NB619
7A, 25V, 580KHz Step-Down Converter
with Synchronizable Gate Driver
The Future of Analog IC Technology
DESCRIPTION
FEATURES
The NB619 is a high frequency synchronous
rectified step-down switch mode converter with
a built in internal high side power MOSFET. It
offers a very compact solution to achieve 7A
continuous output current over a wide input,
load and line range.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Current mode operation provides fast transient
response and eases loop stabilization.
Full protection features include OCP and thermal
shut down.
The NB619 requires a minimum number of
readily available standard external components
and is available in a space saving 3mm x 4mm
14-pin QFN package.
Only 9 External Components
Wide 4.5V to 25V Operating Input Range
7A Output Current
Internal High Side Power MOSFET
Fixed 580kHz Switching Frequency
Sync from 300kHz to 2MHz External Clock
Internal Compensation
Power Good Output
Integrated Bootstrap Diode
OCP Protection and Thermal Shutdown
Output Adjustable from 0.8V to 15V
Available in 3mm x 4mm 14-pin QFN
package
APPLICATIONS
•
•
•
•
•
•
Notebook Systems and I/O Power
Networking Systems
Digital Set Top Boxes
Personal Video Recorders
Flat Panel Television and Monitors
Distributed Power Systems
All MPS parts are lead-free and adhere to the RoHS directive. For MPS green
status, please visit MPS website under Quality Assurance. “MPS” and “The
Future of Analog IC Technology” are Registered Trademarks of Monolithic
Power Systems, Inc.
TYPICAL APPLICATION (FOR NOTEBOOK)
4, 5, 6
VIN
12
R3
100K
R4
IN
BST
SW
VCC
OFF ON
SDRV
FB
R5
GND
14
VOUT
3.3V
8, 9, 10
NB619
7 AAM
2
PGOOD
3
EN/SYNC
PGOOD
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
11
13
M1
R1
31.6K
1
R2
10K
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1
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
ORDERING INFORMATION
Part Number*
Package
Top Marking
Temperature
NB619DL
3x4 QFN14
619D
–40°C to +85°C
For Tape & Reel, add suffix –Z (eg. NB619DL–Z).
For RoHS compliant packaging, add suffix –LF (eg. NB619DL–LF–Z)
PACKAGE REFERENCE
TOP VIEW
FB
1
14
GND
PG
2
13
SDRV
EN/SYNC
3
12
VCC
IN
4
11
BST
IN
5
10
SW
IN
6
9
SW
AAM
7
8
SW
EXPOSED PAD
ON BACKSIDE
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (1)
Supply Voltage VIN ....................................... 28V
VSW .......................–0.3V (-5V for < 10ns) to 29V
VBS ....................................................... VSW + 6V
All Other Pins .................................–0.3V to +6V
Continuous Power Dissipation (TA = +25°C) (2)
………………………………………..……....2.6W
Junction Temperature ...............................150°C
Lead Temperature ....................................260°C
Storage Temperature.............. –65°C to +150°C
Recommended Operating Conditions
(3)
Supply Voltage VIN ...........................4.5V to 25V
Output Voltage VOUT .........................0.8V to 15V
Operating Temperature............. –40°C to +85°C
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
Thermal Resistance
(4)
θJA
θJC
3x4 QFN14 ............................. 48 ...... 11... °C/W
Notes:
1) Exceeding these ratings may damage the device.
2) The maximum allowable power dissipation is a function of the
maximum junction temperature TJ (MAX), the junction-toambient thermal resistance θJA, and the ambient temperature
TA. The maximum allowable continuous power dissipation at
any ambient temperature is calculated by PD (MAX) = (TJ
(MAX)-TA)/θJA. Exceeding the maximum allowable power
dissipation will cause excessive die temperature, and the
regulator will go into thermal shutdown. Internal thermal
shutdown circuitry protects the device from permanent
damage.
3) The device is not guaranteed to function outside of its
operating conditions.
4) Measured on JESD51-7, 4-layer PCB.
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2
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
VIN = 12V, TA = +25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Parameters
Supply Current (Shutdown)
Supply Current (Quiescent)
Switch On Resistance (5)
Switch Leakage
Current Limit (5)
Oscillator Frequency
Maximum Duty Cycle
Sync Frequency Range
Feedback Voltage
Feedback Current
EN/SYNC Input Low Voltage
EN/SYNC Input High Voltage
EN Input Current
EN Turn Off Delay
Power Good Threshold Rising
Power Good Threshold Falling
Power Good Delay (5)
Power Good Sink Current
Capability
Power Good Leakage Current
VIN Under Voltage Lockout
Threshold Rising
VIN Under Voltage Lockout
Threshold Hysteresis
VCC Regulator
VCC Load Regulation
Gate Drive Sink Impedance (5)
Gate Drive Source Impedance (5)
Thermal Shutdown
Symbol
IIN
IIN
SWRDS-ON
SWLKG
ILIMIT
FSW
DMAX
FSYNC
VFB
IFB
VILEN
VIHEN
IEN
Condition
VEN = 0V
VEN = 2V, VFB = 1V
Min
VEN = 0V, VSW = 0V
VFB = 0.75V
VFB = 700mV
9.5
450
85
0.3
788
VFB = 800mV
Max
1
1.
580
90
730
808
10
100
2
828
100
0.4
2
VEN = 2V
VEN = 0V
2
0.1
5
0.71
0.53
25
ENTd-Off
PGVth-Hi
PGVth-Lo
PGTd
VPG
Sink 4mA
IPG_LEAK
VPG = 3.3V
INUVVth
3.8
INUVHYS
VCC
4.5
Icc=20mA
RSINK
RSOURCE
TSD
Typ
0
0.7
50
0
Units
μA
mA
mΩ
nA
A
KHz
%
MHz
mV
nA
V
V
μA
μsec
V
V
μs
0.4
V
1
100
nA
4.0
4.2
V
880
mV
5.5
5
1
3
150
V
%
Ω
Ω
°C
Note:
5) Guaranteed by design.
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
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3
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
PIN FUNCTIONS
Pin #
Name
1
FB
2
PG
3
EN/SYNC
4,5,6
IN
7
AAM
8,9,10
SW
11
BST
12
13
VCC
SDRV
14
GND
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
Description
Feedback. An external resistor divider from the output to GND, tapped to the FB
pin, sets the output voltage.
Power good output, the output of this pin is an open drain and is high if the output
voltage is higher than 90% of the nominal voltage. There is a 20µs delay to pull PG
if the output voltage is lower than 10% of regulation value.
EN=1 to enable the NB619. External clock can be applied to EN pin for changing
switching frequency. For automatic start-up, connect EN pin to VIN with 100KΩ
resistor.
Supply Voltage. The NB619 operates from a +4.5V to +25V input rail. C1 is
needed to decouple the input rail. Use wide PCB traces and multiple vias to make
the connection.
Connects to a voltage set by 2 resistor dividers forces NB619 into nonsynchronous mode when load is small.
Switch Output. Use wide PCB traces and multiple vias to make the connection.
Bootstrap. A capacitor connected between SW and BS pins is required to form a
floating supply across the high-side switch driver.
Bias Supply. Decouple with 1µF capacitor.
Low Side Gate Drive output.
System Ground. This pin is the reference ground of the regulated output voltage.
For this reason care must be taken in PCB layout.
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4
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
Enabled Supply Current vs.
Input Voltage
Disabled Supply Current vs.
Input Voltage
VCC Regulator Line Regulation
0.15
716
5.6
5.2
714
0.1
712
4.8
4.4
Vcc(V)
710
0.05
708
706
0
704
3.2
2.8
702
0
5
10
15
20
25
-0.05
30
0
5
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
20
25
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
10
8
6
4
2
0.4
0.6
0.8
10
1
0
1
DUTY CYCLE (%)
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
60
Half Load
Full Load
20
-0.4
10
-0.5
0
0
5
10
15
20
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
VIN=12.6V
0.1
0
VIN=19V
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
0
25
30
2
4
6
8
95
30
-0.3
30
100
40
-0.2
25
Efficiency
50
-0.1
20
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
EFFICIENCY (%)
70
15
0.2
Case Temperature vs.
Output Current
0.1
10
0.3
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Load Regulation
5
Load Regulation
0.1
0
0.2
0
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
100
0
2.4
30
Operating Range
12
PEAK CURRENT (A)
15
INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
Peak Current vs.
Duty Circle
NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE (%)
10
NORMALIZED OUTPUT VOLTAGE (%)
700
4
3.6
90
VIN=12.6V
85
80
VIN=19V
75
70
65
60
55
0
2
4
6
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
8
50
0.01
0.1
1
10
OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
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5
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (continued)
Short Entry
Short Recovery
Enable Startup
without Load
VOUT
2V/div
VOUT
2V/div
VOUT
2V/div
BG
5V/div
BG
5V/div
EN
5V/div
SW
10V/div
SW
10V/div
SW
5V/div
IINDUCTOR
10A/div
IINDUCTOR
10A/div
IINDUCTOR
1A/div
Enable Startup
with 7A load
2ms/div
2ms/div
Enable Shutdown
without Load
Enable Shutdown
with 7A load
VOUT
2V/div
VOUT
2V/div
VOUT
2V/div
EN
5V/div
SW
20V/div
EN
5V/div
EN
5V/div
SW
10V/div
SW
10V/div
IINDUCTOR
1A/div
IINDUCTOR
5A/div
IINDUCTOR
5A/div
2ms/div
400ms/div
VOUT
50mV/div
VIN
500mV/div
SW
10V/div
SW
10V/div
IOUT
5A/div
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
IINDUCTOR
5A/div
Input Ripple Voltage
Output Ripple Voltage
Iout=7A
Iout=7A
VOUT
10mV/div
BG
5V/div
SW
10V/div
IINDUCTOR
10A/div
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6
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
BLOCK DIAGRAM
IN
+
-
VCC
Regulator
VCC
RSEN
Current Sense
Amplifer
Boost
Regulator
PGOOD
MN3
Oscillator
BST
HS
Driver
+
-
PG Comparator
SW
Control Logic
Latches Comparator
Timing ControL
1pF
Reference
EN/SYNC
50pF
1MEG
400K
LS
Driver
+
+
-
FB
Error Amplifier
SDRV
GND
AAM
Figure 1—Functional Block Diagram
OPERATION
The NB619 is a high frequency synchronous
rectified step-down switch mode converter with a
built in internal high side power MOSFET. It
offers a very compact solution to achieve 7A
continuous output current over a wide input
supply range with excellent load and line
regulation.
The NB619 operates in a fixed frequency, peak
current control mode to regulate the output
voltage. A PWM cycle is initiated by the internal
clock. The integrated high-side power MOSFET
is turned on and remains on until its current
reaches the value set by the COMP voltage.
When the power switch is off, it remains off until
the next clock cycle starts. If, in 90% of one PWM
period, the current in the power MOSFET does
not reach the COMP set current value, the power
MOSFET will be forced to turn off.
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
Error Amplifier
The error amplifier compares the FB pin voltage
with the internal 0.8V reference (REF) and
outputs a current proportional to the difference
between the two. This output current is then used
to charge or discharge the internal compensation
network to form the COMP voltage, which is used
to control the power MOSFET current. The
optimized
internal
compensation
network
minimizes the external component counts and
simplifies the control loop design.
Internal Regulator
Most of the internal circuitries are powered from
the 5V internal regulator. This regulator takes the
VIN input and operates in the full VIN range.
When VIN is greater than 5.0V, the output of the
regulator is in full regulation. When VIN is lower
than 5.0V, the output decreases.
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7
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
Since this internal regulator provides the bias
current for the bottom gate driver that requires
significant amount of current depending upon the
external MOSFET selection, a 1uF ceramic
capacitor for decoupling purpose is required.
Enable/Sync Control
The NB619 has a dedicated Enable/Sync control
pin (EN/SYNC). By pulling it high or low, the IC
can be enabled and disabled by EN. Tie EN to
VIN for automatic start up. To disable the part,
EN must be pulled low for at least 5µs.
The NB619 can be synchronized to external
clock range from 300KHz up to 2MHz through
the EN/SYNC pin. The internal clock rising edge
is synchronized to the external clock rising edge.
Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO)
Under-voltage lockout (UVLO) is implemented to
protect the chip from operating at insufficient
supply voltage. The NB619 UVLO comparator
monitors the output voltage of the internal
regulator, VCC. The UVLO rising threshold is
about 4.0V while its falling threshold is a
consistent 3.2V.
Internal Soft-Start
The soft-start is implemented to prevent the
converter output voltage from overshooting
during startup. When the chip starts, the internal
circuitry generates a soft-start voltage (SS)
ramping up from 0V to 1.2V. When it is lower
than the internal reference (REF), SS overrides
REF so the error amplifier uses SS as the
reference. When SS is higher than REF, REF
regains control.
Over-Current-Protection and Hiccup
The NB619 has cycle-by-cycle over current limit
when the inductor current peak value exceeds
the set current limit threshold. Meanwhile, output
voltage starts to drop until FB is below the UnderVoltage (UV) threshold, typically 30% below the
reference. Once a UV is triggered, the NB619
enters hiccup mode to periodically restart the part.
This protection mode is especially useful when
the output is dead-short to ground. The average
short circuit current is greatly reduced to alleviate
the thermal issue and to protect the regulator.
The NB619 exits the hiccup mode once the over
current condition is removed.
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
Thermal Shutdown
Thermal shutdown is implemented to prevent the
chip from operating at exceedingly high
temperatures. When the silicon die temperature
is higher than 150°C, it shuts down the whole
chip. When the temperature is lower than its
lower threshold, typically 140°C, the chip is
enabled again.
Floating Driver and Bootstrap Charging
The floating power MOSFET driver is powered by
an external bootstrap capacitor. This floating
driver has its own UVLO protection. This UVLO’s
rising threshold is 2.2V with a hysteresis of
150mV. The bootstrap capacitor voltage is
regulated internally by VIN through D1, M3, C4,
L1 and C2 (Figure 2). If (VIN-VSW) is more than
5V, U2 will regulate M1 to maintain a 5V BST
voltage across C4.
SW
Figure 2—Internal Bootstrap Charging Circuit
Startup and Shutdown
If both VIN and EN are higher than their
appropriate thresholds, the chip starts. The
reference block starts first, generating stable
reference voltage and currents, and then the
internal regulator is enabled. The regulator
provides stable supply for the remaining
circuitries.
Three events can shut down the chip: EN low,
VIN low and thermal shutdown. In the shutdown
procedure, the signaling path is first blocked to
avoid any fault triggering. The COMP voltage and
the internal supply rail are then pulled down. The
floating driver is not subject to this shutdown
command.
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8
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
APPLICATION INFORMATION
Setting the Output Voltage
The external resistor divider is used to set the
output voltage (see the schematic on front page).
The feedback resistor R1 also sets the feedback
loop bandwidth with the internal compensation
capacitor (see Figure 1). Choose R1 to be
around 31.6kΩ for optimal transient response. R2
is then given by:
R2 =
R1
VOUT
−1
0.808V
VOUT (V)
R1 (kΩ)
R2 (kΩ)
1.8
2.5
3.3
5
31.6 (1%)
31.6 (1%)
31.6 (1%)
31.6 (1%)
25.5 (1%)
14.7(1%)
10(1%)
6.04 (1%)
Selecting the Inductor
A 1µH to 10µH inductor with a DC current rating
of at least 25% percent higher than the maximum
load current is recommended for most
applications. For highest efficiency, the inductor
DC resistance should be less than 15mΩ. For
most designs, the inductance value can be
derived from the following equation.
VOUT × ( VIN − VOUT )
VIN × ΔIL × f OSC
Where ΔIL is the inductor ripple current.
Choose inductor current to be approximately
30% if the maximum load current, 8A. The
maximum inductor peak current is:
IL(MAX ) = ILOAD +
ΔI L
2
Under light load conditions below 100mA, larger
inductance is recommended for improved
efficiency.
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
Table 2 lists example synchronous MOSFETs
and manufacturers.
Table 2—Synchronous MOSFET Selection
Guide
Table 1—Resistor Selection for Common
Output Voltages
L=
Synchronous MOSFET
The external synchronous MOSFET is used to
supply current to the inductor when the internal
high-side switch is off. It reduces the power loss
significantly when compared against a Schottky
rectifier.
Part No.
Manufacture
Si7112
Si7114
AM4874
Vishay
Vishay
Analog Power
Selecting the Input Capacitor
The input current to the step-down converter is
discontinuous, therefore a capacitor is required to
supply the AC current to the step-down converter
while maintaining the DC input voltage. Use low
ESR capacitors for the best performance.
Ceramic capacitors with X5R or X7R dielectrics
are highly recommended because of their low
ESR and small temperature coefficients. For
most applications, a 22µF capacitor is sufficient.
Since the input capacitor (C1) absorbs the input
switching current it requires an adequate ripple
current rating. The RMS current in the input
capacitor can be estimated by:
I C1 = ILOAD ×
VOUT ⎛⎜ VOUT
× 1−
VIN ⎜⎝
VIN
⎞
⎟
⎟
⎠
The worse case condition occurs at VIN =2VOUT,
where:
IC1 =
ILOAD
2
For simplification, choose the input capacitor
whose RMS current rating greater than half of the
maximum load current.
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9
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
The input capacitor can be electrolytic, tantalum
or ceramic. When using electrolytic or tantalum
capacitors, a small, high quality ceramic
capacitor, i.e. 0.1μF, should be placed as close
to the IC as possible. When using ceramic
capacitors, make sure that they have enough
capacitance to provide sufficient charge to
prevent excessive voltage ripple at input. The
input voltage ripple caused by capacitance can
be estimated by:
ΔVIN =
⎛
ILOAD
V
V
× OUT × ⎜1 − OUT
fS × C1 VIN ⎜⎝
VIN
⎞
⎟⎟
⎠
Selecting the Output Capacitor
The output capacitor (C2) is required to maintain
the DC output voltage. Ceramic, tantalum, or low
ESR electrolytic capacitors are recommended.
Low ESR capacitors are preferred to keep the
output voltage ripple low. The output voltage
ripple can be estimated by:
ΔVOUT =
VOUT ⎛
V
× ⎜⎜1 − OUT
fS × L ⎝
VIN
⎞
⎞ ⎛
1
⎟
⎟⎟ × ⎜ R ESR +
⎜
8 × f S × C2 ⎟⎠
⎠ ⎝
Where L is the inductor value and RESR is the
equivalent series resistance (ESR) value of the
output capacitor.
In the case of ceramic capacitors, the impedance
at the switching frequency is dominated by the
capacitance. The output voltage ripple is mainly
caused by the capacitance. For simplification, the
output voltage ripple can be estimated by:
ΔVOUT =
⎞
⎛
V
× ⎜⎜1 − OUT ⎟⎟
VIN ⎠
× L × C2 ⎝
VOUT
8 × fS
2
In the case of tantalum or electrolytic capacitors,
the ESR dominates the impedance at the
switching frequency. For simplification, the output
ripple can be approximated to:
ΔVOUT =
VOUT ⎛
V
× ⎜1 − OUT
f S × L ⎜⎝
VIN
⎞
⎟⎟ × R ESR
⎠
The characteristics of the output capacitor also
affect the stability of the regulation system. The
NB619 can be optimized for a wide range of
capacitance and ESR values.
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
External Bootstrap Diode
An external bootstrap diode may enhance the
efficiency of the regulator, the applicable
conditions of external BST diode are:
z
VOUT is 5V or 3.3V; and
z
Duty cycle is high: D=
VOUT
>65%
VIN
In these cases, an external BST diode is
recommended from the output of the voltage
regulator to BST pin, as shown in Fig.3
External BST Diode
IN4148
BST
CBST
NB619
SW
L
+
COUT
5V or 3.3V
Figure 3—Add Optional External Bootstrap
Diode to Enhance Efficiency
The recommended external BST diode is IN4148,
and the BST cap is 0.1~1µF.
PCB Layout
PCB layout is very important to achieve stable
operation. Please follow these guidelines and
take Figure 4 for references.
1) Keep the path of switching current short and
minimize the loop area formed by Input cap,
high-side and low-side MOSFETs.
2) Keep the connection of low-side MOSFET
between SW pin and input power ground as
short and wide as possible.
3) Place
the
feedback
resistors
and
compensation components as close to the
chip as possible.
4) Route SW away from sensitive analog areas
such as FB.
5) Connect IN, SW, and especially GND
respectively to a large copper area to
improve chip thermal performance and longterm reliability.
6) It is suggested to add snubber circuit across
the high side MOSFET (VIN pin and SW pin)
so as to reduce SW spikes.
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10
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
Top Layer
Bottom Layer
Figure 4—Reference PCB Layout
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
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11
NB619 – 7A, 25V, SYNCHRONOUS STEP-DOWN CONVERTER WITH INTERNAL MOSFET
PACKAGE INFORMATION
3mm x 4mm QFN14
2.90
3.10
1.60
1.80
0.30
0.50
PIN 1 ID
SEE DETAIL A
PIN 1 ID
MARKING
1
14
0.18
0.30
3.20
3.40
3.90
4.10
PIN 1 ID
INDEX AREA
0.50
BSC
7
8
TOP VIEW
BOTTOM VIEW
0.80
1.00
0.20 REF
PIN 1 ID OPTION A
0.30x45º TYP.
PIN 1 ID OPTION B
R0.20 TYP.
0.00
0.05
SIDE VIEW
DETAIL A
2.90
0.70
NOTE:
1.70
1) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
2) EXPOSED PADDLE SIZE DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH.
3) LEAD COPLANARITY SHALL BE 0.10 MILLIMETER MAX.
4) JEDEC REFERENCE IS MO-229, VARIATION VGED-3.
5) DRAWING IS NOT TO SCALE.
0.25
3.30
0.50
RECOMMENDED LAND PATTERN
NOTICE: The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Users should warrant and guarantee that third
party Intellectual Property rights are not infringed upon when integrating MPS products into any application. MPS will not
assume any legal responsibility for any said applications.
NB619 Rev. 1.0
12/12/2013
www.MonolithicPower.com
MPS Proprietary Information. Patent Protected. Unauthorized Photocopy and Duplication Prohibited.
© 2013 MPS. All Rights Reserved.
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