TH7107EFC

TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Features ! Fully integrated, PLL-stabilized VCO ! Frequency range from 310 MHz to 440 MHz ! FSK through crystal pulling allows modulation from DC to 40 kbit/s ! High FSK deviation possible for wideband data transmission ! ASK achieved by on/off keying of internal power amplifier ! FM possible with external varactor ! Wide power supply range from 2.2 V to 5.5 V ! High over-all frequency accuracy ! Very low standby current ! Adjustable output power range from -12 dBm to +2 dBm ! Adjustable current consumption from 4.8 mA to 11.5 mA ! FSK deviation and center frequency independently adjustable ! Differential output well-suited for loop antenna ! External clock available for µC drive, down to 1.9 V supply ! ”Clock only” mode ! Conforms to EN 300 220 and similar standards Ordering Information Part No. Temperature Code Package Code TH7107 E (-40 C° to 85 °C) FC (QSOP16) Application Examples ! ! ! ! ! Pin Description Keyless car and central locking Low-power telemetry Alarm and security systems General digital data transmission General analog audio signal transmission LF1 1 16 LF2 SUB 2 15 VCC DATA 3 14 VEE RO2 4 RO1 5 13 OUT1 TH7107 12 OUT2 ENTX 6 11 VEE ENCK 7 10 VCC CKOUT 8 9 PS General Description The TH7107 FSK/ASK/FM transmitter IC is designed for applications in the European 433MHz industrialscientific-medical (ISM) band, according to the EN 300 220 telecommunications standard. It can also be used for any other system with carrier frequencies ranging from 310 MHz to 440 MHz (e.g. for applications in the US 315MHz ISM band). The transmitter's carrier frequency fc is determined by the frequency of the reference crystal fref that is used. The integrated PLL synthesizer ensures that each RF value, ranging from 310 MHz to 440 MHz, can be achieved by using a crystal with reference frequency according to: fref = fc/N, where N = 32 is the PLL feedback divider ratio. 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 1 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Document Content 1 Theory of Operation ...................................................................................................3 1.1 General............................................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Block Diagram .................................................................................................................... 3 2 Functional Description ..............................................................................................4 2.1 FSK Modulation .................................................................................................................. 4 2.2 Frequency Modulation ........................................................................................................ 4 2.3 ASK Modulation.................................................................................................................. 4 2.4 Mode Control Logic............................................................................................................. 4 3 Pin Definition and Description ..................................................................................5 4 Electrical Characteristics ..........................................................................................7 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings ................................................................................................ 7 4.2 Normal Operating Conditions.............................................................................................. 7 4.3 Crystal Parameters............................................................................................................. 7 4.4 DC Characteristics.............................................................................................................. 8 4.5 AC Characteristics.............................................................................................................. 8 4.6 Output Power Selection ...................................................................................................... 8 5 Crystal Pulling ............................................................................................................9 5.1 Center Frequency as Function of CX1 and CX2 ................................................................. 9 5.2 Frequency Deviation as Function of CX1 and CX2 ........................................................... 10 6 Test Circuit ...............................................................................................................11 6.1 Test circuit component list (Fig. 4) .................................................................................... 11 7 Spectrum Plots.........................................................................................................12 8 Package Information ................................................................................................14 9 Reliability Information..............................................................................................15 10 ESD Precautions ......................................................................................................15 11 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................16 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 2 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 1 Theory of Operation 1.1 General As depicted in Fig.1, the TH7107 transmitter consists of a fully integrated voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), a divide-by-32 divider (div32), a phase-frequency detector (PFD) and a charge pump. An external loop filter at pin LF determines the dynamic behavior of the PLL and suppresses reference spurious signals. The VCO’s output signal feeds the power amplifier (PA). RF signal power Po can be adjusted in six steps from Po = –12 dBm to +2 dBm either by changing the value of resistor RPS or by varying the voltage VPS at pin PS. The open-collector differential output (OUT1, OUT2) can be used to either directly drive a loop antenna or to be converted to a single-ended impedance by means of a balanced-to-unbalanced (balun) transformer. For maximum available output power, the differential output should be matched to a load of about 1 kΩ. Bandgap biasing ensures stable operation of the IC at a power supply range of 2.2 V to 5.5 V. 1.2 Block Diagram RPS VCC 10 VCC 15 9 PS VEE 14 CKOUT 8 div 4 PA div32 RO1 OUT2 12 PFD 5 XTAL mode control RO2 charge pump 4 CX1 3 DATA 1 LF1 16 LF2 antenna or balun VCC VEE 11 VCO XOSC CX2 OUT1 13 ENCK 7 ENTX 6 2 SUB CF1 RF1 CF2 Fig. 1: Block diagram with external components 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 3 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 2 Functional Description 2.1 FSK Modulation A Colpitts crystal oscillator (XOSC) is used as the reference oscillator of a phase-locked loop (PLL) synthesizer. FSK modulation is achieved by pulling the crystal (XTAL) through the data. So a CMOS-compatible data stream applied at input DATA digitally modulates the XOSC. Two external pulling capacitors CX1 and CX2 allow the FSK deviation and center frequency to be adjusted independently. At DATA = LOW CX2 is connected in parallel to CX1 leading to the low-frequency component of the FSK spectrum (fmin); while at DATA = HIGH CX2 is deactivated and the XOSC is set to its high frequency, leading to fmax. An external reference signal can be directly AC-coupled to pin RO1. Then the TH7107 is used without an XTAL. The reference signal has to contain the FSK (or FM) and sets the carrier frequency. 2.2 Frequency Modulation For FM operation an external varactor is required. It simply acts as a pulling capacitor connected in series to the crystal. Then the analog modulation signal, applied through a series resistor, directly modulates the XOSC. 2.3 ASK Modulation The TH7107 can be ASK-modulated by applying data directly at pin PS. This turns the PA on and off and therefore leads to an ASK signal at the output. 2.4 Mode Control Logic The mode control logic allows four different modes of operation as listed in the following table. The mode control pins ENCK and ENTX are pulled-down internally. This guarantees that the whole circuit is shut down if these pins are left floating. The clock output CKOUT can be used to drive a µC. This output can be activated by the ENCK pin as required for any specific application. Clock frequency is 1/4 of the reference crystal frequency. ENCK ENTX Mode Description 0 0 all OFF whole circuit in standby 0 1 TX only TX active, no clock available 1 0 clock only TX standby and clock available 1 1 all ON TX active and clock available 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 4 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 3 Pin Definition and Description Pin No. 1 Name LF1 I/O Type Functional Schematic output Description charge pump output, connection to loop filter LF1 200Ω 1 2 SUB ground negative power supply, substrate connection 3 DATA input FSK data input, CMOS-compatible DATA 1.8k 3 4 RO2 analog I/O XOSC FSK pulling pin, MOS switch RO2 4 5 RO1 analog I/O 37k RO1 5 XOSC connection to XTAL, Colpitts type crystal oscillator 28p 28p 6 ENTX input ENTX 1.1k mode control input, CMOScompatible with internal pulldown 1.1k mode control input, CMOScompatible with internal pulldown 6 7 ENCK input ENCK 7 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 5 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Pin No. 8 Name CKOUT I/O Type Functional Schematic Description output clock output, CMOS-compatible CKOUT 200Ω 8 9 PS power-select and ASK input, high-impedance comparator logic analog I/O 20µA PS 200Ω TX standby: IPS = 0 TX active: IPS = 20µA 9 10 VCC supply positive power supply 11 VEE ground negative power supply 12 OUT2 output 13 OUT1 output VCC differential power amplifier output, open collector VCC OUT2 OUT1 12 13 VEE differential power amplifier output, open collector VEE VEE 14 VEE ground negative power supply 15 VCC supply positive power supply 16 LF2 input VCO tuning input, connection from loop filter LF2 200Ω 16 5p 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 6 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 4 Electrical Characteristics 4.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Parameter Symbol Condition Min Max Unit Supply voltage VCC 0 7.0 V Input voltage VIN -0.3 VCC+0.3 V Storage temperature TSTG -65 150 °C Junction temperature TJ 150 °C Thermal Resistance RthJA 112 K/W Power dissipation Pdiss 0.12 W Electrostatic discharge VESD1 human body model, 1) -1.0 +1.0 VESD2 human body model, 2) -0.75 +0.75 Min Max Unit 1) all pins except OUT1, OUT2 4.2 kV 2) pins OUT1, OUT2 Normal Operating Conditions Parameter Symbol Condition Supply voltage VCC 2.2 5.5 V Operating temperature TA -40 85 °C Input low voltage CMOS VIL ENTX, ENCK, DTA pins 0.3*VCC V Input high voltage CMOS VIH ENTX, ENCK, DTA pins XOSC frequency fref set by the crystal 9.7 13.75 MHz VCO frequency fc fc = 32 • fref 310 440 MHz Clock frequency fclk fc = fref / 4 2.4 3.4 MHz ±5 ±100 kHz 0.7*VCC V FSK deviation ∆fFSK depends on CX1, CX2 and crystal parameter Data rate FSK RFSK NRZ 40 kbit/s FM deviation ∆fFM adjustable with V1 and CX3 ±6 kHz Modulation frequency FM fmod 5 kHz Data rate ASK RASK 40 kbit/s Min Max Unit 9.7 13.75 MHz 10 15 pF 4.3 NRZ Crystal Parameters Parameter Symbol Condition Crystal frequency f0 Load capacitance CL Static capacitance C0 7 pF Resonance resistance R1 60 Ω -10 dB Spurious response 3901007107 Rev. 008 aspur fundamental mode, AT only required for FSK Page 7 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 4.4 DC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V Parameter Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit 0.05 0.1 µA Standby current ISBY ENCK=0, ENTX=0 Clock only current ICLK ENCK=1, ENTX=0 0.7 0.9 1.6 mA Operating current ICC ENCK=x, ENTX=1, RPS=56kΩ 6 8.6 12 mA Input current IIN DATA=x, ENCK=0, ENTX=0 -1 1 µA Pull down current IPD ENCK=1, ENTX=1 3 8 30 µA Pull up current IPS ENCK=1, ENTX=1 14 20 24 µA MOS switch On resistance RON DATA=0, ENTX=1 10 25 80 Ω Typ Max Unit 4.5 AC Characteristics all parameters under normal operating conditions, unless otherwise stated; typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V; ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, RPS = 56 kΩ, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4 Parameter Symbol Output power Po Reference spurs Pref Clock spurs Pclk Harmonic content Pharm Condition Min -1 dBm @ fc ± fref -44 dBm @ fc ± fclk -44 dBm @ 2fc , 3fc , 4fc -40 dBm dBm Spurious output signal Poff VPS ≤ 0.1V -60 Phase noise PN @ fc ± 200kHz -83 VCO gain Charge pump current Clock voltage swing 4.6 dBc/Hz KVCO 200 MHz/V ICP ±260 µA 2 Vpp VCKOUT Start-up time -79 Cload = 5pF ton from ”all OFF” to any other mode 1.2 1.4 ms Output Power Selection typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V: ENCK = 1, ENTX = 1, fc = 433.6 MHz, test circuit shown in Fig. 4 RPS / kΩ Ω ≥ 68 56 47 39 27 15 VPS/ V ≥2 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.5 0.3 Icc / mA 11.5 8.6 7.3 6.2 5.3 4.8 Po / dBm 2 -1 -4 -7 -10 -12 Pharm / dBm ≤-40 ≤-40 ≤-40 ≤-45 ≤-45 ≤-50 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 8 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 5 Crystal Pulling 5.1 Center Frequency as Function of CX1 and CX2 The center frequency fC is defined as (fmax + fmin) /2. typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V: XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 2 CX2 = 1 nF CX2 = 100 pF CX2 = 47 pF CX1 / pF fC / MHz fC / MHz fC / MHz 22 433.612 433.619 433.625 32 433.604 433.610 433.614 40 433.598 433.604 433.608 49 433.596 433.601 433.604 61 433.593 433.598 433.600 104 433.587 433.630 433.625 fC / MHz 433.620 433.615 Cx2 = 1nF 433.610 CX2 = 100pF 433.605 Cx2 = 47pF 433.600 433.595 433.590 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Cx1/pF Fig. 2: Center frequency vs. CX1, at different CX2 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 9 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 5.2 Frequency Deviation as Function of CX1 and CX2 The frequency deviation ∆f is defined as (fmax - fmin) /2. typical values at TA = 23 °C and VCC = 3 V: XTAL = 13.55 MHz, Cload = 15 pF, shown in Fig. 3 CX2 = 1 nF CX2 = 100 pF CX2 = 47 pF CX1 / pF ± ∆f / kHz ± ∆f / kHz ± ∆f / kHz 22 34 27 21 32 25 19 14 40 20 14 10 49 17 11.5 8 61 13 9 5.5 104 8 40 35 f / kHz 30 25 Cx2 = 1nF 20 CX2 = 100pF 15 Cx2 = 47pF 10 5 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Cx1/pF Fig. 3: Frequency deviation vs. CX1, at different CX2 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 10 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter C1 C6 9 10 ENCK 7 PS XTAL RF1 R3 CX3 CF2 CKOUT VEE ENTX 6 RO1 5 4 RO2 DATA 3 SUB 2 1 LF1 RF2 CX2 RPS VCC 11 12 13 L2 14 L1 OUT1 LF2 16 Fig. 4: Test circuit for FSK, ASK and FM; with 50Ω matching network C5 C2 VEE C3 8 L3 C4 OUT2 OUT 15 Test Circuit VCC 6 CX1 CF1 V1 R1 6.1 1 2 1 2 3 VCC ENCK GND 1 2 CKOUT GND 1 2 ENTX GND 1 2 FSK GND 1 2 VCC GND C7 FM/ASK GND R2 Test circuit component list (Fig. 4) Part Size Value Tolerance CF1 CF2 CX1_FSK CX1_ASK CX2 CX3 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 L1 L2 L3 RF1 RF2 RPS R1 R2 R3 V1 XTAL 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0603 0805 0805 0603 0603 0603 1206 0603 0603 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 0805 SOD323 HC49/S 10 nF 12 pF 39 pF 68 pF 1 nF 1 nF 2.7 pF 0.68 pF 3.9 pF 150 pF 330 pF 330 pF 220 nF 22 nH 22 nH 33 nH 2.0 kΩ 4.3 kΩ 56 kΩ 470 kΩ 30 kΩ 0Ω BB535 13.55 MHz fundamental wave ±10% ±10% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% ±20% ±5% ±5% ±5% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±10% ±30ppm calibr. ±30ppm temp. Description loop filter capacitor loop filter capacitor XOSC capacitor for FSK (∆f = ±20 kHz), note 1 XOSC capacitor for ASK, trimmed to fC, note 1 XOSC capacitor (for FSK only), note 1 XOSC capacitor (for FM only) impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor impedance matching capacitor blocking capacitor blocking capacitor blocking capacitor impedance matching inductor impedance matching inductor impedance matching inductor loop filter resistor loop filter resistor power-select resistor optional pull-up resistor varactor bias resistor, (for FM only) ASK jumper, (for ASK only) varactor diode (for FM only) crystal, Cload = 12 pF to 15 pF, C0, max = 7 pF, Rm, max = 40 Ω Note 1: value depends on crystal parameters 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 11 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 7 Spectrum Plots All plots depict TH7107‘s typical performance at VCC = 3.0 V and TA = 23 °C, derived with the test circuit shown in Fig. 4. Fig. 5: RF output signal and spurious emissions, CW mode (DATA = HIGH) Fig. 6: Single-sideband phase noise at 500 kHz offset, CW mode (DATA = HIGH) 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 12 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter Fig. 7: FSK modulation with RFSK = 6.6 kbit/s NRZ Fig. 8: ASK modulation with RASK = 4 kbit/s NRZ Fig. 9: FM with fmod = 2 kHz, FM input signal with 1 Vpp around 1.5 VDC, DATA = HIGH 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 13 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 8 Package Information D ZD e 7° E E1 16 1 b 0.254 (0.010) L DETAIL-A 7° + 3° DETAIL-A C A1 A A2 0.36 x 45° BSC (0.0014x45°) .10 (.004) Fig. 10: QSOP16 (Quarter size Small Outline Package) all Dimension in mm, coplanarity < 0.1mm D E1 E A A1 A2 min 4.80 3.81 5.79 1.35 0.10 1.37 max 4.98 3.99 6.20 1.75 0.25 1.50 e 0.635 b 0.20 0.30 ZD 0.230 C L α 0.19 0.40 0° 0.25 1.27 8° 0.075 0.016 0° 0.098 0.050 8° all Dimension in inch, coplanarity < 0.004” min 0.189 0.150 0.228 0.0532 0.0040 0.054 max 0.196 0.157 0.244 0.0688 0.0098 0.059 3901007107 Rev. 008 0.025 Page 14 of 16 0.008 0.012 0.009 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 9 Reliability Information Melexis devices are classified and qualified regarding suitability for infrared, vapor phase and wave soldering with usual (63/37 SnPb-) solder (melting point at 183degC). The following test methods are applied: • • • IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020A (issue April 1999) Moisture/Reflow Sensitivity Classification For Nonhermetic Solid State Surface Mount Devices CECC00802 (issue 1994) Standard Method For The Specification of Surface Mounting Components (SMDs) of Assessed Quality MIL 883 Method 2003 / JEDEC-STD-22 Test Method B102 Solderability For all soldering technologies deviating from above mentioned standard conditions (regarding peak temperature, temperature gradient, temperature profile etc) additional classification and qualification tests have to be agreed upon with Melexis. The application of Wave Soldering for SMD’s is allowed only after consulting Melexis regarding assurance of adhesive strength between device and board. For more information on manufacturability/solderability see quality page at our website: http://www.melexis.com/ 10 ESD Precautions Electronic semiconductor products are sensitive to Electro Static Discharge (ESD). Always observe Electro Static Discharge control procedures whenever handling semiconductor products. Your Notes 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 15 of 16 Data Sheet May/03 TH7107 315/433MHz FSK/FM/ASK Transmitter 11 Disclaimer Devices sold by Melexis are covered by the warranty and patent indemnification provisions appearing in its Term of Sale. Melexis makes no warranty, express, statutory, implied, or by description regarding the information set forth herein or regarding the freedom of the described devices from patent infringement. Melexis reserves the right to change specifications and prices at any time and without notice. Therefore, prior to designing this product into a system, it is necessary to check with Melexis for current information. This product is intended for use in normal commercial applications. Applications requiring extended temperature range, unusual environmental requirements, or high reliability applications, such as military, medical lifesupport or life-sustaining equipment are specifically not recommended without additional processing by Melexis for each application. The information furnished by Melexis is believed to be correct and accurate. However, Melexis shall not be liable to recipient or any third party for any damages, including but not limited to personal injury, property damage, loss of profits, loss of use, interrupt of business or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, of any kind, in connection with or arising out of the furnishing, performance or use of the technical data herein. No obligation or liability to recipient or any third party shall arise or flow out of Melexis’ rendering of technical or other services. © 2002 Melexis NV. All rights reserved. For the latest version of this document. Go to our website at www.melexis.com Or for additional information contact Melexis Direct: Europe and Japan: All other locations: Phone: +32 1367 0495 E-mail: sales_europe@melexis.com Phone: +1 603 223 2362 E-mail: sales_usa@melexis.com QS9000, VDA6.1 and ISO14001 Certified 3901007107 Rev. 008 Page 16 of 16 Data Sheet May/03