MLX90422GVS-ADD-038-SP

MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Features and Benefits ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Triaxis® Hall Technology On Chip Signal Processing for Robust Absolute Position Sensing ISO26262 ASIL-B Safety Element out of Context AEC-Q100 Qualified (Grade 0) Programmable Measurement Range Programmable Linear Transfer Characteristic with up to 17 points SENT Output - SAE J2716 APR2016 Enhanced serial data communication Packages RoHS compliant o Single Die - SOIC-8 o Dual Die (Full Redundant) - TSSOP-16 o PCB-less DMP-4 and SMP-3 o PCB-less dual die SMP-4 SOIC-8 (DC) TSSOP-16 (GO) SMP-4 (VD) DMP-4 (VS) Description The MLX90422 is a monolithic magnetic position sensor IC. It consists of a Triaxis® Hall magnetic front end, an analog to digital signal conditioner, a DSP for advanced signal processing and a programmable output stage driver. The MLX90422 is sensitive to the three components of the magnetic flux density applied to the ICs (i.e. Bx, By and Bz). Programming the sensor determines which axes are used to calculate a rotation or linear position. This allows the MLX90422 with the correct magnetic design to calculate the absolute position of any moving magnet (e.g. rotary position from 0 to 360 Degrees, see Figure 2). It enables the design of non-contacting position sensors that are frequently required for both automotive and industrial applications. The MLX90422 provide SENT frames encoded according to a Single Secure Sensor A.3 (H.4) or Dual Throttle Position Sensor A.1 (H.1) format. The circuit delivers enhanced serial messages providing error codes, and user-defined values. SMP-3 (VE) Application Examples ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ ▪ Absolute Rotary and Linear Position Sensor Pedal Position Sensor Throttle Position Sensor Ride Height Position Sensor Transmission Position Sensor Steering Wheel Position Sensor Non-Contacting Potentiometer REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 MLX90422 functional diagram MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Ordering Information Product MLX90422 MLX90422 MLX90422 MLX90422 MLX90422 MLX90422 MLX90422 Temp. Package Option Code Packing Form G G G G G G G DC GO VS VS VS VE VD ADD-030 ADD-030 ADD-030 ADD-033 ADD-038 ADD-030 ADD-030 RE RE RE/RX RE/RX RE/RX RE/RX RE/RX Definition Angular Rotary SENT version Angular Rotary SENT version Angular Rotary SENT version Angular Rotary SENT version Angular Rotary SENT version Angular Rotary SENT version Angular Rotary SENT version Table 1 - Ordering codes Temperature Code: G : from -40°C to 160°C Some parts can be exposed to higher temperatures for a limited time (1) Package Code: DC : SOIC-8 package (see 18.1) GO : TSSOP-16 package (full redundancy dual die, see 18.2) VS : DMP-4 package (PCB-less dual mold, see 18.3) VE : SMP-3 package (PCB-less single mold, see 18.4) VD : SMP-4 package (PCB-less single mold dual die, see 18.5) Option Code - Chip revision AAA-123 : Chip Revision ▪ ADD: MLX90422 production version Option Code - Application AAA-123 : 1-Application - Magnetic configuration ▪ 0: Angular Rotary / Linear Position Option Code AAA-123 : 2-Option ▪ 3: Standard SENT Option Code - Trim & Form AAA-123 : 3-DMP-4 Trim & Form configuration ▪ 0: Standard straight leads. See section 18.3.1 ▪ 3: Trim and Form STD2 2.54. See section 18.3.2 ▪ 8: Trim and Form STD4 2.54. See section 18.3.3 Packing Form: -RE : Tape & Reel ▪ VS/VE/VD: 2500 pcs/reel ▪ DC: 3000 pcs/reel ▪ GO: 4500 pcs/reel -RX : Tape & Reel, similar to RE with parts face-down Ordering Example: MLX90422GDC-ADD-030-RE For a SENT version in SOIC-8 package, delivered in Reel of 3000pcs. Table 2 - Ordering codes information 1 The devices can be used up-to an ambient temperature of +180°C. For a description of the conditions, refer to the sub-sections labelled “High-temperature Extension” (4.1, 9.2.3, 13.5.4). REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 2 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Contents Features and Benefits ..................................................................................................................... 1 Application Examples ...................................................................................................................... 1 Description..................................................................................................................................... 1 Ordering Information ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. Functional Diagram and Application Modes ................................................................................. 5 2. Glossary of Terms ....................................................................................................................... 6 3. Pin Definitions and Descriptions .................................................................................................. 7 3.1. Pin Definition for SOIC-8 .......................................................................................................... 7 3.2. Pin Definition for TSSOP-16 ..................................................................................................... 7 3.3. Pin Definition for DMP-4 ......................................................................................................... 8 3.4. Pin Definition for SMP-3 .......................................................................................................... 8 3.5. Pin Definition for SMP-4 .......................................................................................................... 8 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings ......................................................................................................... 9 4.1. High-Temperature Extension Absolute Maximum Ratings .................................................... 10 5. Isolation Specification ............................................................................................................... 10 6. General Electrical Specifications ................................................................................................ 11 7. Timing Specification .................................................................................................................. 12 7.1. General Timing Specifications ............................................................................................... 12 7.2. Timing Definitions .................................................................................................................. 12 7.3. SENT Output Timing Specifications ....................................................................................... 14 8. Magnetic Field Specifications .................................................................................................... 17 9. Accuracy Specifications ............................................................................................................. 18 9.1. Definitions ............................................................................................................................. 18 9.2. Performances ........................................................................................................................ 19 10. Memory Specifications ............................................................................................................ 20 11. Output Protocol Description ................................................................................................... 21 11.1. Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) SAE J2716 ............................................................ 21 12. End-User Programmable Items ................................................................................................ 26 13. Description of End-User Programmable Items ......................................................................... 30 13.1. SENT Output Mode Options ................................................................................................ 30 13.2. Output Transfer Characteristic ............................................................................................ 31 13.3. Sensor Front-End ................................................................................................................. 37 13.4. Filtering ................................................................................................................................ 37 REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 3 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.5. Programmable Diagnostics Settings .................................................................................... 38 14. Functional Safety .................................................................................................................... 41 14.1. Safety Manual ...................................................................................................................... 41 14.2. Safety Mechanisms .............................................................................................................. 41 14.3. Fault Handling Time Interval................................................................................................ 45 15. Recommended Application Diagrams ...................................................................................... 46 15.1. Wiring with the MLX90422 in SOIC-8 Package .................................................................... 46 15.2. Wiring with the MLX90422 in TSSOP-16 Package ................................................................ 47 15.3. Wiring with the MLX90422 in DMP-4 Package (built-in capacitors) .................................... 48 15.4. Wiring with the MLX90422 in SMP-3 Package (built-in capacitors) .................................... 49 15.5. Wiring with the MLX90422 in SMP-4 Package (built-in capacitors) .................................... 50 16. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes .................................................................................................................. 51 17. ESD Precautions ...................................................................................................................... 51 18. Package Information ............................................................................................................... 52 18.1. SOIC-8 - Package Information .............................................................................................. 52 18.2. TSSOP-16 - Package Information ......................................................................................... 54 18.3. DMP-4 - Package Information .............................................................................................. 56 18.4. SMP-3 - Package Information .............................................................................................. 59 18.5. SMP-4 - Package Information .............................................................................................. 62 18.6. Packages Thermal Performances ......................................................................................... 64 19. Contact .................................................................................................................................. 65 20. Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................. 65 REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 4 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 1. Functional Diagram and Application Modes Figure 1 - MLX90422 block diagram Angular Rotary Linear Position Figure 2 - Applications mode REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 5 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 2. Glossary of Terms Name Description ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter AoU Assumption of Use AWD Absolute Watchdog CPU Central Processing Unit CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check %DC Duty Cycle of the output signal i.e. T ON /(TON + TOFF) DMP Dual Mold Package DP Discontinuity Point DCT Diagnostic Cycle Time DSP Digital Signal Processing ECC Error Correcting Code EMC Electro-Magnetic Compatibility EoL End of Line FIR Finite Impulse Response Gauss (G) Alternative unit for the magnetic flux density (10G = 1mT) HW Hardware IMC Integrated Magnetic Concentrator INL / DNL Integral Non-Linearity / Differential Non-Linearity IWD Intelligent Watchdog LSB/MSB Least Significant Bit / Most Significant Bit N.C. Not Connected NVRAM Non Volatile RAM PCB Printed Circuit Board POR Power On Reset PSF Product Specific Functions PWL Piecewise Linear RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read-Only Memory SEooC Safety Element out of Context SMP Single-Mold Package TC Temperature Coefficient (in ppm/°C) Tesla (T) SI derived unit for the magnetic flux density (Vs/m2) Table 3 - Glossary of terms REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 6 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 3. Pin Definitions and Descriptions 3.1. Pin Definition for SOIC-8 Pin # Name Description 1 VDD Supply 2 Test1 For Melexis factory test 3 Test2 For Melexis factory test 4 N.C. Not connected 5 OUT Output 6 N.C. Not connected 7 VDEC Decoupling pin 8 VSS Ground Table 4 - SOIC-8 pins definition and description Test pins are internally grounded when in application mode. For optimal EMC behavior always connect the Test and N.C. pins to the ground of the PCB. 3.2. Pin Definition for TSSOP-16 Pin # Name Description 1 VDEC1 Decoupling pin die1 2 VSS1 Ground die1 3 VDD1 Supply die1 4 Test11 For Melexis factory test, die 1 5 Test22 For Melexis factory test, die 2 6 OUT2 Output die2 7 N.C. Not connected 8 N.C. Not connected 9 VDEC2 Decoupling pin die2 10 VSS2 Ground die2 11 VDD2 Supply die2 12 Test12 For Melexis factory test, die 2 13 Test21 For Melexis factory test, die 1 14 N.C. Not connected 15 OUT1 Output die1 16 N.C. Not connected Table 5 - TSSOP-16 pins definition and description Test pins are internally grounded when in application mode. For optimal EMC behavior, always connect the Test and N.C. pins to the ground of the PCB. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 7 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 3.3. Pin Definition for DMP-4 DMP-4 package offers a pin-to-pin compatibility with the previous generation of Triaxis® products. Pin # Name Description 1 VSS Ground 2 VDD Supply 3 OUT Output 4 VSS Ground Table 6 - DMP-4 pins definition and description 3.4. Pin Definition for SMP-3 SMP-3 package offers advanced components integration in a single mold compact form. Pin # Name Description 1 VDD Supply 2 OUT Output 3 VSS Ground Table 7 - SMP-3 pins definition and description 3.5. Pin Definition for SMP-4 SMP-4 package offers a redundant dual-die package with advanced components integration in a single mold compact form. Pin # Name Description 1 OUT1 Output 1 2 VSS Ground 3 VDD Supply 4 OUT2 Output 2 Table 8 - SMP-4 pins definition and description REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 8 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 4. Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage Min VDD Reverse Voltage Protection VOUT Reverse Output Voltage VOUT-rev Internal Voltage V < 48h < 1h V < 48h < 1h V < 48h < 1h V < 1h V < 1h V < 1h V < 1h V < 1h V < 1h -0.3 Reverse Test 1 pin Voltage VTest1-rev Positive Test 2 pin Voltage Vtest2 Reverse Test 2 pin Voltage Vtest2-rev -0.3 TAMB -40 Junction Temperature < 48h < 60s; TAMB ≤ 35°C 3.6 VTest1 (2) V -14 -18 Positive Test 1 pin Voltage Operating Temperature 28 37 28 34 VDEC VDEC-rev Unit -14 -18 VDD-rev Positive Output Voltage Max 6 -3 3.6 TJ +160 °C +175 °C Storage Temperature TST -55 +170 °C Magnetic Flux Density Bmax -1 1 T Condition Table 9 - Absolute maximum ratings Exceeding any of the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. The voltages given in Table 9 are valid for a single die and will degrade when simultaneously applied to multiple dice in the same package. 2 Find package thermal dissipation values in section 18.4 REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 9 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 4.1. High-Temperature Extension Absolute Maximum Ratings The MLX90422 can be exposed to high-temperature within the range [160, 180] °C for a limited duration. The device continues to operate with degraded performances according to the values listed in the following table. This extension is only valid for the SMP-3, SMP-4 and DMP-4 packages. Parameter Symbol Supply Voltage Min Max Unit 5.5 V TAMB = 180°C, see (3) V TAMB = 180°C, < 1h V TAMB = 180°C, < 1h V TAMB = 180°C, < 1h +180 °C < 250h +190 °C < 250h +190 °C < 250h VDD Reverse Voltage Protection VDD-rev -14 Positive Output Voltage VOUT Reverse Output Voltage VOUT-rev -14 Operating Temperature TAMB -40 Junction Temperature TJ Storage Temperature TST 26 -55 Condition Table 10 - High-temperature extension absolute maximum ratings Exceeding any of the absolute maximum ratings may cause permanent damage. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. The voltages given in Table 10 are valid for a single die and will degrade when simultaneously applied to multiple dice in the same package. 5. Isolation Specification The specified isolation resistance is only valid for the TSSOP-16 package (code GO). To be co Parameter Isolation Resistance Symbol Min Typ. Max Unit Condition Risol 4 - - MΩ Between dice, measured between VSS1 and VSS2 with +/-20V bias Table 11 - Isolation specification 3 Higher supply voltages will increase the die temperature above the max junction temperature T J REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 10 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 6. General Electrical Specifications General electrical specifications are valid for temperature range [-40, 160] °C and supply voltage range [4.5, 5.5] V unless otherwise noted. Electrical Parameter Symbol Min Typ. Max Unit Supply Voltage VDD 4.5 5 5.5 V Supply Current (4) IDD 7.5 8.5 10.0 mA VDDstartH 3.85 4.00 4.15 V Start-up Level (rising) Start-up Hysteresis PTC Entry Level (rising) VDDstartHyst 100 5.85 6.05 6.25 V VPROV0Hyst 100 175 250 mV Under voltage detection VDDUVL 3.75 3.90 4.05 V Under voltage detection hysteresis VDDUVHyst Regulated Voltage VDEC 100 3.2 3.3 Single die mV VPROV0 PTC Entry Level Hysteresis Condition Supply overvoltage detection Supply voltage low threshold mV 3.4 V Internal analog voltage Table 12 - Supply system electrical specifications Electrical Parameter External pull-up Voltage Output Short Circuit Current Limit Symbol Min Typ. Vext Max Unit VDD V Condition SENT Receiver supply voltage IOUTshort 10 35 mA Output Load RL 10 55 kΩ Pull-up to Vext Low state voltage (5) VOL 0.5 V 0.52mA DC load current High state voltage (5) VOH V 0.10mA DC load current µA With a pull-up to Vext Digital open-drain output leakage IleakpuOd Passive Diagnostic Output Level (BrokenWire Detection) (6) BVSSPU BVDDPU 4.1 20 99.5 92.5 97.0 100 98.7 99.5 %Vext %Vext Broken VSS & Pull-up load R L  1 kΩ to Vext Broken VDD & Pull-up load R L ≤ 25 kΩ to Vext Pull-up load R L ≤ 10 kΩ to Vext Table 13 - Output electrical specifications 4 For the dual die version, the supply current is multiplied by 2. 5 Compliant with SAE J2716 Revised APR2016 6 Valid for dual-die configurations as well where the two dies have the same supply and ground level. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 11 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 7. Timing Specification Timing specifications are valid for temperature range [-40, 160] °C and supply voltage range [4.5, 5.5] V unless otherwise noted. 7.1. General Timing Specifications Parameter Symbol Min Typ. Max Unit Condition FCK 22.8 -5 24 25.2 5 MHz %Fck Including thermal and lifetime drift ΔFCK,0 -1 1 MHz %Fck T=35°C, trimmed Main Clock Frequency Thermal Drift ΔFCK,T -3.5 3.5 %Fck Relative to clock frequency at 35°C. Ageing effect not included 1MHz Clock Frequency F1M 0.95 -5 1.05 5 MHz %F1M Including thermal and lifetime drift Main Clock Frequency Main Clock initial tolerances 1 Table 14 - General timing specifications 7.2. Timing Definitions 7.2.1. Startup Behavior In SENT mode, the startup time consists of two values. The first one, T init, is the time needed for the circuit to be ready to start acquiring an angle. In SENT mode, at that time, the IC starts transmitting initialisation frames. The second value, T stup, is the time when the first valid angle is transmitted. These definitions are illustrated in the following figure (Figure 3) where τinit represents the sensor internal initialization sequence. VDDstartH Supply Voltage Tinit Tstup SENT output High-Z Null Frame Null Frame Null Frame Valid Angle Valid Angle Figure 3 - Startup time definition REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 12 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 7.2.2. Latency (average) Latency is the average lag between the movement of the detected object (magnet) and the response of the sensor output. This value is representative of the time constant of the MLX90422 for regulation calculations. Figure 4 - Definition of latency 7.2.3. Step Response (worst-case) Step response is defined as the delay between a change of position of the magnet and the 100% sett ling time of the sensor output with full angle accuracy with regards to filtering. Step response therefore consists of the sum of: ▪ ▪ ▪ δmag,frameEnd, the delay between magnetic step and the end of the frame, δframeEnd,frameEndPartial, the delay between the end of the frame when the magnetic step occurred and the end of the frame which carries the partial response, Tframe,no PP, the frame length excluding the pause pulse (PP), which carries the complete response. Figure 5 depicts step response when applied to a SENT with pause output format. Magnetic step (input change δmag,frameEnd δframeEnd,frameEndPartial Tframe, no PP Complete response Partial response Output response to the magnetic step acq = angle acquisition (analog) dsp = angle calculation (digital) Angle Acquisition tasks (simplified) acq SENT output acq dsp frame acq dsp acq dsp PP acq dsp frame acq dsp PP frame dsp PP Step Response Figure 5 - Step response definition REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 13 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 7.3. SENT Output Timing Specifications Parameter Symbol Min Tick time (7) Typ. Max Unit 3 μs 3μs = Normal SENT (fixed) between 1.1V and 3.8V for 3μs tick time SENT edge rise Time Trise 12.5 18 μs SENT edge fall Time Tfall 5.3 6.5 μs 576 432 Slow Message cycle length Condition frames Extended sequence (32 frames) Short sequence (24 frames) Table 15 - SENT Output timing specifications 7.3.1. Continuous Synchronous Acquisition Mode For the SENT output protocol in the Standard/Legacy Mode, the MLX90422 with the default factory calibration operates with constant SENT frame length (SENT with pause). The length of the SENT frame is defined by NTframe in number of ticks (see T_FRAME in section 12 and 13.1). The sensor is configured in continuous synchronous timing mode, acquires angles based on the output frequency, and the sensor output has a fixed frame frequency. acq = angle acquisition (analog) dsp = angle calculation (digital) TSYNC_DE LA Y acq Angle Acquisition tasks (simplified) acq dsp acq dsp frame SENT w/ pause acq dsp PP frame dsp PP Tframe Figure 6 - Continuous synchronous timing mode The detailed default setting of the SENT protocol is as follows: ▪ Protocol: SENT with pause ▪ Tick time: 3μs ▪ SENT format: A.3 (H.4) ▪ Number of angle acquisitions per SENT frame: 2 ▪ DSP linearization: 16 points The corresponding timing specifications are listed in Table 16. 7 The MLX90422 has a fixed tick time of 3 μs. It cannot be changed. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 14 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Parameter Symbol Min SENT frame tick count NTframe 287 Output refresh period Tframe SENT startup time Tstup Average Latency (8)(9)(10) Typ. Max Unit Condition ticks 861 1.32 1.75 τL 905 μs Ppc = NTframe= 287 5.93 ms Until first valid angle received 1.58 2.03 ms Filter 1, Filter 2 (see 13.4 Filtering) Step Response (9)(10) TwcStep 2.71 3.61 ms Filter 1, Filter 2 (see 13.4 Filtering) Analog Diagnostics Cycle DCTANA 10.4 ms Ppc = NTframe= 287 Digital Diagnostics Cycle DCTDIG 19.7 ms Safe startup Time TSafeStup 33 ms 5 Table 16 - Synchronous SENT mode timing specifications 7.3.2. Continuous Asynchronous Acquisition Mode Optionally, the MLX90422 can be configured to operate with variable SENT frame length (SENT without pause), where latency and step response is dependent on the transmitted data. The length of the SENT frame is defined by the data content. The sensor is configured in the continuous asynchronous acquisition mode and periodically acquires a magnetic measurement asynchronously to the SENT transmission. TangleMeas acq = angle acquisition (analog) dsp = angle calculation (digital) acq Angle Acquisition tasks (simplified) acq dsp acq dsp dsp frame SENT w/o pause acq frame dsp frame SENT frames are not periodic Figure 7 - Continuous asynchronous timing mode When configured in the continuous asynchronous acquisition mode, the detailed default setting is as follows: ▪ Protocol: SENT without pause ▪ Tick time: 3μs ▪ SENT format: A.3 (H.4) ▪ DSP linearization: 16 points 8 Typ. values assumes no clock drift and an average SENT frame (154 ticks, excluding pause pulse). 9 Max values assumes a clock drift of 5% and the longest SENT frame (270 ticks, excluding pause pulse). 10 Data is assumed available after the CRC nibble and before the pause pulse. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 15 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet The corresponding timing specifications are listed in Table 17. Parameter Symbol Internal angle measurement period Typ. Max Unit TangleMeas 512 537 μs Asynchronously to the output protocol Output refresh period Tframe 810 851 μs Npp = 270, longest frame w/o pause SENT startup time Tstup 5.9 ms Until first valid angle received ms Filter 0, Filter 1, Filter 2 (see 13.4 Filtering) TwcStep 2.68 3.22 4.29 ms Filter 0, Filter 1, Filter 2 (see 13.4 Filtering) Analog Diagnostics Cycle DCTANA 12.4 ms Digital Diagnostics Cycle DCTDIG 19.7 ms Safe startup Time TSafeStup 33 ms Average Latency Step Response (11) (12) τL Min 0.83 1.07 1.56 5 1.30 1.56 2.08 1.83 2.10 2.64 Condition Table 17 - Asynchronous SENT mode timing specifications 11 The range for the average latency is provided (including clock drift). The average latency var ies based on the programmable items configuration and the data being transmitted. 12 Max values assumes a clock drift of 5% and the longest SENT frame (270 ticks). REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 16 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 8. Magnetic Field Specifications Magnetic field specifications are valid for temperature range [-40, 160] °C unless otherwise noted. Parameter Number of magnetic poles Magnetic Flux Density in X-Y plane Magnetic Flux Density in Z Symbol Min Max Unit Condition Bx, By (13) 70 mT √𝐵𝑋2 + 𝐵𝑌2 Bz 126 mT in absolute value NP Typ. 2 √𝐵𝑋2 + 𝐵𝑌2 Useful Magnetic Flux Density Norm √𝐵𝑋2 + ( (X-Y mode) 1 𝐺𝐼𝑀𝐶 BNorm 10(14) 20 mT 2 𝐵𝑍 ) 2 1 𝐵 ) 𝐺𝐼𝑀𝐶 𝑍 √𝐵𝑌2 + ( (X-Z mode) (Y-Z mode) see 13.3 for sensing mode description. IMC gain (15) GIMC Magnet Temperature Coefficient TCm -2400 Field Too Low Threshold BTH_LOW 2 Field Too High Threshold (16) BTH_HIGH 70 1.19 0 ppm °C 4 30 mT Typ. is recommended value to be set by user (see 13.5.5) 126 126 mT Typ. is recommended value to be set by user (see 13.5.5) Table 18 - Magnetic specifications for standard application The magnetic performances are listed in chapter 9.2. The Figure 8 defined under which conditions nominal, limited or high-temperature performances apply. 180 High-Temperature Performances 160 -40 Limited Performances Temperature (°C) 150 10 20 Nominal Performances Norm (mT) Bmax Figure 8 - Useful magnetic signal definition 13 The condition must be fulfilled for all combinations of B x and By. 14 Only valid under the conditions of Figure 8. Outside of the “Limited Performances” zone, the performances are further degraded due to a reduction of the signal-to-noise ratio and signal-to-offset ratio. 15 The IMC has a better performance for concentrating in-plane (X-Y) field components, resulting in a better overall magnetic sensitivity. A correction factor, called IMC gain has to be applied to the z field component to account for this difference. 16 Due to the saturation effect of the IMC, the FieldTooHigh monitor detects only defects in the sensor REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 17 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 9. Accuracy Specifications Accuracy specifications are valid for temperature range [-40, 160] °C and supply voltage range [4.5, 5.5] V unless otherwise noted. 9.1. Definitions This section defines several parameters, which will be used for the magnetic specifications. Output (%DC, Deg) 9.1.1. Intrinsic Linearity Error e ve urv r u C l C red a e Id asu e M Noise (pk-pk) Intrinsic Linearity Error (LE) ±3σ Input (Deg.) Figure 9 - Sensor accuracy definition The illustration of Figure 9 depicts the intrinsic linearity error in new parts. The Intrinsic Linearity Error refers to the error sources of the IC (offset, sensitivity mismatch, orthogonality error) taking into account an ideal magnetic field. Once associated to a practical magnetic construction and its respective mechanical and magnetic tolerances, the output linearity error increases. The linearity error can be improved with the multi-point end-user calibration (see 13.2). As a consequence, this error is not the critical factor in application when it is calibrated away. 9.1.2. Total Angle Drift After calibration, the output angle of the sensor might still change due to temperature change and aging. This error is defined as the total drift 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇 : 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇 = max{𝜃(𝜃𝐼𝑁 , 𝑇, 𝑡) − 𝜃(𝜃𝐼𝑁 , 𝑇𝑅𝑇 , 𝑡0 )} where 𝜃𝐼𝑁 is the input angle, 𝑇 is the temperature, 𝑇𝑅𝑇 is the room temperature, and 𝑡 is the elapsed lifetime after calibration. 𝑡0 represents the start of the sensor operating life. Note that the total drift 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇 is always defined with respect to the angle at room temperature. In this datasheet, 𝑇𝑅𝑇 is typically defined at 35°C unless stated otherwise. The total drift is valid for all angles along the full mechanical stroke. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 18 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 9.2. Performances 9.2.1. Nominal Performances Valid before EoL calibration and for all applications under nominal performances conditions described in chapter 6 and chapter 8. Parameter Symbol Min XY - Intrinsic Linearity Error LE_XY XZ - Intrinsic Linearity Error YZ - Intrinsic Linearity Error Typ. Max Unit -1 1 Deg. LE_XZ -2.5 2.5 Deg. LE_YZ -2.5 2.5 Deg. 0.1 0.15 0.1 Noise (17) 0.2 0.35 0.2 Deg. XY - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑌 -0.6 0.6 Deg. XZ - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑍 -0.8 0.8 Deg. YZ - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑌𝑍 -0.8 0.8 Deg. 0.1 Deg. Hysteresis Condition Filter = 0, B Norm ≥ 40mT Filter = 0, BNorm ≥ 20mT Filter = 2, B Norm ≥ 20mT Relative to 35°C. BNorm ≥ 20mT Table 19 - Nominal magnetic performances 9.2.2. Limited Performances Valid before EoL calibration and for all applications under limited performances conditions described in chapter 6 and chapter 8. Parameter Symbol Min XY - Intrinsic Linearity Error LE_XY XZ - Intrinsic Linearity Error YZ - Intrinsic Linearity Error Typ. Max Unit -1 1 Deg. LE_XZ -2.5 2.5 Deg. LE_YZ -2.5 2.5 Deg. 0.15 0.3 0.55 0.15 Noise (17) 0.25 0.45 0.8 0.25 Deg. XY - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑌 -0.8 0.8 Deg. XZ - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑍 -1.0 1.0 Deg. YZ - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑌𝑍 -1.0 1.0 Deg. 0.2 Deg. Hysteresis Condition Filter = 0, B Norm ≥ 40mT Filter = 0, BNorm ≥ 20mT Filter = 0, BNorm ≥ 10mT Filter = 2, B Norm ≥ 20mT Relative to 35°C. BNorm ≥ 10mT Table 20 - Limited magnetic performances 17 ±3σ 18 Verification done on new and aged devices in an ideal magnetic field. An additional application -specific error arises from the non-ideal magnet and mechanical tolerance drift. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 19 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 9.2.3. High-Temperature Extension Performances When the MLX90422 is exposed to high-temperatures within the range [160, 180] °C, the following magnetic performances apply. Parameter Symbol Min XY - Intrinsic Linearity Error LE_XY XZ - Intrinsic Linearity Error YZ - Intrinsic Linearity Error Typ. Max Unit -1.2 1.2 Deg. LE_XZ -2.5 2.5 Deg. LE_YZ -2.5 2.5 Deg. 0.20 0.40 0.80 0.20 0.30 0.55 1.0 0.30 Deg. Filter = 0, B Norm ≥ 40mT Filter = 0, BNorm ≥ 20mT Filter = 0, BNorm ≥ 10mT Filter = 2, B Norm ≥ 20mT -1.0 1.0 Deg. Relative to 35°C, BNorm ≥ 10mT -0.75 0.75 Deg. Relative to 35°C, B Norm ≥ 20mT 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑍 -1.2 1.2 Deg. Relative to 35°C, BNorm ≥ 10mT 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑍 -1.0 1.0 Deg. Relative to 35°C, B Norm ≥ 20mT 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑌𝑍 -1.2 1.2 Deg. Relative to 35°C, BNorm ≥ 10mT 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑌𝑍 -1.0 1.0 Deg. Relative to 35°C, B Norm ≥ 20mT 0.2 Deg. BNorm ≥ 10mT Noise (17) XY - Total Drift (18) 𝜕𝜃𝑇𝑇_𝑋𝑌 XZ - Total Drift (18) YZ - Total Drift (18) Condition Hysteresis Table 21 - High-Temperature Magnetic Performances 10. Memory Specifications Parameter Symbol Value Unit ROM ROMsize 16 kB 1-bit parity check per 32-bit word (single error detection) RAM RAMsize 512 B 1-bit parity check per 16-bit word (single error detection) NVRAM size 128 B 6-bit ECC per word 16b (single error correction, double error detection) NVRAM Note Table 22 - Memory specifications REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 20 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 11. Output Protocol Description 11.1. Single Edge Nibble Transmission (SENT) SAE J2716 The MLX90422 provides a digital output signal compliant with SAE J2716 Revised APR2016. 11.1.1. Sensor Message Definition The MLX90422 repeatedly transmits a sequence of pulses, corresponding to a sequence of nibbles (4 bits), with the following sequence: ▪ Calibration/Synchronization pulse period 56 clock ticks to determine the time base of the SENT frame ▪ One 4-bit Status and Serial Communication nibble pulse ▪ A sequence six 4-bit data nibbles pulses representing the values of the signal(s) to be transmitted . The number of nibbles will be fixed for each application of the encoding scheme (i.e. Single Secure sensor format A.3, Throttle position sensor A.1) ▪ One 4-bit Checksum nibble pulse ▪ One optional pause pulse See also SAE J2716 APR2016 for general SENT specification. Figure 10 - SENT message encoding example for two 12-bit signals REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 21 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 11.1.2. Sensor Message Frame Contents The SENT output of the MLX90422 transmits a sequence of data nibbles, according to the following configurations: Description Symbol Clock tick time Min Typ. Tick Time 3 Number of data nibbles Xdn 6 Frame duration w/o pause Npp 154 Frame duration w/ pause Ppc 287 Max Unit Description µs 287 Normal SENT, 3µs tick time 270 ticks 6 data nibbles 922 ticks 6 data nibbles Dual Throttle Position sensor Single Secure sensor A.1 A.3 Sensor type Table 23 - SENT protocol frame definition 11.1.3. SENT Format Option The default SENT format option of MLX90422 is Single Secure Sensor A.3 (H.4). The MLX90422 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles; according single secure sensor format defined in SAE J2716 appendix H.4 (19). The frame contains 12-bit angular value, an 8-bit rolling counter and an inverted copy of the most significant nibble of angular value. SM [1:0] S [1:0] Ch.1 [11:8] Ch.1 [7:4] Ch.1 [3:0] Channel 1 - 12-bits angle data COUNT [7:0] COUNT [3:0] ~Ch.1 [11:8] CRC 8-bits rolling counter Figure 11 - H.4 frame format Optionally, the SENT format option of MLX90422 can be changed to Dual Throttle Position Sensor A.1 (H.1). The MLX90422 SENT transmits a sequence of data nibbles; according single secure sensor format defined in SAE J2716 appendix H.1 (20). The frame contains 12-bit magnetic measurement value and a configurable 12-bit data which can contain either the internal sensor temperature or an inverted value of the magnetic measurement. SM [1:0] S [1:0] Ch.1 [11:8] Ch.1 [7:4] Ch.1 [3:0] Channel 1 - 12-bits magnetic data Ch.2 [3:0] Ch.2 [7:4] Ch.2 [11:8] CRC Channel 2 – 12-bits data Figure 12 - H.1 frame format 19 As referenced from section A.3 Single Secure Sensor of the standard. 20 As referenced from section A.1 Single Secure Sensor of the standard. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 22 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 11.1.4. Start-up Behavior The circuit will send initialisation frames once digital start-up is done but angle measurement initialisation sequence is not yet complete (see section 7.2.1). These initialisation frames content can be chosen by user with SENT_INT_GM parameter. SENT_INIT_GM Initialisation frame value Comments 0 0x000 SAE compliant, default 1 0xFFF OEM requirement Table 24 - Initialization frame content definition 11.1.5. Output Configuration The output resistive load, e.g. the external pull-up resistor should be carefully selected, because the MLX90422 has a built-in high order low pass filter. A large resistive load will deteriorate the generated SENT signal, and could make the output signal not comply to the SENT specifications, such as the fall times and the minimum output voltages. In principle, the values in Table 13 should be considered, which means it is not recommended to have a resistive load value smaller than 10kΩ, and a resistive load value smaller than 3kΩ should be avoided. Furthermore, the output capacitance should also be properly chosen, together with the output resistive load to correspondingly match the application, e.g. tick time, to allow appropriate time constant for the transmission of the SENT signal. Details can be seen in sections 15.1 and 15.2. 11.1.6. Enhanced Serial Message (ESM) channel Serial data is transmitted sequentially in bit number 3 and 2 of the status and communication nibble. A serial message frame stretches over 18 consecutive SENT data messages from the transmitter. All 18 frames must be successfully received (no errors, calibration pulse variation, data nibble CRC error, etc.) for the serial value to be received. Enhanced serial message with 12-bit data and 8-bit message ID is used (SAE J2716 APR2016 5.2.4.2, Figure 5.2.4.2-2). According to the standard, SM[0] contains a 6-bit CRC followed by a 12-bit data. Message content is defined by a 8-bit message ID transmitted in the SM[1] channel. Correspondence between ID and message content is defined in the tables below (Table 25). By default, the short sequence consisting of a cycle of 24 data is transmitted. An extended sequence can optionally be used leading to a cycle with 32 data being transmitted. Additionally, the norm of the B field detected by the sensor can optionally be returned at the end of the sequence (short or extended). # 8-bit ID Item Source data Short Sequence 1 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 2 0x06 SENT standard revision 0x004 from ROM 3 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 4 0x05 Manufacturer code 0x006 from ROM 5 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 6 0x03 Channel 1 / 2 Sensor type 0x050 from ROM REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 23 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet # 8-bit ID Item Source data 7 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 8 0x07 Fast channel 1: X1 SENT_CHANNEL_X1 from NVRAM 9 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 10 0x08 Fast channel 1: X2 SENT_CHANNEL_X2 from NVRAM 11 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 12 0x09 Fast channel 1: Y1 SENT_CHANNEL_Y1 from NVRAM 13 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 14 0x0A Fast channel 1: Y2 SENT_CHANNEL_Y2 from NVRAM 15 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 16 0x23 (Internal) temperature Current temperature from RAM 17 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 18 0x29 Sensor ID #1 SENT_SENSOR_ID1 from NVRAM 19 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 20 0x2A Sensor ID #2 SENT_SENSOR_ID2 from NVRAM 21 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 22 0x2B Sensor ID #3 SENT_SENSOR_ID3 from NVRAM 23 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 24 0x2C Sensor ID #4 SENT_SENSOR_ID4 from NVRAM Extended Sequence 25 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 26 0x90 OEM Code #1 SENT_OEM_CODE1 from NVRAM 27 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 28 0x91 OEM Code #2 SENT_OEM_CODE2 from NVRAM 29 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 30 0x92 OEM Code #3 SENT_OEM_CODE3 from NVRAM 31 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 32 0x93 OEM Code #4 SENT_OEM_CODE4 from NVRAM Field Norm Extension 25 or 33 0x01 Diagnostic error code Current status code from RAM 26 or 35 0x80 Magnetic field Norm Field Strength corrected from RAM Table 25 - SENT slow channel data sequence REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 24 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 11.1.7. Enhanced Serial Message Error Code The list of error and status messages transmitted in the 12-bit Serial Message data field when Serial Message 8-bit ID is 0x01, is given in the Table 26. The error is one-hot encoded and therefore each bit is linked to one or several diagnostics. Only the first error detected during a diagnostics cycle is reported, and the serial message error code will be updated at every diagnostics cycle. The serial message error code will only be cleared out once all the errors have disappeared. This mechanism ensures only one error at a time takes control of the error debouncing counter (see 13.5.2). The MSb acts either as an error flag or can be kept high regardless of the error status. See section 13.5.6. Bit Nb - 12 Bit Data (hex) 0x000 / 0x800 Diagnostic No error 0 0x801 GAINOOS 1 0x802 FieldTooLow 2 0x804 FieldTooHigh 3 4 0x808 0x810 ADCclip ADC_test 5 0x820 Analog Supply Monitors 6 0x840 Digital Supply Monitors 7 0x880 8 0x900 9 0xA00 10 0xC00 RoughOffset Over/Under Temp / ADCdrop DSP overflow / HE_Bias / Analog Front End Supply Bias Current / Stress Range 11 0x800 Extra Error Flag Comments Programmable (See section 13.5.6) Magnetic Signal Conditioning Gain Clamping Fieldstrength is below defined low threshold (see section 13.5.3) Fieldstrength is above defined high threshold (see section 13.5.3) ADC is saturated, either low or high ADC made wrong conversion Detects VDDA (VDEC) over and under voltage or VDD under voltage Detects VDDD (1.8V internal digital supply) overvoltage Hall Element offset monitor Temperature sensor monitor (see 13.5.3) / ADC conversion interruption DSP overflow / Hall Element biasing issue / Analog front end self-test Current biasing system monitor / Stress Sensor Readout set to one if any error present (only when SENT_DIAG_STRICT = 1). Otherwise, always high. Table 26 - SENT serial message error code for enhanced serial message REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 25 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 12. End-User Programmable Items Parameter PSF value Description Default Values # bits GENERAL CONFIGURATION USER_ID[0:5] 94 .. 101 Reserve for end-user to program information to keep traceability, unless the patch area is used. - 8 WARM_TRIGGER_LONG 120 Add delay for PTC entry level 0 1 MUPET_ADDRESS 124 PTC address for which the slave will communicate 0/1 2 SENSOR FRONT-END GAINMIN 2 Virtual Gain min 0 6 GAINMAX 3 Virtual Gain max 47 7 GAINSATURATION 4 Gain saturation enable 0 1 22 0: X-Y Angular Rotary 1: Y-Z Angular Rotary / Y Linear Position 2: X-Z Angular Rotary / X Linear Position 3: Do not use 0 2 1 2 0 1 SENSING_MODE FILTERING FILTER 23 FIR filter bandwidth selection 0: no filter 1: FIR11 (default) 2: FIR1111 3: Do not use LINEAR TRANSFER CHARACTERISTIC 4POINTS 17 Enable 4 points PWL linearization CLAMPHIGH 21 High clamping value of angle output data 4088 12 CLAMPLOW 15 Low clamping value of angle output data 1 12 CW 16 Magnet rotation direction. 0 1 DP 10 DSP discontinuity point 0 13 LNRS0 24 4-pts - Slope coefficient before reference point A - 16 LNRAX LNRBX LNRCX LNRDX 27 37 48 60 4-pts - X Coordinate for reference points A,B,C,D - 16 LNRAY LNRBY LNRCY LNRDY 32 43 55 67 4-pts - Y Coordinate for reference points A,B,C,D - 16 REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 26 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Parameter PSF value Description Default Values # bits - 16 1 256 512 767 1023 1278 1534 1789 2045 2300 2555 2811 3066 3322 3577 3833 4089 12 LNRAS LNRBS LNRCS LNRDS 34 45 57 69 LNRY0 LNRY1 LNRY2 LNRY3 LNRY4 LNRY5 LNRY6 LNRY7 LNRY8 LNRY9 LNRY10 LNRY11 LNRY12 LNRY13 LNRY14 LNRY15 LNRY16 26 28 33 36 39 44 47 50 56 59 62 68 71 74 77 80 83 17-pts / 16 segments - Y coordinate point [0:16] OUTSLOPE_COLD 85 Slope coefficient at cold of the programmable temperature-dependent offset. 0 8 OUTSLOPE_HOT 86 Slope coefficient at hot of the programmable temperature-dependent offset. 0 8 T_SYNC_DELAY 8 SENT - ADC synchronization delay (SENT with PAUSE only) 130 8 4-pts - Slope coefficient for reference points A,B,C,D TWO_ANGLES_FRAME 127 Enable 2 fields measure per output frame (SENT with PAUSE only) 1 1 USEROPTION_SCALING 18 Enable output scaling 2x after linearization 0 1 WORK_RANGE 128 Working Range 17 points. 0 4 Post DSP Gain Stage. 16 8 WORK_RANGE_GAIN 7 DIAGNOSTICS COLD_SAFE_STARTUP_EN 52 Normal (0) or safe start-up (1) after poweron reset 0 1 DIAG_EN 42 Diagnostics global enable. Do not modify! 1 1 DIAG_FIELDTOOHIGHTHRES 132 Field strength limit over which a fault is reported. 14 4 DIAG_FIELDTOOLOWTHRES 133 Field strength limit under which a fault is reported. 3 4 REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 27 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Parameter PSF value Description Default Values # bits DIAGDEBOUNCE_STEPDOWN 30 Diagnostic debouncing step-down time used for recovery time setting 1 2 DIAGDEBOUNCE_STEPUP 31 Diagnostic debouncing step-up time used for hold time setting 1 2 DIAGDEBOUNCE_THRESH 41 Diagnostic debouncing threshold 1 3 MEMLOCK 54 Enable NVRAM write protection 0 2 OUT_DIAG_HIZ_TIME 118 Recovery time when a transient digital failure is detected 15 5 ROUT_LOW 119 Select output impedance for PTC communication 1 1 SENT_DIAG_STRICT 11 Option of analog fault reporting in the SENT slow message 0 1 125 Defines the error message within SENT frame in diagnostic mode Refer to the Safety Manual 0 2 12 Sets the SENT nibble high/low-time configuration: 0: 7 fixed ticks high time 1: 5 fixed ticks low time 1 1 PROTOCOL 121 Selection of the measurement timing mode and the corresponding output protocol 0: continuous asynchronous angle acquisition, SENT without PAUSE 1: continuous synchronous angle acquisition, SENT with PAUSE 1 1 T_FRAME 88 SENT period in ticks of 3us 287 12 66 Definition of data transmitted in the SENT fast channel 2 in case SENT_FC_FORMAT=0 0: Temperature sensor (SP ID 0x23) 1: 0xFF9(d4089) - CH1 2: RAM data (RAMPROBE_PTR) 3: 0xFFF(d4095) - CH1 3 2 90 SENT frame format option 0: Format H.1 (A.1, Two 12-bit Fast Channels) 1: Format H.4 (A.3, 12-bit Fast Channel & Single secure) 1 1 SENT_REPORT_MODE_ANA OUTPUT CONFIGURATION NIBBLE_PULSE_CONFIG SENT PROTOCOL OPTIONS SENT_FAST_CHANNEL_2 SENT_FC_FORMAT REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 28 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Parameter SENT_INIT_GM PSF value 65 Description Initialization frame definition until first valid data 0: 0x000 1: 0xFFF(d4095) error code Enable legacy CRC calculation 0: The SAE J2716 recommended CRC is calculated Serial Message configuration 0: Serial Message is disabled 1: Serial Message is enabled Serial Message Sequence definition 0: Short Sequence Serial Message 1: Extended Sequence Serial Message Extended sequence configuration 0: without field norm extension 1: with field norm extension Default Values # bits 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 SENT_LEGACY_CRC 64 SERIAL_CONFIG 91 SENT_SLOW_EXTENDED 126 SENT_SLOW_EXTENSION 129 SENT_CHANNEL_X1 103 Part of ESM: Fast-channel 1 - X1 0 12 SENT_CHANNEL_X2 104 Part of ESM: Fast-channel 1 - X2 0 12 SENT_CHANNEL_Y1 106 Part of ESM: Fast-channel 1 - Y1 0 12 SENT_CHANNEL_Y2 108 Part of ESM: Fast-channel 1 - Y2 0 12 SENT_OEM_CODE1 SENT_OEM_CODE2 SENT_OEM_CODE3 SENT_OEM_CODE4 73 75 78 81 Part of ESM: OEM code [1:4] (only if 4POINTS = 1) - 12 SENT_SENSOR_ID1 SENT_SENSOR_ID2 SENT_SENSOR_ID3 SENT_SENSOR_ID4 110 111 113 115 Part of SSM/ESM: Sensor ID-[1:4] - 12 Table 27 - MLX90422 end-user programmable items table Performances described in this document are only achieved by adequate programming of the device. To ensure desired functionality, Melexis recommends to follow its programming guide and to contact its technical or application service. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 29 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13. Description of End-User Programmable Items 13.1. SENT Output Mode Options The parameter PROTOCOL defined the measurement timings mode and the corresponding output protocol. PROTOCOL Description 0 Continuous asynchronous angle acquisition, SENT without pause 1 Continuous synchronous angle acquisition, SENT with pause Table 28 - MLX90422 protocol selection When using the SENT with pause protocol, the parameter T_FRAME can be used to control the SENT frame period. By default, the period is 287 ticks. While this parameter is encoded on 12 bits, it is recommended that its value fits within the range specified in section 11.1. The frame format, and therefore the data available through the fast channels, is selected using the SENT_FC_FORMAT parameter. Refer to section 11.1.3 for a description of these SENT frame format. SENT_FC_FORMAT Description 0 Dual Throttle Position Sensor A.1 (H.1) 1 Single Secure Sensor A.3 (H.4), default Table 29 - MLX90422 frame format selection When using the H.1 format, the parameter SENT_FAST_CHANNEL_2 can be used to control what data will be output on the 2 nd fast channel SENT_FAST_CHANNEL_2 Description 0 Internal temperature sensor (SP ID 0x23) 1 0xFF9(d4089) - CH1 2 RAM data (RAMPROBE_PTR) 3 0xFFF(d4095) - CH1 Table 30 - MLX90422 fast channel 2 data selection The SENT protocol allows to either fix the number of ticks for the high time of fix the number of ticks for the low time in the SENT nibble pulses. This can be done using NIBBLE_PULSE_CONFIG parameter. NIBBLE_PULSE_CONFIG Description 0 Fixed high time (7 ticks) 1 Fixed low time (5 ticks), default Table 31 - MLX90422 nibble pulses configuration REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 30 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet The enhanced serial message channel can be enabled or disabled using the SERIAL_CONFIG parameter. SERIAL_CONFIG Description 0 Serial Message is disabled 1 Serial Message is enabled, default Table 32 - MLX90422 enhanced serial message configuration When the enhanced serial message is enabled, it is possible to control whether the short sequence of the extended sequence is used (see section 11.1.6) using the SENT_SLOW_EXTENDED parameter SENT_SLOW_EXTENDED Description 0 Short Sequence Serial Message, default 1 Extended Sequence Serial Message Table 33 - MLX90422 serial sequence message definition Furthermore, when the extended sequence is enabled, it is possible to configure whether or not the field norm extension is used (see section 11.1.6) using the SENT_SLOW_EXTENSION parameter SENT_SLOW_EXTENSION Description 0 without field norm extension 1 with field norm extension, default Table 34 - MLX90422 extended sequence definition 13.2. Output Transfer Characteristic There are 2 different possibilities to define the transfer function (LNR) as specified in Table 35. ▪ With 4 arbitrary points (defined by X and Y coordinates) and 5 slopes ▪ With 17 equidistant points for which only the Y coordinates are defined Output Transfer Characteristic 4POINTS 4 Arbitrary Points 1 17 Equidistant Points 0 Table 35 - Output transfer characteristic selection table REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 31 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.2.1. Clockwise Parameter The CW parameter defines the magnet rotation direction. Rotation Direction CW Clockwise 1 Counter Clockwise 0 Table 36 - Magnet rotation selection table Counter clockwise is the defined by ▪ the 1-4-5-8 pin order direction for the SOIC-8 package ▪ the 1-8-9-16 pin order direction for the TSSOP-16 package ▪ the 1-2-3-4 pin order direction for the DMP-4 package ▪ the 1-2-3 pin order direction for the SMP-3 package ▪ the 1-2-3-4 pin order direction for the SMP-4 package Clockwise if defined by the reverse pin order. Refer to the package drawings in chapter 18. 13.2.2. Discontinuity Point (or Zero Degree Point) The Discontinuity Point defines the 0° point on the circle. The discontinuity point places the origin at any location of the trigonometric circle. The DP is used as reference for all the angular measurements. New Angle = Angle − DP The DP parameter is encoded using a 13-bit two’s complement signed format. The new angle and the input angle are expressed in LSB12. 360 Deg. 0 Deg. Figure 13 - Discontinuity point positioning REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 32 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.2.3. 4-Pts LNR Parameters The LNR parameters, together with the clamping values, fully define the relation (the transfer function) between the digital angle and the output signal. The shape of the MLX90422 four points transfer function from the digital angle value to the digital output is described in the following figure (Figure 14). Seven segments can be programmed but the clamping levels are necessarily flat. Two, three, or even six calibration points are then available, reducing the overall non -linearity of the IC by almost an order of magnitude each time. Three or six calibration point will be preferred by customers looking for excellent non-linearity figures. Two-point calibrations will be preferred by customers looking for a cheaper calibration set-up and shorter calibration time. 100% CLAMPHIGH D Output [%] LNR_D_Y C LNR_C_Y B LNR_B_Y DP(0,0) Slope LNR_C_S Slope LNR_B_S Slope LNR_A_S A LNR_A_Y CLAMPLOW Slope LNR_D_S Slope LNR_S0 LNR_A_X LNR_B_X LNR_C_X LNR_D_X Angle [°] 360 Figure 14 - 4pts linearization parameters description REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 33 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.2.4. 17-Pts LNR Parameters The LNR parameters, together with the clamping values, fully define the relation (the transfer function) between the digital angle and the output signal. The shape of the MLX90422 seventeen points transfer function from the digital angle value to the output voltage is described in the Figure 15. In the 17-Pts mode, the output transfer characteristic is Piece-WiseLinear (PWL). LNR_Y16 16 100 LNR_Y15 LNR_Y14 15 14 Output [%] ... 13 12 11 10 LNR_Y9 LNR_Y8 50 LNR_Y7 9 8 7 Δx = w/16, fixed delta angle, with 6 ... 5 w= 4 LNR_Y3 LNR_Y2 LNR_Y1 DP(0,0) LNR_Y0 16·360° WORK_RANGE_GAIN 3 1 180- w 2 2 180 Angle [°] 180+ w 2 0 Figure 15 - 17pts linearization parameters description All the Y-coordinates can be programmed from -50% up to +150% to allow clamping in the middle of one segment (like on the figure), but the output value is limited to CLAMPLOW and CLAMPHIGH values. Between two consecutive points, the output characteristic is interpolated. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 34 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.2.5. WORK_RANGE Parameter for Angle Range Selection The parameter WORK_RANGE determines the input range on which the 16 segments are uniformly spread. This parameter is provided for compatibility with former versions of Melexis Triaxis sensors. For full featured working range selection, see section 13.2.6. For WORK_RANGE parameter, following table applies. WORK_RANGE Range Δx 17pts WORK_RANGE Range Δx 17pts 0 360.0° 22.5° 8 180.0° 11.3° 1 320.0° 20.0° 9 144.0° 9.0° 2 288.0° 18.0° 10 120.0° 7.5° 3 261.8° 16.4° 11 102.9° 6.4° 4 240.0° 15.0° 12 90.0° 5.6° 5 221.5° 13.8° 13 80.0° 5.0° 6 205.7° 12.9° 14 72.0° 4.5° 7 192.0° 12.0° 15 65.5° 4.1° Table 37 - Work range for 360° periodicity Outside of the selected range, the output will remain at clamping levels. 13.2.6. WORK_RANGE_GAIN Parameter for Angle Range Selection Alternatively, the range for the angle can be selected using the WORK_RANGE_GAIN parameter, which applies a fixed gain to the transfer characteristics. WORK_RANGE_GAIN is coded on 8 bits where the 4 MSb defines the integer part and the 4 LSb the fractional part (in power of twos). Therefore, the following equation applies to define the angle range w: 𝑤= 16 ∗ 360 𝑊𝑂𝑅𝐾_𝑅𝐴𝑁𝐺𝐸_𝐺𝐴𝐼𝑁 Both minimal and maximal angles are then defined by: 𝜃𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 360 − 𝑤 360 + 𝑤 ; 𝜃𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 2 2 where θmin corresponds to the angle yielding 0% output and θmax the angle giving a 100% output. Using WORK_RANGE_GAIN parameter, the anchor point is kept at 180 and the range is symmetrically set around this value. It creates a zoom-in of the angle around this point. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 35 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Following tables give some values as an example: WORK_RANGE_GAIN Factor Range (w) θmin θmax Δx 17pts 0x10 1 360° 0° 360° 22.5° 0x20 2 180° 90° 270° 11.3° 0x40 4 90° 135° 225° 5.6° 0xFF 15.94 22.6° 168.7° 191.3° 1.41° Table 38 - Working range defined by WORK_RANGE_GAIN parameter Outside of the working range, the output will remain at clamping levels. 13.2.7. Thermal OUTSLOPE Offset Correction Two parameters, OUTSLOPE_HOT and OUTSLOPE_COLD, are used to add a temperature dependent offset. In the MLX90422, this offset is applied to the angle just before the clamping function. The offset shift is computed using the device internal linearized temperature as depicted in the figure below (Figure 16). Offset +6.25% (at ΔT= 128°C) OUTSLOPEHOT OUTSLOPECOLD -6.25% (at ΔT= 128°C) -40 Temperature (°C) 35 160 Figure 16 - Temperature compensated offset The thermal offset can be added or subtracted to the output, before the clamping. The span of this offset is ±6.25% of the full output scale for a temperature difference of 128°C. Two thermal coefficients are defined depending on whether the linearized temperature is below (OUTSLOPE_COLD) or above (OUTSLOPE_HOT) the 35°C anchor point. If the device internal temperature is higher than 35°C then: Compensated Angle = Angle − Δ𝑇 ⋅ OUTSLOPE_HOT 64 If the device internal temperature is lower than 35°C then: Compensated Angle = Angle − Δ𝑇 ⋅ OUTSLOPE_COLD 64 Each of the two thermal coefficients is encoded using an 8-bit two’s complement signed format. The thermally compensated angle and the input angle are expressed in LSB12, while the linearized temperature difference ∆T is expressed in °C. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 36 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.2.8. Clamping Parameters The clamping levels are two independent values to limit the output voltage range in normal operation. The CLAMPLOW parameter adjusts the minimum output level. The CLAMPHIGH parameter sets the maximum output level. Both parameters have 12 bits of adjustment and are available for all four LNR modes. The values are encoded in fractional code, from 0% to 100% 13.3. Sensor Front-End Parameter Value SENSING_MODE [0:2] GAINMIN [0:47] GAINMAX [0:47] GAINSATURATION [0:1] Table 39 - Sensing mode and front-end configuration The SENSING_MODE parameter defines which sensing mode and fields are used to calculate the angle. The different possibilities are described in the tables below. This 2-bit value selects the first (B1) and second (B2) field components according to the Table 40 content. SENSING_MODE B1 B2 Motion 0 X Y X-Y Angular Rotary 1 Y Z Y-Z Angular Rotary / Y Linear Position 2 X Z X-Z Angular Rotary / X Linear Position Table 40 - Sensing mode description GAINMIN and GAINMAX define the thresholds on the virtual gain code outside which the fault “GAIN out of Spec.” is reported. When either of the value of GAINMIN or GAINMAX is not within valid limits (see Table 39), the fault reporting is disabled. If GAINSATURATION is set, then the virtual gain code is saturated at GAINMIN and GAINMAX, and no Diagnostic fault is set since the saturations applies before the diagnostic is checked. 13.4. Filtering The MLX90422 features 2 low-pass FIR filter modes controlled with FILTER = 1…2. FILTER = 0 corresponds to no filtering. The transfer function is described by: yn = j a i =0 REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 j 1 a x i =0 i n −i i Page 37 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet This filter characteristic is given in the Table 41. FILTER 0 1 2 Type Disable Coefficients a i 1 11 1111 Title No filter ExtraLight Light DSP cycles (j= nb of taps) 1 2 4 Efficiency RMS (dB) 0 3.0 6.0 Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Table 41 - FIR filter characteristics 13.5. Programmable Diagnostics Settings 13.5.1. Diagnostics Global Enable DIAG_EN should be kept to its default value (1) to retain all functional safety abilities of the MLX90422. This feature shall not be disabled. 13.5.2. Diagnostic Debouncer A debouncing algorithm is available for analog diagnostic reporting. Enabling this debouncer will increase the FHTI of the device. Therefore, Melexis recommends keeping the debouncing of analog faults off, by not modifying below described values. The factory default settings mentioned in chapter 12 should be used. Parameter Description DIAGDEBOUNCE_STEPDOWN Decrement values for debouncer counter. The counter is decremented once per evaluation cycle when no analog fault is detected. DIAGDEBOUNCE_STEPUP Increment value for debouncer counter. The counter is incremented once per evaluation cycle when an analog fault is detected. DIAGDEBOUNCE_THRESH Threshold for debouncer counter to enter diagnostic mode. When set to 0, debouncing is off and analog faults are reported immediately after detection. Table 42 - Diagnostic debouncing parameters Once an analog monitor detects an error, it takes control of the debouncing counter. This counter will be incremented by DIAGDEBOUNCE_STEPUP value each time this specific monitor is evaluated and the error is still present. When the debouncing counter reaches the value defined by DIAGDEBOUNCE_THRESH, an error is reported on the error channel, and the debouncing counter stays clamped to this DEBOUNCE_THRESH value (see section 13.5.6 for SENT error message codes). Once the error disappears, each time its monitor is evaluated, the debouncing counter is decremented by DIAGDEBOUNCE_STEPDOWN value. When the debouncing counter reaches zero, the error disappears from the reporting channel and the debouncing counter is released. To implement proper reporting times, one should refer to the FHTI, see chapter 14.3. The reporting and recovery time are defined in the table below (valid for DIAGDEBOUNCE_THRESH > 0). REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 38 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet Parameter Reporting Time Recovery Time Min Max 𝑇𝐻𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐻 ⌉ − 1) 𝑆𝑇𝐸𝑃𝑈𝑃 𝑇𝐻𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐻 𝐷𝐶𝑇 ∙ (⌈ ⌉) 𝑆𝑇𝐸𝑃𝐷𝑂𝑊𝑁 𝑥 ⌈ ⌉ 𝑦 𝑇𝐻𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐻 ⌉) 𝑆𝑇𝐸𝑃𝑈𝑃 𝑇𝐻𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐻 𝐷𝐶𝑇 ∙ (⌈ ⌉ + 1) 𝑆𝑇𝐸𝑃𝐷𝑂𝑊𝑁 𝐷𝐶𝑇 ∙ (⌈ 𝐷𝐶𝑇 ∙ (⌈ is the ceiling function of x divided by y Table 43 - Diagnostic reporting and recovery times 13.5.3. Over/Under Temperature Diagnostic DIAG_TEMP_THR_HIGH defines the threshold for over temperature detection and is compared to the linearized value of the temperature sensor T LIN. DIAG_TEMP_THR_LOW defines the threshold for under temperature detection and is compared to the linearized value of the temperature sensor T LIN TLIN is encoded using the SENT standard for temperature sensor. One can get the physical temperature TPHY of the die from TLIN using following formula 𝑇𝑃𝐻𝑌 = 𝑇𝐿𝐼𝑁 − 73.15 8 TPHY is expressed in °C and the TLIN is expressed in LSB12. Unlike TLIN, DIAG_TEMP_THR_LOW and DIAG_TEMP_THR_HIGH are encoded using 8-bit unsigned values. Therefore, a factor of 16 must be considered when comparing either threshold to TLIN. The following table summarizes the characteristics of the linearized temperature sensor and the encoding of the temperature monitor thresholds. Parameter Symbol Min Typ. Max Unit TLIN resolution ResTLIN - 0.125 - °C TLIN refresh rate FS,TLIN - 200 - Hz TLIN linearity error TLinErr -8 - 8 °C from -40 to 160°C TLIN linearity error TLinErr -2 - 6 °C from 35 to 125°C High temperature threshold DIAG_TEMP _THR_HIGH - 8 - LSB12 Fixed value, corresponds to -57°C Low temperature threshold DIAG_TEMP _THR_LOW - 136 - LSB12 Fixed value, corresponds to 199°C High/low temperature threshold resolution ResTthr 2 °C Condition 12-bit range 12-bit range Table 44 - Linearized temperature sensor characteristics REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 39 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 13.5.4. High-Temperature Extension Over-Temperature Diagnostic When operating at a junction temperature up to 175°C, the MLX90422 retains all its diagnostic features. There’s no risk of false-positive. Above this temperature, the overheating monitor enters its detection range. The default configuration of this monitor reports a typical junction temperature of 199°C. Due to temperature sensor tolerances and noise at high temperatures, Melexis recommends a safety margin greater than 15°C. Consequently, if the sensor operates up to 190°C of junction temperature, Melexis cannot guarantee that the overheating monitor will not report an error and recommends to adapt the overheating monitor threshold to 207°C. This can be done by reprogramming a custom device configuration (patch) shown in Table 14 below. Contact a Melexis representative for further information. Parameter Patch Content PATCH2_ADDRESS 0x3B0F PATCH2_INSTRUCTION 0x008C Table 45 - High-temperature extension patch to prevent false-positive on overheating monitor 13.5.5. Field Strength and Field Monitoring Diagnostics Field Strength is compensated over the circuit operating temperature range and represents a reliable image of the field intensity generated by the magnet. 13.5.6. SENT Mode Diagnostic Reporting In case of a digital fault, the OUT pin is configured in high-impedance. Conversely, an analog fault is reported by setting the SENT status bit S0 (refer to section 11.1.3). The parameter SENT_DIAG_STRICT controls the behavior of the MSb in the ESM error code (see bit 11 in Table 26). SENT_DIAG_STRICT Description 0 The MSb (in 11 in Table 26) in the ESM error reporting is fixed high, even if no error needs to be reported. 1 The MSb in the ESM error reporting acts as an error reporting flag. Table 46 - ESM error code MSb behavior selection This reporting behavior is only valid for the factory default settings, with the exception of the aforementioned parameters in this section. Other reporting behaviors and further information on the safe-states are available in the safety manual of the MLX90422. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 40 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 14. Functional Safety 14.1. Safety Manual The safety manual, available upon request, contains the necessary information to integrate the MLX90422 component in a safety related item, as a Safety Element Out-of-Context (SEooC). In particular, it includes: ▪ The description of the Product Development lifecycle tailored for the Safety Element. ▪ An extract of the Technical Safety concept. ▪ The description of Assumptions-of-Use (AoU) of the element with respect to its intended use, including:  assumptions on the device safe state;  assumptions on fault tolerant time interval and multiple-point faults detection interval;  assumptions on the context, including its external interfaces; ▪ The description of safety analysis results (at the device level, to be used for the system integration), HW architectural metrics and description of dependent failures initiators. ▪ The description and the result of the functional safety assessment process; list of confirmation measures and description of the independency level. 14.2. Safety Mechanisms The MLX90422 provides numerous self-diagnostic features (safety mechanisms). Those features increase the robustness of the IC functionality either by preventing the IC from providing an erroneous output signal or by reporting the failure according to the SENT protocol definition. Legend ● High coverage ○ Medium coverage ANA: Analog hardware failure reporting mode, described in the safety manual High-Z: A special failure reporting mode where the output is set in high-impedance mode (no HW failsafe mode/timeout, no SW safe startup) DIG: Digital hardware failure reporting mode, described in the safety manual At Startup: A HW fault present at time zero is detected before the first frame is transmitted. DIAG_EN: This safety mechanism can be disabled by setting DIAG_EN = 0 (see chapter 13.5.1). This option should not be used in application mode! Table 47 - Self diagnostic legend REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 41 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Preliminary Datasheet Reporting mode At startup DIAG ○ ANA NO ● ● ○ ANA NO ● Magnetic Signal Conditioning Gain Monitor & Clamping ● ○ ANA YES ● Mag. Sig. Cond. Failure Control by the Chopping Technique ● n/a n/a Category and safety mechanism name Frontend ADC DSP Signal-conditioning Diagnostic ● ● ○ Magnetic Signal Conditioning Voltage Test Pattern ● ○ Magnetic Signal Conditioning Rough Offset Clipping check Support. Func. Module & Package EN ● ● A/D Converter Test Pattern ● ANA NO ● ADC Conversion Errors & Overflow Errors ● ANA YES ● ADC Common Mode Monitor ● n/a YES ANA NO Flux Monitor (Rotary mode) REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Backend ● ○ ● ● Page 42 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Preliminary Datasheet Category and safety mechanism name Frontend Digital-circuit Diagnostic ADC DSP ● ● Backend Support. Func. Module & Package Reporting mode At startup DIAG EN ○ RAM Parity, 1-bit per 16-bit word, ISO D.2.5.2 ● DIG YES ROM Parity, 1-bit per 32-bit word, ISO D.2.5.2 ● DIG YES NVRAM 16-bit signature (run-time) ISO D.2.4.3, by means of SW CRC-CCITT16 ● DIG NO NVRAM Double Error Detection ECC ISO D.2.4.1 ● DIG YES Logical Monitoring of Program Sequence ISO D.2.9.3 via Watchdog "IWD" (CPU clock) ISO D.2.9.2 ● ○ DIG NO Watchdog "AWD" (separate clock) ISO D2.9.1 ● ○ DIG YES CPU Errors "Invalid Address", "Wrong opcode" ● ○ DIG YES ● ADC Interface Checksum ● DIG NO ADC Internal Errors ○ DIG YES DIG NO ● DIG NO ● ● DSP Test Pattern (atan2) ● Critical Ports Monitoring ● ○ ● ADC Data Adder Test - Range Check and Buffer alignment ○ DIG YES ADC Data Adder Error ○ DIG YES ● ANA NO ● ● DIG NO ● DSP Overflow SENT Fall Collision detection (SENT pulse generator) REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 ○ ○ Page 43 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Preliminary Datasheet Category and safety mechanism name Frontend ADC DSP Backend Support. Func. Module & Package Reporting mode At startup DIAG ● Communication Interface Diagnostic ● SENT Protection Against Re-configuration at Run-time ● DIG NO SENT Frame Counter & Redundant Nibble ● n/a n/a System-level Diagnostic ● ● Supply Voltage Monitors (all supply domains except VDD_OV & POR) ● ● ANA YES External Supply Over-voltage Monitor ● ● High-Z YES Digital Supply Under-voltage Monitor (Power-on Reset) ● ● High-Z YES ● ANA YES ○ ○ ○ HW Error Controller ● ● ● DIG n/a HW Fail-safe mode with timeout ● ● ● High-Z n/a ● ANA n/a ● ● DIG n/a ● ● DIG YES Overheating Monitor ○ ○ EN ● ● Warning/Reporting Mechanisms Analog-type Error management Safe start-up mode ● ● Mechanisms executed at start-up only RAM March-C HW Test at start-up Table 48 - MLX90422 list of self-diagnostics with characteristics REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 44 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 14.3. Fault Handling Time Interval The Fault handling Time Interval (FHTI) is the time interval between the start of the first frame with invalid position value without notice, and the end of the last frame preceding a fail -safe state of the IC. The following table provides the worst-case FHTI for both an analog fault and a digital fault in MLX90422. Case FHTI Analog Fault DCTANA + 2 Tframe Digital Fault DCTDIG Comment Refer to section 7.3 for the DCTANA and Tframe values Refer to section 7.3 for the DCTDIG value Table 49 - Worst-case FHTI The FHTI values provided here are valid only for the default factory settings. A full list of timings is available in the safety manual of the MLX90422, including cycle times, execution times and reporting times for every implemented safety mechanism. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 45 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 15. Recommended Application Diagrams 15.1. Wiring with the MLX90422 in SOIC-8 Package 1 R1 VDD 7 VDEC C1 C4 C3 8 VSS C5 MLX90422 2,3,4,6 C2 5 R2 X OUT Figure 17 - Recommended wiring for the MLX90422 in SOIC-8 package Component Min Typ. Max C1 - 220 nF - C2(CL) 1 nF 10 nF 22 nF C3 - 100 nF 220 nF C4 - - 1 nF C5 - - 1 nF R1 - - 10 Ω R2 - - - Remark Optional, for improved EMC robustness Table 50 - Recommended values for the MLX90422 in SOIC-8 Package For best EMC performance, C1, C2 and C3 with typical values need to be placed as close as possible to the IC. To further improve EMC robustness, a 1nF capacitor can be placed close to the connector (C4, C5) and a 10 Ohm resistor added in series with the supply line (R1). REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 46 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 15.2. Wiring with the MLX90422 in TSSOP-16 Package R11 3 VDD1 1 VDEC1 C11 C14 C13 2,16 VSS1 C15 4,13,14 C12 R12 X1 15 OUT1 R21 MLX90422 11 VDD2 9 VDEC2 C24 C21 C23 8, 10 VSS2 C25 5,7,12 C22 6 R22 X2 OUT2 Figure 18 - Recommended wiring for the MLX90422 in TSSOP-16 package (dual die) Component Min Typ. Max Cx1 - 220 nF - Cx2(CL) 1 nF 10 nF 22 nF Cx3 - 100 nF 220 nF Cx4 - - 1 nF Cx5 - - 1 nF Rx1 - - 10 Ω Rx2 - - - Remark Optional, for improved EMC robustness Table 51 - Recommended values for the MLX90422 in TSSOP-16 Package For best EMC performance, Cx1, Cx2 and Cx3 with typical values need to be placed as close as possible to the IC. To further improve EMC robustness, a 1nF capacitor can be placed close to the connector (Cx4, Cx5) and a 10 Ohm resistor added in series with the supply line (Rx1). REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 47 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 15.3. Wiring with the MLX90422 in DMP-4 Package (built-in capacitors) MLX90422 VDD C4 C1 VSS C3 VDEC C2 OUT 4 VSS 3 OUT MLX90422 2 VDD VDEC 1 VSS Figure 19 - Internal wiring of the MLX90422 in DMP-4 Component Value Remark C1 220 nF Supply capacitor C2 10 nF Output capacitor C3 100 nF Decoupling capacitor C4 - Not mounted Table 52 - DMP-4 capacitors configuration REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 48 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 15.4. Wiring with the MLX90422 in SMP-3 Package (built-in capacitors) MLX90422 VDD VDEC VSS OUT C2 C1 C3 VDD OUT 2 1 VSS 3 Figure 20 - Internal wiring of the MLX90422 in SMP-3 Component Value Remark C1 220nF Supply capacitor C2 100nF Decoupling capacitor C3 10nF Output capacitor Table 53 - SMP-3 capacitors configuration REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 49 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 15.5. Wiring with the MLX90422 in SMP-4 Package (built-in capacitors) VDEC VDEC C5 90422 OUT VDD VSS C3 C6 90422 VSS VDD OUT C1 C4 C2 OUT1 VSS OUT2 4 3 2 1 VDD Figure 21 - Internal wiring of the MLX90422 in SMP-4 Component Value Remark C1 C2 220nF Supply capacitor C3 C4 10nF Output capacitor C5 C6 100nF Decoupling capacitor Table 54 - SMP-4 capacitors configuration REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 50 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 16. Standard information regarding manufacturability of Melexis products with different soldering processes Our products are classified and qualified regarding soldering technology, solderability and moisture sensitivity level according to standards in place in Semiconductor industry. For further details about test method references and for compliance verification of selected soldering method for product integration, Melexis recommends reviewing on our web site the General Guidelines soldering recommendation (http://www.melexis.com/en/quality-environment/soldering) For all soldering technologies deviating from the one mentioned in above document (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile, etc.), additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. For package technology embedding trim and form post-delivery capability, Melexis recommends consulting the dedicated trim & form recommendation application note : “Lead Trimming and Forming Recommendations” (http://www.melexis.com/en/documents/documentation/application-notes/leadtrimming-and-forming-recommendations). Melexis is contributing to global environmental conservation by promoting lead free solutions. For more information on qualifications of RoHS compliant products (RoHS = European directive on the Restriction Of the use of certain Hazardous Substances) please visit the quality page on our website: http://www.melexis.com/en/quality-environment. 17. ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 51 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18. Package Information 18.1. SOIC-8 - Package Information 18.1.1. SOIC-8 - Package Dimensions 1.27 TYP NOTES: 3.81 5.80 3.99** 6.20 4.80 4.98* All dimensions are in millimeters (angles in degrees). * Dimension does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs (shall not exceed 0.15 per side). ** Dimension does not include interleads flash or protrusion (shall not exceed 0.25 per side). *** Dimension does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08 mm total in excess of the dimension at maximum material condition. Dambar cannot be located on the lower radius of the foot. 1.37 1.57 1.52 1.72 0.36 0.46*** 0.19 0.25 0° 8° 0.100 0.250 0.41 1.27 Figure 22 - SOIC-8 package outline drawing 18.1.2. SOIC-8 - Pinout and Marking 8 Part Number MLX90422 (3 digits) Die Version (3 digits) Out N.C. VDEC VSS Marking : 5 Top F 422Axx F12345 Xy-L Axx 12345 Lot number (5 digits) Fab Identifier (1 letter) Xy-L Split lot number (up to 4 letters) + “-L“ N.C. Test2 Test1 4 VDD 1 422 Bottom YY WW Week Date code (2 digits) Year Date code (2 digits) Figure 23 - SOIC-8 pinout and marking REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 52 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.1.3. SOIC-8 - Sensitive Spot Positioning CW 8 7 6 5 CCW X 1.25 1.65 1 2 3 0.46 +/- 0.06 4 1.96 2.26 Y Figure 24 - SOIC-8 sensitive spot position 18.1.4. SOIC-8 - Angle Detection 7 6 N 8 S ~ 0 Deg.* ~ 90 Deg.* 5 8 7 4 1 2 6 5 3 4 N S 1 2 3 ~ 180 Deg.* 8 7 6 ~ 270 Deg.* 5 8 7 6 5 3 4 S NN S 1 2 3 N 4 1 2 * No absolute reference for the angular information. Figure 25 - SOIC-8 angle detection The MLX90422 is an absolute angular position sensor but the linearity error (See section 9) does not include the error linked to the absolute reference 0 Deg. This reference can be fixed in the application through the discontinuity point. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 53 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.2. TSSOP-16 - Package Information 18.2.1. TSSOP-16 - Package Dimensions 0.65 ± 0.04 12O REF 0.20 ± 0.04 1.0 DIA REF 0.09 MIN 4.30 4.50** 6.4 ± 0.2 0.09 MIN 1.0 REF 12O REF 1.0 REF 0.50 0.75 0O 8O 1.0 ± 0.2 0.85 0.95 4.90 5.10* 0.09 0.20 1.1 MAX 0.19 0.30*** 0.05 0.15 NOTES: All dimensions are in millimeters (angles in degrees). * Dimension does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs (shall not exceed 0.15 per side). ** Dimension does not include interleads flash or protrusion (shall not exceed 0.25 per side). *** Dimension does not include dambar protrusion. Allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08 mm total in excess of the dimension at maximum material condition. Dambar cannot be located on the lower radius of the foot. REF: Reference dimensions as stated in packaging supplier POD, based on JEDEC. Figure 26 - TSSOP-16 package outline drawing 18.2.2. TSSOP-16 - Pinout and Marking VSS2 VDEC2 Test12 VDD2 N.C. Test21 N.C. Out1 Marking : Part Number MLX90422 (3 digits) Die Version (3 digits) 9 16 Top F 422Axx F12345 Xy-L 8 Axx 12345 Lot number (5 digits) Fab Identifier (1 letter) Xy-L Bottom N.C. N.C. OUT2 Test22 VDD1 Test11 VSS1 VDEC1 1 422 YY Split lot number (up to 4 letters) + “-L“ WW Week Date code (2 digits) Year Date code (2 digits) Figure 27 - TSSOP-16 pinout and marking REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 54 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.2.3. TSSOP-16 - Sensitive Spot Positioning CW X2 16 9 Die 1 Y2 Die 2 Y1 0.30 +/- 0.06 CCW 1.95 2.45 1 8 1.86 2.06 X1 2.71 2.91 Figure 28 - TSSOP-16 sensitive spot position 18.2.4. TSSOP-16 - Angle Detection ~ 180 Deg.* 16 9 9 Die 1 Die 2 S 8 1 ~ 0 Deg.* 16 8 ~ 270 Deg.* 9 9 Die 1 S N 1 ~ 90 Deg.* 16 S Die 1 S N Die 2 1 ~ 180 Deg.* ~ 270 Deg.* 16 N Die 1 ~ 90 Deg.* Die 2 N ~ 0 Deg.* Die 2 8 1 8 * No absolute reference for the angular information. Figure 29 - TSSOP-16 angle detection The MLX90422 is an absolute angular position sensor but the linearity error (See section 9) does not include the error linked to the absolute reference 0 Deg. This reference can be fixed in the application through the discontinuity point. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 55 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.3. DMP-4 - Package Information 18.3.1. DMP-4 - Package Outline Dimensions (POD) - Straight Leads Figure 30 - DMP-4 straight leads package outline drawing 18.3.2. DMP-4 - Package Outline Dimensions (POD) - STD2 2.54 Figure 31 - DMP-4 STD2 2.54 package outline drawing REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 56 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.3.3. DMP-4 - Package Outline Dimensions (POD) - STD4 2.54 Figure 32 - DMP-4 STD4 2.54 package outline drawing 18.3.4. DMP-4 - Marking 422Axx Fxxxxx XyXz-L YYWW Marking : Part Number MLX90422 (3 digits) Die Version (3 digits) Upper part 422 F Axx 12345 Lot number (5 digits) Fab Identifier (1 letter) 1 x 220nF 1 x 100nF 1 x 10nF 1 2 3 4 XyXz-L YY Split lot number (up to 4 letters) + “-L“ WW Week Date code (2 digits) Year Date code (2 digits) Lower part Capacitor configuration Figure 33 - DMP-4 Marking REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 57 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.3.5. DMP-4 - Sensitive Spot Positioning CW Y Xc=0.23 X CCW Yc = 3.67 Dimensions in “mm” Zc=0.495 Figure 34 - DMP-4 sensitive spot position 18.3.6. DMP-4 - Angle Detection ~ 0 Deg.* ~ 90 Deg.* S S N N ~ 180 Deg.* ~ 270 Deg.* N S N S * No absolute reference for the angular information. Figure 35 - DMP-4 angle detection The MLX90422 is an absolute angular position sensor but the linearity error (See section 9) does not include the error linked to the absolute reference 0 Deg. This reference can be fixed in the application through the discontinuity point. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 58 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.4. SMP-3 - Package Information 18.4.1. SMP-3 - Package Outline Dimension (POD) Figure 36 - SMP-3 package outline drawing REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 59 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.4.2. SMP-3 - Marking Marking : Top Part Number 422Axx-L Die Version 422 -L Fxxxxx Fxxxxx Application Code Assembly Lot Number 3 2 1 Axx Bottom Part Number 422Axx-L Die Version 422 Fxxxxx YYWW CCCCC Axx -L Application Code Fxxxxx Assembly Lot Number YYWW Year (YY) and Week (WW) date code CCCCC Capacitor Configuration Figure 37 - SMP-3 marking 18.4.3. SMP-3 - Sensitive Spot Positioning CW 3.95 ± 0.15 0.546 ± 0.06 X 0.74 CCW ±0.15 Y Figure 38 - SMP-3 sensitive spot position REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 60 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.4.4. SMP-3 - Angle Detection Angle detection SMP-3 ~ 0 Deg.* ~ 90 Deg.* N S S N ~ 180 Deg.* ~ 270 Deg.* S N S N * No absolute reference for the angular information. Figure 39 - SMP-3 angle detection REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 61 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.5. SMP-4 - Package Information 18.5.1. SMP-4 - Package Outline Dimension (POD) Figure 40 - SMP-4 package outline drawing REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 62 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.5.2. SMP-4 - Marking Marking : Top 422Axx-L Part Number Die Version 422 Fxxxxx a -L Fxxxxx b 2 1 Axx Application Code Assembly Lot Number c 3 4 Bottom Part Number 422Axx-L Die Version 422 Fxxxxx YYWW CCCCCC Axx -L Application Code Fxxxxx Assembly Lot Number YYWW Year (YY) and Week (WW) date code CCCCCC Capacitor Configuration Figure 41 - SMP-4 marking 18.5.3. SMP-4 - Sensitive Spot Positioning CW X2 5.015 ± 0.15 0.546 ± 0.06 Y2 Y1 0.82 CCW ±0.15 X1 Figure 42 - SMP-4 sensitive spot position REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 63 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 18.5.4. SMP-4 - Angle Detection ~ 180 Deg.* ~ 0 Deg.* ~ 90 Deg.* ~ 270 Deg.* N ~ 270 Deg.* S S ~ 90 Deg.* N S ~ 0 Deg.* S N ~ 180 Deg.* N Figure 43 - SMP-4 angle detection 18.6. Packages Thermal Performances The table below describes the thermal behavior of available packages following JEDEC EIA/JESD 51.X standard. Package Junction to case - θjc Junction to ambient - Junction to ambient θja (JEDEC 1s2p board) θja (JEDEC 1s0p board) SOIC-8 38.8 K/W 112 K/W 153 K/W TSSOP-16 27.6 K/W 99.1 K/W 137 K/W DMP-4 32.2 K/W - 88.7 K/W (21) SMP-3 34.4 K/W - 206 K/W (21) SMP-4 20.8 K/W - 140 K/W (21) Table 55 - Standard packages thermal performances 21 PCB-less solutions have been evaluated in a typical application case. Values for these packages are given as informative. REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 64 of 65 MLX90422 Triaxis® Position Sensor IC Datasheet 19. Contact For the latest version of this document, go to our website at www.melexis.com/MLX90422. For additional information, please get in touch, http://www.melexis.com/sales-contact. 20. Disclaimer The content of this document is believed to be correct and accurate. However, the content of this document is furnished "as is" for informational use only and no representation, nor warranty is provided by Melexis about its accuracy, nor about the results of its implementation. Melexis assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this document. Customer will follow the practices contained in this document under its sole responsibility. 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The confidential ity obligations set forth in this disclaimer will have indefinite duration and in any case they will be effective for no less than 10 years from the receipt of this document. This disclaimer will be governed by and construed in accordance with Belgian law and any disputes relating to this disclaimer will be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts of Brussels, Belgium. The invalidity or ineffectiveness of any of the provisions of this disclaimer does not affect the validity or effectiveness o f the other provisions. The previous versions of this document are repealed. Melexis © - No part of this document may be reproduced without the prior written consent of Melexis. (2021) IATF 16949 and ISO 14001 Certified REVISION 002 - 25 JAN 2022 3901090422 Page 65 of 65