LM1951T

LM1951 Solid State 1 Amp Switch August 1992 LM1951 Solid State 1 Amp Switch General Description The LM1951 is a high current high voltage high side (PNP) switch with a built-in error detection circuit The LM1951 is guaranteed to deliver 1 Amp output current and is capable of withstanding up to g 85V transients The built-in error detection provides an error flag output under the following fault conditions output short to ground or supply open load current limit overvoltage or thermal shutdown The LM1951 will drive all types of resistive or inductive loads The output has a built-in negative voltage clamp b 30V) to provide a quick energy discharge path for ( inductive loads The LM1951 features TTL and CMOS compatible logic input with hysteresis Switching times both turn on and turn off are 2 ms (Cload k 0 005 mF) In addition its quiescent current in the OFF state is typically less than 0 1 mA at room temperature and less than 10 mA over the entire operating temperature and voltage range The LM1951 features make it well suited for industrial and automotive applications Features Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y Y 0 1 mA typical quiescent current (OFF state) 1 Amp output current guaranteed g 85V transient protection Reverse voltage protection Negative output voltage clamp Error flag output Internal overvoltage shutdown Internal thermal shutdown Short circuit proof High speed switching (up to 50 kHz) Inductive or resistive loads Low ON resistance (1X maximum) TTL CMOS compatible input with hysteresis Plastic TO-220 5-lead package ESD protected 4 5V to 26V operation Typical Application Circuit and Connection Diagram TL H 9133 – 1 VIN 0 1 Output OFF ON TO-220 5-Lead TL H 9133 – 2 Front View Order Number LM1951T See NS Package Number T05A C1995 National Semiconductor Corporation TL H 9133 RRD-B30M115 Printed in U S A Absolute Maximum Ratings If Military Aerospace specified devices are required please contact the National Semiconductor Sales Office Distributors for availability and specifications Supply Voltage Operational Voltage 26 VDC b 40 VDC t VCC s 85 VDC Sustained Voltage g 85V Transient Voltage Protection (u e 100 ms 1% Duty Cycle RS t 10X) Pins 4 5 26 VDC Power Dissipation (Note 1) Load Inductance Operating Temperature Range (TA) Maximum Junction Temperature Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec ) ESD Tolerance (Note 4) Internally Limited 1H b 40 C to a 125 C 150 C b 65 C to a 150 C 260 C 2000V Electrical Characteristics VCC e 12V Iout e 500 mA Cout e 0 001 mF TA e 25 C unless otherwise specified Parameter Supply Voltage VCC Operational Transient Conditions Typical Tested Limit (Note 2) 45 26 Design Limit (Note 3) Units Vmin Vmax V V 100 mAmax mAmax mAmax Amax mVmax Vmax Amin Amax 20 08 Vmax Vmin mAmax mAmin Vmin Vmax msmax msmax msmax msmax Vmax mAmin mAmax ms u e 100 ms 1% Duty Cycle RCC t 10X Iout e 0 mA VON OFF e 0 8V Iout e 250 mA VON OFF e 2 0V Iout e 600 mA VON OFF e 2 0V Iout e 1A VON OFF e 2 0V 01 260 630 1 06 400 07 13 Turn ON Turn OFF 14 12 25 b 85 85 Supply Current 10 270 650 12 600 10 10 25 Input Threshold Pin 5 4 5V s VCC s 26V 20 08 50 10 Output Clamp Iout s 600 mA b 30 b 40 b 24 Voltage Drop (VCC b VOUT) Short Circuit Current Iout e 600 mA VON OFF e 2 0V Iout e 1A VON OFF e 2 0V VOUT e 0V VON OFF e 2V Input Current Pin 5 0 8V s VON OFF s 5 5V Delay Time Rise Time Fall Time td ON td OFF Rload e 20X Cload e 0 001 mF 1 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 08 3 1 Error Flag Characteristics Output Voltage Sink Current Output Leakage Current Response Time Error Condition Pin 4 Low Sinking 10 mA Error Condition Pin 4 e 0 3V No Error Pin 4 e 26V VLOGIC e 5V RLOGIC e 2 kX CLOGIC e 0 mF 03 10 0 01 1 Note 1 Thermal resistance junction-to-case is 3 C W Thermal resistance case-to-ambient is 50 C W Note 2 Tested Limits are guaranteed and 100% production tested Note 3 Design Limits are guaranteed (but not 100% production tested) over the operating temperature and supply voltage range These limits are not used to calculate outgoing quality levels Note 4 Human body model 100 pF discharged through a 1 5 kX resistor 2 Typical Performance Characteristics Quiescent Current Quiescent Current Voltage Drop Voltage Drop Short Circuit Current High Voltage Behavior ON OFF Threshold (Pin 5) ON OFF Current (Pin 5) ON OFF Current (Pin 5) Output Voltage Resistive Load Output Voltage Inductive Load TL H 9133 – 3 3 Error Flag Output Characteristics Open Load Threshold Open Load Threshold Over Voltage Threshold TL H 9133 – 13 Truth Table Fault Condition Normal VON OFF L H Overvoltage L H Thermal Shutdown L H VOUT Short to GND L H VOUT Short to Vsupply L H Open Load L H Current Limit L H L j 0 s VON OFF s 0 8V Vout L H L L L L L L H H L H L H Error Flag H H L L L L H L L L H L H L H j 2V s VON OFF s 26V 4 Typical Applications TL H 9133 – 4 FIGURE 1 Solenoid Actuated Valve TL H 9133 – 5 FIGURE 2 60A 3-Phase Mercury Displacement Relay TL H 9133 – 6 Available from Germanium Power Devices Andover MA Tel (617) 475-5982 FIGURE 3 25A Switch with Short Circuit Foldback 5 Typical Applications (Continued) TL H 9133 – 7 FIGURE 4 Latching Switch TL H 9133 – 8 FIGURE 5 Temperature Controller with Hysteresis TL H 9133 – 9 FIGURE 6 DC Motor Driver 6 Typical Applications (Continued) TL H 9133 – 10 FIGURE 7 Over-Voltage Crowbar TL H 9133 – 11 Operation Empty Fill Switch Type Normally Open Normally Closed FIGURE 8 Fluid Level Controller TL H 9133 – 12 FIGURE 9 Indicator Lamp Driver 7 Application Hints When inductive loads are turned OFF they produce a negative voltage spike The LM1951 contains a voltage clamp that limits these spikes to approximately b30V thus an external clamp is not necessary in most applications Loads with an inductance of greater than 1H driven to full output current may damage the clamp simply by exceeding the power capabilities of the LM1951 An LM1951 can dissipate 25W continuous at 25 C ambient when mounted on a large heatsink If the load current is limited to 800 mA the sustained spike from an infinitely large inductance can be handled Sustained spikes produced by higher currents and high inductances will exceed the 25W limit For inductances above 1H care should be taken to see that the output current does not exceed a value that could damage the clamp While 800 mA is acceptable for the device running at 25 C ambient on a heatsink derate this current for smaller heatsinks or higher ambient temperatures to limit the junction temperature to 150 C Alternatively an external clamp or resonating capacitor can be added to handle any combination of load inductance load current and device temperature This is especially important if the output current is boosted such as the application shown in Figure 3 A peak power of 750W could be developed in the internal clamp if an inductive load is switched without external clamping Another case where the clamp’s power capability may be exceeded is when driving a solenoid The inductance of a solenoid is greatest when energized with the plunger pulled in As the plunger is pulled out of the solenoid the inductance goes down Under certain conditions of high solenoid inductance and fast mechanical time constants the current may actually increase when the solenoid is turned OFF Since the energy stored in an inductor cannot change instantaneously the current must increase to conserve energy when the inductance decreases This condition is traced by observing the load current with a current probe and storage oscilloscope Load capacitances larger than 1 nF will slow rise and fall times Inductive loads having a capacitive component larger than 1 nF will also exhibit overshoot Furthermore ringing may be evident in a combination inductive capacitive load or in an inductive load with supply decoupling capacitors in the range of 100 nF to 1 mF For fast rise and fall times and minimum ringing with inductive loads a supply decoupling capacitor of 10 nF and an output capacitor of 1 nF is recommended These should be located as close to the IC pins as possible The error flag is an open collector output that pulls low under certain fault conditions These errors include overvoltage (VCC l 26V) overcurrent (IOUT l 1 3A) undercurrent (IOUT k 2 mA) output short circuit to ground output short circuit to supply and junction temperature greater than 150 C By connecting a 2 kX resistor from the error flag output to a 5V supply a logic output to a microprocessor is provided The error flag can give seemingly false indications in a number of situations Slewing large capacitive loads (l100 nF) can drive the LM1951 into temporary current limit producing a momentary error indication Incandescent lamps and DC motors require an inrush current that will also cause a temporary current limit and error indication Large inductive loads (l50 mH) initially appear as open circuits falsing the error flag The error flag pulses for about 1 ms when any load is turned ON since the output is initially at ground In microprocessor systems these false indications are easily ignored in software In discrete logic circuits utilizing a latch at the error flag output some filtering may be required An internal current sink (10 mA minimum) is connected to the input pin 5 If this pin is left open it is guaranteed to pull low switching the LM1951 OFF This characteristic is important under certain fault conditions such as when the control line fails open cirucit Although the input threshold has hysteresis the switch points are derived from a very stable band-gap reference In many applications such as Figures 5 and 7 the LM1951 input can replace an extenal reference and comparator The input (pin 5) is clamped at b0 7V and includes a series resistance of approximately 30 kX This pin tolerates negative inputs of up to 1 mA without affecting the performance of the chip 8 9 LM1951 Solid State 1 Amp Switch Physical Dimensions inches (millimeters) Outline Drawing Order Number LM1951T NS Package Number T05A LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION As used herein 1 Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user National Semiconductor Corporation 1111 West Bardin Road Arlington TX 76017 Tel 1(800) 272-9959 Fax 1(800) 737-7018 2 A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system or to affect its safety or effectiveness National Semiconductor Europe Fax (a49) 0-180-530 85 86 Email cnjwge tevm2 nsc com Deutsch Tel (a49) 0-180-530 85 85 English 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