MAX9918

19-5015; Rev 3; 6/11 KIT ATION EVALU BLE AVAILA -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers General Description Features o -20V to +75V Input Common-Mode Voltage Range o 400µV (max) Input Offset Voltage o 0.6% (max) Gain Accuracy Error o Uni- or Bidirectional Current Sensing o Reference Input for Bidirectional OUT o 120kHz, -3dB Bandwidth (MAX9919N) o Single-Supply Operation (4.5V to 5.5V) o 1mA Supply Current o 0.5µA (typ) Shutdown Current o Rail-to-Rail Output o -40°C to +125°C Automotive Temperature Range MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 are single-supply, high-accuracy current-sense amplifiers with a high input common-mode range that extends from -20V to +75V. These amplifiers are well suited for current monitoring of inductive loads such as motors and solenoids, where common-mode voltages can become negative due to inductive kickback, reverse-battery conditions, or transient events. The MAX9918/MAX9920 feature adjustable gain set by an external resistive-divider network. The MAX9919 features fixed gains of 45V/V (MAX9919F) and 90V/V (MAX9919N). The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 operate as unidirectional amplifiers when VREFIN = GND and as bidirectional amplifiers when VREFIN = VCC/2. The MAX9920 attenuates the input signal by a factor of 4 at the input level-shifting stage allowing the device to sense voltages up to 200mV (unidirectional operation) or ±100mV (bidirectional operation). The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 operate with a single 5V supply voltage, are fully specified over the -40°C to +125°C automotive temperature range, and are available in an 8-pin SOIC package. Ordering Information/ Selector Guide PART MAX9918ASA+ MAX9918ASA/V+ MAX9919FASA+ MAX9919NASA+ MAX9920ASA+ VSENSE (mV) ±50 ±50 ±50 ±50 ±200 GAIN (V/V) Adjustable Adjustable 45 90 Adjustable PIN-PACKAGE 8 SOIC-EP* 8 SOIC-EP* 8 SOIC-EP* 8 SOIC-EP* 8 SOIC-EP* Applications H-Bridge Motor Current Sensing Solenoid Current Sensing Current Monitoring of Inductive Loads High- and Low-Side Precision Current Sensing 4x4 Transmission Control Electronic Throttle Control Super-Capacitor Charge/Discharge Monitoring in Hybrid Cars Precision High-Voltage Current Monitoring Note: All devices operate over the -40°C to +125°C temperature range. +Denotes a lead(Pb)-free/RoHS-compliant package. /V denotes an automotive qualified part. *EP = Exposed pad. Typical Operating Circuit VBATT VCC VCC φ1A RSENSE M φ2B MAX9918 MAX9920 A OUT R2 ADC RS+ INPUT STAGE LEVEL SHIFTER FB R1 REFIN ADJUSTABLE GAIN SHDN GND GND REF μC RSφ2B φ1B ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS VCC to GND ..............................................................-0.3V to +6V RS+, RS- to GND (VCC = 5V) ..................................-30V to +80V RS+, RS- to GND (VCC = 0V) .............-15V to +80V (15 minutes) Differential Input Voltage (VRS+ - VRS-) (MAX9918/MAX9919).................................±15V (Continuous) Differential Input Voltage (VRS+ - VRS-) (MAX9920) .............................±5V (Continuous) REFIN, FB, OUT to GND.............................-0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) SHDN to GND.........................................................-0.3V to +20V **As per JEDEC51 Standard (multilayer board). Output Short Circuit to VCC or GND...........................Continuous Continuous Current into Any Pin (Not to exceed package power dissipation) ................±20mA Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 8-Pin SOIC-EP (derate 24.4mW/°C above +70°C) .1951.2mW** Junction Temperature ......................................................+150°C Storage Temperature Range .............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) .................................+300°C Soldering Temperature (reflow) .......................................+260°C PACKAGE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 1) SOIC-EP Junction-to-Ambient Thermal Resistance (θJA) ...........41°C/W Note 1: Package thermal resistances were obtained using the method described in JEDEC specification JESD51-7, using a fourlayer board. For detailed information on package thermal considerations, refer to www.maxim-ic.com/thermal-tutorial. Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918, AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VREFIN = 0V MAX9918 VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VREFIN = 0V Input Offset Voltage (Note 2) VOS MAX9919_ VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VREFIN = 0V MAX9920 VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C ±0.10 ±0.48 ±0.11 ±0.18 ±0.08 MIN TYP ±0.14 MAX ±0.4 ±0.7 ±0.4 ±1.3 ±0.4 ±0.9 ±0.4 ±1.0 ±1.2 ±3.0 ±0.9 ±3.5 mV UNITS 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918, AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETERS SYMBOL MAX9918 Input Offset Voltage Drift (Note 3) VOSD MAX9919_ MAX9920 Common-Mode Range Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (Note 3) VCM CONDITIONS VRS+ = VRS- = +14V VRS+ = VRS- = -2V VRS+ = VRS- = +14V VRS+ = VRS- = -2V VRS+ = VRS- = +14V VRS+ = VRS- = -2V -20 80 96 72 86 ±175 ±250 0 -20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V, VSHDN = VCC = 5V VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, +75V, VCC = 0V MAX9918, MAX9919_ Input Resistance MAX9920 Full-Scale Sense Voltage (Note 4) VSENSE Inferred from gain error test MAX9918, MAX9920 Gain (Notes 2, 4) G MAX9919F MAX9919N Minimum Adjustable Gain GADJ MAX9918 MAX9920 Common mode Differential Common mode Differential MAX9918, MAX9919_ MAX9920 300 715 330 224 50 200 Adj 45 90 30 7.5 V/V V/V ±8 ±30 ±30 μA μA μA μA kΩ Ω kΩ Ω mV dB -2V ≤ VCM ≤ +14V -20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V -2V ≤ VCM ≤ +14V -20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C MIN TYP ±1.2 ±3.3 ±1.8 ±1.8 ±2.4 ±8.8 +75 V μV/°C MAX UNITS MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Inferred from CMRR tests MAX9918, MAX9919 CMRR MAX9920 Input Bias Current Input Offset Current Input Leakage Current in Shutdown Input Leakage Current IRS+, IRS(IRS+ - IRS-) -20V ≤ VCM ≤ +75V _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918, AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER SYMBOL CONDITIONS TA = +25°C, VREFIN = 0V TA = -40°C to +125°C, VREFIN = 0V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C ±0.13 ±0.02 MIN TYP ±0.08 MAX ±0.6 UNITS VRS+ = VRS- = +14V MAX9918 VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V ±1.2 ±0.6 ±1.0 ±0.45 ±1.2 ±0.10 ±0.45 ±0.9 ±0.16 ±0.6 ±1.2 ±0.11 ±0.6 ±1.0 ±0.29 ±1.0 ±1.7 ±0.24 ±1.0 ±1.7 5 15 10 mV 40 10 mV 40 mA Ω VCC 1.9 V VCC 2.4 nA % MAX9919F Gain Error (Note 2) GE VRS+ = VRS- = TA = +25°C +14V, VREFIN = TA = -40°C to 0V +125°C VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C MAX9919N VRS+ = VRS- = TA = +25°C +14V, VREFIN = TA = -40°C to 0V +125°C VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C MAX9920 VRS+ = VRS- = TA = +25°C +14V, VREFIN = TA = -40°C to 0V +125°C VRS+ = VRS- = -2V, VREFIN = 0V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C FB Input Bias Current Output-Voltage High (Note 4) IFB MAX9918, MAX9920 RL = 100kΩ to GND RL = 10kΩ to GND RL = 100kΩ to VCC RL = 10kΩ to VCC Output-Voltage Low (Note 4) Short-Circuit Current Output Resistance VSENSE = 200mV for MAX9918, MAX9919_, VCC - VOH VSENSE = 400mV for MAX9920 VSENSE = -200mV for MAX9918, MAX9919_, VOL VSENSE = -400mV for MAX9920 OUT shorted to VCC ISC OUT shorted to GND ROUT 3 12 3 10 44 41 0.1 VCC /2 VCC /2 MAX9918, MAX9919_ REFIN Voltage Range Inferred from REFIN CMRR test MAX9920 0 0 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918, AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETERS REFIN Common-Mode Rejection Ratio SYMBOL CONDITIONS MAX9918, MAX9919_ REFINCMRR MAX9920 REFIN Current SHDN Logic-High SHDN Logic-Low SHDN Logic Input Current Supply Voltage Range Power-Supply Rejection Ratio (Note 3) VCC PSRR IREFIN VIH VIL 0 ≤ VSHDN ≤ VCC Inferred from PSRR test MAX9918, MAX9919_ MAX9920 VRS+ = VRS- = +14V Supply Current ICC VRS+ = VRS- = -2V Shutdown Supply Current ICC_SHDN VSHDN = VCC = 5V MAX9918, VSENSE = 50mV Small Signal -3dB Bandwidth BW MAX9919F, VSENSE = 50mV MAX9919N, VSENSE = 50mV MAX9920, VSENSE = 200mV MAX9918 Slew Rate SR MAX9919F MAX9919N MAX9920 MAX9918 MAX9919F 1% Settling Time from VSENSE Step MAX9919N MAX9920 VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step VSENSE = 50mV to 5mV step VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step VSENSE = 50mV to 5mV step VSENSE = 5mV to 50mV step VSENSE = 50mV to 5mV step VSENSE = 20mV to 200mV step VSENSE = 200mV to 20mV step 4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V 4.5V ≤ VCC ≤ 5.5V TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C to +125°C 0.5 75 250 120 230 0.6 0.9 3.0 1.5 12 7 3.5 2.5 3.5 3 5 3 μs V/μs kHz 1.0 4.5 74 68 103 100 0.7 1.2 1.5 1.6 2.2 10 μA mA 0V ≤ VREFIN ≤ (VCC - 1.9V) 0V ≤ VREFIN ≤ (VCC - 2.4V) MIN 82 75 TYP 103 dB 90 ±100 ±100 2.0 0.8 5 5.5 μA V V μA V dB MAX UNITS MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 MAX9918, MAX9919_, VRS+ = VRS- = ±50mV MAX9920, VRS+ = VRS- = ±200mV _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (continued) (VCC = 5V, VRS+ = VRS- = +14V, VSENSE = (VRS+ - VRS-) = 0V, VSHDN = VGND = 0V, VREFIN = VCC/2, RL = 100kΩ; for MAX9918, AV = 90V/V, R2/R1 = 89kΩ/1kΩ; for MAX9920, AV = 20V/V, R2/R1 = 79kΩ/1kΩ; TA = -40°C to +125°C, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETERS SYMBOL CONDITIONS MAX9918, VSENSE = 50mV MAX9919F, VSENSE = 50mV MAX9919N, VSENSE = 50mV MAX9920, VSENSE = 200mV VCM = -2V to +14V step VCM = +14V to -2V step VCM = -2V to +14V step VCM = +14V to -2V step VCM = -2V to +14V step VCM = +14V to -2V step VCM = -2V to +14V step VCM = +14V to -2V step MIN TYP 2.5 0.5 2.5 0.5 3.5 3.5 0.25 2.5 4.5 5 6 5 50 60 174 pF nV/√Hz μs μs MAX UNITS 1% Settling Time from VCM Step MAX9918, VSENSE = 50mV, 1% settling Power-Up Time MAX9919F, VSENSE = 50mV, 1% settling MAX9919N, VSENSE = 50mV, 1% settling MAX9920, VSENSE = 200mV, 1% settling Max Capacitive Load Stability Input Referred Noise Voltage Density en No sustained oscillations (Note 5) 10kHz MAX9918, MAX9919_ MAX9920 Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C. All temperature limits are guaranteed by design. Note 2: VOS is extrapolated from two point gain error tests. Measurements are made at VSENSE = 5mV and 50mV for MAX9918/MAX9919N/MAX9919F, and VSENSE = 20mV and 200mV for MAX9920. Note 3: Extrapolated VOS as described above in Note 2 is used to calculate VOS drift, CMRR, and PSRR. Note 4: OUT should be 100mV away from either rail to achieve rated accuracy, or limited by a VSENSE of 50mV for the MAX9918/MAX9919N/MAX9919F and 200mV for the MAX9920. Note 5: Not production tested. Guaranteed by design. 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) VOS (VRS+ = +14V) 0.45 0.40 0.35 N (%) N (%) 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 -400 -320 -240-160 -80 0 80 160 240 320 400 OFFSET VOLTAGE (FV) 0 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 0.10 0.05 MAX9918 toc01 MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 VOS DRIFT (VRS+ = +14V) MAX9918 toc02 VOS (VRS+ = -2V) 0.30 0.25 N (%) 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 -400 -320 -240-160 -80 0 80 160 240 320 400 MAX9918 toc03 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.35 OFFSET VOLTAGE (FV/°C) OFFSET VOLTAGE (FV) VOS DRIFT (VRS+ = -2V) MAX9918 toc04 VOS vs. VCM 400 300 200 VOS (uV) MAX9918 toc05 VOS vs. VCC 100 75 50 VOS (FV) 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 MAX9918ASA VCC = 5V VREF = VGND VCM = -2V VCM = 14V MAX9918 toc06 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 N (%) 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 OFFSET VOLTAGE (FV/°C) 500 TA = -40°C TA = +25°C 125 100 0 -100 -200 -300 -400 -500 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 VCM (V) MAX9918ASA VCC = 5V VREF = VGND TA = +125°C 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 VCC (V) GAIN ERROR (VRS+ = +14V, MAX9919F, AV = +45V/V) MAX9918 toc07 GAIN ERROR (VRS+ = +14V, MAX9919N, AV = +90V/V) MAX9918 toc08 GAIN ERROR (VRS+ = -2V, MAX9919F, AV = +45V/V) MAX9918 toc09 0.6 0.5 0.4 N (%) 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 N (%) 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.5 0.4 N (%) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 GAIN ERROR (%) 0.4 0.1 0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 GAIN ERROR (%) 0.4 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 GAIN ERROR (%) 0.3 0.4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) GAIN ERROR (VRS+ = -2V, MAX9919N, AV = +90V/V) MAX9918 toc10 GAIN ERROR vs. VCM 1.6 1.2 0.8 GE (%) 0.4 0 -0.4 -0.8 -1.2 -1.6 -2.0 MAX9918ASA VCC = 5V VREF = VGND -20 -10 0 TA = +125NC TA = +25NC MAX9918 toc11 0.6 0.5 0.4 N (%) 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2 GAIN ERROR (%) 0.3 2.0 TA = -40NC 0.4 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 VCM (V) GAIN ERROR vs. VCC MAX9918 toc12 LINEARITY vs. VSENSE 0.20 0.15 LINEARITY (%) 0.10 0.05 0 TA = +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C VCM = -2V VCC = 5V VREFIN = VCC/2 AV = 90V/V BIDIRECTIONAL MAX9918 toc13 0.5 0.4 0.3 GAIN ERROR (%) 0.2 0.1 0 -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 VCC (V) 5.3 VCM = 14V VCM = -2V 0.25 -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 5.5 -30 -20 -10 0 10 VSENSE (mV) 20 30 LINEARITY vs. VSENSE 0.08 0.06 LINEARITY (%) 0.04 0.02 0 TA = +125°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C VCM = +14V VCC = 5V VREFIN = VCC/2 AV = 90V/V BIDIRECTIONAL MAX9918 toc14 LINEARITY vs. VSENSE 0.08 0.06 LINEARITY (%) 0.04 0.02 0 TA = +125°C TA = +25°C VCM = -2V VCC = 5V VREFIN = VGND TA = -40°C AV = 90V/V UNIDIRECTIONAL MAX9918 toc15 0.10 0.10 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.10 -30 -20 -10 0 VSENSE (mV) 10 20 30 0 10 20 30 40 50 VSENSE (mV) 60 70 80 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 LINEARITY vs. VSENSE 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 VCM = +14V VCC = 5V VREFIN = VGND AV = 90V/V UNIDIRECTIONAL TA = +25°C TA = -40°C MAX9918 toc16 LINEARITY vs. VSENSE 0.20 0.15 LINEARITY (%) 0.10 0.05 0 TA = +125°C TA = -40°C TA = +25°C LINEARITY (%) VCM = -2V VCC = 5V VREFIN = VCC/2 AV = 30V/V BIDIRECTIONAL -0.05 -0.10 -0.15 -0.20 -0.25 TA = +125°C 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 VSENSE (mV) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 VSENSE (mV) 60 80 100 LINEARITY vs. VSENSE 0.08 0.06 LINEARITY (%) 0.04 0.02 0 TA = +25°C TA = -40°C TA = +125°C VOUT - VREFIN vs. VSENSE 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 MAX9918 toc18 -0.02 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 VOUT - VREFIN (V) VCM = +14V VCC = 5V VREFIN = VCC/2 AV = 30V/V BIDIRECTIONAL -2V VCM: SOLID LINE 14V VCM: DASHED LINE MAX9918, VREFIN = 0V UNIDIRECTIONAL, GAIN = 90V/V -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 VSENSE (mV) -100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 VSENSE (mV) 60 80 100 VOUT - VREFIN vs. VSENSE 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 -0.5 -1.0 -1.5 -2.0 -2.5 -3.0 MAX9918 toc20 VOH/VOL vs. IOH VCM = +14V 300 VOH AND VOL (mV) 250 200 150 100 VOL 50 0 VCC - VOH MAX9918 toc21 -2V VCM: SOLID LINE 14V VCM: DASHED LINE 350 VOUT - VREFIN (V) MAX9918, VREFIN = VCC/2 BIDIRECTIONAL, GAIN = 90V/V 10 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 VSENSE (mV) 20 30 40 0 1 2 3 456 IOH (mA) 7 8 9 10 _______________________________________________________________________________________ MAX9918 toc19 0.10 MAX9918 toc17 0.25 9 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) ICC vs. VCC MAX9918 toc22 ICC vs.VCM 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 TA = +125NC VSENSE = 0V (DASH) VSENSE + 50mV (SOLID) MAX9918 toc23 IBIAS vs. VCM 80 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 MAX9918 VCC = 5V -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 VCM (V) MAX9918 toc24 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 ICC (mA) 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 VSENSE = 0V VCM = 14V VCM = -2V 100 TA = +25NC TA = -40NC 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 VCC (V) -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 VCM (V) INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT vs. VCM 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15 -20 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 -50 -20 MAX9918 toc25 DIFFERENTIAL RIN vs. VCM MAX9918 toc26 IBAIS (FA) ICC (mA) GAIN vs. FREQUENCY 40 30 20 GAIN (dB) 10 0 -10 -20 -30 MAX9918 VCM = 14V GAIN = 90V/V 0.01 0.1 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 MAX9918 toc27 1000 900 800 DIFFERENTIAL RIN (I) 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 50 INPUT LEAKAGE CURRENT (FA) TA = +25NC TA = -40NC TA = +125NC IN+ - IN- = 50mV VCC = VSHDN = 0V VREFIN = 0V 0 20 40 VCM (V) 60 80 -20 -5 10 25 VCM (V) 40 55 70 -40 0.001 GAIN vs. FREQUENCY MAX9918 toc28 GAIN vs. FREQUENCY MAX9918 toc29 PSRR vs. FREQUENCY -20 -40 PSRR (dB) -60 -80 -100 MAX9918 VCM = 14V VSENSE = 50mV MAX9918 toc30 40 30 20 10 10 0 -10 -20 GAIN (dB) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 MAX9918 VCM = 14V GAIN = 90V/V 0 GAIN (dB) 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 MAX9920 VCM = 14V GAIN = 20V/V 0.01 0.1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1 10 VCM = -2V -80 -90 -100 0.001 0.01 VCM = 14V 0.1 1 FREQUENCY (MHz) 10 100 -120 -140 10 100 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 FREQUENCY (kHz) -60 0.001 1k 10k 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT (GAIN = 45V/V) MAX9918 toc31 MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 SMALL-SIGNAL TRANSIENT (GAIN = 90V/V) MAX9918 toc32 5mV/div 5mV/div 50mV/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = 10mV TO 15mV 10Fs/div 100mV/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = 10mV TO 15mV 10Fs/div LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT (GAIN = 45V/V) MAX9918 toc33 LARGE-SIGNAL TRANSIENT (GAIN = 90V/V) MAX9918 toc34 50mV/div 50mV/div 500mV/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = 0V TO 50mV 10Fs/div 1V/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = 0 TO 50mV 10Fs/div COMMON-MODE STEP RESPONSE MAX9918 toc35 OUTPUT RESPONSE TO COMMON-MODE TRANSIENT MAX9918 toc36 MAX9918, VCM = 14V SSENSE = PS (50mV) VCM 50V/div 10V/div 1V/div 0 OUTPUT AC-COUPLED FULL SCALE AT THE INPUT VOUT 100mV/div 10Fs/div 4µs/div ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 5V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) SHUTDOWN ON/OFF DELAY MAX9918 toc37 POWER-UP TIME MAX9918 toc38 5V/div 5V/div 2V/div 1V/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = PS (50mV) 4Fs/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = PS (50mV) 4Fs/div OUTPUT OVERDRIVE RECOVERY (30V/V) MAX9918 toc39 OUTPUT OVERDRIVE RECOVERY (90V/V) MAX9918 toc40 MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = 2 x PS 200mV/div 50mV/div 2V/div 4Fs/div 2V/div MAX9918, VCM = 14V VSENSE = 2 x PS 4Fs/div 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Pin Configuration TOP VIEW + RS+ RSSHDN 1 2 3 MAX9918 MAX9919 MAX9920 EP* 8 VCC 7 REFIN 6 FB MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 GND 4 5 OUT 8 SOIC-EP *EXPOSED PAD. CONNECT EP TO SOLID GROUND FOR PROPER THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE. Pin Description PIN 1 2 3 4 5 6 NAME RS+ RSSHDN GND OUT FB FUNCTION Positive Current-Sensing Input. Power side connects to external sense resistor. Negative Current-Sensing Input. Load side connects to external sense resistor. Active-High Shutdown Input. Connect to GND for normal operation. Ground Current-Sense Output. VOUT is proportional to VSENSE. Feedback Input. Connect FB to a resistive-divider network to set the gain for the MAX9918 and MAX9920. See the Adjustable Gain (MAX9918/MAX9920) section for more information. Leave FB unconnected for the MAX9919 for proper operation. Reference Input. Set REFIN to VCC/2 for bidirectional operation. Set REFIN to GND for unidirectional operation. 5V Supply Voltage Input. Bypass VCC to GND with 0.1μF capacitor. Exposed Pad. Connect to a large-area contiguous ground plane for improved power dissipation. Do not use as the only ground connection for the part. 7 8 — REFIN VCC EP Detailed Description The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 are single-supply, high-accuracy uni-/bidirectional current-sense amplifiers with a high common-mode input range that extends from -20V to +75V. The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920’s input stage utilizes a pair of level shifters allowing a wide common-mode operating range when measuring the voltage drop (VSENSE) across the current-sense resistor. The first level shifter accommodates the upper commonmode operating range from +2V to +75V. When the common-mode voltage falls below +2V, the second level shifter is used to accommodate negative voltages down to -20V. The level shifters translate VSENSE to an internal reference voltage where it is then amplified with an instrumentation amplifier. The instrumentation amplifier configuration provides high precision with input offset voltages of 400μV (max). Indirect feedback of the instrumentation amplifier allows the gain to be adjusted with an external resistive-divider network on the MAX9918/MAX9920. The MAX9919 is a fixed gain device available with laser-trimmed resistors for gains of 45V/V (MAX9919F) and 90V/V (MAX9919N). The MAX9918/MAX9919 operate with a full-scale sense voltage of 50mV. The input stage of the MAX9920 provides an attenuation factor of 4, enabling a full-scale sense voltage of 200mV. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Uni-/Bidirectional Operation The MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 support both unidirectional and bidirectional operation. The devices operate in unidirectional mode with VREFIN = VGND. The output is then referenced to ground and the output voltage VOUT is proportional to the positive voltage drop (VSENSE) from RS+ to RS- (Figure 1). The MAX9918/MAX9919 operate in bidirectional mode by application of a low-source impedance reference voltage in the 0V to VCC - 1.9V range, (typically VCC/2), to REFIN. For the MAX9920, the reference voltage range is 0V to VCC - 2.4V (typically VCC/2). The output voltage V OUT relative to V REFIN is then proportional to the ±VSENSE voltage drop from RS+ to RS- (Figure 2). VOUT 3.6V IDISCHARGE RSENSE 2.7V RS+ RSLOAD G = 90V/V MAX9919N 5V VCC OUT TO ADC 1.8V DISCHARGE CURRENT SHDN GND REFIN 0.9V 0 10mV 20mV 20mV 30mV VSENSE Figure 1. Unidirectional Operation VOUT - VREFIN G = 90V/V 1.8V IDISCHARGE RSENSE ICHARGE DISCHARGE CURRENT 0.9V RS+ RSLOAD MAX9919N 5V VCC OUT TO ADC -20mV -10mV 0 10mV 20mV VSENSE SHDN GND REFIN 2.5V CHARGE CURRENT -0.9V -1.8V Figure 2. Bidirectional Operation 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Shutdown Mode Drive SHDN high to enter low-power shutdown mode. In shutdown mode, the MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 draw 0.5μA (typ) of quiescent current. Adjustable Gain (MAX9918/MAX9920) The MAX9918/MAX9920 feature externally adjustable gain set by a resistive-divider network circuit using resistors R1 and R2 (see the Functional Diagram). The gain frequency compensation is set for a minimum gain of 30V/V for the MAX9918 and 7.5V/V for the MAX9920. The gain G for the MAX9918/MAX9920 is given by the following equation: ⎛ R2 ⎞ G = ⎜1+ ⎟ (for MAX9918) ⎝ R1 ⎠ and ⎛ ⎛ R2 ⎞ ⎞ ⎜ ⎜ 1 + R1 ⎟ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ G= ⎜ ⎟ (for MAX9920) 4 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ Sense Resistor, RSENSE Choose RSENSE based on the following criteria: Accuracy: A high RSENSE value allows lower currents to be measured more accurately. This is because offsets become less significant when the sense voltage is larger. In the linear region (100mV < V OUT < V CC - 100mV), there are two components to accuracy: input offset voltage (VOS) and gain error (GE). Use the linear equation to calculate total error: VOUT = (G ± GE) x (VSENSE ± VOS) For best performance, select R SENSE to provide approximately 50mV (MAX9918/MAX9919) or 200mV (MAX9920) of sense voltage for the full-scale current in each application. Sense resistors of 5mΩ to 100mΩ are available with 1% accuracy or better. MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Efficiency and Power Dissipation At high current levels, the I2R losses in RSENSE can be significant. Take this into consideration when choosing the resistor value and its power dissipation (wattage) rating. Also, the sense resistor’s value might drift if it is allowed to heat up excessively. The precision VOS of the MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 allows the use of small sense resistors to reduce power dissipation and reduce hot spots. Inductance: Keep inductance low if ISENSE has a large high-frequency component by using resistors with low inductance value. Applications Information Component Selection Ideally, the maximum load current develops the fullscale sense voltage across the current-sense resistor. Choose the gain needed to yield the maximum output voltage required for the application: VOUT = VSENSE x G where VSENSE is the full-scale sense voltage, 50mV for the MAX9918/MAX9919, or 200mV for the MAX9920 and G is the gain of the device. G is externally adjustable for the MAX9918/MAX9920. The MAX9919 has a fixed gain version of 45V/V (MAX9919F) or 90V/V (MAX9919N). In unidirectional applications (VREFIN = 0V), select the gain of the MAX9918/MAX9920 to utilize the full output range between GND and VCC. In bidirectional applications (VREFIN = VCC/2), select the gain to allow an output voltage range of ±VCC/2. VOUT must be at least 100mV from either rail to achieve the rated gain accuracy. Power-Supply Bypassing and Grounding Bypass the MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920’s V CC to ground with a 0.1μF capacitor. Grounding these devices requires no special precautions; follow the same cautionary steps that apply to the rest of the system. High-current systems can experience large voltage drops across a ground plane, and this drop may add to or subtract from VOUT. Using a differential measurement between OUT and REFIN prevents this problem. For highest current-measurement accuracy, use a single-point star ground. Connect the exposed pad to a solid ground to ensure optimal thermal performance. ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Functional Diagram VCC MAX9919F A R2 RS+ 50mV (typ) RSENSE RSILOAD INPUT INPUT STAGE/ LEVEL SHIFTER R1 OUT FB REFIN FIXED GAIN G = 45V/V OR 90V/V SHDN GND VCC MAX9918 MAX9920 A OUT R2 MAX9918 50mV (typ) MAX9920 200mV (typ) RS+ RSENSE RSILOAD ADJUSTABLE GAIN SHDN GND INPUT INPUT STAGE/ LEVEL SHIFTER FB R1 REFIN GAIN IS SET BY EXTERNAL RESISTORS, R1 AND R2 G = [1+(R2/R1)] FOR MAX9918 G = [1+(R2/R1)]/4 FOR MAX9920 Chip Information PROCESS: BiCMOS 16 ______________________________________________________________________________________ -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns (footprints), go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. Note that a “+”, “#”, or “-” in the package code indicates RoHS status only. Package drawings may show a different suffix character, but the drawing pertains to the package regardless of RoHS status. PACKAGE TYPE 8 SOIC-EP PACKAGE CODE S8E+14 OUTLINE NO. 21-0111 LAND PATTERN NO. 90-0151 MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 17 8L, SOIC EXP. PAD.EPS -20V to +75V Input Range, Precision Uni-/Bidirectional, Current-Sense Amplifiers MAX9918/MAX9919/MAX9920 Revision History REVISION NUMBER 0 1 2 3 REVISION DATE 10/09 1/10 12/10 6/11 Initial release Updated Functional Diagram Added automotive qualified part Added MAX9920ASA/V+ to data sheet DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED — 16 1 1 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 18 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2011 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.