MLX90308CCCUD

MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Features and Benefits Microprocessor-controlled signal conditioning for bridge-type sensors Suited for low-cost sensors: reduction of non-linearity by programmable coefficients External or internal temperature sensor for compensating temperature errors Versatile output signal ranges: 4, 5, 10, or 11VDC; 4 to 20 mA loop Mass calibration easy with 2400 or 9600 baud UART Power supply from 6 to 35VDC Applications Pressure transducers Accelerometers Temperature sensor assemblies Linear position sensors Ordering Information art No. Temperature Suffix MLX90308CCC L MLX90308CCC L *UD denotes unpackaged die Package LW UD* Option Temperature Range -40C to 140C -40C to 140C Description The MLX90308CCC is a dedicated microcontroller which performs signal conditioning for sensors wired in bridge or differential configurations. Sensors that can be used include thermistors, strain gauges, load cells, pressure sensors, accelerometers, etc. The signal conditioning includes gain adjustment, offset control, high order temperature and linearity compensation. Compensation values are stored in EEPROM and are reprogrammable. Programming is accomplished by using a PC, with an interface circuit (level shifting and glue logic), and provided software. The application circuits can provide an output of an absolute voltage, relative voltage, or current. The output can be range limited with defined outputs when the signal is beyond the programmed limits. Other features include alarm outputs and level steering. The robust electrical design allows the MLX90308CCC to be used where most signal conditioning and sensor interface circuits cannot be used. Voltage regulation control is provided for absolute voltage and current modes (external FET required). The standard package is a plastic SO16W. The device is static-sensitive and requires ESD precautions. MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Rev Y.X 1 Page 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 1 FET VDD1 OFC FLT VDD Supply Regulator 3.5V DAC_Offset OPA Current Mode GAIN CMO CMN 0V VBP x 10 GAIN 2-bit CSGN x2 1.24kOhm MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface 0.97V/V 1-bit CSGN Hardware Gain = 20 0.48V/V Coarse Offset VBN INV Analog GAIN Page 2 Fine Gain DAC 3.5V ADC VMO TMP Digital ADC DAC Voltage Mode Microprocessor IO1 IO2 COMS Programmable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Rev 2.2 Temp Amp Gain GNTP [1:0] External Temp Sensor GND Internal Temp Sensor Temperature signal. Used by microproscessor to perform 0V temperature linearity corrections. 23/Oct/01 TSTB Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 1. MLX90308 Electrical Specifications DC operating parameters: TA = -40 to 140oC, VDD1 = 6 to 35VDC (unless otherwise specified). Parameter Regulator & Consumption Input voltage range Supply current Supply current Regulated supply voltage Regulated voltage temperature coefficient Supply rejection ratio Symbol VIN IDD IDD VREG Test Conditions VDD1 (Regulator connected) @ TA = 100ºC Current Mode @ TA = 100ºC Voltage Mode Min 6 Typ Max 35 Units V mA 2.1 5.0 4.5 4.75 -600 5.2 mA V uV / ºC dB PSRR VDD1 > 6V 90 Instrumentation Amplifier Differential input range Differential input range Common mode input range Pin leakage current Common mode rejection Hardware gain Coarse offset control Range CSOF[1:0] = 00 CSOF[1:0] = 01 CSOF[1:0] = 10 CSOF[1:0] = 11 Fixed offset control range High Low IA chopper frequency Gain Stage Course gain (Fixed Gain = 1023) CSGN = 000 CSGN = 001 CSGN = 010 * CSGN = 100 to 111: voltage mode only, not applicable to current mode. Output > 6.5V; MSB = 1 Output < 6.5V; MSB = 0 CSGN = 011 CSGN = 100* CSGN = 101* Rev Y.X 3 Page VBP-VBN VBP-VBN IINV = 0 IINV = 1 1/2(VBP+VBN) Pins VBP & VBN to GND, VDD = -11.0 -32.0 38.0 32.0 11.0 65.0 8.0 mV/V(Vdd) mV/V(Vdd) %VDD nA dB CMRR 60 18 -15.3 -5.1 3.8 13.9 6.0 -7.0 300 22 -13.9 -3.8 5.1 15.3 8.0 -5.0 V/V mV/V mV/V mV/V mV/V mV/V mV/V kHz 3.0 4.9 8.0 12.8 7.9 12.7 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 3.3 5.4 8.8 14.1 8.7 14.0 V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Page 23/Oct/01 3 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 1. MLX90308 Electrical Specifications (continued) DC operating parameters: TA = -40 to 140oC, VDD1 = 6 to 35VDC (unless otherwise specified). Parameter Coarse gain Fixed gain control range Test Conditions CSGN = 110* CSGN = 111* Min 20.4 33.1 0.480 1.05 1.71 2.77 4.48 4.5 2.74 6.5 7.24 2.0 Typ Max 23.0 36.6 0.970 1.17 1.89 3.06 4.95 6.5 3.04 11 7.86 -0.2 Units V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V V/V V V/V V V/V V mA uA Digital Mode & Current Mode Coarse Gain Stage Course Gain CSGN = 00 CSGN = 01 CSGN = 10 CSGN = 11 Voltage Mode Output Stage ( See Voltage Mode) Output voltage span CSGN[2:2] = 0 Gain CSGN[2:2] = 1 Gain Minimum output voltage Output source current Output sink current Output resistance Digital mode output span Digital mode step size Capacitive load VMO pin Current Mode Output Stage Fixed gain Output current CMO pin Current sense resistor Digital mode current output span Digital mode current step Size Signal Path ( General) Overall gain Overall non-linearity Ratiometry Error (4.75V – 5.25V) Overall Gain < 250V/V Overall Gain > 250V/V MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Page 4 @ 0V output voltage Over complete output range CSGN[2:2] = 0 CSGN[2:2] = 1 VDD = 5V, CSGN[2:2]=0 VDD = 5V, CSGN[2:2]=1 20 25 6.5 11.0 6.5 11.0 10 Ohms V V mV mV nF RSENSE = 24 ohm Current mode VDD = 5V VDD = 5V,RSENSE=24Ù Voltage mode Current mode = 24Ù 8.4 27 24 23 30 28 81 -0.25 -0.5 -1.3 Rev 2.2 9.3 mA/V mA Ohms mA uA 600 750 0.25 0.5 +1.3 V/V mA/V % % % 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 1. MLX90308 Electrical Specifications (continued) DC operating parameters: TA = -40 to 140oC, VDD1 = 6 to 35VDC (unless otherwise specified). Parameter Bandwidth (-3dB) Test Conditions 39 nF connected from FLT to GND Min 2.8 Typ 3.5 5.0 390 Max 4.2 Units KHz mVRMS uV/ºC Noise, VDD = 5V, CFLT=39nF, CL=10nF, RL =5KÙ, Analog Mode Temperature Sensor & - Amplifier Temperature sensor sensitivity Temperature sensor output voltage Temperature Sensor & Amplifier (continued). Input voltage range TMP pin @ VDD = 5.0V GNTP[1,0] = 00 GNTP[1,0] = 01 GNTP[1,0] = 10 GNTP[1,0] = 11 DAC Resolution Monotonicity Ratiometric output range (DAC output) Offset Error Differential non-linearly Integral non-linearity ADC Resolution Monotonicity Ratiometric input range Offset error Differential non-linearly Integral non-linearity On-Chip RC Oscillator and Clock Untrimmed RC oscillator frequency Trimmed RC oscillator frequency (Measured at TMP pin with TSTB pin pulled low after power up) Frequency temperature coefficiency Clock Stability with temperature compensation over full temperature range Ratio of f (microcontroller main clock and (RC oscillator) TURBO = 0 TURBO = 1 Rev Y.X 5 Page 70 207 145 101 71 10 380 517 367 263 186 mV mV mV mV mV Bit Guaranteed By Design 1 10 1 2 10 Guaranteed by design 1 10 1 2 40 86.9 87.8 26 -3 7 28 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 5 75 % VDD LSB LSB LSB Bit 75 % VDD LSB LSB LSB kHz kHz Hz/ºC 250 88.7 +3 % MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 1. MLX90308 Electrical Specifications (continued) DC operating parameters: TA = -40 to 140oC, VDD1 = 6 to 35VDC (unless otherwise specified). Parameter Input & Output Pins (I01 & I02) Digital input levels Output Levels TSTB Pin Input levels Pull-up Resistor FLT Pin Output resistance Output voltage range OFC Pin Output voltage range Load capacitor UART & COMS Pin UART baud rate COMS pin input levels COMS Pin Output Resistance Test Conditions Min Typ Max Units Low High @ output current = 5mA low @ Output current = 5mA high Low High 0.5 VDD-0.5 VDD-0.4 VDD 0.5 VDD-0.5 66 1.24 0.4 V V V kOhms kOhms 3.6 3.75 20 V V pf baud baud V 0.7*VDD V 100 100 Ohms kOhms VDD = 5V VDD = 5V 0.05 0.05 TURBO = 0 TURBO = 1 Low High Low High 0.3*VDD 2400 9600 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Page 6 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Unique Features Customization Melexis can customize the MLX90308 in both hardware and firmware for unique requirements. The hardware design provides 64 bytes of RAM, 3 kbytes of ROM, and 48 bytes of EEPROM for use by the firmware. Table 2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply voltage (ratiometric) VDD Max Supply voltage (ratiometric) VDD Min 6V 4.5V 35V -0.7V 3.5mA 4.5mA 8mA 100mA 8mA +11V 71mW -40 to +140° -55 to +150°C Supply voltage (operating), VDD1 Max Reverse voltage protection Supply current, Current Mode, IDD Supply current, Voltage Mode, IDD Output current, IVMO Output current (short to VDD), ISCVMO Output current (short to VSS), ISCVMO Output voltage, VVMO Power dissipation, PD Operating temperature range, TA Storage temperature range, TS Maximum junction temperature, TJ Special Information The output of the sensor bridge is amplified via offset and gain amplifiers and then converted to the correct output signal form in one of the output stages. The sensitivity and offset of the analog signal chain are defined by numbers passed to the DAC interfaces from the microcontroller core (GN[9:0] and OF[9:0]). The wide range of bridge offset and gain is accommodated by means of a 2-bit coarse adjustment DAC in the offset adjustment (CSOF [1:0]), and a similar one in the gain adjustment (CSGN[2:0]). The signal path can be directed through the processor for digital processing. Two I/ O pins are available for analog inputs or digital outputs. These pins can be used for alarms on various points on the analog signal path and built-in or external temperature values. 150°C Programming and Setup The MLX90308 needs to have the compensation coefficients programmed for a particular bridge sensor to create the sensor system. Programming the EEPROM involves some minimal communications interface circuitry, Melexis’ setup software, and a PC. The communications interface circuitry is available in a development board. This circuitry communicates with the PC via a standard RS232 serial communications port. Cross Reference There are no known devices which the MLX 90308CCC can replace. ESD Precautions Observe standard ESD control procedures for CMOS semiconductors. MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Rev Y.X 7 Page 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 7 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 3. Pin Description Pin 1,2 Signal Name I/O1, 2 Description Bi-directional I/O. Can also be used as input to A/D converter. I/O can be controlled by serial communications or by firmware as alarm inputs or level out. (unconnected when not used) Test pin for Melexis production testing. (in normal application connected to VDD) Filter pin; allows for connection of a capacitor to the internal analog path. Offset control output. Provides access to the internal programmed offset control voltage for use with external circuitry. (unconnected when not used) Bridge inputs, negative and positive. Temperature sensor input. An external temperature sensor can be used in conjunction with the internal one. The external sensor can provide a temperature reading at the location of the bridge sensor. Regulated supply voltage. Used for internal analog circuitry to ensure accurate and stable signal manipulation. Regulator FET gate control. For generating a stable supply for the bridge sensor and internal analog circuitry (generates regulated voltage for VDD). Unregulated supply voltage. Used for digital circuitry and to generate FET output. Voltage mode output. Compensated sensor output voltage. Current mode output. Compensated sensor output for current mode operation. Current mode negative rail. Current mode return path. Power supply return. Serial communications pin. Bi-directional serial communication signal for reading and writing to the EEPROM. 3 4 5 6,7 8 TSTB FLT OFC VBN,VBP TMP 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 VDD FET VDD1 VMO CMO CMN GND COMS 1 IO1 IO2 COMS 16 2 GND 15 3 TSTB CMN 14 4 FLT CMO 13 5 OFC VMO 12 6 VBN VDD1 11 7 VBP FET 10 8 TMP VDD 9 Figure 2. Pinout (SO16W (LW) Package) MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Page 8 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Analog Features Supply Regulator A bandgap-stabilized supply-regulator is on-chip while the pass-transistor is external. The bridge-type sensor is typically powered by the regulated supply (typically 4.75V). For ratiometric operation, the supply-regulator can be disabled by connecting together the unregulated and regulated supply pins. Power-On Reset The Power-On Reset (POR) initializes the state of the digital part after power up. The reset circuitry is completely internal. The chip is completely reset and fully operational 3.5 ms from the time the supply crosses 3.5 volts. The POR circuitry will issue another POR if the supply voltage goes below this threshold for 1.0 us. Test Mode For 100% testability, a "TEST" pin is provided. If the pin is pulled low, then the monitor program is entered and the chip changes its functionality. In all other applications, this pin should be pulled high or left floating (internal pull-up). Oscillator The MLX90308 contains a programmable on-chip RC oscillator. No external components are needed to set the frequency (87.8 kHz +/-1%). The MCUclock is generated by a PLL (phase locked loop tuned for 614 kHz or 2.46 Mhz) which locks on the basic oscillator. The frequency of the internal clock is stabilized over the full temperature range, which is divided into three regions, each region having a separate digital clock setting. All of the clock frequency programming is done by Melexis during final test of the component. The device uses the internal temperature sensor to determine which temperature range setting to use. Temperature Sense The temperature measurement, TPO, is generated from the external or internal temperature sensor. This is converted to a 10-bit number for use in calculating the signal compensation factors. A 2-bit coarse adjustment GNTP[1:0] is used for the temperature signal gain & offset adjustment. A/D and D/A Conversions using only one DAC For saving chip area, the "Offset DAC" is multiplexed in various ways. Both "fine offset" and "digital mode" signals are stored on a capacitor. An ADC-loop is available by using a comparator and SAR. D/A Before changing to another capacitor, the DAC output should be settled to the new value. For example, MODSEL moves the analog multiplexer to the so-called "open state 0." At the same time, the 10 bit mux selects OF[9:0] for the offset-DAC. After the DAC settling time, the analog multiplexer is moved to its final state and the DAC-output is stored on a capacitor. A/D The S/W-Signal MODSEL connects the SAR-output to the DAC and the DAC-output to the comparator. The SARegister is initialized by a rising edge of STC (S/W signal). At the end of the A/D conversion, the EOC flag is set to 1 and the controller can read the ADC values. MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Rev Y.X 9 Page 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 9 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Digital Features Microprocessor, LX11 Core, Interrupt Controller, Memories The LX11 microcontroller core is described in its own datasheet. As an overview, this implementation of the LX11 RISC core has following resources: Two accumulators, one index and two interrupt accumulators. 15 - 8 bit I/O ports to internal resources. 64 byte RAM. 4 kbytes ROM : 3 kbytes is available for the customer's application firmware. 1k is reserved for test. 48 x 8 bit EEPROM. Four interrupt sources, two UART interrupts and two timers. Timer The clock of the timers TMI and TPI is taken directly from the main oscillator. The timers are never reloaded, so the next interrupt will take place 2x oscillator pulses after the first interrupt. Watch Dog An internal watch dog will reset the whole circuit in case of a software crash. If the watch dog counter is not reset at least once every 26 milliseconds (@ 2.46 MHz main clock), the microcontroller and all the peripherals will be reset. Firmware The MLX90308 firmware performs the signal conditioning by either of two means: analog or digital. The analog signal conditioning allows separate offset and gain temperature coefficients for up to four temperature ranges. Digital mode allows for all of the analog capabilities plus up to five different gain values based on the input signal level. Also available in both modes is the capability of range limiting and level steering. UART The serial link is a potentially full-duplex UART. It is receive-buffered, in that it can receive a second byte before a previously received byte has been read from the receiving register. However, if the first byte is not read by the time the reception of the second byte is completed, the first byte will be lost. The UART's baud rate depends on the RC-oscillator's frequency and the "TURBO"-bit (see output port). Transmitted and received data has the following structure: start bit = 0, 8 bits of data, stop bit = 1. Temperature Processing In both analog and digital modes, the temperature reading controls the temperature compensation. This temperature reading is filtered as designated by the user. The filter adjusts the temperature reading by factoring in a portion of the previous value. This helps to minimize the effect of noise when using an external temperature sensor. The filter equation is: If measured_temp > Temp_f(n) then Temp_f(n+1) = Temp_f(n) + [measured_temp Temp_f(n)] / [2 n_factor]. If measured_temp < Temp_f(n), then Temp_f(n+1) = Temp_f(n) - [measured_temp Temp_f(n)] [2 n_factor]. Temp_f(n+1) = new filtered temperature value. Sending Data Writing a byte to port 1 automatically starts a transmission sequence. The TX Interrupt is set when the STOP-bit of the byte is latched on the serial line. Receiving Data Reception is initialized by a 1 to 0 transition on the serial line (i.e., a START-bit). The baud rate period (i.e., the duration of one bit) is divided into 16 phases. The first six and last seven phases of a bit are not used. The decision on the bit-value is then the result of a majority vote of phase 7, 8 and 9 (i.e., the center of the bit). Spike synchronization is avoided by de-bouncing on the incoming data and a verification of the STARTbit value. The RX Interrupt is set when the stop bit is latched in the UART. Temp_f(n) = previous filtered temperature value. Measured_temp = Value from temperature A to D. N_factor = Filter value set by the user (four LSB’s of byte 25 of EEPROM), range 0-6. The filtered temperature value, Temp_f, is stored in RAM bytes 58 and 59. The data is a 10 bit value, left justified in a 16 bit field. MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Page 10 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface OFFSET Different Modes Analog Mode The parameters OF and GN represent, respectively, offset correction and span control, while OFTCi and GNTCi represent their temperature coefficients (thermal zero shift and thermal span shift). After reset, the firmware continuously calculates the offset and gain DAC settings as follows: The EEPROM holds parameters GN, OF, OFTCi and GNTCi, where “i” is the gap number and can be 1 < i < 4. The transfer function is described below. Vout = FG * DAC_GAIN * CSGN[2:0] * {Vin+DAC_OFFSET+CSOF} Iout = FG * DAC_GAIN * CSGN[1:0] * {Vin+DAC_OFFSET+CSOF} * 8.85mA/V DAC_OFFSET (new value) ~ OF[9:0]+[OFTCi* dT] OF[9:0] = Fixed Gain, bytes 4 and 17 in EEPROM. OFTCi = Offset for a given temperature segment I. OFTCiL and OFTCiH in EEPROM table. dT = Temp. change within the appropriate gap. Calculation of the offset for a given temperature segment is performed the same way as for the gain. (7 − −6) * OF [9 : 0] − 6 = DAC _ OFFSET 1023 [mV/V] Digital Mode The MLX90308 firmware provides the capability of digitally processing the sensor signal in addition to the analog processing. This capability allows for signal correction. FG = Hardware Gain (~20V/V). Part of the hardware design, and not changeable. CSGN = Course Gain, part of byte 2 in EEPROM. CSOF = Coarse Offset, part of byte 2 in EEPROM. Signal Correction While in digital mode the firmware can perform signal correction. This is an adjustment to the output level based on the input signal level. Adjustment coefficients can be set for five different signal ranges. The output is obtained by the following formula: Output = (Signal – Pi) * Pci + Poff where Signal = input signal measurement; Poff = Pressure ordinate Pi = Pressure signal point (I = 2,3,4,5) Pci = programmed coefficient. The PCi coefficients are coded on 12 bits: one bit for the sign, one for the unity, and the rest for the decimals. The Pi are coded on 10 bits (0-3FFh) in high-low order. PNB_TNB: contains the number of signal points, coded on the four MSB’s. The four LSB’s are reserved for the number of temperature points. See Table 4 and Table 5. GAIN DAC_GAIN (new value) ~ GN[9:0] + [GNTCi * dT] GN[9:0] = Fixed Gain, bytes 3 and 17 in EEPROM. GNTCi = Gain TC for a given temperature segment I. GNTCiL and GNTCiH in EEPROM table. dT = Temp. change within the appropriate gap. How to calculate gain in the first temp. gap?: DAC_GAIN = GN[9:0] - GNTC1 * (T1 – Temp_f1) How to calculate gain in the other temp. gaps?: 2nd gap: DAC_GAIN = GN[9:0] + GNTC2 * (Temp_f2 – T1) 3th gap: DAC_GAIN = DAC_GAIN2 + GNTC3 * (Temp_f3 – T2) 4th gap: DAC_GAIN = DAC_GAIN3 + GNTC4 * (Temp_f4 – T3) Where: Temp_f = Filtered temp. (previously described). If GNTC1 > 2047 If GNTC2,3,4 > 2047 => DAC_GAIN ↑ => DAC_GAIN ↓ Compensation Trade-Offs A compromise must be made between temperature compensation and pressure correction. The EEPROM space where the signal coefficients are stored is shared with the temperature coefficients, with the result that an EEPROM byte can be used either for a temperature coefficient or for a signal coefficient, but not both. Table 6 presents the possibilities among the maximum number of temperature gaps and the maximum number of signal gaps. (0.97 − 0.48) * GN[9 : 0] [V/V] + 0.48 = DAC _ GAIN 1023 MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Rev Y.X 11 Page 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 11 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 4. PNB_TNB Bit Definition; # of Pressure Gaps Fixed 1 2 3 4 5 4MSB of PNB_TNB Value 15 (F hex) 14 (E hex) 12 (C hex) 10 (A hex) 8 6 Table 6. Temperature Maximum number of temperature gaps Fixed Gain and fixed Offset 2 Gaps 3 Gaps 4 Gaps Maximum number of signal gaps 5 Gaps 3 Gaps 2 Gaps Fixed signal Table 5. PNB_TNB Bit Definition; Temperature Gaps # of Temperature Gaps Fixed (1) 2 Gaps 3 Gaps 4 Gaps 4 LSB of PNB_TNB 0 5 8 11 (B hex) Figure 3. Temperature Linearity Correction OF & GN OFTC3 Figure 4. Signal Linearity Correction Output PC4 MLX90308 OFTC4 MLX90308 PC5 OFTC2 GNTC4 GNTC3 OFTC1 PC3 Output (units) Parameter PC2 OF0 GNTC2 i4 i3 i2 i1 1 Gap 0 T1 T2 T3 3FFh PC1 GN0 GNTC1 0 P2 P3 P4 P5 Baseline Calibration MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Page 12 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Alarm Option This option allows controlling the low and high limits of the output (See Figure 5.). The output level is set when the output tries to exceed the programmed limits. Five bytes are reserved for this option. The first byte is the low trigger limit and the second the low output. The third and fourth bytes are used for the high limit and the output. The fifth byte is the alarm control, used to select the alarm input. The different levels are programmed as eight bit numbers. These correspond to the 8 upper bits of the 10 bit signal measurement. When the alarm mode is not used, all of the data is 0. The control code is coded as shown in Table 7. The six possible signals are listed below and are encoded on the 4 MSB’s of byte 31 of the EEPROM. IO1 & IO2 IO1 and IO2 are used in the alarm and level steering modes. For custom firmware, they can be used for a digital input, an analog input, or a digital Figure 6. Alarm & Steering Source Points OFC FLT VDD1 FET VDD GND Power Supply Regulation VBP IAO Offset Gain GNO VM Table 7. Alarm Source Bit Definition Selected input TPO IAO GNO VMO IO1 IO2 MUX Value 0010 0110 0000 0011 0100 0101 VMO VBN TPO CM CMO CMN TMP Temp Sense & Amp ADC & DAC Microcontroller Core, Memory, EEPROM Reset,Test,& Oscillator IO1 IO2 TSTB Bidirectional I/O UART COMS Figure 5. Alarm Function OUTPUT MLX90308 Figure 7. Level Steering Function IO1, IO2 MLX90308 High Output Output 1 -1 Parameter 1-0 Low Output 0-1 Low Trigger High Trigger 0-0 (I02,I01) Input Signal Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Rev Y.X 13 Page 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 13 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Level Steering The level steering option allows configuration of the IO pins as outputs to indicate the relative level of a selected signal. See Figure 7. The levels at which the two outputs change state are programmed by the user. The programmed levels are set as eight bit numbers and compared to the upper eight bits of the digitized signal. This function utilizes the same resources as the alarm function. The two functions (level steering and alarm) can not be used simultaneously. Four bytes in the EEPROM command this option. The first byte is used to select the input, while the last three comprise the transition levels. The control byte for the level steering is the same as for the alarm. The four MSB’s hold the code for the selected input. The control byte has several possibilities as designated by the MUX settings (See Table 8) Communications The MLX90308 firmware transfers a complete byte of data into and from the memory based on a simple command structure. The commands allow data to be read and written to and from the EEPROM and read from the RAM. RAM data that can be read includes the current digitized temperature and digitized GNO. The commands are described below. Melexis provides setup software for programming the MLX90308. Table 8. Level Steering Bit Definitions Selected input TPO IAO GNO VMO Remarks MUX Value 0010 0110 0000 0011 Table 9. Mode Byte Bit Definition Bit 7 Function 1= EEPROM Checksum test active 0= EEPROM Checksum test inactive 0 = Analog Mode 1 = Digital Mode 0 = Alarm function inactive 1 = Alarm function active EEPROM Checksum test. Checksum test failure will force the output to the value programmed in bytes 40 and 41 of the EEPROM (See Table 10). Digital mode must be activated when VMO and CMO both active. Alarm functions are like “limiting functions”: If defined ADC INPUT is below low alarm trigger, then DIGMOD becomes active with alarm low output). If defined ADC INPUT is above high alarm trigger, then DIGMOD becomes active with alarm high output. Note: Deactivated if the level steering mode is active Depending on the sampled input, IO1/IO2 will be a two bit digital output. If IO1/IO2 are not active outputs, then they will be analog inputs. 6 5 4 0 = IO1/IO2 are not active outputs 1 = level steering: IO1/IO2 are active outputs 0 = Turbo inactive 1 = Turbo active 0 = VMO inactive 1 = VMO active 0 = Internal temperature sensor active 1 = External temperature sensor active 0 = CMO inactive 1 = CMO active 3 2 1 0 CMO has fixed digital value (EEPROM byte - see below) if both VMO and CMO are active. To activate this value, the digital mode must be activated. Page 14 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface separate byte and shared with the four MSB’s of another 12-bit variable. UART Commands The commands can be divided into three parts: (1) downloading of data from the ASIC, (2) uploading of data to the ASIC and (3) the reset command. All the commands have the same identification bits. The two MSB’s of the sent byte indicate the command while the last six MSB’s designate the desired address. The commands are coded as followed: 11 to read a RAM byte. 10 to read an EEPROM byte. 01 to write in the EEPROM. 00 to write in the RAM. The addresses can include 0-63 for the RAM, 0-47 for the EEPROM, and 63 for the EEPROM, RESET Command (read). Clock Temperature Stabilization To provide a stable clock frequency from the internal clock over the entire operating temperature range, three separate clock adjust values are used. Shifts in operating frequency over temperature do not effect the performance but do, however, cause the communications baud rate to change. The firmware monitors the internal temperature sensor to determine which of three temperature ranges the device currently is in. Each temperature range has a factory set clock adjust value, ClkTC1, ClkTC2, and ClkTC3. The temperature ranges are also factory set. The Ctemp1 and Ctemp2 values differentiate the three ranges. In order for the temperature A to D value to be scaled consistently with what was used during factory programming, the CLKgntp (temperature amplifier gain) valued is stored. The Cadj value stored in byte 1 of the EEPROM is used to control the internal clock frequency while the chip boots. Downloading Command With one byte, data can be downloaded from the ASIC. The ASIC will automatically send the value of the desired byte. Uploading Command Writing to the RAM or EEPROM involves a simple handshaking protocol in which each byte transmitted is acknowledged by the firmware. The first byte transmitted to the firmware includes both command and address. The firmware acknowledges receipt of the command and address byte by echoing the same information back to the transmitter. This “echo” also indicates that the firmware is ready to receive the byte of data to be stored in RAM or EEPROM. Next, the byte of value to be stored is transmitted and, if successfully received and stored by the firmware, is acknowledged by a “data received signal,” which is two bytes of value BCh. If the “data received signal” is not observed, it may be assumed that no value has been stored in RAM or EEPROM. Unused Bytes There are eight unused bytes in the EEPROM address map. These bytes can be used by the user to store information such as a serial number, assembly date code, production line, etc. Melexis doesn’t guarantee that these bytes will be available to the user in future revisions of the firmware. EEPROM Checksum A checksum test is used to ensure the contents of the EEPROM. The eight bit sum of all of the EEPROM addresses should have a remainder of 0FFh when the checksum test is enabled (mode byte). Byte 47 is used to make the sum remainder totals 0FFh. If the checksum test fails, the output will be driven to a user defined value, Faultval. When the checksum test is enabled, the checksum is verified at initialization of RAM after a reset. Reset Command Reading the address 63 of the EEPROM resets the ASIC and generates a received receipt indication. Immediately before reset, the ASIC sends a value of BCh to the UART, indicating that the reset has been received. RAM Data All the coefficients (pressure, temperature) are compacted in a manner similar to that used for the EEPROM. They are stored on 12 bits (instead of keeping 16 bits for each coefficient). All the measurements are stored on 16 bits. The user must have access to the RAM and the EEPROM, while interrupt reading of the serial port. Therefore, bytes must be kept available for the return address, the Aaccu and the B-accu, when an interrupt occurs. The RAM keeps the same structure in the both modes. EEPROM Data All user-settable variables are stored in the EEPROM within the MLX90308CCC. The EEPROM is always re-programmable. Changes to data in the EEPROM do not take effect until the device is reset via a soft reset or power cycle. 12 bit variables are stored on 1.5 bytes. The 4 MSB’s are stored in a MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor Rev Y.X 15 Page 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 15 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 10. Examples of Fixed Point Signed Numbers Decimal 0 1023 1024 2047 2048 3071 3072 4095 Hexadecimal Equivalent 0000h 3FFh 400h 7FFh 800h 0BFFh 0C00h 0FFFh Fixed Point Signed Number Equivalent +0.00 +0.9990234 +1.000 +1.9990234 -0.000 -0.9990234 -1.000 -1.9990234 Data Range Various data are arranged as follows: Temperature points: 10 bits, 0-03FF in highlow order. Pressure points: 10 bits, 0-03FF in high-low order. GN1: 10 bits, 0-03FF in high-low order. OF1: 10 bits, 0-03FF in high-low order. GNTCi: signed 12 bits (with MSB for the sign), [-1.9990234, +1.9990234]. OFTCi: signed 12 bits (with MSB for the sign), [-1.9990234, +1.9990234]. Pci: signed 12 bits (with MSB for the sign), [-1.9990234, +1.9990234] DIGMO: 10 bits, 0-03FF in high-low order (See Table 13 for examples of fixed point Table 11. EEPROM Byte Definitions Byte 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Designation MODE byte Cadj Coarse Control GN1L OF1L GNTC1L OFTC1L TR1L PC5L GNTC2L P5L OFTC2L PC4L TR2L P4L GNTC3L PC3L Note Contents described in Table 9. Controls system clock during boot. Contents described in Table 12. The eight LSB's of the Fixed Gain, GN[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Fixed Offset OF[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the first gain TC GNTC1[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the first offset TC OFTC1[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the first temperature point, T1[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Coefficient 5 PC5[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the second gain TC GNTC2[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Point 5 P5[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the second offset TC OFTC2[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Coefficient 4 PC4[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the second temperature point T2[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Point 4 (or Signature) P4[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the third gain TC GNTC3[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Coefficient 3 (or Signature) PC3 [8:0]. Page 16 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 11. EEPROM Byte Definitions (continued) Byte 12 Designation OFTC3L or P3L 13 14 TR3L or PC2L GNTC4L or P2L OFTC4L or PC1L PoffL Upper Four Bits 17 GN1[9:8] GNTC1[11:8] TR1[9:8] PC5[11:8] Lower Four Bits OF1[9:8] OFTC1[11:8] GNTC2[11:8] P5[9:8] Note The eight LSB's of the third offset TC OFTC3[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Point 2 (or Signature) P2[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the third temperature point T3[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Coefficient 2 PC2[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the fourth gain TC GNTC4[7:0]. The eight LSB's of Pressure Point 2 P2[7:0]. The eight LSB's of the fourth offset TC OFTC4. The eight LSB's of Pressure Coefficient 1 PC1 The eight LSB's of Pressure (output signal) Ordinate Poff[7:0]. Upper four bits. Lower four bits 15 16 Two MSB's of fixed gain GN[9:8]. Four MSB's of first gain TC GNTC1[11:8]. Two MSB's, first temperature point T1[9:8] or Four MSB's, Pressure Coefficient 5 PC5[11:8]. Four MSB's second offset TC OFTC2[11:8] or Four MSB's Pressure Coefficient 4 PC4[11:8]. Four MSB's third gain TC GNTC3[11:8] or Four MSB's Pressure Coefficient 3 PC3[11:8]). Two MSB's of fixed offset OF[9:8] Four MSB's of the first offset TC OFTC1[11:8]. Four MSB's, second gain TC GNTC2[11:8] or TC GNTC2[11:8] or Two MSB's Pressure Point 5 P5[9:8]. Two MSB's second temperature point T2[9:8] or Two MSB's Pressure Point 4 P4[9:8]. Four MSB's third offset TC OFTC3[11:8] or Two MSB's Pressure Point 3 P3[9:8]. Four MSB's fourth gain TC GNTC4[11:8] or Two MSB's Pressure Point 2 P2[9:8]. Two MSB's Pressure Poff[9:8]. 18 19 20 OFTC2[11:8] PC4[11:8] TR2[9:8] P4[9:8] OFTC3[11:8] P3[9:8] 21 GNTC3[11:8] PC3[11:8] 22 TR3[9:8] PC2[9:8] GNTC4[11:8] Two MSB's third temperature point t3[9:8] or Four MSB's Pressure P2[9:8] Coefficient 2 PC2[11:8]. Poff[9:8] Four MSB's fourth offset TC ordinate OFTC4[11:8] or Four MSB's Pressure Coefficient 1 PC1[11:8]. Rev Y.X 17 Page 23 OFTC4[11:8] PC1[11:8] MLX902xx Name ofProgrammable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Sensor 22/Aug/98 Rev 2.2 Page 23/Oct/01 17 MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 11. EEPROM Byte Definitions (continued) Byte 24 25 26 27 28 Designation PNB_TNB n_factor Not used ALARM low trigger Level1 IO2/IO1 ALARM low output Level2 IO2/IO1 ALARM high trigger Level3 IO2/IO1 ALARM high out level ALARM control byte Note Number of temperature and pressure gaps. See Tables 4, 5, and 6, and Figures 3 and 4. Temperature filter coefficient, four LSB's. Four MSB's must all be zero. This byte is not used. Value below which ALARM will go on. Value of first level ([IO2, IO1]= 00-01). See Figures 5 & 7. Value of DIGMO during “ALARM low” condition. Value of second level ([IO2,IO1] = 01-10). See Figures 5 and 7 Value above which ALARM will go on. Value of third level ([IO2,IO1]=10-11). See Figures 5 and 7. Value of DIGMO during “ALARM high” condition. See Figures 5 and 7. Three bits needed for choice of input for ALARM detection (TPO, IAO, GNO, VMO, IO1 or IO2). Two bits needed for choice of input for LEVEL-steering (TPO, IAO, GNO or VMO). The above bits are multiplexed according to the mode. If both CMO and VMO are active, then alarm is not active. Value of Cadj at low temperature (Don’t change; factory set). Value of Cadj at mid temperature (Don’t change; factory set). Value of Cadj at high temperature Don’t change; factory set). First Cadj temperature point, eight MSB’s of the 10 bit internal temperature value (set at factory; do not change). Second Cadj temperature point, eight MSB’s of the 10 bit internal temperature value (set at factory; do not change). These bytes are not used by the firmware and are available to the user. Setting for temperature amplifier for clock temperature adjustment temperature reading (set at factory; do not change). Value sent to output if checksum test fails is a 10 bit value. These bytes are not used by the firmware and are available to the user. EEPROM checksum; value needed to make all bytes add to 0FFh. Must be set by user if checksum test is active. Page 18 Rev 2.2 23/Oct/01 29 30 31 IO1/IO2 control byte Four LSB's are unused 32 33 34 35 36 37-38 39 ClkTC1 ClkTC2 ClkTC3 Ctemp1 Ctemp2 Not used CLKgntp 40-41 42-46 47 Faultval Not Used Checksum MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface MLX90308CCC Programmable Sensor Interface Table 12. Bit Definitions; Coarse Control , Byte 2 Bit Symbol Function 7 2. The level steering and the alarm mode cannot be active simultaneously because the levels bytes are shared with the two modes. 3. If the alarm mode and the level steering are both active, the level steering mode is dominant. The firmware will run with the level steering mode, by default. 4. If the DIGMO mode (VMO and CMO both active) is active, the alarm will be automatically disabled by the firmware. 5. At PNB_TNB address, the four MSB's correspond to the address of the last pressure point and the four LSB’s to the address of the last temperature point. Notes For Table 11 1. Not all the temperature and pressure coefficients must be used. When a coefficient is unused, the eight LSB’s and the four MSB’s are replaced by 0. IINV Invert signal sign. 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 GNTP1 Gain & offset of temperature amplifier. GNTP0 GNTP = 0 to 3. CSOF 1 Coarse offset of signal amplifier. CSOF 0 CSOF = 0 to 3. CSGN2 Coarse gain of signal amplifier. CSGN = 0 to 7. If CSGN > 3, CSGN1 output range = 0 to 10V. If CSGN0 CSGN