Automation Controls Catalog
Solid State Relays
AQ-G RELAYS
Slim type SSR for 1 A and 2 A control
FEATURES
Vertical size with a maximum thickness of 4.5 mm
Built-in snubber circuit prevents malfunction due to
noise.
Zero-cross method and Random method available
High dielectric strength: 3,000 Vrms (between input
and output)
Safety standards
• C-UL (UL508) certified
• VDE (EN60950-1) reinforced insulation certified
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Household appliances such as air conditioners and
dehumidifiers
Healthcare and medical equipment
Industrial machinery such as NC machines,
mounters, injection molders, and robots
Microcomputer boards
Amusement and amenity related equipment
ORDERING INFORMATION (PART NO.)
AQG
Load current
1: 1 A
2: 2 A
2
Load voltage
2: 75 to 264 Vrms
Type
1: Zero-cross (3,000 V)
2: Random (3,000 V)
Control voltage
05: 4 to 6 V DC
12: 9.6 to 14.4 V DC
24: 19.2 to 28.8 V DC
TYPES
Method
Load current
1A
Load voltage
75 to 264 Vrms
Zero-cross
2A
1A
75 to 264 Vrms
75 to 264 Vrms
Random
2A
2019.07
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75 to 264 Vrms
ー1ー
Control voltage
Part No.
4 to 6 V DC
AQG12105
9.6 to 14.4 V DC
AQG12112
19.2 to 28.8 V DC
AQG12124
4 to 6 V DC
AQG22105
9.6 to 14.4 V DC
AQG22112
19.2 to 28.8 V DC
AQG22124
4 to 6 V DC
AQG12205
9.6 to 14.4 V DC
AQG12212
19.2 to 28.8 V DC
AQG12224
4 to 6 V DC
AQG22205
9.6 to 14.4 V DC
AQG22212
19.2 to 28.8 V DC
AQG22224
c Panasonic Corporation 2019
Standard Packing
Carton: 20 pcs.
Case: 500 pcs.
ASCTB23E 201907
Solid State Relays AQ-G RELAYS
RATING
Ratings (Ambient temperature: 20°C, Input voltage ripple: 1% or less)
Zero-cross
Part No.
AQG12105
AQG12112
AQG12124
AQG22105
AQG22112
AQG22124
Rated voltage
5 V DC
12 V DC
24 V DC
5 V DC
12 V DC
24 V DC
Control voltage
4 to 6 V DC
Input side
Item
Input impedance
(Approx.)
0.3 kΩ
9.6 to 14.4 V DC 19.2 to 28.8 V DC
0.8 kΩ
1.6 kΩ
9.6 to 14.4 V DC 19.2 to 28.8 V DC
0.3 kΩ
Drop-out voltage
Min. 1 V
Reverse voltage
3V
Max. load current*2
0.8 kΩ
1A
Load voltage
Load side
4 to 6 V DC
Remarks
1.6 kΩ
*1
2A
1 A: Ta = Max. 40°C
2 A: Ta = Max. 25°C
30 A
In one cycle at 60 Hz
75 to 264 Vrms
Frequency
45 to 65 Hz
Non-repetitive surge
current*3
8A
"OFF-state" leakage
current
Max. 1.5 mA
"ON-state" voltage
drop
at 60 Hz at 200 Vrms
Max. 1.6 V
*4
Min. load current
at Max. carrying current
20 mA
Random
Part No.
AQG12205
AQG12212
AQG12224
AQG22205
AQG22212
AQG22224
Rated voltage
5 V DC
12 V DC
24 V DC
5 V DC
12 V DC
24 V DC
Control voltage
4 to 6 V DC
Input side
Item
Input impedance
(Approx.)
0.3 kΩ
9.6 to 14.4 V DC 19.2 to 28.8 V DC
0.8 kΩ
1.6 kΩ
9.6 to 14.4 V DC 19.2 to 28.8 V DC
0.3 kΩ
Drop-out voltage
Min. 1 V
Reverse voltage
3V
Max. load current*2
0.8 kΩ
1A
Load voltage
Load side
4 to 6 V DC
Remarks
1.6 kΩ
*1
2A
1 A: Ta = Max. 40°C
2 A: Ta = Max. 25°C
30 A
In one cycle at 60 Hz
75 to 264 Vrms
Frequency
45 to 65 Hz
Non-repetitive surge
current*3
8A
"OFF-state" leakage
current
Max. 1.5 mA
"ON-state" voltage
drop
at 60 Hz at 200 Vrms
Max. 1.6 V
*4
Min. load current
at Max. carrying current
20 mA
*1.Refer to REFERENCE DATA “3. Input current vs. input voltage characteristics”.
*2.Refer to REFERENCE DATA “1. Load current vs. ambient temperature characteristics”.
*3.Refer to REFERENCE DATA “2. Non-repetitive surge current vs. carrying time”.
*4.When the load current is less than the rated minimum load current, please refer to “Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays”.
Characteristics (Ambient temperature: 20°C, Input voltage ripple: 1% or less)
Item
Operate time
Type
Zero-cross
Random
Max. 1/2 cycle of voltage sine wave +1 ms
Max. 1 ms
Release time
Remarks
Max. 1/2 cycle of voltage sine wave +1 ms
Insulation resistance
Min. 109 Ω between input and output
at 500 V DC
Breakdown voltage
3,000 Vrms between input and output
for 1 minute
Vibration resistance
10 to 55 Hz double amplitude of 0.75 mm
X, Y, Z axes
Shock resistance
Min. 1,000 m/s2
X, Y, Z axes
Ambient temperature
-30 to +80°C
Non-icing and non-condensing
-30 to +100°C
Non-icing and non-condensing
Storage temperature
Operational method
Zero-cross (Turn-ON and Turn-OFF)
Random turn ON, zero-cross turn OFF
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c Panasonic Corporation 2019
ASCTB23E 201907
Solid State Relays AQ-G RELAYS
REFERENCE DATA
1.Load current vs. ambient temperature
characteristics
2-1.Non-repetitive surge current vs.
carrying time* (1A Type)
2-2.Non-repetitive surge current vs. carrying
time* (2A Type)
Ambient temperature: 20°C
2 A type
1.5
1 A type
1
40
Non-repetitive surge current, A
Non-repetitive surge current, A
2
Load current, A
Ambient temperature: 20°C
10
2.5
8
6
4
2
0.5
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
-30
0
20
40
60
80
Ambient temperature, °C
0
100
1
10
No. of cycles at 60 Hz
0
100
1
10
No. of cycles at 60 Hz
100
*The above chart shows non-repetitive maximum rating. If a surge current is applied repeatedly, please keep it approximately 50% or less than the values shown in the above graph.
4-1.Load current vs. ambient temperature
4-2.Load current vs. ambient temperature
characteristics for adjacent mounting (1A Type)
characteristics for adjacent mounting (2A Type)
3.Input current vs. input voltage
characteristics
1.2
30
2.5
L =15 mm
1
(12 V type)
(24 V type)
15
0.8
L =5 mm
0.6
10
0.4
5
0.2
0
5
10
DIMENSIONS
15
25
20
Input voltage, V
30
L =10 mm
1
L =5 mm
0.5
L
L
L
L =Adjacent mounting pitch
0
-30
35
L =15 mm
1.5
0
20
40
60
80
Ambient temperature, °C
100
L
L =Adjacent mounting pitch
0
-30
0
20
40
60
80
Ambient temperature, °C
Unit: mm
CAD The CAD data of the products with a “CAD” mark can be downloaded from our Website.
1A Type
External dimensions
CAD
4.5 max.
24.5 max.
0.8
13.5 max.
2.54 10.16
3.7
4 - 0.7
4 - 1.6
2.54
10.16
PC board pattern
(BOTTOM VIEW)
7.62
100
Schematic
Input
− +
Output
1.2
(5 V type)
2
L =10 mm
Load current, A
20
Load current, A
Input current, mA
25
4 - 1.0 dia.
Tolerance: ± 0.1
1.2
0.25
7.62
General tolerance: ± 0.2
2A Type
4.5 max.
24.5 max.
PC board pattern
(BOTTOM VIEW)
0.8
20.5 max.
2.54 10.16
2.54
3.7
4 - 0.7
4 - 1.6
10.16
7.62
Schematic
Input
− +
Output
1.2
External dimensions
CAD
4 - 1.0 dia.
Tolerance: ± 0.1
1.2
0.25
7.62
General tolerance: ± 0.2
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c Panasonic Corporation 2019
ASCTB23E 201907
Solid State Relays AQ-G RELAYS
SCHEMATIC AND WIRING DIAGRAMS
Output
configuration
Schematic
3
+
Load
Wiring diagram
1
Input circuit
4
3
ZC
−
2
Zero-cross circuit
INPUT
1 Form A
+
4
AC
3
LOAD
2
1
1
Load
Operation
power
Load power
supply
Input circuit
4
2
−
Recommended Temperature Controllers
Space saving requiring only a depth of 56 mm
KT4H Temperature Controller
• Data collection possible through a PLC using RS485 communication
• Tool port is standard for easy data setting
• Inverted LCD + backlight for good legibility with large characters
• Excellent operability and rich optional control functions
[Substitute part numbers]
48mm
56mm
48mm
Power supply
Control output
Part No.
100 to 240 Vrms
Non-contact voltage output
AKT4H112100
Note: For detailed product information about temperature controllers, please refer to our website:
URL https://industrial.panasonic.com/ac/e/
Please refer to "the latest product specifications"
when designing your product.
•Requests to customers:
https://industrial.panasonic.com/ac/e/salespolicies/
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ー4ー
c Panasonic Corporation 2019
ASCTB23E 201907
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
SAFETY WARNINGS
o not use the product under conditions that exceed the range of
D
its specifications. It may cause overheating, smoke, or fire.
Do not touch the recharging unit while the power is on. There is a
danger of electrical shock.
Be sure to turn off the power when performing mounting,
maintenance, or repair operations on the relay (including
connecting parts such as the terminal board and socket).
Check the connection diagrams in the catalog and be sure to
connect the terminals correctly. If the device is energized with
short circuit or any wrong connection, it may cause unexpected
malfunction, abnormal heat or fire.
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Derating is a significant factor for reliable design and product life.
Even if the conditions of use (temperature, current, voltage, etc.)
of the product are within the absolute maximum ratings, reliability
may be lowered remarkably when continuously used in high
load conditions (high temperature, high humidity, high current,
high voltage, etc.) Therefore, please derate sufficiently below the
absolute maximum ratings and evaluate the device in the actual
condition.
Moreover, regardless of the application, if malfunctioning can be
expected to pose high risk to human life or to property, or if products
are used in equipment otherwise requiring high operational safety, in
addition to designing double circuits, that is, incorporating features
such as a protection circuit or a redundant circuit, safety testing
should also be carried out.
pplying stress that exceeds the absolute maximum
A
rating
If the voltage or current value for any of the terminals exceeds the
absolute maximum rating, internal elements will deteriorate because
of the overvoltage or overcurrent. In extreme cases, wiring may
melt, or silicon P/N junctions may be destroyed.
Therefore, the circuit should be designed in such a way that the load
never exceed the absolute maximum ratings, even momentarily.
Noise and surge protection at the input side
1) Phototriac coupler and AQ-H
If reverse surge voltages are present at the input terminals,
connect a diode in reverse parallel across the input terminals and
keep the reverse voltages below the reverse breakdown voltage.
Typical circuits are below shown.
< Phototriac coupler (6-pin)>
When used for the load less than rated
An SSR may malfunction if it is used below the specified load. In
such an event, use a dummy resistor in parallel with the load.
Ro (dummy resistor)
Load power
supply
Type
Load current
20 mA
AQ1 All models
50 mA
AQ8 All models
50 mA
AQ-J All models
50 mA
AQ-A (AC output type)
100 mA
3
SSR
C
4
Emax.
hen the input terminals are connected with reverse
W
polarity
Product name
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+
−
Emin.
Load Specifications
AQ-G All models
4
If ripple is present in the input power supply, observe the following:
1) Current-sensitive type (Phototriac Coupler, AQ-H)
(1) For LED forward current at Emin, please maintain the value
mentioned at “Recommended input current.”
(2) Please make sure the LED forward current for Emax. is no
higher than 50 mA.
2) Voltage-sensitive type (AQ-G, AQ1, AQ8, AQ-J, AQ-A)
(1) The Emin. should exceed the minimum rated control voltage
(2) The Emax. should not exceed the maximum rated control
voltage
Do not short circuit between terminals when device is energized,
since there is possibility of breaking of the internal IC.
2
3
Ripple in the input power supply
Short across terminals
Load
5
Design in accordance with the recommended operating conditions
for each product.
Since these conditions are affected by the operating environment,
ensure conformance with all relevant specifications.
1) Phototriac coupler
The No. 3 terminal is used with the circuit inside the device.
Therefore, do not connect it to the external circuitry. (6 pins)
2) AQ-H
The No. 5 terminal is connected to the gate.
Do not directly connect No. 5 and 6 terminals.
1
2
ecommended input current of Phototriac coupler and
R
AQ-H
Unused terminals
SSR
6
R
Phototriac coupler
The phototriac coupler is designed solely to drive a triac. As a
condition, the triac must be powered beforehand.
1
2) SSR
A high noise surge voltage applied to the SSR input circuit can
cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device. If such a
high surge is anticipated, use C or R noise absorber in the input
circuit.
Typical circuits are below shown
Control voltage
source
Derating design
ー5ー
If the polarity of the input control voltage is reversed
AQ1, AQ-J,
AQ-A (AC)
Reversing the polarity will not cause damage to the
device, due to the presence of a protection diode, but
the device will not operate.
AQ-H, AQ-G,
AQ8, AQ-A
(DC)
Reversing the polarity may cause permanent damage to
the device. Take special care to avoid polarity reversal or
use a protection diode in the input circuit.
Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Noise and surge protection at the output side
1) Phototriac coupler and AQ-H
The figure below shows an ordinary triac drive circuit. Please add
a snubber circuit or varistor, as noise/surge on the load side could
damage the unit or cause malfunctions.
Typical circuits are shown below.
1
Load
4
U
2
3
1
Note: Applies to unit area ultrasonic output for ultrasonic baths
Load
6
1) When different kinds of packages are mounted on PC board,
temperature rise at soldering lead is highly dependent on
package size. Therefore, please set the lower temperature
soldering condition than the conditions of item “14.
Soldering”, and confirm the temperature condition of actual
usage before soldering.
2) When mounting condition exceeds our recommendation, the
device characteristics may be adversely affected. It may
occur package crack or bonding wire breaking because of
thermal expansion unconformity and resin strength
reduction. Please contact our sales office about the propriety
of the condition.
3) Please confirm the heat stress by using actual board
because it may be changed by board condition or
manufacturing process condition
4) Solder creepage, wettability, or soldering strength will be
affected by the mounting condition or used soldering type.
Please check them under the actual production condition in
detail.
5) Please apply coating when the device returns to a room
temperature.
U
4
1
8
Load
2
U
3
6
4
5
Note: Connection of an external resister, etc.,
to terminal No. 5 (gate) is not necessary.
1
Load power
supply
2) SSR
(1) AC output type
A high noise surge voltage applied to the SSR load circuit can
cause malfunction or permanent damage to the device. If such
a high surge is anticipated, use a varistor across the SSR
output.
SSR
Load
V
2
Cleaning the solder flux should use the immersion washing with an
organic solvent. If you have to use ultrasonic cleaning, please adopt
the following conditions and check that there are no problems in the
actual usage.
Frequency
: 27 to 29kHz
Ultrasonic output: No greater than 0.25W/cm2 (Note)
Cleaning time : 30s or less
Cleanser used : Asahiklin AK-225
Others
:F
loat PC board and the device in the cleaning
solvent to prevent from contacting the ultrasonic
vibrator.
Notes for mounting (for PC board mounting type)
2
3
Cleaning (for PC board mounting type)
Varistor
Load
SSR
V
Load
Load power supply
SSR
Load power supply
(2) DC output type
If an inductive load generates spike voltages which exceed the
absolute maximum rating, the spike voltage must be limited.
Typical circuits are shown below.
3) Clamp diode and snubber circuit can limit spike voltages at
the load side. However, long wires may cause spike voltages
due to inductance. It is recommended to keep wires as short
as possible to minimize inductance.
4) Output terminals may become conductive although the input
power is not applied, when a sudden voltage rise is applied
to it even when the relay is off. This may occur even if
voltage rise between terminals is less than the repetitive
peak OFF-state voltage. Therefore, please perform sufficient
tests with actual conditions.
5) When controlling loads in which the voltage and current
phases differ, a sudden voltage rise is applied during turnoff, and the triac sometimes does not turn off. Please
conduct sufficient tests using actual equipment.
6) When controlling loads using zero-cross voltage types in
which the voltage and current phases differ, the triac
sometimes does not turn on regardless of the input state, so
please conduct sufficient tests using actual equipment.
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Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Soldering
Transportation and storage
1) When soldering surface-mount terminals, the following
conditions are recommended.
(1) IR (Infrared reflow) soldering method
(Recommended condition reflow: Max. 2 times, measurement
point: soldering lead)
t3
T3
T1 = 150 to 180°C
T2 = 230°C
T3 = 240 to 250°C
t1 = 60 to 120 s
t2 = Within 30 s
t3 = Within 10 s
T2
T1
t1
t2
(2) Other soldering methods
Other soldering methods (VPS, hot-air, hot plate, laser heating,
pulse heater, etc.) affect the relay characteristics differently,
please evaluate the device under the actual usage.
(3) Soldering iron method
Tip temperature: 350 to 400 °C
Wattage
: 30 to 60 W
Soldering time : within 3 s
2) When soldering standard PC board terminals, the following
conditions are recommended.
(1) DWS soldering method
(Recommended condition number of times: Max. 1 time,
measurement point: soldering lead *1)
T2
T1 = 120°C
T2 = Max. 260°C
t1 = within 60 s
t2+t3 = within 5 s
T1
t1
t2
t3
*1 Solder temperature: Max. 260 °C
1) Extreme vibration during transport may deform the lead or
damage the device characteristics. Please handle the outer
and inner boxes with care.
2) Inadequate storage condition may degrade soldering,
appearance, and characteristics. The following storage
conditions are recommended:
Temperature: 0 to 45 °C
Humidity: Max. 70%RH
Atmosphere: No harmful gasses such as sulfurous acid gas,
minimal dust.
3) Storage of Phototriac coupler (SOP type)
In case the heat stress of soldering is applied to the device which
absorbs moisture inside of its package, the evaporation of the
moisture increases the pressure inside the package and it may
cause the package blister or crack. This device is sensitive to
moisture and it is packed in the sealed moisture-proof package.
Please make sure the following condition after unsealing.
Please use the device immediately after unsealing.
(Within 30 days at 0 to 45 °C and Max. 70%RH)
If the device will be kept for a long time after unsealing, please
store in the another moisture-proof package containing silica gel.
(Please use within 90 days.)
Water condensation
Water condensation occurs when the ambient temperature changes
suddenly from a high temperature to low temperature at high
humidity, or the device is suddenly transferred from a low ambient
temperature to a high temperature and humidity. Condensation
causes the failures such as insulation deterioration. Panasonic
Corporation does not guarantee the failures caused by water
condensation.
The heat conduction by the equipment the SSR is mounted may
accelerate the water condensation. Please confirm that there is no
condensation in the worst condition of the actual usage. (Special
attention should be paid when high temperature heating parts are
close to the SSR.)
(2) Other dip soldering method (recommended condition: 1 time)
Preheating: Max. 120 °C, within 120 s,
measurement point:
soldering lead Soldering: Max. 260 °C, within 5 s*,
measurement area: soldering temperature
*Phototriac coupler and AQ-H: within 10 s
(3) Manual soldering method
Tip temperature: 350 to 400°C
Wattage: 30 to 60 W
Soldering time: within 3 s
We recommend one with an alloy composition of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu.
Others
1) If an SSR is used in close proximity to another SSR or
heat-generating device, its ambient temperature may exceed
the allowable level. Carefully plan SSR layout and ventilation.
2) Terminal connections should be made by referring to the
associated wiring diagram.
3) For higher reliability, check device quality under actual
operating conditions.
4) To prevent the danger of electrocution, turn off the power
supply when performing maintenance. Although AQ-A (DC
output type) is constructed with insulation for the input/
output terminals and the rear aluminum plate, the insulation
between the input/output and the rear aluminum plate is not
UL approved.
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Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
The following shows the packaging format
1) Tape and reel (Phototriac coupler)
Tape dimensions (Unit: mm)
1.75±0.1
Device mounted on tape
1.55±0.1dia.
4±0.1
2±0.1
2.8±0.3
12±0.1
2±0.5
80 ±1 dia.
5.5±0.1
7.2±0.1
(1) When picked from 1/2-pin side: Part No. APT****SX
(Shown above)
(2) When picked from 3/4-pin side: Part No. APT****SZ
*Quality of material: Paper
14±1.5
13 ±0.5dia.
250 ±2dia.
SO package
4-pin type
1.55±0.05dia.
21±0.8
80 ±1dia.
12±0.3
0.3±0.05
Direction of picking
Tractor feed holes
Dimensions of paper tape reel (Unit: mm)
4.7±0.1
Type
2 ±0.5
(1) When picked from 1/2-pin side: Part No. APT****AX
(2) When picked from 3/4-pin side: Part No. APT****AZ
*Quality of material: Paper
2±0.5
21±0.8
80 ±1dia.
1.75
Tractor feed holes
1.5 +0.1
- 0 dia.
13.5±2.0
13±0.5dia.
±0.1
Direction of picking
0.3 ±0.05
80 ±1dia.
1.55±0.1dia.
2±0.1
300 ±2 dia.
12±0.1
4.2±0.3
12
Device mounted on tape
2±0.5
±0.3
10.2±0.1
±0.1
4
1.5+0.1
ー0 dia.
5.5
DIP
4-pin type
Direction of picking
Tractor feed holes
±0.1
5.25±0.1
0.3±0.05
1.75±0.1
21±0.8
80 ±1dia.
10.1 ±0.1
12 ±0.1
4.5 ±0.3
4 ±0.1
300 dia.
±2
1.6 ±0.1 dia.
2 ±0.1
(1) When picked from 1/2/3-pin side: Part No. APT****AX
(2) When picked from 4/5/6-pin side: Part No. APT****AZ
Direction of picking
4.3 ±0.3
12.0 ±0.1
2.0±0.1
2±0.5
1.6 ±0.1 dia.
(1) When picked from 1/6-pin side: Part No. APT****WAY
(2) When picked from 3/4-pin side: Part No. APT****WAW
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24.0 ±0.3
11.5
12.1 ±0.1
Device mounted
on tape
2±0.5
100±1dia.
330±2 dia.
9.2 ±0.1
17.5±2
21±0.8
100±1dia.
1.75
4.0 ±0.1
13 ±0.5dia.
±0.1
Tractor feed holes
1.5 +0.1
- 0 dia.
*Quality of material: Paper
±0.1
0.35 ±0.05
DIP
6-pin wide
terminal type
80±1dia.
16
Device mounted
on tape
±0.3
9.2 ±0.1
DIP
6-pin type
7.5
±0.1
2±0.5
ー8ー
*Quality of material: Paper
13 ±0.5dia.
Panasonic Corporation 2020
25.5±2
1.7±0.8
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
2) Tape and reel (AQ-H)
Tape dimensions (Unit: mm)
Dimensions of paper tape reel (Unit: mm)
4.5 ±0.3
80±1dia.
2 ±0.1
1.55 ±0.1dia.
(1) When picked from 1/2/3/4-pin side: Part No. AQH****AX
(Shown above)
(2) When picked from 5/6/8-pin side: Part No. AQH****AZ
*Quality of material: Paper
13 ±0.5dia.
17.5±2
300±2dia.
12 ±0.1
2±0.5
±0.3
10.1±0.1
Device mounted
on tape
21±0.8
80 ±1dia.
16
8-pin SMD
type
4
10.2 ±0.1
0.3 ±0.05
±0.1
1.75 ±0.1
Direction of picking
Tractor feed holes
1.5 +0.1
- 0 dia.
7.5 ±0.1
Type
2±0.5
3) Tube
Phototriac coupler and AQ-H SSR are packaged in a tube as pin
No. 1 is on the stopper B side. Observe correct orientation when
mounting them on PC boards.
Stopper B (green)
Stopper A (gray)
Stopper B
Stopper A
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Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Snubber Circuit
Reduce dv/dt
If there is no resistance R (the resistance R controls the discharge
current from condenser C), at turn-on of the SSR, there will be a
sharp rise in dv/dt and the high peak value discharge current will
begin to flow.
This may cause damage to the internal elements of the SSR.
Therefore, it is always necessary to insert a resistance R. In
normal applications, for the 100 V line, have R = 10 to 100 Ω and
for the 200 V line, have R = 20 to 100 Ω. (The allowable discharge
current at turn on will differ depending on the internal elements of
the SSR.) The power loss from R, written as P, caused by the
discharge current and charging current from C, is shown in
formula ③ below. For the 100 V line, use a power of 1/2 W, and
for the 200 V line, use a power above 2 W.
An SSR used with an inductive load can accidentally fire due to a
high load voltage rise rate (dv/dt), even though the load voltage is
below the allowable level (inductive load firing).
Our SSRs contain a snubber circuit designed to reduce dv/dt (except
AQ-H).
Selecting the snubber constants
1) C selection
The charging coefficient tau for C of the SSR circuit is shown in
formula ①
τ=(RL+R) × C ------------①
By setting formula ① so that it is below dv/dt value you have:
C=0.632VA/[(dv/dt) (RL+R)] -----②
By setting C = 0.1 to 0.2 μF, dv/dt can be controlled to between
nV/μs and n+V/μs or lower. For the condenser, use either an MP
condenser metallized polyester film. For the 100 V line, use a
voltage between 250 and 400 V, and for the 200 V line, use a
voltage between 400 and 600 V.
2) R selection
RL
1
Inductive load
R
2
VA
C
Also, at turn-off of the SSR, a ringing circuit is formed with the
capacitor C and the circuit inductance L, and a spike voltage is
generated at both terminals of the SSR. The resistance R serves
as a control resistance to prevent this ringing. Moreover, a good
non-inductive resistance for R is required. Carbon film resistors or
metal film resistors are often used.
For general applications, the recommended values are C = 0.1
μF and R = 20 to 100 Ω. There are cases of resonance in the
inductive load, so the appropriate care must be taken when
making your selections.
Load power supply
SSR
C×VA2×f
………③
2
f=Power supply frequency
P=
Snubber circuit
Thermal Design
SSRs used in high-reliability equipment require careful thermal design.
Table 1 Dedicated on-board heat sinks
In particular, junction temperature control has a significant effect on
device function and life time. The rated load current for PC boardmounting SSRs is defined as the maximum current allowable at an
Type
Heat sink
Load current
AQ10A2-ZT4/32VDC
AQ1802
AQP810*
AQP813
AQP812*
AQP810*
AQP813
AQP812*
AQP810*
AQP813
AQP812*
AQP815
AQP813
AQP812*
AQP814
AQP813
AQP812*
AQP813
AQP812*
AQP814
AQP815
AQP812*
10A
AQP815
10A
AQP812*
30A
AQ-J (10A)
ambient temperature of 40 °C (30 °C) and under natural cooling. If the
ambient temperature exceeds the SSRs derating temperature point [40
AQ-J (15A)
°C (30 °C)], load current derating in accordance with the load current
vs temperature diagram becomes necessary. If adjacent devices act
as heat sources, the SSR should be located more than 10 mm away
AQ-J (25A)
from those devices.
SSRs with a 5 A rating or more must be used with the dedicated heat
AQ-A (15A)
sinks listed in Table 1 or equivalents. To ensure adequate thermal
conduction, apply thermal conductive compound (Ex. Momentive
AQ-A (25A)
Performance Materials Inc. YG6111 or TSK5303) to the SSR’s
mounting surface. For information on external heat sinks for our SSRs
AQ-A (40A)
and their mounting method, refer to “Data and Cautions for Use for
respective relay”.
AQ-A DC (10A)
AQ-A DC (30A)
10A
15A
20A
25A
15A
25A
30A
40A
8A
* It is possible to mounting on the DIN rail
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Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Protection Circuit
2) Suppress transient spikes
Use a switching device in the secondary circuit of a transformer
or use a switch with a slow opening speed.
3) Use a surge absorption circuit
Use a CR surge absorber or varistor across the load power
supply or SSR.
Special care must be taken so power on/off surges or external
surges do not exceed the device’s rated load voltage. If a surge
voltage exceeding the device’s rated voltage is anticipated, use a
surge absorption device and circuit (e.g. a ZNR from Panasonic
Corporation).
High-reliability SSR circuits require an adequate protection circuit, as
well as careful study of the characteristics and maximum ratings of the
device.
Over-Voltage Protection
The SSR load power supply requires adequate protection against
over-voltage errors from various causes. The methods of overvoltage protection include the following:
1) Use devices with a guaranteed reverse surge withstand
voltage
(controlled avalanche devices, etc.)
Choosing the rated voltage of the ZNR
(1) Peak supply voltage
(2) Supply voltage variation
(3) Degradation of ZNR characteristic (1 mA ±10%)
(4) Tolerance of rated voltage (±10%)
For application to 100 V AC lines, choose a ZNR with the
following rated voltage:
(1) × (2) × (3) × (4) = (100 × √2) × 1.1 × 1.1 × 1.1 = 188 (V)
Example of ZNR (Panasonic)
Varistor
voltage
V1mA (V)
ACrms (V)
DC (V)
V50A (V)
ERZV14D201
200 (185 to 225)
130
170
340
ERZV14D221
220 (198 to 242)
140
180
ERZV14D241
240 (216 to 264)
150
ERZV14D271
270 (247 to 303)
ERZV14D361
360 (324 to 396)
ERZV14D391
Max. allowable
circuit voltage
(10/1000µs)
(2ms)
(W)
(J)
(J)
(A)
(A)
@1KHz (pF)
0.6
70
50
6,000
5,000
770
360
0.6
78
55
6,000
5,000
740
200
395
0.6
84
60
6,000
5,000
700
175
225
455
0.6
99
70
6,000
5,000
640
230
300
595
0.6
130
90
6,000
4,500
540
390 (351 to 429)
250
320
650
0.6
140
100
6,000
4,500
500
ERZV14D431
430 (387 to 473)
275
350
710
0.6
155
110
6,000
4,500
450
ERZV14D471
470 (423 to 517)
300
385
775
0.6
175
125
6,000
4,500
400
ERZV14D621
620 (558 to 682)
385
505
1,025
0.6
190
136
5,000
4,500
330
ERZV14D681
680 (612 to 748)
420
560
1,120
0.6
190
136
5,000
4,500
320
0.8 dia.
W
L
D : 17.5 dia. max.
T : 6.5 max.
H : 20.5 max.
W : 7.5 ±1
(Unit: mm)
1,000
100
AQ-A (15 A type)
NHR15 (fuse 15 A)
NHR10 (fuse 10 A)
(A peak)
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T
D
Example of executing fuse selection of over-current protection
cooperation
Fuse cut-off current
Surge ON current
Over-Current Protection
An SSR circuit operated without overcurrent protection may result in
damage to the device. Design the circuit so the device’s rated junction
temperature is not exceeded for a continuous overload current.
(e.g. Surge current into a motor or light bulb)
The surge-on current rating applies to over-current errors which occur
less than several tens of times during the service life of a
semiconductor device. A protection coordination device is required for
this rating.
Methods of over-current protection include the following:
1) Suppressing over-currents
Use a current limiting reactor in series with the load power supply.
2) Use a current shut-off device
Use a current limiting fuse or circuit breaker in series with the load
power supply.
1time
Electrostatic
capacitance
(8/20µs) (Reference)
2time
20 min
Types
Withstanding
surge current
Withstanding
energy
H
Max.
average
pulse
electric
power
3 max
Max.
control
voltage
ー 11 ー
10
1
10
100
No. of cycles at 60Hz
Panasonic Corporation 2020
1,000
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Load Type Description
Heaters (Resistive load)
Solenoids
The SSR is best suited to resistive loads. Noise levels can be
drastically lowered with zero-crossing switching.
Lamps
Tungsten or halogen lamps draw a high inrush current when turned
on (approximately 7 to 8 times the steady state current for zerocrossing SSRs; approximately 9 to 12 times, in the worst case, for
random type SSRs). Choose an SSR so the peak of the inrush
current does not exceed 50% of the SSR surgeon current.
Motors load
Dummy resistor
When starting, an electric motor draws a symmetrical AC starting
current some 5 to 8 times the steady-state load current,
superimposed on a DC current. The starting time during which this
high starting current is sustained depends on the capacities of the
load and load power supply. Measure the starting current and time
under the motor’s actual operating conditions and choose an SSR
so the peak of the starting current does not exceed 50% of the SSR
surge-on current.
When the motor load is deactivated, a voltage exceeding the load
supply voltage is applied to the SSR due to counter-EMF.
This voltage is approximately 1.3 times the load supply voltage for
induction motors, and approximately 2 times that for synchronous
motors.
Reversible motor control
When the direction of motor rotation is reversed, the transient
current and time required for the reversal far exceed those
required for simple starting. The reversing current and time should
also be measured under actual operating conditions.
For a capacitor-starting, single-phase induction motor, a
capacitive discharge current appears during the reversal process.
Be sure to use a current limiting resistor or reactor in series with
the SSR.
Also, the SSR should have a high marginal voltage rating, since a
voltage twice as high as the load supply voltage develops across
the SSR in the reversal process.
For reversible motor control, carefully design the driver circuit so
the forward and reverse SSRs do not turn on at the same time.
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AC-driven solenoid contactors or solenoid valves also draw inrush
current when they are activated. Choose an SSR such that the peak
of the inrush current does not exceed 50% of the SSR surgeon
current. For small solenoid valves and AC relays in particular, a
leakage current may cause the load to malfunction after the SSR
turns off. In such an event, use a dummy resistor in parallel with the
load.
Using an SSR below the specified load
ー 12 ー
Load
SSR
Output
Load power supply
Capacitive load
A capacitive load (switching regulator, etc.) draws an inrush current
to charge the load capacitor when the SSR turns on. Choose an
SSR so the peak of the inrush current does not exceed 50% of the
SSR surge-on current. A timing error of up to one cycle can occur
when a switch used in series with the SSR is opened or closed. If
this is a problem, use an inductor (200 to 500 μH) in series to the
SSR to suppress dv/dt error.
Other electronic equipment
In general, electronic equipment uses line filters in the primary
supply circuit.
The capacitors used in the line filters may cause the SSR to
malfunction due to dv/dt turn on when the equipment is turned on or
off. In such an event, use an inductor (200 to 500 μH) in series with
the SSR to suppress dv/dt turn on.
Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
Load Inrush Current Wave and Time
(1) Incandescent Lamp Load
(2) Mercury Lamp Load i/i0≒3 times
(3) Fluorescent Lamp Load
i/i0≒5 to 10 times
Contacts
io
i
L
io
i
C
io
i
(for high power factor type)
Incandescent lamp
Approx. 1/3 second
Inrush current/rated current:
i/i0≒10 to 15 times
The discharge tube, transformer, choke coil, capacitor, etc., are combined in
common discharge lamp circuits. Note that the inrush current may be 20 to 40
times, especially if the power supply impedance is low in the high power factor type.
(4) Motor Load i/i0≒5 to 10 times
(5) Solenoid Load
i/i0≒10 to 20 times
io
i
10 seconds
or less
3 to 5 minutes
i
(7) Capacitive Load
i/i0≒20 to 40 times
(6) Electromagnetic
Contact Load
i/i0≒3 to 10 times
io
i
io
Free
Lock
Load
0.2 to 0.5 second
Steady
Starting state Braking
• Conditions become more harsh if plugging or
inching is performed since state transitions are
repeated.
• When using a relay to control a DC motor and
brake, the on time inrush current, steady-state
current and off time brake current differ depending
on whether the load to the motor is free or locked.
In particular, with non-polarized relays, when
using from B contact of from contact for the DC
motor brake, mechanical life might be affected by
the brake current. Therefore, please verify current
at the actual load.
i
0.07 to 0.1 second
1 to 2 cycles
(1/60 to 1/30 seconds)
Note that since inductance is great,
the arc lasts longer when power is cut.
The contact may become easily worn.
1/2 to 2 cycles
(1/120 to 1/30 seconds)
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io
ー 13 ー
Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Cautions for Use of Solid State Relays
SSR Driving Circuits
NPN Transistor Driver
Load
Load power
supply
Load power
supply
Load
1
2
PNP Transistor Driver
1
2
+Vcc
3
+
4
−
Relay contacts
1
2
SSR
SSR
SSR
+Vcc
Load
Load power
supply
Relay Driver
3
+
4
−
+Vcc
4
−
C-MOS/IC Driver
Load
Load
Load power
supply
1
1
2
2
3
+
4
−
Load
1
SSR
SSR
+Vcc
(2) SSR fires when IC output is LOW:
Load power
supply
(1) SSR fires when IC output is HIGH:
Load power
supply
+
PNP Transistor
NPN Transistor
TTL/DTL/IC Driver
3
+Vcc
3
+
4
−
2
+Vcc
SSR
3
+
4
−
TTL, DTL, IC
C-MOS IC
Relay Driver
C-MOS IC
NPN Transistor Driver
Vcc
3
+
1
R
Load
ZNR
SSR
U
3
Load power
supply
+
1
Load
SW
SSR
4
−
A
U
2
C
B
ZNR
4
−
Load power
supply
2
Terminal A: ON input pulse
Terminal B: OFF input pulse
Phototriac Coupler, AQ-H Solid State Relay Driving Circuits
*Phototriac coupler and AQ-H is current driving type
NPN Transistor Driver
(2) AQ-H Solid State Relay
1
+
+Vcc
2
4
Load
2
−
+
8
Load
Load power
supply
+Vcc
3
3
−
Load power
supply
(1) Phototriac Coupler
6
NPN Transistor
NPN Transistor
Please refer to "the latest product specifications"
when designing your product.
•Requests to customers:
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ー 14 ー
Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB400E 202003
Please contact ..........
Electromechanical Control Business Division
1006, Oaza Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka 571-8506, Japan
industral.panasonic.com/ac/e/
©Panasonic Corporation 2020
ASCTB23E 202003
Specifications are subject to change without notice.