MAX9932

19-0859; Rev 1; 3/09 KIT ATION EVALU BLE AVAILA 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector General Description Features ♦ Complete RF-Detecting PA Controllers (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) ♦ Complete RF Detector (MAX9933) ♦ Variety of Input Ranges MAX9930/MAX9933: -58dBV to -13dBV (-45dBm to 0dBm for 50Ω Termination) MAX9931: -48dBV to -3dBV (-35dBm to +10dBm for 50Ω Termination) MAX9932: -43dBV to +2dBV (-30dBm to +15dBm for 50Ω Termination) ♦ 2MHz to 1.6GHz Frequency Range ♦ Temperature Stable Linear-in-dB Response ♦ Fast Response: 70ns 10dB Step ♦ 10mA Output Sourcing Capability ♦ Low Power: 17mW at 3V (typ) ♦ 13µA (typ) Shutdown Current ♦ Available in a Small 8-Pin µMAX Package MAX9930–MAX9933 The MAX9930–MAX9933 low-cost, low-power logarithmic amplifiers are designed to control RF power amplifiers (PA) and transimpedance amplifiers (TIA), and to detect RF power levels. These devices are designed to operate in the 2MHz to 1.6GHz frequency range. A typical dynamic range of 45dB makes this family of logarithmic amplifiers useful in a variety of wireless and GPON fiber video applications such as transmitter power measurement, and RSSI for terminal devices. Logarithmic amplifiers provide much wider measurement range and superior accuracy to controllers based on diode detectors. Excellent temperature stability is achieved over the full operating range of -40°C to +85°C. The choice of three different input voltage ranges eliminates the need for external attenuators, thus simplifying PA control-loop design. The logarithmic amplifier is a voltage-measuring device with a typical signal range of -58dBV to -13dBV for the MAX9930/MAX9933, -48dBV to -3dBV for the MAX9931, and -43dBV to +2dBV for the MAX9932. The MAX9930–MAX9933 require an external coupling capacitor in series with the RF input port. These devices feature a power-on delay when coming out of shutdown, holding OUT low for approximately 2.5µs to ensure glitch-free controller output. The MAX9930–MAX9933 family is available in an 8-pin µMAX® package. These devices consume 7mA with a 5V supply, and when powered down, the typical shutdown current is 13µA. Ordering Information PART MAX9930EUA+T MAX9931EUA+T MAX9932EUA+T MAX9933EUA+T TEMP RANGE -40oC to +85oC -40oC to +85oC -40oC to +85oC -40oC to +85oC PIN-PACKAGE 8 µMAX-8 8 µMAX-8 8 µMAX-8 8 µMAX-8 Applications RSSI for Fiber Modules, GPON-CATV Triplexors Low-Frequency RF OOK and ASK Applications Transmitter Power Measurement and Control TSI for Wireless Terminal Devices Cellular Handsets (TDMA, CDMA, GPRS, GSM) +Denotes a lead-free package. T = Tape and reel. Pin Configurations TOP VIEW RFIN 1 SHDN 2 SET 3 + 8 VCC RFIN 1 SHDN 2 GND 3 CLPF 4 + 8 VCC Block Diagram appears at end of data sheet. CLPF 4 MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 µMAX 7 OUT 6 N.C. 5 GND MAX9933 7 OUT 6 N.C. 5 GND µMAX µMAX is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc. ________________________________________________________________ Maxim Integrated Products 1 For pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact Maxim Direct at 1-888-629-4642, or visit Maxim’s website at www.maxim-ic.com. 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (Voltages referenced to GND.) VCC .......................................................................... -0.3V to +6V OUT, SET, SHDN, CLPF ............................ -0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) RFIN MAX9930/MAX9933 .....................................................+6dBm MAX9931 ....................................................................+16dBm MAX9932 ....................................................................+19dBm Equivalent Voltage MAX9930/MAX9933................................................. 0.45VRMS MAX9931 ....................................................................1.4VRMS MAX9932 ....................................................................2.0VRMS OUT Short Circuit to GND ........................................ Continuous Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +70°C) 8-Pin µMAX (derate 4.5mW/°C above +70°C) .............362mW Operating Temperature Range ...........................-40°C to +85°C Storage Temperature Range ............................-65°C to +150°C Lead Temperature (soldering, 10s) ................................ +300°C Stresses beyond those listed under “Absolute Maximum Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3V, SHDN = 1.8V, TA = -40oC to +85oC, CCLPF = 100nF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER Supply Voltage Supply Current Shutdown Supply Current Shutdown Output Voltage Logic-High Threshold Voltage Logic-Low Threshold Voltage SHDN Input Current SYMBOL VCC ICC ICC VOUT VH VL ISHDN SHDN = 3V SHDN = 0V High, ISOURCE = 10mA Low, ISINK = 350µA From CLPF BW From CLPF VOUT = 0.2V to 2.6V from CLPF VSET RIN Corresponding to central 40dB span 0.35 30 16 RFIN = 0dBm RFIN = -45dBm CCLPF = 150pF VOUT = 0.36V to 1.45V, CCLPF = 150pF 1.45 0.36 4.5 5 -1 2.65 5 -0.01 2.75 0.15 8 20 8 1.45 VCC = 5.25V SHDN = 0.8V, VCC = 5V SHDN = 0.8V 1.8 0.8 30 CONDITIONS MIN 2.70 7 13 1 TYP MAX 5.25 12 UNITS V mA µA mV V V µA MAIN OUTPUT (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Voltage Range Output-Referred Noise Small-Signal Bandwidth Slew Rate SET INPUT (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Voltage Range (Note 2) Input Resistance Slew Rate (Note 3) DETECTOR OUTPUT (MAX9933) Voltage Range Small-Signal Bandwidth Slew Rate VOUT BW V MHz V/µs V MΩ V/µs VOUT V nV/√Hz MHz V/µs 2 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector AC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VCC = 3V, SHDN = 1.8V, fRF = 2MHz to 1.6GHz, TA = -40°C to +85°C, CCLPF = 100nF, unless otherwise noted. Typical values are at TA = +25°C.) (Note 1) PARAMETER RF Input Frequency Range RF Input Voltage Range (Note 4) SYMBOL fRF MAX9930/MAX9933 VRF MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 Equivalent Power Range (50Ω Termination) (Note 4) PRF MAX9931 MAX9932 fRF = 2MHz, TA = +25°C fRF = 2MHz Logarithmic Slope VS fRF = 900MHz, TA = +25°C fRF = 900MHz fRF = 1600MHz MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 2MHz, TA = +25°C MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 2MHz MAX9931 MAX9932 Logarithmic Intercept PX fRF = 900MHz, TA = +25°C MAX9930/MAX9933 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9930/MAX9933 fRF = 1600MHz RF INPUT INTERFACE DC Resistance Inband Capacitance RDC CIB Connected to VCC Internally DC-coupled (Note 5) 2 0.5 kΩ pF MAX9931 MAX9932 -61 -51 -46 -63 -53 -48 -62 -53 -49 -64 -55 -51 CONDITIONS MIN 2 -58 -48 -43 -45 -35 -30 25 24 23.5 22.5 27 27 25.5 25.5 27 -56 -46 -41 -56 -46 -41 -59 -50 -45 -59 -50 -45 -62 -52 -47 -52 -42 -37 -50 -40 -35 -53 -44 -40 -51 -42 -38 dBm TYP MAX 1600 -13 -3 +2 0 +10 +15 29 30 27.5 28.5 mV/dB dBm dBV UNITS MHz MAX9930–MAX9933 fRF = 900MHz Note 1: All devices are 100% production tested at TA = +25°C and are guaranteed by design for TA = -40°C to +85°C as specified. Note 2: Typical value only, set-point input voltage range determined by logarithmic slope and logarithmic intercept. Note 3: Set-point slew rate is the rate at which the reference level voltage, applied to the inverting input of the gm stage, responds to a voltage step at the SET pin (see Figure 1). Note 4: Typical min/max range for detector. Note 5: Pin capacitance to ground. _______________________________________________________________________________________ 3 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Typical Operating Characteristics (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9930 MAX9930 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER SET vs. INPUT POWER vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz MAX9930 toc01 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 2MHz 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 900MHz 50MHz 1.6GHz 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -60 -50 1.6GHz 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz MAX9930 toc02 1.8 4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 TA = -40°C 0.6 0.4 0.2 TA = +25°C TA = +85°C -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 MAX9930 toc03 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 10 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 TA = +85°C 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) -4 0.2 -60 TA = -40°C TA = +25°C MAX9930 toc04 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 SET (V) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 -50 -40 TA = -40°C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C -30 -20 -10 0 10 MAX9930 toc05 MAX9930 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 SET (V) 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40°C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C MAX9930 toc06 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9930 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY MAX9930 toc07 MAX9930 LOG SLOPE vs. VCC MAX9930 toc08 MAX9930 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY TA = +25°C LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -62 TA = +85°C -64 MAX9930 toc09 27 26 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) TA = -40°C 25 24 23 22 21 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C 29 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 1.6GHz 26 25 24 23 22 900MHz 50MHz 2MHz -60 -66 TA = -40°C -68 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600 1800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 4 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9931 MAX9930 MAX9930 SET vs. INPUT POWER LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX9930 toc10 MAX9930–MAX9933 -59 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -61 2MHz -0.1 -0.2 INPUT POWER = -22dBm fRF = 50MHz MAX9930 toc11 1.6 1.4 SET (V) 1.6GHz -63 -65 -67 -69 -71 2.5 3.0 50MHz 900MHz 1.6GHz ERROR (dB) 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 900MHz 2MHz 50MHz -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 -0.6 0.4 0.2 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT POWER (dBm) 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 MAX9931 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER MAX9930 toc13 MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 TA = -40°C 0.6 0.4 TA = +85°C 0.2 TA = +25°C MAX9930 toc14 MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) SET (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40°C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C MAX9930 toc15 MAX9930 toc12 -57 0 1.8 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 1.6GHz 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 20 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40°C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C MAX9930 toc16 MAX9931 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) SET (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 TA = +25°C 0.4 0.2 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +85°C -3 -4 TA = -40°C MAX9930 toc17 MAX9931 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY 3 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 FREQUENCY (MHz) MAX9930 toc18 4 29 28 27 26 25 TA = -40°C TA = +85°C TA = +25°C _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9931 MAX9931 MAX9931 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY LOG SLOPE vs. VCC MAX9930 toc19 MAX9930 toc20 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 24 23 22 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 900MHz 50MHz 2MHz 1.6GHz -50 LOG INTERCEPT (mV/dB) -52 -54 -56 -58 -60 900MHz 2MHz LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -48 TA = -40°C TA = +85°C 50MHz -50 -52 TA = +25°C 1.6GHz -54 5.5 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600 -62 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 MAX9931 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX9930 toc22 MAX9932 SET vs. INPUT POWER MAX9930 toc23 MAX9932 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 1.6GHz 50MHz 900MHz 2MHz MAX9930 toc24 0.2 0.1 0 ERROR (dB) -0.1 -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -50 -25 0 INPUT POWER = -12dBm fRF = 50MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 900MHz 2MHz 50MHz 1.6GHz 4 -2 -3 -4 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 25 50 75 100 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 TEMPERATURE (°C) INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40°C TA = +25°C TA = +85°C MAX9930 toc25 MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 SET (V) 1.8 TA = +85°C 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +25°C TA = -40°C 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 SET (V) 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -40 MAX9930 toc26 MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz 4 1.8 MAX9930 toc27 MAX9930 toc21 29 -46 -48 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 -1 -2 -3 -4 INPUT POWER (dBm) 6 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9932 MAX9932 MAX9932 SET AND LOG CONFORMANCE LOG SLOPE vs. VCC LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz 1.6 1.4 1.2 SET (V) 1.0 0.8 TA = +85°C 0.6 TA = +25°C 0.4 0.2 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = -40°C -3 -4 -2 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 1800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 3 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 MAX9930 toc29 MAX9930–MAX9933 28 27 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 24 900MHz 23 22 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 1.6GHz 50MHz 2MHz TA = +85°C TA = +25°C 26 25 TA = -40°C 5.5 MAX9932 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY MAX9930 toc31 MAX9932 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC MAX9930 toc32 MAX9932 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE INPUT POWER = -10dBm fRF = 50MHz MAX9930 toc33 -40 -41 -43 50MHz LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -45 -47 900MHz -49 -51 -53 1.6GHz 2MHz 0.1 0 -0.1 ERROR (dB) -0.2 -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -42 TA = -40°C TA = +85°C -44 TA = +25°C -46 -48 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600 -55 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) MAX9933 OUT vs. INPUT POWER MAX9930 toc34 MAX9933 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER MAX9930 toc35 MAX9933 OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 2MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 OUT (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C -20 -10 0 10 MAX9930 toc36 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 OUT (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 900MHz 50MHz 2MHz 1.6GHz MAX9930 toc30 1.8 MAX9930 toc28 4 29 29 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.6GHz 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 10 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 7 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) MAX9933 MAX9933 MAX9933 OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE OUTPUT AND LOG CONFORMANCE vs. INPUT POWER AT 1.6GHz vs. INPUT POWER AT 50MHz vs. INPUT POWER AT 900MHz 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 OUT (V) 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) TA = +85°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C MAX9930 toc37 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) OUT (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 TA = -40°C 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 TA = +85°C TA = +25°C MAX9930 toc38 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) OUT (V) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 1.8 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 TA = +85°C 0.2 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 TA = -40°C TA = +25°C MAX9930 toc39 4 3 2 ERROR (dB) 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 0 10 0 10 INPUT POWER (dBm) INPUT POWER (dBm) MAX9933 LOG SLOPE vs. FREQUENCY MAX9930 toc40 MAX9933 LOG SLOPE vs. VCC MAX9930 toc41 MAX9933 LOG INTERCEPT vs. FREQUENCY XMAX9930 toc42 29 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 TA = -40°C 24 23 0 300 600 900 1200 1500 29 1.6GHz 28 LOG SLOPE (mV/dB) 27 26 25 24 23 22 2MHz 900MHz 50MHz -52 -54 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -56 -58 -60 -62 -64 TA = +25°C TA = +85°C TA = +25°C TA = -40°C TA = +85°C 1800 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 0 400 800 FREQUENCY (MHz) 1200 1600 FREQUENCY (MHz) MAX9933 LOG INTERCEPT vs. VCC MAX9930 toc43 MAX9933 LOG CONFORMANCE vs. TEMPERATURE MAX9930 toc44 SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SHDN VOLTAGE 7 SUPPLY CURRENT (mA) 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 VCC = 5.25V MAX9930 toc45 -52 -54 LOG INTERCEPT (dBm) -56 -58 50MHz -60 -62 -64 -66 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 900MHz 2MHz 0.4 0.3 0.2 ERROR (dB) 0.1 0 -0.1 INPUT POWER = -22dBm fRF = 50MHz 8 1.6GHz -0.2 5.5 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 TEMPERATURE (°C) -1 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 SHDN (V) 8 _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Typical Operating Characteristics (continued) (VCC = 3V, SHDN = VCC, TA = +25°C, all log conformance plots are normalized to their respective temperatures, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.) SUPPLY CURRENT vs. SUPPLY VOLTAGE MAX9930 toc46 MAX9930–MAX9933 SHDN POWER-ON DELAY RESPONSE TIME MAX9930 toc47 8.0 7.8 7.6 SUPLLY CURRENT (mA) 7.4 7.2 7.0 6.8 6.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 CCLPF = 150pF SHDN 500mV/div 0V OUT 1V/div 0V 5.5 2µs/div SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) SHDN RESPONSE TIME MAX9930 toc48 MAIN OUTPUT NOISE-SPECTRAL DENSITY NOISE-SPECTRAL DENSITY (nV/√Hz) MAX9933 CLPF = 220pF MAX9930 toc49 MAXIMUM OUT VOLTAGE vs. VCC BY LOAD CURRENT 5.0 4.5 OUT (V) 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 5mA 10mA 0mA MAX9930 toc50 CLPF = 150pF 10,000 5.5 SHDN 1V/div 0V 1000 OUT 500mV/div 0V 100 2µs/div 100 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M FREQUENCY (Hz) 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 VCC (V) 4.5 5.0 5.5 LARGE-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE MAX9930 toc51 SMALL-SIGNAL PULSE RESPONSE MAX9930 toc52 CCLPF = 10,000pF OUT 500mV/div OUT 75mV/div CCLPF = 150pF ≤ 900mV ≤ 0V fRF = 50MHz RFIN 250mV/div -42dBm -2dBm 10µs/div -18dBm 1µs/div RFIN 25mV/div fRF = 50MHz -24dBm _______________________________________________________________________________________ 9 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Pin Description PIN MAX9930/ MAX9931/ MAX9932 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 MAX9933 1 2 — 4 3, 5 6 7 8 NAME FUNCTION RFIN SHDN SET CLPF GND N.C. OUT VCC RF Input Shutdown. Connect to VCC for normal operation. Set-Point Input Lowpass Filter Connection. Connect external capacitor between CLPF and GND to set control-loop bandwidth. Ground No Connection. Not internally connected. PA Gain-Control Output Supply Voltage. Bypass to GND with a 0.1µF capacitor. SHDN VCC OUTPUTENABLED DELAY gm DET DET DET DET DET X1 OUT CLPF RFIN 10dB OFFSET COMP GND 10dB 10dB 10dB REFERENCE CURRENT V-I* SET MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 SHDN VCC OUTPUTENABLED DELAY gm DET DET DET DET DET X1 OUT CLPF RFIN 10dB OFFSET COMP GND *INVERTING VOLTAGE TO CURRENT CONVERTER 10dB 10dB 10dB REFERENCE CURRENT V-I* MAX9933 Figure 1. Functional Diagram 10 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Detailed Description The MAX9930–MAX9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers (log amps) comprises four main amplifier/limiter stages each with a small-signal gain of 10dB. The output stage of each amplifier is applied to a full-wave rectifier (detector). A detector stage also precedes the first gain stage. In total, five detectors, each separated by 10dB, comprise the log amp strip. Figure 1 shows the functional diagram of the log amps. A portion of the PA output power is coupled to RFIN of the logarithmic amplifier controller/detector, and is applied to the logarithmic amplifier strip. Each detector cell outputs a rectified current and all cell currents are summed and form a logarithmic output. The detected output is applied to a high-gain gm stage, which is buffered and then applied to OUT. For the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932, OUT is applied to the gain-control input of the PA to close the control loop. The voltage applied to SET determines the output power of the PA in the control loop. The voltage applied to SET relates to an input power level determined by the log amp detector characteristics. For the MAX9933, OUT is applied to an ADC typically found in a baseband IC which, in turn, controls the PA biasing with the output (Figure 2). Extrapolating a straight-line fit of the graph of SET vs. RFIN provides the logarithmic intercept. Logarithmic slope, the amount SET changes for each dB change of RF input, is generally independent of waveform or termination impedance. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 slope at low frequencies is about 25mV/dB. Variance in temperature and supply voltage does not alter the slope significantly as shown in the Typical Operating Characteristics. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 are specifically designed for use in PA control applications. In a control loop, the output starts at approximately 2.9V (with supply voltage of 3V) for the minimum input signal and falls to a value close to ground at the maximum input. With a portion of the PA output power coupled to RFIN, apply a voltage to SET (for the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) and connect OUT to the gain-control pin of the PA to control its output power. An external capacitor from CLPF to ground sets the bandwidth of the PA control loop. MAX9930–MAX9933 Transfer Function Logarithmic slope and intercept determine the transfer function of the MAX9930–MAX9933 family of log amps. The change in SET voltage (OUT voltage for the MAX9933) per dB change in RF input defines the logarithmic slope. Therefore, a 10dB change in RF input results in a 250mV change at SET (OUT for the MAX9933). The Log Conformance vs. Input Power plots (see Typical Operating Characteristics) show the dynamic range of the log amp family. Dynamic range is the range for which the error remains within a band of ±1dB. The intercept is defined as the point where the linear response, when extrapolated, intersects the y-axis of the Log Conformance vs. Input Power plot. Using these parameters, the input power can be calculated at any SET voltage level (OUT voltage level for the MAX9933) within the specified input range with the following equations: RFIN = (SET / SLOPE) + IP (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) RFIN = (OUT / SLOPE) + IP (MAX9933) where SET is the set-point voltage, OUT is the output voltage for the MAX9933, SLOPE is the logarithmic slope (V/dB), RFIN is in either dBm or dBV and IP is the logarithmic intercept point utilizing the same units as RFIN. XX PA TRANSMITTER DAC 50Ω CC RFIN 50Ω SHDN GND CLPF CCLPF MAX9933 OUT N.C. GND VCC VCC BASEBAND IC 0.01µF ADC Figure 2. MAX9933 Typical Application Circuit ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Applications Information Controller Mode (MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932) Figure 3 provides a circuit example of the MAX9930/ MAX9931/MAX9932 configured as a controller. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 require a 2.7V to 5.25V supply voltage. Place a 0.1µF low-ESR, surface-mount ceramic capacitor close to VCC to decouple the supply. Electrically isolate the RF input from other pins (especially SET) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high-power levels of the MAX9932). The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 require external AC-coupling. Achieve 50Ω input matching by connecting a 50Ω resistor between the AC-coupling capacitor of RFIN and ground. The MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932 logarithmic amplifiers function as both the detector and controller in power-control loops. Use a directional coupler to couple a portion of the PA’s output power to the log amp’s RF input. For applications requiring dual-mode operation and where there are two PAs and two directional couplers, passively combine the outputs of the directional couplers before applying to the log amp. Apply a setpoint voltage to SET from a controlling source (usually a DAC). OUT, which drives the automatic gain-control input of the PA, corrects any inequality between the RF input level and the corresponding set-point level. This is valid assuming the gain control of the variable gain element is positive, such that increasing OUT voltage increases gain. The OUT voltage can range from 150mV to within 250mV of the positive supply rail while sourcing 10mA. Use a suitable load resistor between OUT and GND for PA control inputs that source current. The Typical Operating Characteristics has the Maximum Out Voltage vs. VCC By Load Current graph that shows the sourcing capabilities and output swing of OUT. SHDN and Power-On The MAX9930–MAX9933 can be placed in shutdown by pulling SHDN to ground. Shutdown reduces supply current to typically 13µA. A graph of SHDN Response Time is included in the Typical Operating Characteristics. Connect SHDN and VCC together for continuous on operation. Power Convention Expressing power in dBm, decibels above 1mW, is the most common convention in RF systems. Log amp input levels specified in terms of power are a result of the following common convention. Note that input power does not refer to power, but rather to input voltage relative to a 50Ω impedance. Use of dBV, decibels with respect to a 1V RMS sine wave, yields a less ambiguous result. The dBV convention has its own pitfalls in that log amp response is also dependent on waveform. A complex input, such as CDMA, does not have the exact same output response as the sinusoidal signal. The MAX9930–MAX9933 performance specifications are in both dBV and dBm, with equivalent dBm levels for a 50Ω environment. To convert dBV values into dBm in a 50Ω network, add 13dB. For CATV applications, to convert dBV values to dBm in a 75Ω network, add 11.25dB. Table 1 shows the different input power ranges in different conventions for the MAX9930–MAX9933. ANTENNA POWER AMPLIFIER RF INPUT XX 50Ω CC RFIN MAX9930 SHDN MAX9931 MAX9932 SET CLPF CCLPF VCC VCC 0.1µF Table 1. Power Ranges of the MAX9930– MAX9933 INPUT POWER RANGE PART dBV -58 to -13 -48 to -3 -43 to +2 -58 to -13 dBm IN A 50Ω NETWORK -45 to 0 -35 to +10 -30 to +15 -45 to 0 dBm IN A 75Ω NETWORK -46.75 to -1.75 -36.75 to +8.25 -31.75 to +13.25 -46.75 to -1.75 OUT N.C. GND DAC MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9933 Figure 3. Control Mode Application Circuit Block 12 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Filter Capacitor and Transient Response In general, for the MAX9930/MAX9931/MAX9932, the choice of filter capacitor only partially determines the time-domain response of a PA control loop. However, some simple conventions can be applied to affect transient response. A large filter capacitor, CCLPF, dominates time-domain response, but the loop bandwidth remains a factor of the PA gain-control range. The bandwidth is maximized at power outputs near the center of the PA’s range, and minimized at the low and high power levels, where the slope of the gain-control curve is lowest. A smaller valued CCLPF results in an increased loop bandwidth inversely proportional to the capacitor value. Inherent phase lag in the PA’s control path, usually caused by parasitics at OUT, ultimately results in the addition of complex poles in the AC loop equation. To avoid this secondary effect, experimentally determine the lowest usable CCLPF for the power amplifier of interest. This requires full consideration to the intricacies of the PA control function. The worst-case condition, where the PA output is smallest (gain function is steepest) should be used because the PA control function is typically nonlinear. An additional zero can be added to improve loop dynamics by placing a resistor in series with C CLPF . See Figure 4 for the gain and phase response for different CCLPF values. attenuation. A broadband resistive match is implemented by connecting a resistor to ground at the external AC-coupling capacitor at RFIN as shown in Figure 5. A 50Ω resistor (use other values for different input impedances) in this configuration, in parallel with the input impedance of the MAX9930–MAX9933, presents an input impedance of approximately 50Ω. These devices require an additional external coupling capacitor in series with the RF input. As the operating frequency increases over 2GHz, input impedance is reduced, resulting in the need for a larger-valued shunt resistor. Use a Smith Chart for calculating the ideal shunt resistor value. Refer to the MAX4000/MAX4001/MAX4002 data sheet for narrowband reactive and series attenuation input coupling. MAX9930–MAX9933 50Ω SOURCE 50Ω CC RFIN RS 50Ω MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 MAX9933 CIN RIN VCC Additional Input Coupling There are three common methods for input coupling: broadband resistive, narrowband reactive, and series Figure 5. Broadband Resistive Matching GAIN AND PHASE vs. FREQUENCY 80 60 40 20 GAIN (dB) 0 -20 -40 -60 -80 -100 10 100 1k 10k 100k 1M FREQUENCY (Hz) CCLPF = 2000pF CCLPF = 200pF CCLPF = 200pF GAIN CCLPF = 2000pF MAX9930 fig04 SMALL-SIGNAL BANDWIDTH vs. CCLPF 135 90 FREQUENCY (MHz) PHASE (DEGREES) 45 0 -45 -90 -135 1 MAX9930 fig04 180 10 0.1 PHASE -180 0.01 100 1000 10,000 CCLPF (pF) 100,000 -225 10M 100M Figure 4. Gain and Phase vs. Frequency ______________________________________________________________________________________ 13 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Waveform Considerations The MAX9930–MAX9933 family of logarithmic amplifiers respond to voltage, not power, even though input levels are specified in dBm. It is important to realize that input signals with identical RMS power but unique waveforms result in different log amp outputs. Differing signal waveforms result in either an upward or downward shift in the logarithmic intercept. However, the logarithmic slope remains the same; it is possible to compensate for known waveform shapes by baseband process. It must also be noted that the output waveform is generated by first rectifying and then averaging the input signal. This method should not be confused with RMS or peakdetection methods. Block Diagram SHDN VCC RFIN LOG DETECTOR gm BLOCK SET MAX9930 MAX9931 MAX9932 GND V-I* OUTPUTENABLE DELAY x1 BUFFER OUT CCLPF Layout Considerations As with any RF circuit, the layout of the MAX9930– MAX9933 circuits affects performance. Use a short 50Ω line at the input with multiple ground vias along the length of the line. The input capacitor and resistor should both be placed as close as possible to the IC. VCC should be bypassed as close as possible to the IC with multiple vias connecting the capacitor to the ground plane. It is recommended that good RF components be chosen for the desired operating frequency range. Electrically isolate RF input from other pins (especially SET) to maximize performance at high frequencies (especially at the high power levels of the MAX9932). OUTPUTENABLE DELAY LOG DETECTOR gm BLOCK x1 BUFFER OUT SHDN VCC RFIN MAX9933 V-I* CCLPF GND Chip Information PROCESS: High-Frequency Bipolar *INVERTING VOLTAGE TO CURRENT CONVERTER. 14 ______________________________________________________________________________________ 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector Package Information For the latest package outline information and land patterns, go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages. PACKAGE TYPE 8 µMAX PACKAGE CODE U8-1 DOCUMENT NO. 21-0140 MAX9930–MAX9933 α α ______________________________________________________________________________________ 15 2MHz to 1.6GHz 45dB RF-Detecting Controllers and RF Detector MAX9930–MAX9933 Revision History REVISION NUMBER 0 1 REVISION DATE 8/07 3/09 Initial release Added TOC46 to Typical Operating Characteristics DESCRIPTION PAGES CHANGED — 9 Maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a Maxim product. No circuit patent licenses are implied. Maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. 16 ____________________Maxim Integrated Products, 120 San Gabriel Drive, Sunnyvale, CA 94086 408-737-7600 © 2009 Maxim Integrated Products Maxim is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.