values less than 16,384 attenuate the samples and values greater than 16,384 amplify the samples. In the above equation, TEMP_X is the deviation from nominal or calibration temperature expressed in multiples of 0.1 °C. The 10x and 100x factors seen in the above equation are due to 0.1 oC scaling of TEMP_X. For example, if the calibration (reference) temperature is 22 oC and the measured temperature is 27 oC, then 10*TEMP_X = (27-22) x 10 = 50 (decimal), which represents a +5 oC deviation from 22oC. In the demonstration code, TEMP_X is calculated in the MPU from the STEMP[10:0] temperature sensor reading using the equation provided below and is scaled in 0.1°C units. See 2.5.5 71M6543 Temperature Sensor on page 55 for the equation to calculate temperature in degrees °C from the STEMP[10:0] value. Table 67 shows the five GAIN_ADJx equation output storage locations and the voltage or current sensor channels for which they compensate for the 1 Local / 3 Remote configuration shown in Figure 31. T able 67: GAIN_ADJn Compensation Channels (Figure 2, Figure 31, Table 1) Gain Adjustment Output CE RAM Address Sensor Channel(s) (pin names) VADC8 (VA) VADC9 (VB) VADC10 (VC) IADC0-IADC1 IADC2-IADC3 IADC4-IADC5 Compensation For: VREF in 71M6543 and Voltage Divider Resistors VREF in 71M6543 and Shunt (Neutral Current) VREF in 71M6xx3 and Shunt (Phase A) VREF in 71M6xx3 and Shunt (Phase B) GAIN_ADJ0 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 GAIN_ADJ1 GAIN_ADJ2 GAIN_ADJ3 v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 91 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet GAIN_ADJ4 0x44 IADC6-IADC7 VREF in 71M6xx3 and Shunt (Phase C) In the demonstration code, the shape of the temperature compensation second-order parabolic curve is determined by the values stored in the PPMC (1st order coefficient) and PPMC2 (2nd order coefficient), which are typically setup by the MPU at initialization time from values that are stored in EEPROM. To disable temperature compensation in the demonstration code, PPMC and PPMC2 are both set to zero for each of the five GAIN_ADJx channels. To enable temperature compensation, the PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients are set with values that match the expected temperature variation of the shunt current sensor (if required) and the corresponding VREF voltage reference (summed together). The shunt sensor requires a second order polynomial compensation which is determined by the PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients for the corresponding current measurement channel. The corresponding VREF voltage reference also requires the PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients to match the second order temperature behavior of the voltage reference. The PPMC and PPMC2 values associated with the shunt and with the corresponding VREF are summed together to obtain the compensation coefficients for a st nd given current-sensing channel (i.e., the 1 order PPMC coefficients are summed together, and the 2 order PPMC2 coefficients are summed together). In the 71M6543F and 71M6543G, the required VREF compensation coefficients PPMC and PPMC2 are calculated from readable on-chip non-volatile fuses (see 4.5.2 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543F). These coefficients are designed to achieve ±40 ppm/°C for VREF in the 71M6543F and 71M6543G. PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients are similarly calculated for the 71M6xx3 remote sensor (see 4.5.4 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6xx3). For the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH (±0.1% energy accuracy), coefficients specific to each individual device can be calculated from values read from additional on-chip fuses that characterize the VREF behavior of each individual part across industrial temperatures (see 4.5.3 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543H). The resulting tracking of the reference VREF voltage is within ±10 ppm/°C. For the current channels, to determine the PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients for the shunt current sensors, the designer must either know the average temperature curve of the shunt from its manufacturer’s data sheet or obtain these coefficients by laboratory characterization of the shunt used in the design. 4.5.6 Temperature Compensation of VREF and Current Transformers This section discusses metrology temperature compensation for meter designs where Current Transformer (CT) sensors are used, as shown in Figure 32. Sensors that are directly connected to the 71M6543 are affected by the voltage variation in the 71M6543 VREF due to temperature. The VREF in the 71M6543 can be compensated digitally using a secondorder polynomial function of temperature. The 71M6543 features a temperature sensor for the purposes of temperature compensating its VREF. The compensation computations must be implemented in MPU firmware and written to the corresponding GAIN_ADJx CE RAM location. Referring to Figure 32, the VADC8 (VA), VADC9 (VB) and VADC10 (VC) voltage sensors are directly connected to the 71M6543. Thus, the precision of the voltage sensors is primarily affected by VREF in the 71M6543. The temperature coefficient of the resistors used to implement the voltage dividers for the voltage sensors (see Figure 27) determine the behavior of the voltage division ratio with respect to temperature. It is recommended to use resistors with low temperature coefficients, while forming the entire voltage divider using resistors belonging to the same technology family, in order to minimize the temperature dependency of the voltage division ratio. The resistors must also have suitable voltage ratings. The Current Transformers are directly connected to the 71M6543 and are therefore primarily affected by the VREF temperature dependency in the 71M6543. For best performance, it is recommended to use the differential signal conditioning circuit, as shown in Figure 29, to connect the CTs to the 71M6543. Current transformers may also require temperature compensation. The copper wire winding in the CT has dc resistance with a temperature coefficient, which makes the voltage delivered to the burden resistor temperature dependent, and the burden resistor also has a temperature coefficient. Thus, each CT sensor channel needs to compensate for the 71M6543 VREF, and optionally for the temperature dependency of the CT and its burden resistor depending on the required accuracy class. 92 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet The MPU has the responsibility of computing the necessary sample gain compensation values required for each sensor channel based on the sensed temperature. Teridian provides demonstration code that implements the GAIN_ADJx compensation equation shown below. The resulting GAIN_ADJx values are stored by the MPU in five CE RAM locations GAIN_ADJ0-GAIN_ADJ5 (CE RAM 0x40-0x44). The demonstration code thus provides a suitable implementation of temperature compensation, but other methods are possible in MPU firmware by utilizing the on-chip temperature sensor while storing the sample gain adjustment results in the CE RAM GAIN_ADJn storage locations. The demonstration code maintains five separate sets of PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients and computes five separate GAIN_ADJn values based on the sensed temperature using the equation below: GAIN _ ADJx = 16385 + 10 ⋅ TEMP _ X ⋅ PPMC 100 ⋅ TEMP _ X 2 ⋅ PPMC 2 + 214 2 23 The GAIN_ADJn values stored by the MPU in CE RAM are used by the CE to gain adjust (i.e., multiply) the sample in each corresponding sensor channel. A GAIN_ADJx value of 16,384 (i.e., 214)corresponds to unity gain, while values less than 16,384 attenuate the samples and values greater than 16,384 amplify the samples. In the above equation, TEMP_X is the deviation from nominal or calibration temperature expressed in multiples of 0.1 °C. The 10x and 100x factors seen in the above equation are due to 0.1 oC scaling of TEMP_X. For example, if the calibration (reference) temperature is 22 °C and the measured temperature is 27 °C, then 10*TEMP_X = (27-22) x 10 = 50 (decimal), which represents a +5 °C deviation from 22 °C. In the demonstration code, TEMP_X is calculated in the MPU from the STEMP[10:0] temperature sensor reading using the equation provided below and is scaled in 0.1°C units. See 2.5.5 71M6543 Temperature Sensor on page 55 for the equation to calculate temperature in °C from the STEMP[10:0] reading. Table 68 shows the five GAIN_ADJx equation output storage locations and the voltage or current measurements for which they compensate. T able 68: GAIN_ADJx Compensation Channels (Figure 3, Figure 32, Table 2) Gain Adjustment Output CE RAM Address Sensor Channel(s) (pin names) VADC8 (VA) VADC9 (VB) VADC10 (VC) IADC0-IADC1 IADC2-IADC3 IADC4-IADC5 IADC6-IADC7 Compensation For: VREF in 71M6543 and Voltage Divider Resistors VREF in 71M6543, CT and Burden Resistor (Neutral Current) VREF in 71M6543, CT and Burden Resistor (Phase A) VREF in 71M6543, CT and Burden Resistor (Phase B) VREF in 71M6543, CT and Burden Resistor (Phase C) GAIN_ADJ0 0x40 0x41 0x42 0x43 0x44 GAIN_ADJ1 GAIN_ADJ2 GAIN_ADJ3 GAIN_ADJ4 In the demonstration code, the shape of the temperature compensation second-order parabolic curve is determined by the values stored in the PPMC (1st order coefficient) and PPMC2 (2nd order coefficient), which are typically setup by the MPU at initialization time from values that are stored in EEPROM. To disable temperature compensation in the demonstration code, PPMC and PPMC2 are both set to zero for each of the five GAIN_ADJx channels. To enable temperature compensation, the PPMC and PPMC2 coefficients are set with values that match the expected VREF temperature variation and optionally the corresponding sensor circuit (i.e., the CT and burden resistor for current channels or the resistor divider network for the voltage channels). In the 71M6543F and 71M6543G (±0.5% energy accuracy), the required VREF compensation coefficients PPMC and PPMC2 are calculated from readable on-chip non-volatile fuses (see 4.5.2Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543F). These coefficients are designed to achieve ±40 ppm/°C for VREF. For the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH (±0.1% energy accuracy), coefficients specific to each individual device can be calculated from values read from additional on-chip fuses that characterize the VREF v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 93 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet behavior of each individual part across industrial temperatures (see 4.5.3 Temperature Coefficients for the 71M6543H). The resulting tracking of the reference VREF voltage is within ±10 ppm/°C. 4.6 Connecting I2C EEPROMs I2C EEPROMs or other I2C compatible devices should be connected to the DIO pins SEGDIO2 and SEGDIO3, as shown in Figure 33. Pullup resistors of roughly 10 kΩ to V3P3D (to ensure operation in BRN mode) should be used for both SDCK and SDATA signals. The DIO_EEX (I/O RAM 0x2456[7:6]) field must be set to 01 in order to convert the DIO pins SEGDIO2 and SEGDIO3 to I2C pins SCL and SDATA. 10 kΩ V3P3D 10 kΩ EEPROM DIO2 DIO3 71M6543 Figure 33: I2C EEPROM Connection SDCK SDATA 4.7 Connecting Three-Wire EEPROMs µWire EEPROMs and other compatible devices should be connected to the DIO pins SEGDIO2 and SEGDIO3, as described in 2.5.11 EEPROM Interface on page 66. 4.8 UART0 (TX/RX) The UART0 RX pin should be pulled down by a 10 kΩ resistor and additionally protected by a 100 pF ceramic capacitor, as shown in Figure 34. 71M6543 RX 100 pF 10 k Ω RX TX TX Figure 34: Connections for UART0 4.9 Optical Interface (UART1) The OPT_TX and OPT_RX pins can be used for a regular serial interface (by connecting a RS_232 transceiver for example), or they can be used to directly operate optical components (for example, an infrared diode and phototransistor implementing a FLAG interface). Figure 35 shows the basic connections 94 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet f or UART1. The OPT_TX pin becomes active when the control field OPT_TXE (I/O RAM 0x2456[3:2]) is set to 00. The polarity of the OPT_TX and OPT_RX pins can be inverted with the configuration bits, OPT_TXINV (I/O RAM 0x2456[0]) and OPT_RXINV (I/O RAM 0x2457[1]), respectively. The OPT_TX output may be modulated at 38 kHz when system power is present. Modulation is not available in BRN mode. The OPT_TXMOD bit (I/O RAM 0x2456[1]) enables modulation. The duty cycle is controlled by OPT_FDC[1:0] (I/O RAM 0x2457[5:4]), which can select 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25% duty cycle. A 6.25% duty cycle means OPT_TX is low for 6.25% of the period. The OPT_RX pin uses digital signal thresholds. It may need an analog filter when receiving modulated optical signals. With modulation, an optical emitter can be operated at higher current than nominal, enabling it to increase the distance along the optical path. If operation in BRN mode is desired, the external components should be connected to V3P3D. However, it is recommended to limit the current to a few mA. V3P3SYS 71M6543 OPT_RX 100 pF 10 kΩ R1 Phototransistor V3P3SYS R2 OPT_TX LED Figure 35: Connection for Optical Components 4.10 Connecting the Reset Pin Even though a functional meter does not necessarily need a reset switch, it is useful to have a reset pushbutton for prototyping as shown in Figure 36, left side. The RESET signal may be sourced from V3P3SYS (functional in MSN mode only), V3P3D (MSN and BRN modes), or VBAT (all modes, if a battery is present), or from a combination of these sources, depending on the application. For a production meter, the RESET pin should be protected by the by the external components shown in Figure 36, right side. R1 should be in the range of 100Ω and mounted as closely as possible to the IC. Since the 71M6543 generates its own power-on reset, a reset button or circuitry, as shown in Figure 36, is only required for test units and prototypes. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 95 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet VBAT/ V3P3D R2 1k Ω Reset Switch V3P3D 71M6543 771M6533 1M6543 RESET RESET 0.1µF 10k Ω R1 GNDD 100Ω R1 DGND Figure 36: External Components for the RESET Pin: Push-Button (Left), Production Circuit (Right) 4.11 Connecting the Emulator Port Pins Even when the emulator is not used, small shunt capacitors to ground (22 pF) should be used for protection from EMI as illustrated in Figure 37. Production boards should have the ICE_E pin connected to ground. LCD Segments V3P3D 62 Ω 62 Ω (optional) 71M6543 ICE_E E_RST E_RXT E_TCLK 62 Ω 22 pF 22 pF 22 pF Figure 37: External Components for the Emulator Interface 4.12 Flash Programming 4.12.1 Flash Programming via the ICE Port Operational or test code can be programmed into the flash memory using either an in-circuit emulator or the Flash Programmer Module (TFP-2) available from Teridian. The flash programming procedure uses the E_RST, E_RXTX, and E_TCLK pins. 4.12.2 Flash Programming via the SPI Port It is possible to erase, read and program the flash memory of the 71M6543 via the SPI port. See 2.5.12 for a detailed description. 4.13 MPU Demonstration Code All application-specific MPU functions mentioned in 4 Application Information are featured in the demonstration C source code supplied by Teridian. The code is available as part of the Demonstration Kit for the 71M6543. The Demonstration Kits come with the 71M6543 preprogrammed with demonstration firmware and mounted on a functional sample meter Demo Board. The Demo Boards allow for quick and efficient evaluation of the IC without having to write firmware or having to supply an in-circuit emulator (ICE). 96 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 4.14 Crystal Oscillator The oscillator of the 71M6543 drives a standard 32.768 kHz watch crystal. The oscillator has been designed specifically to handle these crystals and is compatible with their high impedance and limited power handling capability. The oscillator power dissipation is very low to maximize the lifetime of any battery backup device attached to the VBAT_RTC pin. Board layouts with minimum capacitance from XIN to XOUT require less battery current. Good layouts have XIN and XOUT shielded from each other and also keep the XIN and XOUT traces short and away from LCD and digital signals. Since the oscillator is self-biasing, an external resistor must not be connected across the crystal. 4.15 Meter Calibration Once the Teridian 71M6543 energy meter device has been installed in a meter system, it must be calibrated. A complete calibration includes the following: • • • Establishment of the reference temperature for factory calibration (e.g., typically 22 °C). Calibration of the metrology section, i.e., calibration for errors of the current sensors, voltage dividers and signal conditioning components as well as of the internal reference voltage (VREF) at the reference temperature (e.g., typically 22 °C). Calibration of the oscillator frequency using the RTCA_ADJ register (I/O RAM 0x2504). The metrology section can be calibrated using the gain and phase adjustment factors accessible to the CE. The gain adjustment is used to compensate for tolerances of components used for signal conditioning, especially the resistive components. Phase adjustment is provided to compensate for phase shifts introduced by the current sensors or by the effects of reactive power supplies. Due to the flexibility of the MPU firmware, any calibration method, such as calibration based on energy, or current and voltage can be implemented. It is also possible to implement segment-wise calibration (depending on current range). The 71M6543 supports common industry standard calibration techniques, such as single-point (energy-only), multi-point (energy, Vrms, Irms), and auto-calibration. Teridian provides a calibration spreadsheet file to facilitate the calibration process. Contact your Teridian representative to obtain a copy of the latest calibration spreadsheet file for the 71M6543. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 97 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 5 5.1 Firmware Interface I/O RAM Map –Functional Order In Table 69 and Table 70, unimplemented (U) and reserved (R) bits are shaded in light gray. Unimplemented bits are identified with a ‘U’. Unimplemented bits have no memory storage, writing them has no effect, and reading them always returns zero. Reserved bits are identified with an ‘R’, and must always be written with a zero. Writing values other than zero to reserved bits may have undesirable side effects and must be avoided. Non-volatile bits are shaded in dark gray. Non-volatile bits are backed-up during power failures if the system includes a battery connected to the VBAT pin. The I/O RAM locations listed in Table 69 have sequential addresses to facilitate reading by the MPU (e.g., in order to verify their contents). These I/O RAM locations are usually modified only at boot-up. The addresses shown in Table 69 are an alternative sequential address to the addresses from Table 70 which are used throughout this document. For instance, EQU[2:0] can be accessed at I/O RAM 0x2000[7:5] or at I/O RAM 0x2106[7:5]. T able 69: I/O RAM Map – Functional Order, Basic Configuration Name CE6 CE5 CE4 CE3 CE2 CE1 CE0 RCE0 RTMUX FOVRD MUX5 MUX4 MUX3 MUX2 MUX1 MUX0 TEMP LCD0 LCD1 98 Addr 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 200A 200B 200C 200D 200E 200F 2010 2011 2012 U Bit 7 Bit 6 EQU[2:0] U Bit 5 Bit 4 U Bit 3 Bit 2 CHOP_E[1:0] SUM_SAMPS[12:8] SUM_SAMPS[7:0] Bit 1 RTM_E Bit 0 CE_E DIFF6_E DIFF4_E DIFF2_E CHOPR[1:0] RMT6_E U TMUXR4[2:0] U U R MUX_DIV[3:0] MUX9_SEL MUX7_SEL MUX5_SEL MUX3_SEL MUX1_SEL TEMP_BSEL TEMP_PWR OSC_COMP TEMP_BAT LCD_E LCD_MODE[2:0] LCD_VMODE[1:0] CE_LCTN[6/5:0] PLS_MAXWIDTH[7:0] PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] DIFF0_E RFLY_DIS RMT4_E RMT2_E U U U FIR_LEN[1:0] PLS_INV TMUXR6[2:0] TMUXR2[2:0] U U U MUX10_SEL MUX8_SEL MUX6_SEL MUX4_SEL MUX2_SEL MUX0_SEL TBYTE_BUSY TEMP_PER[2:0] LCD_ALLCOM LCD_Y LCD_CLK[1:0] LCD_BLNKMAP23[5:0] v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Addr Bit 7 LCD_BAT Bit 6 R Bit 3 Bit 2 LCD_BLNKMAP22[5:0] LCD_MAP[55:48] LCD_MAP[47:40] LCD_MAP[39:32] LCD_MAP[31:24] LCD_MAP[23:16] LCD_MAP[15:8] LCD_MAP[7:0] U U U DIO_R11[2:0] U DIO_R9[2:0] U DIO_R7[2:0] U DIO_R5[2:0] U DIO_R3[2:0] U U U OPT_TXE[1:0] OPT_FDC[1:0] U OPT_RXDIS U U U U EX_YPULSE EX_RTCT U EX_RTC1M EX_VPULSE EW_RX EW_PB EW_DIO4 SFMM[7:0]* SFMS[7:0]* Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 1 Bit 0 LCD2 2013 LCD_MAP6 2014 LCD_MAP5 2015 LCD_MAP4 2016 LCD_MAP3 2017 LCD_MAP2 2018 LCD_MAP1 2019 LCD_MAP0 201A U U DIO_R5 201B U DIO_R4 201C U DIO_R3 201D U DIO_R2 201E U DIO_R1 201F U DIO_R0 2020 DIO_EEX[1:0] DIO0 2021 DIO_PW DIO_PV DIO1 2022 DIO_PX DIO_PY DIO2 2023 EX_EEX EX_XPULSE INT1_E 2024 EX_SPI EX_WPULSE INT2_E 2025 W AKE_E 2026 SFMM 2080 SFMS 2081 Notes: *SFMM and SFMS are accessible only through the SPI slave port. See 2.5.1.1 Flash Memory f or details. DIO_RPB[2:0] DIO_R10[2:0] DIO_R8[2:0] DIO_R6[2:0] DIO_R4[2:0] DIO_R2[2:0] OPT_TXMOD OPT_RXINV U EX_RTC1S EW_DIO52 OPT_TXINV OPT_BB U EX_XFER EW_DIO55 v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 99 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Table 70 lists bits and registers that may have to be accessed on a frequent basis. Reserved bits have lighter gray background, and non-volatile bits have a darker gray background. T able 70: I/O RAM Map – Functional Order Name Addr Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 CE and ADC MUX_DIV[3:0] MUX10_SEL[3:0] MUX5 2100 MUX9_SEL[3:0] MUX8_SEL[3:0] MUX4 2101 MUX7_SEL[3:0] MUX6_SEL[3:0] MUX3 2102 MUX5_SEL[3:0] MUX4_SEL[3:0] MUX2 2103 MUX3_SEL[3:0] MUX2_SEL[3:0] MUX1 2104 MUX1_SEL[3:0] MUX0_SEL[3:0] MUX0 2105 EQU[2:0] U CHOP_E[1:0] RTM_E CE_E CE6 2106 U SUM_SAMPS[12:8] CE5 2107 SUM_SAMPS[7:0] CE4 2108 U CE_LCTN[6:0] (71M6543G/GH), CE_LCTN[5:0] (71M6543F/H) CE3 2109 PLS_MAXWIDTH[7:0] CE2 210A PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] CE1 210B DIFF6_E DIFF4_E DIFF2_E DIFF0_E RFLY_DIS FIR_LEN[1:0] PLS_INV CE0 210C U U U U U U RTM0[9:8] RTM0 210D RTM0[7:0] RTM0 210E RTM1[7:0] RTM1 210F RTM2[7:0] RTM2 2110 RTM3[7:0] RTM3 2111 CLOCK GENERATION U U ADC_DIV PLL_FAST RESET MPU_DIV[2:0] CKGN 2200 VREF TRIM FUSES TRIMT[7:0] TRIMT 2309 LCD/DIO LCD_E LCD_MODE[2:0] LCD_ALLCOM LCD_Y LCD_CLK[1:0] LCD0 2400 LCD_VMODE[1:0] LCD_BLNKMAP23[5:0] LCD1 2401 LCD_BAT R LCD_BLNKMAP22[5:0] LCD2 2402 LCD_MAP[55:48] LCD_MAP6 2405 LCD_MAP[47:40] LCD_MAP5 2406 LCD_MAP[39:32] LCD_MAP4 2407 LCD_MAP[31:24] LCD_MAP3 2408 100 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name LCD_MAP2 LCD_MAP1 LCD_MAP0 LCD4 LCD_DAC SEGDIO0 … SEGDIO15 SEGDIO16 … SEGDIO45 SEGDIO46 … SEGDIO50 SEGDIO51 … SEGDIO55 Addr 2409 240A 240B 240C 240D 2410 … 241F 2420 … 243D 243E … 2442 2443 … 2447 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 LCD_MAP[23:16] LCD_MAP[15:8] LCD_MAP[7:0] U U Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U U LCD_RST LCD_BLANK LCD_DAC[4:0] LCD_SEG0[5:0] … LCD_SEG15[5:0] LCD_SEGDIO16[5:0] … LCD_SEGDIO45[5:0] LCD_SEG46[5:0] … LCD_SEG50[5:0] LCD_SEGDIO51[5:0] … LCD_SEGDIO55[5:0] U U U U U U OPT_TXE[1:0] U OPT_RXDIS U U R U U U DIO_RPB[2:0] DIO_R10[2:0] DIO_R8[2:0] DIO_R6[2:0] DIO_R4[2:0] DIO_R2[2:0] OPT_TXMOD OPT_RXINV U LCD_ON DIO_R5 2450 DIO_R4 2451 DIO_R3 2452 DIO_R2 2453 DIO_R1 2454 DIO_R0 2455 DIO0 2456 DIO1 2457 DIO2 2458 NV BITS SPARENV 2500 FOVRD 2501 TMUX 2502 TMUX2 2503 RTC1 2504 71M6xx3 Interface v1.2 U R U U U U U DIO_EEX[1:0] DIO_PW DIO_PV DIO_PX DIO_PY U U U U U U U U U R R DIO_R11[2:0] DIO_R9[2:0] DIO_R7[2:0] DIO_R5[2:0] DIO_R3[2:0] U U OPT_FDC[1:0] U U U R U U U OPT_TXINV OPT_BB U U TMUX[5:0] TMUX2[4:0] RTCA_ADJ[6:0] © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 101 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Addr REMOTE2 2602 REMOTE1 2603 RBITS INT1_E 2700 INT2_E 2701 SECURE 2702 Analog0 2704 VERSION 2706 INTBITS 2707 FLAG0 SFR E8 FLAG1 SFR F8 STAT SFR F9 REMOTE0 SFR FC SPI1 SFR FD SPI0 2708 RCE0 2709 RTMUX 270A INFO_PG 270B DIO3 270C NV RAM and RTC 2800NVRAMxx 287F W AKE 2880 STEMP1 2881 STEMP0 2882 BSENSE 2885 LKPADDR 2887 LKPDATA 2888 LKPCTRL 2889 RTC0 2890 RTC2 2892 RTC3 2893 RTC4 2894 102 Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 RMT_RD[15:8] RMT_RD[7:0] EX_RTCT U U U R ADC_E BCURR VERSION[7:0] INT4 INT3 IE_RTCT U U U PLL_OK U SPI_CMD[7:0] SPI_STAT[7:0] RMT4_E RMT2_E U U U SPI_E SPI_SAFE Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 EX_EEX EX_SPI VREF_CAL U IE_EEX IE_SPI U U EX_XPULSE EX_YPULSE EX_WPULSE EX_VPULSE FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] VREF_DIS PRE_E INT6 IE_XPULSE IE_WPULSE U PERR_RD INT5 IE_YPULSE IE_VPULSE U PERR_WR EX_RTC1M U FLSH_RDE EX_RTC1S U FLSH_WRE SPARE[2:0] INT1 IE_RTC1S U VSTAT[2:0] EX_XFER U R INT2 IE_RTC1M U RCMD[4:0] INT0 IE_XFER PB_STATE CHOPR[1:0] U U U U U RMT6_E TMUXR4[2:0] U PORT_E U U TMUXR6[2:0] TMUXR2[2:0] U U INFO_PG U NVRAM[0] – NVRAM[7F] – Direct Access WAKE_TMR[7:0] STEMP[10:3] U U U BSENSE[7:0] LKPADDR[6:0] LKPDAT[7:0] U U U RTC_FAIL U U RTC_SBSC[7:0] RTC_SEC[5:0] RTC_MIN[5:0] STEMP[2:0] LKPAUTOI U RTC_WR U U U RTC_RD U U U U U U LKP_RD U LKP_WR U © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Addr Bit 7 U U U U Bit 6 U U U U U Bit 5 U U U U U RTC_P[5:0] U U TEMP_PWR WF_RST U LCD_ONLY U TEMP_START U OSC_COMP WF_RSTBIT WF_TMR WAKE_ARM U U Bit 4 U U RTC_YR[7:0] U RTC_P[13:6] RTC_Q[1:0] RTC_TMIN[5:0] RTC_THR[4:0] TBYTE_BUSY TEMP_PER[2:0] WF_ERST WF_BADVDD U U WF_PB WF_DIO4 WF_DIO52 WF_DIO55 U U U U EW_PB EW_DIO4 EW_DIO52 EW_DIO55 U U U U DIO[15:12] DIO[11:8] DIO[7:4] DIO[3:0] U RTC_P[16:14] Bit 3 U Bit 2 RTC_HR[4:0] Bit 1 RTC_DAY[2:0] RTC_DATE[4:0] RTC_MO[3:0] Bit 0 RTC5 2895 RTC6 2896 RTC7 2897 RTC8 2898 RTC9 2899 U RTC10 289B RTC11 289C RTC12 289D U RTC13 289E U RTC14 289F TEMP 28A0 TEMP_BSEL W F1 28B0 WF_CSTART U W F2 28B1 SLEEP MISC 28B2 U W AKE_E 28B3 WD_RST W DRST 28B4 MPU PORTS PORT3 SFR B0 PORT2 SFR A0 PORT1 SFR 90 PORT0 SFR 80 FLASH ERASE SFR 94 FLSHCTL SFR B2 PREBOOT U FL_BANK SFR B6 PGADR SFR B7 I2C EEDATA SFR 9E EECTRL SFR 9F TEMP_BAT WF_OVF WF_RX U EW_RX U DIO_DIR[15:12] DIO_DIR[11:8] DIO_DIR[7:4] DIO_DIR[3:0] FLSH_ERASE[7:0] U U FLSH_PEND U U U FLSH_PGADR[5:0] EEDATA[7:0] EECTRL[7:0] SECURE U FLSH_PSTWR U FLSH_MEEN FLSH_PWE FL_BANK[1:0] U U v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 103 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 5.2 I/O RAM Map – Alphabetical Order Table 71 lists I/O RAM bits and registers in alphabetical order. Bits with a write direction (W in column Dir) are written by the MPU into configuration RAM. Typically, they are initially stored in flash memory and copied to the configuration RAM by the MPU. Some of the more frequently programmed bits are mapped to the MPU SFR memory space. The remaining bits are mapped to the address space 0x2XXX. Bits with R (read) direction can be read by the MPU. Columns labeled Rst and Wk describe the bit values upon reset and wake, respectively. No entry in one of these columns means the bit is either read-only or is powered by the NV supply and is not initialized. Write-only bits return zero when they are read. Locations that are shaded in grey are non-volatile (i.e., battery-backed). T able 71: I/O RAM Map – Alphabetical Order Name ADC_E Location Rst Wk Dir 2704[4] 0 0 R/W Description Enables ADC and VREF. When disabled, reduces bias current. ADC_DIV controls the rate of the ADC and FIR clocks. The ADC_DIV setting determines whether MCK is divided by 4 or 8: 0 = MCK/4 1 = MCK/8 The resulting ADC and FIR clock is as shown below. PLL_FAST = 0 PLL_FAST = 1 MCK 6.291456 MHz 19.660800 MHz ADC_DIV = 0 1.572864 MHz 4.9152 MHz ADC_DIV = 1 0.786432 MHz 2.4576 MHz Connects a 100 µA load to the battery selected by TEMP_BSEL. The result of the battery measurement. See 2.5.7 71M6543 Battery Monitor on page 57. CE enable. CE program location. The starting address for the CE program is 1024*CE_LCTN. (CE_LCTN[6:0], 2109[6:0] for 71M6543G, 71M6543GH) (CE_LCTN[5:0], 2109[5:0] for 71M6543F, 71M6543H) These bytes contain the chip identification as shown below. CHIP_ID[15:8] CHIP_ID[7:0] 71M6543F 0x04 0x10 71M6543H 0x04 0x11 71M6543G 0x05 0x10 71M6543GH 0x05 0x11 ADC_DIV 2200[5] 0 0 R/W BCURR BSENSE[7:0] CE_E CE_LCTN[6:0] 2704[3] 2885[7:0] 2106[0] 2109[6:0] 0 – 0 0 – 0 R/W R R/W 31 31 R/W CHIP_ID[15:8] CHIP_ID[7:0] 2300[7:0] 2301[7:0] 0 0 0 0 R R 104 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name CHOP_E[1:0] Location Rst Wk Dir 2106[3:2] 0 0 R/W Description Chop enable for the reference bandgap circuit. The value of CHOP changes on the rising edge of the internal MUXSYNC signal according to the value in CHOP_E[1:0]: 00 = toggle1 01 = positive 10 = reversed 11 = toggle 1 except at the mux sync edge at the end of an accumulation interval. The CHOP settings for the remote sensor. 00 = Auto chop. Change every MUX frame. 01 = Positive 10 = Negative 11 = Auto chop (same as 00) Enables IADC0-IADC1 differential configuration. Enables IADC2-IADC3 differential configuration. Enables IADC4-IADC5 differential configuration. Enables IADC6-IADC7 differential configuration. Connects PB and dedicated I/O pins DIO2 through DIO11 to internal resources. If more than one input is connected to the same resource, the MULTIPLE column below specifies how they are combined. MULTIPLE DIO_Rx Resource 0 NONE – 1 Reserved OR 2 T0 (Timer0 clock or gate) OR 3 T1 (Timer1 clock or gate) OR 4 IO interrupt (int0) OR 5 IO interrupt (int1) OR Programs the direction of the first 16 DIO pins. 1 indicates output. Ignored if the pin is not configured as I/O. See DIO_PV and DIO_PW f or special option for DIO0 and DIO1 outputs. See DIO_EEX[1:0] f or special option for SEGDIO2 and SEGDIO3. Note that the direction of DIO pins above 15 is set by SEGDIOx[1]. See PORT_E to avoid powerup spikes. The value on the first 16 DIO pins. Pins configured as LCD read zero. When written, changes data on pins configured as outputs. Pins configured as LCD or input ignore writes. Note that the data for DIO pins above 15 is set by SEGDIOx[0] . CHOPR[1:0] 2709[7:6] 00 00 R/W DIFF0_E DIFF2_E DIFF4_E DIFF6_E DIO_R2[2:0] DIO_R3[2:0] DIO_R4[2:0] DIO_R5[2:0] DIO_R6[2:0] DIO_R7[2:0] DIO_R8[2:0] DIO_R9[2:0] DIO_R10[2:0] DIO_R11[2:0] DIO_RPB[2:0] DIO_DIR[15:12] DIO_DIR[11:8] DIO_DIR[7:4] DIO_DIR[3:0] DIO[15:12] DIO[11:8] DIO[7:4] DIO[3:0] 210C[4] 210C[5] 210C[6] 210C[7] 2455[2:0] 2455[6:4] 2454[2:0] 2454[6:4] 2453[2:0] 2453[6:4] 2452[2:0] 2452[6:4] 2451[2:0] 2451[6:4] 2450[2:0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W – R/W SFR B0[7:4] SFR A0[7:4] F SFR 90[7:4] SFR 80[7:4] SFR B0[3:0] SFR A0[3:0] F SFR 90[3:0] SFR 80[3:0] F R/W F R/W v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 105 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Location Rst Wk Dir Description W hen set, converts SEGDIO3 and SEGDIO2 to interface with external EEPROM. SEGDIO2 becomes SDCK and SEGDIO3 becomes bi-directional SDATA, but only if LCD_MAP[2] and LCD_MAP[3] are cleared. DIO_EEX[1:0] Function 00 Disable EEPROM interface 01 2-Wire EEPROM interface 10 3-Wire EEPROM interface 3-Wire EEPROM interface with separate DO (SEGDIO3) and DI 11 (SEGDIO8) pins. Causes VPULSE to be output on SEGDIO1, if LCD_MAP[1]=0. Causes WPULSE to be output on SEGDIO0, if LCD_MAP[0]=0. Causes XPULSE to be output on SEGDIO6 , if LCD_MAP[6]=0. Causes YPULSE to be output on SEGDIO7 , if LCD_MAP[7]=0. Serial EEPROM interface data. Serial EEPROM interface control. Status Name Bit ERROR 7 BUSY 6 5 RX_ACK Read/ Write R R R Reset Polarity Description State 0 Positive 1 when an illegal command is received. 0 Positive 1 when serial data bus is busy. 1 indicates that the EEPROM sent an 1 Positive ACK bit. Element 0 VA(I -IB)/ VA(IA-IB)/2 VA IA DIO_EEX[1:0] 2456[7:6] 0 – R/W DIO_PV DIO_PW DIO_PX DIO_PY EEDATA[7:0] 2457[6] 2457[7] 2458[7] 2458[6] SFR 9E 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W EECTRL[7:0] SFR 9F 0 0 R/W Specifies the power equation. EQU[2:0] 3 EQU[2:0] 2106[7:5] 0 0 R/W 4 5* Description 2 element, 4W, 3φ Del a 2 element, 4W, 3φ W ye 3 element, 4W, 3φ ye Element 1 0 VB(IC-IB)/2 VB IB Element 2 VC IC 0 VC C Recommended MUX Sequence IA VA IB B C VC IA VA IB V I VC IA A IB VB IC V N ote: *The available CE codes implements only equation 5. Contact your local Teridian representative to obtain CE c ode f or equation 3 and 4. 106 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name EX_XFER EX_RTC1S EX_RTC1M EX_RTCT EX_SPI EX_EEX EX_XPULSE EX_YPULSE EX_WPULSE EX_VPULSE EW_DIO4 EW_DIO52 EW_DIO55 EW_PB EW_RX Location Rst Wk Dir 2700[0] 2700[1] 2700[2] 2700[3] 2701[7] 0 0 R/W 2700[7] 2700[6] 2700[5] 2701[6] 2701[5] 28B3[2] 28B3[1] 28B3[0] 28B3[3] 28B3[4] 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Interrupt enable bits. These bits enable the XFER_BUSY, the RTC_1SEC, etc. The bits are set by hardware and cannot be set by writing a 1. The bits are reset by writing 0. Note that if one of these interrupts is to enabled, its corresponding 8051 EX enable bit must also be set. See 2.4.9 Interrupts, for details. FIR_LEN[1:0] 210C[2:1] 0 0 R/W Connects SEGDIO4 to the WAKE logic and permits SEGDIO4 rising to wake the part. This bit has no effect unless DIO4 is configured as a digital input. Connects SEGDIO52 to the WAKE logic and permits SEGDIO52 rising to wake the part. This bit has no effect unless SEGDIO52 is configured as a digital input. Connects SEGDIO55 to the WAKE logic and permits the SEGDIO55 rising edge to awaken the part. This bit has no effect unless SEGDIO55 is configured as a digital input. Connects PB to the WAKE logic and permits the PB rising edge to awaken the part. PB is always configured as an input. Connects RX to the WAKE logic and permits the RX rising edge to awaken the part. See the WAKE description in 3.4 W ake on Timer f or de-bounce issues. Determines the number of ADC cycles in the ADC decimation FIR filter. PLL_FAST = 1: FIR_LEN[1:0] ADC Cycles 00 141 01 288 10 384 PLL_FAST = 0: FIR_LEN[1:0] ADC Cycles 00 135 01 276 10 Not Allowed The ADC LSB size and full-scale values depend on the FIR_LEN[1:0] setting. Refer to Table 83 on page 126 and Table 105 on page 144 f or details. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 107 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Location Rst Wk Dir Description Flash Bank Selection (71M6543G and 71M6543GH only) The program memory of the 71M6543G/GH consists of a fixed lower bank of 32 KB, addressable at 0x0000 to 0x7FFF plus an upper banked area of 32 KB, addressable at 0x8000 to 0xFFFF. The I/O RAM register FL_BANK is used to switch one of four memory banks of 32 KB each into the address range from 0x8000 to 0xFFFF. Note that when FL_BANK = 0, the upper bank is the same as the lower bank. Address Range for Lower Bank Address Range for Upper Bank FL_BANK[1:0] (0x0000-0x7FFF) (0x8000-0xFFFF) 00 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x0000-0x7FFF 01 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x8000-0xFFFF 10 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x10000-0x17FFF 11 0x0000-0x7FFF 0x18000-0x1FFFF Flash Erase Initiate FLSH_ERASE is used to initiate either the Flash Mass Erase cycle or the Flash Page Erase cycle. Specific patterns are expected for FLSH_ERASE in order to initiate the appropriate Erase cycle. (default = 0x00). 0x55 – Initiate Flash Page Erase cycle. Must be proceeded by a write to FLSH_PGADR[5:0] (SFR 0xB7). 0xAA – Initiate Flash Mass Erase cycle. Must be proceeded by a write to FLSH_MEEN (SFR 0xB2) and the debug (CC) port must be enabled. Any other pattern written to FLSH_ERASE has no effect. Mass Erase Enable 0 = Mass Erase disabled (default). 1 = Mass Erase enabled. Must be re-written for each new Mass Erase cycle. Indicates that a posted flash write is pending. If another flash write is attempted, it is ignored. Flash Page Erase Address Flash Page Address (page 0 thru 63) that is erased during the Page Erase cycle. (default = 0x00). Must be re-written for each new Page Erase cycle. Enables posted flash writes. When 1, and if CE_E = 1, flash write requests are stored in a one element deep FIFO and are executed when CE_BUSY falls. FLSH_PEND can be read to determine the status of the FIFO. If FLSH_PSTWR = 0 or if CE_E = 0, flash writes are immediate. FL_BANK[1:0] SFR B6[1:0] 01 01 R/W FLSH_ERASE[7:0] SFR 94[7:0] 0 0 W FLSH_MEEN SFR B2[1] 0 0 W FLSH_PEND SFR B2[3] 0 0 R FLSH_PGADR[5:0] SFR B7[7:2] 0 0 W FLSH_PSTWR SFR B2[2] 0 0 R/W 108 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Location Rst Wk Dir Description Program Write Enable 0 = MOVX commands refer to External RAM Space, normal operation (default). 1 = MOVX @DPTR,A moves A to External Program Space (Flash) @ DPTR. This bit is automatically reset after each byte written to flash. Writes to this bit are inhibited when interrupts are enabled. Indicates that the flash may be read by ICE or SPI slave. FLSH_RDE = (!SECURE) Must be a 2 to enable any f lash modification. See the description of Flash security for more details. Indicates that the flash may be written through ICE or SPI slave ports. Interrupt flags for external interrupts 2 and 6. These flags monitor the source of the int6 and int2 interrupts (external interrupts to the MPU core). These flags are set by hardware and must be cleared by the software interrupt handler. The IEX2 (SFR 0xC0[1]) and IEX6 (SFR 0xC0[5]) interrupt flags are automatically cleared by the MPU core when it vectors to the interrupt handler. IEX2 and IEX6 must be cleared by writing zero to their corresponding bit positions in SFR 0xC0, while writing ones to the other bit positions that are not being cleared. Interrupt inputs. The MPU may read these bits to see the input to external interrupts INT0, INT1, up to INT6. These bits do not have any memory and are primarily intended for debug use. Configures SEG/COM bits as COM. Has no effect on pins whose LCD_MAP bit is zero. Connects the LCD power supply to VBAT in all modes. Identifies which segments connected to SEG23 and SEG22 should blink. 1 means blink. The most significant bit corresponds to COM5, the least significant, to COM0. Sets the LCD clock frequency. Note: f XTAL = 32768 Hz LCD_CLK[1:0] LCD Clock Frequency 9 00 f XTAL/2 01 f XTAL/28 10 f XTAL/27 6 11 f XTAL/2 FLSH_PWE SFR B2[0] 0 0 R/W FLSH_RDE FLSH_UNLOCK[3:0] FLSH_WRE IE_XFER IE_RTC1S IE_RTC1M IE_RTCT IE_SPI IE_EEX IE_XPULSE IE_YPULSE IE_WPULSE IE_VPULSE INTBITS LCD_ALLCOM LCD_BAT LCD_BLNKMAP23[5:0] LCD_BLNKMAP22[5:0] 2702[2] 2702[7:4] 2702[1] SFR E8[0] SFR E8[1] SFR E8[2] SFR E8[3] SFR F8[7] SFR E8[7] SFR E8[6] SFR E8[5] SFR F8[4] SFR F8[3] 2707[6:0] 2400[3] 2402[7] 2401[5:0] 2402[5:0] – 0 – – 0 – R R/W R 0 0 R/W – 0 0 0 – – – – R R/W R/W R/W LCD_CLK[1:0] 2400[1:0] 0 – R/W v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 109 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Location Rst Wk Dir Description The LCD contrast DAC. This DAC controls the VLCD voltage and has an output range of 2.65 V to 5.3 V. The VLCD voltage is VLCD = 2.65 + 2.65 * LCD_DAC[4:0]/31 Thus, the LSB of the DAC is 85.5 mV. The maximum DAC output voltage is limited by V3P3SYS, VBAT, and whether LCD_BSTE = 1. Enables the LCD display. When disabled, VLC2, VLC1, and VLC0 are ground as are the COM and SEG outputs if their LCD_MAP bit is 1. Enables LCD segment driver mode of combined SEGDIO pins. Pins that cannot be configured as outputs (SEG48 through SEG50) become inputs with internal pull ups when their LCD_MAP bit is zero. Also, note that SEG48 through SEG50 are multiplexed with the in-circuit emulator signals. When the ICE_E pin is high, the ICE interface is enabled, and SEG48 through SEG50 become E_RXTX, E_TCLK and E_RST, respectively. Selects the LCD bias and multiplex mode. Output LCD_MODE 000 4 states, 1/3 bias 001 3 states, 1/3 bias 010 2 states, 1/2 bias 011 3 states, 1/2 bias 100 Static display 101 5 states, 1/3 bias 110 6 states, 1/3 bias Turns on or off all LCD segments without changing LCD data. If both bits are set, the LCD display is turned on. Puts the 71M6543 to sleep, but with LCD display still active. Ignored if system power is present. It awakens when the Wake Timer times out, when certain DIO pins are raised, or when system power returns (see 3.2 Battery Modes). Clear all bits of LCD data. These bits affect SEGDIO pins that are configured as LCD drivers. This bit does not auto clear. SEG Data for SEG0 through SEG15. DIO data for these pins is in SFR space. SEG and DIO data for SEGDIO16 through SEGDIO45. If configured as DIO, bit 1 is direction (1 is output, 0 is input), bit 0 is data, and the other bits are ignored. v1.2 LCD_DAC[4:0] 240D[4:0] 0 – R/W LCD_E LCD_MAP[55:48] LCD_MAP[47:40] LCD_MAP[39:32] LCD_MAP[31:24] LCD_MAP[23:16] LCD_MAP[15:8] LCD_MAP[7:0] 2400[7] 2405[7:0] 2406[7:0] 2407[7:0] 2408[7:0] 2409[7:0] 240A[7:0] 240B[7:0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 – – – – – – – – R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W LCD_MODE[2:0] 2400[6:4] 0 – R/W LCD_ON LCD_BLANK LCD_ONLY LCD_RST LCD_SEG0[5:0] to LCD_SEG15[5:0] LCD_SEGDIO16[5:0] to LCD_SEGDIO45[5:0] 110 240C[0] 240C[1] 28B2[6] 240C[2] 0 0 0 0 – – 0 – – R/W R/W W R/W R/W 2410[5:0] to 0 241F[5:0] 2420[5:0] to 0 243D[5:0] – R/W © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name LCD_SEG46[5:0] to LCD_SEG50[5:0] LCD_SEGDIO51[5:0] to LCD_SEGDIO55[5:0] Location Rst Wk Dir 243E[5:0] 0 to 2442[5:0] 2443[5:0] to 0 2447[5:0] – R/W Description SEG data for SEG46 through SEG50. These pins cannot be configured as DIO. SEG and DIO data for SEGDIO51 through SEGDIO55. If configured as DIO, bit 1 is direction (1 is output, 0 is input), bit 0 is data, and the other bits are ignored. Specifies how VLCD is generated. See 2.5.10.3 for the definition of V3P3L. LCD_VMODE Description 11 External VLCD 10 LCD boost and LCD DAC enabled 01 LCD DAC enabled 00 No boost and no DAC. VLCD=V3P3L. LCD Blink Frequency (ignored if blink is disabled). 1 = 1 Hz, 0 = 0.5 Hz The address for reading and writing the RTC lookup RAM. Auto-increment flag. When set, LKPADDR[6:0] auto increments every time LKP_RD or LKP_WR is pulsed. The incremented address can be read at LKPADDR. The data for reading and writing the RTC lookup RAM. Strobe bits for the RTC lookup RAM read and write. When set, the LKPADDR[6:0] and LKPDAT registers is used in a read or write operation. When a strobe is set, it stays set until the operation completes, at which time the strobe is cleared and LKPADDR[6:0] is incremented if LKPAUTOI is set. MPU clock rate is: MPU Rate = MCK Rate * 2-(2+MPU_DIV[2:0]). The maximum value for MPU_DIV[2:0] is 4. Based on the default values of the PLL_FAST bit and MPU_DIV[2:0], the power-up MPU rate is 6.29 MHz / 4 = 1.5725 MHz. The minimum MPU clock rate is 38.4 kHz when PLL_FAST = 1. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 0. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 1. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 2. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 3. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 4. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 5. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 6. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 7. 111 – R/W LCD_VMODE[1:0] 2401[7:6] 00 00 R/W LCD_Y LKPADDR[6:0] LKPAUTOI LKPDAT[7:0] LKP_RD LKP_WR 2400[2] 2887[6:0] 2887[7] 2888[7:0] 2889[1] 2889[0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W MPU_DIV[2:0] 2200[2:0] 0 0 R/W MUX0_SEL[3:0] MUX1_SEL[3:0] MUX2_SEL[3:0] MUX3_SEL[3:0] MUX4_SEL[3:0] MUX5_SEL[3:0] MUX6_SEL[3:0] MUX7_SEL[3:0] v1.2 2105[3:0] 2105[7:4] 2104[3:0] 2104[7:4] 2103[3:0] 2103[7:4] 2102[3:0] 2102[7:4] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W R/W © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name MUX8_SEL[3:0] MUX9_SEL[3:0] MUX10_SEL[3:0] MUX_DIV[3:0] Location Rst Wk 2101[3:0] 0 0 2101[7:4] 0 0 2100[3:0] 0 0 2100[7:4] 0 0 Dir R/W R/W R/W R/W Description Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 8. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 9. Selects which ADC input is to be converted during time slot 10. MUX_DIV[3:0] is the number of ADC time slots in each MUX frame. The maximum number of time slots is 11. Configures the input of the optical port to be a DIO pin to allow it to be bit-banged. In this case, DIO5 becomes a third high speed UART. Refer to 2.5.9 UART and Optical Interface =under the “Bit Banged Optical UART (Third UART)” subheading on page 57. Selects OPT_TX modulation duty cycle OPT_FDC Function 00 50% Low 01 25% Low 10 12.5% Low 11 6.25% Low OPT_RX can be configured as an input to the optical UART or as SEGDIO55. OPT_RXDIS = 0 and LCD_MAP[55] = 0: OPT_RX OPT_RXDIS = 1 and LCD_MAP[55] = 0: DIO55 OPT_RXDIS = 0 and LCD_MAP[55] = 1: SEG55 OPT_RXDIS = 1 and LCD_MAP[55] = 1: SEG55 Inverts result from OPT_RX comparator when 1. Affects only the UART input. Has no effect when OPT_RX is used as a DIO input. Configures the OPT_TX output pin. If LCD_MAP[51] = 0: 00 = DIO51, 01 = OPT_TX, 10 = WPULSE, 11 = VPULSE If LCD_MAP[51] = 1: xx = SEG51 Invert OPT_TX when 1. This inversion occurs before modulation. Enables modulation of OPT_TX. When OPT_TXMOD i s set, OPT_TX is modulated when it would otherwise have been zero. The modulation is applied after any inversion caused by OPT_TXINV. Enables the automatic update of RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q [1:0]every time the temperature is measured. The de-bounced state of the PB pin. The 71M6543 sets these bits to indicate that a parity error on the remote sensor has been detected. Once set, the bits are remembered until they are cleared by the MPU. v1.2 OPT_BB 2457[0] 0 – R/W OPT_FDC[1:0] 2457[5:4] 0 – R/W OPT_RXDIS 2457[2] 0 – R/W OPT_RXINV 2457[1] 0 – R/W OPT_TXE [1,0] 2456[3:2] 00 – R/W OPT_TXINV OPT_TXMOD OSC_COMP PB_STATE PERR_RD PERR_WR 112 2456[0] 2456[1] 28A0[5] SFR F8[0] SFR FC[6] SFR FC[5] 0 0 0 0 0 – – – 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R R/W © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name PLL_OK PLL_FAST Location Rst Wk Dir SFR F9[4] 0 0 R 2200[4] 0 0 R/W Description Indicates that the clock generation PLL is settled. Controls the speed of the PLL and MCK. 1 = 19.66 MHz (XTAL * 600) 0 = 6.29 MHz (XTAL * 192) PLS_MAXWIDTH[7:0] determines the maximum width of the pulse (low-going pulse if PLS_INV=0 or high-going pulse if PLS_INV=1). The maximum pulse width is (2*PLS_MAXWIDTH[7:0] + 1)*TI. Where TI is PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] in units of CK_FIR clock cycles. If PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] = 0 or PLS_MAXWIDTH[7:0] = 255, no pulse width checking is performed and the output pulses have 50% duty cycle. See 2.3.6.2 VPULSE and WPULSE. PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] determines the interval time between pulses. The time between output pulses is PLS_INTERVAL[7:0]*4 in units of CK_FIR clock cycles. If PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] = 0, the FIFO is not used and pulses are output as soon as the CE issues them. PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] is calculated as follows: PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] = Floor ( Mux frame duration in CK_FIR cycles / CE pulse updates per Mux frame / 4 ) PLS_MAXWIDTH[7:0] 210A[7:0] FF FF R/W PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] 210B[7:0] 0 0 R/W For example, since the 71M6543 CE code is written to generate 6 pulses in one integration interval, when the FIFO is enabled (i.e., PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] ≠ 0) and that the frame duration is 1950 CK_FIR clock cycles, PLS_INTERVAL[7:0] should be written with Floor(1950 / 6 / 4) = 81 so that the five pulses are evenly spaced in time over the integration interval and the last pulse is issued just prior to the end of the interval. See 2.3.6.2 VPULSE and WPULSE. Inverts the polarity of WPULSE and VARPULSE. Normally, these pulses are active low. W hen inverted, they become active high. PLS_INV has no effect on XPULSE or YPULSE. Enables outputs from the SEGDIO0-SEGDIO15 pins. PORT_E = 0 blocks the momentary output pulse that occurs when SEGDIO0-SEGDIO15 are reset on power-up. Enables the 8x pre-amplifier. Indicates that pre-boot sequence is active. W hen the MPU writes a non-zero value to RCMD, the 71M6543 issues a command to the appropriate remote sensor. When the command is complete, the 71M6543 clears RCMD. W hen set, writes a one to WF_RSTBIT and then causes a reset. Controls how the 71M6543 drives the power pulse f or the 71M6xxx. When set, the power pulse is driven high and low. When cleared, it is driven high followed by an open circuit fly-back interval. PLS_INV PORT_E PRE_E PREBOOT RCMD[4:0] RESET RFLY_DIS 210C[0] 270C[5] 2704[5] SFRB2[7] 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 R/W R/W R/W R R/W W R/W SFR FC[4:0] 0 2200[3] 210C[3] 0 0 v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 113 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name RMT2_E RMT4_E RMT6_E RMT_RD[15:8] RMT_RD[7:0] RTCA_ADJ[6:0] RTC_FAIL RTC_P[16:14] RTC_P[13:6] RTC_P[5:0] RTC_Q[1:0] RTC_RD RTC_SBSC[7:0] RTC_TMIN[5:0] RTC_THR[4:0] Location Rst Wk Dir 2709[3] 2709[4] 0 0 R/W 2709[5] 2602[7:0] 00 R 2603[7:0] 2504[6:0] 40 – R/W 2890[4] 289B[2:0] 289C[7:0] 289D[7:2] 289D[1:0] 2890[6] 2892[7:0] 289E[5:0] 289F[4:0] 0 4 0 0 0 0 – 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 – – – R/W R/W R/W R/W R R/W R/W Description Enables the remote interface. Response from remote read request. Register for analog RTC frequency adjustment. Indicates that a count error has occurred in the RTC and that the time is not trustworthy. This bit can be cleared by writing a 0. RTC adjust. See 2.5.4 Real-Time Clock (RTC). 0x0FFBF ≤ RTC_P ≤ 0x10040 Note: RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0] f orm a single 19-bit RTC adjustment value. RTC adjust. See 2.5.4 Real-Time Clock (RTC). Note: RTC_P[16:0] and RTC_Q[1:0] f orm a single 19-bit RTC adjustment value. Freezes the RTC shadow register so it is suitable for MPU reads. When RTC_RD is read, it returns the status of the shadow register: 0 = up to date, 1 = frozen. Time remaining since the last 1 second boundary. LSB=1/128 second. The target minutes register. See RTC_THR below. The target hours register. The RTC_T interrupt occurs when RTC_MIN [5:0] becomes equal to RTC_TMIN[5:0] and RTC_HR[4:0] becomes equal to RTC_THR[4:0]. Freezes the RTC shadow register so it is suitable for MPU writes. When RTC_WR is cleared, the contents of the shadow register are written to the RTC counter on the next RTC clock (~1 kHz). When RTC_WR is read, it returns 1 as long as RTC_WR is set. It continues to return one until the RTC counter actually updates. The RTC interface. These are the year, month, day, hour, minute and second parameters for the RTC. The RTC is set by writing to these registers. Year 00 and all others divisible by 4 are defined as a leap year. SEC 00 to 59 MIN 00 to 59 HR 00 to 23 (00=Midnight) DAY 01 to 07 (01=Sunday) DATE 01 to 31 MO 01 to 12 YR 00 to 99 Each write operation to one of these registers must be preceded by a write to 0x20A0. Real Time Monitor enable. When 0, the RTM output is low. RTC_WR 2890[7] 0 0 R/W RTC_SEC[5:0] RTC_MIN[5:0] RTC_HR[4:0] RTC_DAY[2:0] RTC_DATE[4:0] RTC_MO[3:0] RTC_YR[7:0] 2893[5:0] 2894[5:0] 2895[4:0] 2896[2:0] 2897[4:0] 2898[3:0] 2899[7:0] – – – – – – – – – – – – – – R/W RTM_E 2106[1] 0 0 R/W 114 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name RTM0[9:8] RTM0[7:0] RTM1[7:0] RTM2[7:0] RTM3[7:0] SECURE Location Rst Wk Dir 210D[1:0] 0 0 210E[7:0] 0 0 210F[7:0] 0 0 R/W 2110[7:0] 0 0 2111[7:0] 0 0 SFR B2[6] 0 0 R/W Description Four RTM probes. Before each CE code pass, the values of these registers are serially output on the RTM pin. The RTM registers are ignored when RTM_E = 0. Note that RTM0 is 10 bits wide. The others assume the upper two bits are 00. Inhibits erasure of page 0 and flash memory addresses above the beginning of CE code as defined by CE_LCTN[6/5:0]. Also inhibits the reading of flash memory by external devices (SPI or ICE port). Puts the 71M6543 to sleep. Ignored if system power is present. The 71M6543 wakes when the Wake timer times out, when push button is pushed, or when system power returns. SPI command. 8-bit command from the bus master. SPI port enable. Enables the SPI interface on pins SEGDIO36 – SEGDIO39. Requires that LCD_MAP[36-39] = 0. Limits SPI writes to SPI_CMD and a 16 byte region in DRAM. No other writes are permitted. SPI_STAT contains the status results from the previous SPI transaction Bit 7 - 71M6543 ready error: the 71M6543 was not ready to read or write as directed by the previous command. Bit 6 - Read data parity: This bit is the parity of all bytes read from the 71M6543 in the previous command. Does not include the SPI_STAT byte. Bit 5 - Write data parity: This bit is the overall parity of the bytes written to the 71M6543 in the previous command. It includes CMD and ADDR bytes. Bit 4:2 - Bottom 3 bits of the byte count. Does not include ADDR and CMD bytes. One, two, and three byte instructions return 111. Bit 1 - SPI FLASH mode: This bit is zero when the TEST pin is zero. Bit 0 - SPI FLASH mode ready: Used in SPI FLASH mode. Indicates that the flash is ready to receive another write instruction. SLEEP SPI_CMD SPI_E SPI_SAFE 28B2[7] 0 0 – 1 0 W R R/W R/W SFR FD[7:0] – 270C[4] 270C[3] 1 0 SPI_STAT 2708[7:0] 0 0 R STEMP[10:3] STEMP[2:0] SUM_SAMPS[12:8] SUM_SAMPS[7:0] TBYTE_BUSY TEMP_22[10:8] TEMP_22[7:0] v1.2 2881[7:0] 2882[7:5] 2107[4:0] 2108[7:0] 28A0[3] 230A[2:0] 230B[7:0] – – 0 0 0 – – 0 0 – R R R/W R R The result of the temperature measurement. The number of multiplexer cycles (frames) per XFER_BUSY interrupt. Maximum value is 8191 cycles. Indicates that hardware is still writing the 0x28A0 byte. Additional writes to this byte are locked out while it is one. Write duration could be as long as 6 ms. Storage location for STEMP[10:0] at 22C. STEMP[10:0] is an 11 bit word. 115 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name TEMP_BAT TEMP_BSEL Location Rst Wk Dir 28A0[4] 0 – R/W 28A0[7] 0 – R/W Description Causes VBAT to be measured whenever a temperature measurement is performed. Selects which battery is monitored by the temperature sensor: 1 = VBAT, 0 = VBAT_RTC Sets the period between temperature measurements. Automatic measurements can be enabled in any mode (MSN, BRN, LCD, or SLP). TEMP_PER = 0 disables automatic temperature updates, in which case TEMP_START may be used by the MPU to initiate a one-shot temperature measurement. TEMP_PER 0 1-6 7 TEMP_PWR 28A0[6] 0 – R/W Time (seconds) No temperature updates 2 (3 + TEMP _ PER ) Continuous updates TEMP_PER[2:0] 28A0[2:0] 0 – R/W TEMP_START TMUX[5:0] TMUX2[4:0] TMUXR2[2:0] TMUXR4[2:0] TMUXR6[2:0] 28B4[6] 0 0 R/W 2502[5:0] – – R/W 2503[4:0] – – R/W 270A[2:0] 270A[6:4] 000 000 R/W 2709[2:0] Selects the power source for the temp sensor: 1 = V3P3D, 0 = VBAT_RTC. This bit is ignored in SLP and LCD modes, where the temp sensor is always powered by VBAT_RTC. W hen TEMP_PER = 0 automatic temperature measurements are disabled, and TEMP_START may be set by the MPU to initiate a one-shot temperature measurement. TEMP_START i s ignored in SLP and LCD modes. Hardware clears TEMP_START when the temperature measurement is complete. Selects one of 32 signals for TMUXOUT. See 2.5.14 for details. Selects one of 32 signals for TMUX2OUT. See 2.5.14 f or details. The TMUX setting for the remote isolated sensors (71M6xx3). The silicon version index. This word may be read by firmware to determine the silicon version. 71M6543G/GH VERSION[7:0] 71M6543F/H Silicon Version Silicon Version 0001 0001 A01 A01 0001 0011 A03 N/A 0001 0011 B01 N/A 0010 0010 B02 N/A Brings the ADC reference voltage out to the VREF pin. This feature is disabled when VREF_DIS=1. Disables the internal ADC v oltage reference. v1.2 VERSION[7:0] 2706[7:0] – – R VREF_CAL VREF_DIS 116 2704[7] 2704[6] 0 0 0 1 R/W R/W © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Name Location Rst Wk Dir Description This word describes the source of power and the status of the VDD. VSTAT[2:0] 000 001 VSTAT[2:0] SFR F9[2:0] – – R 010 011 101 Description System Power OK. V3P3A>3.0v. Analog modules are functional and accurate. [V3AOK,V3OK]=11 System Power Low. 2.8v2.0. Flash writes are inhibited. If the TRIMVDD[5] fuse is blown, PLL_FAST is cleared. [V3AOK,V3OK]=00, [VDDOK,VDDgt2]=01 Battery power and VDD 0: ������������������������ = ������������������������ = 0.325 ∙ ������������������������������ + 0.00218 ∙ ������������������������������������2 − 0.609 ∙ ������������������������������������ + 64.4 63 ∙ ������������������������������ + 0.00218 ∙ ������������������������������������ 2 − 0.609 ∙ ������������������������������������ + 64.4 ������������������������ _85 Temperature Error (71M6543) (see note 1) VBAT_RTC charge per measurement TA = 22⁰C -2 2 °C µC TEMP_BSEL = 0, TEMP_PWR=0, SLP Mode, VBAT_RTC = 3.6 V 16 Duration of temperature measurement after setting TEMP_START (see note 1) Notes: 1. Guaranteed by design; not production tested. 2. For the 71M6543F and 71M6543G, TEMP_85 f uses read 0. 3. For the 71M6543H and 71M6543GH, TEMP_85 f uses ≠ 0. 4. The coefficients provided in these equations are typical. 15 60 ms v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 137 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.4.5 Supply Current The supply currents provided in Table 95 below include only the current consumed by the 71M6543. Refer to the 71M6xxx Data Sheet for additional current required when using a 71M6x03 remote sensor. T able 95: Supply Current Performance Specifications Parameter Condition Polyphase: 4 Currents, 3 Voltages V3P3A = V3P3SYS = 3.3 V, MPU_DIV [2:0] = 3 (614 kHz MPU clock), No Flash memory write, RTM_E=0, PRE_E=0, CE_E=1, ADC_E=1, ADC_DIV=0, MUX_DIV[3:0] =7, FIR_LEN[1:0] =1, PLL_FAST=1 S ame as I1, except ADC_DIV=1, FIR_LEN=0 Device 71M6543F/H Min Typ 7.2 Max 8.5 mA 71M6543G/GH 71M6543F/H 71M6543G/GH 71M6543F/H Same as I1, except PLL_FAST=0 71M6543G/GH 71M6543F/H Same as I1, except PRE_E=1 71M6543G/GH 71M6543F/H S ame as I1, except PRE_E=1, ADC_DIV=1, FIR_LEN=0. 71M6543G/GH 71M6543F/H S ame as I1, except PRE_E=1, PLL_FAST=0. 71M6543G/GH Same as I1, except with variation of MPU_DIV[2:0] . 71M6543F/H 3.1 0.4 3.9 0.6 mA/ MHz 71M6543G/GH 0.5 0.65 6.9 3.0 7.9 3.9 mA 7.7 6.5 9.1 7.5 mA 3.0 7.3 3.9 8.7 mA 7.5 6.4 6.7 2.9 8.8 7.3 mA 7.7 3.8 mA Unit I1: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, Normal Operation I1a: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, ADC Half Rate (ADC_DIV=1) I1b: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, Normal Operation PLL_FAST=0 I1c: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, Normal Operation PRE_E=1 I1d: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, Normal Operation PRE_E=1, ADC_DIV=1, FIR_LEN=0. (see note 1) I1e: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, Normal Operation PLL_FAST=0, PRE_E=1. (see note 1) I2: V3P3A + V3P3SYS dynamic current VBAT current I3: MSN Mode I4: BRN Mode I5: LCD Mode (ext. VLCD) I6: LCD Mode (boost, DAC) I7: LCD Mode (DAC) I8: LCD Mode (VBAT) I9: S LP Mode VBAT_RTC current I10: MSN I11: BRN I12: LCD Mode I13: SLP Mode I14: SLP Mode (see note 1) I15: V3P3A + V3P3SYS current, W rite Flash with ICE Notes: 1. 2. I MPU_DIV = 0 - I MPU_DIV = 3 4.3 CE_E=0 LCD_VMODE[1:0] =3, also see note 3 LCD_VMODE[1:0] =2, also see notes 1, 2 LCD_VMODE[1:0] =1, also see notes 1, 2 LCD_VMODE[1:0] =0, also see notes 1, 2 SLP Mode 71M6543 71M6543F/H 71M6543G/GH 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543F/G 71M6543G/GH 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543 71M6543F/G 71M6543G/GH -300 0 2.4 2.6 0.4 24 3.0 1.1 0 0 240 260 1.8 0.7 1.5 7.1 7.3 300 3.2 3.5 108 36 11 3.4 +300 300 410 420 4.1 1.7 3.2 8.7 -300 -300 nA mA mA nA µA µA µA nA nA nA nA µA µA µA mA LCD_VMODE[1:0] =2, also see note 3 TA ≤ 25 °C TA = 85 °C S ame as I1, except write Flash at maximum rate, CE_E=0, ADC_E=0. 8.7 3. Guaranteed by design; not production tested. LCD_DAC[4:0]=5 (2.9V), LCD_CLK[1:0]=2, LCD_MODE[2:0]=6, all LCD_MAPn bits = 0. LCD_DAC[4:0]=5 (2.9V), LCD_CLK[1:0]=2, LCD_MODE[2:0]=6, LCD_BLANK=0, LCD_ON=1, all LCD_MAPn bits = 1 and VLCD pin = 3.3V. 138 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.4.6 V3P3D Switch T able 96: V3P3D Switch Performance Specifications Condition | IV3P3D | ≤ 1 mA | IV3P3D | ≤ 1 mA, VBAT>2.5V V3P3SYS = 3V V3P3D = 2.9V VBAT = 2.6V V3P3D = 2.5V Min Typ Max 10 10 10 10 Unit Ω Ω mA mA Parameter On resistance – V3P3SYS to V3P3D On resistance – VBAT to V3P3D V3P3D IOH, MSN V3P3D IOH, BRN 6.4.7 Internal Power Fault Comparators T able 97: Internal Power Fault Comparators Performance Specifications Condition 100mV overdrive, falling 100mV overdrive, rising V3P3 falling Min 20 Typ Max 200 200 2.93 2.81 136 2.25 2.00 0.35 0.25 3.03 2.87 220 2.5 2.20 0.45 0.35 Unit µs µs V V mV V V V V Parameter Overall response time Falling Threshold 3.0 V Comparator 2.8 V Comparator Difference 3.0V and 2.8V Comparators Falling Threshold 2.25 V Comparator 2.0 V Comparator VDD (@VBAT=3.0V) – 2.25V Comparator Difference 2.25V and 2.0V Comparators Hysteresis, (Rising Threshold - Falling Threshold) 3.0 V Comparator 2.8 V Comparator 2.25 V Comparator 2.0 V Comparator 2.83 2.75 50 2.2 1.90 0.25 0.15 VDD falling TA = 22 °C 22 25 10 10 45 42 33 28 65 60 60 60 mV mV mV mV 6.4.8 2.5 V Voltage Regulator – System Power T able 98: 2.5 V Voltage Regulator Performance Specifications Condition V3P3 = 3.0 V - 3.8 V ILOAD = 0 mA V3P3 = 3.3 V ILOAD = 0 mA to 5 mA ILOAD = 5 mA, Reduce V3P3D until V2P5 drops 200 mV Min 2.55 Typ 2.65 Max 2.75 40 440 Unit V mV mV Parameter V2P5 V2P5 load regulation Voltage overhead V3P3SYS-V2P5 v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 139 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.4.9 2.5 V Voltage Regulator – Battery Power T able 99: Low-Power Voltage Regulator Performance Specifications Condition VBAT = 3.0 V - 3.8 V, V3P3 = 0 V, ILOAD = 0 mA VBAT = 3.3 V, V3P3 = 0 V, ILOAD = 0 mA to 1 mA ILOAD = 0ma, VBAT = 2.0 V, V3P3 = 0 V. Min 2.55 Typ 2.65 Max 2.75 40 200 Unit V mV mV Parameter V2P5 V2P5 load regulation Voltage Overhead 2V − VBAT-VDD 6.4.10 Crystal Oscillator T able 100: Crystal Oscillator Performance Specifications Parameter Maximum Output Power to Crystal XIN to XOUT Capacitance (see note 1) Capacitance change on XOUT Condition Crystal connected, see note 1 Min Typ Max 1 3 RTC_ADJ = 7F to 0, Bias voltage = unbiased Vpp = 0.1 V 15 Unit μW pF pF Note: 1. Guaranteed by design; not production tested. 6.4.11 Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) T able 101: PLL Performance Specifications PARAMETER PLL Power-up Settling Time PLL_FAST settling time PLL_FAST rise PLL_FAST fall PLL SLP to MSN Settling Time CONDITION PLL_FAST =0, V3P3 = 0 to 3.3 V step Measured from first edge of MCK (TMUX2OUT pin) V3P3=0, VBAT=3.8 to 2.0 V MIN TYP 3 MAX UNIT ms PLL_FAST =0 3 3 3 ms ms ms 6.4.12 LCD Drivers T able 102: LCD Drivers Performance Specifications PARAMETER VLCD Current CONDITION VLCD=3.3, all LCD map bits=0 VLCD=5.0, all LCD map bits=0 MIN TYP MAX 2 3 UNIT uA uA Note: 1. These specifications apply to all COM and SEG pins. 1. LCD_VMODE=3, LCD_ON=1, LCD_BLANK=0, LCD_MODE=6, LCD_CLK=2. 2. Output load is 74 pF per SEG and COM pin. 6.4.13 VLCD Generator T able 103: VLCD Generator Specifications 140 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Parameter VSYS to VLCD switch impedance Condition V3P3 = 3.3 V, RVLCD=removed, LCD_BAT=0, LCD_VMODE[1:0] =0, ∆ILCD=10 µA V3P3 = 0 V, VBAT = 2.5 V, RVLCD =removed, LCD_BAT =1, LCD_VMODE[1:0] =0, ∆ILCD=10 µA LCD_VMODE[1:0] = 2, RVLCD = removed, CVLCD = removed PLL_FAST=1 PLL_FAST=0 LCD_VMODE[1:0] = 2, LCD_CLK[1:0] = 2, RVLCD = removed, V3P3 = 3.3V, LCD_DAC[4:0] = 1F Min Typ Max 750 Unit Ω VBAT to VLCD switch impedance 700 Ω LCD Boost Frequency 820 786 kHz kHz VLCD IOH current (VLCD(0)-VLCD(IOH) Side View Figure 42: 100-pin LQFP Package Outline 148 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.7 71M6543 Pinout 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 SPI_CKI/SEGDIO39 SEGDIO40 SEGDIO41 SEGDIO42 SEGDIO43 SEGDIO44 SEGDIO45 TMUX2OUT/SEG46 TMUXOUT/SEG47 RESET PB VLCD VREF IADC0 IADC1 V3P3A VADC8 VADC9 VADC10 TEST GNDA NC NC NC XOUT SPI_DI/SEGDIO38 SPI_DO/SEGDIO37 SPI_CSZ/SEGDIO36 SEGDIO35 SEGDIO34 SEGDIO33 SEGDIO32 SEGDIO31 SEGDIO30 SEGDIO29 SEGDIO28 COM0 COM1 COM2 COM3 SEGDIO27/COM4 SEGDIO26/COM5 SEGDIO25 SEGDIO24 SEGDIO23 SEGDIO22 SEGDIO21 SEGDIO20 SEGDIO19 SEGDIO18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Teridian 71M6543F 71M6543H 71M6543G 71M6543GH 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 XIN NC NC GNDA VBAT_RTC VBAT V3P3SYS IADC2 IADC3 IADC4 IADC5 IADC6 IADC7 GNDD V3P3D VDD ICE_E E_RXTX/SEG48 E_TCLK/SEG49 E_RST/SEG50 RX TX OPT_TX/SEGDIO51 SEGDIO52 SEGDIO53 v1.2 NC SEGDIO17 SEGDIO16 SEGDIO15 SEGDIO14 SEGDIO13 SEGDIO12 SEGDIO11 SEGDIO10 SEGDIO9 SEGDIO8/DI SEGDIO7/YPULSE SEGDIO6/XPULSE SEGDIO5 NC SEGDIO4 SEGDIO3/SDATA SEGDIO2/SDCK SEGDIO1/VPULSE SEGDIO0/WPULSE OPT_RX/SEGDIO55 SEGDIO54 NC NC NC 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Figure 43: Pinout for the LQFP-100 Package © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 149 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.8 6.8.1 71M6543 Pin Descriptions 71M6543 Power and Ground Pins Pin types: P = Power, O = Output, I = Input, I/O = Input/Output. The circuit number denotes the equivalent circuit, as specified under Section 6.8.4 I/O Equivalent Circuits. T able 112: 71M6543 Power and Ground Pins Pin 72, 80 62 85 69 Name GNDA GNDD V3P3A V3P3SYS Type P P P P Circuit — — — — Function Analog Ground. This pin should be connected directly to the ground plane. Digital Ground. This pin should be connected directly to the ground plane. Analog Power Supply. A 3.3 V power supply should be connected to this pin. V3P3A must be the same voltage as V3P3SYS. System 3.3 V Supply. This pin should be connected to a 3.3 V power supply. Auxiliary Voltage Output of the Chip. In mission mode, this pin is connected to V3P3SYS by the internal selection switch. In BRN mode, it is internally connected to VBAT. V3P3D is floating in LCD and sleep mode. A bypass capacitor to ground should not exceed 0.1 µF. Output of the 2.5 V Regulator. This pin is powered in MSN and BRN modes. A 0.1 µF bypass capacitor to ground should be connected to this pin. Output of the LCD DAC. A 0.1 µF bypass capacitor to ground should be connected to this pin. Battery Backup Pin to Support the Battery Modes (BRN, LCD). A battery or super capacitor is to be connected between VBAT and GNDD. If no battery is used, connect VBAT to V3P3SYS. RTC and Oscillator Power Supply. A battery or super-capacitor is to be connected between VBAT and GNDD. If no battery is used, connect VBAT_RTC to V3P3SYS. 61 V3P3D O 13 60 89 70 VDD VLCD VBAT O O P — — 12 71 VBAT_RTC P 12 150 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.8.2 71M6543 Analog Pins Pin types: P = Power, O = Output, I = Input, I/O = Input/Output. The circuit number denotes the equivalent circuit, as specified in Section 6.8.4. Table 113: 71M6543 Analog Pins Pin 87 86 Name IADC0 IADC1 Type Circuit Function Differential or Single-Ended Analog Line Current Sense Inputs. These pins are voltage inputs to the internal A/D converter. Typically, they are connected to the outputs of current sensors. Unused pins must be connected to V3P3A. When configured as differential inputs (i.e., by setting the DIFFx_E control bits, where x = 0, 2, 4, 6) pins are paired to form differential inputs pairs: IADC0-IADC1, IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5, and IADC6-IADC7. IADC2-IADC3, IADC4-IADC5, and IADC6-IADC7 can be configured for communication with the 71M6xx3 remote isolated sensor interface (i.e., by setting the RMTx_E control bits, where x = 2, 4, 6). When configured as remote sensor interfaces, these pins form balanced digital pairs for bidirectional digital communications with a 71M6xx3 remote isolated sensor. Line Voltage Sense Inputs. These pins are voltage inputs to the internal A/D converter. Typically, they are connected to the outputs of resistor dividers. Unused pins must be connected to V3P3A. Voltage Reference for the ADC. This pin should be left unconnected (floating). Crystal Inputs. A 32 kHz crystal should be connected across these pins. Typically, a 15 pF capacitor is also connected from XIN to GNDA and a 10 pF capacitor is connected from XOUT to GNDA. It is important to minimize the capacitance between these pins. See the crystal manufacturer data sheet for details. If an external clock is used, a 150 mV (p-p) clock signal should be applied to XIN, and XOUT should be left unconnected. 68 67 IADC2 IADC3 I 6 66 65 IADC4 IADC5 64 63 84 83 82 88 IADC6 IADC7 VADC8 (VA) VADC9 (VB) VADC10 (VC) VREF O 9 I 6 75 XIN I 8 76 XOUT O v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 151 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.8.3 71M6543 Digital Pins Pin types: P = Power, O = Output, I = Input, I/O = Input/Output, N/C = no connect. The circuit number denotes the equivalent circuit, as specified in Section 6.8.4. T able 114: 71M6543 Digital Pins Pin 12–15 45 44 43 42 41 39 38 37 36 35–27 25–18 11–4 99–94 52 51 47 17 16 3 2 1 100 53 46 58 56 57 59 92 93 Name COM0–COM3 SEGDIO0/WPULSE SEGDIO1/VPULSE SEGDIO2/SDCK SEGDIO3/SDATA SEGDIO4 SEGDIO5 SEGDIO6/XPULSE SEGDIO7/YPULSE SEGDIO8/DI SEGDIO[9:17] SEGDIO[18:25] SEGDIO[28:35] SEGDIO[40:45] SEGDIO52 SEGDIO53 SEGDIO54 SEGDIO26/COM5 SEGDIO27/COM4 SPI_CSZ/SEGDIO36 SPI_DO/SEGDIO37 SPI_DI/SEGDIO38 SPI_CKI/SEGDIO39 OPT_TX/SEGDIO51 OPT_RX/SEGDIO55 E_RXTX/SEG48 E_RST/SEG50 E_TCLK/SEG49 ICE_E TMUXOUT/SEG47 TMUX2OUT/SEG46 I/O I/O O I 3, 4, 5 1, 4, 5 4, 5 2 Multiple-Use Pins, configurable as either LCD segment driver or DIO with alternative function (optical port/UART1) Multiuse Pins. Configurable as either emulator port pins (when ICE_E pulled high) or LCD segment drivers (when ICE_E tied to GND). ICE Enable. W hen zero, E_RST, E_TCLK, and E_RXTX become SEG50, SEG49, and SEG48 respectively. For production units, this pin should be pulled to GND to disable the emulator port. Multiple-Use Pins. Configurable as either multiplexer/clock output or LCD segment driver using the I/O RAM registers. I/O 3, 4, 5 Multiple-Use Pins. Configurable as either LCD segment driver or DIO with alternative function (SPI interface). I/O 3, 4, 5 Multiple-Use Pins. Configurable as either LCD segment driver or DIO with alternative function (LCD common drivers). Unused pins must be configured as outputs or terminated to V3P3/GNDD. I/O 3, 4, 5 Multiple-Use Pins. Configurable as either LCD segment driver or DIO. Alternative functions with proper selection of associated I/O RAM registers are: SEGDIO0 = WPULSE (45) SEGDIO1 = VPULSE (44) SEGDIO2 = SDCK (43) SEGDIO3 = SDATA (42) SEGDIO6 = XPULSE (38) SEGDIO7 = YPULSE (37) SEGDIO8 = DI (36) Type O Circuit 5 Function LCD Common Outputs. These f our pins provide the select signals for the LCD display. O 4, 5 152 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Pin Name Type Circuit Function Chip Reset. This input pin is used to reset the chip into a known state. For normal operation, this pin is pulled low. To reset the chip, this pin should be pulled high. This pin has an internal 30 μA (nominal) current source pulldown. No external reset circuitry is necessary. UART0 Input. If this pin is unused it must be terminated to V3P3D or GNDD. UART0 Output Enables Production Test. This pin must be grounded in normal operation. Pushbutton Input. This pin must be at GNDD when not active or unused. A rising edge sets the WF_PB flag. It also causes the part to wake up if it is in SLP or LCD mode. PB does not have an internal pullup or pulldown resistor. 91 RESET I 2 55 54 81 RX TX TEST I O I 3 4 7 90 26, 40, 48, 49, 50, 73, 74, 77, 78, 79 PB I 3 NC N/C — No Connection. Do not connect this pin. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 153 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 6.8.4 I/O Equivalent Circuits V3P3D V3P3D 110K LCD SEG Output Pin GNDD GNDD LCD Output Equivalent Circuit Type 5: LCD SEG or pin configured as LCD SEG V3P3A V3P3D VREF Equivalent Circuit Type 9: VREF from internal reference GNDA VREF Pin V3P3A Digital Input Pin CMOS Input LCD Driver Digital Input Equivalent Circuit Type 1: Standard Digital Input or pin configured as DIO Input with Internal Pull-Up V3P3D Digital Input Pin 110K GNDD GNDD CMOS Input Analog Input Pin GNDA To MUX from internal reference V2P5 Pin GNDD V2P5 Equivalent Circuit Type 10: V2P5 Analog Input Equivalent Circuit Type 6: ADC Input V3P3A Digital Input Type 2: Pin configured as DIO Input with Internal Pull-Down V3P3D Comparator Input Pin To Comparator GNDA VLCD Pin GNDD LCD Drivers Digital Input Pin GNDD CMOS Input Comparator Input Equivalent Circuit Type 7: Comparator Input VLCD Equivalent Circuit Type 11: VLCD Power Digital Input Type 3: Standard Digital Input or pin configured as DIO Input Oscillator Pin GNDD To Oscillator VBAT Pin Power Down Circuits GNDD V3P3D V3P3D Oscillator Equivalent Circuit Type 8: Oscillator I/O 10 CMOS Output Digital Output Pin GNDD GNDD Digital Output Equivalent Circuit Type 4: Standard Digital Output or pin configured as DIO Output from VBAT V3P3D Equivalent Circuit Type 13: V3P3D from V3P3SYS V3P3D Pin 40 VBAT Equivalent Circuit Type 12: VBAT Power Figure 44: I/O Equivalent Circuits 154 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet 7 7.1 Ordering Information 71M6543 Ordering Guide T able 115. 71M6543 Ordering Guide Part 71M6543F Part Description (Package, Accuracy) Flash Size (KB) Packaging Order Number Package Marking 71M6543F-IGT 71M6543F-IGT 71M6543H-IGT 71M6543H-IGT 71M6543G-IGT 71M6543G-IGT 71M6543GH-IGT 71M6543GH-IGT Refer to the 71M6xxx data sheet for the 71M6xx3 ordering guide information. 100-pin LQFP 64 bulk 71M6543F-IGT/F Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.5% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543F tape and reel 71M6543F-IGTR/F 64 Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.5% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543H* 64 bulk 71M6543H-IGT/F Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.1% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543H* tape and reel 71M6543H-IGTR/F 64 Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.1% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543G 128 bulk 71M6543G-IGT/F Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.5% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543G 128 tape and reel 71M6543G-IGTR/F Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.5% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543GH* 128 bulk 71M6543GH-IGT/F Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.1% 100-pin LQFP 71M6543GH* 128 tape and reel 71M6543GH-IGTR/F Lead(Pb)-Free, 0.1% See 4.5.1 Distinction Between Standard and High-Precision Parts (page 89). *Future product—contact factory for availability. 8 R elated Information The following documents related to the 71M6543 and 71M6xx3 are available from Teridian Semiconductor Corporation: • • • • 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet (this document) 71M6xxx Data Sheet 71M654x Software User’s Guide (SUG) 71M6543 Demo Board User’s Manual (DBUM) 9 C ontact Information For technical support or more information about Maxim products, contact technical support at www.maxim-ic.com/support. v1.2 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation 155 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Appendix A: Acronyms AFE AMR ANSI CE DIO DSP FIR I2C ICE IEC MPU PLL RMS SFR SoC SPI TOU UART Analog Front-End Automatic Meter Reading American National Standards Institute Compute Engine Digital I /O Digital Signal Processor Finite Impulse Response Inter-IC Bus In-Circuit Emulator International Electrotechnical Commission Microprocessor Unit (CPU) Phase-Locked Loop Root Mean Square Special Function Register System-on-Chip Serial Peripheral Interface Time of Use Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter 156 © 2008–2011 Teridian Semiconductor Corporation v1.2 71M6543F/H and 71M6543G/GH Data Sheet Appendix B: Revision History REVISION NUMBER 1.0 1.1 1.2 REVISION DATE 1/11 3/11 4/11 DESCRIPTION Initial release Added the 71M6543G, 71M6543GH Removed the 17mW typ consumption at 3.3V for sleep mode from the Features section PAGES CHANGED — All 1 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. M a x i m I n t e g r a t e d P r o d u c t s , 1 2 0 S a n G a b r i e l D r iv e , S u n n y v a le , C A 9 4 0 8 6 4 0 8- 7 3 7 - 7 6 0 0  2011 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products.