MLX90251EVA-FAA-000-BU

MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 1. Features and Benefits             2. Application Examples Analog Signal Processing Quad Switched Hall Plate Chopper Stabilized Amplifier Linear Analog Ratiometric Output Voltage Programmable Output Quiescent Voltage (VOQ) -100%VDD…200%VDD Range Programmable Magnetic Sensitivity Programmable Low Pass Filter Programmable Clamping Voltage Programmable Temperature Compensation Melexis ID Number Programmable Customer ID Number Lead-free package     Linear Position Sensing Rotary Position Sensing Current Sensing Magnetic Field Measurement Ordering Information Product Code MLX90251 MLX90251 MLX90251 MLX90251 MLX90251 MLX90251 MLX90251 MLX90251 Temperature Code E E E E L L L L Legend: Temperature Code: Package Code VA VA VA VA VA VA VA VA Option Code FAA-000 FAA-100 FAA-200 FAA-300 FAA-000 FAA-100 FAA-200 FAA-300 Package Code: Option Code: Packing Form: L for Temperature Range -40°C to 150°C E for Temperature Range -40°C to 85°C VA for Plastic Single in Line thickness 1.1-1.2mm See section 12.4 BU for Bulk Ordering example: MLX90251LVA-FAA-000-BU REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Packing Form Code BU BU BU BU BU BU BU BU Page 1 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 3. Functional Diagram Supply 4. General Description 1 Filter OPA OPA OPA 4 3 DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC DAC 2 Shift Register E E P R O M Figure 1-1 Functional Diagram VDD Test VSS (Ground) VOUT Pin Out VA package 1 2 3 4 Program decoder The MLX90251 is a CMOS Programmable, Ratiometric Linear Hall Effect sensor IC. The linear output voltage is proportional to the magnetic flux density. The ratiometric output voltage is proportional to the supply voltage. The MLX90251 possesses active error correction circuitry, which virtually eliminates the offset errors normally associated with analog Hall Effect devices. All the parameters of the MLX90251 transfer characteristic are fully programmable. The VOQ (VOUT @ B = 0 Gauss), the Sensitivity, the slope polarity, the Output Clamping levels, the thermal Sensitivity drift, the internal bias point and a low-pass filter are all programmable in end-user applications. The MLX90251 has a very stable thermal compensation for both the Sensitivity and the VOQ over a broad temperature range. For traceability purpose the MLX90251 will carry a unique ID number programmed by Melexis and 24 bits of EEPROM memory are allocated for a user programmed serial number. Table 1: Pin out REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 2 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet Table of Contents 1. Features and Benefits ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Application Examples .................................................................................................................... 1 3. Functional Diagram....................................................................................................................... 2 4. General Description ...................................................................................................................... 2 5. Glossary of Terms ......................................................................................................................... 4 6. Maximum Ratings ......................................................................................................................... 4 7. Detailed Block Diagram ................................................................................................................. 5 7.1. Detailed Description .................................................................................................................... 5 8. General Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................... 6 9. Programming Range ..................................................................................................................... 7 10. Timing Specifications .................................................................................................................. 7 11. Accuracy ..................................................................................................................................... 7 12. Programmable Features ............................................................................................................. 8 12.1. Output Quiescent Voltage (VOQ)................................................................................................ 9 12.2. Thermal VOQ Drift (DRIFT) .......................................................................................................... 9 12.3. Sensitivity, Rough Gain and Fine Gain ..................................................................................... 10 12.4. Sensitivity Range Selection ...................................................................................................... 11 12.5. Sensitivity Polarity (INVERT) .................................................................................................... 13 12.6. Clamping Levels (CLAMPLOW, CLAMPHIGH) .......................................................................... 13 12.7. Filter (FILTER) .......................................................................................................................... 14 12.8. Sensitivity Temperature Compensation (TC, TCW, TC2) .......................................................... 15 12.9. Diagnostic Output Level (FAULTLEV) ....................................................................................... 15 12.10. The EEPROM, Parity, and Melexis CRC .................................................................................. 15 12.11. Output Amplifier Configuration (MODE) ............................................................................... 16 12.12. Memory Lock (MEMLOCK) .................................................................................................... 16 12.13. IC traceability ........................................................................................................................ 16 13. Performance Graphs ................................................................................................................. 17 14. Applications Information........................................................................................................... 18 14.1. Application Circuits – VA-package ........................................................................................... 18 14.2. Programming the Sensor......................................................................................................... 18 14.3. Calibration Procedure ............................................................................................................. 19 15. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes ....................................................................................................................................... 20 16. ESD Precautions........................................................................................................................ 20 17. Package Information ................................................................................................................. 21 17.1. VA Package Outline and Hall Plate Position ............................................................................ 21 18. Contact ..................................................................................................................................... 22 19. Disclaimer................................................................................................................................. 22 REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 3 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 5. Glossary of Terms Term Explanation mT (milli-Tesla) Unit of measurement for magnetic flux density. 1mT is equal to 10 Gauss. VOQ (Output Quiescent Voltage) Output voltage at zero magnetic field, VOUT for B = 0 mT. Sensitivity Change in output voltage versus change in magnetic field (Δ VOUT / Δ B) TempCo (Sensitivity Temperature Compensation) PTC (Programming Through the Connector) Change in Sensitivity over temperature. Listed in units of ppm / °C (where 100ppm / °C. = 0.01% / °C) MSB Most Significant Bit. LSB Least Significant Bit. Melexis in-circuit programming protocol. 6. Maximum Ratings Parameter Units Maximum Supply Voltage, VDD_MAX (over Voltage) 30 V Maximum Supply Current, IDD_MAX (Over Voltage) 50 mA Reverse Voltage, VDD_REV - 15 V Reverse Supply Current, IDD_REV - 85 mA Positive Output Voltage, VOUT_MAX 24 V Positive Output Current, IOUT_POS_FAULT 40 mA Reverse Output Voltage, VOUT_REV - 0.7 V Reverse Output Current, IOUT_REV_FAULT -50 mA Operating Ambient Temperature Range, TA -40°C to 150°C Storage Temperature Range, TS -55°C to 165°C Magnetic Flux Density Infinite Table 2: Absolute Maximum Ratings Note: Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute-maximum-rated conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 4 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet EEPROM Current Source Hall Plate Chopper Stabilized Amplifier InvertSlope RG: 4 Bits Sample & Hold Filter Offset Stage Clamp Stage Output Amplifier Output Analog Signal Processing 7. Detailed Block Diagram TCW: 3 Bits TC: 5 Bits TC^2: 6 Bits Lock Out: MemLock MLXLock AGND: 10 Bits CLAMP Hi: 10 Bits Lo: 10 Bits FG: 10 Bits FILTER: 4 Bits OFFSET: 10 Bits DRIFT: 4 Bits MODE: 2 Bits Fault Level Figure 5-1 Detailed Block Diagram 7.1. Detailed Description Integrated on the MLX90251 is a temperature-compensated quad switched Hall plate, chopper stabilized amplifiers, adjustable output filter, output driver, voltage protection circuitry and a programmable EEPROM with security and redundancy. Programming the EEPROM allows each device to be calibrated in the application. In normal operation data stored in the EEPROM feeds a register, RAM that updates internal DACs and switches that effect the operation of the device. In programming mode the RAM can be directly accessed to allow faster calibration of the parameters. Communication to the device is done using Melexis' PTC serial interface. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 5 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 8. General Electrical Specifications DC operating parameters at VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified) and for TA as specified by the temperature range (E or L). Parameter Symbol Nominal Supply Voltage VDDNOM Operating Supply Voltage VDD Nominal Supply Current IDDNOM Supply Current Min Typical Max Units - 5 - V 4.5 - 5.5 V VDD = VDDNOM 4.0 7.0 8.0 mA IDD VDD = 4.5 … 5.5 V 3.0 - 9.0 mA VOUTPD Pull Down Load ≥ 10 kΩ no clamping 2 96 %VDD VOUTPU Pull Up Load ≥ 10 kΩ no clamping 5 97 %VDD IOUT VDD = VDDNOM -1.25 1.25 mA -12 4 -4 12 mA mA 0.5 %VDD 1 Output Voltage Swing Output Current Output Short-Circuit Current Test Conditions IOUTSC+ IOUTSC- VDD = VDDNOM Output shorted to supplypermanent Output shorted to groundpermanent VOUT1 Broken supply, Pull-down load > 10 kΩ 0 VOUT2 Broken ground, Pull-down load > 10 kΩ 94 96 100 %VDD VOUT3 Broken supply, Pull-up load > 10 kΩ 0 3 5 %VDD VOUT4 Broken ground, Pull-up load > 10 kΩ 99.5 100 %VDD Power on Reset VDD_POR Voltage on VDD 1.5 3.8 V Over Voltage Detection VDD_OVD Voltage on VDD 6.5 8.5 V Diagnostic Output Voltage Table 3: Electrical Specifications The ratiometric output voltage is proportional to the supply voltage. When using the supply voltage as a reference for an A/D converter, fluctuations of ±10% in supply voltage are compensated. 1 REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 6 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 9. Programming Range TA programming 20°C to 30°C. Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Min Output Quiescent Voltage VOQ AGND = Default AGND = 0…1023 Sensitivity S Output Clamping Voltage Low ClampLo Output Clamping Voltage High ClampHi Temperature Compensation TempCo Max Units -10 -100 110 200 %VDD %VDD 2.6 210 mV/mT 0 100 %VDD 0 100 %VDD 0 2300 ppm / °C 1st order Typical Table 4: Programming Range Specifications 10. Timing Specifications DC operating parameters at VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified) and for TA as specified by the temperature range (E or L). Parameter Symbol Test Conditions Power On Delay TPO FILTER = 0, RG = 0 FILTER = 0, RG = 15 FILTER = 15, RG = 0 FILTER = 15, RG = 15 Step Response Time RG = 0 to 3, FILTER = 0 RG = 4 to 7, FILTER = 0 RG = 8 to 11, FILTER = 0 RG = 12 to 15, FILTER = 0 Min Typical Max Units 0.4 0.6 1.1 5 0.8 1.2 2.2 10 ms ms ms ms 32 64 132 264 μs μs μs μs 24 48 100 200 Table 5: Timing Specifications 11. Accuracy DC operating parameters at VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified) and for TA as specified by the temperature range (E or L). Parameter Symbol†† Test Conditions Min Thermal Voq Drift Δ VOQ VOQ = 2.5V , 25°C / 150°C VOQ = 2.5V2, 25°C / -40°C T Life Time Drift of the L T Δ Δ VOQ Thermal Voq Drift Life Time Voq Drift ΔLΔVOQ Life Time Sensitivity Drift ΔLΔS 2 2 Typical Max Units - 0.2 - 0.4 + 0.2 + 0.4 %VDD %VDD - 0.2 + 0.2 %VDD - 0.3 -1 + 0.3 +1 %VDD % For other test conditions, please contact the Melexis Sales representative of your area. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 7 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet Parameter Symbol†† Sensitivity Coefficient 3 Test Conditions Temperature TCs Thermal Drift of Sensitivity Temperature Compensation Thermal Drift Output Clamping Levels Life Time Drift Output Clamping Levels 4 Linearity error ΔTTC ΔTVOUTCLAMP 0 to 500 ppm / °C 500 to 1200 ppm / °C 1200 to 2300 ppm / °C VA-package GO-package ΔLVOUTCLAMP Min Max Units ppm / °C ppm / °C ppm / °C ppm / °C - 0.4 ± 100 ± 150 ± 200 150 250 + 0.4 - 0.2 + 0.2 %VDD Le Typical 0.2 %VDD % Table 6: Accuracy Specifications 12. Programmable Features The MLX90251 has many programmable features for adjusting the output characteristic. The features are utilized by writing data into the redundant non-volatile EEPROM. Below is a quick list and description of all the programmable parameters. Many of the parameters are set by Melexis and they are not used by the end customer. Later sections of the data sheet give details on how the parameters are used. Parameter Symbol Description Number of Bits Default AGND Coarse adjustment of VOQ. 10 Trimmed Analog Clock Choice CKANACH Adjustment for amplifier clock generator. 2 Preset Clamping High CLAMPHIGH Adjustment of upper output clamping voltage. 10 512 Clamping Low CLAMPLOW Adjustment of lower output clamping voltage. 10 512 Customer ID†† CUSTID Open bits for customer’s ID programming. 24 Preset Offset Drift† DRIFT VOQ temperature drift compensation. 4 Trimmed EEPROM Fault Level FAULTLEV Output state for EEPROM parity error. 1 0 Fine Gain FG Fine adjustment for Sensitivity. 10 0 Filter FILTER Adjustment for low pass output filter. 4 0 Invert Slope INVERT Sensitivity polarity selection. 1 0 Memory Lock MEM_LOCK Used to lock the entire EEPROM. 1 0 Melexis ID MLX_ID Melexis IC identification number. MLX_LOCK Used to lock Melexis area of the EEPROM. 1 0 MODE Adjustment for output stage amplifier. 2 1 OFFSET Fine adjustment of VOQ. 10 0 OSCADJ Chip oscillator frequency adjustment. 4 Preset Internal Bias Point † † Melexis Lock † Output Driver † Offset DAC Oscillator Adjust 3 4 † Preset Valid for Rough Gain within the specified option code. ∆L = Life Time Drift (based on HTOL data [1000 hours @ 150°C]). ∆T = Thermal Drift. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 8 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet Parameter Symbol Description Number of Bits Default EEPROM Parity PARITY Ensures the integrity of the EEPROM data. 3 Calculated Rough Gain RG Rough adjustment for Sensitivity. 4 0 Slow SLOW Amplifier speed adjustment. 1 Preset Temperature Compensation Window TCW Range adjustment for Sensitivity Temperature Compensation. 3 0 Temperature Compensation TC Fine adjustment of Sensitivity Temperature Compensation. 5 0 Linearization adjustment of the Sensitivity Temperature Compensation. 6 0 † 2nd Order Temperature TC2 Compensations Table 7: Programmable Parameters † Melexis parameter adjusted at final test. Not included in redundant area of the EEPROM. †† 12.1. Output Quiescent Voltage (VOQ) Two parameters, AGND and OFFSET, are used for adjustment of the VOQ. The AGND is a 10 bit parameter for coarse adjustment of VOQ. It has a resolution of approximately 0.014V and a range from 100%VDD to 200%VDD. The OFFSET is a 10 bit parameter with a resolution of approximately -0.005V. The OFFSET parameter is used for fine adjustment of the VOQ, while the AGND parameter is used to set the range. The large adjustable range allows the MLX90251 to be used in an unipolar magnetic system without limiting the output voltage span. The formula below shows how the AGND and OFFSET parameters combine to set the VOQ.  14.25V   5.0V  ∗ AGND  +  − ∗ OFFSET  VOQ = −0.75V +   1023   1023  VDD =5.00V This formula approximates the typical VOQ of the MLX90251. The actual VOQ formula varies slightly from chip to chip. Melexis calibrates the AGND setting during final test so that the VOQ is approximately 50%VDD with OFFSET set to 512. This gives the VOQ a range of 0%VDD to 100%VDD without adjusting the AGND value. The OFFSET parameter is often used to set the offset in the application's output transfer characteristic. 12.2. Thermal VOQ Drift (DRIFT) The Thermal VOQ Drift is tuned using 4 bits. This parameter, DRIFT, is calibrated for each unit by Melexis during final test. The value is set to achieve a VOQ accuracy below 10mV over a temperature span of 25°C to 150°C. This parameter is not used by the end customer. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 9 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 12.3. Sensitivity, Rough Gain and Fine Gain The Sensitivity of the MLX90251 is controlled through parameters linked to dedicated internal amplification stages. The parameter Rough Gain (RG), or pre-amplifier, has 4 bits for adjustment of two stages. The two MSB affect the Differential Input Differential Output (DIDO) stage. The two LSB effect the Differential to Single output (DTS) stage. The gain of both the DIDO and DTS are multiplied to get the total RG. The table below shows the theoretical small signal amplifier gain vs. the parameter RG. The pre-amplifier is chopper stabilized and the refresh frequency is adapted automatically to the RG setting to match the chopper gain-bandwidth product. Rough Gain (MSB LSB) DIDO DTS Gain 00 (00 00) 01 (00 01) 02 (00 10) 03 (00 11) 04 (01 00) 05 (01 01) 06 (01 10) 07 (01 11) 08 (10 00) 09 (10 01) 10 (10 10) 11 (10 11) 12 (11 00) 13 (11 01) 14 (11 10) 15 (11 11) 16 16 16 16 39 39 39 39 82 82 82 82 205 205 205 205 1.0 1.5 2.33 4.0 1.0 1.5 2.33 4.0 1.0 1.5 2.33 4.0 1.0 1.5 2.33 4.0 16 24 37 64 39 59 91 156 82 123 191 328 205 308 477 820 Table 8: MLX90251 Rough Gain Small Signal Amplifier Gain The MLX90251 also has an additional stage, Fine Gain, for fine tuning the Sensitivity. The stage (parameter FG) follows the RG and provides a 10 bit adjustment. The small signal gain of the FG is within 1.0 and 2.5. The RG and FG parameters are adjusted in the application to calibrate the device's sensitivity (gain) and output slope transfer characteristic. The function for the fine gain is given in the following equation: Fine Gain = 1 1 − 0.6 * FG 1023 Note. The one bit parameter INVERT is used to fix the “sign” of the sensitivity. A value of 0 makes the Sensitivity positive and the output voltage increases in response to an increasing South magnetic field. A value of 1 makes the Sensitivity negative and the output voltage decreases in response to an increasing South magnetic field. Refer to section 12.5, Sensitivity Polarity, for more information on INVERT. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 10 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 12.4. Sensitivity Range Selection Each unit is characterized over temperature during final test to optimize its performance and accuracy. To achieve the best possible Sensitivity Temperature Compensation, TempCo, each unit is optimized for use within a specific Sensitivity range. This is represented in the ordering information by the option code. There are four available ranges, option codes 0, 1, 2 and 3. The option code corresponds with the two MSB of the RG parameter. Each device is tested to meet the TempCo specification in the Sensitivity range determined by the RG parameter (RG = 0...3, RG = 4…7, RG = 8…11 or RG = 12…15), regardless of the FG parameter. Option Code Rough Gain xxx-000 xxx-100 xxx-200 xxx-300 0-3 (00 xx) 4-7 (01 xx) 8-11 (10 xx) 12-15 (11 xx) Sensitivity Range (mV/mT) 2.6 < S < 15 10 < S < 35 18 < S < 90 50 < S < 210 Typical Magnetic Field Range (mT, BMAX - BMIN) 333 < B < 800 156 < B < 333 62 < B < 156 6 < B < 62 Table 9: Optimized Sensitivity Range (Rough Gain = RG) The next figures show the typical Sensitivity versus the FG and RG parameters. The gray areas are representative of the chip to chip dispersion (i.e.: for the same RG and FG parameters, the Sensitivity can vary from chip to chip). There is a large overlap between the different ranges for use of one range for applications with large magnetic and/or mechanical dispersions. The Sensitivity graphs and tables can be used to select the right device type for the application. If one is unsure of the applications magnetic design and the desired Sensitivity range Melexis recommends option code 2. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 11 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet Figures 10.4-1…10.4-4 Sensitivity versus RG and FG, The first (bold) digit in Table 9 is the sensitivity range. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 12 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 12.5. Sensitivity Polarity (INVERT) The slope transfer characteristic defines the Sensitivity. The INVERT parameter changes the Sensitivity's polarity, or the slope's direction. This allows the device to accommodate the application requirements and the magnet's polarity. The slope is inverted in the first stage of the IC, at the Hall plate. With INVERT set to 0, the output voltage increases when an increasing South magnetic field is applied and decreases in the presence of an increasing North magnetic field. An INVERT value of 1 causes the output voltage to increase in the presence of a North magnetic field and decrease in the presence of a South magnetic field. The magnetic field polarity is referenced to the field component perpendicular to the top-face of the MLX90251. 12.6. Clamping Levels (CLAMPLOW, CLAMPHIGH) Two independent values, called the clamping levels, can limit the output voltage range or swing. The CLAMPLOW parameter adjusts the minimum output voltage level, ClampLo. The CLAMPHIGH sets the maximum output voltage level, ClampHi. Both parameters have 10 bits of adjustment with a resolution of approximately 0.005V. The formulas below give a close approximation of the output clamp voltage. The actual clamping level formulas vary slightly from chip to chip. If CLAMPLOW exceeds CLAMPHIGH the output voltage is fixed at the high clamp voltage level. The CLAMPHIGH and CLAMPLOW have an initial value of 512, set by Melexis. This results in a fixed output voltage of approximately 50% VDD. ClampLo = 5.10V ∗ CLAMPLOW 1023 V DD = 5.00V ClampHi = 5.10V ∗ CLAMPHIGH 1023 V DD = 5.00V At the point the output voltage switches between the linear operating region and the clamping region the output can deviate slightly. This is represented by the grey areas in the figure below. The limits for deviation in the Y axis are listed in Table 10. The deviation in the X axis is calculated from the application's transfer function. The Clamp Comparator Offset does not affect the output linearity or clamp voltage accuracy. During calibration it is recommended to set the clamp voltage outside of the transition region (0V to 5V). VOUT CLAMP HIGH Linear Operating Region CLAMP LOW Transition Point FIELD Figure 10.6 Output Voltage Clamping Deviation REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 13 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet DC operating parameters at VDD = 5V (unless otherwise specified) and for TA as specified by the temperature range (E or L). Parameter Symbol Clamp Comparator Offset CLAMPOFF Test Conditions Min Typical - 0.7 Max Units + 0.7 %VDD Table 10: Clamp Comparator Offset Specification 12.7. Filter (FILTER) The MLX90251 includes two programmable low-pass filters located within the chopper amplifier stages. The two low-pass filters are controlled through a 4 bit parameter, FILTER. The FILTER value 0 corresponds to minimum filtering, maximum speed (impulse response time), and maximum output noise. The value 15 provides the maximum filtering, minimum speed, and minimum output noise. It is important to note the noise is also linked to the gain settings. The FILTER parameter needs to be adjusted to achieve optimal performance. The next table shows typical values the cut-off frequency at -3 dB versus FILTER and RG parameters. FILTER values from 8 to 11 are not used. For most applications FILTER values 7 or 15 are recommended. Cut-off frequency at -3 dB (Hz) – Typical Filter 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 MLX90251-000 Rough Gain 0…3 22900 19500 12300 10400 7450 5850 5700 5050 2200 1000 920 800 MLX90251-100 Rough Gain 4…7 14300 11450 10000 6750 3900 2900 2700 2550 840 480 380 330 MLX90251-200 Rough Gain 8…11 7000 5550 3000 2100 1500 1125 1350 1380 Not used Not used Not used Not used 565 470 290 250 MLX90251-300 Rough Gain 12…15 3850 2950 2300 1100 850 860 715 650 250 190 155 135 Table 11: Cut-off Frequency versus FILTER and RG Parameters REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 14 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 12.8. Sensitivity Temperature Compensation (TC, TCW, TC2) The change in the device's Sensitivity versus temperature is defined as the Sensitivity Temperature Compensation, TempCo. In an application the slope output transfer characteristic is often affected by temperature. Fluctuations in temperature can cause variations in the air gap, mechanical alignment and magnetic field. The Sensitivity Temperature Compensation feature compensates for these effects. Three parameters, TC, TCW, TC2 are used for adjustment of the TempCo. The TCW is used to adjust the TempCo range, TC is for fine adjustment of the TempCo value, and TC2 effects the TempCo linear response. To simplify use of these parameters Melexis stores a look up table within the EEPROM of each device. The look up table is optimized for each device by characterizing the unit over temperature at final test. The value of TempCo is often determined by the magnet. In the application the TempCo is adjusted to compensate for the temperature coefficient of the magnet. To adjust the value the look up table is read from the device. The parameters are then calculated to match the desired value. The Melexis PTC hardware and software tools contain built in functions for programming the TempCo. TempCo Range (ppm / °C) Accuracy (ppm / °C) 0 to 500 500 to 1200 1200 to 2000 ± 100 ± 150 ± 200 Table 12: TempCo Accuracy Note: The budget error of the whole system, the compensation mismatch (system Vs. IC) tolerance should be taken into consideration during the design. Table 11 is valid for Rough Gain within the specified option code. See section 12.4 for information on selecting the option code. 12.9. Diagnostic Output Level (FAULTLEV) The MLX90251 EEPROM memory content is secured through a parity check. This self-diagnostic feature brings the output to a defined range in case of a parity error. The parameter, FAULTLEV, is used to define the parity error diagnostic state. With the FAULTLEV set to 0 a parity error event will result in an output diagnostic voltage low. With the FAULTLEV set to 1 a parity error event will result in an output diagnostic voltage high. To get rid of the output load influence the output diagnostic voltage level can be fixed to either Ground (to be used with pull-down load) or VDD (to be used with pull-up load). Melexis PTC software and hardware tools have built in functions for calculating and programming the parity. Note: The MLX90251 EEPROM is also redundant. Each parameter bit is written in three separate cells and a “majority voting” is applied to determine its status. A parity error is detected only if two out of the three cells unexpectedly change state. The bits available for the customer ID are not redundant. 12.10. The EEPROM, Parity, and Melexis CRC The memory cells of the EEPROM are arranged in a table of four columns and one hundred twenty eight rows. This configuration gives redundancy to the parameters stored in the EEPROM. Each REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 15 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet parameter bit is written in three separate cells in an individual row. A majority voting applied to the three cells determines the logic status of the bit. A parameter bit only toggles state in error if two out of three memory cells, within a row, unexpectedly change. If this happens the feature, PARITY, forces the output voltage to the FAULTLEV diagnostic level. This ensures the device does not operate with a critical memory fault. The remaining memory cells are used for data storage. The status of these cells does not effect the device operation. For example the Customer ID, CUSTID, is stored in this area. Melexis stores the device ID information, TempCo look-up table and CRC bits in the extra cells. The CRC bits ensure the integrity of the Melexis data. Note: To avoid parity and CRC errors, the entire contents of the EEPROM must be read before programming. Melexis PTC software and hardware tools have built in functions for reading the EEPROM and handling parity. 12.11. Output Amplifier Configuration (MODE) The output buffer can be configured to accommodate capacitive loads and improve the saturation voltage (output swing). The two bit parameter, MODE, sets the current capacity of the output amplifier. Melexis sets this parameter to 1 at final test. This parameter is not used by the end customer. 12.12. Memory Lock (MEMLOCK) The Memory Lock feature prevents the device from entering programming mode and from any changes to the EEPROM. The entire EEPROM is locked by setting the MEMLOCK parameter to 1. This should be the last parameter set in the application. 12.13. IC traceability A unique ID number is programmed into the EEPROM of every IC. The ID number gives Melexis additional traceability to better service its customers. The ID number is composed of the lot number, wafer number, and wafer coordinates (X and Y). Memory is also available for the customer to add a serial number of the product or any other data. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 16 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 13. Performance Graphs Typical I DD VS VDD Typical I DD VS VDDNOM 60 8.5 8 Over Voltage 40 V DDNOM 7.5 Under Voltage 20 6.5 DD (mA) 0 -20 I I DD (mA) 7 6 -40 5.5 150°C -40°C 25°C -60 -80 -10 0 10 20 150°C -40°C 25°C 5 30 4.5 4 VDD (Volts) 4.5 5 5.5 VDD (Volts) Figure 11-1…11-2 IDD Versus VDD REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 17 / 22 6 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 14. Applications Information 14.1. Application Circuits – VA-package Pin 2, TEST, is not used in applications. For EMC protection it is recommended to connect pin 2 to pin 3, Ground, as close as possible to the device pins. The values for capacitors, C1 and C2, can be adjusted to satisfy ESD and EMC requirements according to the environment. Ceramic capacitors are recommended for use in the application. However for stable operation, the global output capacitor (C2 + C3) should not be higher than 150nF. If higher capacitors (due to special ESD or EMC requirements) or special circuit configurations are requested, please contact Melexis. The MLX90251 can operate with a high impedance load and C2, a load resistor is not required. VDD VDD MLX90251 1 2 3 MLX90251 A/D µC 4 1 2 3 R 10k 4 VOUT C1 100nF VOUT C3 C2 100nF A/D µC 4.7nF GND R 10k C1 C2 C3 100nF 100nF GND 4.7nF Pull-Down Load Pull-Up Load Figures 12.1-1…12.1-2 Application Circuits A voltage of 9V is required on VDD for programming. All additional components connected to VDD must be able to withstand the voltage. The MLX90251 is designed for operation with a stable 5V supply. If fast voltage transients occur additional filtering may be required. 14.2. Programming the Sensor To program the MLX90251 connection to VDD, GND, and VOUT is required. The device is placed into program mode by increasing the supply voltage to the VDD program level. In program mode data is clocked into the device through the output pin using the Melexis tri-level PTC protocol. The clock and data are integrated into one serial data stream, eliminating the need for a dedicated clock signal. The data is clocked at the leading edge of each bit. 5.0V VOUT Program Wave Form 2.5V 0V 9.0V VDD Program Device Decoded Clock 5.0V Device Decoded Data Figure 12.2-1 VDD Programming Level REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 X 1 X 0 X Figure 12.2-2 Tri-Level PTC Page 18 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet Note: External capacitors and resistors will affect the rise and fall times for the programming waveforms. Program pulse timings may require adjustment for the application. The device cannot be programmed if MEMLOCK equals 1. The EEPROM contents can be read from the device. This procedure, known as a read back, is done by sending a read command and then measuring the supply current. To successfully read the EEPROM it must be possible to measure the supply current to the device. The Melexis PTC hardware and software tools contain built in functions for reading the EEPROM. The MLX90251 can be programmed by using the PTC-04 programmer and the dedicated software tools. The timing and voltage levels are controlled through the programming hardware and software. Further details can be found in the MLX90251 software documentation. 14.3. Calibration Procedure The programmable features of the device allow for calibration within the application. This section gives general information for a two point calibration procedure. The two point calibration is the most common however, it is possible to adapt other procedures. 1.) The first step in the calibration procedure is to initialize the device. This is done by establishing communication and reading the contents of the EEPROM. 2.) The second step is to set the TempCo and FILTER settings. 3.) Step three is the evaluation of position one. During this step the output voltage is measured with initial values for RG, FG and OFFSET. 4.) Step four is the evaluation of position two. During this step, the output voltage is measured with the same values from step 3. From the measurements it is possible to calculate the slope and offset error. Next the output slope transfer characteristic versus FG and RG is interpolated. With this information the initial settings are adjusted and the output voltage is measured again. 5.) Step five is the final check and adjustment. At this stage small corrections are made to the OFFSET and FG parameters. Next, the output clamping parameters, CLAMPHIGH and CLAMPLOW, are determined. 6.) The sixth step is the program phase. Now that all the parameters are determined and the application requirements are satisfied, the settings are programmed into the EEPROM. 7.) The final step, seven, is the lock and verify step. Here the customer can perform any number of additional measurements and verify the EEPROM contents. After this is completed the MEMLOCK is set and the EEPROM is locked, preventing any further programming. Note: EEPROM verification is done by reading the contents of the EEPROM and comparing it to the data written. It is possible to read the EEPROM contents regardless of the status of MEMLOCK. The Melexis PTC software tools contain built in functions and procedures for calibrating the MLX90251. Please refer to the software documentation for more information on how to use the calibration tools. The output of the MLX90251 is ratiometric. To avoid calibration errors from fluctuations in the supply voltage, the output voltage should be measured as a percentage of the supply voltage. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 19 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 15. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solder ability and moisture sensitivity level according to standards in place in Semiconductor industry. For further details about test method references and for compliance verification of selected soldering method for product integration, Melexis recommends reviewing on our web site the General Guidelines soldering recommendation. For all soldering technologies deviating from the one mentioned in above document (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc), additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. For package technology embedding trim and form post-delivery capability, Melexis recommends to consult the dedicated trim & form recommendation application note: lead trimming and forming recommendations Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/en/quality-environment 16. ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 20 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 17. Package Information  VA-package: the lead-free VA-package is released for MSL1/245°C. 17.1. VA Package Outline and Hall Plate Position Hall Plate Position REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Marking Instructions Page 21 / 22 MLX90251 Programmable Linear Hall Effect Sensor Datasheet 18. Contact For the latest version of this document, go to our website at www.melexis.com. For additional information, please contact our Direct Sales team and get help for your specific needs: Europe, Africa Telephone: +32 13 67 04 95 Email : sales_europe@melexis.com Americas Telephone: +1 603 223 2362 Email : sales_usa@melexis.com Asia Email : sales_asia@melexis.com 19. Disclaimer The content of this document is believed to be correct and accurate. However, the content of this document is furnished "as is" for informational use only and no representation, nor warranty is provided by Melexis about its accuracy, nor about the results of its implementation. Melexis assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this document. Customer will follow the practices contained in this document under its sole responsibility. This documentation is in fact provided without warranty, term, or condition of any kind, either implied or expressed, including but not limited to warranties of merchantability, satisfactory quality, non-infringement, and fitness for purpose. Melexis, its employees and agents and its affiliates' and their employees and agents will not be responsible for any loss, however arising, from the use of, or reliance on this document. Notwithstanding the foregoing, contractual obligations expressly undertaken in writing by Melexis prevail over this disclaimer. This document is subject to change without notice, and should not be construed as a commitment by Melexis. Therefore, before placing orders or prior to designing the product into a system, users or any third party should obtain the latest version of the relevant information. 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In particular, the recipient shall (i) hold document in confidence with at least the same degree of care by which it maintains the confidentiality of its own proprietary and confidential information, but no less than reasonable care; (ii) restrict the disclosure of the document solely to its employees for the purpose for which this document was received, on a strictly need to know basis and providing that such persons to whom the document is disclosed are bound by confidentiality terms substantially similar to those in this disclaimer; (iii) use the document only in connection with the purpose for which this document was received, and reproduce document only to the extent necessary for such purposes; (iv) not use the document for commercial purposes or to the detriment of Melexis or its customers. The confidentiality obligations set forth in this disclaimer will have indefinite duration and in any case they will be effective for no less than 10 years from the receipt of this document. This disclaimer will be governed by and construed in accordance with Belgian law and any disputes relating to this disclaimer will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Brussels, Belgium. The invalidity or ineffectiveness of any of the provisions of this disclaimer does not affect the validity or effectiveness of the other provisions. The previous versions of this document are repealed. Melexis © - No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written consent of Melexis. (2021) IATF 16949 and ISO 14001 Certified REVISION 016 – 25 JUN 2021 3901090251 Page 22 / 22