MCM20014

MOTOROLA SEMICONDUCTOR TECHNICAL DATA Order this document by MCM20014/D MCM20014 1/3” Color VGA Digital Image Sensor 640 x 480 pixel progressive/interlace scan solid state image sensor with integrated CDS/PGA/ADC, digital programming, control, timing, and pixel correction features ImageMOS Features: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • VGA resolution, active CMOS image sensor with square pixel unit cells 7.8µm pitch pixels with patented pinned photodiode architecture Bayer-RGB color filter array with optional micro lenses High sensitivity, quantum efficiency, and charge conversion efficiency Low fixed pattern noise / Wide dynamic range Antiblooming and continuous variable speed shutter Single master clock operation Digitally programmable via I2C interface Ordering Information Integrated on-chip timing/logic circuitry CDS sample and hold for suppression of low frequency and correlated reset Device Package noise 48X programmable variable gain to optimize dynamic range and facilitate white MCM20014IBMN 48 CLCC-IB balance and iris adjustment Monochrome 10-bit, pipelined algorithmic RSD ADC MCM20014IBB 48 CLCC-IB User selectable digital output formats: 8-bit companded data Color 10-bit linear data Column offset correction, and Bad Pixel Replacement for noise suppression Pixel addressability to support ‘Window of Interest’ windowing, resolution, and subsampling 30fps full VGA at 10Mhz Master Clock Rate Single 3.3V power supply 48 pin CLCC package The MCM20014 is a fully integrated, high performance CMOS image sensor with features such as integrated timing control, and analog signal processing for digital imaging applications. The part provides designers a complete imaging solution with a monolithic image capture and processing engine thus making it a true “camera on a chip”. System benefits enable design of smaller, portable, low cost and low power systems. Thereby making the product suitable for a variety of consumer applications including still/full motion imaging, security/surveillance, and automotive among others. The imaging pixels are based on active CMOS pixels using pinned photodiodes that are realized using Motorola’s sub-micron ImageMOSTM technology. The frame rate is completely adjustable from 0 to 30 frames per second without adjusting the system clock from 10Mhz. Each pixel on the sensor is individually addressable allowing the user to control “Window of Interest” (WOI) panning and zooming, sub-sampling, resolution, exposure, gain, and other image processing features via a two pin I2C interface. Programmable digital signal processing blocks included in the data path are bad-pixel replacement and noise compensation for image enhancement. The sensor is run by supplying a single Master Clock. The sensor output is 8 or 10 digital bits depending on output mode selected. This document contains information on a new product. Specifications and information herein are subject to change without notice. November 2000  MOTOROLA, INC. 2000 MCLK INIT 640 x 480 pixels (704 x 512 total including dark and isolation) Sensor Interface Block I2C Serial Interface STBY SYNC SCLK SDATA CDS Post ADC Column Offset White Balance Global Gain Global Offset ADC(9:0) HCLK VCLK SOF FRC 10 Bit ADC Bad Pixel Replace Noise Companding Figure 1. MCM20014 Simplified Block Diagram Specifications Image Size: 5.0mm x 3.7mm (1/3”) Resolution: 640 x 480 pixels, available digital zoom and region of interest (ROI) windowing Pixel Size: 7.8µm x 7.8µm Monochrome Sensitivty: 3.0 V/Lux-sec Min. Detectable Light Level: 5 Lux at 30FPS/F2 lens Scan Modes: Progressive/Interlace Shutter Modes: Continuous (Video)/ Single (Still) Readout Rate: 13.5MSPS Frame Rate: 0-40 frames per second @ 13.5Mhz Max Master Clock Frequency: 13.5MHz System Dynamic Range: 50dB On Chip programmable gain: -2.7dB to 27dB On Chip Image Correction: Column offset calibration, data companding, bad pixel replacement Analog to Digital Converter: 10-bit, RSD ADC Power Dissipation: 215mW (dynamic) / 25mW (standby) Package: 48 pin ceramic LCC Temperature Operating Range: 0-40oC MOTOROLA 2 MCM20014 DVSS TEST_IN_0 TEST_IN_1 TEST_IN_2 TEST_IN_3 TEST_IN_4 TEST_IN_5 TEST_IN_6 TEST_IN_7 TEST_IN_8 TEST_IN_9 DVDD1 42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 SYNC 704 512 4Dark + 8Dummy 8Dark + 8Dummy 704 SOF 45 Master Row Sequencer, Integration Control and Timing Generation VCLK HCLK BLANK 44 43 10 40Dark + 8Dummy Row Decoder and Drivers 480 480 DVGA CMOS Imager IMOSTM Pixel Array Sensor Array 640 512 2 1 12 12Dark + 8Dummy 704 Column Decode, Sensing and Muxing 29 28 TS INIT Column Sequencer and Drivers 27 STDBY EXT_VINS 14 Color Sequencer Analog Switch 6 Column Offset Calibration 6 6 6 6 7 Line Rate Clamp Single Stage DPGA 1X8X 0.9 - 4.8x -0.8 to 13.6 dB Single Stage 1XDPGA 8X 1.0 - 8.9x 0 to 19 dB 10 Bit RSD Pipelined 10 6 5 4 3 2 Post ADC Processing (Bad Pixel, Companding.) 1 Test Monitor Logic 10 Analog Circuits Digital Logic 1 ADC0 ADC1 ADC2 ADC3 ADC4 ADC5 ADC6 6 6 6 I2C Register Decode 23 AVSS1 22 AVDD1 I2C Serial 26 SDATA 25 SCLK 24 MCLK TST_VOU 15 DOV 1.0X 6.0dB DOV 2.0X 6.0dB CLRCA CLRCB 20 21 Vrefp Vrefm Vcm Ibias 48 ADC7 47 ADC8 46 ADC9 CVREFM 18 CVREFP 19 CVBG nc Bandgap Reference and Bias Generation 0 8 9 11 12 nc CVBG2 nc CVBG1 13 EXTRES nc AVSS3 nc CVBG 16 17 AVDD2 AVSS2 Figure 2. MCM20014 Detailed Block Diagram MCM20014 MOTOROLA 3 1.0 MCM20014 Overview The MCM20014 is a solid state CMOS Active CMOS Imager (ACITM) that integrates the functionality of a complete analog image acquistion, digitizer, and digital signal processing system on a single chip. The image sensor comprises a 1/3” format pixel array with 640x480 (VGA) active elements. The image size is fully programmable to user defined windows of interest. The pixels are on a 7.8µm pitch. High sensitivity and low noise are a characteristic of the pinned photodiode architecture utilized in the pixels. Optional microlenses are available to further enhance the sensitivity. The sensor is available with Bayer patterned Color Filter Arrays (CFAs) for color output or as a monochrome imager. Integrated timing and programming controls allow video (CFCM) or still (SFCM) image capture mode supporting progressive or interlace scan modes. Frame rates are programmable while keeping Master Clock frequency constant. User programmable row and column start/ stop allow windowing to a minimum 1x1 pixel window. Windowing can also be performed by subsampling in multiple pixel increments to allow digital zoom. A high performance analog signal processing chain helps establish a new benchmark for digital image capture. The sensor has an unprecedented level of integration. The analog video output of the pixel array is processed by an on chip processing pipeline. Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) eliminates low frequency correlated noise. The Frame Rate Clamp (FRC) enables real time optical black level calibration and offset correction. Digitally Programmable Amplifiers (DPGAs) allow real time color gain correction for Auto White Balance (AWB) as well as global gain adjustment; offset calibration can be done on a per column basis or globally. This per-column offset correction can be applied automatically or by using stored values in the on chip SRAM. A 10-bit Redundant Signed Digit (RSD) ADC converts the analog data to a 10-bit digital word stream. The fully differential analog signal processing pipeline serves to improve noise immunity, signal to noise ratio, and system dynamic range. A digital signal post processing block includes programmable features for output data companding and pixel correction. User programmable thresholding allows replacement of pixels beyond preset maximum and minimum levels by average, trailing, or leading pixels. A noise core allows companding of data that allows users to accentuate dark pixels. Data companding can be done by loading any one of eight hard coded compression curves which performs a 10 to 8 bit transformation on the data. The sensor uses an industry standard two line I2C serial interface. It operates with a single 3.3V power supply with no additional biases and requires only a single Master Clock for operation upto 13.5MHz. It is housed in a 48 pin ceramic LCC package. The MCM20014 is designed taking into consideration interfacing requirements to standard video encoders. In addition to the 10 bit bayer encoded data stream, the sensor outputs the valid frame, line and pixel sync signals needed for encoding. The sensor interfaces with a variety of commercially available video image processors to allow encoding into various standard video formats . The MCM20014 is an elegant and extremely flexible single chip solution that simplifies a system designer’s tasks of image sensing, processing, digital conversion, and digital signal processing to a high performance, low cost, low power IC. One that supports among others a wide range of low power, portable consumer digital imaging applications. 2.0 MCM20014 Theory of Operation This section reviews the concepts behind the operation of the image sensing and capture mechanisms employed in the MCM20014. 2.1 Sensor Interface 2.1.1 Pixel Architecture The MCM20014 ImageMOSTM (1) sensor comprises a 640x480 active pixel array and supports both progressive and interlaced scan readout modes. The basic operation of the pixel relies on the photoelectric effect where due to its physical properties silicon is able to detect photons of light. The photons generate electronhole pairs in direct proportion to the intensity and wavelength of the incident illumination. The application of an appropriate bias allows the user to collect the electrons and meter the charge in the form of a useful parameter such as voltage. The pixel architecture is based on a four transistor (4T) Advanced CMOS ImagerTM(2) pixel which requires all pixels in a row to have common Reset, Transfer, and Row Select controls. In addition all pixels have common supply (VDD) and ground (VSS) connections. An optimized cell architecture provides enhancements such as noise reduction, fill factor maximizations, and antiblooming. The use of pinned photodiodes (3) and proprietary transfer gate devices in the photoelements 1. ImageMOS is a Motorola trademark 2. Advanced CMOS Imager is a Kodak trademark 3. Patents held jointly by Motorola and Kodak MCM20014 MOTOROLA 4 enables enhanced sensitivity in the entire visual spectral range and a lag free operation. The nominal photoresponse of the MCM20014 is shown in Figure 3. Figure 3. MCM20014 Nominal spectral response In addition to the imaging pixels, there are additional pixels called dark and dummy pixels at the periphery of the imaging section (see Figure 2). The dark pixels are covered by a light blocking shield rendering the pixels underneath insensitive to photons. These pixels provide the sensor means to measure the dark level offset which is used downstream in the signal processing chain to perform auto black level calibration. The dummy pixels are provided at the array’s periphery to eliminate inexact measurements due to light piping into the dark pixels adjacent to active pixels. The output of these pixels should be discarded. Electronic shuttering, also known as electronic exposure timing in photographic terms, is a standard feature. The pixel integration time can be widely varied from a small fraction of a given frame readout time to the entire frame time. This feature can be especially useful in situations such as imaging of fast moving objects where maximum available integration time is long enough to cause smear or blurring or when imaging a bright scene where there are enough photons to cause an early saturation of the pixel. 2.1.2 Color Separation and Fill Factor Enhancement The MCM20014 family is offered with the option of monolithic polymer color filter arrays (CFAs). The combination of an extremely planarized process and propriatary color filter technology result in CFAs with superior spectral and transmission properties. The standard option (Part # MCM20014IBBN) is a primary (RGB) “Bayer” pattern (see Figure 4), however, facility to produce customized CFAs including complementary (CMYG) mosaics also exists. Depending on the application, the choice between primary or complementary filter mosaics should be made. In general, primary mosaics are used in still video while complementary are used in real time video applications. Applications requiring higher sensitivity can benefit from the optional micro-lens arrays shown in Figure 5. The lenslet arrays can improve the fill factor (aperture ratio) of the sensor by 1.5-2x depending on the F number of the main lens used in the camera system. Microlenses yield greatest benefits when the main lens has a high F number. As a caution, unoptimized F numbers can lead to optical aberrations hence, care should be taken when MCM20014 MOTOROLA 5 incorporating microlens equipped imagers into camera systems/heads. The fill factor of the pixels without microlenses is 35%. G1 B R G2 G1 B R G2 R enough to produce a reasonable overlap of the sequential rows. If this is not the case then image artifacts may be produced in instances where the target is moving very fast or the illumination is varying. The second available capture mode is called Single Frame Capture Mode (SFCM). This mode consists of global integration of all pixels, next a simultaneous transfer to the Floating Diffusion (FD) node of all pixels followed by a sequential read out of all rows. This mode is best suited for still or “single snap shot” capture of an image where a flash illumination is utilized. SFCM should only be used when the ambient lighting will not cause the pixels to saturate during the readout time. The user chooses the scan mode via the Capture Mode Control Register, (Table 24), on page 31. 2.1.4 Image Scan Modes The MCM20014 has two available image scanning modes: interlaced and progressive. Interlacing is a technique used in TV systems that is used to enhance the vertical resolution of the picture without increasing the bandwidth of the transmission system. A spatial offset is introduced on the display system between the odd and even fields. An odd field consists of rows 1,3,5,7,9.... while an even field comprises rows 2,4,6,8..... Since the spatial offset is exactly half the vertical pitch of the sensor, the even and odd fields appear interdigitated when displayed on top of one another, thus appearing to improve the sensor’s vertical resolution. By definition two interlaced fields comprise a frame. It should be noted that at high frame rates, motion between fields in interlaced video can cause smear and/or serrations to appear in the image. Progressive scanning refers to non-interlaced or sequential row by row scanning of the entire sensor in a single pass. The image capture happens at one instant of time. This mode is primarily used in applications where vertical resolution is of prime importance and available bandwidth of the transmission system does not impose any limitations. The user chooses the scan mode via the Sub-sample Control Register, (Table 25), on page 32. 2.1.5 Window of Interest Control The pixel data to be read out of the device is defined as a ‘Window of Interest’ (WOI). The window of interest can be defined anywhere on the pixel array at any size. The user provides the upper-left pixel location and the size in both rows and columns to define the WOI. The G1 R BB G2 G1 B B G2 Figure 4. Optional on-chip Bayer CFA Iris microlenses Figure 5. Improvement in pixel sensitivity results from focusing incident light on photo sensitive portions of the pixel by using microlenses. 2.1.3 Frame Capture Modes Depending on the application the user may choose between the two available Frame Capture Modes (FCMs). An overview of the operation of the two modes and suggested guidelines for selection are given in this section. The default mode of image capture is the Continuous Frame Capture Mode (CFCM). This mode is most suitable for full motion video capture and will yield VGA sized frame rates up to 36fps at 13.5 MHz MCLK. In this mode the image integration and row readout take place in parallel. While a row of pixels is being read out, another row or rows are being integrated. Since the integration time (Tint ) is equal for all rows, the start of the integration periods for rows is staggered out. This mode relies on the integration periods of the rows being long MOTOROLA 6 MCM20014 0 0 703 ACTIVE PIXEL ARRAY Window of Interest (WOI) WOI Row Depth (wrd) WOI Pointer (wcp,wrp) WOI Column Width (wcw) Window of Interest (WOI) Virtual Frame vrd[13:0] Figure 8. Virtual Frame Definition WOI Column Width (wcw) 511 Figure 6. WOI Definition 2.1.6 WOI Sub-sampling Control The WOI can be sub-sampled per user control. The user can read out the pixel data in either monochrome or bayer pixel space in four different sampling rates in each direction: full, 1/2, 1/4, or 1/8. The user controls the subsampling via the Sub-sample Control Register, (Table 25), on page 32. An example of Bayer space sub-sampling is shown in Figure 7. G B G B G B G B G B G B R G R G R G R G R G R G G B G B G B G B G B G B R G R G R G R G R G R G G B G B G B G B G B G B R G R G R G R G R G R G G B B G B B G B B G B B G B B G B B R G R G R G R G R G R G G B B G B B G B B G B B G B B G B B R R G R R G R R G R R G R R G R R G G G B B G G B B G G B B G G B B G G B B G G B B R R G G R R G G R R G G R R G G R R G G R R G G The frame rate (time required to readout an entire frame of data plus the required boundary timing) is completely defined by the size of the Virtual Frame and can be expressed as: Frame Time = vrdd * Trow + Tfc Frame Time = (vrdd + 1) * Trow for Trow < Tlim for Trow > Tlim where vrdd defines the number of rows in the virtual frame. The user controls vrdd via the CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth registers (Table 40 on page 39 and Table 41 on page 40). Row Time (Trow) is the length of time required to read one row of the virtual frame and can be defined as: Trow = (vcwd + shsd + shrd + 19) * MCLKperiod Sub-sample Control Register = x01x0101b = Progressive Scan Bayer Pattern Read 1 Pattern, Skip 1 Pattern in both directions Figure 7. Bayer Space Sub-sampling Example 2.1.7 CFCM Frame Rate and Integration Time Control In addition to the minimum time required to readout the selected resolution and WOI, the user has the ability to control the frame rates while operating in CFCM. This is done by varying the size of a Virtual Frame surrounding the WOI. Please refer to Figure 8 for a pictorial description of the Virtual Frame and its relationship to the WOI. where vcwd defines the number of columns in the virtual frame and shsd and shrd are internal timing control registers. The user controls vcwd via the CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width registers (Table 42 on page 40 and Table 43 on page 41). The user controls the shsd and shrd values via the Internal Timing Control Register; Table 28 and is strongly encouraged to write an 00h to this register. Tlim is the minimum amount of time required for the internally generated frame clamp signal and is defined as: Tlim = 719 * MCLKperiod Tfc is the minimum amount of time required to perform a frame clamp with timing overhead and is defined as: Tfc = (719 + shsd + shrd + 19) * MCLKperiod MCM20014 WOI Row Depth (wrd) WOI is defined using the WOI Pointer, WOI Depth, and WOI Width registers, (Table 29 on page 35 through Table 36 on page 37). Please refer to Figure 6 for a pictorial representation of the WOI within the active pixel array. 0 0 WOI Pointer (wcp,wrp) vcw[13:0] MOTOROLA 7 The Integration Time for CFCM is defined by a combination of the width of the virtual frame and the integration time register, (Table 38 on page 38 and Table 39 on page 39); and can be expressed as: Integration Time = (cintd + 1) * Trow where cintd is the number of virtual frame row times desired for integration time. Therefore, the integration time in CFCM mode can be adjusted in steps of virtual frame row times. This equation for Integration Time is valid only for Trow > Tlim. For virtual frames where Trow < Tlim, the integration time is different for the first cintd rows and is defined as: Integration Timecintdrows = Tfc + (cintd * Trow) By using the default values in the Virtual Frame definition and Integration Time registers, an 00h loaded into the Internal Timing Control Register, and assuming a standard video square pixel clock rate of 13.5Mhz, we can calculate the frame rate and integration time as: Row Time = (749 + 16 + 16 + 19) / 13.5e6 = 59.26µs Frame Time = (524 + 1) * 59.26µs = 31.11ms which results in a Frame Rate of 32.21 frames per second. Integration Time = (524 + 1) * 59.26µs = 31.26ms. 2.1.8 SFCM Integration Time Control The Integration Time for the SFCM is defined by the integration time register (Table 37 on page 38 through Table 39 on page 39) and can be expressed as: Integration Time = sintd * 16 * MCLKperiod where sintd is a number. Therefore, the user can adjust integration time in steps of 16 MCLK periods. 2.2 Analog Signal Processing Chain Overview The MCM20014’s analog signal processing (ASP) chain incorporates Correlated Double Sampling (CDS), Frame Rate Clamp (FRC), two Digitally Programmable Gain Amplifiers (DPGA), Offset Correction (DOVA), and a 10-bit Analog to Digital Converter (ADC). 2.2.1 Correlated Double Sampling (CDS) The uncertainty associated with the reset action of a capacitive node results in a reset noise which is equal to kTC; C being the capacitance of the node, T the temperature and k the Boltzmann constant. A common way of eliminating this noise source in all image sensors is to use Correlated Double Sampling. The output signal is sampled twice, once for its reset (reference) level and once for the actual video signal. These values are sampled and held while a difference amplifier subtracts the reference level from the signal output. Double sampling of the signal eliminates correlated noise sources. CDSP1 S/H1 V+ AVIN CDSP2 S/H2 AMP V- Figure 9. Conceptual block diagram of CDS implementation. 2.2.2 Frame Rate Clamp (FRC) The FRC (Figure 10) is designed to provide a feed forward dark level subtract reference level measurement. In the automatic FRC mode, the optical black level reference is re-established each time the image sensor begins a new frame. The MCM20014 uses optical black (dark) pixels to aid in establishing this reference. CapLRCA 0.1µf LRCLMP 1X Previous LRCLMP BUF + FRC CLRCA Vcm LRCLMP Vcm Stage 1X LRCLMP LRCLMP + BUF - + Diff Amp - V+ VLRCLMP Vcm CLRCB CapLRCB 0.1µf Figure 10. FRC Conceptual Block Diagram On the MCM20014, dark pixel input signals should be sampled for a minimum of 137µs to allow the two 0.1µF capacitors at the CLRCA and CLRCB pins sufficient time to charge for 10-bit accuracy. This guarantees that the FRC’s “droop” will be maintained at 718 Figure 23. SFCM Frame Waveform with Internal Timing Control Register = 00h T = (16 * sintd) + 771 T = (16 * sintd) + vcwd + 52 SYNC MCLK T SOF VCLK HCLK Ty = 14 + shrd + shsd = 14 + 16 + 16 = 46 MCLK’s col. 48 col. 49 col. 50 Ty col. 686 col. 687 Row Time = vcwd + shrd + shsd+ 19 = 749 + 16 + 16 + 19 = 800 MCLK’s row 12 row 13 BLANK ADC[9:0] Valid Pixel Data Figure 24. SFCM Line Waveform with Internal Timing Control Register = 00h 4.0 MCM20014 Utility Programming Registers 4.1 Register Reference Map The I2C addressing is broken up into groups of 16 and assigned to a specific digital block. The designated block is responsible for driving the internal control bus, when the assigned range of addresses are present on the internal address bus. The grouping designation and assigned range are listed in Table 1. Each block contains registers which are loaded and read by the digital and analog blocks to provide configuration control via the I2C serial interface. Table 2 contains all the I2C address assignments. The table includes a column indicating whether the register values are shadowed with respect to the sensor interMOTOROLA 16 Address Range 00h - 0Fh 10h - 1Fh 20h - 2Fh 30h - 3Fh 40h - 60h 61h - FFh Block Name Analog Register Interface Global Gain Offset Calibration Post ADC Sensor Interface Factory Use Table 1. I2C Address Range Assignments MCM20014 face. If the register is shadowed, the sensor interface will only be updated upon frame boundaries, thereby Hex Address 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah 0Bh 0Ch 0Dh 0Eh 0Fh 10h 11h - 1Fh 20h 21h 22h 23h 24 - 2Fh 30h eliminating intraframe artifacts resulting from register changes. Defa ult 02h 02h 02h 02h Ref. Table Table 3, page 19 Table 4, page 19 Table 5, page 20 Table 6, page 20 Shadow ed? Yes Yes Yes Yes Register Function DPGA Color 1 Gain Register (Green of Green-Red Row) DPGA Color 2 Gain Register (Red) DPGA Color 3 Gain Register (Blue) DPGA Color 4 Gain Register (Green of Blue-Green Row) Unused Color Tile Configuration Register Color Tile Row 1 Definition Register Color Tile Row 2 Definition Register Color Tile Row 3 Definition Register Color Tile Row 4 Definition Register Negative Voltage Reference Code Register Positive Voltage Reference Code Register Power Configuration Register Factory Use Only (set to 00h) Reset Control Register Device Identification (read only) DPGA Global Gain Register Unused Column DOVA DC Register Column DOVA Control Register Column DOVA RAM Global DOVA Register Unused White Pixel Threshold Register 05h 44h EEh 00h 00h 76h 80h 00h 00h 00h 23h 00h Table 7, page 20 Table 8, page 21 Table 9, page 22 Table 10, page 22 Table 11, page 23 Table 12, page 23 Table 13, page 24 Table 14, page 24 No No No No No No No No Table 15, page 25 No No Table 16, page 25 Yes 00h 00h 00h 00h Table 17, page 26 Table 18, page 27 Table 19, page 27 Table 20, page 28 Yes No No Yes FEh Table 21, page 29 No Table 2. I2C Address Assignments MCM20014 MOTOROLA 17 Hex Address 31h 32h 33h - 3Fh 40h 41h 42h - 44h 45h 46h 47h 48h 49h 4Ah 4Bh 4Ch 4Dh 4Eh 4Fh 50h 51h 52h 53h 54h 55h 56h - 5Fh 60h 61h - 64h 65h - FFh Register Function Black Pixel Threshold Register Post ADC Control Register Unused Capture Mode Control Register Sub-sample Control Register Unused WOI Row Pointer MSB Register WOI Row Pointer LSB Register WOI Row Depth MSB Register WOI Row Depth LSB Register WOI Column Pointer MSB Register WOI Column Pointer LSB Register WOI Column Width MSB Register WOI Column Width LSB Register Integration Time MSB Register Integration Time ISB Register Integration Time LSB Register CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth MSB Register CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth LSB Register CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width MSB Register CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width LSB Register SOF Control Register VCLK Control Register Unused Internal Timing Control Register Factory Use Only Unused Defa ult 01h 30h Ref. Table Table 22, page 29 Table 23, page 29 Shadow ed? No No 35h 00h Table 24, page 31 Table 25, page 32 Yes Yes 00h 0Ch 01h DFh 00h 30h 02h 7Fh 00h 02h 0Ch 02h 0Ch 02h EDh C0h 90h Table 29, page 35 Table 30, page 35 Table 33, page 36 Table 34, page 36 Table 31, page 35 Table 32, page 36 Table 35, page 37 Table 36, page 37 Table 37, page 38 Table 38, page 38 Table 39, page 39 Table 40, page 39 Table 41, page 40 Table 42, page 40 Table 43, page 41 Table 26, page 33 Table 27, page 33 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No 66h Table 28, page 34 Yes Table 2. I2C Address Assignments (Continued) MOTOROLA 18 MCM20014 5.0 Detailed Register Block Assignments This section describes in further detail the functional operation of the various MCM20014 programmable registers. The registers are subdivided into various blocks for ease of addressability and use (see Table 1). In each table where a suffix code is used; h = hex, b = binary, and d = decimal. 5.1 Analog Register Interface Block The address range for this block is 00h to 0Fh. 5.1.1 Analog Color Configuration The four Color Gain Registers, Color Tile Configuration Register, and four Color Tile Row definitions define how white balance is achieved on the device. Six-bit gain codes can be selected for four separate colors: Table 3, Table 4, Table 5, and Table 6. Gain for each individual color register is programmable given the gain function defined in the table. The user programs these registers to account for changing light conditions to assure a white balanced output. The default value in each register is provides for a unity gain. In addition, the default CFA pattern color is listed in the title of each register. Address 00h msb (7) 6 5 DPGA Color 1 Gain Code Green of Green-Red Row 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Gain cg1[5] cg1[4] cg1[3] Description cg1[2] cg1[1] cg1[0] Reset State xx 000010b Unused Gain = 0.88 + (0.06 * cg1d) Table 3. DPGA Color 1 Gain Register Address 01h msb (7) 6 5 DPGA Color 2 Gain Code Red 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Gain cg2[5] cg2[4] cg2[3] Description cg2[2] cg2[1] cg2[0] Reset State xx 000010b Unused Gain = 0.88 + (0.06 * cg2d) Table 4. DPGA Color 2 Gain Register MCM20014 MOTOROLA 19 Address 02h msb (7) 6 5 DPGA Color 3 Gain Code Blue 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Gain cg3[5] cg3[4] cg3[3] Description cg3[2] cg3[1] cg3[0] Reset State xx 000010b Unused Gain = 0.88 + (0.06 * cg3d) Table 5. DPGA Color 3 Gain Register Address 03h msb (7) 6 5 DPGA Color 4 Gain Code Green of Blue-Green Row 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Gain cg4[5] cg4[4] cg4[3] Description cg4[2] cg4[1] cg4[0] Reset State xx 000010b Unused Gain = 0.88 + (0.06 * cg4d) Table 6. DPGA Color 4 Gain Register The Color Tile Configuration Register; Table 7, defines the maximum number of lines and the maximum number of colors per line. A maximum of four row and four column definitions are permitted. The Color Tile Configuration Register defaults to two lines and two colors per Address 05h msb (7) 6 5 line. The user should leave this register in default unless a unique CFA option has been ordered. This register can be configured to any pattern combination of 1, 2, or 4 rows and 1, 2, or 4 columns. Default 05h 2 1 lsb (0) Color Tile Configuration 4 3 x Bit Number 7-4 x Function Unused x x nc[1] Description nc[0] nr[1] nr[0] Reset State xxxx Unused Table 7. Color Tile Configuration Register MOTOROLA 20 MCM20014 Address 05h msb (7) 6 5 Color Tile Configuration 4 3 2 1 Default 05h lsb (0) x 3-2 x Columns x x nc[1] nc[0] nr[1] nr[0] 01b 00b = 1 Column in tile. 01b = 2 Columns in tile. 1xb = 4 Columns in tile. 00b = 1 Row in tile. 01b = 2 Rows in tile. 1xb = 4 Rows in tile. Table 7. Color Tile Configuration Register 1-0 Rows 01b The Color Tile Row Definition registers; Table 8, Table 9, Table 10, and Table 11 define the sequence of colors for each respective line. Each byte wide line definition allows a maximum of four unique color definitions using 2 bits per color in a given line. Gain programming for each color was described earlier in this section. The default line definitions are colors 00b, 01b, 00b, 01b for row 1 and 10b, 11b, 10b, 11b for row 2 which supports a Bayer pattern as defined in section 2.1.2. The user should leave these registers in default unless a unique CFA option has been ordered. For the default Bayer configuration of the color filter array; Figure 4, the Color Gain Register addresses are as follows: Reg (00h): green pixel of a green-red row; Reg (01h): red pixel; Reg (02h): blue pixel; and Reg (03h): green pixel of a blue-green row. The predefined gain values programmed in the respective registers are applied to pixel outputs as they are being read. Default 44h 2 1 lsb (0) Address 06h msb (7) 6 5 Color Tile Row 1 Definition Green - Red Row 4 3 r1c4[1] Bit Number 7-6 5-4 3-2 1-0 r1c4[0] Function Color 4 Color 3 Color 2 Color 1 r1c3[1] r1c3[0] r1c2[1] Description r1c2[0] r1c1[1] r1c1[0] Reset State 01b 00b 01b 00b Fourth Color in Row 1(Red) Third Color in Row 1 (Green) Second Color in Row 1 (Red) First Color in Row 1 (Green) Table 8. Color Tile Row 1 Definition Register MCM20014 MOTOROLA 21 Address 07h msb (7) 6 5 Color Tile Row 2 Definition Blue - Green Row 4 3 2 1 Default EEh lsb (0) r2c4[1] Bit Number 7-6 5-4 3-2 1-0 r2c4[0] Function Color 4 Color 3 Color 2 Color 1 r2c3[1] r2c3[0] r2c2[1] Description r2c2[0] r2c1[1] r2c1[0] Reset State 11b 10b 11b 10b Fourth Color in Row 2 (Green) Third Color in Row 2 (Blue) Second Color in Row 2 (Green) First Color in Row 2 (Blue) Table 9. Color Tile Row 2 Definition Register Address 08h msb (7) 6 5 Color Tile Row 3 Definition Unused 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) r3c4[1] Bit Number 7-6 5-4 3-2 1-0 r3c4[0] Function Color 4 Color 3 Color 2 Color 1 r3c3[1] r3c3[0] r3c2[1] Description r3c2[0] r3c1[1] r3c1[0] Reset State 00b 00b 00b 00b Fourth Color in Row 3 Third Color in Row 3 Second Color in Row 3 First Color in Row 3 Table 10. Color Tile Row 3 Definition Register MOTOROLA 22 MCM20014 Address 09h msb (7) 6 5 Color Tile Row 4 Definition Unused 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) r4c4[1] Bit Number 7-6 5-4 3-2 1-0 r4c4[0] Function Color 4 Color 3 Color 2 Color 1 r4c3[1] r4c3[0] r4c2[1] Description r4c2[0] r4c1[1] r4c1[0] Reset State 00b 00b 00b 00b Fourth Color in Row 4 Third Color in Row 4 Second Color in Row 4 First Color in Row 4 Table 11. Color Tile Row 4 Definition Register 5.1.2 Reference Voltage Adjust Registers The analog register block allows programming the input voltage range of the analog to digital converter to match the saturation voltage of the pixel array. The voltage reference generator can be programmed via two registers; nrv (0 to 1.25V) Table 12, prv (2.5V to 1.25V) Table 13, in 5mV steps. A 00h value in the prv register represents Address 0Ah msb (7) 6 5 a reference output voltage of 2.5V. A 00h value in the nrv register represents output voltage of 0V. The default settings for the two registers produce a 1.9V reference on prv and 0.6V on nrv outputs. When adjusting these values, the user should keep the voltage range centered around 1.25V. Voltage Reference “Negative” Code 4 3 2 1 Default 76h lsb (0) nrv[7] Bit Number 7-0 nrv[6] Function Reference nrv[5] nrv[4] nrv[3] Description nrv[2] nrv[1] nrv[0] Reset State 01110110b (0.6V) Voltage = 0.0 + (5mV * nrcd) Table 12. Negative Voltage Reference Code Register MCM20014 MOTOROLA 23 Address 0Bh msb (7) 6 5 Voltage Reference “Positive” Code 4 3 2 1 Default 80h lsb (0) prv[7] Bit Number 7-0 prv[6] Function Reference prv[5] prv[4] prv[3] Description prv[2] prv[1] prv[0] Reset State 10000000b (1.9V) Voltage = 2.5 - (5mV * prvd) Table 13. Positive Voltage Reference Code Register 5.1.3 Analog Control Registers The Analog Register Block also contains a Power Configuration Register; Table 14, and a Reset Control Register; Table 15. The Power Configuration Register controls the internal analog functionality that directly effect power consumption of the device. An external precision resistor pin is available on the MCM20014 that may be used to more accurately regulate the internal current sources. This serves to minimize variations in power consumption that are caused by variations in internal resistor values as well as offer a method to reduce the power consumption of the device. The default for this control uses the interAddress 0Ch msb (7) 6 5 nally provided resistor which is nominally 12.5kΩ. This feature is enabled by setting the res bit of the Power Configuration Register and placing a resistor between the pin; EXTRES, and ground. Figure 14 depicts the power savings that can be achieved with an external resistor at a specific clock rate. Power is further reduced at lower clock rates. The databus output; ADC[9:0], is tristated using the Power Configuration Register by setting the dbt bit. The MCM20014 is put into a standby mode via the I2C interface by setting the sby bit of the Power Configuration Register. Default 00h 2 1 lsb (0) Power Configuration 4 3 x Bit Number 7 6 res Function Unused Int/Ext Resistor FUO Tristate Enable Software Standby fuo fuo fuo Description fuo dbt sby Reset State x 0b 0000b 0b 0b Unused 0b = Internal Resistor 1b = External Resistor Factory Use Only 0b = Output Data Bus enabled 1b = Output Data Bus in Tristate 0b = Soft Standby inactive 1b = Soft Standby active Table 14. Power Configuration Register 5-2 1 0 MOTOROLA 24 MCM20014 Additional control of the MCM20014 can be had using the Reset Control Register; Reset Control Register; Table 15. Setting the clt bit of this register will tristate the sync signals SOF, VLCK, and HCLK. Setting the ssr bit of this register will reset all the nonuser programmable registers to a known reset state. This is useful in situations when control of the MCM20014 has been lost due to system interrupts and Address 0Eh msb (7) 6 5 the device needs only to be restarted using the earlier user programmed values. Setting the sit bit allows the user to completely reset the MCM20014 to the default state via the serial control interface. For both reset bits, ssr and sit, the user must return those bits to 0 to enable continued operation. Default 00h 2 1 lsb (0) Reset Control 4 3 x Bit Number 7-3 2 x Function Unused Tristate x x x Description clt ssr sit Reset State xxxxx 0b 0b 0b Unused 0b = SOF, VCLK, and HCLK Output Enabled 1b = SOF, VCLK, and HCLK Output in Tristate 0b = Normal Mode 1b = Reset all non-programmable registers to the default state 0b = Normal Mode 1b = Reset all registers to default state Table 15. Reset Control Register 1 State Reset Soft Reset 0 5.2 Gain Caliberation Block The DPGA Global Gain Register; Table 16, allows the user to set a global gain via a 6 bit register this is applied universally to all the pixel outputs. This enables the user Address 10h msb (7) 6 5 4 to account for varying light conditions using a gain range of 1x to 8x in steps of 0.12x. The default value for this register results in unity gain. Global Gain 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Gain gg[5] gg[4] gg[3] Description gg[2] gg[1] gg[0] Reset State xx 000000b Unused Gain = 1 + (0.12 * ggd) Table 16. DPGA Global Gain Register MCM20014 MOTOROLA 25 5.3 Offset Calibration Block Offset adjustments for the MCM20014 are done in separate sections of the ASP to facilitate FPN removal and final image black level set. The Column DOVA DC Register; Table 17, is used to set the initial offset of the pixel output in a range that will facilitate per-column offset data generation for varying Address 20h msb (7) 6 5 operational conditions. In most operational scenarios, this register can be left in its default state of 00h. This register can also be used to apply a global offset adjust. In this case, the user must take into account the Color Gain and Global Gain registers to determine the resulting offset at the output. Column DOVA DC 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5 x Function Unused Sign cdd[5] cdd[4] cdd[3] Description cdd[2] cdd[1] cdd[0] Reset State xx 0b 00000b Unused 0b = Positive Offset 1b = Negative Offset Offset = 2 * cddd Table 17. Column DOVA DC Register 4-0 Column DC Offset The Column DOVA Control Register; Table 18, is used to control the Column DOVA functionality and operational modes. Setting bit ece enables the per-column DOVA to be used and the per-column offset values loaded into the DOVA RAM will be applied to the pixel output. The global DOVA adjust circuit is enabled by default. Setting the cntr bit resets the internal counter used to repetitively load the RAM with user defined data. This is used in cases where the system controller loses control of the I2C bus while writing to the Column DOVA RAM. Setting the cal bit configures the Column DOVA RAM using internally generated offset data. When the MCM20014 is first initiated, it will automatically generate and load the Column DOVA RAM with the appropriate data. However, if operational conditions such as temperature or operating frequency change, the user can use the cal bit to re-determine the appropriate column data. The automatic calibration data is calculated using the average differential offset across four dark rows. This feature does not create the most effective data for reducing the column oriented fixed pattern noise of the device. The user can calculate the column offset data MOTOROLA 26 using their own algorithm and load this data via the I2C bus as defined in this section. MCM20014 Address 21h msb (7) 6 5 Column DOVA Control 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) fuo Bit Number 7-5 4 fuo Function FUO Column DOVA Enable FUO Counter Reset Calibration fuo ece fuo Description fuo cntr cal Reset State 000b 0b Factory Use Only 1b = Column DOVA enabled (Register 22h) 0b = Global DOVA enabled (Register 20h) Factory Use Only 0b = Counter Reset inactive 1b = Counter Reset active 0b = Self Calibration disabled 1b = Self Calibration enabled Table 18. Column DOVA Control Register 3-2 1 00b 0b 0b 0 The Column DOVA RAM; Table 19, is a 704 by 4-bit vector that contains the per-column offset adjustment used to eliminate column based offset FPN. This RAM is automatically loaded with internally generated data upon initialization and can be automatically reloaded as defined earlier in this section. The user can generate the DOVA RAM contents and then load them into the RAM by performing a repetitive write cycle to the same I2C address. An internal counter will step the internal RAM address automatically from Address 22h msb (7) 6 5 column 0 to column 703 where column 0 is defined as the left-most column of the pixel array. The user should set and reset the cntr bit of the Column DOVA Control Register, prior to loading the Column DOVA RAM to assure proper addressing. When the user is calculating values to be loaded into the DOVA RAM, the fixed gain of 2x in the ASP after the Column DOVA circuit must be taken into account. Therefore, each code value in the DOVA RAM represents 2 code values in the 10-bit ADC output. Default 00h 2 1 lsb (0) Column DOVA RAM 4 3 x Bit Number 7-4 3 x Function Unused Sign x x cor[3] Description cor[2] cor[1] cor[0] Reset State xxx auto Unused 0b = Positive Offset 1b = Negative Offset Table 19. Column DOVA RAM MCM20014 MOTOROLA 27 Address 22h msb (7) 6 5 Column DOVA RAM 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x 2-0 x Offset x Offset = 2 * cord x cor[3] cor[2] cor[1] cor[0] auto Table 19. Column DOVA RAM The Global DOVA Register; Table 20 performs a final offset adjustment in analog space prior to the ADC. The 6-bit register uses its MSB to indicate positive or negative offset. Each bit value changes the offset value by 4 Address 23h msb (7) 6 5 LSB code levels hence giving an offset range of +/-124 LSB. As an example, to program an offset of +92 LSB, the binary representation of +23d i.e. 010111b should be loaded. Default 00h 2 1 lsb (0) Global DOVA 4 3 x Bit Number 7-6 5 x Function Unused Sign gd[5] gd[4] gd[3] Description gd[2] gd[1] gd[0] Reset State xx 0b 00000b Unused 0b = Positive Offset 1b = Negative Offset Offset = gdd Table 20. Global DOVA Register 5-0 Offset 5.4 Post ADC Block The post ADC block contains the bad-pixel replacement registers and a general output control register. The White Pixel Threshold Register; Table 21, and Black Pixel Threshold Register; Table 22, are used to set the thresholds for white and black pixel replacements. The MSBs on the Black Pixel Threshold Register are hard coded to 00b hence a black replacement threshold value between 0d - 255d can be set. This forces the sensor to replace any pixel value at or below the threshold by the average value of the neighboring same color pixels. Similarly the MSBs on the White Pixel Threshold Register are hard coded to 11b hence a white replacement threshold level between 768d - 1023d can be set. Again; as in the dark thresholding, if the sensor encounters any pixel value that exceeds the set threshold, it will replace it with the average value of the neighboring same color pixels. Care should be taken in assigning these thresholds. This function performs an averaging effect on the image, therefore, the greater the code distance the thresholds move from the voltage rail, the more averaging occurs between pixels. MOTOROLA 28 MCM20014 Address 30h msb (7) 6 5 White Pixel Threshold 4 3 2 1 Default FEh lsb (0) wpt[7] Bit Number 7-0 wpt[6] Function Threshold wpt[5] wpt[4] wpt[3] Description wpt[2] wpt[1] wpt[0] Reset State 11111110b Threshold = wpt[1b,1b,7:0] Table 21. White Pixel Threshold Register Address 31h msb (7) 6 5 Black Pixel Threshold 4 3 2 1 Default 01h lsb (0) bpt[7] Bit Number 7-0 bpt[6] Function Threshold bpt[5] bpt[4] bpt[3] Description bpt[2] bpt[1] bpt[0] Reset State 00000001b Threshold = bpt[0b,0b,7:0] Table 22. Black Pixel Threshold Register The Post ADC Control Register; Table 23, performs certain rudimentary transformations on the digitized data. The wpe and bpe bits are used to enable or disable the White Bad-pixel replacement and Black Bad-pixel replacement algorithms respectively. These algorithms are described in section 2.3.1 and above. Address 32h msb (7) 6 5 The cpe bit enables the compander which provides for the 10 to 8 bit noise coring described in section 2.3.2. One of 8 available transform curves can be selected by using the cps and cpb[2:0] bits. The slope of the transform is defined using cps while cpb[2:0] defines the breakpoint. Please see Figure 13, on page 11. Post ADC Control 4 3 2 1 Default 30h lsb (0) cpe Bit Number 7 fuo Function Compander Enable wpe bpe cps Description cpb[2] cpb[1] cpb[0] Reset State 0b 0b = Compander Disabled 1b = Compander Enabled Table 23. Post ADC Control Register MOTOROLA 29 MCM20014 Address 32h msb (7) 6 5 Post ADC Control 4 3 2 1 Default 30h lsb (0) cpe 6 5 fuo FUO White Enable Black Enable Compander Slope Compander Knee wpe FUO bpe cps cpb[2] cpb[1] cpb[0] 0b 1b 1b 0b 0b = Disable White Bad Pixel Replacement 1b = Enable White Bad Pixel Replacement 0b = Disable Black Bad Pixel Replacement 1b = Enable Black Bad Pixel Replacement 0b = Invalid when cpb[2:0] ≠ 000b 1b = 1:1 input:output 000b = linear 001b = 15 on the output axis. 010b = 31 on the output axis. 011b = 47 on the output axis. 100b = 63 on the output axis. 101b = 79 on the output axis. 110b = 95 on the output axis. 111b = 127 on the output axis. Table 23. Post ADC Control Register 4 3 2-0 000b 5.5 Sensor Interface Block 5.5.1 Sensor Output Control The sensor output control registers define how the window of interest is captured and what data is output from the MCM20014. The Capture Mode Control Register; Table 24, defines how the data is captured and how the data is to be provided at the output. The sms bit defines the shutter mode, CFCM or SFCM, of the device as described in section 2.1.3. CFCM is the default mode. Setting the cms bit will stop the current CFCM output data stream at the end of the current frame. Unsetting this bit (cms = 0b) will resume the output of the frame stream. The MCM20014 is in CFCM in default. The user may use this bit to capture data in the CFCM mode while using the SYNC pin. The SYNC pin triggers a single frame of data to be output from the device in the CFCM mode. Please refer to Figure 19, on page 14 for a timing diagram of this mode. The frc bit is used to enable or disable the Frame Rate Clamp. Unsetting this bit will turn off the frame rate clamp and the output dark level will begin to drift over frames. The frame rate clamp is enabled in default mode. The sp bit is used to define whether SOF is active high or low. SOF is active high in default. The ve bit is used to determine whether VCLK is output at the beginning of all the rows including virtual frame rows or for the WOI rows only. The default is WOI only. The vp bit is used to define whether VCLK is active high or low. VCLK is active high in default. The he bit is used to determine whether HCLK is output continously or for the WOI pixels only. The default is WOI only. The hp bit is used to define whether HCLK is active high or low. HCLK is active high in default. MOTOROLA 30 MCM20014 Address 40h msb (7) 6 5 Capture Mode Control 4 3 2 1 Default 35h lsb (0) sms Bit Number 7 cms Function Shutter Mode CFCM Mode Frame Clamp SOF Phase VCLK Enable VCLK Phase HCLK Enable HCLK Phase frc sp ve Description vp he hp Reset State 0b 0b 1b 1b 0b 1b 0b 1b 0b = CFCM 1b = SFCM 0b = Continous Frame Stream 1b = Single Frame 1b = Frame Rate Clamp enabled 0b = Frame Rate Clamp disabled 1b = SOF active high 0b = SOF active low 1b = All virtual frame rows 0b = Window of Interest rows only 1b = Active high 0b = Active low 1b = Continous 0b = Window of Interest Pixels only 1b = Active high 0b = Active low Table 24. Capture Mode Control Register 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 The Sub-sample Control Register; Table 25, is used to define what pixels of the WOI are read and the method they are read. The sm bit determines the readout mode, defined in section 2.1.4, of the MCM20014, progressive scan or interlaced. In default, data is read out in progressive scan mode. Using the cm bit, the user can sample the pixel array in either monochrome or Bayer pattern color space. This means that when sampling the rows or columns, the set of pixels read will be gathered as individual pixels (monochrome) or in color tiles of pixels (Bayer pattern). The pixels will be read in monochrome mode in default. The ptm bit is used to define how the pixels are output in time. Setting this bit to a 1b will cause the MCM20014 to output the pixels at the same point in time it would have if the pixel array was fully sampled. Setting this bit to a 0b (default) will cause the device to burst each row of pixels out at the normal MCLK rate. The row sampling rate is defined by rf[1:0] while the column sampling rate is defined by cf[1:0]. The pixel array is fully sampled in default. MCM20014 MOTOROLA 31 Address 41h msb (7) 6 5 Sub-sample Control 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7 6 sm Function Unused Scan Mode cm ptm rf[1] Description rf[0] cf[1] cf[0] Reset State x 0b 0b 0b 00b Unused 1b = Interlaced scan 0b = Progressive scan 1b = Bayer Pattern Sampling 0b = Monochrome Pattern Sampling 1b = Output sampled pixels at same time interval as in full sampling 0b = Output sampled pixels at MCLK rate 11b = read one pattern, skip 7 (1/8 sampled) 10b = read one pattern, skip 3 (1/4 sampled) 01b = read one pattern, skip one (1/2 sampled) 00b = full sampling 11b = read one pattern, skip 7 (1/8 sampled) 10b = read one pattern, skip 3 (1/4 sampled) 01b = read one pattern, skip one (1/2 sampled) 00b = full sampling Table 25. Sub-sample Control Register 5 Color Mode Pixel Timing Mode Row Frequency 4 3-2 1-0 Column Frequency 00b MOTOROLA 32 MCM20014 The SOF Control Register and VCLK Control Register; Table 26 and Table 27 respectively, are used to define Address 54h msb (7) 6 5 4 the size of the SOF and VCLK signals. In default, SOF is one row wide while VLCK is 32 MCLKs wide. Default C0h 3 2 1 lsb (0) SOF Control sof[7] Bit Number 7-6 sof[6] Function SOF Control sof[5] sof[4] sof[3] Description sof[2] sof[1] sof[0] Reset State 11b sof[7:6] = 00b = 1 MCLK Wide sof[7:6] = 01b = 8 MCLKs Wide sof[7:6] = 10b = 32 MCLKs Wide sof[7:6] = 11b = Full Row Wide Factory Use Only Table 26. SOF Control Register 5-0 FUO 000000b Address 55h msb (7) 6 5 VCLK Control 4 3 2 1 Default 90h lsb (0) vck[7] Bit Number 7-6 vck[6] Function VCLK Control vck[5] vck[4] vck[3] Description vck[2] vck[1] vck[0] Reset State 10b vck[7:6] = 00b = 1 MCLK Wide vck[7:6] = 01b = 8 MCLKs Wide vck[7:6] = 10b = 32 MCLKs Wide vck[7:6] = 11b = Full Row Wide Factory Use Only Table 27. VCLK Control Register 5-0 FUO 010000b MCM20014 MOTOROLA 33 The Internal Timing Control Register; Table 28, is used to define the size of internal timing pulse widths. In default, both shs and shr are 6 MCLK’s wide. The user is Address 60h msb (7) 6 5 strongly encouraged to write an 00h to this register; thus making these pulse widths 16 MCLKs wide. Internal Timing Control 4 3 2 1 Default 66h lsb (0) shs[3] Bit Number 7-4 shs[2] Function shs shs[1] shs[0] shr[3] Description shr[2] shr[1] shr[0] Reset State 0110b shs[3:0] = 0000b = 16 MCLKs Wide shs[3:0] = 0001b = 1d MCLKs Wide shs[3:0] = 0010b = 2d MCLKs Wide | shs[3:0] = 0110b = 6d MCLKs Wide | shs[3:0] = 1111b = 15d MCLKs Wide shr[3:0] = 0000b = 16 MCLKs Wide shr[3:0] = 0001b = 1d MCLKs Wide shr[3:0] = 0010b = 2d MCLKs Wide | shr[3:0] = 0110b = 6d MCLKs Wide | shr[3:0] = 1111b = 15d MCLKs Wide Table 28. Internal Timing Control Register 3-0 shr 0110b 5.5.2 Programmable “Window of Interest” The WOI is defined by a set of registers that indicate the upper-left starting point for the window and another set of registers that define the size of the window. Please refer to Figure 6, on page 7 for a pictorial representation of the WOI within the active pixel array. The WOI Row Pointer; wrp[8:0] (Table 29 and Table 30), and the WOI Column Pointer; wcp[9:0] (Table 31 and Table 32), mark the upper-left starting point for the WOI. The WOI Row Pointer; wrp[8:0], has a range of 0d to 511d whereas the WOI Column Pointer; wcp[9:0] has a usable range of 0d to 703d. The pointer can be placed anywhere within the active pixel array. The WOI Row Depth; wrd[8:0] (Table 29 and Table 30), and the WOI Column Depth; wcd[9:0] (Table 31 and Table 32), indicate the size of the WOI. The WOI Row Depth; wrd[8:0], has a range of 0d to 511d whereas the WOI Column Depth; wcd[9:0], has a range of 0d to 703d. The user should be careful to create a WOI that contains active pixels only. There is no logic in the sensor MOTOROLA 34 MCM20014 interface to prevent the user from defining an WOI that addresses non-existant pixels. Address 45h msb (7) 6 5 WOI Row Pointer MSB 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-1 0 x Function Unused WOI Row Pointer x x x Description x x wrp[8] Reset State xxxxxxxx 0b Unused In conjunction with the WOI Row Pointer LSB Register (Table 30), forms the 9-bit WOI Row Pointer wrp[8:0] Table 29. WOI Row Pointer MSB Register Address 46h msb (7) 6 5 WOI Row Pointer LSB 4 3 2 1 Default 0Ch lsb (0) wrp[7] Bit Number 7-0 wrp[6] Function WOI Row Pointer wrp[5] wrp[4] wrp[3] Description wrp[2] wrp[1] wrp[0] Reset State 00001100b (row 12) In conjunction with the WOI Row Pointer MSB Register (Table 29), forms the 9-bit WOI Row Pointer wrp[8:0] Table 30. WOI Row Pointer LSB Register Address 49h msb (7) 6 5 WOI Column Pointer MSB 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-2 1-0 x Function Unused WOI Col. Pointer x x x Description x wcp[9] wcp[8] Reset State xxxxxx 00b Unused In conjunction with the WOI Column Pointer LSB Register (Table 32), forms the 10-bit WOI Column Pointer wcp[9:0] Table 31. WOI Column Pointer MSB Register MCM20014 MOTOROLA 35 Address 4Ah msb (7) 6 5 WOI Column Pointer LSB 4 3 2 1 Default 30h lsb (0) wcp[7] Bit Number 7-0 wcp[6] Function WOI Col. Pointer wcp5] wcp[4] wcp[3] Description wcp[2] wcp[1] wcp[0] Reset State 00110000b (col. 48) In conjunction with the WOI Column Pointer MSB Register (Table 31), forms the 10-bit WOI Column Pointer wcp[9:0] Table 32. WOI Column Pointer LSB Register Address 47h msb (7) 6 5 WOI Row Depth MSB 4 3 2 1 Default 01h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-1 0 x Function Unused WOI Row Depth x x x Description x x wrd[8] Reset State xxxxxxx 1b Unused In conjunction with the WOI Row Depth LSB Register (Table 34), forms the 9-bit WOI Row Depth wrd[8:0]. Table 33. WOI Row Depth MSB Register Address 48h msb (7) 6 5 WOI Row Depth LSB 4 3 2 1 Default DFh lsb (0) wrd[7] Bit Number 7-0 wrd[6] Function WOI Row Pointer wrd[5] wrd[4] wrd[3] Description wrd[2] wrd[1] wrd[0] Reset State 11011111b (480 rows) In conjunction with the WOI Row Depth MSB Register (Table 33), forms the 9-bit WOI Row Depth wrd[8:0]. Desired = wrdd + 1. Table 34. WOI Row Depth LSB Register MOTOROLA 36 MCM20014 Address 4Bh msb (7) 6 5 WOI Column Width MSB 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-2 1-0 x Function Unused WOI Col. Width x x x Description x wcw[9] wcw[8] Reset State xxxxxx 10b Unused In conjunction with the WOI Column Width LSB Register (Table 36), forms the 10-bit WOI Column Width wcw[9:0]. Table 35. WOI Column Width MSB Register Address 4Ch msb (7) 6 5 WOI Column Width LSB 4 3 2 1 Default 7Fh lsb (0) wcw[7] Bit Number 7-0 wcw[6] Function WOI Row Pointer wcw[5] wcw[4] wcw[3] Description wcw[2] wcw[1] wcw[0] Reset State 01111111b( 640 col.) In conjunction with the WOI Column Width MSB Register (Table 35), forms the 10-bit WOI Column Width wcw[9:0]. Desired = wcwd + 1. Table 36. WOI Column Width LSB Register 5.5.3 Integration Time Control The Integration Time registers; Table 37, Table 38, and Table 39, control the integration time for the pixel array. Integration time for SFCM; sint[20:0], is measured in MCLK cycles while the integration time for CFCM; cint[15:0], is measured in Virtual Row times. Please refer to Figure 8 for a pictorial description of the Virtual Frame and its relationship to the WOI. A virtual frame is the mechanism by which the user controls the integration time and frame time for the output data stream. By adding additional rows or columns as ‘blanking’ to the WOI to form the Virtual Frame, the user can control the amount of blanking in both horizontal and vertical space. Both the Virtual Frame Row Depth; vrd[13:0], and the Virtual Frame Column Width; vcw[9:0] have a range of 0d to 16384d. The user should be careful to create a Virtual Frame that is larger than the WOI. There is no logic in the sensor interface to prevent the user from defining a Virtual Frame smaller than the WOI. Therefore, pixel data may be lost. The Virtual Frame must be 1 row and 6 columns larger than the WOI. The Virtual Frame completely defines the integration time in CFCM. Any changes to the WOI or how the WOI is sampled has no effect on integration time. MCM20014 MOTOROLA 37 Address 4Dh msb (7) 6 5 Integration Time MSB 4 3 2 1 Default 00h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-4 3-0 x Function Unused Integration Time x x sint[19] Description sint[18] sint[17] sint[16] Reset State xxxx 0000b Unused SFCM: In conjunction with the Integration Time ISB (Table 38) and Integration Time LSB (Table 39) Registers, forms the 20-bit Integration Time sint[19:0]. CFCM: Unused Table 37. Integration Time MSB Register Address 4Eh msb (7) 6 5 Integration Time ISB 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) sint[15] cint[15] Bit Number 7-0 sint[14] cint[14] Function Integration Time sint[13] cint[13] sint[12] cint[12] sint[11] cint[11] Description sint[10] cint[10] sint[9] cint[9] sint[8] cint[8] Reset State 00000010b SFCM: In conjunction with the Integration Time MSB (Table 37) and Integration Time LSB (Table 39) Registers, forms the 20-bit Integration Time sint[19:0]. CFCM: In conjunction with the Integration Time LSB (Table 39) Register, forms the 16-bit Integration Time cint[15:0]. Table 38. Integration Time ISB Register MOTOROLA 38 MCM20014 Address 4Fh msb (7) 6 5 Integration Time LSB 4 3 2 1 Default 0Ch lsb (0) sint[7] cint[7] Bit Number 7-0 sint[6] cint[6] Function Integration Time sint[5] cint[5] sint[4] cint[4] sint[3] cint[3] Description sint[2] cint[2] sint[1] cint[1] sint[0] cint[0] Reset State 00001100b (SFCM: 8400 MCLKs CFCM: 525 Rows) SFCM: In conjunction with the Integration Time MSB (Table 37) and Integration Time ISB (Table 38) Registers, forms the 20-bit Integration Time sint[19:0]. Integration Time = sintd * 16 * MCLKperiod. CFCM: In conjunction with the Integration Time ISB (Table 38) Register, forms the 16-bit Integration Time cint[15:0]. Integration Time = (cintd + 1) * Trow Table 39. Integration Time LSB Register Address 50h msb (7) 6 5 CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth MSB 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Virtual Row Depth vrd[13] vrd[12] vrd[11] Description vrd[10] vrd[9] vrd[8] Reset State xx 000010b Unused In conjunction with the CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth LSB (Table 41) Register, forms the 14-bit Virtual Frame Row Depth vrd[13:0]. Table 40. CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth MSB Register MCM20014 MOTOROLA 39 Address 51h msb (7) 6 5 CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth LSB 4 3 2 1 Default 0Ch lsb (0) vrd[7] Bit Number 7-0 vrd[6] Function Virtual Row Depth vrd[5] vrd[4] vrd[3] Description vrd[2] vrd[1] vrd[0] Reset State 00001100b (525 rows) In conjunction with the CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth MSB (Table 40) Register, forms the 14-bit Virtual Frame Row Depth vrd[13:0]. WOI is always top-left justified in Virtual Frame. vrdd minimum = wrdd + 1 Table 41. CFCM Virtual Frame Row Depth LSB Register Address 52h msb (7) 6 CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width MSB 5 4 3 2 1 Default 02h lsb (0) x Bit Number 7-6 5-0 x Function Unused Virtual Column Width vcw[13] vcw[12] vcw[11] Description vcw[10] vcw[9] vcw[8] Reset State xx 000010b Unused In conjunction with the CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width LSB (Table 43) Register, forms the 14-bit Virtual Frame Column Width vcw[13:0]. Table 42. CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width MSB Register MOTOROLA 40 MCM20014 Address 53h msb (7) 6 CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width LSB 5 4 3 2 1 Default EDh lsb (0) vcw[7] Bit Number 7-0 vcw[6] Function Virtual Column Width vcw[5] vcw[4] vcw[3] Description vcw[2] vcw[1] vcw[0] Reset State 11101101b (750 col.) In conjunction with the CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width MSB (Table 42) Register, forms the 14-bit Virtual Frame Column Width vcw[13:0]. WOI is always top-left justified in Virtual Frame. vcwd minimum = wcwd + 11 (CFCM) vcwd minimum = wcwd + 14 (SFCM) Table 43. CFCM Virtual Frame Column Width LSB Register 6.0 I2C Serial Interface The I2C is an industry standard which is also compatible with the Motorola bus (called M-Bus) that is available on many microprocessor products. The I2C contains a serial two-wire half-duplex interface that features bidirectional operation, master or slave modes, and multimaster environment support. The clock frequency on the system is governed by the slowest device on the board. The SDATA and SCLK are the bidirectional data and clock pins, respectively. These pins are open drain and will require a pull-up resistor to VDD of 1.5 kΩ to 10 kΩ (see page 48). The I2C is used to write the required user system data into the Program Control Registers in the MCM20014. The I2C bus can also read the data in the Program Control Register for verification or test considerations. The MCM20014 is a slave only device that supports a maximum clock rate (SCLK) of 100 kHz while reading or writing only one register address per I2C start/stop cycle. The following sections will be limited to the methods for writing and reading data into the MCM20014 register. For a complete reference to I2C, see “The I2C Bus from Theory to Practice” by Dominique Paret and CarllFenger, published by John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0471962686. 6.1 MCM20014 I2C Bus Protocol The MCM20014 uses the I2C bus to write or read one register byte per start/stop I2C cycle as shown in Figure 25 and Figure 26. These figures will be used to describe the various parts of the I2C protocol communications as it applies to the MCM20014. MCM20014 I2C bus communication is basically composed of following parts: START signal, MCM20014 slave address (0110011b) transmission followed by a R/ W bit, an acknowledgment signal from the slave, 8 bit data transfer followed by another acknowledgment signal, STOP signal, Repeated START signal, and clock synchronization. 6.2 START Signal When the bus is free, i.e. no master device is engaging the bus (both SCLK and SDATA lines are at logical “1”), a master may initiate communication by sending a START signal. As shown in Figure 25, a START signal is defined as a high-to-low transition of SDATA while SCLK is high. This signal denotes the beginning of a new data transfer and wakes up all the slaves on the bus. 6.3 Slave Address Transmission The first byte of a data transfer, immediately after the START signal, is the slave address transmitted by the master. This is a 7-bit calling address followed by a R/ W bit. The seven-bit address for the MCM20014, starting with the MSB (AD7) is 0110011b. The transmitted calling address on the SDATA line may only be changed while SCLK is low as shown in Figure 25. The data on the SDATA line is valid on the High to Low signal transition on the SCLK line. The R/W bit following the 7-bit tells the slave the desired direction of data transfer: MCM20014 MOTOROLA 41 • • 1 = Read transfer, the slave transitions to a slave transmitter and sends the data to the master 0 = Write transfer, the master transmits data to the slave as a low-to-high transition of SDATA while SCLK is at logical “1” (see Figure 25). The master can generate a STOP even if the slave has generated an acknowledge bit at which point the slave must release the bus. 6.7 Repeated START Signal A Repeated START signal is a START signal generated without first generating a STOP signal to terminate the communication. This is used by the master to communicate with another slave or with the same slave in a different mode (transmit/receive mode) without releasing the bus. As shown in Figure 26, a Repeated START signal is being used during the read cycle and to redirect the data transfer from a write cycle (master transmits the register address to the slave) to a read cycle (slave transmits the data from the designated register to the slave). 6.4 Acknowledgment Only the slave with a calling address that matches the one transmitted by the master will respond by sending back an acknowledge bit. This is done by pulling the SDATA line low at the 9th clock (see Figure 25). If a transmitted slave address is acknowledged, successful slave addressing is said to have been achieved. No two slaves in the system may have the same address. The MCM20014 is configured to be a slave only. 6.5 Data Transfer Once successful slave addressing is achieved, data transfer can proceed between the master and the selected slave in a direction specified by the R/W bit sent by the calling master. Note that for the first byte after a start signal (in Figure 25 and Figure 26), the R/W bit is always a “0” designating a write transfer. This is required since the next data transfer will contain the register address to be read or written. All transfers that come after a calling address cycle are referred to as data transfers, even if they carry sub-address information for the slave device. Each data byte is 8 bits long. Data may be changed only while SCLK is low and must be held stable while SCLK is high as shown in Figure 25. There is one clock pulse on SCLK for each data bit, the MSB being transferred first. Each data byte has to be followed by an acknowledge bit, which is signalled from the receiving device by pulling the SDATA low at the ninth clock. So one complete data byte transfer needs nine clock pulses. If the slave receiver does not acknowledge the master, the SDATA line must be left high by the slave. The master can then generate a stop signal to abort the data transfer or a start signal (repeated start) to commence a new calling. If the master receiver does not acknowledge the slave transmitter after a byte transmission, it means 'end of data' to the slave, so the slave releases the SDATA line for the master to generate STOP or START signal. 6.6 Stop Signal The master can terminate the communication by generating a STOP signal to free the bus. However, the master may generate a START signal followed by a calling command without generating a STOP signal first. This is called a Repeated START. A STOP signal is defined MOTOROLA 42 MCM20014 MSB SCLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 LSB 7 8 9 MSB 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 LSB 8 9 SDATA AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 “0 ” “ 1 ” “1 ” “ 0 ” “ 0 ” “1 ” “ 1 ” MCM20014 I2C Bus Address D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Start Signal MCM20014 Register Address Write Ack Bit from MCM20014 LSB Ack Bit from MCM20014 MSB SCLK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 SDATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Data to write MCM20014 Register Ack Stop Bit Signal from MCM20014 Figure 25. WRITE Cycle using I2C Bus 6.8 I2C Bus Clocking and Synchronization Open drain outputs are used on the SCLK outputs of all master and slave devices so that the clock can be synchronized and stretched using wire-AND logic. This means that the slowest device will keep the bus from going faster than it is capable of receiving or transmitting data. After the master has driven SCLK from High to Low, all the slaves drive SCLK Low for the required period that is needed by each slave device and then releases the SCLK bus. If the slave SCLK Low period is greater than the master SCLK Low period, the resulting SCLK bus signal Low period is stretched. Therefore, synchronized clocking occurs since the SCLK is held low by the device with the longest Low period. Also, this method can be used by the slaves to slow down the bit rate of a transfer. The master controls the length of time that the SCLK line is in the High state. The data on the SDATA line is valid when the master switches the SCLK line from a High to a Low. Slave devices may hold the SCLK low after completion of one byte transfer (9 bits). In such case, it halts the bus clock and forces the master clock into wait states until the slave releases the SCLK line. 6.9 Register Write Writing the MCM20014 registers is accomplished with the following I2C transactions (see Figure 25): • • Master transmits a START Master transmits the MCM20014 Slave Calling Address with “WRITE” indicated (BYTE=66h, 102d, 01100110b) MCM20014 slave sends acknowledgment by forcing the SDATA Low during the 9th clock, if the Calling Address was received Master transmits the MCM20014 Register Address MCM20014 slave sends acknowledgment by forcing the SDATA Low during the 9th clock after receiving the Register Address Master transmits the data to be written into the register at the previously received Register Address MCM20014 slave sends acknowledgment by forcing the SDATA Low during the 9th clock after receiving the data to be written into the Register Address Master transmits STOP to end the write cycle • • • • • • MCM20014 MOTOROLA 43 6.10 Register Read Reading the MCM20014 registers is accomplished with the following I2C transactions (see Figure 26): • • Master transmits a START Master transmits the MCM20014 Slave Calling Address with “WRITE” indicated (BYTE=66h, 102d, 01100110b) MCM20014 slave sends acknowledgment by forcing the SData Low during the 9th clock, if the Calling Address was received Master transmits the MCM20014 Register Address MCM20014 slave sends acknowledgment by forcing the SData Low during the 9th clock after receiving the Register Address • • • • • • • • • • Master transmits a Repeated START Master transmits the MCM20014 Slave Calling Address with “READ” indicated (BYTE = 67h, 103d, 01100111b) MCM20014 slave sends acknowledgment by forcing the SDATA Low during the 9th clock, if the Calling Address was received At this point, the MCM20014 transitions from a “Slave-Receiver” to a “Slave-Transmitter” MCM20014 sends the SCLK and the Register Data contained in the Register Address that was previously received from the master; MCM20014 transitions to slave-receiver Master does not send an acknowledgment (NAK) Master transmits STOP to end the read cycle SCLK 1 MSB 2 3 4 5 6 7 LSB 8 9 1 MSB D7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LSB 9 SDATA AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 “0 ” “1 ” “ 1 ” “0 ” “0 ” “1 ” “1 ” MCM20014 I2C Bus Address D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 XX Start Signal MCM20014 Register Address Write Ack Bit from MCM20014 Ack Repeated Bit Start from Signal MCM20014 SCLK 1 MSB 2 3 4 5 6 7 LSB 8 9 At this point the MCM20014 transitions from a “SLAVE-receiver” to a “SLAVE- transmitter” SDATA AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 “0 ” “1 ” “1 ” “0 ” “0 ” “1 ” “1 ” MCM20014 I2C Bus Address Read Ack Bit fromMCM20014 SCLK 1 MSB 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 LSB 9 The MCM20014 transitions from a “SLAVE-transmitter” to a “SLAVE-receiver” after the register data is sent SDATA D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Data from MCM20014 Register No Ack. Bit from MASTER terminates the transfer Stop Signal from MASTER Single Byte Transfer to Master Figure 26. READ Cycle using I2C Bus MOTOROLA 44 MCM20014 7.0 Electrical Characteristics ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS1 (Voltages Referenced to VSS) Symbol VDD Vin Vout I I TSTG TL 1 Parameter DC Supply Voltage DC Input Voltage DC Output Voltage DC Current Drain per Pin, Any Single Input or Output DC Current Drain, VDD and VSS Pins Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (10 second soldering) Value -0.5 to 3.8 0.5 to VDD + 0.5 -0.5 to VDD + 0.5 ±50 ±100 -65 to +150 300 Unit V V V mA mA °C °C Maximum Ratings are those values beyond which damage to the device may occur. VSS = AVSS = DVSS = VSSO (DVSS = VSS of Digital circuit, AVSS = VSS of Analog Circuit) VDD = AVDD = DVDD = VDDO (DVDD = VDD of Digital circuit, AVDD = VDD of Analog Circuit) RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS (to guarantee functionality; voltage referenced to VSS) Symbol VDD TA TJ Parameter DC Supply Voltage, VDD = 3.3V (Nominal) Commercial Operating Temperature Junction Temperature Min 3.0 0 0 Max 3.6 40 55 Unit V °C °C Notes: - All parameters are characterized for DC conditions after thermal equilibrium has been established. - Unused inputs must always be tied to an appropriate logic level, e.g., either VSS or VDD. - This device contains circuitry to protect the inputs against damage due to high static voltages or electric fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltage higher than the maximum rated voltages to this high impedance circuit. - For proper operation it is recommended that Vin and Vout be constrained to the range VSS < (Vin or Vout) < VDD. DC ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (VDD = 3.3V ± 0.3V; VDD referenced to VSS; Ta = 0°C to 40°C) TA = 0°C to 40°C Symbol VIH VIL Iin IOH IOL VOH VOL IOZ IDD Characteristic Input High Voltage Input Low Voltage Input Leakage Current, No Pull-up Resistor Output High Current Output Low Current Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage 3-State Output Leakage Current Maximum Standby Supply Current Vin = VDD or VSS VDD = Min, VOH Min = 0.8 * VDD VDD = Min, VOL Max = 0.4 V VDD = Min, IOH = -100µA VDD = Min, IOL = 100µA Output = High Impedance, Vout = VDD or VSS Iout = 0mA, Vin = VDD or VSS -10 0 Condition Min 2.0 -0.3 -5 -3 3 VDD - 0.2 0.2 10 15.0 Max VDD+0.3 0.8 5 Unit V V µA mA mA V V µA mA MCM20014 MOTOROLA 45 POWER DISSIPATION (VDD = 3.0V, VDD referenced to VSS; Ta = 25°C) Symbol PDYN PSTDBY PAVG Parameter Dynamic Power Standby Power Average Power Condition 13.5 MHz MCLK Clock frequency STDBY Pin Logic High 13.5 MHz Operation (using STDBY) Typ 400 50 200 Unit mW mW mW MCM20014 MONOCHROME CMOS IMAGE SENSOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS Symbol Esat QE PRNU Parameter Saturation Exposure Peak Quantum Efficiency (@550nm) Photoresponse Non-uniformity Typ 0.14 18 12 Unit µJ/cm2 % % pk-pk Notes 1 2 3 Notes: 1.For λ = 550 nm wavelength. 2.Refer to typical values from Figure 3, MCM20014 nominal spectral response. 3.For a 100 x 100 pixel region under uniform illumination with output signal equal to 80% of saturation signal. MCM20014 COLOR CMOS IMAGE SENSOR ELECTRO-OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS Symbol Esat QEr QEg QEb Parameter Saturation Exposure Red Peak Quantum Efficiency @ λ = 650 nm Green Peak Quantum Efficiency @ λ = 550 nm Blue Peak Quantum Efficiency @ λ = 450 nm Typ 0.3 12 11 8 Unit µJ/cm2 % % % Notes 1 2 2 2 Notes: 1.For λ = 550 nm wavelength. 2.Refer to typical values from Figure 3, MCM20014 nominal spectral response. CMOS IMAGE SENSOR CHARACTERISTICS Symbol Parameter Sensitivity Id DSNU CTE fH Xab Photodiode Dark Current Dark Signal Non-Uniformity (Entire Field) Pixel Charge Transfer Efficiency Horizontal Imager Frequency Blooming Margin - shuttered light Typ 3.0 0.2 0.4 0.9995 11.5 200 Unit V/lux-sec nA/cm2 % rms % MHz 1 4 2,3 Notes Notes: 1. Transfer efficiency of photosite 2. Xab represents the increase above the saturation-irradiance level (Hsat) that the device can be exposed to before blooming of the pixel will occur. 3. No column streaking 4. At 30fps VGA MOTOROLA 46 MCM20014 GENERAL Symbol ne- total DR Parameter Total System (equivalent) Noise Floor System Dynamic Range Typ 70 50 Unit e rms dB - Notes 1 Notes: 1.Includes amplifier noise, dark pattern noise and dark current shot noise at 13.5 MHz data rates. ANALOG SIGNAL PROCESSOR CHARACTERISTICS Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) Symbol Parameter Resolution VIN INL DNL fmax 8 Min Typ 10 2.5 +1.0 +0.5 Max Units bits Vpp LSB LSB Input Dynamic Range8 Integral Non-Linearity Differential Non-Linearity ADC Clock Rate 13.5 MHz Notes: Effective differential signal dynamic range 9. INL & DNL test limits are adjusted to compensate for the effects of the LRC, DOVA and DPGA stages between teh EXT_VINS inpt and the input of the ADC. MCM20014 MOTOROLA 47 I2C SERIAL INTERFACE6 TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (see Figure 27) Symbol fmax M1 M2 M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 CI Cbus Rp 62 7 Characteristic SCLK maximum frequency Start condition SCLK hold time SCLK low period SCLK/SDATA rise time [from VIL = (0.2)*VDD to VIH = (.8)*VDD] SDATA hold time SCLK/SDATA fall time (from Vh = 2.4V to Vl = 0.5V) SCLK high period SDATA setup time Start / Repeated Start condition SCLK setup time Stop condition SCLK setup time Capacitive for each I/O pin Capacitive bus load for SCLK and SDATA Pull-up Resistor on SCLK and SDATA Min 50 4 8 4 4 4 4 4 1.5 Max 400 .3 .3 10 200 10 Unit KHz TMCLK7 TMCLK µs8 TMCLK7 µ s8 TMCLK TMCLK7 TMCLK TMCLK pF pF kΩ9 I C is a proprietary Philips interface bus The unit TMCLK is the period of the input master clock; The frequency of MCLK is assumed 13.5 MHz 8 The capacitive load is 200 pF 9 A pull-up resistor to VDD is required on each of the SCLK and SDATA lines; for a maximum bus capacitive load of 200 pf, the minimum value of Rp should be selected in order to meet specifications M2 M6 M5 SCLK M1 M8 M4 M7 M8 VIH VIL M3 M9 SDATA Figure 27. I2C Bus Timing Diagram MOTOROLA 48 MCM20014 PIXEL DATA BUS INTERFACE TIMING SPECIFICATIONS (see Figure 28) Symbol fmax thsync tsusync tdsof tdvclk tdrhclk tdfhclk tdadc tdblank Characteristic MCLK maximum frequency SYNC hold time w.r.t MCLK SYNC setup time w.r.t MCLK MCLK to SOF delay time MCLK to VCLK delay time Rising edge of MCLK to rising edge of HCLK delay time Falling edge of MCLK to falling edge of HCLK delay time MCLK to ADC[9:0] delay time MCLK to BLANK delay time Min 1 3.5 3.0 8 8.5 7.5 3 8 8 Typ 11.5 13 13.5 13 5 13 13 Max 13.5 9 8.5 21.5 22 22 10.5 21.5 21.5 Unit MHz ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns MCLK tsusync SYNC thsync tdsof SOF tdvclk VCLK tdfhclk tdrhclk HCLK tdadc ADC[9:0] tdblank BLANK Figure 28. Pixel Data Bus Timing Diagram MCM20014 MOTOROLA 49 Table 44. MCM20014 Pin Definitions Pin Pin No. Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 ADC0 DVDD DVSS BLANK AVDD AVSS EXTRES TEST_AI AVDD AVSS CVREFM CVREFP CLRCB CLRCA AVDD AVSS MCLK Description Output Bit 6 = 6410 Weight Output Bit 5 = 3210 Weight Output Bit 4 = 1610 Weight Output Bit 3 = 810 Weight Output Bit 2 = 410 Weight Output Bit 1 = 210 Weight Output Bit 0 = 110 Weight Digital Power Digital Ground Pixel In-valid Analog Power Analog Ground External Bias Resisitor Input Test Analog Chain Input Analog Power Analog Ground Bias Reference Bottom Output Bias Reference Top Output Line Rate Clamp Output Line Rate Clamp Output Analog Power Analog Ground Master Clock TEST_IN0 TEST_IN1 Pin Power Type O O O O O O O P G O P G I I O P G O O O O P G I TEST_IN3 TEST_IN2 TEST_IN5 TEST_IN4 TEST_IN6 A A A A A A D D Pin Pin No. Name 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 TEST_IN8 TEST_IN7 SCLK SDATA STBY INIT TS SYNC DVDD Description I2C Serial Clock I2C Serial Data Power Down Standby Enable Sensor Intialize Three State Ouput Enable Sensor Sync Signal Digital Power Pin Power Type I/O I/O I I I I P I I I I I I I I I I G O O O O O O D D TEST_IN9 Test Input 9 TEST_IN8 Test Input 8 TEST_IN7 Test Input 7 TEST_IN6 Test Input 6 TEST_IN5 Test Input 5 TEST_IN4 Test Input 4 TEST_IN3 Test Input 3 TEST_IN2 Test Input 2 TEST_IN1 Test Input 1 TEST_IN0 Test Input 0 DVSS HCLK VCLK SOF ADC9 ADC8 ADC7 DVDD TEST_IN9 Digital Ground Pixel Sync Line Sync Start Of Frame Output Bit 9 = 51210 Weight Output Bit 8 = 25610 Weight Output Bit 7 = 12810 Weight TEST_AO Test Analog Video Output note: pins 27,29-30, 32-41 should be pulled down when not in use DVSS Legend: P = VDD G = VSS I = Input O = Output D = Digital A = Analog HCLK VCLK SOF ADC9 ADC8 ADC7 ADC6 ADC5 ADC4 ADC3 ADC2 ADC1 43 44 45 46 47 48 1 2 3 456 Figure 29. MCM20014 Pinout Diagram 41 42 7 ADC0 8 DVDD 40 DVSS 39 BLANK Top-View 38 36 37 13 EXTRES 35 33 34 31 SYNC TS INIT STBY SDATA SCLK MCLK AVSS AVDD CLRCA CLRCB CVREFP 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 32 10 9 12 11 AVSS AVDD 15 14 TEST_AI 17 16 18 CVREFM AVSS AVDD TEST_AO MOTOROLA 50 MCM20014 Dim A B C D E F G H J K L R R1 Min 0.555 0.525 --0.016 0.067 0.075 0.040 BSC 0.033 0.555 0.525 0.028 REF 0.028 REF 0.028 REF Max 0.572 0.545 0.120 0.024 0.083 0.095 0.047 0.572 0.545 Figure 30. 48 Terminal ceramic leadless chip carrier (bottom view) MCM20014 MOTOROLA 51 Active Pixel Array Center x-axis pixel offset 181.5µm (7.1mils) y-axis pixel offset 1225.5µm (48.2mils) Die Placement Positional Tolerance 200µm (7.9mils) Note: Pictured elements are shown for reference, not to scale. .200" Ref Figure 31. Center of the focal plane array with respect to the die cavity (top view) Notes: 1. Dimensions are in inches. 2. Interpret dimensions and tolerances per ASME Y14.5-1994 MOTOROLA 52 MCM20014 Lid to Die Dimensional Analysis Die Surface to Seating Plane Mils Minimum Maximum Nominal A 19.65 23.65 21.65 B 45 55 50 C 27.76 29.33 28.54 D E F 22 0.5 0.5 28 4 2 25 2 1 Maximum possible variation: G 31.82 52.39 42.11 20.57 H 12.17 28.74 20.46 16.57 50.25585 61.33065 55.5433 11.07 mm Minimum Maximum Nominal A 0.50 0.60 0.55 B 1.14 1.40 1.27 C 0.705 0.745 0.725 D E F 0.56 0.01 0.01 0.71 0.10 0.05 0.64 0.05 0.03 Maximum possible variation: G 0.81 1.33 1.07 0.5226 H 0.31 0.73 0.52 0.421 1.28 1.56 1.41 0.28 A F - Lid Seal thickness G H B D E - Die Attach thickness C - Die Figure 32. Focal plane with respect to package. MCM20014 MOTOROLA 53 Note: For the most current information regarding this product, contact Motorola on the World Wide Web at http://www.motorola.com/adc/Image_Capture/ Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. 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MFax is a trademark of Motorola, Inc. How to reach us: USA/EUROPE/Locations Not Listed: Motorola Literature Distribution; P.O. Box 5405, Denver Colorado 80217. 1-800-441-2447 or 303-675-2140 MFaxTM: RMFAX0@email.sps.mot.com -TOUCHTONE (602) 244-6609 HOME PAGE:http://motorola.com/sps/ JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.: SPD, Strategic Planning Office, 141, 4-32-1 Nishi-Gotanda, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan. 81-3-5487-8488 ASIA/PACIFIC: Motorola Semiconductors H.K. Ltd.; 8B Tai Ping Industrial Park, 51 Ting Kok Road, Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong. 852-26629298 MCM20014