COP688CL

COP688CL COP684CL COP888CL COP884CL COP988CL COP984CL 8-Bit Microcontroller September 1996 COP688CL COP684CL COP888CL COP884CL COP988CL COP984CL 8-Bit Microcontroller General Description The COP888 family of microcontrollers uses an 8-bit single chip core architecture fabricated with National Semiconductor’s M2CMOSTM process technology The COP888CL is a member of this expandable 8-bit core processor family of microcontrollers (Continued) Y Packages 44 PLCC with 40 I O pins 40 DIP with 36 I O pins 28 DIP with 24 I O pins 28 SO with 24 I O pins CPU Instruction Set Feature Y Y Key Features Y Y Y Two 16-bit timers each with two 16-bit registers supporting Processor Independent PWM mode External Event counter mode Input Capture mode 4 kbytes of on-chip ROM 128 bytes of on-chip RAM Y Y Y Additional Peripheral Features Y Y Y Y Idle Timer Multi-input Wake Up (MIWU) with optional interrupts (8) WATCHDOGTM and Clock Monitor logic MICROWIRE PLUSTM serial I O 1 ms instruction cycle time Ten multi-source vectored interrupts servicing External Interrupt with selectable edge Idle Timer T0 Timers (Each with 2 interrupts) MICROWIRE PLUS Multi-Input Wake Up Software Trap Default VIS (default interrupt) Versatile and easy to use instruction set 8-bit Stack Pointer (SP) stack in RAM Two 8-bit Register Indirect Data Memory Pointers (B X) Fully Static CMOS Y Y Y I O Features Y Y Y Y Memory mapped I O Software selectable I O options (TRI-STATE Output Push-Pull Output Weak Pull-Up Input High Impedance Input) High current outputs Schmitt trigger inputs on port G Low current drain (typically k 1 mA) Single supply operation 2 5V to 6 0V Temperature ranges 0 C to a 70 C b40 C to a 85 C b 55 C to a 125 C Development Support Y Y Emulation and OTP devices Real time emulation and full program debug offered by MetaLink Development System Block Diagram TL DD 9766 – 1 FIGURE 1 Block Diagram TRI-STATE is a registered trademark of National Semiconductor Corporation MICROWIRE PLUSTM M2CMOSTM COPSTM microcontrollers WATCHDOGTM and MICROWIRETM are trademarks of National Semiconductor Corporation iceMASTERTM is a trademark of MetaLink Corporation C1996 National Semiconductor Corporation TL DD 9766 RRD-B30M96 Printed in U S A http www national com General Description (Continued) It is a fully static part fabricated using double-metal silicon gate microCMOS technology Features include an 8-bit memory mapped architecture MICROWIRE PLUS serial I O two 16-bit timer counters supporting three modes (Processor Independent PWM generation External Event counter and Input Capture mode capabilities) and two power savings modes (HALT and IDLE) both with a multisourced wakeup interrupt capability This multi-sourced interrupt capability may also be used independent of the HALT or IDLE modes Each I O pin has software selectable configurations The device operates over a voltage range of 2 5V to 6V High throughput is achieved with an efficient regular instruction set operating at a maximum of 1 ms per instruction rate Connection Diagrams Plastic Chip Carrier Dual-In-Line Package TL DD 9766–2 Top View Order Number COP688CL-XXX V COP888CL-XXX V COP988CL-XXX V or COP988CLH-XXX V See NS Plastic Chip Package Number V44A TL DD 9766 – 4 Top View Order Number COP688CL-XXX N COP888CL-XXX N COP988CL-XXX N or COP988CLH-XXX N See NS Molded Package Number N40A Dual-In-Line Package Order Number COP688CL-XXX N COP884CL-XXX N COP984CL-XXX N or COP984CLH-XXX N See NS Molded Package Number N28B Order Number COP684CL-XXX WM COP884CL-XXX WM COP984CL-XXX WM or COP984CLHXXX WM See NS Surface Mount Package Number M28B TL DD 9766–5 Top View FIGURE 2 Connection Diagrams http www national com 2 Connection Diagrams (Continued) Pinouts for 28- 40- and 44-Pin Packages Port L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 G0 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 D0 D1 D2 D3 I0 I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 I6 I7 D4 D5 D6 D7 C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 Unused Unused VCC GND CKI RESET e On the 40-pin package Pins 15 and 16 must be connected to GND Type I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O Alt Fun MIWU MIWU MIWU MIWU MIWU MIWU MIWU MIWU INT T1B T1A SO SK SI HALT RESTART Alt Fun 28-Pin Pack 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 25 26 27 28 1 2 3 4 19 20 21 22 7 8 40-Pin Pack 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 35 36 37 38 3 4 5 6 25 26 27 28 9 10 11 12 13 14 44-Pin Pack 17 18 19 20 25 26 27 28 39 40 41 42 3 4 5 6 29 30 31 32 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 33 34 35 36 43 44 1 2 21 22 23 24 T2A T2B IO WDOUT IO IO IO IO I I CKO O O O O I I I I I I I I O O O O I I I I I I I I O O O O O O O O 9 10 29 30 31 32 39 40 1 2 6 23 5 24 16 15 8 33 7 34 8 37 7 38 3 http www national com Absolute Maximum Ratings If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage at Any Pin Total Current into VCC Pin (Source) 7V b 0 3V to VCC a 0 3V 100 mA Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink) Storage Temperature Range 110 mA b 65 C to a 140 C Note Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings 0 C s TA s a 70 C unless otherwise specified Min 25 40 Typ Max 40 60 0 1 VCC 12 5 25 k0 7 k0 4 DC Electrical Characteristics COP98XCL Parameter Operating Voltage COP98XCL COP98XCLH Power Supply Ripple (Note 1) Supply Current (Note 2) CKI e 10 MHz CKI e 4 MHz HALT Current (Note 3) IDLE Current CKI e 10 MHz Input Levels RESET Logic High Logic Low CKI (External and Crystal Osc Modes) Logic High Logic Low All Other Inputs Logic High Logic Low Hi-Z Input Leakage Input Pullup Current G and L Port Input Hysteresis Output Current Levels D Outputs Source Sink All Others Source (Weak Pull-Up Mode) Source (Push-Pull Mode) Sink (Push-Pull Mode) VCC e 6V Peak-to-Peak Conditions Units V V V mA mA mA mA mA VCC e 6V tc e 1 ms VCC e 4V tc e 2 5 ms VCC e 6V CKI e 0 MHz VCC e 4V CKI e 0 MHz VCC e 6V tc e 1 ms 8 5 35 0 8 VCC 0 2 VCC 0 7 VCC 0 2 VCC 0 7 VCC 0 2 VCC b1 b 40 a1 b 250 V V V V V V mA mA V VCC e 6V VIN e 0V 0 35 VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC e e e e e e e e e e 4V VOH e 3 3V 2 5V VOH e 1 8V 4V VOL e 1V 2 5V VOL e 0 4V 4V VOH e 2 7V 2 5V VOH e 1 8V 4V VOH e 3 3V 2 5V VOH e 1 8V 4V VOL e 0 4V 2 5V VOL e 0 4V b0 4 b0 2 10 20 b 10 b2 5 b0 4 b0 2 b 100 b 33 mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA 16 07 Note 1 Rate of voltage change must be less then 0 5 V ms Note 2 Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input CKO open inputs at rails and outputs open Note 3 The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations Test conditions All inputs tied to VCC L and G0–G5 configured as outputs and set high The D port set to zero The clock monitor is disabled http www national com 4 DC Electrical Characteristics 0 C s TA s a 70 C unless otherwise specified (Continued) Parameter TRI-STATE Leakage Allowable Sink Source Current per Pin D Outputs (Sink) All others Maximum Input Current without Latchup (Note 4) RAM Retention Voltage Vr Input Capacitance Load Capacitance on D2 TA e 25 C 500 ns Rise and Fall Time (Min) Conditions VCC e 6 0V Min b1 Typ Max a1 Units mA 15 3 g 100 mA mA mA V 2 7 1000 pF pF AC Electrical Characteristics 0 C s TA s a 70 C unless otherwise specified Parameter Instruction Cycle Time (tc) Crystal or Resonator R C Oscillator Inputs tSETUP tHOLD Output Propagation Delay (Note 5) tPD1 tPD0 SO SK All Others MICROWIRETM Setup Time (tUWS) MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH) MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD) Input Pulse Width Interrupt Input High Time Interrupt Input Low Time Timer Input High Time Timer Input Low Time Reset Pulse Width Conditions 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V RL e 2 2k CL e 100 pF 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 20 56 220 1 1 1 1 1 07 1 75 1 25 ms ms ms ms ns ns ns tc tc tc tc ms Min 1 25 3 75 200 500 60 150 Typ Max DC DC DC DC Units ms ms ms ms ns ns ns ns Note 4 Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network for factory testing These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC) The effective resistance to VCC is 750X (typical) These two pins will not latch up The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V Note 5 The output propagation delay is referenced to the end of the instruction cycle where the output change occurs 5 http www national com Absolute Maximum Ratings If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage at Any Pin Total Current into VCC Pin (Source) 7V b 0 3V to VCC a 0 3V 100 mA Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink) Storage Temperature Range 110 mA b 65 C to a 140 C Note Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings b 40 C s TA s a 85 C unless otherwise specified DC Electrical Characteristics COP88XCL Parameter Operating Voltage Power Supply Ripple (Note 1) Supply Current (Note 2) CKI e 10 MHz CKI e 4 MHz HALT Current (Note 3) IDLE Current CKI e 10 MHz Input Levels RESET Logic High Logic Low CKI (External and Crystal Osc Modes) Logic High Logic Low All Other Inputs Logic High Logic Low Hi-Z Input Leakage Input Pullup Current G and L Port Input Hysteresis Output Current Levels D Outputs Source Sink All Others Source (Weak Pull-Up Mode) Source (Push-Pull Mode) Sink (Push-Pull Mode) TRI-STATE Leakage VCC e 6V Peak-to-Peak Conditions Min 25 Typ Max 6 0 1 VCC 12 5 25 Units V V mA mA mA mA VCC e 6V tc e 1 ms VCC e 4V tc e 2 5 ms VCC e 6V CKI e 0 MHz VCC e 6V tc e 1 ms k1 10 35 0 8 VCC 0 2 VCC 0 7 VCC 0 2 VCC 0 7 VCC 0 2 VCC b1 b 40 a1 b 250 V V V V V V mA mA V VCC e 6V VIN e 0V 0 35 VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC VCC e e e e e e e e e e 4V VOH e 3 3V 2 5V VOH e 1 8V 4V VOL e 1V 2 5V VOL e 0 4V 4V VOH e 2 7V 2 5V VOH e 1 8V 4V VOH e 3 3V 2 5V VOH e 1 8V 4V VOL e 0 4V 2 5V VOL e 0 4V b0 4 b0 2 10 20 b 10 b2 5 b0 4 b0 2 b 100 b 33 mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA mA 16 07 b2 a2 VCC e 6 0V Note 1 Rate of voltage change must be less then 0 5 V ms Note 2 Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input CKO open inputs at rails and outputs open Note 3 The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations Test conditions All inputs tied to VCC L and G0–G5 configured as outputs and set high The D port set to zero The clock monitor is disabled http www national com 6 DC Electrical Characteristics b40 C s TA s a 85 C unless otherwise specified (Continued) Parameter Allowable Sink Source Current per Pin D Outputs (Sink) All others Maximum Input Current without Latchup (Note 4) RAM Retention Voltage Vr Input Capacitance Load Capacitance on D2 TA e 25 C 500 ns Rise and Fall Time (Min) Conditions Min Typ Max Units 15 3 g 100 mA mA mA V 2 7 1000 pF pF AC Electrical Characteristics b40 C s TA s a 85 C unless otherwise specified Parameter Instruction Cycle Time (tc) Crystal or Resonator R C Oscillator Inputs tSETUP tHOLD Output Propagation Delay (Note 5) tPD1 tPD0 SO SK All Others MICROWIRE Setup Time (tUWS) MICROWIRE Hold Time (tUWH) MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD) Input Pulse Width Interrupt Input High Time Interrupt Input Low Time Timer Input High Time Timer Input Low Time Reset Pulse Width Conditions 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V RL e 2 2k CL e 100 pF 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 4V s VCC s 6V 2 5V s VCC k 4V 20 56 220 1 1 1 1 1 07 1 75 1 25 ms ms ms ms ns ns ns tc tc tc tc ms Min 1 25 3 75 200 500 60 150 Typ Max DC DC DC DC Units ms ms ms ms ns ns ns ns Note 4 Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network for factory testing These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC) The effective resistance to VCC is 750X (typical) These two pins will not latch up The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V Note 5 The output propagation delay is referenced to the end of the instruction cycle where the output change occurs 7 http www national com Electrical Specifications DC ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS COP688CL Absolute Specifications Supply Voltage (VCC) Voltage at Any Pin Total Current into VCC Pin (Source) Total Current out of GND Pin (Sink) Storage Temperature Range 7V b 0 3V to VCC a 0 3V Note Absolute maximum ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur DC and AC electrical specifications are not ensured when operating the device at absolute maximum ratings 90 mA 100 mA b 65 C to a 150 C b 55 C s TA s a 125 C unless otherwise specified DC Electrical Characteristics COP68XCL Parameter Operating Voltage Power Supply Ripple (Note 1) Supply Current (Note 2) CKI e 10 MHz CKI e 4 MHz HALT Current (Note 3) IDLE Current CKI e 10 MHz CKI e 4 MHz Input Levels RESET Logic High Logic Low CKI (External and Crystal Osc Modes) Logic High Logic Low All Other Inputs Logic High Logic Low Hi-Z Input Leakage Input Pullup Current G and L Port Input Hysteresis Output Current Levels D Outputs Source Sink All Others Source (Weak Pull-Up Mode) Source (Push-Pull Mode) Sink (Push-Pull Mode) TRI-STATE Leakage VCC e 5 5V Peak-to-Peak Conditions Min 45 Typ Max 55 0 1 VCC 12 5 55 Units V V mA mA mA mA mA VCC e 5 5V tc e 1 ms VCC e 5 5V tc e 2 5 ms VCC e 5 5V CKI e 0 MHz VCC e 5 5V tc e 1 ms VCC e 5 5V tc e 2 5 ms k 10 30 35 25 0 8 VCC 0 2 VCC 0 7 VCC 0 2 VCC 0 7 VCC 0 2 VCC b5 b 35 a5 b 400 V V V V V V mA mA V VCC e 5 5V VIN e 0V 0 35 VCC VCC e 4 5V VOH e 3 8V VCC e 4 5V VOL e 1 0V VCC VCC VCC VCC e e e e b0 4 9 b9 0 b0 4 b 140 mA mA mA mA mA mA 4 5V VOH e 3 8V 4 5V VOH e 3 8V 4 5V VOL e 0 4V 5 5V 14 b5 0 a5 0 Note 1 Rate of voltage change must be less then 0 5 V ms Note 2 Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input CKO open inputs at rails and outputs open Note 3 The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations Test conditions All inputs tied to VCC L and G0–G5 configured as outputs and set high The D port set to zero The clock monitor is disabled http www national com 8 DC Electrical Characteristics b55 C s TA s a 25 C unless otherwise specified (Continued) Parameter Allowable Sink Source Current per Pin D Outputs (Sink) All others Maximum Input Current without Latchup (Note 4) RAM Retention Voltage Vr Input Capacitance Load Capacitance on D2 Note 1 Rate of voltage change must be less then 0 5 V ms Note 2 Supply current is measured after running 2000 cycles with a square wave CKI input CKO open inputs at rails and outputs open Note 3 The HALT mode will stop CKI from oscillating in the RC and the Crystal configurations Test conditions All inputs tied to VCC L and G ports in the TRISTATE mode and tied to ground all outputs low and tied to ground The Clock Monitor and the comparators are disabled Conditions Min Typ Max Units 12 25 150 500 ns Rise and Fall Time (Min) 20 7 1000 mA mA mA V pF pF AC Specifications for COP688CL AC Electrical Characteristics b55 C s TA s a 125 C unless otherwise specified Parameter Instruction Cycle Time (tc) Crystal Resonator or External Oscillator R C Oscillator (div-by 10) Inputs tSETUP tHOLD Output Propagation Delay (Note 5) tPD1 tPD0 SO SK All Others MICROWIRE Setup Time (tUWS) MICROWIRE Hold Time(tUWH) MICROWIRE Output Propagation Delay (tUPD) Input Pulse Width Interrupt Input High Time Interrupt Input Low Time Timer Input High Time Timer Input Low Time Reset Pulse Width Conditions VCC t 4 5V VCC t 4 5V VCC t 4 5V VCC t 4 5V RL e 2 2k CL e 100 pF VCC t 4 5V VCC t 4 5V 20 56 220 1 1 1 1 1 07 1 ms ms ns ns ns tc tc tc tc ms Min Typ Max Units 1 3 200 60 DC DC ms ms ns ns Note 4 Pins G6 and RESET are designed with a high voltage input network for factory testing These pins allow input voltages greater than VCC and the pins will have sink current to VCC when biased at voltages greater than VCC (the pins do not have source current when biased at a voltage below VCC) The effective resistance to VCC is 750X (typical) These two pins will not latch up The voltage at the pins must be limited to less than 14V Note 5 The output propagation delay is referenced to the end of the instruction cycle where the output change occurs 9 http www national com Typical Performance Characteristics (b40 C s TA s a 85 C) Halt IDD Idle IDD (Crystal Clock Option) TL DD 9766–27 TL DD 9766 – 28 Dynamic IDD vs VCC (Crystal Clock Option) Port L C G Weak Pull-Up Source Current TL DD 9766–29 TL DD 9766 – 30 Port L C G Push-Pull Source Current Port L C G Push-Pull Sink Current TL DD 9766–31 TL DD 9766 – 32 Port D Source Current Port D Sink Current TL DD 9766–33 TL DD 9766 – 34 http www national com 10 AC Electrical Characteristics (Continued) PORT L is an 8-bit I O port All L-pins have Schmitt triggers on the inputs Port L supports Multi-Input Wakeup (MIWU) on all eight pins L4 and L5 are used for the timer input functions T2A and T2B Port L has the following alternate features L0 MIWU L1 MIWU L2 MIWU L3 MIWU L4 MIWU or T2A L5 MIWU or T2B L6 MIWU L7 MIWU Port G is an 8-bit port with 5 I O pins (G0 G2 – G5) an input pin (G6) and two dedicated output pins (G1 and G7) Pins G0 and G2 – G6 all have Schmitt Triggers on their inputs Pin G1 serves as the dedicated WDOUT WATCHDOG output while pin G7 is either input or output depending on the oscillator mask option selected With the crystal oscillator option selected G7 serves as the dedicated output pin for the CKO clock output With the single-pin R C oscillator mask option selected G7 serves as a general purpose input pin but is also used to bring the device out of HALT mode with a low to high transition There are two registers associated with the G Port a data register and a configuration register Therefore each of the 5 I O bits (G0 G2 – G5) can be individually configured under software control Since G6 is an input only pin and G7 is the dedicated CKO clock output pin or general purpose input (R C clock configuration) the associated bits in the data and configuration registers for G6 and G7 are used for special purpose functions as outlined below Reading the G6 and G7 data bits will return zeros Note that the chip will be placed in the HALT mode by writing a ‘‘1’’ to bit 7 of the Port G Data Register Similarly the chip will be placed in the IDLE mode by writing a ‘‘1’’ to bit 6 of the Port G Data Register Writing a ‘‘1’’ to bit 6 of the Port G Configuration Register enables the MICROWIRE PLUS to operate with the alternate phase of the SK clock The G7 configuration bit if set high enables the clock start up delay after HALT when the R C clock configuration is used Config Reg G7 G6 CLKDLY Alternate SK Data Reg HALT IDLE TL DD 9766 – 26 FIGURE 2 MICROWIRE PLUS Timing Pin Descriptions VCC and GND are the power supply pins CKI is the clock input This can come from an R C generated oscillator or a crystal oscillator (in conjunction with CKO) See Oscillator Description section RESET is the master reset input See Reset Description section The device contains three bidirectional 8-bit I O ports (C G and L) where each individual bit may be independently configured as an input (Schmitt trigger inputs on ports G and L) output or TRI-STATE under program control Three data memory address locations are allocated for each of these I O ports Each I O port has two associated 8-bit memory mapped registers the CONFIGURATION register and the output DATA register A memory mapped address is also reserved for the input pins of each I O port (See the memory map for the various addresses associated with the I O ports ) Figure 3 shows the I O port configurations The DATA and CONFIGURATION registers allow for each port bit to be individually configured under software control as shown below CONFIGURATION Register 0 0 1 1 DATA Register 0 1 0 1 Port Set-Up Hi-Z Input (TRI-STATE Output) Input with Weak Pull-Up Push-Pull Zero Output Push-Pull One Output Port G has the following alternate features G0 INTR (External Interrupt Input) G2 T1B (Timer T1 Capture Input) G3 T1A (Timer T1 I O) G4 SO (MICROWIRETM Serial Data Output) G5 SK (MICROWIRE Serial Clock) G6 SI (MICROWIRE Serial Data Input) TL DD 9766 – 6 FIGURE 3 I O Port Configurations 11 http www national com Pin Descriptions (Continued) Port G has the following dedicated functions WDOUT WATCHDOG and or Clock Monitor dedicated output G7 CKO Oscillator dedicated output or general purpose input Port C is an 8-bit I O port The 40-pin device does not have a full complement of Port C pins The unavailable pins are not terminated A read operation for these unterminated pins will return unpredictable values Port I is an 8-bit Hi-Z input port The 40-pin device does not have a full complement of Port I pins Pins 15 and 16 on this package must be connected to GND The 28-pin device has four I pins (I0 I1 I4 I5) The user should pay attention when reading port I to the fact that I4 and I5 are in bit positions 4 and 5 rather than 2 and 3 The unavailable pins (I4–I7) are not terminated i e they are floating A read operation for these unterminated pins will return unpredictable values The user must ensure that the software takes into account by either masking or restricting the accesses to bit operations The unterminated port I pins will draw power only when addressed Port D is an 8-bit output port that is preset high when RESET goes low The user can tie two or more D port outputs (except D2) together in order to get a higher drive Note Care must be exercised with the D2 pin operation At RESET the external loads on this pin must ensure that the output voltages stay above 0 8 VCC to prevent the chip from entering special modes Also keep the external loading on D2 to less than 1000 pF G1 tables for the LAID instruction jump vectors for the JID instruction and interrupt vectors for the VIS instruction) The program memory is addressed by the 15-bit program counter (PC) All interrupts vector to program memory location 0FF Hex DATA MEMORY The data memory address space includes the on-chip RAM and data registers the I O registers (Configuration Data and Pin) the control registers the MICROWIRE PLUS SIO shift register and the various registers and counters associated with the timers (with the exception of the IDLE timer) Data memory is addressed directly by the instruction or indirectly by the B X and SP pointers The device has 128 bytes of RAM Sixteen bytes of RAM are mapped as ‘‘registers’’ at addresses 0F0 to 0FF Hex These registers can be loaded immediately and also decremented and tested with the DRSZ (decrement register and skip if zero) instruction The memory pointer registers X SP and B are memory mapped into this space at address locations 0FC to 0FE Hex respectively with the other registers (other than reserved register 0FF) being available for general usage The instruction set permits any bit in memory to be set reset or tested All I O and registers (except A and PC) are memory mapped therefore I O bits and register bits can be directly and individually set reset and tested The accumulator (A) bits can also be directly and individually tested Note RAM contents are undefined upon power-up Reset The RESET input when pulled low initializes the microcontroller Initialization will occur whenever the RESET input is pulled low Upon initialization the data and configuration registers for Ports L G and C are cleared resulting in these Ports being initialized to the TRI-STATE mode Pin G1 of the G Port is an exception (as noted below) since pin G1 is dedicated as the WATCHDOG and or Clock Monitor error output pin Port D is initialized high with RESET The PC PSW CNTRL ICNTRL and T2CNTRL control registers are cleared The Multi-Input Wakeup registers WKEN WKEDG and WKPND are cleared The Stack Pointer SP is initialized to 06F Hex The device comes out of reset with both the WATCHDOG logic and the Clock Monitor detector armed and with both the WATCHDOG service window bits set and the Clock Monitor bit set The WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor detector circuits are inhibited during reset The WATCHDOG service window bits are initialized to the maximum WATCHDOG service window of 64k tc clock cycles The Clock Monitor bit is initialized high and will cause a Clock Monitor error following reset if the clock has not reached the minimum specified frequency at the termination of reset A Clock Monitor error will cause an active low error output on pin G1 This error output will continue until 16 – 32 tc clock cycles following the clock frequency reaching the minimum specified value at which time the G1 output will enter the TRI-STATE mode The external RC network shown in Figure 4 should be used to ensure that the RESET pin is held low until the power supply to the chip stabilizes Functional Description The architecture of the device is modified Harvard architecture With the Harvard architecture the control store program memory (ROM) is separated from the data store memory (RAM) Both ROM and RAM have their own separate addressing space with separate address buses The architecture though based on Harvard architecture permits transfer of data from ROM to RAM CPU REGISTERS The CPU can do an 8-bit addition subtraction logical or shift operation in one instruction (tc) cycle time There are five CPU registers A is the 8-bit Accumulator Register PC is the 15-bit Program Counter Register PU is the upper 7 bits of the program counter (PC) PL is the lower 8 bits of the program counter (PC) B is an 8-bit RAM address pointer which can be optionally post auto incremented or decremented X is an 8-bit alternate RAM address pointer which can be optionally post auto incremented or decremented SP is the 8-bit stack pointer which points to the subroutine interrupt stack (in RAM) The SP is initialized to RAM address 06F with reset All the CPU registers are memory mapped with the exception of the Accumulator (A) and the Program Counter (PC) PROGRAM MEMORY Program memory consists of 4096 bytes of ROM These bytes may hold program instructions or constant data (data http www national com 12 Reset (Continued) TABLE A Crystal Oscillator Configuration TA e 25 C R1 (kX) 0 0 0 R2 (MX) 1 1 1 C1 (pF) 30 30 200 C2 (pF) 30 – 36 30 – 36 100 – 150 CKI Freq (MHz) 10 4 0 455 Conditions VCC e 5V VCC e 5 0V VCC e 5V TABLE B RC Oscillator Configuration TA e 25 C TL DD 9766 – 7 RC l 5 c Power Supply Rise Time R (kX) 33 56 68 C (pF) 82 100 100 CKI Freq (MHz) 2 2 to 2 7 1 1 to 1 3 0 9 to 1 1 Instr Cycle (ms) 3 7 to 4 6 7 4 to 9 0 8 8 to 10 8 Conditions VCC e 5V VCC e 5V VCC e 5V FIGURE 4 Recommended Reset Circuit Oscillator Circuits The chip can be driven by a clock input on the CKI input pin which can be between DC and 10 MHz The CKO output clock is on pin G7 (crystal configuration) The CKI input frequency is divided down by 10 to produce the instruction cycle clock (1 tc) Figure 5 shows the Crystal and R C diagrams CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR CKI and CKO can be connected to make a closed loop crystal (or resonator) controlled oscillator Table A shows the component values required for various standard crystal values R C OSCILLATOR By selecting CKI as a single pin oscillator input a single pin R C oscillator circuit can be connected to it CKO is available as a general purpose input and or HALT restart pin Table B shows the variation in the oscillator frequencies as functions of the component (R and C) values Note 3k s R s 200k 50 pF s C s 200 pF Control Registers CNTRL Register (Address X 00EE) The Timer1 (T1) and MICROWIRE PLUS control register contains the following bits SL1 SL0 Select the MICROWIRE PLUS clock divide by (00 e 2 01 e 4 1x e 8) IEDG External interrupt edge polarity select (0 e Rising edge 1 e Falling edge) MSEL Selects G5 and G4 as MICROWIRE PLUS signals SK and SO respectively TL DD 9766 – 9 TL DD 9766–8 FIGURE 5 Crystal and R C Oscillator Diagrams 13 http www national com Control Registers (Continued) T1C0 Timer T1 Start Stop control in timer modes 1 and 2 Timer T1 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in timer mode 3 Timer T1 mode control bit Timer T1 mode control bit Timer T1 mode control bit SL1 SL0 Bit 0 mWEN T0EN T0PND LPEN Enable MICROWIRE PLUS interrupt Timer T0 Interrupt Enable (Bit 12 toggle) Timer T0 Interrupt pending L Port Interrupt Enable (Multi-Input Wakeup Interrupt) Bit 7 could be used as a flag mWPND MICROWIRE PLUS interrupt pending T1C1 T1C2 T1C3 T1C3 T1C2 T1C1 T1C0 MSEL IEDG Bit 7 Unused LPEN T0PND T0EN mWPND mWEN T1PNDB T1ENB Bit 7 Bit 0 PSW Register (Address X 00EF) The PSW register contains the following select bits GIE Global interrupt enable (enables interrupts) EXEN Enable external interrupt BUSY MICROWIRE PLUS busy shifting flag EXPND External interrupt pending T1ENA Timer T1 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T1A Input capture edge T1PNDA Timer T1 Interrupt Pending Flag (Autoreload RA in mode 1 T1 Underflow in Mode 2 T1A capture edge in mode 3) C Carry Flag HC Half Carry Flag HC Bit 7 C T1PNDA T1ENA EXPND BUSY EXEN GIE Bit 0 T2CNTRL Register (Address X 00C6) The T2CNTRL register contains the following bits T2ENB Timer T2 Interrupt Enable for T2B Input capture edge T2PNDB Timer T2 Interrupt Pending Flag for T2B capture edge T2ENA Timer T2 Interrupt Enable for Timer Underflow or T2A Input capture edge T2PNDA Timer T2 Interrupt Pending Flag (Autoreload RA in mode 1 T2 Underflow in mode 2 T2A capture edge in mode 3) T2C0 Timer T2 Start Stop control in timer modes 1 and 2 Timer T2 Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in timer mode 3 T2C1 Timer T2 mode control bit T2C2 Timer T2 mode control bit T2C3 Timer T2 mode control bit T2C3 T2C2 T2C1 T2C0 T2PNDA T2ENA T2PNDB T2ENB Bit 7 Bit 0 The Half-Carry bit is also affected by all the instructions that affect the Carry flag The SC (Set Carry) and RC (Reset Carry) instructions will respectively set or clear both the carry flags In addition to the SC and RC instructions ADC SUBC RRC and RLC instructions affect the carry and Half Carry flags ICNTRL Register (Address X 00E8) The ICNTRL register contains the following bits T1ENB Timer T1 Interrupt Enable for T1B Input capture edge T1PNDB Timer T1 Interrupt Pending Flag for T1B capture edge Timers The device contains a very versatile set of timers (T0 T1 T2) All timers and associated autoreload capture registers power up containing random data Figure 6 shows a block diagram for the timers http www national com 14 Timers (Continued) TL DD 9766 – 11 FIGURE 6 Timers TIMER T0 (IDLE TIMER) The device supports applications that require maintaining real time and low power with the IDLE mode This IDLE mode support is furnished by the IDLE timer T0 which is a 16-bit timer The Timer T0 runs continuously at the fixed rate of the instruction cycle clock tc The user cannot read or write to the IDLE Timer T0 which is a count down timer The Timer T0 supports the following functions Exit out of the Idle Mode (See Idle Mode description) WATCHDOG logic (See WATCHDOG description) Start up delay out of the HALT mode The IDLE Timer T0 can generate an interrupt when the thirteenth bit toggles This toggle is latched into the T0PND pending flag and will occur every 4 ms at the maximum clock frequency (tc e 1 ms) A control flag T0EN allows the interrupt from the thirteenth bit of Timer T0 to be enabled or disabled Setting T0EN will enable the interrupt while resetting it will disable the interrupt TIMER T1 AND TIMER T2 The device has a set of two powerful timer counter blocks T1 and T2 The associated features and functioning of a timer block are described by referring to the timer block Tx Since the two timer blocks T1 and T2 are identical all comments are equally applicable to either timer block Each timer block consists of a 16-bit timer Tx and two supporting 16-bit autoreload capture registers RxA and RxB Each timer block has two pins associated with it TxA and TxB The pin TxA supports I O required by the timer block while the pin TxB is an input to the timer block The powerful and flexible timer block allows the device to easily perform all timer functions with minimal software overhead The timer block has three operating modes Processor Independent PWM mode External Event Counter mode and Input Capture mode The control bits TxC3 TxC2 and TxC1 allow selection of the different modes of operation Mode 1 Processor Independent PWM Mode As the name suggests this mode allows the device to generate a PWM signal with very minimal user intervention The user only has to define the parameters of the PWM signal (ON time and OFF time) Once begun the timer block will continuously generate the PWM signal completely independent of the microcontroller The user software services the timer block only when the PWM parameters require updating In this mode the timer Tx counts down at a fixed rate of tc Upon every underflow the timer is alternately reloaded with the contents of supporting registers RxA and RxB The very first underflow of the timer causes the timer to reload from the register RxA Subsequent underflows cause the timer to be reloaded from the registers alternately beginning with the register RxB The Tx Timer control bits TxC3 TxC2 and TxC1 set up the timer for PWM mode operation Figure 7 shows a block diagram of the timer in PWM mode 15 http www national com Timers (Continued) TL DD 9766 – 13 FIGURE 7 Timer in PWM Mode The underflows can be programmed to toggle the TxA output pin The underflows can also be programmed to generate interrupts Underflows from the timer are alternately latched into two pending flags TxPNDA and TxPNDB The user must reset these pending flags under software control Two control enable flags TxENA and TxENB allow the interrupts from the timer underflow to be enabled or disabled Setting the timer enable flag TxENA will cause an interrupt when a timer underflow causes the RxA register to be reloaded into the timer Setting the timer enable flag TxENB will cause an interrupt when a timer underflow causes the RxB register to be reloaded into the timer Resetting the timer enable flags will disable the associated interrupts Either or both of the timer underflow interrupts may be enabled This gives the user the flexibility of interrupting once per PWM period on either the rising or falling edge of the PWM output Alternatively the user may choose to interrupt on both edges of the PWM output Mode 2 External Event Counter Mode This mode is quite similar to the processor independent PWM mode described above The main difference is that the timer Tx is clocked by the input signal from the TxA pin The Tx timer control bits TxC3 TxC2 and TxC1 allow the timer to be clocked either on a positive or negative edge from the TxA pin Underflows from the timer are latched into the TxPNDA pending flag Setting the TxENA control flag will cause an interrupt when the timer underflows In this mode the input pin TxB can be used as an independent positive edge sensitive interrupt input if the TxENB control flag is set The occurrence of a positive edge on the TxB input pin is latched into the TxPNDB flag Figure 8 shows a block diagram of the timer in External Event Counter mode Note The PWM output is not available in this mode since the TxA pin is being used as the counter input clock TL DD 9766 – 14 FIGURE 8 Timer in External Event Counter Mode http www national com 16 Timers (Continued) Mode 3 Input Capture Mode The device can precisely measure external frequencies or time external events by placing the timer block Tx in the input capture mode In this mode the timer Tx is constantly running at the fixed tc rate The two registers RxA and RxB act as capture registers Each register acts in conjunction with a pin The register RxA acts in conjunction with the TxA pin and the register RxB acts in conjunction with the TxB pin The timer value gets copied over into the register when a trigger event occurs on its corresponding pin Control bits TxC3 TxC2 and TxC1 allow the trigger events to be specified either as a positive or a negative edge The trigger condition for each input pin can be specified independently The trigger conditions can also be programmed to generate interrupts The occurrence of the specified trigger condition on the TxA and TxB pins will be respectively latched into the pending flags TxPNDA and TxPNDB The control flag TxENA allows the interrupt on TxA to be either enabled or disabled Setting the TxENA flag enables interrupts to be generated when the selected trigger condition occurs on the TxA pin Similarly the flag TxENB controls the interrupts from the TxB pin Underflows from the timer can also be programmed to generate interrupts Underflows are latched into the timer TxC0 pending flag (the TxC0 control bit serves as the timer underflow interrupt pending flag in the Input Capture mode) Consequently the TxC0 control bit should be reset when entering the Input Capture mode The timer underflow interrupt is enabled with the TxENA control flag When a TxA interrupt occurs in the Input Capture mode the user must check both the TxPNDA and TxC0 pending flags in order to determine whether a TxA input capture or a timer underflow (or both) caused the interrupt Figure 9 shows a block diagram of the timer in Input Capture mode TIMER CONTROL FLAGS The timers T1 and T2 have indentical control structures The control bits and their functions are summarized below TxC0 Timer Start Stop control in Modes 1 and 2 (Processor Independent PWM and External Event Counter) where 1 e Start 0 e Stop Timer Underflow Interrupt Pending Flag in Mode 3 (Input Capture) TxPNDA Timer Interrupt Pending Flag TxPNDB Timer Interrupt Pending Flag TxENA Timer Interrupt Enable Flag TxENB Timer Interrupt Enable Flag 1 e Timer Interrupt Enabled 0 e Timer Interrupt Disabled TxC3 Timer mode control TxC2 Timer mode control TxC1 Timer mode control TL DD 9766 – 15 FIGURE 9 Timer in Input Capture Mode 17 http www national com Timers (Continued) The timer mode control bits (TxC3 TxC2 and TxC1) are detailed below TxC3 0 0 1 1 0 TxC2 0 0 0 0 1 TxC1 0 1 1 0 0 Timer Mode MODE 2 (External Event Counter) MODE 2 (External Event Counter) MODE 1 (PWM) TxA Toggle MODE 1 (PWM) No TxA Toggle MODE 3 (Capture) Captures TxA Pos Edge TxB Pos Edge MODE 3 (Capture) Captures TxA Pos Edge TxB Neg Edge MODE 3 (Capture) Captures TxA Neg Edge TxB Pos Edge MODE 3 (Capture) Captures TxA Neg Edge TxB Neg Edge Interrupt A Source Timer Underflow Timer Underflow Autoreload RA Autoreload RA Pos TxA Edge or Timer Underflow Pos TxA Edge or Timer Underflow Neg TxB Edge or Timer Underflow Neg TxA Edge or Timer Underflow Interrupt B Source Pos TxB Edge Pos TxB Edge Autoreload RB Autoreload RB Pos TxB Edge Timer Counts On TxA Pos Edge TxA Neg Edge tc tc tc 1 1 0 Neg TxB Edge tc 0 1 1 Pos TxB Edge tc 1 1 1 Neg TxB Edge tc Power Save Modes The device offers the user two power save modes of operation HALT and IDLE In the HALT mode all microcontroller activities are stopped In the IDLE mode the on-board oscillator circuitry and timer T0 are active but all other microcontroller activities are stopped In either mode all on-board RAM registers I O states and timers (with the exception of T0) are unaltered HALT MODE The device is placed in the HALT mode by writing a ‘‘1’’ to the HALT flag (G7 data bit) All microcontroller activities including the clock timers are stopped The WATCHDOG logic is disabled during the HALT mode However the clock monitor circuitry if enabled remains active and will cause the WATCHDOG output pin (WDOUT) to go low If the HALT mode is used and the user does not want to activate the WDOUT pin the Clock Monitor should be disabled after the device comes out of reset (resetting the Clock Monitor control bit with the first write to the WDSVR register) In the HALT mode the power requirements of the device are minimal and the applied voltage (VCC) may be decreased to Vr (Vr e 2 0V) without altering the state of the machine The device supports three different ways of exiting the HALT mode The first method of exiting the HALT mode is with the Multi-Input Wakeup feature on the L port The second method is with a low to high transition on the CKO (G7) pin This method precludes the use of the crystal clock configuration (since CKO becomes a dedicated output) and so may be used with an RC clock configuration The third method of exiting the HALT mode is by pulling the RESET pin low Since a crystal or ceramic resonator may be selected as the oscillator the Wakeup signal is not allowed to start the chip running immediately since crystal oscillators and ceramic resonators have a delayed start up time to reach full amplitude and frequency stability The IDLE timer is used to generate a fixed delay to ensure that the oscillator has indeed stabilized before allowing instruction execution In this case upon detecting a valid Wakeup signal only the oscillator circuitry is enabled The IDLE timer is loaded with a value of 256 and is clocked with the tc instruction cycle clock The tc clock is derived by dividing the oscillator clock down by a factor of 10 The Schmitt trigger following the CKI inverter on the chip ensures that the IDLE timer is clocked only when the oscillator has a sufficiently large amplitude to meet the Schmitt trigger specifications This Schmitt trigger is not part of the oscillator closed loop The startup timeout from the IDLE timer enables the clock signals to be routed to the rest of the chip http www national com 18 Power Save Modes (Continued) If an RC clock option is being used the fixed delay is introduced optionally A control bit CLKDLY mapped as configuration bit G7 controls whether the delay is to be introduced or not The delay is included if CLKDLY is set and excluded if CLKDLY is reset The CLKDLY bit is cleared on reset The device has two mask options associated with the HALT mode The first mask option enables the HALT mode feature while the second mask option disables the HALT mode With the HALT mode enable mask option the device will enter and exit the HALT mode as described above With the HALT disable mask option the device cannot be placed in the HALT mode (writing a ‘‘1’’ to the HALT flag will have no effect) The WATCHDOG detector circuit is inhibited during the HALT mode However the clock monitor circuit if enabled remains active during HALT mode in order to ensure a clock monitor error if the device inadvertently enters the HALT mode as a result of a runaway program or power glitch IDLE MODE The device is placed in the IDLE mode by writing a ‘‘1’’ to the IDLE flag (G6 data bit) In this mode all activity except the associated on-board oscillator circuitry the WATCHDOG logic the clock monitor and the IDLE Timer T0 is stopped As with the HALT mode the device can be returned to normal operation with a reset or with a Multi-Input Wake-up from the L Port Alternately the microcontroller resumes normal operation from the IDLE mode when the thirteenth bit (representing 4 096 ms at internal clock frequency of 1 MHz tc e 1 ms) of the IDLE Timer toggles This toggle condition of the thirteenth bit of the IDLE Timer T0 is latched into the T0PND pending flag The user has the option of being interrupted with a transition on the thirteenth bit of the IDLE Timer T0 The interrupt can be enabled or disabled via the T0EN control bit Setting the T0EN flag enables the interrupt and vice versa The user can enter the IDLE mode with the Timer T0 interrupt enabled In this case when the T0PND bit gets set the device will first execute the Timer T0 interrupt service routine and then return to the instruction following the ‘‘Enter Idle Mode’’ instruction Alternatively the user can enter the IDLE mode with the IDLE Timer T0 interrupt disabled In this case the device will resume normal operation with the instruction immediately following the ‘‘Enter IDLE Mode’’ instruction Note It is necessary to program two NOP instructions following both the set HALT mode and set IDLE mode instructions These NOP instructions are necessary to allow clock resynchronization following the HALT or IDLE modes 19 http www national com Multi-Input Wakeup The Multi-Input Wakeup feature is used to return (wakeup) the device from either the HALT or IDLE modes Alternately Multi-Input Wakeup Interrupt feature may also be used to generate up to 8 edge selectable external interrupts RBIT 5 WKEN SBIT 5 WKEDG RBIT 5 WKPND SBIT 5 WKEN If the L port bits have been used as outputs and then changed to inputs with Multi-Input Wakeup Interrupt a safety procedure should also be followed to avoid inherited pseudo wakeup conditions After the selected L port bits have been changed from output to input but before the associated WKEN bits are enabled the associated edge select bits in WKEDG should be set or reset for the desired edge selects followed by the associated WKPND bits being cleared This same procedure should be used following reset since the L port inputs are left floating as a result of reset The occurrence of the selected trigger condition for Multi-Input Wakeup is latched into a pending register called WKPND The respective bits of the WKPND register will be set on the occurrence of the selected trigger edge on the corresponding Port L pin The user has the responsibility of clearing these pending flags Since WKPND is a pending register for the occurrence of selected wakeup conditions the device will not enter the HALT mode if any Wakeup bit is both enabled and pending Consequently the user has the responsibility of clearing the pending flags before attempting to enter the HALT mode The WKEN WKPND and WKEDG are all read write registers and are cleared at reset PORT L INTERRUPTS Port L provides the user with an additional eight fully selectable edge sensitive interrupts which are all vectored into the same service subroutine The interrupt from Port L shares logic with the wake up circuitry The register WKEN allows interrupts from Port L to Figure 10 shows the Multi-Input Wakeup logic The Multi-Input Wakeup feature utilizes the L Port The user selects which particular L port bit (or combination of L Port bits) will cause the device to exit the HALT or IDLE modes The selection is done through the Reg WKEN The Reg WKEN is an 8-bit read write register which contains a control bit for every L port bit Setting a particular WKEN bit enables a Wakeup from the associated L port pin The user can select whether the trigger condition on the selected L Port pin is going to be either a positive edge (low to high transition) or a negative edge (high to low transition) This selection is made via the Reg WKEDG which is an 8bit control register with a bit assigned to each L Port pin Setting the control bit will select the trigger condition to be a negative edge on that particular L Port pin Resetting the bit selects the trigger condition to be a positive edge Changing an edge select entails several steps in order to avoid a pseudo Wakeup condition as a result of the edge change First the associated WKEN bit should be reset followed by the edge select change in WKEDG Next the associated WKPND bit should be cleared followed by the associated WKEN bit being re-enabled An example may serve to clarify this procedure Suppose we wish to change the edge select from positive (low going high) to negative (high going low) for L Port bit 5 where bit 5 has previously been enabled for an input interrupt The program would be as follows TL DD 9766 – 16 FIGURE 10 Multi-Input Wake Up Logic http www national com 20 Multi-Input Wakeup (Continued) be individually enabled or disabled The register WKEDG specifies the trigger condition to be either a positive or a negative edge Finally the register WKPND latches in the pending trigger conditions The GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit enables the interrupt function A control flag LPEN functions as a global interrupt enable for Port L interrupts Setting the LPEN flag will enable interrupts and vice versa A separate global pending flag is not needed since the register WKPND is adequate Since Port L is also used for waking the device out of the HALT or IDLE modes the user can elect to exit the HALT or IDLE modes either with or without the interrupt enabled If he elects to disable the interrupt then the device will restart execution from the instruction immediately following the instruction that placed the microcontroller in the HALT or IDLE modes In the other case the device will first execute the interrupt service routine and then revert to normal operation The Wakeup signal will not start the chip running immediately since crystal oscillators or ceramic resonators have a finite start up time The IDLE Timer (T0) generates a fixed delay to ensure that the oscillator has indeed stabilized before allowing the device to execute instructions In this case upon detecting a valid Wakeup signal only the oscillator circuitry and the IDLE Timer T0 are enabled The IDLE Timer is loaded with a value of 256 and is clocked from the tc instruction cycle clock The tc clock is derived by dividing down the oscillator clock by a factor of 10 A Schmitt trigger following the CKI on-chip inverter ensures that the IDLE timer is clocked only when the oscillator has a sufficiently large amplitude to meet the Schmitt trigger specifications This Schmitt trigger is not part of the oscillator closed loop The startup timeout from the IDLE timer enables the clock signals to be routed to the rest of the chip If the RC clock option is used the fixed delay is under software control A control flag CLKDLY in the G7 configuration bit allows the clock start up delay to be optionally inserted Setting CLKDLY flag high will cause clock start up delay to be inserted and resetting it will exclude the clock start up delay The CLKDLY flag is cleared during reset so the clock start up delay is not present following reset with the RC clock options Interrupts The device supports a vectored interrupt scheme It supports a total of ten interrupt sources The following table lists all the possible interrupt sources their arbitration ranking and the memory locations reserved for the interrupt vector for each source Two bytes of program memory space are reserved for each interrupt source All interrupt sources except the software interrupt are maskable Each of the maskable interrupts have an Enable bit and a Pending bit A maskable interrupt is active if its associated enable and pending bits are set If GIE e 1 and an interrupt is active then the processor will be interrupted as soon as it is ready to start executing an instruction except if the above conditions happen during the Software Trap service routine This exception is described in the Software Trap sub-section The interruption process is accomplished with the INTR instruction (opcode 00) which is jammed inside the InstrucVector Address Hi-Low Byte 0yFE – 0yFF 0yFC – 0yFD 0yFA – 0yFB 0yF8 – 0yF9 0yF6 – 0yF7 0yF4 – 0yF5 0yF2 – 0yF3 0yF0 – 0yF1 0yEE – 0yEF 0yEC – 0yED 0yEA – 0yEB 0yE8 – 0yE9 0yE6 – 0yE7 0yE4 – 0yE5 0yE2 – 0yE3 0yE0 – 0yE1 Arbitration Ranking (1) Highest Source Software Reserved Description INTR Instruction for Future Use Pin G0 Edge Underflow T1A Underflow T1B BUSY Goes Low for Future Use for UART for UART T2A Underflow T2B for Future Use for Future Use Port L Edge VIS Instr Execution without Any Interrupts (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) External Timer T0 Timer T1 Timer T1 MICROWIRE PLUS Reserved Reserved Reserved (7) (8) Timer T2 Timer T2 Reserved Reserved (9) (10) Lowest y is VIS page y i Port L Wakeup Default 0 21 http www national com Interrupts (Continued) tion Register and replaces the opcode about to be executed The following steps are performed for every interrupt 1 The GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit is reset 2 The address of the instruction about to be executed is pushed into the stack 3 The PC (Program Counter) branches to address 00FF This procedure takes 7 tc cycles to execute At this time since GIE e 0 other maskable interrupts are disabled The user is now free to do whatever context switching is required by saving the context of the machine in the stack with PUSH instructions The user would then program a VIS (Vector Interrupt Select) instruction in order to branch to the interrupt service routine of the highest priority interrupt enabled and pending at the time of the VIS Note that this is not necessarily the interrupt that caused the branch to address location 00FF Hex prior to the context switching Thus if an interrupt with a higher rank than the one which caused the interruption becomes active before the decision of which interrupt to service is made by the VIS then the interrupt with the higher rank will override any lower ones and will be acknowledged The lower priority interrupt(s) are still pending however and will cause another interrupt immediately following the completion of the interrupt service routine associated with the higher priority interrupt just serviced This lower priority interrupt will occur immediately following the RETI (Return from Interrupt) instruction at the end of the interrupt service routine just completed Inside the interrupt service routine the associated pending bit has to be cleared by software The RETI (Return from Interrupt) instruction at the end of the interrupt service routine will set the GIE (Global Interrupt Enable) bit allowing the processor to be interrupted again if another interrupt is active and pending The VIS instruction looks at all the active interrupts at the time it is executed and performs an indirect jump to the beginning of the service routine of the one with the highest rank The addresses of the different interrupt service routines called vectors are chosen by the user and stored in ROM in a table starting at 01E0 (assuming that VIS is located between 00FF and 01DF) The vectors are 15-bit wide and therefore occupy 2 ROM locations VIS and the vector table must be located in the same 256byte block (0y00 to 0yFF) except if VIS is located at the last address of a block In this case the table must be in the next block The vector table cannot be inserted in the first 256-byte block The vector of the maskable interrupt with the lowest rank is located at 0yE0 (Hi-Order byte) and 0yE1 (Lo-Order byte) and so forth in increasing rank number The vector of the maskable interrupt with the highest rank is located at 0yFA (Hi-Order byte) and 0yFB (Lo-Order byte) The Software Trap has the highest rank and its vector is located at 0yFE and 0yFF If by accident a VIS gets executed and no interrupt is active then the PC (Program Counter) will branch to a vector located at 0yE0 – 0yE1 WARNING A Default VIS interrupt handle routine must be present As a minimum this handler should confirm that the GIE bit is cleared (this indicates that the interrupt sequence has been taken) take care of any required housekeeping restore context and return Some sort of Warm Restart procedure should be implemented These events can occur without any error on the part of the system designer or programmer Note There is always the possibility of an interrupt occurring during an instruction which is attempting to reset the GIE bit or any other interrupt enable bit If this occurs when a single cycle instruction is being used to reset the interrupt enable bit the interrupt enable bit will be reset but an interrupt may still occur This is because interrupt processing is started at the same time as the interrupt bit is being reset To avoid this scenario the user should always use a two three or four cycle instruction to reset interrupt enable bits Figure 11 shows the Interrupt block diagram TL DD 9766 – 18 FIGURE 11 Interrupt Block Diagram http www national com 22 Interrupts (Continued) SOFTWARE TRAP The Software Trap (ST) is a special kind of non-maskable interrupt which occurs when the INTR instruction (used to acknowledge interrupts) is fetched from ROM and placed inside the instruction register This may happen when the PC is pointing beyond the available ROM address space or when the stack is over-popped When an ST occurs the user can re-initialize the stack pointer and do a recovery procedure (similar to reset but not necessarily containing all of the same initialization procedures) before restarting The occurrence of an ST is latched into the ST pending bit The GIE bit is not affected and the ST pending bit (not accessible by the user) is used to inhibit other interrupts and to direct the program to the ST service routine with the VIS instruction The RPND instruction is used to clear the software interrupt pending bit This pending bit is also cleared on reset The ST has the highest rank among all interrupts Nothing (except another ST) can interrupt an ST being serviced TABLE II WATCHDOG Service Window Select WDSVR Bit 7 0 0 1 1 WDSVR Bit 6 0 1 0 1 Service Window (Lower-Upper Limits) 2k-8k tc Cycles 2k-16k tc Cycles 2k-32k tc Cycles 2k-64k tc Cycles Clock Monitor The Clock Monitor aboard the device can be selected or deselected under program control The Clock Monitor is guaranteed not to reject the clock if the instruction cycle clock (1 tc) is greater or equal to 10 kHz This equates to a clock input rate on CKI of greater or equal to 100 kHz WATCHDOG Operation The WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor are disabled during reset The device comes out of reset with the WATCHDOG armed the WATCHDOG Window Select bits (bits 6 7 of the WDSVR Register) set and the Clock Monitor bit (bit 0 of the WDSVR Register) enabled Thus a Clock Monitor error will occur after coming out of reset if the instruction cycle clock frequency has not reached a minimum specified value including the case where the oscillator fails to start The WDSVR register can be written to only once after reset and the key data (bits 5 through 1 of the WDSVR Register) must match to be a valid write This write to the WDSVR register involves two irrevocable choices (i) the selection of the WATCHDOG service window (ii) enabling or disabling of the Clock Monitor Hence the first write to WDSVR Register involves selecting or deselecting the Clock Monitor select the WATCHDOG service window and match the WATCHDOG key data Subsequent writes to the WDSVR register will compare the value being written by the user to the WATCHDOG service window value and the key data (bits 7 through 1) in the WDSVR Register Table III shows the sequence of events that can occur The user must service the WATCHDOG at least once before the upper limit of the serivce window expires The WATCHDOG may not be serviced more than once in every lower limit of the service window The user may service the WATCHDOG as many times as wished in the time period between the lower and upper limits of the service window The first write to the WDSVR Register is also counted as a WATCHDOG service The WATCHDOG has an output pin associated with it This is the WDOUT pin on pin 1 of the port G WDOUT is active low The WDOUT pin is in the high impedance state in the inactive state Upon triggering the WATCHDOG the logic will pull the WDOUT (G1) pin low for an additional 16 tc –32 tc cycles after the signal level on WDOUT pin goes below the lower Schmitt trigger threshold After this delay the device will stop forcing the WDOUT output low The WATCHDOG service window will restart when the WDOUT pin goes high It is recommended that the user tie the WDOUT pin back to VCC through a resistor in order to pull WDOUT high A WATCHDOG service while the WDOUT signal is active will be ignored The state of the WDOUT pin is not guaranteed on reset but if it powers up low then the WATCHDOG will time out and WDOUT will enter high impedance state WATCHDOG The device contains a WATCHDOG and clock monitor The WATCHDOG is designed to detect the user program getting stuck in infinite loops resulting in loss of program control or ‘‘runaway’’ programs The Clock Monitor is used to detect the absence of a clock or a very slow clock below a specified rate on the CKI pin The WATCHDOG consists of two independent logic blocks WD UPPER and WD LOWER WD UPPER establishes the upper limit on the service window and WD LOWER defines the lower limit of the service window Servicing the WATCHDOG consists of writing a specific value to a WATCHDOG Service Register named WDSVR which is memory mapped in the RAM This value is composed of three fields consisting of a 2-bit Window Select a 5-bit Key Data field and the 1-bit Clock Monitor Select field Table I shows the WDSVR register The lower limit of the service window is fixed at 2048 instruction cycles Bits 7 and 6 of the WDSVR register allow the user to pick an upper limit of the service window Table II shows the four possible combinations of lower and upper limits for the WATCHDOG service window This flexibility in choosing the WATCHDOG service window prevents any undue burden on the user software Bits 5 4 3 2 and 1 of the WDSVR register represent the 5-bit Key Data field The key data is fixed at 01100 Bit 0 of the WDSVR Register is the Clock Monitor Select bit TABLE I WATCHDOG Service Register (WDSVR) Window Select X 7 X 6 0 5 1 4 Key Data 1 3 0 2 0 1 Clock Monitor Y 0 23 http www national com WATCHDOG Operation (Continued) TABLE III WATCHDOG Service Actions Key Data Match Don’t Care Mismatch Don’t Care Window Data Match Mismatch Don’t Care Don’t Care Clock Monitor Match Don’t Care Don’t Care Mismatch Action Valid Service Restart Service Window Error Generate WATCHDOG Output Error Generate WATCHDOG Output Error Generate WATCHDOG Output TABLE IV MICROWIRE PLUS Master Mode Clock Select SL1 0 0 1 SL0 0 1 x SK 2 c tc 4 c tc 8 c tc Where tc is the instruction cycle clock The Clock Monitor forces the G1 pin low upon detecting a clock frequency error The Clock Monitor error will continue until the clock frequency has reached the minimum specified value after which the G1 output will enter the high impedance TRI-STATE mode following 16 tc – 32 tc clock cycles The Clock Monitor generates a continual Clock Monitor error if the oscillator fails to start or fails to reach the minimum specified frequency The specification for the Clock Monitor is as follows 1 tc l 10 kHz No clock rejection 1 tc k 10 Hz Guaranteed clock rejection WATCHDOG AND CLOCK MONITOR SUMMARY The following salient points regarding the WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor should be noted  With the single-pin R C oscillator mask option selected and the CLKDLY bit reset the WATCHDOG service window will resume following HALT mode from where it left off before entering the HALT mode  With the crystal oscillator mask option selected or with the single-pin R C oscillator mask option selected and the CLKDLY bit set the WATCHDOG service window will be set to its selected value from WDSVR following HALT Consequently the WATCHDOG should not be serviced for at least 2048 instruction cycles following HALT but must be serviced within the selected window to avoid a WATCHDOG error  The IDLE timer T0 is not initialized with reset  The user can sync in to the IDLE counter cycle with an IDLE counter (T0) interrupt or by monitoring the T0PND flag The T0PND flag is set whenever the thirteenth bit of the IDLE counter toggles (every 4096 instruction cycles) The user is responsible for resetting the T0PND flag  Both WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor detector circuits are inhibited during reset  Following reset the WATCHDOG and Clock Monitor are both enabled with the WATCHDOG having the maximum service window selected  A hardware WATCHDOG service occurs just as the device exits the IDLE mode Consequently the Watchdog should not be serviced for at least 2048 instruction cycles following IDLE but must be serviced within the selected window to avoid a WATCHDOG error  The WATCHDOG service window and Clock Monitor enable disable option can only be changed once during the initial WATCHDOG service following reset  The initial WATCHDOG service must match the key data value in the WATCHDOG Service register WDSVR in order to avoid a WATCHDOG error  Following reset the initial WATCHDOG service (where the service window and the Clock Monitor enable disable must be selected) may be programmed anywhere within the maximum service window (65 536 instruction cycles) initialized by RESET Note that this initial WATCHDOG service may be programmed within the initial 2048 instruction cycles without causing a WATCHDOG error  Subsequent WATCHDOG services must match all three data fields in WDSVR in order to avoid WATCHDOG errors  The correct key data value cannot be read from the WATCHDOG Service register WDSVR Any attempt to read this key data value of 01100 from WDSVR will read as key data value of all 0’s Detection of Illegal Conditions The device can detect various illegal conditions resulting from coding errors transient noise power supply voltage drops runaway programs etc Reading of undefined ROM gets zeros The opcode for software interrupt is zero If the program fetches instructions from undefined ROM this will force a software interrupt thus signaling that an illegal condition has occurred  The WATCHDOG detector circuit is inhibited during both the HALT and IDLE modes  The Clock Monitor detector circuit is active during both the HALT and IDLE modes Consequently the device inadvertently entering the HALT mode will be detected as a Clock Monitor error (provided that the Clock Monitor enable option has been selected by the program) http www national com 24 Detection of Illegal Conditions (Continued) The subroutine stack grows down for each call (jump to subroutine) interrupt or PUSH and grows up for each return or POP The stack pointer is initialized to RAM location 06F Hex during reset Consequently if there are more returns than calls the stack pointer will point to addresses 070 and 071 Hex (which are undefined RAM) Undefined RAM from addresses 070 to 07F Hex is read as all 1’s which in turn will cause the program to return to address 7FFF Hex This is an undefined ROM location and the instruction fetched (all 0’s) from this location will generate a software interrupt signaling an illegal condition Thus the chip can detect the following illegal conditions a Executing from undefined ROM b Over ‘‘POP’’ing the stack by having more returns than calls When the software interrupt occurs the user can re-initialize the stack pointer and do a recovery procedure before restarting (this recovery program is probably similar to that following reset but might not contain the same program initialization procedures) The recovery program should reset the software interrupt pending bit using the RPND instruction master mode the SK clock rate is selected by the two bits SL0 and SL1 in the CNTRL register Table IV details the different clock rates that may be selected MICROWIRE PLUS OPERATION Setting the BUSY bit in the PSW register causes the MICROWIRE PLUS to start shifting the data It gets reset when eight data bits have been shifted The user may reset the BUSY bit by software to allow less than 8 bits to shift If enabled an interrupt is generated when eight data bits have been shifted The device may enter the MICROWIRE PLUS mode either as a Master or as a Slave Figure 13 shows how two COP888CL microcontrollers and several peripherals may be interconnected using the MICROWIRE PLUS arrangements Warning The SIO register should only be loaded when the SK clock is low Loading the SIO register while the SK clock is high will result in undefined data in the SIO register The SK clock is normally low when not shifting Setting the BUSY flag when the input SK clock is high in the MICROWIRE PLUS slave mode may cause the current SK clock for the SIO shift register to be narrow For safety the BUSY flag should only be set when the input SK clock is low MICROWIRE PLUS Master Mode Operation In the MICROWIRE PLUS Master mode of operation the shift clock (SK) is generated internally The MICROWIRE Master always initiates all data exchanges The MSEL bit in the CNTRL register must be set to enable the SO and SK functions onto the G Port The SO and SK pins must also be selected as outputs by setting appropriate bits in the Port G configuration register Table V summarizes the bit settings required for Master mode of operation MICROWIRE PLUS Slave Mode Operation In the MICROWIRE PLUS Slave mode of operation the SK clock is generated by an external source Setting the MSEL bit in the CNTRL register enables the SO and SK functions onto the G Port The SK pin must be selected as an input and the SO pin is selected as an output pin by setting and resetting the appropriate bit in the Port G configuration register Table V summarizes the settings required to enter the Slave mode of operation The user must set the BUSY flag immediately upon entering the Slave mode This will ensure that all data bits sent by the Master will be shifted properly After eight clock pulses the BUSY flag will be cleared and the sequence may be repeated Alternate SK Phase Operation The device allows either the normal SK clock or an alternate phase SK clock to shift data in and out of the SIO register In both the modes the SK is normally low In the normal mode data is shifted in on the rising edge of the SK clock and the data is shifted out on the falling edge of the SK clock The SIO register is shifted on each falling edge of the SK clock In the alternate SK phase operation data is shifted in on the falling edge of the SK clock and shifted out on the rising edge of the SK clock MICROWIRE PLUS MICROWIRE PLUS is a serial synchronous communications interface The MICROWIRE PLUS capability enables the device to interface with any of National Semiconductor’s MICROWIRE peripherals (i e A D converters display drivers E2PROMs etc ) and with other microcontrollers which support the MICROWIRE interface It consists of an 8-bit serial shift register (SIO) with serial data input (SI) serial data output (SO) and serial shift clock (SK) Figure 12 shows a block diagram of the MICROWIRE logic The shift clock can be selected from either an internal source or an external source Operating the MICROWIRE PLUS arrangement with the internal clock source is called the Master mode of operation Similarly operating the MICROWIRE arrangement with an external shift clock is called the Slave mode of operation TL DD 9766 – 20 FIGURE 12 MICROWIRE PLUS Block Diagram The CNTRL register is used to configure and control the MICROWIRE PLUS mode To use the MICROWIRE PLUS the MSEL bit in the CNTRL register is set to one In the 25 http www national com MICROWIRE PLUS (Continued) TL DD 9766 – 21 FIGURE 13 MICROWIRE PLUS Application A control flag SKSEL allows either the normal SK clock or the alternate SK clock to be selected Resetting SKSEL causes the MICROWIRE PLUS logic to be clocked from the normal SK signal Setting the SKSEL flag selects the alternate SK clock The SKSEL is mapped into the G6 configuration bit The SKSEL flag will power up in the reset condition selecting the normal SK signal TABLE V This table assumes that the control flag MSEL is set G4 (SO) Config Bit 1 0 1 0 G5 (SK) Config Bit 1 1 0 0 G4 Fun SO TRISTATE SO TRISTATE G5 Fun Int SK Int SK Ext SK Ext SK Operation MICROWIRE PLUS Master MICROWIRE PLUS Master MICROWIRE PLUS Slave MICROWIRE PLUS Slave http www national com 26 Memory Map All RAM ports and registers (except A and PC) are mapped into data memory address space Address 00 to 6F 70 to BF C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD to CF D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD to DF E0 to E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF F0 to FB FC FD FE FF Contents On-Chip RAM bytes Unused RAM Address Space Timer T2 Lower Byte Timer T2 Upper Byte Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RA Lower Byte Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RA Upper Byte Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RB Lower Byte Timer T2 Autoload Register T2RB Upper Byte Timer T2 Control Register WATCHDOG Service Register (Reg WDSVR) MIWU Edge Select Register (Reg WKEDG) MIWU Enable Register (Reg WKEN) MIWU Pending Register (Reg WKPND) Reserved Reserved Reserved Port L Data Register Port L Configuration Register Port L Input Pins (Read Only) Reserved for Port L Port G Data Register Port G Configuration Register Port G Input Pins (Read Only) Port I Input Pins (Read Only) Port C Data Register Port C Configuration Register Port C Input Pins (Read Only) Reserved for Port C Port D Data Register Reserved for Port D Reserved Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RB Lower Byte Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RB Upper Byte ICNTRL Register MICROWIRE Shift Register Timer T1 Lower Byte Timer T1 Upper Byte Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RA Lower Byte Timer T1 Autoload Register T1RA Upper Byte CNTRL Control Register PSW Register On-Chip RAM Mapped as Registers X Register SP Register B Register Reserved Addressing Modes The device has ten addressing modes six for operand addressing and four for transfer of control OPERAND ADDRESSING MODES Register Indirect This is the ‘‘normal’’ addressing mode The operand is the data memory addressed by the B pointer or X pointer Register Indirect (with auto post increment or decrement of pointer) This addressing mode is used with the LD and X instructions The operand is the data memory addressed by the B pointer or X pointer This is a register indirect mode that automatically post increments or decrements the B or X register after executing the instruction Direct The instruction contains an 8-bit address field that directly points to the data memory for the operand Immediate The instruction contains an 8-bit immediate field as the operand Short Immediate This addressing mode is used with the Load B Immediate instruction The instruction contains a 4-bit immediate field as the operand Indirect This addressing mode is used with the LAID instruction The contents of the accumulator are used as a partial address (lower 8 bits of PC) for accessing a data operand from the program memory TRANSFER OF CONTROL ADDRESSING MODES Relative This mode is used for the JP instruction with the instruction field being added to the program counter to get the new program location JP has a range from b31 to a 32 to allow a 1-byte relative jump (JP a 1 is implemented by a NOP instruction) There are no ‘‘pages’’ when using JP since all 15 bits of PC are used Absolute This mode is used with the JMP and JSR instructions with the instruction field of 12 bits replacing the lower 12 bits of the program counter (PC) This allows jumping to any location in the current 4k program memory segment Absolute Long This mode is used with the JMPL and JSRL instructions with the instruction field of 15 bits replacing the entire 15 bits of the program counter (PC) This allows jumping to any location in the current 4k program memory space Indirect This mode is used with the JID instruction The contents of the accumulator are used as a partial address (lower 8 bits of PC) for accessing a location in the program memory The contents of this program memory location serve as a partial address (lower 8 bits of PC) for the jump to the next instruction Note The VIS is a special case of the Indirect Transfer of Control addressing mode where the double byte vector associated with the interrupt is transferred from adjacent addresses in the program memory into the program counter (PC) in order to jump to the associated interrupt service routine Reading memory locations 70-7F Hex will return all ones Reading other unused memory locations will return undefined data 27 http www national com Instruction Set Register and Symbol Definition Registers A B X SP PC PU PL C HC GIE VU VL 8-Bit Accumulator Register 8-Bit Address Register 8-Bit Address Register 8-Bit Stack Pointer Register 15-Bit Program Counter Register Upper 7 Bits of PC Lower 8 Bits of PC 1 Bit of PSW Register for Carry 1 Bit of PSW Register for Half Carry 1 Bit of PSW Register for Global Interrupt Enable Interrupt Vector Upper Byte Interrupt Vector Lower Byte B X MD Mem Meml Imm Reg Bit Symbols Memory Indirectly Addressed by B Register Memory Indirectly Addressed by X Register Direct Addressed Memory Direct Addressed Memory or B Direct Addressed Memory or B or Immediate Data 8-Bit Immediate Data Register Memory Addresses F0 to FF (Includes B X and SP) Bit Number (0 to 7) Loaded with Exchanged with w http www national com 28 Instruction Set (Continued) INSTRUCTION SET ADD ADC SUBC AND ANDSZ OR XOR IFEQ IFEQ IFNE IFGT IFBNE DRSZ SBIT RBIT IFBIT RPND X X LD LD LD LD LD X X LD LD LD CLR INC DEC LAID DCOR RRC RLC SWAP SC RC IFC IFNC POP PUSH VIS JMPL JMP JP JSRL JSR JID RET RETSK RETI INTR NOP A Meml A Meml A Meml A Meml A Imm A Meml A Meml MD Imm A Meml A Meml A Meml Reg Mem Mem Mem A Mem AX A Meml AX B Imm Mem Imm Reg Imm A Bg A Xg A Bg A Xg B g Imm A A A A A A A ADD ADD with Carry Subtract with Carry Logical AND Logical AND Immed Skip if Zero Logical OR Logical EXclusive OR IF EQual IF EQual IF Not Equal IF Greater Than If B Not Equal Decrement Reg Skip if Zero Set BIT Reset BIT IF BIT Reset PeNDing Flag EXchange A with Memory EXchange A with Memory X LoaD A with Memory LoaD A with Memory X LoaD B with Immed LoaD Memory Immed LoaD Register Memory Immed EXchange A with Memory B EXchange A with Memory X LoaD A with Memory B LoaD A with Memory X LoaD Memory B Immed CLeaR A INCrement A DECrementA Load A InDirect from ROM Decimal CORrect A Rotate A Right thru C Rotate A Left thru C SWAP nibbles of A Set C Reset C IF C IF Not C POP the stack into A PUSH A onto the stack Vector to Interrupt Service Routine Jump absolute Long Jump absolute Jump relative short Jump SubRoutine Long Jump SubRoutine Jump InDirect RETurn from subroutine RETurn and SKip RETurn from Interrupt Generate an Interrupt No OPeration A w A a Meml A w A a Meml a C C w Carry HC w Half Carry A w A b MemI a C C w Carry HC w Half Carry A w A and Meml Skip next if (A and Imm) e 0 A w A or Meml A w A xor Meml Compare MD and Imm Do next if MD e Imm Compare A and Meml Do next if A e Meml Compare A and Meml Do next if A i Meml Compare A and Meml Do next if A l Meml Do next if lower 4 bits of B i Imm Reg w Regb 1 Skip if Reg e 0 1 to bit Mem (bit e 0 to 7 immediate) 0 to bit Mem If bit in A or Mem is true do next instruction Reset Software Interrupt Pending Flag A Mem A X A w Meml Aw X B w Imm Mem w Imm Reg w Imm A B (B w B g 1) A X (X w g 1) A w B (B w B g 1) A w X (X w X g 1) B w Imm (B w g 1) Aw0 AwA a 1 AwA b 1 A w ROM (PU A) A w BCD correction of A (follows ADC SUBC) C A7 A0 C C w A7 w w A0 w C A7 A4 A3 A0 C w 1 HC w 1 C w 0 HC w 0 IF C is true do next instruction If C is not true do next instruction SP w SP a 1 A w SP SP w A SP w SP b 1 PU w VU PL w VL PC w ii (ii e 15 bits 0 to 32k) PC9 0 w i (i e 12 bits) PC w PC a r (r is b31 to a 32 except 1) SP w PL SPb1 w PU SPb2 PC w ii SP w PL SPb1 w PU SPb2 PC9 0wi PL w ROM (PU A) SP a 2 PL w SP PU w SPb1 SP a 2 PL w SP PU w SPb1 SP a 2 PL w SP PU w SPb1 GIE w 1 SP w PL SPb1 w PU SPb2 PC w 0FF PC w PC a 1 A A Addr Addr Disp Addr Addr 29 http www national com Instruction Execution Time Most instructions are single byte (with immediate addressing mode instructions taking two bytes) Most single byte instructions take one cycle time to execute Skipped instructions require x number of cycles to be skipped where x equals the number of bytes in the skipped instruction opcode See the BYTES and CYCLES per INSTRUCTION table for details Bytes and Cycles per Instruction The following table shows the number of bytes and cycles for each instruction in the format of byte cycle Arithmetic and Logic Instructions B ADD ADC SUBC AND OR XOR IFEQ IFNE IFGT IFBNE DRSZ SBIT RBIT IFBIT RPND 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Direct 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 Immed 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Instructions Using A CLRA INCA DECA LAID DCOR RRCA RLCA SWAPA SC RC IFC IFNC PUSHA POPA ANDSZ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 2 C Transfer of Control Instructions JMPL JMP JP JSRL JSR JID VIS RET RETSK RETI INTR NOP 3 2 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 5 5 3 5 5 5 5 7 1 13 11 11 11 11 Memory Transfer Instructions Register Indirect B XA LD A LD B Imm LD B Imm LD Mem Imm LD Reg Imm IFEQ MD Imm 11 11 X 13 13 23 23 22 11 22 Direct Immed Register Indirect Auto Incr Decr B a Bb 12 12 X a Xb 13 13 (IF B k 16) (IF B l 15) 22 34 34 34 22 33 23 33 e l Memory location addressed by B or X or directly http www national com 30 Opcode Table Upper Nibble Along X-Axis Lower Nibble Along Y-Axis F JP b15 JP b14 JP b13 JP b12 JP b11 JP b10 JP b9 JP b8 JP b7 JP b6 JP b5 JP b4 JP b3 JP b2 JP b1 JP b0 E JP b31 JP b30 JP b29 JP b28 JP b27 JP b26 JP b25 JP b24 JP b23 JP b22 JP b21 JP b20 JP b19 JP b18 JP b17 JP b16 D LD 0F0 LD 0F1 LD 0F2 LD 0F3 LD 0F4 LD 0F5 LD 0F6 LD 0F7 LD 0F8 LD 0F9 LD 0FA LD 0FB LD 0FC LD 0FD LD 0FE LD 0FF i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i C DRSZ 0F0 DRSZ 0F1 DRSZ 0F2 DRSZ 0F3 DRSZ 0F4 DRSZ 0F5 DRSZ 0F6 DRSZ 0F7 DRSZ 0F8 DRSZ 0F9 DRSZ 0FA DRSZ 0FB DRSZ 0FC DRSZ 0FD DRSZ 0FE DRSZ 0FF NOP IFNE AB LD A X a LD A Xb LD Md DIR LD A X i RLCA IFEQ Md i LD A B a LD A Bb JMPL JSRL LD A B X A Xa X A Xb VIS RPND XA X B RRCA RC SC X A Ba X A Bb LAID JID XA B A 9 ADC A SUBC A IFEQ A IFGT A ADD A AND A XOR A OR A LD A IFNE Ai LD B a LD Bb X A Md LD A Md LD B LD B i i i i i i i i i i i i i 8 ADC A B SUB A B IFEQ A B IFGT A B ADD A B AND A B XOR A B OR A B IFC IFNC INCA DECA POPA RETSK RET RETI 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F 31 http www national com Opcode Table (Continued) Upper Nibble Along X-Axis Lower Nibble Along Y-Axis 7 IFBIT 0B IFBIT 1B IFBIT 2B IFBIT 3B IFBIT 4B IFBIT 5B IFBIT 6B IFBIT 7B SBIT 0B SBIT 1B SBIT 2B SBIT 3B SBIT 4B SBIT 5B SBIT 6B SBIT 7B Where i is the immediate data Md is a directly addressed memory location is an unused opcode Note The opcode 60 Hex is also the opcode for IFBIT iA 6 ANDSZ Ai 5 LD B LD B LD B LD B 0F 0E 0D 0C 0B 0A 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 4 IFBNE 0 IFBNE 1 IFBNE 2 IFBNE 3 IFBNE 4 IFBNE 5 IFBNE 6 IFBNE 7 IFBNE 8 IFBNE 9 IFBNE 0A IFBNE 0B IFBNE 0C IFBNE 0D IFBNE 0E IFBNE 0F 3 JSR x000 – x0FF JSR x100 – x1FF JSR x200 – x2FF JSR x300 – x3FF JSR x400 – x4FF JSR x500 – x5FF JSR x600 – x6FF JSR x700 – x7FF JSR x800 – x8FF JSR x900 – x9FF JSR xA00 – xAFF JSR xB00 – xBFF JSR xC00 – xCFF JSR xD00 – xDFF JSR xE00 – xEFF JSR xF00 – xFFF 2 JMP x000 – x0FF JMP x100 – x1FF JMP x200 – x2FF JMP x300 – x3FF JMP x400 – x4FF JMP x500 – x5FF JMP x600 – x6FF JMP x700 – x7FF JMP x800 – x8FF JMP x900 – x9FF JMP xA00 – xAFF JMP xB00 – xBFF JMP xC00 – xCFF JMP xD00 – xDFF JMP xE00 – xEFF JMP xF00 – xFFF 1 JP a 17 JP a 18 JP a 19 JP a 20 JP a 21 JP a 22 JP a 23 JP a 24 JP a 25 JP a 26 JP a 27 JP a 28 JP a 29 JP a 30 JP a 31 JP a 32 0 INTR JP a 2 JP a 3 JP a 4 JP a 5 JP a 6 JP a 7 JP a 8 JP a 9 JP a 10 JP a 11 JP a 12 JP a 13 JP a 14 JP a 15 JP a 16 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F CLRA SWAPA DCORA PUSHA RBIT 0B RBIT 1B RBIT 2B RBIT 3B RBIT 4B RBIT 5B RBIT 6B RBIT 7B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B LD B http www national com 32 Mask Options The mask programmable options are shown below The options are programmed at the same time as the ROM pattern submission OPTION 1 41 CLOCK CONFIGURATION Crystal Oscillator (CKI 10) G7 (CKO) is clock generator output to crystal resonator CKI is the clock input Single-pin RC controlled oscillator (CKI 10) G7 is available as a HALT restart and or general purpose input HALT Enable HALT mode Disable HALT mode BONDING 44-Pin PCC 40-Pin DIP NA 28-Pin DIP 28-Pin SO Development Support SUMMARY  iceMASTERTM IM-COP8 400 Full feature in-circuit emulation for all COP8 products A full set of COP8 Basic and Feature Family device and package specific probes are available  COP8 Debug Module Moderate cost in-circuit emulation and development programming unit 42  COP8 Evaluation and Programming Unit EPUCOP888GG low cost in-circuit simulation and development programming unit development Assembler Linker Librarian and Utility Software Development Tool Kit  Assembler COP8-DEV-IBMA A DOS installable cross OPTION 2 41 42 OPTION 3 41 42 43 44 45  C Compiler COP8C A DOS installable cross development Software Tool kit  OPT EPROM Programmer Support Covering needs from engineering prototype pilot production to full production environments 33 http www national com Development Support (Continued) IceMASTER (IM) IN-CIRCUIT EMULATION The iceMASTER IM-COP8 400 is a full feature PC based in-circuit emulation tool developed and marketed by MetaLink Corporation to support the whole COP8 family of products National is a resale vendor for these products See Figure 19 for configuration The iceMASTER IM-COP8 400 with its device specific COP8 Probe provides a rich feature set for developing testing and maintaining product  Single base unit and debugger software reconfigurable to support the entire COP8 family only the probe personality needs to change Debugger software is processor customized and reconfigured from a master model file  Processor specific symbolic display of registers and bit level assignments configured from master model file  Halt Idle mode notification  On-line HELP customized to specific processor using master model file  Real-time in-circuit emulation full 2 4V–5 5V operation range full DC-10 MHz clock Chip options are programmable or jumper selectable  Includes a copy of COP8-DEV-IBMA assembler and linker SDK IM Order Information Base Unit IM-COP8 400-1 IM-COP8 400-2 iceMASTER Probe MHW-884CL28DWPC MHW-888CL40DWPC MHW-888CL44PWPC Adapter for SO package MHW-SO -SOIC28 28 SO 28 DIP 40 DIP 44 PLCC iceMASTER Base Unit 110V Power Supply iceMASTER Base Unit 220V Power Supply  Direct connection to application board by package compatible socket or surface mount assembly  Full 32 kbyte of loadable programming space that overlays (replaces) the on-chip ROM or EPROM On-chip RAM and I O blocks are used directly or recreated on the probe as necessary  Full 4k frame synchronous trace memory Address instruction and 8 unspecified circuit connectable trace lines Display can be HLL source (e g C source) assembly or mixed  A full 64k hardware configurable break trace on trace off control and pass count increment events  Tool set integrated interactive symbolic debugger supports both assembler (COFF) and C Compiler ( COD) linked object formats  Real time performance profiling analysis selectable bucket definition  Watch windows content updated automatically at each execution break  Instruction by instruction memory register changes displayed on source window when in single step operation TL DD 9766 – 35 FIGURE 19 COP8 iceMASTER Environment http www national com 34 Development Support (Continued) IceMASTER DEBUG MODULE (DM) The iceMASTER IM-COP8 400 is a PC based combination in-circuit emulation tool and COP8 based OPT EPROM programming tool developed and marketed by MetaLink Corporation to support the whole COP8 family of products National is a resale vendor for these products See Figure 20 for configuration The iceMASTER Debug Module is a moderate cost development tool It has the capability of in-circuit emulation for a specific COP8 microcontroller and in addition serves as a programming tool for COP8 OTP and EPROM product families Summary of features is as follows  Debugger software is processed customized and reconfigured from a master model file  Processor specific symbolic display of registers and bit level assignments configured from master model file  Halt Idle mode notification  Programming menu supports full product line of programmable OTP and EPROM COP8 products Program data is taken directly from the overlay RAM  Programming of 44PLCC and 68PLCC parts requires external programming adapters  Real-time in-circuit emulation full operating voltage range operation full DC-10 MHz clock  Includes wallmount power supply  On-board VPP generator from 5V input or connection to external supply supported Requires VPP level adjustment per the family programming specification (correct level is provided on an on-screen pop-down display)  All processor I O pins can be cabled to an application development board with package compatible cable to socket and surface mount assembly  ON-Line HELP customized to specific processor using master model file  Full 32 kbyte of loadable programming space that overlays (replaces) the on-chip ROM or EPROM On-chip RAM and I O blocks are used directly or recreated on the probe as necessary  Includes a copy of COP8-DEV-IBMA assembler and linker SDK DM Order Information Debug Module Unit COP8-DM 888CF Cable Adapters DM-COP8 28D DM-COP8 40D DM-COP8 44P Adapter for SO package MHW-SO -SOIC28 28 SO 28 DIP 40 DIP 44 PLCC  100 frames of synchronous trace memory The display can be HLL source (C source) assembly or mixed The most recent history prior to a break is available in the trace memory  Configured break points uses INTR instruction which is modestly intrusive  Software only supported features are selectable  Tool set integrated interactive symbolic debugger - supports both assembler (COFF) and C Compiler ( COD) SDK linked object formats  Instruction by instruction memory register changes displayed when in single step operation TL DD 9766 – 36 FIGURE 20 COP8-DM Environment 35 http www national com Development Support (Continued) COP8 ASSEMBLER LINKER SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TOOL KIT National Semiconductor offers a relocateable COP8 macro cross assembler linker librarian and utility software development tool kit Features are summarized as follows COP8 C COMPILER A C Compiler is developed and marketed by Byte Craft Limited The COP8C compiler is a fully integrated development tool specifically designed to support the compact embedded configuration of the COP8 family of products Features are summarized as follows  Basic and Feature Family instruction set by ‘‘device’’ type  ANSI C with some restrictions and extensions that optimize development for the COP8 embedded application Integrated Linker and Librarian Integrated utilities to generate ROM code file outputs DUMPCOFF utility This product is integrated as a part of MetaLink tools as a development kit fully supported by the MetaLink debugger It may be ordered separately or it is bundled with the MetaLink products at no additional cost Order Information Assembler SDK COP8-DEV-IBMA Assembler SDK on installable 3 5 PC DOS Floppy Disk Drive format Periodic upgrades and most recent version is available on National’s BBS and Internet        Nested macro capability Extensive set of assembler directives Supported on PC DOS platform Generates National standard COFF output files  BITS data type extension Register declaration with direct bit level definitions pragma  C language support for interrupt routines  Expert system rule based code geration and optimization  Performs consistency checks against the architectural definitions of the target COP8 device  Generates program memory code  Supports linking of compiled object or COP8 assembled object formats  Global optimization of linked code  Symbolic debug load format fully source level supported by the MetaLink debugger Approved List Manufacturer BP Microsystems Data I O North America (800) 225-2102 (713) 688-4600 Fax (713) 688-0920 (800) 426-1045 (206) 881-6444 Fax (206) 882-1043 (510) 623-8860 (800) 624-8949 (919) 430-7915 (800) 638-2423 (602) 926-0797 Fax (602) 693-0681 (408) 263-6667 (916) 924-8037 Fax (916) 924-8065 Europe a 49-8152-4183 a 49-8856-932616 a 44-0734-440011 Asia a 852-234-16611 a 852-2710-8121 Call North America a 886-2-764-0215 Fax a 886-2-756-6403 HI – LO ICE Technology MetaLink Call Asia a 44-1226-767404 Fax 0-1226-370-434 a 49-80 9156 96-0 Fax a 49-80 9123 86 a 41-1-9450300 a 852-737-1800 Systems General Needhams a 886-2-917-3005 Fax a 886-2-911-1283 http www national com 36 Development Support (Continued) SINGLE CHIP OTP EMULATOR SUPPORT The COP8 family is supported by single chip OTP emulators For detailed information refer to the emulator specific datasheet and the emulator selection table below OTP Emulator Ordering Information Device Number COP87L84CLN-XE COP87L84CLM-XE COP87L88CLN-XE COP87L88CLV-XE Clock Option Crystal Crystal Crystal Crystal Package 28 DIP 28 SO 40 DIP 44 PLCC Emulates COP884CL COP884CL COP888CL COP888CL DIAL-A-HELPER via FTP ftp nscmicro nsc com user password anonymous username yourhost site domain DIAL-A-HELPER via a WorldWide Web Browser ftp nscmicro nsc com National Semiconductor on the WorldWide Web See us on the WorldWide Web at http www national com CUSTOMER RESPONSE CENTER Complete product information and technical support is available from National’s customer response centers CANADA U S email EUROPE email Deutsch English Francais Italiano JAPAN S E ASIA Beijing Tel (800) 272-9959 support tevm2 nsc com europe support nsc com Tel a 49 (0) 180-530 85 85 Tel a 49 (0) 180-532 78 32 Tel a 49 (0) 180-532 93 58 Tel a 49 (0) 180-534 16 80 Tel a 81-043-299-2309 Tel ( a 86)10-6856-8601 INDUSTRY WIDE OTP EPROM PROGRAMMING SUPPORT Programming support in addition to the MetaLink development tools is provided by a full range of independent approved vendors to meet the needs from the engineering laboratory to full production AVAILABLE LITERATURE For more information please see the COP8 Basic Family User’s Manual Literature Number 620895 COP8 Feature Family User’s Manual Literature Number 620897 and National’s Family of 8-bit Microcontrollers COP8 Selection Guide Literature Number 630009 DIAL-A-HELPER SERVICE Dial-A-Helper is a service provided by the Microcontroller Applications group The Dial-A-Helper is an Electronic Information System that may be accessed as a Bulletin Board System (BBS) via data modem as an FTP site on the Internet via standard FTP client application or as an FTP site on the Internet using a standard Internet browser such as Netscape or Mosaic The Dial-A-Helper system provides access to an automated information storage and retrieval system The system capabilities include a MESSAGE SECTION (electronic mail when accessed as a BBS) for communications to and from the Microcontroller Applications Group and a FILE SECTION which consists of several file areas where valuable application software and utilities could be found DIAL-A-HELPER BBS via a Standard Modem Modem CANADA U S (800) NSC-MICRO (800) 672-6427 EUROPE ( a 49) 0-8141-351332 Baud Set-Up 14 4k Length 8-Bit Parity None Stop Bit 1 24 Hours 7 Days Shanghai Tel ( a 86)21-6415-4092 Hong KongTel ( a 852) 2737-1600 Korea Malaysia Tel ( a 82) 2-3771-6909 Tel ( a 60-4) 644-9061 Singapore Tel ( a 65) 255-2226 Taiwan AUSTRALIA INDIA Tel a 886-2-521-3288 Tel ( a 61) 3-9558-9999 Tel ( a 91) 80-559-9467 Operation 37 http www national com Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted 28-Lead Small Outline Package (M) Order Number COP684CL-XXX WM COP884CL-XXX WM COP984CL-XXX WM or COP984CLH-XXX WM NS Package Number M28B http www national com 38 Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number COP684CL-XXX N COP884CL-XXX N COP984CL-XXX N or COP984CLH-XXX N NS Package Number N28B Molded Dual-In-Line Package (N) Order Number COP688CL-XXX N COP888CL-XXX N COP988CL-XXX N or COP988CLH-XXX N NS Package Number N40A 39 http www national com COP688CL COP684CL COP888CL COP884CL COP988CL COP984CL 8-Bit Microcontroller Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) unless otherwise noted (Continued) Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (V) Order Number COP688CL-XXX V COP888CL-XXX V COP988CL-XXX V COP988CLH-XXX V NS Package Number V44A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein 1 Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user National Semiconductor Corporation 1111 West Bardin Road Arlington TX 76017 Tel 1(800) 272-9959 Fax 1(800) 737-7018 2 A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness http www national com National Semiconductor Europe Fax a49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email europe support nsc com Deutsch Tel a49 (0) 180-530 85 85 English Tel a49 (0) 180-532 78 32 Fran ais Tel a49 (0) 180-532 93 58 Italiano Tel a49 (0) 180-534 16 80 National Semiconductor Hong Kong Ltd 13th Floor Straight Block Ocean Centre 5 Canton Rd Tsimshatsui Kowloon Hong Kong Tel (852) 2737-1600 Fax (852) 2736-9960 National Semiconductor Japan Ltd Tel 81-043-299-2308 Fax 81-043-299-2408 National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications