GRM188Z71C225KE43D

Chip Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors for General Purpose GRM188Z71C225KE43_(1608M(0603), X7R(MURATA), 2.2uF, DC 16V) _:Packaging Code Reference Sheet ■ Scope This product specification is applied to Chip Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors used for General Electronic equipment. ■ MURATA Part No. System GRM (Ex.) 18 ①L/W Dimensions 8 ②T Dimensions Z7 ③Temperature Characteristics 1C ④Rated Voltage 225 ⑤Nominal Capacitance K ⑥Capacitance Tolerance E43 ⑦Murata’s 　 Control Code D ⑧Packaging Code ■ Type & Dimensions image:Dimensions Size Code： 1608M(0603) ①L ①W 1.6+/-0.2 0.8+/-0.2 ②T 0.8+/-0.2 e 0.2 to 0.55 (in mm) g 0.6 min. ■ Rated Value ③Temperature Characteristics [Z7](Public STD Code： [X7R(MURATA)]) Temp. coeff. or Cap. Change Temp. Range Ref.Temp. ④Rated Voltage ⑤Nominal ⑥Capacitance Operating Temp. Range Capacitance Tolerance Mounting Method -15 to 15 % *1 -55 to 125℃ 25℃ DC 16V 2.2uF +/-10% -55 to 125℃ Flow, Reflow *1 Special Temperature Characteristics : Range of capacitance change rate with 50% rated voltage applied. (As for detail, please see Capacitance Temperature Characteristics in Specifications and Test Methods.) ■ Package ⑧Code D J Packaging φ180mm Reel PAPER Tape W8P4 φ330mm Reel PAPER Tape W8P4 Standard Packing Quantity 4000 pcs./Reel 10000 pcs./Reel Product specifications in this catalog are as of Apr.22,2021, and are subject to change or obsolescence without notice. Please consult the approval sheet before ordering. Please read rating and !Cautions first. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 1 ■ Specifications and Test Methods No Item Specification Test Method(Ref. Standard:JIS C 5101, IEC60384） 1 Rated Voltage Shown in Rated value. The rated voltage is defined as the maximum voltage which may be applied continuously to the capacitor. When AC voltage is superimposed on DC voltage, V(peak to peak) or V(zero to peak), whichever is larger, should be maintained within the rated voltage range. 2 Appearance No defects or abnormalities. Visual inspection. 3 Dimension Shown in Rated value. Using Measuring instrument of dimension. 4 Voltage proof No defects or abnormalities. Measurement Point Test Voltage Applied Time Charge/discharge current 5 Insulation Resistance(I.R.) (Room Temperature) More than 50Ω・F Measurement Temperature Room Temperature Capacitance Shown in Rated value. 6 Measurement Point Measurement Voltage Charging Time Charge/discharge current Between the terminations 250% of the rated voltage 1s to 5s 50mA max. Between the terminations Rated Voltage 1min 50mA max. Measurement Temperature Room Temperature Measurement Frequency 1.0+/-0.1kHz Measurement Voltage 1.0+/-0.2Vrms 7 8 Q or Dissipation Factor (D.F.) DF≦0.1 Temperature Characteristics of Capacitance Applied voltage GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A Measurement Temperature Room Temperature Measurement Frequency 1.0+/-0.1kHz Measurement Voltage 1.0+/-0.2Vrms Shown in Rated value. The capacitance change should be measured after 5 min at each specified temp. stage. In case of applying voltage, the capacitance change should be measured after 1 min with applying voltage in equilibration of each temp. stage. Capacitance value as a reference is the value in "*" marked step. Measurement Voltage Less than 1.0Vrms (Refer to the individual data sheet) Pre-treatment Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. Temperature Step 2 ■ Specifications and Test Methods No Item Specification Test Method(Ref. Standard:JIS C 5101, IEC60384） No removal of the terminations or other defect should occur. Mounting method Applied Force Holding Time Applied Direction 10 Vibration Appearance Capacitance Q or D.F. No defects or abnormalities. Within the specified initial value. Within the specified initial value. Mounting method Kind of Vibration Vibration Time Total amplitude Solder the capacitor on the test substrate A simple harmonic motion 10Hz to 55Hz to 10Hz 1min 1.5mm Vibration directions and time This motion should be applied for a period of 2h in each 3 mutually perpendicular directions(total of 6h). 11 Substrate Bending test Appearance Capacitance Change No defects or abnormalities. Within +/-10% Mounting method Pressurization Method Flexure Holding Time Reflow solder the capacitor on the test substrate Shown in Fig.2 1mm 5+/-1s 12 Solderability 95% of the terminations is to be soldered evenly and continuously. Test Method Flux Preheat Kind of Solder Test Temperature Test Time Solder bath method Solution of rosin ethanol 25(mass)% 80℃ to 120℃、10s to 30s Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(Lead Free Solder) 245+/-5℃ 2+/-0.5s 13 Resistance to Soldering Heat Appearance Capacitance Change Q or D.F. I.R. Voltage proof No defects or abnormalities. Within +/-15% Within the specified initial value. Within the specified initial value. No defects or abnormalities. Pre-treatment Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. Solder bath method Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(Lead Free Solder) 270+/-5℃ 10+/-0.5s 120℃ to 150℃ 1 min Let sit for 24+/-2h at room temperature, then measure. Appearance Capacitance Change Q or D.F. I.R. Voltage proof No defects or abnormalities. Within +/-7.5% Within the specified initial value. Within the specified initial value. No defects or abnormalities. Mounting method Pre-treatment 9 Adhesive Strength of Termination 14 Temperature Sudden Change Test Method Kind of Solder Test Temperature Test Time Preheat Temperature Preheat time Post-treatment Cycles Temperature Cycling Post-treatment GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 3 Solder the capacitor on the test substrate 5N 10+/-1s In parallel with the test substrate and vertical with the capacitor side Solder the capacitor on the test substrate Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. 5Cycles Let sit for 24+/-2h at room temperature, then measure. ■ Specifications and Test Methods No Item Specification Test Method(Ref. Standard:JIS C 5101, IEC60384） 15 High Temperature High Humidity (Steady) Appearance Capacitance Change Q or D.F. I.R. No defects or abnormalities. Within +/-12.5% DF≦0.2 More than 12.5Ω・F Solder the capacitor on the test substrate Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. Test Temperature 40+/-2℃ Test Humidity 90%RH to 95%RH Test Time 500+/-12h Test Voltage Rated Voltage Charge/discharge current 50mA max. Post-treatment Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. 16 Durability Appearance Capacitance Change Q or D.F. I.R. No defects or abnormalities. Within +/-12.5% DF≦0.2 More than 25Ω・F Mounting method Pre-treatment GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A Mounting method Pre-treatment Solder the capacitor on the test substrate Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. Test Temperature Maximum Operating Temperature +/-3℃ Test Time 1000+/-12h Test Voltage 150% of the rated voltage Charge/discharge current 50mA max. Post-treatment Perform a heat treatment at 150+0/-10°C for 1hour and then let sit for 24+/-2hours at room temperature, then measure. 4 Substrate Bending test Except for Substrate Bending test ・Test substrate Material Thickness Copper Foil Thickness Kind of Solder ・Land Dimensions ・Test substrate Material Thickness Copper Foil Thickness Kind of Solder ・Land Dimensions Type GRM18 JIS C 6484 Copper-clad laminated sheets for PCBs (Glass fabric base, epoxy resin) 1.6mm 0.035mm Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(Lead Free Solder) Dimensions(mm) a b c 1.0 3.0 1.2 Type GRM18 ・Pressurization Method GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 5 JIS C 6484 Copper-clad laminated sheets for PCBs (Glass fabric base, epoxy resin) 1.6mm or 0.8mm 0.035mm Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu(Lead Free Solder) Dimensions(mm) a b c 1.0 3.0 1.2 ■ Package（Tape Carrier Packaging） 1. Minimum Quantity (pcs./reel) φ180mm Reel(W8P4) PAPER Tape Type CODE：D GRM18 4000 8 φ330mm Reel(W8P4) PAPER Tape CODE：J 10000 2. Dimensions of Tape (in mm) (1)GRM18(W8P4 CODE：D/J) Type GRM18 8 L 1.6+/-0.2 GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A Dimensions(Chip) W 0.8+/-0.2 T 0.8+/-0.2 A B C D E F G H J K 1.10+/-0.10 2.00+/-0.10 8.0+/-0.3 3.5+/-0.05 1.75+/-0.1 4.0+/-0.1 2.0+/-0.1 4.0+/-0.1 φ1.5+0.1/-0 1.15 max. 　6 ■ Package（Tape Carrier Packaging） 3. Dimensions of Reel (in mm) Reel φ180mm Reel φ330mm Reel GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A A φ180+0/-3.0 φ330+/-2.0 B φ50 min. φ50 min. C φ13+/-0.5 φ13+/-0.5 D φ21+/-0.8 φ21+/-0.8 　7 E 2.0+/-0.5 2.0+/-0.5 W 16.5 max. 16.5 max. W1 10+/-1.5 10+/-1.5 ■ Package（Tape Carrier Packaging） 4. Part of the leader and part of the vacant section are attached as follows. The sprocket holes are to the right as the tape is pulled toward the user. (in mm) 5. Accumulate tolerance of sprocket holes pitch = +/-0.3mm/10 pitch 6. Chip in the tape is enclosed by top tape and bottom tape as shown in 2.Dimensions of Tape. 7. The top tape and carrier tape are not attached at the end of the tape for a minimum of 5 pitches. 8. There are no jointing for top tape and bottom tape. 9. There are no fuzz in the cavity. 10. Break down force of top tape : 5N min. Break down force of bottom tape : 5N min. (Only a bottom tape existence ) 11. 　 　 12. Reel is made by resin and appeaser and dimension is shown in 3.Dimensions of Reel. There are possibly to change the material and dimension due to some impairment. 　 Peeling off force : 0.1N to 0.6N in the direction as shown below. Speed of Peeling off : 300 mm / min 13. Label that show the customer parts number, our parts number, our company name, inspection number and quantity, will be put in outside of reel. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 　8 Caution ■Limitation of Applications Please contact us before using our products for the applications listed below which require especially high reliability for the prevention of defects which might directly cause damage to the third party's life, body or property. 　 　　　①Aircraft equipment　②Aerospace equipment　③Undersea equipment　④Power plant control equipment　⑤Medical equipment　⑥Transportation equipment(vehicles,trains,ships,etc.)　 ⑦Traffic signal equipment ⑧Disaster prevention / crime prevention equipment　⑨Data-processing equipment　⑩Application of similar complexity and/or reliability requirements to the applications listed in the above. 　 ■Storage and Operation condition 1. The performance of chip multilayer ceramic capacitors (henceforth just "capacitors”) may be affected by the storage conditions. Please use them promptly after delivery. 1-1. Please maintain an appropriate storage condition for capacitors using the following conditions. ･A temperature is +5℃ to +40℃ and a relative humidity is 20% to 70% as a standard condition. ･The temperature recommendation is less than 30℃. High temperature and humidity conditions and/or prolonged storage may cause deterioration of the packaging materials. If more than six months have elapsed since delivery, check packaging, mounting, etc. before use. In addition, this may cause oxidation of the electrodes. If more than one year has elapsed since delivery, also check the solderability before use. 　1-2. Corrosive gas can react with the termination (external) electrodes or lead wires of capacitors, and result in poor solderability. Do not store the capacitors in an atmosphere consisting of corrosive gas (e.g.,hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia gas etc.). 1-3. Due to moisture condensation caused by rapid humidity changes, or the photochemical change caused by direct sunlight on the terminal electrodes, the solderability and electrical performance may deteriorate. Do not store capacitors under direct sunlight or in high huimidity conditions. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 9 ■Rating 1.Temperature Dependent Characteristics 1. The electrical characteristics of the capacitor can change with temperature. 　1-1. For capacitors having larger temperature dependency, the capacitance may change with temperature changes. The following actions are recommended in order to ensure suitable capacitance values. (1) Select a suitable capacitance for the operating temperature range. (2) The capacitance may change within the rated temperature. When you use a high dielectric constant type capacitor in a circuit that needs a tight (narrow) capacitance tolerance (e.g., a time-constant circuit), please carefully consider the temperature characteristics, and carefully confirm the various characteristics in actual use conditions and the actual system. [ Example of Temperature Caracteristics X7R(R7) ] Sample: 0.1μF, Rated Voltage 50VDC [ Example of Temperature Characteristics X5R(R6) ] Sample: 22μF, Rated Voltage 4VDC 2.Measurement of Capacitance 1. Measure capacitance with the voltage and frequency specified in the product specifications. 1-1. The output voltage of the measuring equipment may decrease occasionally when capacitance is high. Please confirm whether a prescribed measured voltage is impressed to the capacitor. 1-2. The capacitance values of high dielectric constant type capacitors change depending on the AC voltage applied. Please consider the AC voltage characteristics when selecting a capacitor to be used in a AC circuit. 3.Applied Voltage 1. Do not apply a voltage to the capacitor that exceeds the rated voltage as called out in the specifications. 　1-1. Applied voltage between the terminals of a capacitor shall be less than or equal to the rated voltage. (1) When AC voltage is superimposed on DC voltage, the zero-to-peak voltage shall not exceed the rated DC voltage. When AC voltage or pulse voltage is applied, the peak-to-peak voltage shall not exceed the rated DC voltage. (2) Abnormal voltages (surge voltage, static electricity, pulse voltage, etc.) shall not exceed the rated DC voltage. Typical Voltage Applied to the DC capacitor DC Voltage DC Voltage+AC AC Voltage Pulse Voltage (E：Maximum possible applied voltage.) 1-2. Influence of over voltage Over voltage that is applied to the capacitor may result in an electrical short circuit caused by the breakdown of the internal dielectric layers. The time duration until breakdown depends on the applied voltage and the ambient temperature. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 10 4.Type of Applied Voltage and Self-heating Temperature 1.Confirm the operating conditions to make sure that no large current is flowing into the capacitor due to the continuous application of an AC voltage or pulse voltage. When a DC rated voltage product is used in an AC voltage circuit or a pulse voltage circuit, the AC current or pulse current will flow into the capacitor; therefore check the self-heating condition. Please confirm the surface temperature of the capacitor so that the temperature remains within the upper limits 　of the operating temperature, including the rise in temperature due to self-heating. When the capacitor is used with a high-frequency voltage or pulse voltage, heat may be generated by dielectric loss. 　　 　　The load should be contained so that the self-heating of the capacitor body remains below 20°C, when measuring at an ambient temperature of 25°C. 5. DC Voltage and AC Voltage Characteristic 1. The capacitance value of a high dielectric constant type capacitor changes depending on the DC voltage applied. Please consider the DC voltage characteristics when a capacitor is selected for use in a DC circuit. 1-1. The capacitance of ceramic capacitors may change sharply depending on the applied voltage. (See figure) Please confirm the following in order to secure the capacitance. (1) Determine whether the capacitance change caused by the applied voltage is within the allowed range. (2) In the DC voltage characteristics, the rate of capacitance change becomes larger as voltage increases, even if the applied voltage is below the rated voltage. When a high dielectric constant type capacitor is used in a circuit that requires a tight (narrow) capacitance tolerance (e.g., a time constant circuit), please carefully consider the voltage characteristics, and confirm the various characteristics in the actual operating conditions of the system. 　2. The capacitance values of high dielectric constant type capacitors changes depending on the AC voltage applied. Please consider the AC voltage characteristics when selecting a capacitor to be used in a AC circuit. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 11 6. Capacitance Aging 1. The high dielectric constant type capacitors have an Aging characteristic in which the capacitance value decreases with the passage of time. When you use a high dielectric constant type capacitors in a circuit that needs a tight (narrow) capacitance tolerance (e.g., a time-constant circuit), please carefully consider the characteristics of these capacitors, such as their aging, voltage, and temperature characteristics. In addition, check capacitors using your actual appliances at the intended environment and operating conditions. 7.Vibration and Shock 1. Please confirm the kind of vibration and/or shock, its condition, and any generation of resonance. Please mount the capacitor so as not to generate resonance, and do not allow any impact on the terminals. 2. Mechanical shock due to being dropped may cause damage or a crack in the dielectric material of the capacitor. 　Do not use a dropped capacitor because the quality and reliability may be deteriorated. 3. When printed circuit boards are piled up or handled, the corner of another printed circuit board should not be allowed to hit the capacitor in order to avoid a crack or other damage to the capacitor. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 12 [ Example of Change Over Time (Aging characteristics) ] ■Soldering and Mounting 1.Mounting Position 1. Confirm the best mounting position and direction that minimizes the stress imposed on the capacitor during flexing or bending the printed circuit board. 1-1.Choose a mounting position that minimizes the stress imposed on the chip during flexing or bending of the board. [ Component Direction ] Locate chip horizontal to the direction in which stress acts. (Bad Example) (Good Example) [ Chip Mounting Close to Board Separation Point ] It is effective to implement the following measures, to reduce stress in separating the board. It is best to implement all of the following three measures; however, implement as many measures as possible to reduce stress. Contents of Measures (1) Turn the mounting direction of the component parallel to the board separation surface. (2) Add slits in the board separation part. (3) Keep the mounting position of the component away from the board separation surface. Stress Level A　>　D *1 A　>　B A　>　C *1 A > D is valid when stress is added vertically to the perforation as with Hand Separation. If a Cutting Disc is used, stress will be diagonal to the PCB, therefore A > D is invalid. [ Mounting Capacitors Near Screw Holes ] When a capacitor is mounted near a screw hole, it may be affected by the board deflection that occurs during the tightening of the screw. Mount the capacitor in a position as far away from the screw holes as possible. 　 2.Information before Mounting 　1. Do not re-use capacitors that were removed from the equipment. 　2. Confirm capacitance characteristics under actual applied voltage. 　3. Confirm the mechanical stress under actual process and equipment use. 　4. Confirm the rated capacitance, rated voltage and other electrical characteristics before assembly. 　5. Prior to use, confirm the solderability of capacitors that were in long-term storage. 　6. Prior to measuring capacitance, carry out a heat treatment for capacitors that were in long-term storage. 　7.The use of Sn-Zn based solder will deteriorate the reliability of the MLCC. Please contact our sales representative or product engineers on the use of Sn-Zn based solder in advance. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 13 3.Maintenance of the Mounting (pick and place) Machine 1. Make sure that the following excessive forces are not applied to the capacitors. Check the mounting in the actual device under actual use conditions ahead of time. 1-1. In mounting the capacitors on the printed circuit board, any bending force against them shall be kept to a minimum to prevent them from any damage or cracking. Please take into account the following precautions and recommendations for use in your process. (1) Adjust the lowest position of the pickup nozzle so as not to bend the printed circuit board. [Incorrect] [Correct] 2. Dirt particles and dust accumulated in the suction nozzle and suction mechanism prevent the nozzle from moving smoothly. This creates excessive force on the capacitor during mounting, causing cracked chips. Also, the locating claw, when worn out, imposes uneven forces on the chip when positioning, causing cracked chips. The suction nozzle and the locating claw must be maintained, checked and replaced periodically. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 14 4-1.Reflow Soldering 1. When sudden heat is applied to the components, the mechanical strength of the components will decrease because a sudden temperature change causes deformation inside the components. In order to prevent mechanical damage to the components, preheating is required for both the components and the PCB. Preheating conditions are shown in table 1. It is required to keep the temperature differential between the solder and the components surface (ΔT) as small as possible. [Standard Conditions for Reflow Soldering] 2. When components are immersed in solvent after mounting, be sure to maintain the temperature difference (ΔT) between the component and the solvent within the range shown in the table 1. Table 1 Series GRM Chip　Dimension(L/W)　Code 01/02/MD/03/15/ 18/JN/21/31 Temperature Differential 32/43/55 ΔT≦130℃ GRM Recommended Conditions Item Peak Temperature Atmosphere ΔT≦190℃ [Allowable Reflow Soldering Temperature and Time] Lead Free Solder 240 to 260℃ Air or N2 Lead Free Solder: Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu In the case of repeated soldering, the accumulated soldering time must be within the range shown above. 3. When a capacitor is mounted at a temperature lower than the peak reflow temperature recommended by the solder manufacturer, the following quality problems can occur. Consider factors such as the placement of peripheral components and the reflow temperature setting to prevent the capacitor’s reflow temperature from dropping below the peak temperature specified. Be sure to evaluate the mounting situation beforehand and verify that none of the following problems occur. ･Drop in solder wettability ･Solder voids ･Possible occurrence of whiskering ･Drop in bonding strength ･Drop in self-alignment properties ･Possible occurrence of tombstones and/or shifting on the land patterns of the circuit board 4. Optimum Solder Amount for Reflow Soldering 　4-1. Overly thick application of solder paste results in a excessive solder fillet height.This makes the chip more susceptible to mechanical and thermal stress on the board and may cause the chips to crack. 4-2. Too little solder paste results in a lack of adhesive strength on the termination, which may result in chips breaking loose from the PCB. 4-3. Please confirm that solder has been applied smoothly to the termination. Inverting the PCB Make sure not to impose any abnormal mechanical shocks to the PCB. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 15 4-2.Flow Soldering 1. Do not apply flow soldering to chips not listed in Table 2. [Standard Conditions for Flow Soldering] Table 2 Series Chip　Dimension(L/W)　Code Temperature Differential 18/21/31 ΔT≦150℃ GRM 2. When sudden heat is applied to the components, the mechanical strength of the components will decrease because a sudden temperature change causes deformation inside the components. In order to prevent mechanical damage to the components, preheating is required for both of the components and the PCB. Preheating conditions are shown in table 2. It is required to keep the temperature differential between the solder and the components surface (ΔT) as low as possible. 3. Excessively long soldering time or high soldering temperature can result in leaching of the terminations, causing poor adhesion or a reduction in capacitance value due to loss of contact between the inner electrodes and terminations. [Allowable Flow Soldering Temperature and Time] 4. When components are immersed in solvent after mounting, be sure to maintain the temperature differential (ΔT) between the component and solvent within the range shown in the table 2. Recommended Conditions Item Lead Free Solder Preheating Peak Temperature 100 to 120℃ Soldering Peak Temperature 250 to 260℃ Atmosphere Air or N2 Lead Free Solder: Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu In the case of repeated soldering, the accumulated soldering time must be within the range shown above. 5. Optimum Solder Amount for Flow Soldering 5-1. The top of the solder fillet should be lower than the thickness of the components. If the solder amount is excessive, the risk of cracking is higher during board bending or any other stressful condition. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 16 4-3.Correction of Soldered Portion 　When sudden heat is applied to the capacitor, distortion caused by the large temperature difference occurs internally, and can be the cause of cracks. Capacitors also tend to be affected by mechanical and thermal stress depending on the board preheating temperature or the soldering fillet shape, and can be the cause of cracks. Please refer to "1. PCB Design" or "3. Optimum solder amount" for the solder amount and the fillet shapes. 1. Correction with a Soldering Iron 　1-1. In order to reduce damage to the capacitor, be sure to preheat the capacitor and the mounting board. Preheat to the temperature range shown in Table 3. A hot plate, hot air type preheater, etc. can be used for preheating. 1-2. After soldering, do not allow the component/PCB to cool down rapidly. 1-3. Perform the corrections with a soldering iron as quickly as possible. If the soldering iron is applied too long, there is a possibility of　which will cause deterioration of the adhesive strength and other problems. Table 3 Series Chip　Dimension (L/W)　Code Temperature of Soldering Iron Tip Preheating Temperature Temperature Differential(ΔT) Atmosphere GRM 03/15/18/JN/21/31 350℃ max. 150℃ min. ΔT≦190℃ Air GRM 32/43/55 280℃ max. 150℃ min. ΔT≦130℃ Air Lead Free Solder: Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu * Please manage Δ T in the temperature of soldering iron and the preheating temperature. 2. Correction with Spot Heater 　Compared to local heating with a soldering iron, hot air heating by a spot heater heats the overall component and board, therefore, it tends to lessen the thermal shock. In the case of a high density mounted board, a spot heater can also prevent concerns of the soldering iron making direct contact with the component. 2-1. If the distance from the hot air outlet of the spot heater to the component is too close, cracks may occur due to thermal shock. To prevent this problem, follow the conditions shown in Table 4. 2-2. In order to create an appropriate solder fillet shape, it is recommended that hot air be applied at the angle shown in Figure 1. Table 4 Distance 5mm or more Hot Air Application angle 45° *Figure 1 Hot Air Temperature Nozzle Outlet 400°C max. Less than 10 s (Chip(L×W): 3.2×1.6mm or smaller) Application Time Less than 30 s (Chip(L×W): 3.2×2.5mm or larger) 3. Optimum solder amount when re-working with a soldering iron 3-1. If the solder amount is excessive, the risk of cracking is higher during board bending or any other stressful condition. Too little solder amount results in a lack of adhesive strength on the termination, which may result in chips breaking loose from the PCB. Please confirm that solder has been applied smoothly is and rising to the end surface of the chip. in section 3-2. A soldering iron with a tip of ø3mm or smaller should be used. It is also necessary to keep the soldering iron from touching the components during the re-work. 3-3. Solder wire with ø0.5mm or smaller is required for soldering. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 17 5.Washing Excessive ultrasonic oscillation during cleaning can cause the PCBs to resonate, resulting in cracked chips or broken solder joints. Before starting your production process, test your cleaning equipment / process to insure it does not degrade the capacitors. 6.Electrical Test on Printed Circuit Board 1. Confirm position of the support pin or specific jig, when inspecting the electrical performance of a capacitor after mounting on the printed circuit board. 　1-1. Avoid bending the printed circuit board by the pressure of a test-probe, etc. The thrusting force of the test probe can flex the PCB, resulting in cracked chips or open solder joints. Provide support pins on the back side of the PCB to prevent warping or flexing. Install support pins as close to the test-probe as possible. 1-2. Avoid vibration of the board by shock when a test -probe contacts a printed circuit board. [Not Recommended] GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A [Recommended] 18 7.Printed Circuit Board Cropping 1. After mounting a capacitor on a printed circuit board, do not apply any stress to the capacitor that caused bending or twisting the board. 1-1. In cropping the board, the stress as shown may cause the capacitor to crack. Cracked capacitors may cause deterioration of the insulation resistance, and result in a short. Avoid this type of stress to a capacitor. [Bending] [Twisting] 2. Check the cropping method for the printed circuit board in advance. 2-1. Printed circuit board cropping shall be carried out by using a jig or an apparatus (Disc separator, router type separator, etc.) to prevent the mechanical stress that can occur to the board. Board Separation Method Level of stress on board Recommended Notes Hand Separation Nipper Separation High × Hand and nipper separation apply a high level of stress. Use another method. Board Separation Apparatus 2) Disc Separator 3) Router Type Separator Medium Low △* ◯ 1) Board Separation Jig Medium △* · Board handling · Board bending direction · Layout of capacitors · Board handling · Layout of slits · Design of V groove · Arrangement of blades · Controlling blade life Board handling 　　 * When a board separation jig or disc separator is used, if the following precautions are not observed, a large board deflection stress will occur and the capacitors may crack. 　　 Use router type separator if at all possible. 　(1) Example of a suitable jig 　　 [In the case of Single-side Mounting] An outline of the board separation jig is shown as follows. Recommended example: Stress on the component mounting position can be minimized by holding the portion close to the jig, and bend in the direction towards the side where the capacitors are mounted. Not recommended example: The risk of cracks occurring in the capacitors increases due to large stress being applied to the component mounting position, [Outline of jig] [Hand Separation] Recommended 　 Not recommended [In the case of Double-sided Mounting] Since components are mounted on both sides of the board, the risk of cracks occurring can not be avoided with the above method. Therefore, implement the following measures to prevent stress from being applied to the components. (Measures) (1) Consider introducing a router type separator.　If it is difficult to introduce a router type separator, implement the following measures. (Refer to item 1. Mounting Position) (2) Mount the components parallel to the board separation surface. (3) When mounting components near the board separation point, add slits in the separation position near the component. (4) Keep the mounting position of the components away from the board separation point. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 19 　(2) Example of a Disc Separator 　 An outline of a disc separator is shown as follows. As shown in the Principle of Operation, the top blade and bottom blade are aligned with the V-grooves on the printed circuit board to separate the board. In the following case, board deflection stress will be applied and cause cracks in the capacitors. (1) When the adjustment of the top and bottom blades are misaligned, such as deviating in the top-bottom, left-right or front-rear directions (2) The angle of the V groove is too low, depth of the V groove is too shallow, or the V groove is misaligned top-bottom IF V groove is too deep, it is possible to brake when you handle and carry it. Carefully design depth of the V groove with consideration about strength of material of the printed circuit board. [ Principle of Operation ] [ Outline of Machine ] [ Cross-section Diagram ] [ Disc Separator ] Top Blade Top-bottom Misalignment Top Blade Not recommended Left-right Misalignment Top Blade Front-rear Misalignment Top Blade Bottom Blade Bottom Blade Bottom Blade Bottom Blade Recommended [ V-groove Design ] Example of Recommended V-groove Design Left-right Misalignment Low-Angle Not Recommended Depth too Shallow Depth too Deep 　(3) Example of Router Type Separator 　The router type separator performs cutting by a router rotating at a high speed. Since the board does not bend in the cutting process, stress on the board can be suppressed during board separation. 　 When attaching or removing boards to/from the router type separator, carefully handle the boards to prevent bending. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 20 8. Assembly 1. Handling 　 If a board mounted with capacitors is held with one hand, the board may bend. Firmly hold the edges of the board with both hands when handling. 　If a board mounted with capacitors is dropped, cracks may occur in the capacitors. Do not use dropped boards, as there is a possibility that the quality of the capacitors may be impaired. 2. Attachment of Other Components 　2-1. Mounting of Other Components Pay attention to the following items, when mounting other components on the back side of the board after capacitors have been mounted on the opposite side. When the bottom dead point of the suction nozzle is set too low, board deflection stress may be applied to the capacitors on the back side (bottom side), and cracks may occur in the capacitors. · After the board is straightened, set the bottom dead point of the nozzle on the upper surface of the board. · Periodically check and adjust the bottom dead point. 　2-2. Inserting Components with Leads into Boards When inserting components (transformers, IC, etc.) into boards, bending the board may cause cracks in the capacitors or cracks in the solder. Pay attention to the following. · Increase the size of the holes to insert the leads, to reduce the stress on the board during insertion. · Fix the board with support pins or a dedicated jig before insertion. · Support below the board so that the board does not bend. When using support pins on the board, periodically confirm that there is no difference in the height of each support pin. 2-3. Attaching/Removing Sockets and/or Connectors Insertion and removal of sockets and connectors, etc., might cause the board to bend. Please insure that the board does not warp during insertion and removal of sockets and connectors, etc., or the bending may damage mounted components on the board. 2-4. Tightening Screws The board may be bent, when tightening screws, etc. during the attachment of the board to a shield or chassis. Pay attention to the following items before performing the work. · Plan the work to prevent the board from bending. · Use a torque screwdriver, to prevent over-tightening of the screws. · The board may bend after mounting by reflow soldering, etc. Please note, as stress may be applied to the chips by forcibly flattening the board when tightening the screws. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 21 ■ Others 1. Useful Life time of MLCC 【For general application use】 Murata's General MLCC products are designed for use in devices with a typical lifetime around 10 years. Murata's general MLCC products are designed so that the useful lifetime can be extended longer than 10 years under the following conditions: 「80% of the rated voltage or less, Maximum operating temperature -20 degree C or less」 Extended useful lifetime, under specific operating conditions, can be estimated from the chart. ※The useful lifetime is the time when cumulative failure rate becomes 1%. ※Please note that the useful lifetime data is for reference only and　not guaranteed. 【For mobile application specific】 These MLCC products are designed for use in devices with a typical lifetime of less than 5 years. (Examples: Cellular phone, Smartphone, Tablet PC, Digital camera, Watch, Electronics dictionary,Small-scale server, IPC-9592B class1 equipment, etc.) These MLCC products are designed so that the useful lifetime can be extended longer than 5 years under the following conditions: 「80% of the rated voltage or less, Maximum operating temperature -20 degree C or less」 Extended useful lifetime, under specific operating conditions, can be estimated from the chart. ※The useful lifetime is the time when cumulative failure rate becomes 1%. ※Please note that the useful lifetime data is for reference only and not guaranteed. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 22 2. Under Operation of Equipment 2-1. Do not touch a capacitor directly with bare hands during operation in order to avoid the danger of an electric shock. 2-2. Do not allow the terminals of a capacitor to come in contact with any conductive objects (short-circuit). Do not expose a capacitor to a conductive liquid, inducing any acid or alkali solutions. 2-3. Confirm the environment in which the equipment will operate is under the specified conditions. Do not use the equipment under the following environments. (1) Being spattered with water or oil. (2) Being exposed to direct sunlight. (3) Being exposed to ozone, ultraviolet rays, or radiation. (4) Being exposed to toxic gas (e.g., hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, chlorine, ammonia gas etc.) (5) Any vibrations or mechanical shocks exceeding the specified limits. (6) Moisture condensing environments. 2-4. Use damp proof countermeasures if using under any conditions that can cause condensation. 3. Others 3-1. In an Emergency 　　 (1) If the equipment should generate smoke, fire, or smell, immediately turn off or unplug the equipment. If the equipment is not turned off or unplugged, the hazards may be worsened by supplying continuous power. (2) In this type of situation, do not allow face and hands to come in contact with the capacitor or burns may be caused by the capacitor's high temperature. 3-2. Disposal of waste When capacitors are disposed of, they must be burned or buried by an industrial waste vendor with the appropriate licenses. 3-3. Circuit Design (1) Addition of Fail Safe Function Capacitors that are cracked by dropping or bending of the board may cause deterioration of the insulation resistance, and result in a short. If the circuit being used may cause an electrical shock, smoke or fire when a capacitor is shorted, be sure to install fail-safe functions, such as a fuse, to prevent secondary accidents. (2) This series are not safety standard certified products. 3-4. Remarks Failure to follow the cautions may result, worst case, in a short circuit and smoking when the product is used. The above notices are for standard applications and conditions. Contact us when the products are used in special mounting conditions. Select optimum conditions for operation as they determine the reliability of the product after assembly. The data herein are given in typical values, not guaranteed ratings. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 23 Notice ■ Rating 1.Operating Temperature 1. The operating temperature limit depends on the capacitor. 1-1. Do not apply temperatures exceeding the maximum operating temperature. It is necessary to select a capacitor with a suitable rated temperature that will cover the operating temperature range. It is also necessary to consider the temperature distribution in equipment and the seasonal temperature variable factor. 1-2. Consider the self-heating factor of the capacitor The surface temperature of the capacitor shall not exceed the maximum operating temperature including self-heating. 2.Atmosphere Surroundings (gaseous and liquid) 1. Restriction on the operating environment of capacitors. 1-1. The capacitor will short-circuit by water or brine. It may shorten the lifetime and may have the failure by the corrosion of terminals and the permeation of moisture into capacitor. 1-2. The same phenomenon as the above may occur when the electrodes or terminals of the capacitor are subject to moisture condensation. 1-3. The deterioration of characteristics and insulation resistance due to the oxidization or corrosion of terminal electrodes may result in breakdown when the capacitor is exposed to corrosive or volatile gases or solvents for long periods of time. 3.Piezo-electric Phenomenon 1. When using high dielectric constant type capacitors in AC or pulse circuits, the capacitor itself vibrates at specific frequencies and noise may be generated. Moreover, when the mechanical vibration or shock is added to capacitor, noise may occur. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 24 ■Soldering and Mounting 1.PCB Design 1. Notice for Pattern Forms 1-1. Unlike leaded components, chip components are susceptible to flexing stresses since they are mounted directly on the substrate. They are also more sensitive to mechanical and thermal stresses than leaded components. Excess solder fillet height can multiply these stresses and cause chip cracking. When designing substrates, take land patterns and dimensions into consideration to eliminate the possibility of excess solder fillet height. 1-2. There is a possibility of chip cracking caused by PCB expansion/contraction with heat, because stress on a chip is different depending on PCB material and structure. When the thermal expansion coefficient greatly differs between the board used for mounting and the chip,it will cause cracking of the chip due to the thermal expansion and contraction. When capacitors are mounted on a fluorine resin printed circuit board or on a single-layered glass epoxy board, it may also cause cracking of the chip for the same reason. 1-3. If you are replacing by smaller capacitors, you should not only consider the Land size change but also consider changing the Wiring Width, Wiring direction, and copper foil thickness because the risk of chip cracking is increased with just a Land size change. Pattern Forms Item Prohibited Correct Placing Close to Chassis in section in section in section in section in section in section in section in section Placing of Chip Components and Leaded Components Placing of Leaded Components after Chip Component Lateral Mounting GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 25 2. Land Dimensions 　Please confirm the suitable land dimension by evaluating of the actual SET / PCB. Table 1 Flow Soldering Method Chip Dimension(L/W) Series Code GRM 18 GRM 21 GRM 31 Chip(L×W) a b c 1.6×0.8 2.0×1.25 3.2×1.6 0.6 to 1.0 1.0 to 1.2 2.2 to 2.6 0.8 to 0.9 0.9 to 1.0 1.0 to 1.1 0.6 to 0.8 0.8 to 1.1 1.0 to 1.4 (in mm) Table 2 Reflow Soldering Method Chip Dimension(L/W) Series Code GRM 01 GRM 02 GRM MD GRM 03 GRM 15 GRM 18 GRM JN GRM 21 GRM 31 GRM GRM GRM 32 43 55 Chip(L×W) (Dimensions Tolerance) 0.25×0.125 0.4×0.2 0.5×0.25 0.6×0.3 (+/-0.03) 0.6×0.3 (+/-0.05) 0.6×0.3 (+/-0.09) 1.0×0.5 (within +/-0.10) 1.0×0.5 （+/-0.15, +/-0.20） 1.6×0.8 (within +/-0.10) 1.6×0.8 (+/-0.15, +/-0.20) 1.8×1.0 2.0×1.25 (within +/-0.10) 2.0×1.25 (+/-0.15) 2.0×1.25 (+/-0.20) 3.2×1.6 (within+/-0.20) 3.2×1.6 (+/-0.30) 3.2×2.5 4.5×3.2 5.7×5.0 a b c 0.10 to 0.11 0.16 to 0.2 0.17 to 0.23 0.2 to 0.25 0.2 to 0.25 0.23 to 0.3 0.3 to 0.5 0.4 to 0.6 0.6 to 0.8 0.7 to 0.9 0.8 to 0.9 1.2 1.2 1.0 to 1.4 1.8 to 2.0 1.9 to 2.1 2.0 to 2.4 3.0 to 3.5 4.0 to 4.6 0.07 to 0.12 0.12 to 0.18 0.22 to 0.28 0.2 to 0.3 0.25 to 0.35 0.25 to 0.35 0.35 to 0.45 0.4 to 0.5 0.6 to 0.7 0.7 to 0.8 0.6 to 0.8 0.6 0.6 to 0.8 0.6 to 0.8 0.9 to 1.2 1.0 to 1.3 1.0 to 1.2 1.2 to 1.4 1.4 to 1.6 0.125 to 0.145 0.2 to 0.23 0.25 to 0.30 0.25 to 0.35 0.3 to 0.4 0.3 to 0.4 0.4 to 0.6 0.5 to 0.7 0.6 to 0.8 0.8 to 1.0 0.9 to 1.1 1.25 1.2 to 1.4 1.2 to 1.4 1.5 to 1.7 1.7 to 1.9 1.8 to 2.3 2.3 to 3.0 3.5 to 4.8 (in mm) GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 26 3. Board Design When designing the board, keep in mind that the amount of strain which occurs will increase depending on the sizeand material of the board. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 27 2.Item to be confirmed for Flow sordering 　 If you want to temporarily attach the capacitor to the board using an adhesive agent before soldering the capacitor, first be sure that the conditions are appropriate for affixing the capacitor. 　 If the dimensions of the land, the type of adhesive,the amount of coating, the contact surface area, the curing temperature, or other conditions are inappropriate, the characteristics of the capacitor may deteriorate. 1. Selection of Adhesive 1-1. Depending on the type of adhesive, there may be a decrease in insulation resistance. In addition, there is a chance that the capacitor might crack from contractile stress due to the difference in the contraction rate of the capacitor and the adhesive. 1-2. If there is not enough adhesive, the contact surface area is too small, or the curing temperature or curing time are inadequate, the adhesive strength will be insufficient and the capacitor may loosen or become disconnected during transportation or soldering. If there is too much adhesive, for example if it overflows onto the land, the result could be soldering defects, loss of electrical connection, insufficient curing, or slippage after the capacitor is mounted. Furthermore, if the curing temperature is too high or the curing time is too long, not only will the adhesive strength be reduced, but solderability may also suffer due to the effects of oxidation on the terminations (outer electrodes) of the capacitor and the land surface on the board. (1) Selection of Adhesive 　Epoxy resins are a typical class of adhesive. To select the proper adhesive, consider the following points. 　1) There must be enough adhesive strength to prevent the component from loosening or slipping during the mounting process. 　2) The adhesive strength must not decrease when exposed to moisture during soldering. 　 3) The adhesive must have good coatability and shape retention properties. 　 4) The adhesive must have a long pot life. 　5) The curing time must be short. 　 6) The adhesive must not be corrosive to the exterior of the capacitor or the board. 　 7) The adhesive must have good insulation properties. 　 8) The adhesive must not emit toxic gases or otherwise be harmful to health. 　 9) The adhesive must be free of halogenated compounds. (2) Use the following illustration as a guide to the amount of adhesive to apply. 　 　Chip(L×W): 1.6×0.8mm/2.0×1.25mm/3.2×1.6mm 2.Flux 2-1. An excessive amount of flux generates a large quantity of flux gas, which can cause a deterioration of solderability, so apply flux thinly and evenly throughout. (A foaming system is generally used for flow solderring.) 2-2. Flux containing too high a percentage of halide may cause corrosion of the terminations unless there is sufficient cleaning. Use flux with a halide content of 0.1% max. 2-3. Strong acidic flux can corrode the capacitor and degrade its performance. Please check the quality of capacitor after mounting. 3.Leaching of the terminations Set temperature and time to ensure that leaching of the terminations does not exceed 25% of the chip end area as a single chip (full length of the edge A-B-C-D shown at right) and 25% of the length A-B shown as mounted on substrate. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 28 3.Reflow soldering The flux in the solder paste contains halogen-based substances and organic acids as activators. Strong acidic flux can corrode the capacitor and degrade its performance. Please check the quality of capacitor after mounting. 4.Washing 1. Please evaluate the capacitor using actual cleaning equipment and conditions to confirm the quality, and select the solvent for cleaning. 2. Unsuitable cleaning may leave residual flux or other foreign substances, causing deterioration of electrical characteristics and the reliability of the capacitors. 5.Coating 1. A crack may be caused in the capacitor due to the stress of the thermal contraction of the resin during curing process. The stress is affected by the amount of resin and curing contraction. Select a resin with low curing contraction. The difference in the thermal expansion coefficient between a coating resin or a molding resin and the capacitor may cause the destruction and deterioration of the capacitor such as a crack or peeling, and lead to the deterioration of insulation resistance or dielectric breakdown. Select a resin for which the thermal expansion coefficient is as close to that of the capacitor as possible. A silicone resin can be used as an under-coating to buffer against the stress. 2. Select a resin that is less hygroscopic. Using hygroscopic resins under high humidity conditions may cause the deterioration of the insulation resistance of a capacitor. An epoxy resin can be used as a less hygroscopic resin. 3. The halogen system substance and organic acid are included in coating material, and a chip corrodes by the kind of Coating material. Do not use strong acid type. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 29 ■ Others 1.Transportation 1. The performance of a capacitor may be affected by the conditions during transportation. 1-1. The capacitors shall be protected against excessive temperature, humidity and mechanical force during transportation. ・Mechanical condition Transportation shall be done in such a way that the boxes are not deformed and forces are not directly passed on to the inner packaging. 1-2. Do not apply excessive vibration, shock, or pressure to the capacitor. (1) When excessive mechanical shock or pressure is applied to a capacitor, chipping or cracking may occur in the ceramic body of the capacitor. (2) When the sharp edge of an air driver, a soldering iron, tweezers, a chassis, etc. impacts strongly on the surface of the capacitor, the capacitor may crack and short-circuit. 1-3. Do not use a capacitor to which excessive shock was applied by dropping etc.　A capacitor dropped accidentally during processing may be damaged. 2.Characteristics Evaluation in the Actual System 1. Evaluate the capacitor in the actual system, to confirm that there is no problem with the performance and specification values in a finished product before using. 2. Since a voltage dependency and temperature dependency exists in the capacitance of high dielectric type ceramic capacitors, the capacitance may change depending on the operating conditions in the actual system. Therefore,be sure to evaluate the various characteristics, such as the leakage current and noise absorptivity, which will affect the capacitance value of the capacitor. 3. In addition,voltages exceeding the predetermined surge may be applied to the capacitor by the inductance in the actual system. Evaluate the surge resistance in the actual system as required. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 30 　　　　　NOTE 1.Please make sure that your product has been evaluated in view of your specifications with our product being mounted to your product. 2.Your are requested not to use our product deviating from this product specification. 3.We consider it not appropriate to include any terms and conditions with regard to the business transaction in the product specifications, drawings or other technical documents. Therefore, if your technical documents as above include such terms and conditions such as warranty clause, product liability clause, or intellectual property infringement liability clause, they will be deemed to be invalid. GRM188Z71C225KE43-01A 31