MLX90378GDC-ABJ-300-RE 数据手册
MLX90378 - Triaxis® Position Processor
Datasheet
Features and Benefits
Triaxis Hall Technology
On Chip Signal Processing for Robust
Absolute Position Sensing
ISO26262 ASIL-C capable, Safety Element out
of Context (SEooC)
Input / Gateway Pin for External
Measurement
Programmable Measurement Range
Programmable Linear Transfer Characteristic
(4 Multi-points per axis)
Dual PWM Output
Selectable PWM or (fast) SENT Outputs
SAE J2716 APR2016 SENT
Enhanced serial data communication
48 bit ID Number option
Single Die - SOIC-8 Package RoHS Compliant
Dual Die – TSSOP-16 Package RoHS Compliant
SOIC-8
TSSOP-16
Description
The MLX90378 is a monolithic magnetic position
processor IC designed for 3D motion applications
(e.g. joysticks). It consists of a Triaxis® Hall
magnetic front end, an analog to digital signal
conditioner, a DSP for advanced signal processing
and a dual output stage driver capable of
providing two PWM outputs or a single SENT
output with two channels.
The MLX90378 is sensitive to the three
components of the magnetic flux density applied
to the IC (i.e. Bx, By and Bz). This allows the
MLX90378 with the correct magnetic circuit to
decode the absolute position of any moving
magnet. It enables the design of non-contacting
3D position sensors that are frequently required
for both automotive and industrial applications.
The MLX90378 provides output data according to
the SENT protocol or via two PWM signals. The
SENT frames can be encoded in a variety of
formats (e.g. H.1 format). Additionally, the SENT
protocol allows for external measurements, error
codes, and user defined values. The two PWM
(Pulse Width Modulated) signals correspond to
the joystick angle.
VDD
INPUT
Application Examples
Ext. Signal
Automotive Shift Levers
Industrial Joysticks
Transmission Position Sensors
PWM
Meas.
Analog
Regulator
Digital
Regulator
Output Stage 1
DSP
Temp Sensor
12 bit SENT
MUX
Rev. Pol &
Overvolt Prot.
VDEC
Tria xis®
G
VX
VY
VZ
RAM
NVRAM
ADC
OUT 1
12 bit PWM
µC
Output Stage 2
OUT 2
12 bit PWM
ROM - Firmware
VSS
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Datasheet
Ordering Information
Temp.
Package
Option Code
Packing
Form
MLX90378
G
DC
ABJ-300
RE
3D / Joystick position
MLX90378
G
GO
ABJ-300
RE
3D / Joystick position
Product
Definition
Table 1 - Ordering Codes
Temperature Code:
G: from -40°C to 160°C
Package Code:
DC: SOIC-8 package (see 18.1)
GO: TSSOP-16 package (redundant dual die, see 18.5)
Option Code:
ABJ-123
1: Application - Magnetic configuration
3: 3D / Joystick position
2: SW configuration
For SOIC-8 (code DC) and TSSOP-16 (code GO) packages
0: SENT 3µs mode
Option Code
3: N/A
0: Default
Packing Form:
-RE : Tape & Reel
DC: 3000 pcs / reel
GO: 4500 pcs / reel
Ordering Example:
MLX90378GGO-ABJ-300-RE
For a dual die standard version delivered in tape and reel packaging.
Table 2 - Ordering Codes Information
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Contents
Features and Benefits ..................................................................................................................... 1
Application Examples ...................................................................................................................... 1
Description..................................................................................................................................... 1
Ordering Information ..................................................................................................................... 2
1. Functional Diagram and Application Modes ................................................................................. 6
2. Glossary of Terms ....................................................................................................................... 7
3. Pin Definitions and Descriptions .................................................................................................. 8
3.1. Pin Definition for SOIC-8 package ............................................................................................ 8
3.2. Pin Definition for TSSOP-16 package ....................................................................................... 8
4. Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................................................................................... 9
5. Isolation Specification ................................................................................................................. 9
6. General Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................ 10
6.1. Supply System Electrical Specifications ................................................................................. 10
6.2. Output Electrical Specifications ............................................................................................. 11
6.3. Input Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................ 11
7. Timing Specification .................................................................................................................. 12
7.1. General Timing Specifications ............................................................................................... 12
7.2. Timing Modes ........................................................................................................................ 12
7.2.1. Continuous Asynchronous Acquisition Mode .................................................................. 12
7.2.2. Continuous Synchronous Acquisition Mode .................................................................... 13
7.3. Timing Definitions .................................................................................................................. 14
7.3.1. Startup Time .................................................................................................................... 14
7.3.2. Latency (average) ............................................................................................................. 15
7.3.3. Step Response (worst case) ............................................................................................. 16
7.4. PWM timing specifications .................................................................................................... 17
7.5. SENT timing specifications ..................................................................................................... 17
8. Magnetic Field Specifications .................................................................................................... 19
8.1. Standard Joystick Mode ......................................................................................................... 19
9. Accuracy Specifications ............................................................................................................. 20
9.1. Definition ............................................................................................................................... 20
9.2. Standard Mode Nominal Performances ................................................................................ 20
9.3. Standard Mode Limited Performances .................................................................................. 21
10. Memory Specifications ............................................................................................................ 22
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11. Digital output protocol ............................................................................................................ 23
11.1. PWM (pulse width modulation) ........................................................................................... 23
11.1.1. Definition ....................................................................................................................... 23
11.1.2. PWM performances ....................................................................................................... 23
11.2. Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) SAE J2716 ............................................................ 24
11.2.1. Sensor message definition ............................................................................................. 24
11.2.2. Sensor message frame contents .................................................................................... 25
11.2.3. SENT message format for dual angle output (standard Joystick mode) ........................ 25
11.2.4. SENT message format for XYZ output (magnetometer mode) ...................................... 25
11.2.5. SENT message format for angle and input/gateway measurement .............................. 27
11.2.6. Start-up behaviour ......................................................................................................... 27
11.2.7. SENT Timing configuration ............................................................................................. 28
11.2.8. Serial message channel (slow channel).......................................................................... 29
11.2.9. Serial Message Error Code ............................................................................................. 31
11.2.10. SENT configuration shorthand definition .................................................................... 32
12. End-User Programmable Items ................................................................................................ 33
12.1. End User Identification Items .............................................................................................. 38
13. Description of End-User Programmable Items ......................................................................... 39
13.1. Output Configuration .......................................................................................................... 39
13.1.1. Channel Selection .......................................................................................................... 39
13.1.2. OUT mode (ABE_OUT_MODE) ....................................................................................... 39
13.1.3. Digital OUT protocol (PROTOCOL) ................................................................................. 40
13.1.4. Serial Channel Configuration - Status and Communication Nibble................................ 40
13.1.5. Pushbutton Output ........................................................................................................ 40
13.1.6. PWM Output Mode ....................................................................................................... 41
13.2. Angular Calculation Formula ............................................................................................... 41
13.2.1. Standard Formula (NV_ENHFORM)................................................................................ 41
13.2.2. Enhanced Formula ......................................................................................................... 41
13.3. Output Transfer Characteristic ............................................................................................ 42
13.3.1. CW (Clockwise) Parameter ............................................................................................ 43
13.3.2. Discontinuity Point (or Zero Degree Point) .................................................................... 43
13.3.3. 4-Pts LNR Parameters .................................................................................................... 43
13.3.4. CLAMPING Parameters .................................................................................................. 44
13.4. Sensor Front-End ................................................................................................................. 45
13.4.1. SENSING MODE (NV_DSP_CHANNEL_MAPXYZ) ............................................................. 45
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13.4.2. GAINMIN and GAINMAX Parameters ............................................................................. 45
13.5. External input and switch .................................................................................................... 46
13.6. Filter .................................................................................................................................... 48
13.6.1. Exponential Moving Average (IIR) Filter ........................................................................ 48
13.6.2. FIR Filters ....................................................................................................................... 48
13.7. Programmable Diagnostics Settings .................................................................................... 49
13.7.1. Diagnostics Global Enable .............................................................................................. 49
13.7.2. Diagnostic Debouncer .................................................................................................... 49
13.7.3. Over/Under Temperature Diagnostic ............................................................................ 50
13.7.4. Field Strength Diagnostic ............................................................................................... 51
13.7.5. PWM Diagnostic ............................................................................................................. 51
14. Functional Safety .................................................................................................................... 52
14.1. Safety Manual ...................................................................................................................... 52
14.2. Safety Mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 52
15. Recommended Application Diagrams ...................................................................................... 56
15.1. Wiring with the MLX90378 in SOIC-8 Package .................................................................... 56
15.2. Wiring with the MLX90378 in TSSOP-16 Package ................................................................ 57
15.3. Wiring for Switch Button function ....................................................................................... 58
16. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different
soldering processes .................................................................................................................. 59
17. ESD Precautions ...................................................................................................................... 59
18. Package Information ............................................................................................................... 60
18.1. SOIC-8 - Package Dimensions .............................................................................................. 60
18.2. SOIC-8 - Pinout and Marking ............................................................................................... 61
18.3. SOIC-8 – Sensitive spot positioning ..................................................................................... 61
18.4. SOIC-8 – Angle detection ..................................................................................................... 62
18.5. TSSOP-16 - Package Dimensions .......................................................................................... 63
18.6. TSSOP-16 - Pinout and Marking ........................................................................................... 64
18.7. TSSOP-16 – Sensitive spot positioning................................................................................. 64
18.8. TSSOP-16 - Angle Detection................................................................................................. 65
18.9. Packages Thermal Performances ......................................................................................... 65
19. Contact .................................................................................................................................. 66
20. Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................. 66
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1. Functional Diagram and Application Modes
VDD
INPUT
VDEC
Rev. Pol &
Overvolt Prot.
Ext. Signal
PWM
Meas.
Analog
Regulator
Digital
Regulator
Output Stage 1
DSP
Temp Sensor
MUX
12 bit SENT
Tria xis®
RAM
NVRAM
ADC
G
VX
VY
VZ
OUT 1
12 bit PWM
µC
Output Stage 2
OUT 2
12 bit PWM
ROM - Firmware
VSS
Figure 1 – MLX90378 Block Diagram
Ball and Socket Joystick
Gimbal Joystick
Figure 2 – Application Modes
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2. Glossary of Terms
Name
Description
ADC
Analog-to-Digital Converter
AoU
Assumption of Use
ASP
Analog Signal Processing
AWD
Absolute Watchdog
CPU
Central Processing Unit
CRC
Cyclic Redundancy Check
%DC
Duty Cycle of the output signal i.e. T ON /(TON + TOFF)
DCC
Data Consistency Check
DP
Discontinuity Point
DCT
Diagnostic Cycle Time
DSP
Digital Signal Processing
ECC
Error Correcting Code
EMA
Exponential Moving Average
EMC
Electro-Magnetic Compatibility
EoL
End of Line
FC
Frame Control
FIR
Finite Impulse Response
Gauss (G)
Alternative unit for the magnetic flux density (10G = 1mT)
HW
Hardware
IMC
Integrated Magnetic Concentrator
INL/DNL
Integral Non-Linearity / Differential Non-Linearity
IWD
Intelligent Watchdog
LSB/MSB
Least Significant Bit / Most Significant Bit
NC
Not Connected
(NV)RAM
(Non-Volatile) Random Access Memory
POR
Power On Reset
PSF
Product Specific Functions
PWL
Piecewise Linear
PWM
Pulse Width Modulation
ROM
Read-Only Memory
SEooC
Safety Element out of Context
TC
Temperature Coefficient (in ppm/°C)
Tesla (T)
SI derived unit for the magnetic flux density (Vs/m2)
Table 3 - Glossary of Terms
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3. Pin Definitions and Descriptions
3.1. Pin Definition for SOIC-8 package
Pin #
Name
Description
1
VDD
Supply
2
Input
For test or application
3
OUT2
Second output
4
Test
For test or application
5
OUT1
First output
6
VSS
Digital ground
7
VDEC
Decoupling pin
8
VSS
Analog ground
Table 4 - SOIC-8 Pins definition and description
Pins Input and Test are internally grounded but for optimal EMC behaviour always connect the unused
pins to the ground of the PCB.
3.2. Pin Definition for TSSOP-16 package
Pin #
Die
Name
Description
1
1
VDEC
Decoupling pin
2
1
VSS
Analog ground
3
1
VDD
Supply
4
1
Input
For test or application
5
1
OUT2
Second output
6
2
Test
For test or application
7
2
OUT1
First output
8
2
VSS
Digital ground
9
2
VDEC
Decoupling pin
10
2
VSS
Analog ground
11
2
VDD
Supply
12
2
Input
For test or application
13
2
OUT2
Second output
14
1
Test
For test or application
15
1
OUT1
First output
16
1
VSS
Digital ground
Table 5 - TSSOP-16 Pins definition and description
Pins Input and Test are internally grounded but for optimal EMC behaviour always connect the unused
pins to the ground of the PCB.
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4. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter
Symbol
Supply Voltage
Reverse Voltage Protection
Max
Unit
VDD
28
V
< 48h ; T j < 175°C
VDD
37
V
< 60s ; TAMB < 35°C
-14
V
< 48h
VDD-rev
-20
V
< 1h
V
< 48h
V
< 48h
VOUT
Reverse Output Voltage
VOUT-rev
28
-14
VDEC
VDEC-rev
Positive Input pin Voltage
VInput
Reverse Input pin Voltage
VInput-rev
Test pin Voltage
3.6
-0.3
-3
-0.3
TAMB
-40
V
V
3.6
VTEST-rev
V
V
6
VTEST
Operating Temperature
Condition
VDD-rev
Positive Output Voltage
Internal Voltage
Min
V
V
+160
°C
+175
°C
Junction Temperature
TJ
Storage Temperature
TST
-55
+170
°C
Magnetic Flux Density
Bmax
-1
1
T
see 18.9 for package thermal
dissipation values
Table 6 - Absolute maximum ratings
Exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage.
Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
5. Isolation Specification
Only valid for the TSSOP-16 package (code GO, i.e. dual die version).
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
Risol
4
-
-
MΩ
Between dice, measured between
VSS1 and VSS2 with +/-20V bias
Isolation Resistance
Table 7 – Isolation specification
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6. General Electrical Specifications
General electrical specifications are valid for temperature range -40°C to 160°C and supply voltage range
4.5V to 5.5V unless otherwise specified.
6.1. Supply System Electrical Specifications
Electrical Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Supply Voltage
VDD
4.5
5
5.5
V
For voltage regulated mode
Supply Voltage Battery
VDD
6
12
18
V
For Battery usage (2)
Supply Current (1)
IDD
8.0
9.0
10.5
mA
Surge Current
Condition
Startup current (without
capacitor charge transient, t startup
< 40µs)
Isurge
-
30
40
mA
VDDstartH
3.95
4.1
4.25
V
First valid SENT w/o diag bit
(supply monitor)
VDDstartHyst
150
200
250
mV
Last valid SENT w/o diag bit
(supply monitor)
VPROV0
7.10
7.35
7.60
V
VPROV0Hyst
400
500
600
mV
PTC Entry Level (rising)
VPROV1
21.5
22.5
23.5
V
For Battery usage (2)
Under voltage
detection
VDDUVL
3.75
3.90
4.05
V
Supply voltage low threshold
First SENT frame
VDDUVHyst
150
200
250
mV
Supply voltage low threshold
Last SENT frame
VDEC
3.2
3.3
3.4
V
Internal analog voltage
Regulated Voltage over
voltage detection
VDECOVH
3.65
3.75
3.85
V
High threshold
Regulated Voltage
under voltage detection
VDECUVL
2.70
2.85
2.92
V
Low threshold
Regulated Voltage UV /
OV detection hysteresis
VDECOVHyst
VDECUVHyst
100
150
200
mV
Power-On reset (rising)
VPOR
1.585
1.680
1.735
V
VPORHyst
30
100
200
mV
Start-up Level (rising)
Start-up Hysteresis
PTC Entry Level (rising)
PTC Entry Level
Hysteresis
Under voltage
detection hysteresis
Regulated Voltage
Power-On reset
Hysteresis
Supply overvoltage detection in
5V applications (2)
Refers to internal digital voltage
Vdig
Table 8 - Supply System Electrical Specifications
1
For the dual die version, the supply current is multiplied by 2.
2
Selection between 5V or battery applications is done using WARM_ACT_HIGH parameter. See chapter. 12
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6.2. Output Electrical Specifications
Electrical Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
Output Short Circuit
Current(3)
IOUTshortPp
-25
8
-10
15
mA
Push-pull mode
VOUT = 0 V
VOUT = 5 V / 18V
Output Short Circuit
Current
IOUTshortOd
40
90
mA
Open Drain mode V OUT = 5V
RL
3
kΩ
PWM pull-up to 5V,
PWM pull-down to 0V
RL
10
-
55
kΩ
SENT pull-up
VsatLoPp
0
1
2
%VDD
RL ≥ 10kΩ
5
%VDD
RL ≥ 3kΩ, pull-up to 5V
100
%VDD
RL ≥ 10kΩ
%VDD
RL ≥ 3kΩ, pull-down
%Vext
Pull-up to any external voltage
Vext ≤ 18V, IL ≤ 3.4mA
100
%VDD
Pull-down to GND with any
supply voltage V DD ≤ 18V, IL ≤
3.4mA
100
Ω
Push-pull mode
Output Load
Digital push-pull output
level
Digital open drain output
level
VsatLoPp
VsatHiPp
98
VsatHiPp
95
VsatLoOd
0
VsatHiOd
90
Ron
27
Digital output Ron
99
10
50
Table 9 - Output Electrical Specifications
6.3. Input Electrical Specifications
Electrical Parameter
Symbol
Input Voltage range
Min
Typ
-1.5
Max
Unit
5.0
V
Condition
Table 10 – Input Electrical Specifications
3
Output current limitation triggers after a typical delay of 3µs.
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7. Timing Specification
Timing specifications are valid for temperature range -40°C to 160°C and supply voltage range 4.5V to
5.5V unless otherwise specified.
7.1. General Timing Specifications
Parameter
Symbol
Min.
Typ
Max.
Unit
Condition
FCK
22.8
24
25.2
MHz
Including thermal and lifetime
drift
Main Clock initial
tolerances
ΔFCK,0
23.75
24
24.25
MHz
T=35°C
Main Clock Frequency
Thermal Drift
ΔFCK,T
-2
-
2
%Fck
Relative to 35°C
1MHz Clock Frequency
F1M
0.95
1
1.05
MHz
Intelligent Watchdog
Timeout
TIWD
19
20
21
ms
FCK = 24MHz
Absolute Watchdog
Timeout
TAWD
19
2
21
0
ms
F1M = 1MHz
Main Clock Frequency
Analog Diagnostics DCT
DCTANA
Digital Diagnostics DCT
DCTDIG
Fail Safe state duration
TFSS
28.4
34
Tangle-
17
Tframe
Sync. Mode, NangFram=2
34
Tframe
Sync. Mode, NangFram=1
32
Meas
Asynchronous mode (7.2.1)
22
ms
see Functional Safety, section
14.2
34.6
ms
For digital single-event faults
Table 11 - General Timing Specifications
7.2. Timing Modes
The MLX90378 can be configured in two continuous angle acquisition modes described in the following
sections.
7.2.1. Continuous Asynchronous Acquisition Mode
In this mode, the sensor continuously acquires angles at a fixed rate that is asynchronous with regards to
the output. The acquisition rate is defined by the variable T_ADC_SEQ and defines the angle
measurement period T angleMeas . This mode is used in PWM and SENT without a pause pulse. Even though
PWM is periodic, asynchronous mode is better suited and enables complete filtering options for PWM
signals that are often slow compared to the measurement sequence.
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Figure 3 – Continuous Asynchronous Timing Mode
Parameter
Symbol
Angle acquisition time
TangleAcq
Internal Angle
Measurement Period
TangleMeas
600
846
-
μs
NTframe
282
-
-
ticks
SENT Frame Tick Count
Min.
Typ
Max.
388
Unit
Condition
μs
Typical is default factory
settings (no user control)
Do not modify even for
asynchronous mode
Table 12 - Continuous Asynchronous Timing Mode
7.2.2. Continuous Synchronous Acquisition Mode
In continuous synchronous timing mode, the sensor acquires angles based on the output frequency.
Therefore, the output should have a fixed frame frequency. This mode is used only with constant SENT
frame length (SENT with a pause pulse). The length of the SENT frame is defined by the parameter
T_FRAME, expressed in number of ticks. The user has the choice to select either one or two angle
acquisitions and DSP calculations per frame.
Figure 4 – Continuous Synchronous Timing Mode
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Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
SENT Frame Tick Count
(Normal SENT)
NTframe
370(4)
-
-
ticks
For tick time of 3μs (Normal
SENT) and two angles per frame
SENT Frame Tick Count
(Normal SENT)
NTframe
282(4)
-
-
ticks
For tick time of 3μs (Normal
SENT) and one angle per frame
SENT Frame Tick Count (Fast
SENT)
NTframe
380(4)
-
-
ticks
For tick time of 1.5μs (Fast SENT)
and one angle per frame
SENT Frame Period (Normal)
Tframe
1110(4)
-
-
μs
3μs tick time with pause and two
angles per frame (F CK = 24MHz)
SENT Frame Period (Normal)
Tframe
846(4)
-
-
μs
3μs tick time with pause and one
angle per frame (F CK = 24MHz)
SENT Frame Period (Fast)
Tframe
570(4)
-
-
μs
1.5μs tick time with pause, one
angle per frame (F CK = 24MHz)
NangFram
1
1
2
-
Number of angles per frame
set by TWO_ANGLE_FRAME
parameter
Table 13 - SENT Synchronous Timing Mode Configuration
7.3. Timing Definitions
7.3.1. Startup Time
SENT startup time consists of two values. The first one, T init, is the time needed for the circuit to be ready
to start acquiring an angle. At that time, the IC starts transmitting initialisation frames. The second value,
Tstup, is the time when the first valid angle is transmitted.
For PWM, startup is defined by three values, T stup[1..3] . The first value is reached when the output is ready.
The second one is the start of the first value angle transmission and the third one the moment the first
angle has been transmitted.
4
Minimal timings are only confirmed to work in a specific configuration and may lead to noise degradation. Melexis
recommends typical configuration (factory settings) for safe operation with any end user configuration.
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VDDstartH
Supply Voltage
Tinit
Tstup
SENT output
High-Z
Null Frame
Null Frame
Null Frame
Valid Angle
Valid Angle
Tstup3
Tstup2
Tstup1
Output
Ready
PWM output
High-Z (no drive)
First Sync
Pulse
First Valid Angle
Figure 5 – Start-up Time Definition
7.3.2. Latency (average)
Latency is the average lag between the movement of the detected object (magnet) and the response of
the sensor output.
Figure 6 – Definition of Latency
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7.3.3. Step Response (worst case)
Step response is defined as the delay between a change of position of the magnet and the 100% settling
time of the sensor output with full angle accuracy with regards to filtering. Worst case is happening when
the movement of the magnet occurs just after a measurement sequence has begun. Step response
therefore consists of the sum of:
δmag,measSeq, the delay between magnetic change and start of next measurement sequence
TmeasSeq, the measurement sequence length
δmeasSeq,frameStart, the delay between end of measurement sequence and start of next frame
Tframe, the frame length
For worst case, the measurement sequence length is considered for δmag,measSeq. This gives:
Magnetic step
(input change)
End of SENT/PWM Frame
Output response to
the magnetic step
Complete response
partial response
Measurement
sequence
SENT w
pause
Step Response
PWM
Figure 7 – Step Response Definition
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7.4. PWM timing specifications
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
FPWM
100
1000
2000
Hz
PWM Frequency Initial
Tolerances
ΔFPWM,0
-1.5
1.5
%FPWM
PWM Frequency Thermal
Drift
ΔFPWM,T
-2.0
2.0
%FPWM
PWM Frequency Drift
ΔFPWM
-5.0
5.0
%FPWM
PWM startup Time (up to
output ready)
Tstup1
PWM startup Time (up to
first sync. Edge)
Tstup2
7.40
7.90
16.9
ms
Tstup1 + TPWM
PWM startup Time (up to
first data received)
Tstup3
7.90
8.90
26.9
ms
Tstup1 + 2* TPWM (5)
Rise Time PWM
1.0
4.8
12.0
μs
Fall Time PWM
1.0
4.8
12.0
μs
Typ. with SENT_SLOPE_TRIM=4.
Measured between 1.1V and
3.8V
PWM Frequency
6.90
Condition
T=35°C, can be trimmed at EOL
Over temperature and lifetime
ms
Table 14 - PWM timing specifications
7.5. SENT timing specifications
For different SENT configurations, specifications are valid under the corresponding minimum and typical
conditions of Table 13.
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
1.5
3
6
μs
1.5μs = Fast SENT
3μs = Normal SENT (default)
6μs = Slow SENT
-
2.80
-
ms
Until initialisation frame start
SENT edge rise Time
4.5
6.4
7.7
μs
SENT edge fall Time
3.9
4.8
5.2
μs
for SENT_SLOPE_TRIM=0x24
(see 0)
Tick time
SENT startup time (up to first
sync pulse)
Slow Message cycle length
(enhanced serial 18-bit)
Tinit
360
Tframe
Standard sequence (20
frames), no Bfield
Table 15 - SENT General Timing Specifications
5
First frame transmitted has no synchronization edge; therefore the second frame transmitted is the first complete one.
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Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
For SENT with pause (synchronous), 3μs tick time, 2 angles per SENT frame H.1 format
SENT startup time
Tstup
-
7.50
-
ms
Until first valid angle received
Average Latency
Tlatcy
-
2.02
-
ms
Filter = 1 (FIR11)
TwcStep
-
-
3.31
ms
Filter = 1 (FIR11)
Step Response (worst case)
For SENT with pause (synchronous), 3μs tick time, 1 angle per SENT frame H.1 format (6)
SENT startup time
Tstup
-
6.90
-
ms
Until first valid angle received
Average Latency
Tlatcy
-
1.90
-
ms
Filter = 1 (FIR11)
TwcStep
-
-
2.48
ms
Filter = 1 (FIR11)
Step Response (worst case)
For SENT with pause (synchronous), 1.5μs tick time, 1 angle per SENT frame H.1 format
SENT startup time
Tstup
-
6.70
-
ms
Until first valid angle received
Average Latency
Tlatcy
-
1.48
-
ms
Filter = 1 (FIR11)
TwcStep
-
2.49
ms
Filter = 1 (FIR11)
Step Response (worst case)
Table 16 - Synchronous SENT Mode Timing Specifications
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
For SENT without pause (asynchronous), 3μs tick time, H.1 format (7)
SENT startup time
Tstup
-
7.10
-
ms
Until first valid angle received
Average Latency
Tlatcy
-
2.23
-
ms
Filter = 0 (no filter)
TwcStep
-
-
3.00
ms
Filter = 0 (no filter)
Step Response (worst case)
Table 17 - Asynchronous SENT Mode Timing Specifications
Parameter
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
For SENT with pause (synchronous), 3μs tick time, 1 angle per SENT frame (6)
Input pin for external
measurement Step Response
(worst case)
TwcStep_SB
11
ms
Filter = 0 (no filter)
Table 18 – Input Pin for External Measurement Timing Specification
6
Data based on simulation
7
In asynchronous mode, the latency is defined as an average delay with regards to all possible variations. For worst case, refer
to step response (worst case) values
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8. Magnetic Field Specifications
Magnetic Field specifications are valid for temperature range -40°C to 160°C unless otherwise specified.
8.1. Standard Joystick Mode
Parameter
Number of magnetic poles
Magnetic Flux Density in XY
Magnetic Flux Density in Z
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
NP
-
2
-
Unit
Condition
√
Bx, By
70
mT
Bz
100
mT
√
Useful Magnetic Flux
Density Norm projection per
magnetic component
BNorm
IMC gain(9)
GIMC
10(8)
mT
√
Joystick mode (see 13.4.1 for
sensing mode description)
1.19
Typ is recommended value to
be set by user (see 13.7.4)
Field Too Low Threshold (10)
BTH_LOW
0.4
4.8
7
mT
Field Too High Threshold(10)
BTH_HIGH
70
100(11)
100(11)
mT
Field too low Threshold
code(10)
DIAG_
FIELDTOOLO
W THRES
12
LSB
decimal value
Field too high Threshold
code(10)
DIAG_
FIELDTOOHI
GH THRES
250
LSB
decimal value
Table 19 - Magnetic specifications for Standard application
Nominal performances apply when the useful signal B Norm is above the typical specified limit. Under this
value, limited performances apply. See 9.2 for accuracy specifications.
8
Below 10 mT the performances are degraded due to a reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio, signal-to-offset ratio.
9
IMC has better performance for concentrating in-plane (x-y) field components, resulting in a better overall magnetic sensitivity.
A correction factor, called IMC gain has to be applied to the z field component to account for this difference.
10
Typ. value is recommended by Melexis and shall be set by user, see 13.7.4 for further explanation.
11
Due to the saturation effect of the IMC, the FieldTooHigh monitor detects only defects in the sensors .
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160
Temperature (°C)
Limited
Performances
-40
Nominal
Performances
Typical magnet
characteristic
10
15
20
Norm (mT)
Figure 8 – Minimum useful signal definition for Standard/Legacy application
9. Accuracy Specifications
Accuracy specifications are valid for temperature range -40°C to 160°C and supply voltage range 4.5V to
5.5V unless otherwise specified.
Id
M eal
ea Cu
r
su
re ve
d
Cu
rv
e
Output (%DC, Deg)
9.1. Definition
Noise (pk-pk)
Intrinsic Linearity Error
(LE)
±3σ
Input (Deg.)
Figure 9 – Sensor accuracy definition
9.2. Standard Mode Nominal Performances
Valid before EoL calibration and for all applications under nominal conditions described in section 8.1
(Figure 8) and chapter 6.
The magnetic field definition is the following:
Bx=B*Cos(Alpha)*Sin(Beta)
By=B*Cos(Beta)*Sin(Alpha)
Bz=B*Sin(Beta)*Sin(Alpha)
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Parameter
Symbol
Min
Alpha - Intrinsic Linearity
Error(12)
LE
Beta - Intrinsic Linearity Error (12)
LE
Noise
Typ
Max
Unit
-2.5
2.5
Deg.
-2.5
2.5
Deg.
0.05
0.1
0.05
(13)
Condition
0.1
0.2
0.1
Deg.
Filter = 0, 40mT
Filter = 0, 20mT
Filter = 2
Alpha - Thermal Drift (13)
-0.6
0.6
Deg.
Relative to 35°C (under the
condition of norm projection)
Beta - Thermal Drift (13)
-0.6
0.6
Deg.
Relative to 35°C (under the
condition of norm projection)
0.1
Deg.
20mT
Hysteresis
Table 20 - Standard Mode Nominal Magnetic Performances
9.3. Standard Mode Limited Performances
Valid before EoL calibration and for all applications under limited performances conditions described in
section 8.1 (Figure 8) and chapter 6.
Parameter
Alpha - Intrinsic Linearity
Error(12)
Beta - Intrinsic Linearity Error
(12)
Noise
Symbol
Min
LE
LE
Max
Unit
-2.5
2.5
Deg.
-2.5
2.5
Deg.
0.2
0.14
0.1
Alpha - Thermal Drift
(13)
(13)
Hysteresis
Condition
0.4
0.28
0.2
Deg.
Filter = 0
Filter = 1
Filter = 2
-0.8
0.8
Deg.
Relative to 35°C
-0.8
0.8
Deg.
Relative to 35°C
0.2
Deg.
10mT
(13)
Beta - Thermal Drift
Typ
0.1
Table 21 - Standard Mode Limited Magnetic Performances
12
The Intrinsic Linearity Error refers to the IC itself (offset, sensitivity mismatch, orthogonality) taking into account an ide al
rotating field for Bx and By and B z. Once associated to a practical magnetic construction and the associated mechanical and
magnetic tolerances, the output linearity error increases. However, it can be improved with the multi -point end-user calibration.
13
±3σ
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10. Memory Specifications
Parameter
Symbol
ROM
ROMsize
32
kB
RAM
RAMsize
1024
B
NVRAMsize
256
B
NVRAM
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Note
1-bit parity check (single error
detection)
1-bit parity check (single error
detection)
6 bits ECC (single error correction,
double error detection)
Table 22 - Memory Specifications
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11. Digital output protocol
11.1. PWM (pulse width modulation)
11.1.1. Definition
%Duty Cycle = TON / TPWM
%DC Jitter = JDC = JON / JPWM
TPWM
Output (V)
TON
Jitter on TON
= JON
Jitter on TPWM
= JPWM
Time (s)
Figure 10 – PWM Signal definition
Parameter
Symbol
PWM period
Test Conditions
TPWM
Trigger level = 50% V DD
Rise time, Fall time
trise, tfall
Between 10% and 90% of V DD
Jitter
Jon , JPWM
±3σ for 1000 successive acquisitions with clamped output
Duty Cycle
DC
TON / TPWM
Table 23 - PWM Signal definition
11.1.2. PWM performances
Parameter
PWM Output
Resolution
Symbol
Min
Rpwm
PWM %DC Jitter
JDC
PWM Period Jitter
Jpwm
PWM %DC thermal drift
-
Typ
Max
Unit
Condition
0.024
0.051
%DC/LSB
0.03
%DC
Push-Pull, 2kHz,
CL=4.7nF, RLPU =4.7kΩ
-
300
ns
Push-Pull, 2kHz,
CL=4.7nF, RLPU=4.7kΩ
0.02
0.05
%DC
Push-Pull, 2kHz,
CL=4.7nF, RLPU=4.7kΩ
2kHz. Worst case error for
160°C
Table 24 - PWM Signal Specifications
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11.2. Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) SAE J2716
The MLX90378 provides a digital output signal compliant with SAE J2716 Revised APR2016.
11.2.1. Sensor message definition
The MLX90378 repeatedly transmits a sequence of pulses, corresponding with a sequence of nibbles (4
bits), with the following sequence:
Calibration/Synchronization pulse period 56 clock ticks to determine the time base of the SENT
frame
One 4-bit Status and Serial Communication nibble pulse
A sequence of one up to six 4-bits data nibble pulses representing the values of the signal(s) to be
transmitted. The number of nibbles will be fixed for each application of the encoding scheme (i.e.
Two 12-bit fast channels – H.1)
One 4-bits Checksum nibble pulse
One optional pause pulse
See also SAE J2716 APR2016 for general SENT specification.
Figure 11 – SENT message encoding example for two 12bits signals
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11.2.2. Sensor message frame contents
The MLX90378 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles, according to the following configurations:
Description
Symbol
SENT
Min
SENTrev
Clock tick time
Typ
2010
Max
Unit
SENT revision. Supports
enhanced serial channel
messages (2016)
2016
tickTime
1
3
12
Number of data nibbles
Xdn
4
6
6
Frame duration (no pause
pulse)
Npp
154
Frame duration with pause
pulse
Ppc
304
Sensor type
A.7
366
Description
µs
Main use cases :
Fast SENT, 1.5µs tick time
Normal SENT, 3µs tick time
Slow SENT, 6µs tick time
(see section 7.5)
270
ticks
6 data nibbles
922
ticks
Valid for 3µs tick time
Position sensors and Ratio
sensors
Table 25 - SENT Protocol Frame Definition
11.2.3. SENT message format for dual angle output (standard Joystick mode)
The MLX90378 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles; according to the H.1 format defined in SAE
J2716 appendix A.7. The frame contains two 12-bit data values; typ. one for alpha angle, one for beta
angle.
SM
[1:0]
S
[1:0]
Ch 1
[11:8]
Ch 1
[7:4]
12 bit angle data
Ch 1
[3:0]
Ch2
[3:0]
Ch2
[7:4]
Ch2
[11:8]
CRC
12 bit angle data
Figure 12 – A.7 Position Sensor Frame Format
Alpha and beta angles can be swapped between Channel 1 and Channel 2 depending on the system
requirements.
11.2.4. SENT message format for XYZ output (magnetometer mode)
The MLX90378 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles; according to the F2.4 format defined in SAE
J2716 appendix A.3. As there are three axes to be measured and transmitted the fast channel
multiplexing is utilized to transmit the X, Y, and Z axis information in sequence.
Each frame consists of six data nibbles as shown below. The data is transmitted as a 16 -bit value while
the first two nibbles are the frame counter and data consistency counter.
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F2.1
SM
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
S
[1:0]
Ch 1
[15:12]
Ch 1
[11:8]
16 bit angle data
Frame counter
F2.2
SM
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
S
[1:0]
Ch 1
[15:12]
Ch 1
[11:8]
SM
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
S
[1:0]
Ch 1
[15:12]
Ch 1
[11:8]
SM
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
S
[1:0]
Ch 1
[7:4]
CRC
Ch1
[3:0]
0
CRC
zeros
Ch1
[3:0]
CRC
16 bit angle data
Frame counter
F2.4
Ch 1
[7:4]
Ch2
[3:0]
4 bit data
16 bit angle data
Frame counter
F2.3
Ch1
[3:0]
Ch 1
[7:4]
DCC
[3:0]
Ch 1
[15:12]
Ch 1
[11:8]
Ch 1
[7:4]
Ch1
[3:0]
CRC
16 bit angle data
Frame counter Data Counter
Figure 13 – F2.x – Multiplexing Frame Formats
11.2.4.1. Fast Channel Multiplexing
The pattern above is repeated three times until all three axes are transmitted with the FC indicating
which axis is being transmitted (0=B1, 1=B2, 2=B3), where B1,2,3 are defined by DSP_CHANNEL_MAPXYZ.
This pattern repeats sequentially (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2..). After each loop of the frame control the DCC is
incremented and data from next ADC-measurement is used.
F2.4
SM
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
S
[1:0]
DCC
[3:0]
Ch 1
[15:12]
Ch 1
[11:8]
Ch1
[3:0]
0
0
B1
[15:12]
B1
[11:8]
B1
[7:4]
B1
[3:0]
1
0
B2
[15:12]
B2
[11:8]
B2
[7:4]
B2
[3:0]
2
0
B3
[15:12]
B3
[11:8]
B3
[7:4]
B3
[3:0]
Message 4
0
1
B1
[15:12]
B1
[11:8]
B1
[7:4]
B1
[3:0]
Message 5
1
1
B2
[15:12]
B2
[11:8]
B2
[7:4]
B2
[3:0]
2
1
B3
[15:12]
B3
[11:8]
B3
[7:4]
B3
[3:0]
Message 2
Message 3
Message 6
...
CRC
16 bit data
Frame counter Data Counter
Message 1
Ch 1
[7:4]
Figure 14 – Example of Fast Channel Multiplexing with DCC
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11.2.5. SENT message format for angle and input/gateway measurement
The MLX90378 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles; according to the F1.1 format defined in SAE
J2716 appendix A.3.The frame contains 12-bit angular value and 8 bit of gateway measurement.
SM
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
S
[1:0]
Ch 1
[11:8]
4 bit Frame counter
Ch 1
[7:4]
Ch2
[7:4]
Ch 1
[3:0]
12 bit angle data
Ch2
[3:0]
CRC
8 bit data
Message 1
0
Alpha
[11:8]
Alpha
[7:4]
Alpha
[3:0]
Data
[7:4]
Data
[3:0]
Message 2
1
Beta
[11:8]
Beta
[7:4]
Beta
[3:0]
Data
[7:4]
Data
[3:0]
Figure 15 – Example of Fast Channel Multiplexing with Gateway
11.2.5.1. Fast Channel Multiplexing
The MLX90378 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles; according to the F1.3 format defined in SAE
J2716. The fast channel multiplexing transmits 12-bit angular value and the FC identifies the
corresponding angle.
SM
[1:0]
S
[1:0]
FC
[3:0]
Ch 1
[11:8]
4 bit Frame counter
Ch 1
[7:4]
Ch 1
[3:0]
CRC
12 bit angle data
Figure 16 – Fast Multiplexing Frame Format
11.2.6. Start-up behaviour
The circuit will start to send initialisation frames once digital start-up is done but angle measurement
initialisation sequence is not yet complete. These initialisation frames content can be chosen by the user
with the following option:
SENT_INIT_GM
Initialisation frame value
Comments
0
0x000
SAE compliant
1
0xFF9 +
NV_DIAG_FAULT_CODE
OEM requirement
Table 26 - Initialisation Frame Content Definition
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11.2.7. SENT Timing configuration
SENT_TICK_TIME
Tick time configuration
Description
0
3 µs
Standard SENT
1
0.5 µs
Not recommended
2
1 µs
Not recommended
3
1.5 µs
Fast SENT
4
2.0 µs
Not recommended
5
2.5 µs
Not recommended
6
6 µs
Slow SENT
7
12 µs
Not recommended
Table 27 - SENT Tick Time Configuration
SENT_SEL_SR_FALL
SENT_SEL_SR_RISE
Fall time (Tfall)
configuration
Rise Time (Trise)
0
No slew rate control
No slew rate control
1
0.7 µs
1.0 µs
2
1.4 µs
2.0 µs
3
1.9 µs
3.0 µs
4
4.8 µs
6.0 µs
5
9.6 µs
12 µs
6
19 µs
24 µs
7
24 µs
30 µs
Table 28 - SENT Rise and Fall Times Configuration
3.8V
1.1V
Tfall
SENT_SLOPE_TRIM[3..0]
Trise
SENT_SLOPE_TRIM[7..4]
Figure 17 – SENT Rise and Fall Times Configuration
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NIBBLE_PULSE_CONFIG
High/low time configuration
2
Fixed low time (5 ticks)
3
Fixed high time (6 ticks)
Table 29 - SENT Nibble configuration (high/low times)
11.2.8. Serial message channel (slow channel)
Serial data is transmitted serial in bit number 3 and 2 of the status and communication nibble. A serial
message frame stretches over 18 consecutive SENT data messages from the transmitter. All 18 frames
must be successfully received (no errors, calibration pulse variation, data nibble CRC error, etc.) for the
serial value to be received.
Enhanced format with 12-bits data and 8-bits message ID is used (SAE J2716 APR2016 5.2.4.2, fig. 5.2.4.22). According to the standard, SM[0] contains a 6bits CRC followed by a 12-bits data. Message content is
defined by a 8-bit message ID transmitted in the SM[1] channel. Correspondence between ID and
message content is defined in the table below (Table 30).
SM
[1:0]
S
[1:0]
Status Nibble =
Ch 1
[11:8]
2 bit serial message
2 bit status
Figure 18 – SENT Status Nibble and Serial Message
By default, the short sequence consisting of a cycle of 24 data is transmitted ( Table 30). An extended
sequence can be used through configuration of SENT_SLOW_EXTENDED . Additionally, the norm of the B
field detected by the sensor can be returned at the end of the sequence by setting SENT_SLOW_BFIELD.
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#
8bit ID
Item
Source data
1
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
2
0x06
SENT standard revision
SENT_REV from NVRAM
3
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
4
0x05
Manufacturer code
SENT_MAN_CODE from NVRAM
5
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
6
0x03
Channel 1 / 2 Sensor type
SENT_SENSOR_TYPE from NVRAM
7
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
8
0x07
Fast channel 1: X1
SENT_CHANNEL_X1 from NVRAM
9
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
10
0x08
Fast channel 1: X2
SENT_CHANNEL_X2 from NVRAM
11
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
12
0x09
Fast channel 1: Y1
SENT_CHANNEL_Y1 from NVRAM
13
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
14
0x0A
Fast channel 1: Y2
SENT_CHANNEL_Y2 from NVRAM
15
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
16
0x23
(Internal) temperature
Current temperature from RAM
17
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
18
0x81
Switch Button
Switch Button Status
19
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
20
0x82
Gateway measurement
Gateway ADC
21
0x01
Diagnostic error code
Current status code from RAM
22
0x80
Magnetic Field Magnitude
B Field Magnitude from RAM. Slope
0.1mT / LSB
Table 30 - SENT Slow Channel Standard Data Sequence
For Field Strength encoding, see chapter 8, Magnetic Field Specifications, under the section
corresponding to the selected application.
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11.2.9. Serial Message Error Code
The list of error and status messages transmitted in the 12-bit Serial Message data field when Serial
Message 8-bit ID is 0x01, is given in the Table 31.
Bit Nb
12 Bit Data (hex)
Diagnostic
Comments
-
0x000 / 0x800
No error
Programmable (SENT_DIAG_STRICT, see
chap.12, Table 33, #151)
0
0x801
GainOOS
Gain out of spec (see GAIN_MIN,
GAIN_MAX)
1
0x802
FieldTooLow
Fieldstrength below defined low
threshold (see 13.7.4)
2
0x804
FieldTooHigh
Fieldstrength above defined high
threshold (see 13.7.4)
3
0x808
ADCclip
ADC is saturated, either low or high
4
0x810
ADC_test / ADC drop
ADC wrong conversion
5
0x820
Analog Supply Monitors
Detects VDDA (VDEC) over and under
voltage or VDD under voltage
6
0x840
Digital Supply Monitors
Detects VDDD (1.8V internal digital
supply) overvoltage
7
0x880
RoughOffset
Hall Element offset monitor
8
0x900
Over/Under Temp
Temperature sensor monitor (see 13.7.3)
9
0xA00
DSPoverflow
Overflow in digital signal conditioning
10
0xC00
Biaising current monitor
Biaising current is out of range
11
0x800
Extra Error Flag
set to one if any error present (only when
SENT_DIAG_STRICT = 1). Otherwise,
always high.
Table 31 - SENT Serial Message Error Code
In case multiple errors occur, the first detected error will be reported until all errors are cleare d out.
REVISION 001 - NOVEMBER 28 2018
3901090378
Page 31 of 66
ML90378 Triaxis® Position Processor
Datasheet
11.2.10. SENT configuration shorthand definition
Shorthand description
SENT SAE J2716 Rev
Format
Req
90372 programmable setting
SENT
xxxx
2007
2008
2010
2016
CRC_2007
0
> 2007
1
2007
Clock Tick length [μs]
XX.X μs
0.5
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