TL431

TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES T HE I NFINITE P OWER OF I NNOVATION P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET DESCRIPTION The TL431/TL431A/TL431B series precision adjustable three terminal shunt voltage regulators are pin-to-pin compatible with the industry standard TL431. The output voltage of this reference is programmable by using two external resistors from 2.5V to 36V. These devices offer low output impedance for improved load regulation. The typical output impedance of these devices is 200mΩ. These devices find application in the feedback path of switching power supplies, OVP crowbar circuits, reference for A/D, D/A, and as zener diodes with improved turn-on characteristics. K E Y F E AT U R E S W INITIAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE ACCURACY OF 0.4% (TL431B) W SINK CURRENT CAPABILITY 1mA to 100mA W TYPICAL OUTPUT DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE LESS THAN 200mΩ; TYPICAL OUTPUT IMPEDANCE OF THE TL431B LESS THAN 100mΩ W ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE FROM 2.5V TO 36V W AVAILABLE IN SURFACE-MOUNT PACKAGES W LOW OUTPUT NOISE W TYPICAL EQUIVALENT FULL RANGE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF 30ppm/°C W DIRECT PIN-TO-PIN REPLACEMENT FOR INDUSTRY STANDARD TL431 AND TL1431 NOTE: For current data & package dimensions, visit our web site: http://www.linfinity.com. PRODUCT HIGHLIGHT PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES VIN R1 VOUT TL431/A & TL431B R2 VO = 1 +  R1 R2   * VREF PA C K A G E O R D E R I N F O R M AT I O N TA (°C) 0 to 70 Initial Tolerance 2% 1% 0.4% 2% 1% 0.4% DM Plastic SOIC 8-pin TL431CDM TL431ACDM TL431BCDM TL431IDM TL431AIDM TL431BIDM LP Plastic TO-92 3-pin TL431CLP TL431ACLP TL431BCLP TL431ILP TL431AILP TL431BILP -40 to 85 Note: All surface-mount packages are available in Tape & Reel. Append the letter "T" to part number. (i.e. TL431CDMT) TO-92 (LP) package also available in ammo-pack. Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 LINFINITY MICROELECTRONICS INC. 11861 WESTERN AVENUE, GARDEN GROVE, CA. 92841, 714-898-8121, FAX: 714-893-2570 1 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET A B S O L U T E M A X I M U M R AT I N G S (Note 1) PACKAGE PIN OUTS Cathode to Anode Voltage (VKA) (Note 2) .................................................... -0.3V to 37V Reference Input Current (IREF) ................................................................... -50µA to 10mA Continuous Cathode Current (IK) ......................................................... -100mA to 150mA Operating Junction Temperature Plastic (DM, LP Packages) .................................................................................... 150°C Storage Temperature Range ...................................................................... -65°C to 150°C Lead Temperature ..................................................................................................... 300°C Note 1. Exceeding these ratings could cause damage to the device. All voltages are with respect to Ground. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. Pin numbers refer to DIL packages only. Note 2. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted. CATHODE N.C. ANODE N.C. 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 REF ANODE ANODE N.C. DM PACKAGE (Top View) 1. CATHODE 2. ANODE 3. REF T H E R M A L D ATA DM PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA LP PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, θJA 156°C/W 165°C/W LP PACKAGE (Top View) Junction Temperature Calculation: TJ = TA + (PD x θJA). The θJA numbers are guidelines for the thermal performance of the device/pc-board system. All of the above assume no ambient airflow BLOCK DIAGRAM Cathode (K) Ref (R) VREF Anode (A) 2 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (Note 3) (Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over the operating ambient temperatures for TL431C/TL431AC/TL431BC with 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C, TL431I/TL431AI/TL431BI with -40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C.) Parameter Reference Input Voltage TL431 TL431A TL431B TL431C TL431I TL431AC TL431AI TL431BC TL431BI TL431, TL431A TL431B TL431,TL431A TL431B Minimum Operating Current Off-State Cathode Current Symbol VREF Test Conditions IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF, TA = 25°C IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF, TA = 25°C IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF, TA = 25°C IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = 2.5V to 36V IK = 10mA, VKA = 2.5V to 36V VKA = VREF, TA = 25°C VKA = VREF, TA = 25°C VKA = VREF, TA = Operating Range VKA = VREF to 36V VKA = VREF to 36V, TA = 25°C VKA = VREF to 36V, TA = 25°C VKA = VREF to 36V, TA = Operating Range VKA = 36V, VREF = 0V, TA = 25°C VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f ≤ 1kHz, TA = 25°C VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f ≤ 1kHz, TA = 25°C TL431/431A/431B Units Min. Typ. Max. 2440 2495 2550 2470 2495 2520 2490 2500 2510 4 17 5 30 4 17 5 30 4 15 5 20 -1.4 -2.7 -1.1 -2 2 4 1.5 1.9 2.3 0.4 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 2 0.18 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV/V mV/V µA µA µA mA µA µA µA µA Ω Ω Reference Drift ∆VREF ∆VKA Voltage Ratio, Ref to Cathode (Note 4) Reference Input Current IREF TL431 TL431A TL431B IMIN IOFF Dynamic Impedance TL431 TL431B | ZKA | Note 3. These parameters are guaranteed by design. Note 4. ∆VREF ∆VKA Ratio of change in reference input voltage to the change in cathode voltage. Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 3 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET GRAPH / CURVE INDEX FIGURE INDEX Characteristic Curves FIGURE # 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs. FREQUENCY FIGURE # FIGURE # 8. 9. Parameter Measurement Information TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA = VREF TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA > VREF 10. TEST CIRCUIT FOR IOFF Typical Characteristics 11. EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE OVER A 10-SECOND PERIOD 12. SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs. FREQUENCY 13. REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY 14. PULSE RESPONSE 15. STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS Application Information FIGURE # 16. SHUNT REGULATOR 17. SINGLE-SUPPLY COMPARATOR WITH TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED THRESHOLD 18. HIGH CURRENT SHUNT REGULATOR 19. CROWBAR CIRCUIT 20. VOLTAGE MONITOR 21. PRECISION CONSTANT-CURRENT SINK 4 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FIGURE 1. — REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 2.60 FIGURE 2. — REFERENCE CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 5 (VREF) Reference Input Voltage - (V) 2.56 2.54 2.52 VREF = 2550mV (IREF) Reference Input Current - (µA) 2.58 VREF = VKA IK = 10mA TL431/A 4 IK = 10mA R1 = ¥ IK = 10mA TL431B 2.50 2.48 2.46 2.44 2.42 2.4 -50 3 TL431/A 2 TL431/A VREF = 2495mV TL431/A VREF = 2440mV 1 TL431B -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 (TA) Ambient Temperature - (°C) (TA) Ambient Temperature - (°C) FIGURE 3. — CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE 150 125 FIGURE 4. — CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE 800 VKA = VREF TA = 25°C VKA = VREF TA = 25°C (IK) Cathode Current - (µA) 75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 (IK) Cathode Current - (µA) 100 600 400 IMIN TL431/A TL431B 200 0 -200 -1 0 1 2 3 (VKA) Cathode Voltage - (V) (VKA) Cathode Voltage - (V) Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 5 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET CHARACTERISTIC CURVES FIGURE 5. — OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE 2.5 FIGURE 6. — RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE -0.85 (IOFF) Off-State Cathode Current - (µA) VKA = 36V VREF = 0 2 TL431/A & TL431B VKA = 3V to 36V -0.95 ∆VREF / ∆VKA - (mV/V) -1.05 1.5 -1.15 1 -1.25 0.5 -1.35 0 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 -1.45 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 (TA) Ambient Temperature - (°C) (TA) Ambient Temperature - (°C) FIGURE 7. — EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs. FREQUENCY 260 240 (VN) Noise Voltage - (nV/ Hz) IO = 10mA TA = 25°C 220 200 180 160 140 120 100 10 100 1k 10k 100k (f) Frequency - (Hz) 6 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET PA R A M E T E R M E A S U R E M E N T I N F O R M AT I O N Input IK VKA Input IK VKA R1 IREF VREF R2 VREF FIGURE 8 — TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA = VREF FIGURE 9 — TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA > VREF Input IOFF VKA FIGURE 10 — TEST CIRCUIT FOR IOFF Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 7 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS 6 5 (VN) Input Noise Voltage - (µV) 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 0 2 4 6 f = 0.1 to 10Hz IK = 10mA TA = 25°C 8 10 (t) Time - (s) FIGURE 11. — EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE OVER A 10-SECOND PERIOD 19.1V 1kW 500µF 910W 2000µF TL431/A & TL431B (DUT) 820W 16W VCC VCC 1µF TLE2027 AV = 10V/mV TLE2027 16kW 16kW 1µF 2.2µF 33kW 33kW AV = 2V/V 1MW CRO 0.1µF VEE 160kW VEE Test Circuit for 0.1Hz to 10Hz Equivalent Input Noise Voltage 8 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIGURE 12. — 70 60 50 40 30 SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs. FREQUENCY IK = 10mA TA = 25°C 15kW 9µF Output IK 230W (AV) Voltage Amplification - (dB) 8.25kW 20 10 0 GND Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification -10 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M (f) Frequency - (Hz) FIGURE 13. — REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY 100 (|zKA|) Reference Impedance - (W ) IK = 1mA to 100mA TA = 25°C 1kW Output 10 50W IK 1 GND Test Circuit for Reference Impedance 0.1 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M (f) Frequency - (Hz) Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 9 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIGURE 14. — PULSE RESPONSE 6 5 220W Output VIN - (V) 4 3 2 1 Pulse Generator f = 100kHz 50W (VKA) Output Voltage - (V) 0 3 GND 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Test Circuit for Pulse Response (t) Time - (µs) FIGURE 15. — STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS 100 90 R1=10kW IK 150W CL R2 VBATT (IK) Cathode Current - mA 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 A B C D VKA = VREF VKA = 5V VKA = 10V VKA = 15V Stable A* IK = 10mA TA = 25°C B* Stable C* Test Circuit for Curve A 150W IK CL 0.01 0.1 1 10 D* 0 0.001 VBATT (CL) Load Capacitance - (µF) * The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ were adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IK conditions with CL = 0. VBATT and CL were then adjusted to determine the ranges of stability. Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D 10 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N R (see Note) VBATT R1 0.1% IK VO VBATT VREF TL431/A & TL431B Input R2 0.1% TL431/A & TL431B VO VON » 2V VOFF » VBATT GND VO = Note: 1 +  R1 R2   * VREF R should provide ≥ 1mA cathode current to the TL431/A & TL1431 at minimum V BATT. FIGURE 16 — SHUNT REGULATOR FIGURE 17 — SINGLE-SUPPLY COMPARATOR WITH TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED THRESHOLD VBATT R1 VO VBATT R1 VO TL431/A & TL431B C R2 TL431/A & TL431B R1 R2 R2 (see Note) VO = 1 +    Note: * VREF Refer to the stability boundary conditions in Figure 15 to determine allowable values for C. FIGURE 18 — HIGH CURRENT SHUNT REGULATOR FIGURE 19 — CROWBAR CIRCUIT Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99 11 PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997 TL431/TL431A/TL431B PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES P RODUCTION D ATA S HEET A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N 12V R1A R3 (see Note) R4 (Note) VBATT IO TL431/A & TL431B TL431/A & TL431B R2A R2B RS 0.1% 1 +  High Limit = 1 +  Low Limit = R1B  * VREF R2B  R1B  * VREF R2B  LED On when Low Limit < VBATT < High Limit IO =   VREF RS   Note: R3 and R4 are selected to provide the desired LED intensity and ≥ 1mA cathode current to the TL431/A & TL431B at the available V+. FIGURE 20 — VOLTAGE MONITOR FIGURE 21 — PRECISION CONTANT-CURRENT SINK PRODUCTION DATA - Information contained in this document is proprietary to LinFinity, and is current as of publication date. This document may not be modified in any way without the express written consent of LinFinity. Product processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Linfinity reserves the right to change the configuration and performance of the product and to discontinue product at any time. 12 Copyright © 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99