ADC0808

ADC0808/ADC0809 8-Bit μP Compatible A/D Converters with 8-Channel Multiplexer March 2007 ADC0808/ADC0809 8-Bit μP Compatible A/D Converters with 8-Channel Multiplexer General Description The ADC0808, ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog-to-digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation register. The 8-channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The device eliminates the need for external zero and full-scale adjustments. Easy interfacing to microprocessors is provided by the latched and decoded multiplexer address inputs and latched TTL TRI-STATE outputs. The design of the ADC0808, ADC0809 has been optimized by incorporating the most desirable aspects of several A/D conversion techniques. The ADC0808, ADC0809 offers high speed, high accuracy, minimal temperature dependence, excellent long-term accuracy and repeatability, and consumes minimal power. These features make this device ideally suited to applications from process and machine control to consumer and automotive applications. For 16-channel multiplexer with common output (sample/hold port) see ADC0816 data sheet. (See AN-247 for more information.) Features ■ Easy interface to all microprocessors ■ Operates ratiometrically or with 5 VDC or analog span ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ adjusted voltage reference No zero or full-scale adjust required 8-channel multiplexer with address logic 0V to VCC input range Outputs meet TTL voltage level specifications ADC0808 equivalent to MM74C949 ADC0809 equivalent to MM74C949-1 Key Specifications ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Resolution Total Unadjusted Error Single Supply Low Power Conversion Time 8 Bits ±½ LSB and ±1 LSB 5 VDC 15 mW 100 μs Block Diagram 567201 See Ordering Information © 2007 National Semiconductor Corporation 5672 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 Connection Diagrams Dual-In-Line Package Molded Chip Carrier Package 567211 567212 Order Number ADC0808CCN or ADC0809CCN See NS Package J28A or N28A Order Number ADC0808CCV or ADC0809CCV See NS Package V28A Ordering Information Temperature Range Package Outline Error ±½ LSB Unadjusted ±1 LSB Unadjusted N28A Molded DIP ADC0808CCN ADC0809CCN −40°C to +85°C V28A Molded Chip Carrier ADC0808CCV ADC0809CCV V28A Molded Chip Carrier (Tape and Reel) ADC0808CCVX ADC0809CCVX www.national.com 2 ADC0808/ADC0809 Absolute Maximum Ratings (Notes 2, 1) If Military/Aerospace specified devices are required, please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office/ Distributors for availability and specifications. Supply Voltage (VCC) (Note 3) Voltage at Any Pin 6.5V −0.3V to (VCC +0.3V) Operating Conditions (Notes 1, 2) Temperature Range   Range of VCC −40°C≤TA≤+85°C 4.5 VDC to 6.0 VDC TMIN≤TA≤TMAX Except Control Inputs Voltage at Control Inputs −0.3V to +15V (START, OE, CLOCK, ALE, ADD A, ADD B, ADD C) Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +150°C Package Dissipation at TA=25°C 875 mW Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10 seconds) Dual-In-Line Package (plastic) 260°C Molded Chip Carrier Package Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215°C Infrared (15 seconds) 220°C ESD Susceptibility (Note 8) 400V Electrical Characteristics – Converter Specifications Converter Specifications: VCC=5 VDC=VREF+, VREF(−)=GND, TMIN≤TA≤TMAX and fCLK=640 kHz unless otherwise stated. Symbol Parameter ADC0808 Total Unadjusted Error  (Note 5) ADC0809 Total Unadjusted Error  (Note 5) Input Resistance Analog Input Voltage Range VREF(+) Voltage, Top of Ladder Voltage, Center of Ladder VREF(−) IIN Voltage, Bottom of Ladder Comparator Input Current Measured at Ref(−) fc=640 kHz, (Note 6) 25°C TMIN to TMAX 0°C to 70°C TMIN to TMAX From Ref(+) to Ref(−) (Note 4) V(+) or V(−) Measured at Ref(+) (VCC/2) − 0.1 −0.1 −2 1.0 GND − 0.1 VCC VCC/2 0 ±0.5 2 2.5 VCC + 0.1 VCC + 0.1 (VCC/2) + 0.1 Conditions Min Typ Max ±½ ±¾ ±1 ±1¼ Units LSB LSB LSB LSB kΩ VDC V V V μA Electrical Characteristics – Digital Levels and DC Specifications Digital Levels and DC Specifications: ADC0808CCN, ADC0808CCV, ADC0809CCN and ADC0809CCV, 4.75≤VCC≤5.25V, −40°C≤TA≤+85°C unless otherwise noted Symbol ANALOG MULTIPLEXER VCC=5V, VIN=5V, IOFF(+) OFF Channel Leakage Current TA=25°C TMIN to TMAX VCC=5V, VIN=0, IOFF(−) OFF Channel Leakage Current TA=25°C TMIN to TMAX CONTROL INPUTS VIN(1) VIN(0) Logical “1” Input Voltage Logical “0” Input Voltage (VCC − 1.5) 1.5 V V −200 −1.0 −10 nA μA 10 200 1.0 nA μA Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Units 3 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 Symbol IIN(1) IIN(0) ICC Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max 1.0 Units μA μA Logical “1” Input Current (The Control VIN=15V Inputs) Logical “0” Input Current (The Control VIN=0 Inputs) Supply Current fCLK=640 kHz VCC = 4.75V IOUT = −360µA IOUT = −10µA IO=1.6 mA IO=1.2 mA VO=5V VO=0 −3 −1.0 0.3 3.0 mA DATA OUTPUTS AND EOC (INTERRUPT) VOUT(1) VOUT(0) VOUT(0) IOUT Logical “1” Output Voltage Logical “0” Output Voltage Logical “0” Output Voltage EOC TRI-STATE Output Current 2.4 4.5 0.45 0.45 3 V V V V μA μA Electrical Characteristics – Timing Specifications Timing Specifications VCC=VREF(+)=5V, VREF(−)=GND, tr=tf=20 ns and TA=25°C unless otherwise noted. Symbol tWS tWALE ts tH tD tH1, tH0 t1H, t0H tc fc tEOC CIN COUT Parameter Minimum Start Pulse Width Minimum ALE Pulse Width Minimum Address Set-Up Time Minimum Address Hold Time (Figure 5) (Figure 5) (Figure 5) (Figure 5) CL=50 pF, RL=10k (Figure 8) CL=10 pF, RL=10k (Figure 8) fc=640 kHz, (Figure 5) (Note 7) 90 10 (Figure 5) At Control Inputs At TRI-STATE Outputs 0 10 10 Conditions MIn Typ 100 100 25 25 1 125 125 100 640 Max 200 200 50 50 2.5 250 250 116 1280 8 + 2 μS 15 15 Units ns ns ns ns μs ns ns μs kHz Clock Periods pF pF Analog MUX Delay Time From ALE RS=0Ω (Figure 5) OE Control to Q Logic State OE Control to Hi-Z Conversion Time Clock Frequency EOC Delay Time Input Capacitance TRI-STATE Output Capacitance Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its specified operating conditions. Note 2: All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise specified. Note 3: A Zener diode exists, internally, from VCC to GND and has a typical breakdown voltage of 7 VDC. Note 4: Two on-chip diodes are tied to each analog input which will forward conduct for analog input voltages one diode drop below ground or one diode drop greater than the VCCn supply. The spec allows 100 mV forward bias of either diode. This means that as long as the analog VIN does not exceed the supply voltage by more than 100 mV, the output code will be correct. To achieve an absolute 0VDC to 5VDC input voltage range will therefore require a minimum supply voltage of 4.900 VDC over temperature variations, initial tolerance and loading. Note 5: Total unadjusted error includes offset, full-scale, linearity, and multiplexer errors. See Figure 3. None of these A/Ds requires a zero or full-scale adjust. However, if an all zero code is desired for an analog input other than 0.0V, or if a narrow full-scale span exists (for example: 0.5V to 4.5V full-scale) the reference voltages can be adjusted to achieve this. See Figure 13. Note 6: Comparator input current is a bias current into or out of the chopper stabilized comparator. The bias current varies directly with clock frequency and has little temperature dependence (Figure 6). See paragraph 4.0. Note 7: The outputs of the data register are updated one clock cycle before the rising edge of EOC. Note 8: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor. www.national.com 4 ADC0808/ADC0809 Functional Description MULTIPLEXER The device contains an 8-channel single-ended analog signal multiplexer. A particular input channel is selected by using the address decoder. Table 1 shows the input states for the address lines to select any channel. The address is latched into the decoder on the low-to-high transition of the address latch enable signal. TABLE 1. Analog Channel Selection SELECTED ANALOG CHANNEL IN0 IN1 IN2 IN3 IN4 IN5 IN6 IN7 ADDRESS LINE C L L L L H H H H B L L H H L L H H A L H L H L H L H CONVERTER CHARACTERISTICS The Converter The heart of this single chip data acquisition system is its 8bit analog-to-digital converter. The converter is designed to give fast, accurate, and repeatable conversions over a wide range of temperatures. The converter is partitioned into 3 major sections: the 256R ladder network, the successive approximation register, and the comparator. The converter's digital outputs are positive true. The 256R ladder network approach (Figure 1) was chosen over the conventional R/2R ladder because of its inherent monotonicity, which guarantees no missing digital codes. Monotonicity is particularly important in closed loop feedback control systems. A non-monotonic relationship can cause oscillations that will be catastrophic for the system. Additionally, the 256R network does not cause load variations on the reference voltage. The bottom resistor and the top resistor of the ladder network in Figure 1 are not the same value as the remainder of the network. The difference in these resistors causes the output characteristic to be symmetrical with the zero and full-scale points of the transfer curve. The first output transition occurs when the analog signal has reached +½ LSB and succeeding output transitions occur every 1 LSB later up to full-scale. The successive approximation register (SAR) performs 8 iterations to approximate the input voltage. For any SAR type converter, n-iterations are required for an n-bit converter. Figure 2 shows a typical example of a 3-bit converter. In the ADC0808, ADC0809, the approximation technique is extended to 8 bits using the 256R network. The A/D converter's successive approximation register (SAR) is reset on the positive edge of the start conversion start pulse. The conversion is begun on the falling edge of the start conversion pulse. A conversion in process will be interrupted by receipt of a new start conversion pulse. Continuous conversion may be accomplished by tying the end-of-conversion (EOC) output to the SC input. If used in this mode, an external start conversion pulse should be applied after power up. Endof-conversion will go low between 0 and 8 clock pulses after the rising edge of start conversion. The most important section of the A/D converter is the comparator. It is this section which is responsible for the ultimate accuracy of the entire converter. It is also the comparator drift which has the greatest influence on the repeatability of the device. A chopper-stabilized comparator provides the most effective method of satisfying all the converter requirements. The chopper-stabilized comparator converts the DC input signal into an AC signal. This signal is then fed through a high gain AC amplifier and has the DC level restored. This technique limits the drift component of the amplifier since the drift is a DC component which is not passed by the AC amplifier. This makes the entire A/D converter extremely insensitive to temperature, long term drift and input offset errors. Figure 4 shows a typical error curve for the ADC0808 as measured using the procedures outlined in AN-179. 5 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 567202 FIGURE 1. Resistor Ladder and Switch Tree 567213 567214 FIGURE 2. 3-Bit A/D Transfer Curve FIGURE 3. 3-Bit A/D Absolute Accuracy Curve 567215 FIGURE 4. Typical Error Curve www.national.com 6 ADC0808/ADC0809 Timing Diagram 567204 FIGURE 5. 7 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 Typical Performance Characteristics 567216 FIGURE 6. Comparator IIN vs. VIN (VCC=VREF=5V) 567217 FIGURE 7. Multiplexer RON vs. VIN (VCC=VREF=5V) www.national.com 8 ADC0808/ADC0809 TRI-STATE Test Circuits and Timing Diagrams t1H, tH1 t0H, tH0 567218 567221 t1H, CL = 10 pF t0H, CL = 10 pF 567219 567222 tH1, CL = 50 pF tH0, CL = 50 pF 567220 567223 FIGURE 8. Applications Information OPERATION 1.0 RATIOMETRIC CONVERSION The ADC0808, ADC0809 is designed as a complete Data Acquisition System (DAS) for ratiometric conversion systems. In ratiometric systems, the physical variable being measured is expressed as a percentage of full-scale which is not necessarily related to an absolute standard. The voltage input to the ADC0808 is expressed by the equation the transducers can be connected directly across the supply and their outputs connected directly into the multiplexer inputs, (Figure 9). Ratiometric transducers such as potentiometers, strain gauges, thermistor bridges, pressure transducers, etc., are suitable for measuring proportional relationships; however, many types of measurements must be referred to an absolute standard such as voltage or current. This means a system reference must be used which relates the full-scale voltage to the standard volt. For example, if VCC=VREF=5.12V, then the full-scale range is divided into 256 standard steps. The smallest standard step is 1 LSB which is then 20 mV. 2.0 RESISTOR LADDER LIMITATIONS The voltages from the resistor ladder are compared to the selected into 8 times in a conversion. These voltages are coupled to the comparator via an analog switch tree which is referenced to the supply. The voltages at the top, center and bottom of the ladder must be controlled to maintain proper operation. The top of the ladder, Ref(+), should not be more positive than the supply, and the bottom of the ladder, Ref(−), should not be more negative than ground. The center of the ladder voltage must also be near the center of the supply because the analog switch tree changes from N-channel switches to Pchannel switches. These limitations are automatically satisfied in ratiometric systems and can be easily met in ground referenced systems. (1) VIN= Input voltage into the ADC0808 Vfs= Full-scale voltage VZ= Zero voltage DX= Data point being measured DMAX= Maximum data limit DMIN= Minimum data limit A good example of a ratiometric transducer is a potentiometer used as a position sensor. The position of the wiper is directly proportional to the output voltage which is a ratio of the fullscale voltage across it. Since the data is represented as a proportion of full-scale, reference requirements are greatly reduced, eliminating a large source of error and cost for many applications. A major advantage of the ADC0808, ADC0809 is that the input voltage range is equal to the supply range so 9 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 Figure 10 shows a ground referenced system with a separate supply and reference. In this system, the supply must be trimmed to match the reference voltage. For instance, if a 5.12V is used, the supply should be adjusted to the same voltage within 0.1V. 567207 FIGURE 9. Ratiometric Conversion System The ADC0808 needs less than a milliamp of supply current so developing the supply from the reference is readily accomplished. In Figure 11 a ground referenced system is shown which generates the supply from the reference. The buffer shown can be an op amp of sufficient drive to supply the milliamp of supply current and the desired bus drive, or if a capacitive bus is driven by the outputs a large capacitor will supply the transient supply current as seen in Figure 12. The LM301 is overcompensated to insure stability when loaded by the 10 μF output capacitor. The top and bottom ladder voltages cannot exceed VCC and ground, respectively, but they can be symmetrically less than VCC and greater than ground. The center of the ladder voltage should always be near the center of the supply. The sensitivity of the converter can be increased, (i.e., size of the LSB steps decreased) by using a symmetrical reference system. In Figure 13, a 2.5V reference is symmetrically centered about VCC/2 since the same current flows in identical resistors. This system with a 2.5V reference allows the LSB bit to be half the size of a 5V reference system. 567224 FIGURE 10. Ground Referenced Conversion System Using Trimmed Supply www.national.com 10 ADC0808/ADC0809 567225 FIGURE 11. Ground Referenced Conversion System with Reference Generating VCC Supply 567226 FIGURE 12. Typical Reference and Supply Circuit 11 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 567227 RA=RB *Ratiometric transducers FIGURE 13. Symmetrically Centered Reference 3.0 CONVERTER EQUATIONS The transition between adjacent codes N and N+1 is given by: VREF(+)÷512) 4.0 ANALOG COMPARATOR INPUTS The dynamic comparator input current is caused by the periodic switching of on-chip stray capacitances. These are connected alternately to the output of the resistor ladder/switch tree network and to the comparator input as part of the operation of the chopper stabilized comparator. The average value of the comparator input current varies directly with clock frequency and with VIN as shown in Figure 6. If no filter capacitors are used at the analog inputs and the signal source impedances are low, the comparator input current should not introduce converter errors, as the transient created by the capacitance discharge will die out before the comparator output is strobed. If input filter capacitors are desired for noise reduction and signal conditioning they will tend to average out the dynamic comparator input current. It will then take on the characteristics of a DC bias current whose effect can be predicted conventionally. (2) The center of an output code N is given by: (3) The output code N for an arbitrary input are the integers within the range: (4) Where: VIN=Voltage at comparator input VREF(+)=Voltage at Ref(+) VREF(−)=Voltage at Ref(−) VTUE=Total unadjusted error voltage (typically www.national.com 12 ADC0808/ADC0809 Typical Application 567210 *Address latches needed for 8085 and SC/MP interfacing the ADC0808 to a microprocessor TABLE 2. Microprocessor Interface Table PROCESSOR 8080 8085 Z-80 SC/MP 6800 READ MEMR RD RD NRDS VMA•φ2•R/W WRITE MEMW WR WR NWDS VMA•φ•R/W INTERRUPT (COMMENT) INTR (Thru RST Circuit) INTR (Thru RST Circuit) INT (Thru RST Circuit, Mode 0) SA (Thru Sense A) IRQA or IRQB (Thru PIA) 13 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number ADC0808CCN or ADC0809CCN NS Package Number N28B Molded Chip Carrier (V) Order Number ADC0808CCV or ADC0809CCV NS Package Number V28A www.national.com 14 ADC0808/ADC0809 15 www.national.com ADC0808/ADC0809 8-Bit μP Compatible A/D Converters with 8-Channel Multiplexer Notes THE CONTENTS OF THIS DOCUMENT ARE PROVIDED IN CONNECTION WITH NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION (“NATIONAL”) PRODUCTS. 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