MC9S08SH32VWL

MC9S08SH32 MC9S08SH16 Data Sheet HCS08 Microcontrollers MC9S08SH32 Rev. 3 3/2014 freescale.com MC9S08SH32 Series Features 8-Bit HCS08 Central Processor Unit (CPU) • 40-MHz HCS08 CPU (central processor unit) • HC08 instruction set with added BGND instruction • Support for up to 32 interrupt/reset sources On-Chip Memory • FLASH read/program/erase over full operating voltage and temperature • Random-access memory (RAM) • Security circuitry to prevent unauthorized access to RAM and FLASH contents Power-Saving Modes • Two very low power stop modes • Reduced power wait mode • Very low power real time counter for use in run, wait, and stop Clock Source Options • Oscillator (XOSC) — Loop-control Pierce oscillator; Crystal or ceramic resonator range of 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz or 1 MHz to 16 MHz • Internal Clock Source (ICS) — Internal clock source module containing a frequency-locked loop (FLL) controlled by internal or external reference; precision trimming of internal reference allows 0.2% resolution and 2% deviation over temperature and voltage; 1.5% deviation using internal temperature compensation. • ICS supports bus frequencies from 2 MHz to 20 MHz. System Protection • Watchdog computer operating properly (COP) reset with option to run from dedicated 1-kHz internal clock source or bus clock • Low-voltage detection with reset or interrupt; selectable trip points • Illegal opcode detection with reset • Illegal address detection with reset • FLASH block protect Development Support • Single-wire background debug interface • Breakpoint capability to allow single breakpoint setting during in-circuit debugging (plus two more breakpoints in on-chip debug module) • On-chip, in-circuit emulation (ICE) debug module containing two comparators and nine trigger modes. Eight deep FIFO for storing change-of-flow address and event-only data. Debug module supports both tag and force breakpoints. Peripherals • ADC — 16-channel, 10-bit resolution, 2.5 μs conversion time, automatic compare function, temperature sensor, internal bandgap reference channel; runs in stop3 • ACMP — Analog comparators with selectable interrupt on rising, falling, or either edge of comparator output; compare option to fixed internal bandgap reference voltage; output can be optionally routed to TPM module; runs in stop3 • SCI — Full duplex non-return to zero (NRZ); LIN master extended break generation; LIN slave extended break detection; wake up on active edge • SPI — Full-duplex or single-wire bidirectional; Double-buffered transmit and receive; Master or Slave mode; MSB-first or LSB-first shifting • IIC — Up to 100 kbps with maximum bus loading; Multi-master operation; Programmable slave address; Interrupt driven byte-by-byte data transfer; supports broadcast mode and 10-bit addressing • MTIM — 8-bit modulo counter with 8-bit prescaler and overflow interrupt • TPMx — Two 2-channel timer pwm modules (TPM1, TPM2); Selectable input capture, output compare, or buffered edge- or center-aligned PWM on each channel • RTC — (Real-time counter) 8-bit modulus counter with binary or decimal based prescaler; External clock source for precise time base, time-of-day, calendar or task scheduling functions; Free running on-chip low power oscillator (1 kHz) for cyclic wake-up without external components, runs in all MCU modes Input/Output • 23 general purpose I/O pins (GPIOs) and 1 output-only pin • 8 interrupt pins with selectable polarity • Ganged output option for PTB[5:2] and PTC[3:0]; allows single write to change state of multiple pins • Hysteresis and configurable pull up device on all input pins; Configurable slew rate and drive strength on all output pins. Package Options • 28-TSSOP, 28-SOIC, 20-TSSOP, 16-TSSOP MC9S08SH32 Data Sheet Covers MC9S08SH32 MC9S08SH16 MC9S08SH32 Rev. 3 3/2014 Freescale™ and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2007-2014. All rights reserved. Revision History To provide the most up-to-date information, the revision of our documents on the World Wide Web will be the most current. Your printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verify you have the latest information available, refer to: http://freescale.com/ The following revision history table summarizes changes contained in this document. Revision Number Revision Date 1 10/2007 Updated The ACMP and TPM modules to version 3 and made numerous revisions to the Electricals. Updated device numbering scheme. 2 4/2008 Updated some electricals and made some minor grammatical/formatting revisions. Corrected the SPI block module version. Removed incorrect ADC temperature sensor value from the Features section. Updated the package information with a sample mask set identifier. 3 3/2014 Added a note to the Section 9.1, “Introduction”; updated Section 11.4.5, “Internal Reference Clock”; updated Section A.14.1, “Radiated Emissions”; updated Figure 4-1, Figure 4-6; updated Table 4-4; updated Table 7-2. Description of Changes © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 2007-2014. All rights reserved. This product incorporates SuperFlash® Technology licensed from SST. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 6 Freescale Semiconductor List of Chapters Chapter 1 Device Overview ...................................................................... 19 Chapter 2 Pins and Connections ............................................................. 23 Chapter 3 Modes of Operation ................................................................. 31 Chapter 4 Memory ..................................................................................... 37 Chapter 5 Resets, Interrupts, and General System Control.................. 59 Chapter 6 Parallel Input/Output Control.................................................. 75 Chapter 7 Central Processor Unit (S08CPUV3) ...................................... 93 Chapter 8 Analog Comparator 5-V (S08ACMPV3)................................ 113 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADC10V1)........................ 121 Chapter 10 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) ....................................... 149 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2)........................................ 167 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1).................................................. 181 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) ........................................... 191 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4)..................... 201 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) ................................ 221 Chapter 16 Timer Pulse-Width Modulator (S08TPMV3) ......................... 237 Chapter 17 Development Support ........................................................... 261 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics...................................................... 283 Appendix B Ordering Information and Mechanical Drawings................ 313 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 7 Contents Section Number 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.1 2.2 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Title Page Chapter 1 Device Overview Devices in the MC9S08SH32 Series............................................................................................... 19 MCU Block Diagram ...................................................................................................................... 20 System Clock Distribution .............................................................................................................. 22 Chapter 2 Pins and Connections Device Pin Assignment ................................................................................................................... 23 Recommended System Connections ............................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Power ................................................................................................................................ 26 2.2.2 Oscillator (XOSC) ............................................................................................................ 26 2.2.3 RESET .............................................................................................................................. 27 2.2.4 Background / Mode Select (BKGD/MS).......................................................................... 27 2.2.5 General-Purpose I/O and Peripheral Ports........................................................................ 28 Chapter 3 Modes of Operation Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 31 Features ........................................................................................................................................... 31 Run Mode........................................................................................................................................ 31 Active Background Mode ............................................................................................................... 31 Wait Mode ....................................................................................................................................... 32 Stop Modes...................................................................................................................................... 32 3.6.1 Stop3 Mode....................................................................................................................... 33 3.6.2 Stop2 Mode....................................................................................................................... 34 3.6.3 On-Chip Peripheral Modules in Stop Modes.................................................................... 34 Chapter 4 Memory MC9S08SH32 Series Memory Map ............................................................................................... 37 Reset and Interrupt Vector Assignments ......................................................................................... 38 Register Addresses and Bit Assignments........................................................................................ 39 RAM................................................................................................................................................ 46 FLASH ............................................................................................................................................ 46 4.5.1 Features ............................................................................................................................. 47 4.5.2 Program and Erase Times ................................................................................................. 47 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 9 Section Number 4.6 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 6.1 6.2 Title Page 4.5.3 Program and Erase Command Execution ......................................................................... 48 4.5.4 Burst Program Execution.................................................................................................. 49 4.5.5 Access Errors .................................................................................................................... 51 4.5.6 FLASH Block Protection.................................................................................................. 51 4.5.7 Vector Redirection ............................................................................................................ 52 Security............................................................................................................................................ 52 FLASH Registers and Control Bits................................................................................................. 53 4.7.1 FLASH Clock Divider Register (FCDIV) ........................................................................ 54 4.7.2 FLASH Options Register (FOPT and NVOPT)................................................................ 55 4.7.3 FLASH Configuration Register (FCNFG) ....................................................................... 56 4.7.4 FLASH Protection Register (FPROT and NVPROT) ...................................................... 56 4.7.5 FLASH Status Register (FSTAT)...................................................................................... 57 4.7.6 FLASH Command Register (FCMD)............................................................................... 58 Chapter 5 Resets, Interrupts, and General System Control Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 59 Features ........................................................................................................................................... 59 MCU Reset...................................................................................................................................... 59 Computer Operating Properly (COP) Watchdog............................................................................. 60 Interrupts ......................................................................................................................................... 61 5.5.1 Interrupt Stack Frame ....................................................................................................... 62 5.5.2 External Interrupt Request Pin (IRQ) ............................................................................... 63 5.5.3 Interrupt Vectors, Sources, and Local Masks ................................................................... 63 Low-Voltage Detect (LVD) System ................................................................................................ 65 5.6.1 Power-On Reset Operation ............................................................................................... 65 5.6.2 Low-Voltage Detection (LVD) Reset Operation............................................................... 65 5.6.3 Low-Voltage Warning (LVW) Interrupt Operation........................................................... 65 Reset, Interrupt, and System Control Registers and Control Bits................................................... 65 5.7.1 Interrupt Pin Request Status and Control Register (IRQSC)............................................ 66 5.7.2 System Reset Status Register (SRS) ................................................................................. 67 5.7.3 System Background Debug Force Reset Register (SBDFR)............................................ 68 5.7.4 System Options Register 1 (SOPT1) ................................................................................ 69 5.7.5 System Options Register 2 (SOPT2) ................................................................................ 70 5.7.6 System Device Identification Register (SDIDH, SDIDL)................................................ 71 5.7.7 System Power Management Status and Control 1 Register (SPMSC1) ........................... 72 5.7.8 System Power Management Status and Control 2 Register (SPMSC2) ........................... 73 Chapter 6 Parallel Input/Output Control Port Data and Data Direction .......................................................................................................... 75 Pull-up, Slew Rate, and Drive Strength .......................................................................................... 76 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 10 Freescale Semiconductor Section Number 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 8.1 Title Page Ganged Output ................................................................................................................................ 77 Pin Interrupts ................................................................................................................................... 78 6.4.1 Edge-Only Sensitivity....................................................................................................... 78 6.4.2 Edge and Level Sensitivity ............................................................................................... 79 6.4.3 Pull-up/Pull-down Resistors ............................................................................................. 79 6.4.4 Pin Interrupt Initialization................................................................................................. 79 Pin Behavior in Stop Modes............................................................................................................ 79 Parallel I/O and Pin Control Registers ............................................................................................ 80 6.6.1 Port A Registers ................................................................................................................ 81 6.6.2 Port B Registers ................................................................................................................ 86 6.6.3 Port C Registers ................................................................................................................ 90 Chapter 7 Central Processor Unit (S08CPUV3) Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 93 7.1.1 Features ............................................................................................................................. 93 Programmer’s Model and CPU Registers ....................................................................................... 94 7.2.1 Accumulator (A) ............................................................................................................... 94 7.2.2 Index Register (H:X) ........................................................................................................ 94 7.2.3 Stack Pointer (SP) ............................................................................................................. 95 7.2.4 Program Counter (PC) ...................................................................................................... 95 7.2.5 Condition Code Register (CCR) ....................................................................................... 95 Addressing Modes........................................................................................................................... 97 7.3.1 Inherent Addressing Mode (INH)..................................................................................... 97 7.3.2 Relative Addressing Mode (REL) .................................................................................... 97 7.3.3 Immediate Addressing Mode (IMM)................................................................................ 97 7.3.4 Direct Addressing Mode (DIR) ........................................................................................ 97 7.3.5 Extended Addressing Mode (EXT) .................................................................................. 98 7.3.6 Indexed Addressing Mode ................................................................................................ 98 Special Operations........................................................................................................................... 99 7.4.1 Reset Sequence ................................................................................................................. 99 7.4.2 Interrupt Sequence ............................................................................................................ 99 7.4.3 Wait Mode Operation...................................................................................................... 100 7.4.4 Stop Mode Operation...................................................................................................... 100 7.4.5 BGND Instruction........................................................................................................... 101 HCS08 Instruction Set Summary .................................................................................................. 102 Chapter 8 Analog Comparator 5-V (S08ACMPV3) Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 113 8.1.1 ACMP Configuration Information.................................................................................. 113 8.1.2 ACMP/TPM Configuration Information ........................................................................ 113 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 11 Section Number 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 Title Page Features ......................................................................................................................................... Modes of Operation....................................................................................................................... 8.3.1 ACMP in Wait Mode ...................................................................................................... 8.3.2 ACMP in Stop Modes..................................................................................................... 8.3.3 ACMP in Active Background Mode .............................................................................. Block Diagram .............................................................................................................................. External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... Memory Map ................................................................................................................................ 8.6.1 Register Descriptions ...................................................................................................... Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 115 115 115 115 115 115 117 117 117 119 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADC10V1) Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 121 9.1.1 Channel Assignments ..................................................................................................... 121 9.1.2 Analog Power and Ground Signal Names ...................................................................... 122 9.1.3 Alternate Clock ............................................................................................................... 122 9.1.4 Hardware Trigger............................................................................................................ 122 9.1.5 Temperature Sensor ........................................................................................................ 122 9.1.6 Features ........................................................................................................................... 125 9.1.7 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 125 External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... 126 9.2.1 Analog Power (VDDAD).................................................................................................. 127 9.2.2 Analog Ground (VSSAD)................................................................................................. 127 9.2.3 Voltage Reference High (VREFH) ................................................................................... 127 9.2.4 Voltage Reference Low (VREFL) .................................................................................... 127 9.2.5 Analog Channel Inputs (ADx) ........................................................................................ 127 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 127 9.3.1 Status and Control Register 1 (ADCSC1) ...................................................................... 127 9.3.2 Status and Control Register 2 (ADCSC2) ...................................................................... 129 9.3.3 Data Result High Register (ADCRH)............................................................................. 130 9.3.4 Data Result Low Register (ADCRL).............................................................................. 130 9.3.5 Compare Value High Register (ADCCVH).................................................................... 131 9.3.6 Compare Value Low Register (ADCCVL) ..................................................................... 131 9.3.7 Configuration Register (ADCCFG)................................................................................ 131 9.3.8 Pin Control 1 Register (APCTL1) .................................................................................. 133 9.3.9 Pin Control 2 Register (APCTL2) .................................................................................. 134 9.3.10 Pin Control 3 Register (APCTL3) .................................................................................. 135 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 136 9.4.1 Clock Select and Divide Control .................................................................................... 136 9.4.2 Input Select and Pin Control ........................................................................................... 137 9.4.3 Hardware Trigger............................................................................................................ 137 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 12 Freescale Semiconductor Section Number 9.5 9.6 Title Page 9.4.4 Conversion Control......................................................................................................... 137 9.4.5 Automatic Compare Function......................................................................................... 140 9.4.6 MCU Wait Mode Operation............................................................................................ 140 9.4.7 MCU Stop3 Mode Operation.......................................................................................... 140 9.4.8 MCU Stop1 and Stop2 Mode Operation......................................................................... 141 Initialization Information .............................................................................................................. 141 9.5.1 ADC Module Initialization Example ............................................................................. 141 Application Information................................................................................................................ 143 9.6.1 External Pins and Routing .............................................................................................. 143 9.6.2 Sources of Error .............................................................................................................. 145 Chapter 10 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 149 10.1.1 Module Configuration..................................................................................................... 149 10.1.2 Features ........................................................................................................................... 151 10.1.3 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................ 151 10.1.4 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 151 10.2 External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... 152 10.2.1 SCL — Serial Clock Line ............................................................................................... 152 10.2.2 SDA — Serial Data Line ................................................................................................ 152 10.3 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 152 10.3.1 IIC Address Register (IICA)........................................................................................... 153 10.3.2 IIC Frequency Divider Register (IICF) .......................................................................... 153 10.3.3 IIC Control Register (IICC1) .......................................................................................... 156 10.3.4 IIC Status Register (IICS)............................................................................................... 156 10.3.5 IIC Data I/O Register (IICD) .......................................................................................... 157 10.3.6 IIC Control Register 2 (IICC2) ....................................................................................... 158 10.4 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 159 10.4.1 IIC Protocol..................................................................................................................... 159 10.4.2 10-bit Address................................................................................................................. 162 10.4.3 General Call Address ...................................................................................................... 163 10.5 Resets ............................................................................................................................................ 163 10.6 Interrupts ....................................................................................................................................... 163 10.6.1 Byte Transfer Interrupt.................................................................................................... 163 10.6.2 Address Detect Interrupt ................................................................................................. 164 10.6.3 Arbitration Lost Interrupt................................................................................................ 164 10.7 Initialization/Application Information .......................................................................................... 165 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 167 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 13 Section Number Title Page 11.1.1 Module Configuration..................................................................................................... 167 11.1.2 Features ........................................................................................................................... 169 11.1.3 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 169 11.1.4 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................ 170 11.2 External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... 171 11.3 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 171 11.3.1 ICS Control Register 1 (ICSC1) ..................................................................................... 172 11.3.2 ICS Control Register 2 (ICSC2) ..................................................................................... 173 11.3.3 ICS Trim Register (ICSTRM)......................................................................................... 174 11.3.4 ICS Status and Control (ICSSC)..................................................................................... 174 11.4 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 175 11.4.1 Operational Modes.......................................................................................................... 175 11.4.2 Mode Switching .............................................................................................................. 177 11.4.3 Bus Frequency Divider ................................................................................................... 178 11.4.4 Low Power Bit Usage ..................................................................................................... 178 11.4.5 Internal Reference Clock ................................................................................................ 178 11.4.6 Optional External Reference Clock ................................................................................ 178 11.4.7 Fixed Frequency Clock ................................................................................................... 179 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 181 12.1.1 MTIM Configuration Information .................................................................................. 181 12.1.2 Features ........................................................................................................................... 183 12.1.3 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................ 183 12.1.4 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 184 12.2 External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... 184 12.3 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 185 12.3.1 MTIM Status and Control Register (MTIMSC) ............................................................. 186 12.3.2 MTIM Clock Configuration Register (MTIMCLK)....................................................... 187 12.3.3 MTIM Counter Register (MTIMCNT)........................................................................... 188 12.3.4 MTIM Modulo Register (MTIMMOD).......................................................................... 188 12.4 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 189 12.4.1 MTIM Operation Example ............................................................................................. 190 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) 13.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 191 13.1.1 Features ........................................................................................................................... 193 13.1.2 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................ 193 13.1.3 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 194 13.2 External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... 194 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 14 Freescale Semiconductor Section Number Title Page 13.3 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 194 13.3.1 RTC Status and Control Register (RTCSC).................................................................... 195 13.3.2 RTC Counter Register (RTCCNT).................................................................................. 196 13.3.3 RTC Modulo Register (RTCMOD) ................................................................................ 196 13.4 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 196 13.4.1 RTC Operation Example................................................................................................. 197 13.5 Initialization/Application Information .......................................................................................... 198 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 14.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 201 14.1.1 Features ........................................................................................................................... 203 14.1.2 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................ 203 14.1.3 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 204 14.2 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 206 14.2.1 SCI Baud Rate Registers (SCIxBDH, SCIxBDL) .......................................................... 206 14.2.2 SCI Control Register 1 (SCIxC1) ................................................................................... 207 14.2.3 SCI Control Register 2 (SCIxC2) ................................................................................... 208 14.2.4 SCI Status Register 1 (SCIxS1) ...................................................................................... 209 14.2.5 SCI Status Register 2 (SCIxS2) ...................................................................................... 211 14.2.6 SCI Control Register 3 (SCIxC3) ................................................................................... 212 14.2.7 SCI Data Register (SCIxD)............................................................................................. 213 14.3 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 213 14.3.1 Baud Rate Generation ..................................................................................................... 213 14.3.2 Transmitter Functional Description ................................................................................ 214 14.3.3 Receiver Functional Description .................................................................................... 215 14.3.4 Interrupts and Status Flags.............................................................................................. 217 14.3.5 Additional SCI Functions ............................................................................................... 218 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) 15.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 221 15.1.1 Features ........................................................................................................................... 223 15.1.2 Block Diagrams .............................................................................................................. 223 15.1.3 SPI Baud Rate Generation .............................................................................................. 225 15.2 External Signal Description .......................................................................................................... 226 15.2.1 SPSCK — SPI Serial Clock............................................................................................ 226 15.2.2 MOSI — Master Data Out, Slave Data In ...................................................................... 226 15.2.3 MISO — Master Data In, Slave Data Out ...................................................................... 226 15.2.4 SS — Slave Select .......................................................................................................... 226 15.3 Modes of Operation....................................................................................................................... 227 15.3.1 SPI in Stop Modes .......................................................................................................... 227 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 15 Section Number Title Page 15.4 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 227 15.4.1 SPI Control Register 1 (SPIxC1) .................................................................................... 227 15.4.2 SPI Control Register 2 (SPIxC2) .................................................................................... 228 15.4.3 SPI Baud Rate Register (SPIxBR).................................................................................. 229 15.4.4 SPI Status Register (SPIxS) ............................................................................................ 230 15.4.5 SPI Data Register (SPIxD) ............................................................................................. 231 15.5 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 232 15.5.1 SPI Clock Formats .......................................................................................................... 232 15.5.2 SPI Interrupts .................................................................................................................. 235 15.5.3 Mode Fault Detection ..................................................................................................... 235 Chapter 16 Timer Pulse-Width Modulator (S08TPMV3) 16.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 237 16.1.1 TPM Configuration Information..................................................................................... 237 16.1.2 TPM Pin Repositioning .................................................................................................. 237 16.1.3 Features ........................................................................................................................... 239 16.1.4 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................ 239 16.1.5 Block Diagram ................................................................................................................ 240 16.2 Signal Description ......................................................................................................................... 242 16.2.1 Detailed Signal Descriptions .......................................................................................... 242 16.3 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 246 16.3.1 TPM Status and Control Register (TPMxSC) ................................................................ 246 16.3.2 TPM-Counter Registers (TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL).................................................... 247 16.3.3 TPM Counter Modulo Registers (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL).................................... 248 16.3.4 TPM Channel n Status and Control Register (TPMxCnSC) .......................................... 249 16.3.5 TPM Channel Value Registers (TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL) .......................................... 251 16.4 Functional Description .................................................................................................................. 252 16.4.1 Counter............................................................................................................................ 253 16.4.2 Channel Mode Selection ................................................................................................. 255 16.5 Reset Overview ............................................................................................................................. 258 16.5.1 General............................................................................................................................ 258 16.5.2 Description of Reset Operation....................................................................................... 258 16.6 Interrupts ....................................................................................................................................... 258 16.6.1 General............................................................................................................................ 258 16.6.2 Description of Interrupt Operation ................................................................................. 259 Chapter 17 Development Support 17.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 261 17.1.1 Forcing Active Background............................................................................................ 261 17.1.2 Features ........................................................................................................................... 262 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 16 Freescale Semiconductor Section Number Title Page 17.2 Background Debug Controller (BDC) .......................................................................................... 262 17.2.1 BKGD Pin Description ................................................................................................... 263 17.2.2 Communication Details .................................................................................................. 264 17.2.3 BDC Commands ............................................................................................................. 268 17.2.4 BDC Hardware Breakpoint............................................................................................. 270 17.3 On-Chip Debug System (DBG) .................................................................................................... 271 17.3.1 Comparators A and B ..................................................................................................... 271 17.3.2 Bus Capture Information and FIFO Operation ............................................................... 271 17.3.3 Change-of-Flow Information .......................................................................................... 272 17.3.4 Tag vs. Force Breakpoints and Triggers ......................................................................... 272 17.3.5 Trigger Modes................................................................................................................. 273 17.3.6 Hardware Breakpoints .................................................................................................... 275 17.4 Register Definition ........................................................................................................................ 275 17.4.1 BDC Registers and Control Bits ..................................................................................... 275 17.4.2 System Background Debug Force Reset Register (SBDFR).......................................... 277 17.4.3 DBG Registers and Control Bits..................................................................................... 278 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.1 A.2 A.3 A.4 A.5 A.6 A.7 A.8 A.9 A.10 A.11 A.12 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................283 Parameter Classification.................................................................................................................283 Absolute Maximum Ratings...........................................................................................................283 Thermal Characteristics..................................................................................................................285 ESD Protection and Latch-Up Immunity .......................................................................................287 DC Characteristics..........................................................................................................................288 Supply Current Characteristics.......................................................................................................292 External Oscillator (XOSC) Characteristics ..................................................................................296 Internal Clock Source (ICS) Characteristics ..................................................................................298 Analog Comparator (ACMP) Electricals .......................................................................................299 ADC Characteristics.......................................................................................................................300 AC Characteristics..........................................................................................................................304 A.12.1 Control Timing ................................................................................................................304 A.12.2 TPM/MTIM Module Timing ...........................................................................................306 A.12.3 SPI....................................................................................................................................307 A.13 Flash Specifications........................................................................................................................310 A.14 EMC Performance..........................................................................................................................311 A.14.1 Radiated Emissions..........................................................................................................311 Appendix B Ordering Information and Mechanical Drawings B.1 Ordering Information .....................................................................................................................313 B.1.1 Device Numbering Scheme .............................................................................................313 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 17 B.2 Package Information and Mechanical Drawings ...........................................................................314 Chapter 1 Device Overview The MC9S08SH32 members of the low-cost, high-performance HCS08 Family of 8-bit microcontroller units (MCUs). All MCUs in the family use the enhanced HCS08 core and are available with a variety of modules, memory sizes, memory types, and package types. 1.1 Devices in the MC9S08SH32 Series Table 1-1 summarizes the feature set available in the MC9S08SH32 series of MCUs. Table 1-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Features by MCU and Package t Feature FLASH size (bytes) 9S08SH32 9S08SH16 32768 16384 RAM size (bytes) Pin quantity 1024 28 20 16 16 12 8 ACMP DBG yes ICS yes IIC yes IRQ yes MTIM yes Pin Interrupts 1 16 16 12 8 23 17 13 8 23 17 13 RTC yes SCI yes SPI yes TPM1 channels 2 TPM2 channels 2 XOSC 1 20 yes ADC channels Pin I/O 28 yes Port I/O count does not include the output-only PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 19 Chapter 1 Device Overview 1.2 MCU Block Diagram The block diagram in Figure 1-1 shows the structure of the MC9S08SH32 Series MCU. BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) TCLK 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) SDA VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDDA/VREFH VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VDD PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ SS MISO MOSI SPSCK PORT B CPU COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL, are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 1-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 20 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 1 Device Overview Table 1-2 provides the functional version of the on-chip modules Table 1-2. Module Versions Module Version Analog Comparator (5V) (ACMP) 3 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 1 Central Processor Unit (CPU) 3 Inter-Integrated Circuit (IIC) 2 Internal Clock Source (ICS) 2 Low Power Oscillator (XOSC) 1 Modulo Timer (MTIM) 1 On-Chip In-Circuit Emulator (DBG) 2 Real-Time Counter (RTC) 1 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 3 Serial Communications Interface (SCI) 4 Timer Pulse Width Modulator (TPM) 3 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 21 Chapter 1 Device Overview 1.3 System Clock Distribution Figure 1-2 shows a simplified clock connection diagram. Some modules in the MCU have selectable clock inputs as shown. The clock inputs to the modules indicate the clock(s) that are used to drive the module function. The following defines the clocks used in this MCU: • BUSCLK — The frequency of the bus is always half of ICSOUT. • ICSOUT — Primary output of the ICS and is twice the bus frequency. • ICSLCLK — Development tools can select this clock source to speed up BDC communications in systems where the bus clock is configured to run at a very slow frequency. • ICSERCLK — External reference clock can be selected as the RTC clock source and as the alternate clock for the ADC module. • ICSIRCLK — Internal reference clock can be selected as the RTC clock source. • ICSFFCLK — Fixed frequency clock can be selected as clock source for the TPM1, TPM2 and MTIM modules. • LPOCLK — Independent 1-kHz clock source that can be selected as the clock source for the COP and RTC modules. • TCLK — External input clock source for TPM1, TPM2 and MTIM and is referenced as TPMCLK in TPM chapters. TCLK 1 kHZ LPO LPOCLK COP RTC TPM1 TPM2 MTIM SCI SPI ICSERCLK ICSIRCLK ICS ICSFFCLK ÷2 ICSOUT ÷2 FFCLK* SYNC* BUSCLK ICSLCLK XOSC CPU EXTAL BDC XTAL * The fixed frequency clock (FFCLK) is internally synchronized to the bus clock and must not exceed one half of the bus clock frequency. ADC IIC ADC has min and max frequency requirements. See the ADC chapter and electricals appendix for details. FLASH FLASH has frequency requirements for program and erase operation. See the electricals appendix for details. Figure 1-2. System Clock Distribution Diagram MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 22 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 2 Pins and Connections This section describes signals that connect to package pins. It includes pinout diagrams, recommended system connections, and detailed discussions of signals. 2.1 Device Pin Assignment Figure 2-1 - Figure 2-3 shows the pin assignments for the MC9S08SH32 Series devices. 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 PTC5/ADP13 PTC4/ADP12 PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS VDD VDDA/VREFH VSSA/VREFL VSS PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC6/ADP14 PTC7/ADP15 PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA2/PIA2/SDA/ADP2 PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 PTA6/TPM2CH0 PTA7/TPM2CH1 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 Figure 2-1. 28-Pin SOIC and TSSOP PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS VDD VSS PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA2/PIA2/SDA/ADP2 PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 Figure 2-2. 20-Pin TSSOP MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 23 Chapter 2 Pins and Connections PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS VDD VSS PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA2/PIA2/SDA/ADP2 PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 Figure 2-3. 16-Pin TSSOP MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 24 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 2 Pins and Connections 2.2 Recommended System Connections Figure 2-4 shows pin connections that are common to MC9S08SH32 Series application systems. MC9S08SH32 BACKGROUND HEADER PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ BKGD/MS VDD VDD PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA2/PIA2/SDA/ADP2 PORT A 4.7 kΩ–10 kΩ PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PTA6/TPM2CH0 PTA7/TPM2CH1 RESET OPTIONAL MANUAL RESET 0.1 μF PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 PORT B PTC2/ADP10 PTC3/ADP11 PTC4/ADP12 PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PORT C PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB6/SDA/XTAL PTC5/ADP13 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTC6/ADP14 PTC7/ADP15 RF + 5V RS VDD CBLK + 10 μF CBY 0.1 μF C1 VSS SYSTEM POWER X1 C2 NOTE 1 VDDA\VREFH CBY 0.1 μF VSSA\VREFL NOTES: 1. External crystal circuit not required if using the internal clock option. 2. RESET pin can only be used to reset into user mode, you can not enter BDM using RESET pin. BDM can be entered by holding MS low during POR or writing a 1 to BDFR in SBDFR with MS low after issuing BDM command. 3. RC filter on RESET pin recommended for noisy environments. 4. For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. 5. When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 2-4. Basic System Connections MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 25 Chapter 2 Pins and Connections 2.2.1 Power VDD and VSS are the primary power supply pins for the MCU. This voltage source supplies power to all I/O buffer circuitry and to an internal voltage regulator. The internal voltage regulator provides regulated lower-voltage source to the CPU and other internal circuitry of the MCU. Typically, application systems have two separate capacitors across the power pins. In this case, there should be a bulk electrolytic capacitor, such as a 10-μF tantalum capacitor, to provide bulk charge storage for the overall system and a 0.1-μF ceramic bypass capacitor located as near to the MCU power pins as practical to suppress high-frequency noise. Each pin must have a bypass capacitor for best noise suppression. VDDA and VSSA are the analog power supply pins for MCU. This voltage source supplies power to the ADC module. A 0.1uF ceramic bypass capacitor should be located as near to the MCU power pins as practical to suppress high-frequency noise. The VREFH and VREFL pins are the voltage reference high and voltage reference low inputs, respectively for the ADC module. For this MCU, VDDA shares the VREFH pin and these pins are available only in the 28-pin packages. In the 16-pin and 20-pin packages they are double bonded to the VDD pin. For this MCU, VSSA shares the VREFL pin and these pins are available only in the 28-pin packages. In the 16-pin and 20-pin packages they are double bonded to the VSS pin. 2.2.2 Oscillator (XOSC) Immediately after reset, the MCU uses an internally generated clock provided by the clock source generator (ICS) module. For more information on the ICS, see Chapter 11, “Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2).” The oscillator (XOSC) in this MCU is a Pierce oscillator that can accommodate a crystal or ceramic resonator. Rather than a crystal or ceramic resonator, an external oscillator can be connected to the EXTAL input pin. Refer to Figure 2-4 for the following discussion. RS (when used) and RF should be low-inductance resistors such as carbon composition resistors. Wire-wound resistors, and some metal film resistors, have too much inductance. C1 and C2 normally should be high-quality ceramic capacitors that are specifically designed for high-frequency applications. RF is used to provide a bias path to keep the EXTAL input in its linear range during crystal startup; its value is not generally critical. Typical systems use 1 MΩ to 10 MΩ. Higher values are sensitive to humidity and lower values reduce gain and (in extreme cases) could prevent startup. C1 and C2 are typically in the 5-pF to 25-pF range and are chosen to match the requirements of a specific crystal or resonator. Be sure to take into account printed circuit board (PCB) capacitance and MCU pin capacitance when selecting C1 and C2. The crystal manufacturer typically specifies a load capacitance which is the series combination of C1 and C2 (which are usually the same size). As a first-order approximation, use 10 pF as an estimate of combined pin and PCB capacitance for each oscillator pin (EXTAL and XTAL). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 26 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 2 Pins and Connections 2.2.3 RESET After a power-on reset (POR), the PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET pin defaults to a general-purpose I/O port pin, PTA5. Setting RSTPE in SOPT1 configures the pin to be the RESET pin with an open-drain drive containing an internal pull-up device. After configured as RESET, the pin will remain RESET until the next POR. The RESET pin when enabled can be used to reset the MCU from an external source when the pin is driven low. Internal power-on reset and low-voltage reset circuitry typically make external reset circuitry unnecessary. This pin is normally connected to the standard 6-pin background debug connector so a development system can directly reset the MCU system. If desired, a manual external reset can be added by supplying a simple switch to ground (pull reset pin low to force a reset). Whenever any non-POR reset is initiated (whether from an external signal or from an internal system), the RESET pin if enabled is driven low for about 66 bus cycles. The reset circuitry decodes the cause of reset and records it by setting a corresponding bit in the system reset status register (SRS). NOTE This pin does not contain a clamp diode to VDD and should not be driven above VDD. The voltage measured on the internally pulled up RESET pin will not be pulled to VDD. The internal gates connected to this pin are pulled to VDD. If the RESET pin is required to drive to a VDD level an external pullup should be used. NOTE In EMC-sensitive applications, an external RC filter is recommended on the RESET pin. See Figure 2-4 for an example. 2.2.4 Background / Mode Select (BKGD/MS) During a power-on-reset (POR) or background debug force reset (see Section 5.7.3, “System Background Debug Force Reset Register (SBDFR),” for more information), the PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS pin functions as a mode select pin. Immediately after any reset, the pin functions as the background pin and can be used for background debug communication. When enabled as the BKGD/MS pin (BKGDPE = 1), an internal pullup device is automatically enabled. The background debug communication function is enabled when BKGDPE in SOPT1 is set. BKGDPE is set following any reset of the MCU and must be cleared to use the PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS pin’s alternative pin function. If nothing is connected to this pin, the MCU will enter normal operating mode at the rising edge of the internal reset after a POR or force BDC reset. If a debug system is connected to the 6-pin standard background debug header, it can hold BKGD/MS low during a POR or immediately after issuing a background debug force reset, which will force the MCU to active background mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 27 Chapter 2 Pins and Connections The BKGD pin is used primarily for background debug controller (BDC) communications using a custom protocol that uses 16 clock cycles of the target MCU’s BDC clock per bit time. The target MCU’s BDC clock could be as fast as the maximum bus clock rate, so there must never be any significant capacitance connected to the BKGD/MS pin that could interfere with background serial communications. Although the BKGD pin is a pseudo open-drain pin, the background debug communication protocol provides brief, actively driven, high speedup pulses to ensure fast rise times. Small capacitances from cables and the absolute value of the internal pullup device play almost no role in determining rise and fall times on the BKGD pin. 2.2.5 General-Purpose I/O and Peripheral Ports The MC9S08SH32 Series series of MCUs support up to 23 general-purpose I/O pins and 1 output-only pin, which are shared with on-chip peripheral functions (timers, serial I/O, ADC, etc.). When a port pin is configured as a general-purpose output or a peripheral uses the port pin as an output, software can select one of two drive strengths and enable or disable slew rate control. When a port pin is configured as a general-purpose input or a peripheral uses the port pin as an input, software can enable a pull-up device. Immediately after reset, all of these pins are configured as high-impedance general-purpose inputs with internal pull-up devices disabled. When an on-chip peripheral system is controlling a pin, data direction control bits still determine what is read from port data registers even though the peripheral module controls the pin direction by controlling the enable for the pin’s output buffer. For information about controlling these pins as general-purpose I/O pins, see Chapter 6, “Parallel Input/Output Control.” The MC9S08SH32 Series devices contain a ganged output drive feature that allows a safe and reliable method of allowing pins to be tied together externally to produce a higher output current drive. See Section 6.3, “Ganged Output” for more information for configuring the port pins for ganged output drive. NOTE To avoid extra current drain from floating input pins, the reset initialization routine in the application program should either enable on-chip pull-up devices or change the direction of unused pins to outputs so they do not float. When using the 20-pin devices, the user must either enable on-chip pullup devices or change the direction of non-bonded PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 pins to outputs so the pins do not float. When using the 16-pin devices, the user must either enable on-chip pullup devices or change the direction of non-bonded out PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 pins to outputs so the pins do not float. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 28 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 2 Pins and Connections Table 2-1. Pin Availability by Package Pin-Count Priority Pin Number Lowest Port Pin Highest 28-pin 20-pin 16-pin Alt 1 Alt 2 Alt 3 Alt 4 1 — — PTC5 ADP13 2 — — PTC4 ADP12 3 1 1 PTA5 IRQ 4 2 2 PTA4 ACMPO 3 3 4 4 RESET1 TCLK BKGD 5 6 VDDA VREFH VSSA VREFL VSS 9 5 5 PTB7 SCL2 10 6 6 PTB6 SDA2 EXTAL XTAL 11 7 7 PTB5 TPM1CH1 SS PTC04 12 8 8 PTB4 TPM2CH15 MISO PTC04 13 9 — PTC3 PTC04 ADP11 14 10 — PTC2 PTC04 ADP10 3 PTC04 ADP9 3 PTC04 ADP8 4 ADP7 ADP6 15 16 11 12 — — PTC1 PTC0 3 TPM1CH1 TPM1CH0 17 13 9 PTB3 PIB3 MOSI PTC0 18 14 10 PTB2 PIB2 SPSCK PTC04 19 15 11 PTB1 PIB1 TxD ADP5 20 16 12 PTB0 PIB0 RxD ADP4 5 21 — — PTA7 TPM2CH1 22 — — PTA6 TPM2CH05 23 17 13 PTA3 PIA3 SCL2 PIA2 2 24 MS VDD 7 8 Alt5 18 14 PTA2 SDA ADP3 ADP2 5 25 19 15 PTA1 PIA1 TPM2CH0 ADP16 ACMP-6 26 20 16 PTA0 PIA0 TPM1CH03 ADP06 ACMP+6 27 — — PTC7 ADP15 28 — — PTC6 ADP14 1 Pin does not contain a clamp diode to VDD and should not be driven above VDD. The voltage measured on the internally pulled up RESET in will not be pulled to VDD. The internal gates connected to this pin are pulled to VDD. 2 IIC pins can be repositioned using IICPS in SOPT2, default reset locations are PTA2, PTA3. 3 TPM1CHx pins can be repositioned using T1CHxPS bits in SOPT2, default reset locations are PTA0, PTB5. This port pin is part of the ganged output feature. When pin is enabled for ganged output, it will have priority over all digital modules. The output data, drive strength and slew-rate control of this port pin will follow the configuration for the PTC0 pin, even in 16-pin packages where PTC0 doesn’t bond out. 5 TPM2CHx pins can be repositioned using T2CHxPS bits in SOPT2, default reset locations are PTA1, PTB4. 6 If ACMP and ADC are both enabled, both will have access to the pin. 4 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 29 Chapter 2 Pins and Connections MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 30 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 3 Modes of Operation 3.1 Introduction The operating modes of the MC9S08SH32 Series are described in this chapter. Entry into each mode, exit from each mode, and functionality while in each of the modes are described. 3.2 • • • 3.3 Features Active background mode for code development Wait mode — CPU shuts down to conserve power; system clocks are running and full regulation is maintained Stop modes — System clocks are stopped and voltage regulator is in standby — Stop3 — All internal circuits are powered for fast recovery — Stop2 — Partial power down of internal circuits, RAM content is retained Run Mode This is the normal operating mode for the MC9S08SH32 Series. This mode is selected upon the MCU exiting reset if the BKGD/MS pin is high. In this mode, the CPU executes code from internal memory with execution beginning at the address fetched from memory at 0xFFFE–0xFFFF after reset. 3.4 Active Background Mode The active background mode functions are managed through the background debug controller (BDC) in the HCS08 core. The BDC, together with the on-chip debug module (DBG), provide the means for analyzing MCU operation during software development. Active background mode is entered in any of the following ways: • When the BKGD/MS pin is low during POR or immediately after issuing a background debug force reset (see Section 5.7.3, “System Background Debug Force Reset Register (SBDFR)”) • When a BACKGROUND command is received through the BKGD/MS pin • When a BGND instruction is executed • When encountering a BDC breakpoint • When encountering a DBG breakpoint After entering active background mode, the CPU is held in a suspended state waiting for serial background commands rather than executing instructions from the user application program. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 31 Chapter 3 Modes of Operation Background commands are of two types: • Non-intrusive commands, defined as commands that can be issued while the user program is running. Non-intrusive commands can be issued through the BKGD/MS pin while the MCU is in run mode; non-intrusive commands can also be executed when the MCU is in the active background mode. Non-intrusive commands include: — Memory access commands — Memory-access-with-status commands — BDC register access commands — The BACKGROUND command • Active background commands, which can only be executed while the MCU is in active background mode. Active background commands include commands to: — Read or write CPU registers — Trace one user program instruction at a time — Leave active background mode to return to the user application program (GO) The active background mode is used to program a bootloader or user application program into the FLASH program memory before the MCU is operated in run mode for the first time. When the MC9S08SH32 Series is shipped from the Freescale Semiconductor factory, the FLASH program memory is erased by default unless specifically noted so there is no program that could be executed in run mode until the FLASH memory is initially programmed. The active background mode can also be used to erase and reprogram the FLASH memory after it has been previously programmed. For additional information about the active background mode, refer to Chapter 17, “Development Support.” 3.5 Wait Mode Wait mode is entered by executing a WAIT instruction. Upon execution of the WAIT instruction, the CPU enters a low-power state in which it is not clocked. The I bit in CCR is cleared when the CPU enters the wait mode, enabling interrupts. When an interrupt request occurs, the CPU exits the wait mode and resumes processing, beginning with the stacking operations leading to the interrupt service routine. While the MCU is in wait mode, there are some restrictions on which background debug commands can be used. Only the BACKGROUND command and memory-access-with-status commands are available when the MCU is in wait mode. The memory-access-with-status commands do not allow memory access, but they report an error indicating that the MCU is in either stop or wait mode. The BACKGROUND command can be used to wake the MCU from wait mode and enter active background mode. 3.6 Stop Modes One of two stop modes is entered upon execution of a STOP instruction when STOPE in SOPT1. In any stop mode, the bus and CPU clocks are halted. The ICS module can be configured to leave the reference clocks running. See Chapter 11, “Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2),” for more information. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 32 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 3 Modes of Operation Table 3-1 shows all of the control bits that affect stop mode selection and the mode selected under various conditions. The selected mode is entered following the execution of a STOP instruction. Table 3-1. Stop Mode Selection STOPE ENBDM 1 0 x 1 LVDE LVDSE PPDC Stop Mode x x Stop modes disabled; illegal opcode reset if STOP instruction executed 1 x x Stop3 with BDM enabled 2 1 0 Both bits must be 1 x Stop3 with voltage regulator active 1 0 Either bit a 0 0 Stop3 1 0 Either bit a 0 1 Stop2 1 ENBDM is located in the BDCSCR, which is only accessible through BDC commands, see Section 17.4.1.1, “BDC Status and Control Register (BDCSCR)”. 2 When in Stop3 mode with BDM enabled, The S IDD will be near RIDD levels because internal clocks are enabled. 3.6.1 Stop3 Mode Stop3 mode is entered by executing a STOP instruction under the conditions as shown in Table 3-1. The states of all of the internal registers and logic, RAM contents, and I/O pin states are maintained. Stop3 can be exited by asserting RESET if enabled, or by an interrupt from one of the following sources: the real-time counter (RTC), LVD system, ACMP, ADC, SCI or any pin interrupts. If stop3 is exited by means of the RESET pin, then the MCU is reset and operation will resume after taking the reset vector. Exit by means of one of the internal interrupt sources results in the MCU taking the appropriate interrupt vector. 3.6.1.1 LVD Enabled in Stop3 Mode The LVD system is capable of generating either an interrupt or a reset when the supply voltage drops below the LVD voltage. For configuring the LVD system for interrupt or reset, refer to 5.6, “Low-Voltage Detect (LVD) System”. If the LVD is enabled in stop3 (LVDE and LVDSE bits in SPMSC1 both set) at the time the CPU executes a STOP instruction, then the voltage regulator remains active during stop mode. For the ADC to operate in stop mode, the LVD must be enabled when entering stop3. For the ACMP to operate in stop mode with compare to internal bandgap option, the LVD must be enabled when entering stop3. 3.6.1.2 Active BDM Enabled in Stop3 Mode Entry into the active background mode from run mode is enabled if ENBDM in BDCSCR is set. This register is described in Chapter 17, “Development Support.” If ENBDM is set when the CPU executes a STOP instruction, the system clocks to the background debug logic remain active when the MCU enters stop mode. Because of this, background debug communication remains possible. In addition, the voltage regulator does not enter its low-power standby state but maintains full internal regulation. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 33 Chapter 3 Modes of Operation Most background commands are not available in stop mode. The memory-access-with-status commands do not allow memory access, but they report an error indicating that the MCU is in either stop or wait mode. The BACKGROUND command can be used to wake the MCU from stop and enter active background mode if the ENBDM bit is set. After entering background debug mode, all background commands are available. 3.6.2 Stop2 Mode Stop2 mode is entered by executing a STOP instruction under the conditions as shown in Table 3-1. Most of the internal circuitry of the MCU is powered off in stop2 with the exception of the RAM. Upon entering stop2, all I/O pin control signals are latched so that the pins retain their states during stop2. Exit from stop2 is performed by asserting the wake-up pin (PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET) on the MCU. In addition, the real-time counter (RTC) can wake the MCU from stop2, if enabled. Upon wake-up from stop2 mode, the MCU starts up as from a power-on reset (POR): • All module control and status registers are reset • The LVD reset function is enabled and the MCU remains in the reset state if VDD is below the LVD trip point (low trip point selected due to POR) • The CPU takes the reset vector In addition to the above, upon waking up from stop2, the PPDF bit in SPMSC2 is set. This flag is used to direct user code to go to a stop2 recovery routine. PPDF remains set and the I/O pin states remain latched until a 1 is written to PPDACK in SPMSC2. To maintain I/O states for pins that were configured as general-purpose I/O before entering stop2, the user must restore the contents of the I/O port registers, which have been saved in RAM, to the port registers before writing to the PPDACK bit. If the port registers are not restored from RAM before writing to PPDACK, then the pins will switch to their reset states when PPDACK is written. For pins that were configured as peripheral I/O, the user must reconfigure the peripheral module that interfaces to the pin before writing to the PPDACK bit. If the peripheral module is not enabled before writing to PPDACK, the pins will be controlled by their associated port control registers when the I/O latches are opened. 3.6.3 On-Chip Peripheral Modules in Stop Modes When the MCU enters any stop mode, system clocks to the internal peripheral modules are stopped. Even in the exception case (ENBDM = 1), where clocks to the background debug logic continue to operate, clocks to the peripheral systems are halted to reduce power consumption. Refer to Section 3.6.2, “Stop2 Mode,” and Section 3.6.1, “Stop3 Mode,” for specific information on system behavior in stop modes. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 34 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 3 Modes of Operation Table 3-2. Stop Mode Behavior Peripheral Mode Stop2 Stop3 CPU Off Standby RAM Standby Standby FLASH Off Standby Parallel Port Registers Off Standby ADC Off Optionally On1 ACMP Off Optionally On2 BDM Off3 Optionally On ICS Off Optionally On4 IIC Off Standby 5 Optionally On LVD/LVW Off MTIM Off Standby RTC Optionally On Optionally On SCI Off Standby SPI Off Standby TPM Off Standby Standby Optionally On6 Off Optionally On7 States Held States Held Voltage Regulator XOSC I/O Pins 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Requires the asynchronous ADC clock and LVD to be enabled, else in standby. Requires the LVD to be enabled when compare to internal bandgap reference option is enabled. If ENBDM is set when entering stop2, the MCU will actually enter stop3. IRCLKEN and IREFSTEN set in ICSC1, else in standby. If LVDSE is set when entering stop2, the MCU will actually enter stop3. Voltage regulator will be on if BDM is enabled or if LVD is enabled when entering stop3. ERCLKEN and EREFSTEN set in ICSC2, else in standby. For high frequency range (RANGE in ICSC2 set) requires the LVD to also be enabled in stop3. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 35 Chapter 3 Modes of Operation MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 36 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 4 Memory 4.1 MC9S08SH32 Series Memory Map As shown in Figure 4-1, on-chip memory in the MC9S08SH32 Series series of MCUs consists of RAM, FLASH program memory for nonvolatile data storage, and I/O and control/status registers. The registers are divided into three groups: • Direct-page registers (0x0000 through 0x007F) • High-page registers (0x1800 through 0x185F) • Nonvolatile registers (0xFFB0 through 0xFFBF) 0x0000 0x007F 0x0080 DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS 0x0000 0x007F 0x0080 RAM 1024 BYTES RAM 1024 BYTES 0x047F 0x0480 0x17FF 0x1800 UNIMPLEMENTED 4992 BYTES 0x047F 0x0480 0x17FF 0x1800 UNIMPLEMENTED 4992 BYTES HIGH PAGE REGISTERS HIGH PAGE REGISTERS 0x185F 0x1860 0x185F 0x1860 UNIMPLEMENTED 0x7FFF 0x8000 DIRECT PAGE REGISTERS 26,528 BYTES UNIMPLEMENTED 0x7FFF 0x8000 26,528 BYTES UNIMPLEMENTED 16,384 BYTES FLASH 32768 BYTES 0xBFFF 0xC000 FLASH 16,384 BYTES 0xFFFF 0xFFFF 9S08SH32 9S08SH16 Figure 4-1. MC9S08SH32/16 Memory Map MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 37 Chapter 4 Memory 4.2 Reset and Interrupt Vector Assignments Table 4-1 shows address assignments for reset and interrupt vectors. The vector names shown in this table are the labels used in the Freescale Semiconductor provided equate file for the MC9S08SH32 Series. Table 4-1. Reset and Interrupt Vectors Address (High/Low) Vector Vector Name 0xFFC0:0xFFC1 Reserved — 0xFFC2:0xFFC3 ACMP Vacmp 0xFFC4:0xFFC5 Reserved — 0xFFC6:0xFFC7 Reserved — 0xFFC8:0xFFC9 Reserved — 0xFFCA:0xFFCB MTIM Overflow Vmtim 0xFFCC:0xFFCD RTC Vrtc 0xFFCE:0xFFCF IIC Viic 0xFFD0:0xFFD1 ADC Conversion Vadc 0xFFD2:0xFFD3 Reserved — 0xFFD4:0xFFD5 Port B Pin Interrupt Vportb 0xFFD6:0xFFD7 Port A Pin Interrupt Vporta 0xFFD8:0xFFD9 Reserved — 0xFFDA:0xFFDB SCI Transmit Vscitx 0xFFDC:0xFFDD SCI Receive Vscirx 0xFFDE:0xFFDF SCI Error Vsc1err 0xFFE0:0xFFE1 SPI Vspi 0xFFE2:0xFFE3 TPM2 Overflow Vtpm2ovf 0xFFE4:0xFFE5 TPM2 Channel 1 Vtpm2ch1 0xFFE6:0xFFE7 TPM2 Channel 0 Vtpm2ch0 0xFFE8:0xFFE9 TPM1 Overflow Vtpm1ovf 0xFFEA:0xFFEB Reserved — 0xFFEC:0xFFED Reserved — 0xFFEE:0xFFEF Reserved — 0xFFF0:0xFFF1 Reserved — 0xFFF2:0xFFF3 TPM1 Channel 1 Vtpm1ch1 0xFFF4:0xFFF5 TPM1 Channel 0 Vtpm1ch0 0xFFF6:0xFFF7 Reserved — 0xFFF8:0xFFF9 Low Voltage Detect Vlvd 0xFFFA:0xFFFB IRQ Virq 0xFFFC:0xFFFD SWI Vswi 0xFFFE:0xFFFF Reset Vreset MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 38 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 4 Memory 4.3 Register Addresses and Bit Assignments The registers in the MC9S08SH32 Series are divided into these groups: • Direct-page registers are located in the first 128 locations in the memory map; these are accessible with efficient direct addressing mode instructions. • High-page registers are used much less often, so they are located above 0x1800 in the memory map. This leaves more room in the direct page for more frequently used registers and RAM. • The nonvolatile register area consists of a block of 16 locations in FLASH memory at 0xFFB0–0xFFBF. Nonvolatile register locations include: — NVPROT and NVOPT are loaded into working registers at reset — An 8-byte backdoor comparison key that optionally allows a user to gain controlled access to secure memory Because the nonvolatile register locations are FLASH memory, they must be erased and programmed like other FLASH memory locations. Direct-page registers can be accessed with efficient direct addressing mode instructions. Bit manipulation instructions can be used to access any bit in any direct-page register. Table 4-2 is a summary of all user-accessible direct-page registers and control bits. The direct page registers in Table 4-2 can use the more efficient direct addressing mode, which requires only the lower byte of the address. Because of this, the lower byte of the address in column one is shown in bold text. In Table 4-3 and Table 4-4, the whole address in column one is shown in bold. In Table 4-2, Table 4-3, and Table 4-4, the register names in column two are shown in bold to set them apart from the bit names to the right. Cells that are not associated with named bits are shaded. A shaded cell with a 0 indicates this unused bit always reads as a 0. Shaded cells with dashes indicate unused or reserved bit locations that could read as 1s or 0s. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 39 Chapter 4 Memory Table 4-2. Direct-Page Register Summary (Sheet 1 of 3) Address 0x0000 Register Name PTAD 0x0001 PTADD 0x0002 PTBD 0x0003 PTBDD 0x0004 PTCD Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 PTAD7 PTAD6 PTAD5 PTAD4 PTAD3 PTAD2 PTAD1 PTAD0 PTADD7 PTADD6 PTADD5 PTADD4 PTADD3 PTADD2 PTADD1 PTADD0 PTBD7 PTBD6 PTBD5 PTBD4 PTBD3 PTBD2 PTBD1 PTBD0 PTBDD7 PTBDD6 PTBDD5 PTBDD4 PTBDD3 PTBDD2 PTBDD1 PTBDD0 PTCD7 PTCD6 PTCD5 PTCD4 PTCD3 PTCD2 PTCD1 PTCD0 0x0005 PTCDD PTCDD7 PTCDD6 PTCDD5 PTCDD4 PTCDD3 PTCDD2 PTCDD1 PTCDD0 0x0006 Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x0007 Reserved — — — — — 0 0 0 0x0008– Reserved 0x000D — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0x000E ACMPSC ACME ACBGS ACF ACIE ACO ACOPE ACMOD1 ACMOD0 0x000F Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x0010 ADCSC1 COCO AIEN ADCO 0x0011 ADCSC2 ADACT ADTRG ACFE — — 0x0012 ADCRH 0 0 0 0 0 0 ADR9 ADR8 0x0013 ADCRL ADR7 ADR6 ADR5 ADR4 ADR3 ADR2 ADR1 ADR0 0x0014 ADCVH 0 0 0 0 0 0 ADCV9 ADCV8 0x0015 ADCVL ADCV7 ADCV6 ADCV5 ADCV4 ADCV3 ADCV2 ADCV1 ADCV0 0x0016 ADCCFG ADLPC 0x0017 APCTL1 ADPC7 ADPC6 ADPC5 ADPC4 ADPC3 ADPC2 ADPC1 ADPC0 0x0018 APCTL2 ADPC15 ADPC14 ADPC13 ADPC12 ADPC11 ADPC10 ADPC9 ADPC8 0x0019 Reserved — — — — — — — — ADCH ACFGT ADIV — ADLSMP — MODE ADICLK 0x001A IRQSC 0 IRQPDD IRQEDG IRQPE IRQF IRQACK IRQIE IRQMOD 0x001B Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x001C MTIMSC TOF TOIE TRST TSTP 0 0 0 0 0x001D MTIMCLK 0 0 CLKS PS 0x001E MTIMCNT CNT 0x001F MTIMMOD MOD 0x0020 TPM1SC TOF TOIE CPWMS CLKSB CLKSA PS2 PS1 PS0 0x0021 TPM1CNTH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x0022 TPM1CNTL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x0023 TPM1MODH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x0024 TPM1MODL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x0025 TPM1C0SC CH0F CH0IE MS0B MS0A ELS0B ELS0A 0 0 0x0026 TPM1C0VH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x0027 TPM1C0VL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x0028 TPM1C1SC CH1F CH1IE MS1B MS1A ELS1B ELS1A 0 0 0x0029 TPM1C1VH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x002A TPM1C1VL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 40 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 4 Memory Table 4-2. Direct-Page Register Summary (Sheet 2 of 3) Address Register Name 0x002B– Reserved 0x0037 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0x0038 SCIBDH LBKDIE RXEDGIE 0 SBR12 SBR11 SBR10 SBR9 SBR8 0x0039 SCIBDL SBR7 SBR6 SBR5 SBR4 SBR3 SBR2 SBR1 SBR0 0x003A SCIC1 LOOPS SCISWAI RSRC M WAKE ILT PE PT 0x003B SCIC2 TIE TCIE RIE ILIE TE RE RWU SBK 0x003C SCIS1 TDRE TC RDRF IDLE OR NF FE PF 0x003D SCIS2 LBKDIF RXEDGIF 0 RXINV RWUID BRK13 LBKDE RAF 0x003E SCIC3 R8 T8 TXDIR TXINV ORIE NEIE FEIE PEIE 0x003F SCID Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — IREFS IRCLKEN IREFSTEN EREFS ERCLKEN EREFSTEN 0x0040– Reserved 0x0047 0x0048 ICSC1 CLKS 0x0049 ICSC2 BDIV 0x004A ICSTRM 0x004B ICSSC 0x004C– Reserved 0x004F RDIV RANGE HGO LP TRIM 0 0 0 IREFST OSCINIT FTRIM — — — — — — — — — — CLKST — — — — — — 0x0050 SPIC1 SPIE SPE SPTIE MSTR CPOL CPHA SSOE LSBFE 0x0051 SPIC2 0 0 0 MODFEN BIDIROE 0 SPISWAI SPC0 0x0052 SPIBR 0x0053 SPIS 0x0054 Reserved 0x0055 SPID 0x0056– Reserved 0x0057 0 SPPR2 SPPR1 SPPR0 0 SPR2 SPR1 SPR0 SPRF 0 SPTEF MODF 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 0 TXAK RSTA 0 0 0 SRW IICIF RXAK 0x0058 IICA 0x0059 IICF 0x005A IICC1 IICEN IICIE MST TX 0x005B IICS TCF IAAS BUSY ARBL 0x005C IICD 0x005D IICC2 0x005E– Reserved 0x005F MULT ICR DATA GCAEN ADEXT 0 0 0 AD10 AD9 AD8 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0x0060 TPM2SC TOF TOIE CPWMS CLKSB CLKSA PS2 PS1 PS0 0x0061 TPM2CNTH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x0062 TPM2CNTL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x0063 TPM2MODH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x0064 TPM2MODL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x0065 TPM2C0SC CH0F CH0IE MS0B MS0A ELS0B ELS0A 0 0 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 41 Chapter 4 Memory Table 4-2. Direct-Page Register Summary (Sheet 3 of 3) Address Register Name Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x0066 TPM2C0VH 0x0067 TPM2C0VL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x0068 TPM2C1SC CH1F CH1IE MS1B MS1A ELS1B ELS1A 0 0 0x0069 TPM2C1VH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x006A TPM2C1VL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x006B Reserved — — — — — — — 0x006C RTCSC 0x006D RTCCNT RTCCNT 0x006E RTCMOD RTCMOD — — — — 0x006F Reserved 0x007F RTIF — — — RTCLKS — — RTIE — — — — RTCPS — — — — MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 42 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 4 Memory High-page registers, shown in Table 4-3, are accessed much less often than other I/O and control registers so they have been located outside the direct addressable memory space, starting at 0x1800. Table 4-3. High-Page Register Summary (Sheet 1 of 2) Address Register Name 0x1800 SRS 0x1801 SBDFR 0x1802 SOPT1 0x1803 SOPT2 0x1804 – 0x1805 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 POR PIN COP ILOP ILAD 0 LVD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BDFR STOPE 0 0 IICPS BKGDPE RSTPE COPT Bit 0 COPCLKS COPW 0 ACIC Reserved — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0x1806 SDIDH 0 — — — ID11 ID10 ID9 ID8 0x1807 SDIDL ID7 ID6 ID5 ID4 ID3 ID2 ID1 ID0 0x1808 Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x1809 SPMSC1 LVWF LVWACK LVWIE LVDRE LVDSE LVDE 0 BGBE 0x180A SPMSC2 0 0 LVDV LVWV PPDF PPDACK — PPDC 0x180B– 0x180F Reserved — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0x1810 DBGCAH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x1811 DBGCAL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x1812 DBGCBH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x1813 DBGCBL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x1814 DBGFH Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0x1815 DBGFL Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x1816 DBGC DBGEN ARM TAG BRKEN RWA RWAEN RWB RWBEN 0x1817 DBGT TRGSEL BEGIN 0 0 TRG3 TRG2 TRG1 TRG0 0x1818 DBGS AF BF ARMF 0 CNT3 CNT2 CNT1 CNT0 0x1819– 0x181F Reserved — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0x1820 FCDIV DIVLD PRDIV8 0x1821 FOPT KEYEN FNORED 0 0 0 0 0x1822 Reserved — — — — — — — 0x1823 FCNFG 0 0 KEYACC 0 0 0 0 0x1824 FPROT 0x1825 FSTAT 0x1826 FCMD 0x1827– 0x183F Reserved 0x1840 T2CH1PS T2CH0PS T1CH1PS T1CH0PS DIV SEC FPS FCBEF FCCF FPVIOL — 0 FPDIS FACCERR 0 FBLANK 0 0 FCMD — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — PTAPE PTAPE7 PTAPE6 PTAPE5 PTAPE4 PTAPE3 PTAPE2 PTAPE1 PTAPE0 0x1841 PTASE PTASE7 PTASE6 PTASE5 PTASE4 PTASE3 PTASE2 PTASE1 PTASE0 0x1842 PTADS PTADS7 PTADS6 PTADS5 PTADS4 PTADS3 PTADS2 PTADS1 PTADS0 0x1843 Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x1844 PTASC 0 0 0 0 PTAIF PTAACK PTAIE PTAMOD MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 43 Chapter 4 Memory Table 4-3. High-Page Register Summary (Sheet 2 of 2) Address Register Name Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0x1845 PTAPS 0 0 0 0 PTAPS3 PTAPS2 PTAPS1 PTAPS0 0x1846 PTAES 0 0 0 0 PTAES3 PTAES2 PTAES1 PTAES0 0x1847 Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x1848 PTBPE PTBPE7 PTBPE6 PTBPE5 PTBPE4 PTBPE3 PTBPE2 PTBPE1 PTBPE0 0x1849 PTBSE PTBSE7 PTBSE6 PTBSE5 PTBSE4 PTBSE3 PTBSE2 PTBSE1 PTBSE0 0x184A PTBDS PTBDS7 PTBDS6 PTBDS5 PTBDS4 PTBDS3 PTBDS2 PTBDS1 PTBDS0 0x184B Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x184C PTBSC 0 0 0 0 PTBIF PTBACK PTBIE PTBMOD 0x184D PTBPS 0 0 0 0 PTBPS3 PTBPS2 PTBPS1 PTBPS0 0x184E PTBES 0 0 0 0 PTBES3 PTBES2 PTBES1 PTBES0 0x184F Reserved — — — — — — — — 0x1850 PTCPE PTCPE7 PTCPE6 PTCPE5 PTCPE4 PTCPE3 PTCPE2 PTCPE1 PTCPE0 0x1851 PTCSE PTCSE7 PTCSE6 PTCSE5 PTCSE4 PTCSE3 PTCSE2 PTCSE1 PTCSE0 0x1852 PTCDS PTCDS7 PTCDS6 PTCDS5 PTCDS4 PTCDS3 PTCDS2 PTCDS1 PTCDS0 0x1853 GNGC GNGPS7 GNGPS6 GNGPS5 GNGPS4 GNGPS3 GNGPS2 GNGPS1 GNGEN 0x1854 Reserved — — — — — 1 1 1 0x1855 Reserved — — — — — 1 1 1 0x1856 Reserved — — — — — 0 0 0 0x1857– 0x185F Reserved — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 44 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 4 Memory Nonvolatile FLASH registers, shown in Table 4-4, are located in the FLASH memory. These registers include an 8-byte backdoor key, NVBACKKEY, which can be used to gain access to secure memory resources. During reset events, the contents of NVPROT and NVOPT in the nonvolatile register area of the FLASH memory are transferred into corresponding FPROT and FOPT working registers in the high-page registers to control security and block protection options. Table 4-4. Nonvolatile Register Summary Address Register Name 0xFFAE NVFTRIM 0xFFAF NVTRIM Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 — — — — — — — FTRIM — — — TRIM 0xFFB0 – NVBACKKEY 0xFFB7 0xFFB8 – Reserved 0xFFBC 0xFFBD NVPROT 0xFFBE Reserved 0xFFBF NVOPT 8-Byte Comparison Key — — — — — FPS FPDIS — — — — — — KEYEN FNORED — — — — — — SEC Provided the key enable (KEYEN) bit is 1, the 8-byte comparison key can be used to temporarily disengage memory security. This key mechanism can be accessed only through user code running in secure memory. (A security key cannot be entered directly through background debug commands.) This security key can be disabled completely by programming the KEYEN bit to 0. If the security key is disabled, the only way to disengage security is by mass erasing the FLASH if needed (normally through the background debug interface) and verifying that FLASH is blank. To avoid returning to secure mode after the next reset, program the security bits (SEC) to the unsecured state (1:0). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 45 Chapter 4 Memory 4.4 RAM The MC9S08SH32 Series includes static RAM. The locations in RAM below 0x0100 can be accessed using the more efficient direct addressing mode, and any single bit in this area can be accessed with the bit manipulation instructions (BCLR, BSET, BRCLR, and BRSET). Locating the most frequently accessed program variables in this area of RAM is preferred. The RAM retains data when the MCU is in low-power wait, stop2, or stop3 mode. At power-on the contents of RAM are uninitialized. RAM data is unaffected by any reset provided that the supply voltage does not drop below the minimum value for RAM retention (VRAM). For compatibility with M68HC05 MCUs, the HCS08 resets the stack pointer to 0x00FF. In the MC9S08SH32 Series, it is usually best to reinitialize the stack pointer to the top of the RAM so the direct page RAM can be used for frequently accessed RAM variables and bit-addressable program variables. Include the following 2-instruction sequence in your reset initialization routine (where RamLast is equated to the highest address of the RAM in the Freescale Semiconductor-provided equate file). LDHX TXS #RamLast+1 ;point one past RAM ;SP fADCK xx 0 17 ADCK cycles Subsequent continuous 10-bit; fBUS > fADCK xx 0 20 ADCK cycles Subsequent continuous 8-bit; fBUS > fADCK/11 xx 1 37 ADCK cycles Subsequent continuous 10-bit; fBUS > fADCK/11 xx 1 40 ADCK cycles The maximum total conversion time is determined by the clock source chosen and the divide ratio selected. The clock source is selectable by the ADICLK bits, and the divide ratio is specified by the ADIV bits. For example, in 10-bit mode, with the bus clock selected as the input clock source, the input clock divide-by-1 ratio selected, and a bus frequency of 8 MHz, then the conversion time for a single conversion is: Conversion time = 23 ADCK cyc 8 MHz/1 + 5 bus cyc 8 MHz = 3.5 μs Number of bus cycles = 3.5 μs x 8 MHz = 28 cycles NOTE The ADCK frequency must be between fADCK minimum and fADCK maximum to meet ADC specifications. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 139 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) 9.4.5 Automatic Compare Function The compare function can be configured to check for either an upper limit or lower limit. After the input is sampled and converted, the result is added to the two’s complement of the compare value (ADCCVH and ADCCVL). When comparing to an upper limit (ACFGT = 1), if the result is greater-than or equal-to the compare value, COCO is set. When comparing to a lower limit (ACFGT = 0), if the result is less than the compare value, COCO is set. The value generated by the addition of the conversion result and the two’s complement of the compare value is transferred to ADCRH and ADCRL. Upon completion of a conversion while the compare function is enabled, if the compare condition is not true, COCO is not set and no data is transferred to the result registers. An ADC interrupt is generated upon the setting of COCO if the ADC interrupt is enabled (AIEN = 1). NOTE The compare function can be used to monitor the voltage on a channel while the MCU is in either wait or stop3 mode. The ADC interrupt will wake the MCU when the compare condition is met. 9.4.6 MCU Wait Mode Operation The WAIT instruction puts the MCU in a lower power-consumption standby mode from which recovery is very fast because the clock sources remain active. If a conversion is in progress when the MCU enters wait mode, it continues until completion. Conversions can be initiated while the MCU is in wait mode by means of the hardware trigger or if continuous conversions are enabled. The bus clock, bus clock divided by two, and ADACK are available as conversion clock sources while in wait mode. The use of ALTCLK as the conversion clock source in wait is dependent on the definition of ALTCLK for this MCU. Consult the module introduction for information on ALTCLK specific to this MCU. A conversion complete event sets the COCO and generates an ADC interrupt to wake the MCU from wait mode if the ADC interrupt is enabled (AIEN = 1). 9.4.7 MCU Stop3 Mode Operation The STOP instruction is used to put the MCU in a low power-consumption standby mode during which most or all clock sources on the MCU are disabled. 9.4.7.1 Stop3 Mode With ADACK Disabled If the asynchronous clock, ADACK, is not selected as the conversion clock, executing a STOP instruction aborts the current conversion and places the ADC in its idle state. The contents of ADCRH and ADCRL are unaffected by stop3 mode.After exiting from stop3 mode, a software or hardware trigger is required to resume conversions. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 140 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) 9.4.7.2 Stop3 Mode With ADACK Enabled If ADACK is selected as the conversion clock, the ADC continues operation during stop3 mode. For guaranteed ADC operation, the MCU’s voltage regulator must remain active during stop3 mode. Consult the module introduction for configuration information for this MCU. If a conversion is in progress when the MCU enters stop3 mode, it continues until completion. Conversions can be initiated while the MCU is in stop3 mode by means of the hardware trigger or if continuous conversions are enabled. A conversion complete event sets the COCO and generates an ADC interrupt to wake the MCU from stop3 mode if the ADC interrupt is enabled (AIEN = 1). NOTE It is possible for the ADC module to wake the system from low power stop and cause the MCU to begin consuming run-level currents without generating a system level interrupt. To prevent this scenario, software should ensure that the data transfer blocking mechanism (discussed in Section 9.4.4.2, “Completing Conversions) is cleared when entering stop3 and continuing ADC conversions. 9.4.8 MCU Stop1 and Stop2 Mode Operation The ADC module is automatically disabled when the MCU enters either stop1 or stop2 mode. All module registers contain their reset values following exit from stop1 or stop2. Therefore the module must be re-enabled and re-configured following exit from stop1 or stop2. 9.5 Initialization Information This section gives an example which provides some basic direction on how a user would initialize and configure the ADC module. The user has the flexibility of choosing between configuring the module for 8-bit or 10-bit resolution, single or continuous conversion, and a polled or interrupt approach, among many other options. Refer to Table 9-6, Table 9-7, and Table 9-8 for information used in this example. NOTE Hexadecimal values designated by a preceding 0x, binary values designated by a preceding %, and decimal values have no preceding character. 9.5.1 9.5.1.1 ADC Module Initialization Example Initialization Sequence Before the ADC module can be used to complete conversions, an initialization procedure must be performed. A typical sequence is as follows: 1. Update the configuration register (ADCCFG) to select the input clock source and the divide ratio used to generate the internal clock, ADCK. This register is also used for selecting sample time and low-power configuration. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 141 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) 2. Update status and control register 2 (ADCSC2) to select the conversion trigger (hardware or software) and compare function options, if enabled. 3. Update status and control register 1 (ADCSC1) to select whether conversions will be continuous or completed only once, and to enable or disable conversion complete interrupts. The input channel on which conversions will be performed is also selected here. 9.5.1.2 Pseudo — Code Example In this example, the ADC module will be set up with interrupts enabled to perform a single 10-bit conversion at low power with a long sample time on input channel 1, where the internal ADCK clock will be derived from the bus clock divided by 1. ADCCFG = 0x98 (%10011000) Bit 7 ADLPC 1 Configures for low power (lowers maximum clock speed) Bit 6:5 ADIV 00 Sets the ADCK to the input clock ÷ 1 Bit 4 ADLSMP 1 Configures for long sample time Bit 3:2 MODE 10 Sets mode at 10-bit conversions Bit 1:0 ADICLK 00 Selects bus clock as input clock source ADCSC2 = 0x00 (%00000000) Bit 7 ADACT 0 Bit 6 ADTRG 0 Bit 5 ACFE 0 Bit 4 ACFGT 0 Bit 3:2 00 Bit 1:0 00 Flag indicates if a conversion is in progress Software trigger selected Compare function disabled Not used in this example Unimplemented or reserved, always reads zero Reserved for Freescale’s internal use; always write zero ADCSC1 = 0x41 (%01000001) Bit 7 COCO 0 Bit 6 AIEN 1 Bit 5 ADCO 0 Bit 4:0 ADCH 00001 Read-only flag which is set when a conversion completes Conversion complete interrupt enabled One conversion only (continuous conversions disabled) Input channel 1 selected as ADC input channel ADCRH/L = 0xxx Holds results of conversion. Read high byte (ADCRH) before low byte (ADCRL) so that conversion data cannot be overwritten with data from the next conversion. ADCCVH/L = 0xxx Holds compare value when compare function enabled APCTL1=0x02 AD1 pin I/O control disabled. All other AD pins remain general purpose I/O pins APCTL2=0x00 All other AD pins remain general purpose I/O pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 142 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) RESET INITIALIZE ADC ADCCFG = $98 ADCSC2 = $00 ADCSC1 = $41 CHECK COCO=1? NO YES READ ADCRH THEN ADCRL TO CLEAR COCO BIT CONTINUE Figure 9-14. Initialization Flowchart for Example 9.6 Application Information This section contains information for using the ADC module in applications. The ADC has been designed to be integrated into a microcontroller for use in embedded control applications requiring an A/D converter. 9.6.1 External Pins and Routing The following sections discuss the external pins associated with the ADC module and how they should be used for best results. 9.6.1.1 Analog Supply Pins The ADC module has analog power and ground supplies (VDDAD and VSSAD) which are available as separate pins on some devices. On other devices, VSSAD is shared on the same pin as the MCU digital VSS, and on others, both VSSAD and VDDAD are shared with the MCU digital supply pins. In these cases, there are separate pads for the analog supplies which are bonded to the same pin as the corresponding digital supply so that some degree of isolation between the supplies is maintained. When available on a separate pin, both VDDAD and VSSAD must be connected to the same voltage potential as their corresponding MCU digital supply (VDD and VSS) and must be routed carefully for maximum noise immunity and bypass capacitors placed as near as possible to the package. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 143 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) In cases where separate power supplies are used for analog and digital power, the ground connection between these supplies must be at the VSSAD pin. This should be the only ground connection between these supplies if possible. The VSSAD pin makes a good single point ground location. 9.6.1.2 Analog Reference Pins In addition to the analog supplies, the ADC module has connections for two reference voltage inputs. The high reference is VREFH, which may be shared on the same pin as VDDAD on some devices. The low reference is VREFL, which may be shared on the same pin as VSSAD on some devices. When available on a separate pin, VREFH may be connected to the same potential as VDDAD, or may be driven by an external source that is between the minimum VDDAD spec and the VDDAD potential (VREFH must never exceed VDDAD). When available on a separate pin, VREFL must be connected to the same voltage potential as VSSAD. Both VREFH and VREFL must be routed carefully for maximum noise immunity and bypass capacitors placed as near as possible to the package. AC current in the form of current spikes required to supply charge to the capacitor array at each successive approximation step is drawn through the VREFH and VREFL loop. The best external component to meet this current demand is a 0.1 μF capacitor with good high frequency characteristics. This capacitor is connected between VREFH and VREFL and must be placed as near as possible to the package pins. Resistance in the path is not recommended because the current will cause a voltage drop which could result in conversion errors. Inductance in this path must be minimum (parasitic only). 9.6.1.3 Analog Input Pins The external analog inputs are typically shared with digital I/O pins on MCU devices. The pin I/O control is disabled by setting the appropriate control bit in one of the pin control registers. Conversions can be performed on inputs without the associated pin control register bit set. It is recommended that the pin control register bit always be set when using a pin as an analog input. This avoids problems with contention because the output buffer will be in its high impedance state and the pullup is disabled. Also, the input buffer draws dc current when its input is not at either VDD or VSS. Setting the pin control register bits for all pins used as analog inputs should be done to achieve lowest operating current. Empirical data shows that capacitors on the analog inputs improve performance in the presence of noise or when the source impedance is high. Use of 0.01 μF capacitors with good high-frequency characteristics is sufficient. These capacitors are not necessary in all cases, but when used they must be placed as near as possible to the package pins and be referenced to VSSA. For proper conversion, the input voltage must fall between VREFH and VREFL. If the input is equal to or exceeds VREFH, the converter circuit converts the signal to $3FF (full scale 10-bit representation) or $FF (full scale 8-bit representation). If the input is equal to or less than VREFL, the converter circuit converts it to $000. Input voltages between VREFH and VREFL are straight-line linear conversions. There will be a brief current associated with VREFL when the sampling capacitor is charging. The input is sampled for 3.5 cycles of the ADCK source when ADLSMP is low, or 23.5 cycles when ADLSMP is high. For minimal loss of accuracy due to current injection, pins adjacent to the analog input pins should not be transitioning during conversions. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 144 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) 9.6.2 Sources of Error Several sources of error exist for A/D conversions. These are discussed in the following sections. 9.6.2.1 Sampling Error For proper conversions, the input must be sampled long enough to achieve the proper accuracy. Given the maximum input resistance of approximately 7kΩ and input capacitance of approximately 5.5 pF, sampling to within 1/4LSB (at 10-bit resolution) can be achieved within the minimum sample window (3.5 cycles @ 8 MHz maximum ADCK frequency) provided the resistance of the external analog source (RAS) is kept below 5 kΩ. Higher source resistances or higher-accuracy sampling is possible by setting ADLSMP (to increase the sample window to 23.5 cycles) or decreasing ADCK frequency to increase sample time. 9.6.2.2 Pin Leakage Error Leakage on the I/O pins can cause conversion error if the external analog source resistance (RAS) is high. If this error cannot be tolerated by the application, keep RAS lower than VDDAD / (2N*ILEAK) for less than 1/4LSB leakage error (N = 8 in 8-bit mode or 10 in 10-bit mode). 9.6.2.3 Noise-Induced Errors System noise which occurs during the sample or conversion process can affect the accuracy of the conversion. The ADC accuracy numbers are guaranteed as specified only if the following conditions are met: • There is a 0.1 μF low-ESR capacitor from VREFH to VREFL. • There is a 0.1 μF low-ESR capacitor from VDDAD to VSSAD. • If inductive isolation is used from the primary supply, an additional 1 μF capacitor is placed from VDDAD to VSSAD. • VSSAD (and VREFL, if connected) is connected to VSS at a quiet point in the ground plane. • Operate the MCU in wait or stop3 mode before initiating (hardware triggered conversions) or immediately after initiating (hardware or software triggered conversions) the ADC conversion. — For software triggered conversions, immediately follow the write to the ADCSC1 with a WAIT instruction or STOP instruction. — For stop3 mode operation, select ADACK as the clock source. Operation in stop3 reduces VDD noise but increases effective conversion time due to stop recovery. • There is no I/O switching, input or output, on the MCU during the conversion. There are some situations where external system activity causes radiated or conducted noise emissions or excessive VDD noise is coupled into the ADC. In these situations, or when the MCU cannot be placed in wait or stop3 or I/O activity cannot be halted, these recommended actions may reduce the effect of noise on the accuracy: • Place a 0.01 μF capacitor (CAS) on the selected input channel to VREFL or VSSAD (this will improve noise issues but will affect sample rate based on the external analog source resistance). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 145 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) • • Average the result by converting the analog input many times in succession and dividing the sum of the results. Four samples are required to eliminate the effect of a 1LSB, one-time error. Reduce the effect of synchronous noise by operating off the asynchronous clock (ADACK) and averaging. Noise that is synchronous to ADCK cannot be averaged out. 9.6.2.4 Code Width and Quantization Error The ADC quantizes the ideal straight-line transfer function into 1024 steps (in 10-bit mode). Each step ideally has the same height (1 code) and width. The width is defined as the delta between the transition points to one code and the next. The ideal code width for an N bit converter (in this case N can be 8 or 10), defined as 1LSB, is: 1LSB = (VREFH - VREFL) / 2N Eqn. 9-2 There is an inherent quantization error due to the digitization of the result. For 8-bit or 10-bit conversions the code will transition when the voltage is at the midpoint between the points where the straight line transfer function is exactly represented by the actual transfer function. Therefore, the quantization error will be ± 1/2LSB in 8- or 10-bit mode. As a consequence, however, the code width of the first ($000) conversion is only 1/2LSB and the code width of the last ($FF or $3FF) is 1.5LSB. 9.6.2.5 Linearity Errors The ADC may also exhibit non-linearity of several forms. Every effort has been made to reduce these errors but the system should be aware of them because they affect overall accuracy. These errors are: • Zero-scale error (EZS) (sometimes called offset) — This error is defined as the difference between the actual code width of the first conversion and the ideal code width (1/2LSB). Note, if the first conversion is $001, then the difference between the actual $001 code width and its ideal (1LSB) is used. • Full-scale error (EFS) — This error is defined as the difference between the actual code width of the last conversion and the ideal code width (1.5LSB). Note, if the last conversion is $3FE, then the difference between the actual $3FE code width and its ideal (1LSB) is used. • Differential non-linearity (DNL) — This error is defined as the worst-case difference between the actual code width and the ideal code width for all conversions. • Integral non-linearity (INL) — This error is defined as the highest-value the (absolute value of the) running sum of DNL achieves. More simply, this is the worst-case difference of the actual transition voltage to a given code and its corresponding ideal transition voltage, for all codes. • Total unadjusted error (TUE) — This error is defined as the difference between the actual transfer function and the ideal straight-line transfer function, and therefore includes all forms of error. 9.6.2.6 Code Jitter, Non-Monotonicity and Missing Codes Analog-to-digital converters are susceptible to three special forms of error. These are code jitter, non-monotonicity, and missing codes. Code jitter is when, at certain points, a given input voltage converts to one of two values when sampled repeatedly. Ideally, when the input voltage is infinitesimally smaller than the transition voltage, the MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 146 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) converter yields the lower code (and vice-versa). However, even very small amounts of system noise can cause the converter to be indeterminate (between two codes) for a range of input voltages around the transition voltage. This range is normally around ±1/2 LSB and will increase with noise. This error may be reduced by repeatedly sampling the input and averaging the result. Additionally the techniques discussed in Section 9.6.2.3 will reduce this error. Non-monotonicity is defined as when, except for code jitter, the converter converts to a lower code for a higher input voltage. Missing codes are those values which are never converted for any input value. In 8-bit or 10-bit mode, the ADC is guaranteed to be monotonic and to have no missing codes. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 147 Chapter 9 Analog-to-Digital Converter (S08ADCV1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 148 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 10 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.1 Introduction The inter-integrated circuit (IIC) provides a method of communication between a number of devices. The interface is designed to operate up to 100 kbps with maximum bus loading and timing. The device is capable of operating at higher baud rates, up to a maximum of clock/20, with reduced bus loading. The maximum communication length and the number of devices that can be connected are limited by a maximum bus capacitance of 400 pF. NOTE The SDA and SCL should not be driven above VDD. These pins are pseudo open-drain containing a protection diode to VDD. 10.1.1 Module Configuration The IIC module pins, SDA and SCL can be repositioned under software control using IICPS in SOPT1 as as shown in Table 10-1. IICPS in SOPT1 selects which general-purpose I/O ports are associated with IIC operation. Table 10-1. IIC Position Options IICPS in SOPT1 Port Pin for SDA Port Pin for SCL 0 (default) PTA2 PTA3 1 PTB6 PTB7 Figure 10-1 shows the MC9S08SH32 Series block diagram with the IIC module highlighted. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 149 Chapter 10 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT TCLK SDA VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SDA/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDDA/VREFH VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VDD PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ SS MISO MOSI SPSCK PORT B 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC CPU PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 10-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting IIC Block and Pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 150 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 10 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.1.2 Features The IIC includes these distinctive features: • Compatible with IIC bus standard • Multi-master operation • Software programmable for one of 64 different serial clock frequencies • Software selectable acknowledge bit • Interrupt driven byte-by-byte data transfer • Arbitration lost interrupt with automatic mode switching from master to slave • Calling address identification interrupt • Start and stop signal generation/detection • Repeated start signal generation • Acknowledge bit generation/detection • Bus busy detection • General call recognition • 10-bit address extension 10.1.3 Modes of Operation A brief description of the IIC in the various MCU modes is given here. • Run mode — This is the basic mode of operation. To conserve power in this mode, disable the module. • Wait mode — The module continues to operate while the MCU is in wait mode and can provide a wake-up interrupt. • Stop mode — The IIC is inactive in stop3 mode for reduced power consumption. The stop instruction does not affect IIC register states. Stop2 resets the register contents. 10.1.4 Block Diagram Figure 10-2 is a block diagram of the IIC. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 151 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Address Data Bus Interrupt ADDR_DECODE CTRL_REG DATA_MUX FREQ_REG ADDR_REG STATUS_REG DATA_REG Input Sync Start Stop Arbitration Control Clock Control In/Out Data Shift Register Address Compare SCL SDA Figure 10-2. IIC Functional Block Diagram 10.2 External Signal Description This section describes each user-accessible pin signal. 10.2.1 SCL — Serial Clock Line The bidirectional SCL is the serial clock line of the IIC system. 10.2.2 SDA — Serial Data Line The bidirectional SDA is the serial data line of the IIC system. 10.3 Register Definition This section consists of the IIC register descriptions in address order. Refer to the direct-page register summary in the memory chapter of this document for the absolute address assignments for all IIC registers. This section refers to registers and control bits only by their names. A MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 152 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Freescale-provided equate or header file is used to translate these names into the appropriate absolute addresses. 10.3.1 IIC Address Register (IICA) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R 0 0 W Reset 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 10-3. IIC Address Register (IICA) Table 10-2. IICA Field Descriptions Field Description 7–1 AD[7:1] Slave Address. The AD[7:1] field contains the slave address to be used by the IIC module. This field is used on the 7-bit address scheme and the lower seven bits of the 10-bit address scheme. 10.3.2 IIC Frequency Divider Register (IICF) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 R MULT ICR W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 10-4. IIC Frequency Divider Register (IICF) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 153 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Table 10-3. IICF Field Descriptions Field 7–6 MULT 5–0 ICR Description IIC Multiplier Factor. The MULT bits define the multiplier factor, mul. This factor, along with the SCL divider, generates the IIC baud rate. The multiplier factor mul as defined by the MULT bits is provided below. 00 mul = 01 01 mul = 02 10 mul = 04 11 Reserved IIC Clock Rate. The ICR bits are used to prescale the bus clock for bit rate selection. These bits and the MULT bits determine the IIC baud rate, the SDA hold time, the SCL Start hold time, and the SCL Stop hold time. Table 10-5 provides the SCL divider and hold values for corresponding values of the ICR. The SCL divider multiplied by multiplier factor mul generates IIC baud rate. bus speed (Hz) IIC baud rate = --------------------------------------------mul × SCLdivider Eqn. 10-1 SDA hold time is the delay from the falling edge of SCL (IIC clock) to the changing of SDA (IIC data). SDA hold time = bus period (s) × mul × SDA hold value Eqn. 10-2 SCL start hold time is the delay from the falling edge of SDA (IIC data) while SCL is high (Start condition) to the falling edge of SCL (IIC clock). SCL Start hold time = bus period (s) × mul × SCL Start hold value Eqn. 10-3 SCL stop hold time is the delay from the rising edge of SCL (IIC clock) to the rising edge of SDA SDA (IIC data) while SCL is high (Stop condition). SCL Stop hold time = bus period (s) × mul × SCL Stop hold value Eqn. 10-4 For example, if the bus speed is 8 MHz, the table below shows the possible hold time values with different ICR and MULT selections to achieve an IIC baud rate of 100 kbps. Table 10-4. Hold Time Values for 8 MHz Bus Speed Hold Times (μs) MULT ICR SDA SCL Start SCL Stop 0x2 0x00 3.500 3.000 5.500 0x1 0x07 2.500 4.000 5.250 0x1 0x0B 2.250 4.000 5.250 0x0 0x14 2.125 4.250 5.125 0x0 0x18 1.125 4.750 5.125 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 154 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Table 10-5. IIC Divider and Hold Values ICR (hex) SCL Divider SDA Hold Value SCL Hold (Start) Value SCL Hold (Stop) Value ICR (hex) SCL Divider SDA Hold Value SCL Hold (Start) Value SCL Hold (Stop) Value 00 20 7 6 11 20 160 17 78 81 01 22 7 7 12 21 192 17 94 97 02 24 8 8 13 22 224 33 110 113 03 26 8 9 14 23 256 33 126 129 04 28 9 10 15 24 288 49 142 145 05 30 9 11 16 25 320 49 158 161 06 34 10 13 18 26 384 65 190 193 07 40 10 16 21 27 480 65 238 241 08 28 7 10 15 28 320 33 158 161 09 32 7 12 17 29 384 33 190 193 0A 36 9 14 19 2A 448 65 222 225 0B 40 9 16 21 2B 512 65 254 257 0C 44 11 18 23 2C 576 97 286 289 0D 48 11 20 25 2D 640 97 318 321 0E 56 13 24 29 2E 768 129 382 385 0F 68 13 30 35 2F 960 129 478 481 10 48 9 18 25 30 640 65 318 321 11 56 9 22 29 31 768 65 382 385 12 64 13 26 33 32 896 129 446 449 13 72 13 30 37 33 1024 129 510 513 14 80 17 34 41 34 1152 193 574 577 15 88 17 38 45 35 1280 193 638 641 16 104 21 46 53 36 1536 257 766 769 17 128 21 58 65 37 1920 257 958 961 18 80 9 38 41 38 1280 129 638 641 19 96 9 46 49 39 1536 129 766 769 1A 112 17 54 57 3A 1792 257 894 897 1B 128 17 62 65 3B 2048 257 1022 1025 1C 144 25 70 73 3C 2304 385 1150 1153 1D 160 25 78 81 3D 2560 385 1278 1281 1E 192 33 94 97 3E 3072 513 1534 1537 1F 240 33 118 121 3F 3840 513 1918 1921 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 155 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.3.3 IIC Control Register (IICC1) 7 6 5 4 3 IICEN IICIE MST TX TXAK R W Reset 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 RSTA 0 0 0 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 10-5. IIC Control Register (IICC1) Table 10-6. IICC1 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 IICEN IIC Enable. The IICEN bit determines whether the IIC module is enabled. 0 IIC is not enabled 1 IIC is enabled 6 IICIE IIC Interrupt Enable. The IICIE bit determines whether an IIC interrupt is requested. 0 IIC interrupt request not enabled 1 IIC interrupt request enabled 5 MST Master Mode Select. The MST bit changes from a 0 to a 1 when a start signal is generated on the bus and master mode is selected. When this bit changes from a 1 to a 0 a stop signal is generated and the mode of operation changes from master to slave. 0 Slave mode 1 Master mode 4 TX Transmit Mode Select. The TX bit selects the direction of master and slave transfers. In master mode, this bit should be set according to the type of transfer required. Therefore, for address cycles, this bit is always high. When addressed as a slave, this bit should be set by software according to the SRW bit in the status register. 0 Receive 1 Transmit 3 TXAK Transmit Acknowledge Enable. This bit specifies the value driven onto the SDA during data acknowledge cycles for master and slave receivers. 0 An acknowledge signal is sent out to the bus after receiving one data byte 1 No acknowledge signal response is sent 2 RSTA Repeat start. Writing a 1 to this bit generates a repeated start condition provided it is the current master. This bit is always read as cleared. Attempting a repeat at the wrong time results in loss of arbitration. 10.3.4 IIC Status Register (IICS) 7 R 6 TCF 5 4 BUSY IAAS 3 2 0 SRW ARBL 1 0 RXAK IICIF W Reset 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 10-6. IIC Status Register (IICS) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 156 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Table 10-7. IICS Field Descriptions Field Description 7 TCF Transfer Complete Flag. This bit is set on the completion of a byte transfer. This bit is only valid during or immediately following a transfer to the IIC module or from the IIC module.The TCF bit is cleared by reading the IICD register in receive mode or writing to the IICD in transmit mode. 0 Transfer in progress 1 Transfer complete 6 IAAS Addressed as a Slave. The IAAS bit is set when the calling address matches the programmed slave address or when the GCAEN bit is set and a general call is received. Writing the IICC register clears this bit. 0 Not addressed 1 Addressed as a slave 5 BUSY Bus Busy. The BUSY bit indicates the status of the bus regardless of slave or master mode. The BUSY bit is set when a start signal is detected and cleared when a stop signal is detected. 0 Bus is idle 1 Bus is busy 4 ARBL Arbitration Lost. This bit is set by hardware when the arbitration procedure is lost. The ARBL bit must be cleared by software by writing a 1 to it. 0 Standard bus operation 1 Loss of arbitration 2 SRW Slave Read/Write. When addressed as a slave, the SRW bit indicates the value of the R/W command bit of the calling address sent to the master. 0 Slave receive, master writing to slave 1 Slave transmit, master reading from slave 1 IICIF IIC Interrupt Flag. The IICIF bit is set when an interrupt is pending. This bit must be cleared by software, by writing a 1 to it in the interrupt routine. One of the following events can set the IICIF bit: • One byte transfer completes • Match of slave address to calling address • Arbitration lost 0 No interrupt pending 1 Interrupt pending 0 RXAK Receive Acknowledge. When the RXAK bit is low, it indicates an acknowledge signal has been received after the completion of one byte of data transmission on the bus. If the RXAK bit is high it means that no acknowledge signal is detected. 0 Acknowledge received 1 No acknowledge received 10.3.5 IIC Data I/O Register (IICD) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 R DATA W Reset 0 0 0 0 Figure 10-7. IIC Data I/O Register (IICD) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 157 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Table 10-8. IICD Field Descriptions Field Description 7–0 DATA Data — In master transmit mode, when data is written to the IICD, a data transfer is initiated. The most significant bit is sent first. In master receive mode, reading this register initiates receiving of the next byte of data. NOTE When transitioning out of master receive mode, the IIC mode should be switched before reading the IICD register to prevent an inadvertent initiation of a master receive data transfer. In slave mode, the same functions are available after an address match has occurred. The TX bit in IICC must correctly reflect the desired direction of transfer in master and slave modes for the transmission to begin. For instance, if the IIC is configured for master transmit but a master receive is desired, reading the IICD does not initiate the receive. Reading the IICD returns the last byte received while the IIC is configured in master receive or slave receive modes. The IICD does not reflect every byte transmitted on the IIC bus, nor can software verify that a byte has been written to the IICD correctly by reading it back. In master transmit mode, the first byte of data written to IICD following assertion of MST is used for the address transfer and should comprise of the calling address (in bit 7 to bit 1) concatenated with the required R/W bit (in position bit 0). 10.3.6 IIC Control Register 2 (IICC2) 7 6 GCAEN ADEXT 0 0 R 5 4 3 0 0 0 2 1 0 AD10 AD9 AD8 0 0 0 W Reset 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 10-8. IIC Control Register (IICC2) Table 10-9. IICC2 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 GCAEN General Call Address Enable. The GCAEN bit enables or disables general call address. 0 General call address is disabled 1 General call address is enabled 6 ADEXT Address Extension. The ADEXT bit controls the number of bits used for the slave address. 0 7-bit address scheme 1 10-bit address scheme 2–0 AD[10:8] Slave Address. The AD[10:8] field contains the upper three bits of the slave address in the 10-bit address scheme. This field is only valid when the ADEXT bit is set. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 158 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.4 Functional Description This section provides a complete functional description of the IIC module. 10.4.1 IIC Protocol The IIC bus system uses a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL) for data transfer. All devices connected to it must have open drain or open collector outputs. A logic AND function is exercised on both lines with external pullup resistors. The value of these resistors is system dependent. Normally, a standard communication is composed of four parts: • Start signal • Slave address transmission • Data transfer • Stop signal The stop signal should not be confused with the CPU stop instruction. The IIC bus system communication is described briefly in the following sections and illustrated in Figure 10-9. msb SCL 1 lsb 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 msb 9 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 R/W SDA Calling Address Start Signal 1 SDA 3 4 5 Calling Address 4 5 6 7 8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 6 7 8 9 Read/ Ack Write Bit 1 XX Repeated Start Signal 9 No Ack Bit msb AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 R/W Start Signal 3 Data Byte lsb 2 2 Read/ Ack Write Bit msb SCL XXX lsb 1 Stop Signal lsb 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 R/W New Calling Address Read/ Write No Ack Bit Stop Signal Figure 10-9. IIC Bus Transmission Signals 10.4.1.1 Start Signal When the bus is free, no master device is engaging the bus (SCL and SDA lines are at logical high), a master may initiate communication by sending a start signal. As shown in Figure 10-9, a start signal is defined as a high-to-low transition of SDA while SCL is high. This signal denotes the beginning of a new data transfer (each data transfer may contain several bytes of data) and brings all slaves out of their idle states. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 159 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.4.1.2 Slave Address Transmission The first byte of data transferred immediately after the start signal is the slave address transmitted by the master. This is a seven-bit calling address followed by a R/W bit. The R/W bit tells the slave the desired direction of data transfer. 1 = Read transfer, the slave transmits data to the master. 0 = Write transfer, the master transmits data to the slave. Only the slave with a calling address that matches the one transmitted by the master responds by sending back an acknowledge bit. This is done by pulling the SDA low at the ninth clock (see Figure 10-9). No two slaves in the system may have the same address. If the IIC module is the master, it must not transmit an address equal to its own slave address. The IIC cannot be master and slave at the same time. However, if arbitration is lost during an address cycle, the IIC reverts to slave mode and operates correctly even if it is being addressed by another master. 10.4.1.3 Data Transfer Before successful slave addressing is achieved, the data transfer can proceed byte-by-byte in a direction specified by the R/W bit sent by the calling master. All transfers that come after an address cycle are referred to as data transfers, even if they carry sub-address information for the slave device Each data byte is 8 bits long. Data may be changed only while SCL is low and must be held stable while SCL is high as shown in Figure 10-9. There is one clock pulse on SCL for each data bit, the msb being transferred first. Each data byte is followed by a 9th (acknowledge) bit, which is signalled from the receiving device. An acknowledge is signalled by pulling the SDA low at the ninth clock. In summary, one complete data transfer needs nine clock pulses. If the slave receiver does not acknowledge the master in the ninth bit time, the SDA line must be left high by the slave. The master interprets the failed acknowledge as an unsuccessful data transfer. If the master receiver does not acknowledge the slave transmitter after a data byte transmission, the slave interprets this as an end of data transfer and releases the SDA line. In either case, the data transfer is aborted and the master does one of two things: • Relinquishes the bus by generating a stop signal. • Commences a new calling by generating a repeated start signal. 10.4.1.4 Stop Signal The master can terminate the communication by generating a stop signal to free the bus. However, the master may generate a start signal followed by a calling command without generating a stop signal first. This is called repeated start. A stop signal is defined as a low-to-high transition of SDA while SCL at logical 1 (see Figure 10-9). The master can generate a stop even if the slave has generated an acknowledge at which point the slave must release the bus. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 160 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.4.1.5 Repeated Start Signal As shown in Figure 10-9, a repeated start signal is a start signal generated without first generating a stop signal to terminate the communication. This is used by the master to communicate with another slave or with the same slave in different mode (transmit/receive mode) without releasing the bus. 10.4.1.6 Arbitration Procedure The IIC bus is a true multi-master bus that allows more than one master to be connected on it. If two or more masters try to control the bus at the same time, a clock synchronization procedure determines the bus clock, for which the low period is equal to the longest clock low period and the high is equal to the shortest one among the masters. The relative priority of the contending masters is determined by a data arbitration procedure, a bus master loses arbitration if it transmits logic 1 while another master transmits logic 0. The losing masters immediately switch over to slave receive mode and stop driving SDA output. In this case, the transition from master to slave mode does not generate a stop condition. Meanwhile, a status bit is set by hardware to indicate loss of arbitration. 10.4.1.7 Clock Synchronization Because wire-AND logic is performed on the SCL line, a high-to-low transition on the SCL line affects all the devices connected on the bus. The devices start counting their low period and after a device’s clock has gone low, it holds the SCL line low until the clock high state is reached. However, the change of low to high in this device clock may not change the state of the SCL line if another device clock is still within its low period. Therefore, synchronized clock SCL is held low by the device with the longest low period. Devices with shorter low periods enter a high wait state during this time (see Figure 10-10). When all devices concerned have counted off their low period, the synchronized clock SCL line is released and pulled high. There is then no difference between the device clocks and the state of the SCL line and all the devices start counting their high periods. The first device to complete its high period pulls the SCL line low again. Delay Start Counting High Period SCL1 SCL2 SCL Internal Counter Reset Figure 10-10. IIC Clock Synchronization MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 161 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.4.1.8 Handshaking The clock synchronization mechanism can be used as a handshake in data transfer. Slave devices may hold the SCL low after completion of one byte transfer (9 bits). In such a case, it halts the bus clock and forces the master clock into wait states until the slave releases the SCL line. 10.4.1.9 Clock Stretching The clock synchronization mechanism can be used by slaves to slow down the bit rate of a transfer. After the master has driven SCL low the slave can drive SCL low for the required period and then release it. If the slave SCL low period is greater than the master SCL low period then the resulting SCL bus signal low period is stretched. 10.4.2 10-bit Address For 10-bit addressing, 0x11110 is used for the first 5 bits of the first address byte. Various combinations of read/write formats are possible within a transfer that includes 10-bit addressing. 10.4.2.1 Master-Transmitter Addresses a Slave-Receiver The transfer direction is not changed (see Table 10-10). When a 10-bit address follows a start condition, each slave compares the first seven bits of the first byte of the slave address (11110XX) with its own address and tests whether the eighth bit (R/W direction bit) is 0. More than one device can find a match and generate an acknowledge (A1). Then, each slave that finds a match compares the eight bits of the second byte of the slave address with its own address. Only one slave finds a match and generates an acknowledge (A2). The matching slave remains addressed by the master until it receives a stop condition (P) or a repeated start condition (Sr) followed by a different slave address. Slave Address 1st 7 bits R/W Slave Address 2nd byte A1 S 11110 + AD10 + AD9 0 A2 Data A ... Data A/A P AD[8:1] Table 10-10. Master-Transmitter Addresses Slave-Receiver with a 10-bit Address After the master-transmitter has sent the first byte of the 10-bit address, the slave-receiver sees an IIC interrupt. Software must ensure the contents of IICD are ignored and not treated as valid data for this interrupt. 10.4.2.2 Master-Receiver Addresses a Slave-Transmitter The transfer direction is changed after the second R/W bit (see Table 10-11). Up to and including acknowledge bit A2, the procedure is the same as that described for a master-transmitter addressing a slave-receiver. After the repeated start condition (Sr), a matching slave remembers that it was addressed before. This slave then checks whether the first seven bits of the first byte of the slave address following Sr are the same as they were after the start condition (S) and tests whether the eighth (R/W) bit is 1. If there is a match, the slave considers that it has been addressed as a transmitter and generates acknowledge A3. The slave-transmitter remains addressed until it receives a stop condition (P) or a repeated start condition (Sr) followed by a different slave address. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 162 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) After a repeated start condition (Sr), all other slave devices also compare the first seven bits of the first byte of the slave address with their own addresses and test the eighth (R/W) bit. However, none of them are addressed because R/W = 1 (for 10-bit devices) or the 11110XX slave address (for 7-bit devices) does not match. S Slave Address 1st 7 bits R/W 11110 + AD10 + AD9 0 A1 Slave Address 2nd byte A2 AD[8:1] Sr Slave Address 1st 7 bits R/W 11110 + AD10 + AD9 1 A3 Data A ... Data A P Table 10-11. Master-Receiver Addresses a Slave-Transmitter with a 10-bit Address After the master-receiver has sent the first byte of the 10-bit address, the slave-transmitter sees an IIC interrupt. Software must ensure the contents of IICD are ignored and not treated as valid data for this interrupt. 10.4.3 General Call Address General calls can be requested in 7-bit address or 10-bit address. If the GCAEN bit is set, the IIC matches the general call address as well as its own slave address. When the IIC responds to a general call, it acts as a slave-receiver and the IAAS bit is set after the address cycle. Software must read the IICD register after the first byte transfer to determine whether the address matches is its own slave address or a general call. If the value is 00, the match is a general call. If the GCAEN bit is clear, the IIC ignores any data supplied from a general call address by not issuing an acknowledgement. 10.5 Resets The IIC is disabled after reset. The IIC cannot cause an MCU reset. 10.6 Interrupts The IIC generates a single interrupt. An interrupt from the IIC is generated when any of the events in Table 10-12 occur, provided the IICIE bit is set. The interrupt is driven by bit IICIF (of the IIC status register) and masked with bit IICIE (of the IIC control register). The IICIF bit must be cleared by software by writing a 1 to it in the interrupt routine. You can determine the interrupt type by reading the status register. Table 10-12. Interrupt Summary 10.6.1 Interrupt Source Status Flag Local Enable Complete 1-byte transfer TCF IICIF IICIE Match of received calling address IAAS IICIF IICIE Arbitration Lost ARBL IICIF IICIE Byte Transfer Interrupt The TCF (transfer complete flag) bit is set at the falling edge of the ninth clock to indicate the completion of byte transfer. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 163 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.6.2 Address Detect Interrupt When the calling address matches the programmed slave address (IIC address register) or when the GCAEN bit is set and a general call is received, the IAAS bit in the status register is set. The CPU is interrupted, provided the IICIE is set. The CPU must check the SRW bit and set its Tx mode accordingly. 10.6.3 Arbitration Lost Interrupt The IIC is a true multi-master bus that allows more than one master to be connected on it. If two or more masters try to control the bus at the same time, the relative priority of the contending masters is determined by a data arbitration procedure. The IIC module asserts this interrupt when it loses the data arbitration process and the ARBL bit in the status register is set. Arbitration is lost in the following circumstances: • SDA sampled as a low when the master drives a high during an address or data transmit cycle. • SDA sampled as a low when the master drives a high during the acknowledge bit of a data receive cycle. • A start cycle is attempted when the bus is busy. • A repeated start cycle is requested in slave mode. • A stop condition is detected when the master did not request it. This bit must be cleared by software writing a 1 to it. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 164 Freescale Semiconductor Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) 10.7 Initialization/Application Information Module Initialization (Slave) 1. Write: IICC2 — to enable or disable general call — to select 10-bit or 7-bit addressing mode 2. Write: IICA — to set the slave address 3. Write: IICC1 — to enable IIC and interrupts 4. Initialize RAM variables (IICEN = 1 and IICIE = 1) for transmit data 5. Initialize RAM variables used to achieve the routine shown in Figure 10-12 Module Initialization (Master) 1. Write: IICF — to set the IIC baud rate (example provided in this chapter) 2. Write: IICC1 — to enable IIC and interrupts 3. Initialize RAM variables (IICEN = 1 and IICIE = 1) for transmit data 4. Initialize RAM variables used to achieve the routine shown in Figure 10-12 5. Write: IICC1 — to enable TX Register Model AD[7:1] IICA 0 When addressed as a slave (in slave mode), the module responds to this address MULT IICF ICR Baud rate = BUSCLK / (2 x MULT x (SCL DIVIDER)) IICC1 IICEN IICIE MST TX TXAK RSTA 0 0 BUSY ARBL 0 SRW IICIF RXAK AD9 AD8 Module configuration IICS TCF IAAS Module status flags DATA IICD Data register; Write to transmit IIC data read to read IIC data IICC2 GCAEN ADEXT 0 0 0 AD10 Address configuration Figure 10-11. IIC Module Quick Start MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 165 Inter-Integrated Circuit (S08IICV2) Clear IICIF Master Mode ? Y TX N Arbitration Lost ? Y RX Tx/Rx ? N Last Byte Transmitted ? N Clear ARBL Y RXAK=0 ? Last Byte to Be Read ? N N N Y Y IAAS=1 ? Y IAAS=1 ? Y Address Transfer See Note 1 Y End of Addr Cycle (Master Rx) ? Y Y (Read) 2nd Last Byte to Be Read ? N SRW=1 ? Write Next Byte to IICD Set TXACK =1 TX/RX ? Generate Stop Signal (MST = 0) Y Set TX Mode RX TX N (Write) N N Data Transfer See Note 2 ACK from Receiver ? N Switch to Rx Mode Dummy Read from IICD Generate Stop Signal (MST = 0) Read Data from IICD and Store Read Data from IICD and Store Tx Next Byte Write Data to IICD Set RX Mode Switch to Rx Mode Dummy Read from IICD Dummy Read from IICD RTI NOTES: 1 If general call is enabled, a check must be done to determine whether the received address was a general call address (0x00). If the received address was a general call address, then the general call must be handled by user software. 2 When 10-bit addressing is used to address a slave, the slave sees an interrupt following the first byte of the extended address. User software must ensure that for this interrupt, the contents of IICD are ignored and not treated as a valid data transfer. Figure 10-12. Typical IIC Interrupt Routine MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 166 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.1 Introduction The internal clock source (ICS) module provides clock source choices for the MCU. The module contains a frequency-locked loop (FLL) as a clock source that is controllable by either an internal or an external reference clock. The module can provide this FLL clock or either of the internal or external reference clocks as a source for the MCU system clock. There are also signals provided to control a low power oscillator (XOSC) module to allow the use of an external crystal/resonator as the external reference clock. Whichever clock source is chosen, it is passed through a reduced bus divider (BDIV) which allows a lower final output clock frequency to be derived. The bus frequency will be one-half of the ICSOUT frequency. After reset, the ICS is configured for FEI mode and BDIV is reset to 0:1 to introduce an extra divide-by-two before ICSOUT so the bus frequency is fdco/4. At POR, the TRIM and FTRIM settings are reset to 0x80 and 0 respectively so the dco frequency is fdco_ut. For other resets, the trim settings keep the value that was present before the reset. NOTE Refer to Section 1.3, “System Clock Distribution for a detailed view of the distribution of clock sources throughout the MCU. 11.1.1 Module Configuration When the internal reference is enabled in stop mode (IREFSTEN = 1), the voltage regulator must also be enabled in stop mode by setting the LVDE and LVDSE bits in the SPMSC1 register. Figure 11-1 shows the MC9S08SH32 block diagram with the ICS highlighted. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 167 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT TCLK SDA SS MISO MOSI SPSCK VDDA/VREFH VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDD PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ PORT B 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC CPU PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 11-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting ICS Block and Pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 168 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.1.2 Features Key features of the ICS module follow. For device specific information, refer to the ICS Characteristics in the Electricals section of the documentation. • Frequency-locked loop (FLL) is trimmable for accuracy — 0.1% resolution using internal 32kHz reference — 2% deviation over voltage and temperature using internal 32kHz reference • Internal or external reference clocks up to 5MHz can be used to control the FLL — 3 bit select for reference divider is provided • Internal reference clock has 9 trim bits available • Internal or external reference clocks can be selected as the clock source for the MCU • Whichever clock is selected as the source can be divided down — 2 bit select for clock divider is provided – Allowable dividers are: 1, 2, 4, 8 – BDC clock is provided as a constant divide by 2 of the DCO output • Control signals for a low power oscillator as the external reference clock are provided — HGO, RANGE, EREFS, ERCLKEN, EREFSTEN • FLL Engaged Internal mode is automatically selected out of reset 11.1.3 Block Diagram Figure 11-2 is the ICS block diagram. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 169 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) Optional External Reference Clock Source Block RANGE HGO EREFS ERCLKEN EREFSTEN IRCLKEN IREFSTEN ICSERCLK ICSIRCLK CLKS BDIV / 2n Internal Reference Clock 9 IREFS ICSOUT n=0-3 LP DCO DCOOUT /2 ICSLCLK TRIM ICSFFCLK 9 / 2n RDIV_CLK Filter n=0-7 FLL RDIV Internal Clock Source Block Figure 11-2. Internal Clock Source (ICS) Block Diagram 11.1.4 Modes of Operation There are seven modes of operation for the ICS: FEI, FEE, FBI, FBILP, FBE, FBELP, and stop. 11.1.4.1 FLL Engaged Internal (FEI) In FLL engaged internal mode, which is the default mode, the ICS supplies a clock derived from the FLL which is controlled by the internal reference clock. The BDC clock is supplied from the FLL. 11.1.4.2 FLL Engaged External (FEE) In FLL engaged external mode, the ICS supplies a clock derived from the FLL which is controlled by an external reference clock. The BDC clock is supplied from the FLL. 11.1.4.3 FLL Bypassed Internal (FBI) In FLL bypassed internal mode, the FLL is enabled and controlled by the internal reference clock, but is bypassed. The ICS supplies a clock derived from the internal reference clock. The BDC clock is supplied from the FLL. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 170 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.1.4.4 FLL Bypassed Internal Low Power (FBILP) In FLL bypassed internal low power mode, the FLL is disabled and bypassed, and the ICS supplies a clock derived from the internal reference clock. The BDC clock is not available. 11.1.4.5 FLL Bypassed External (FBE) In FLL bypassed external mode, the FLL is enabled and controlled by an external reference clock, but is bypassed. The ICS supplies a clock derived from the external reference clock. The external reference clock can be an external crystal/resonator supplied by an OSC controlled by the ICS, or it can be another external clock source. The BDC clock is supplied from the FLL. 11.1.4.6 FLL Bypassed External Low Power (FBELP) In FLL bypassed external low power mode, the FLL is disabled and bypassed, and the ICS supplies a clock derived from the external reference clock. The external reference clock can be an external crystal/resonator supplied by an OSC controlled by the ICS, or it can be another external clock source. The BDC clock is not available. 11.1.4.7 Stop (STOP) In stop mode the FLL is disabled and the internal or external reference clocks can be selected to be enabled or disabled. The BDC clock is not available and the ICS does not provide an MCU clock source. 11.2 External Signal Description There are no ICS signals that connect off chip. 11.3 Register Definition Figure 11-1 is a summary of ICS registers. Table 11-1. ICS Register Summary Name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 IREFS IRCLKEN IREFSTEN EREFS ERCLKEN EREFSTEN R ICSC1 CLKS RDIV W R ICSC2 BDIV RANGE HGO LP W R ICSTRM TRIM W R 0 0 0 IREFST CLKST ICSSC OSCINIT FTRIM W MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 171 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.3.1 ICS Control Register 1 (ICSC1) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 IREFS IRCLKEN IREFSTEN 1 0 0 R CLKS RDIV W Reset: 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 11-3. ICS Control Register 1 (ICSC1) Table 11-2. ICS Control Register 1 Field Descriptions Field Description 7:6 CLKS Clock Source Select — Selects the clock source that controls the bus frequency. The actual bus frequency depends on the value of the BDIV bits. 00 Output of FLL is selected. 01 Internal reference clock is selected. 10 External reference clock is selected. 11 Reserved, defaults to 00. 5:3 RDIV Reference Divider — Selects the amount to divide down the FLL reference clock selected by the IREFS bits. Resulting frequency must be in the range 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz. 000 Encoding 0 — Divides reference clock by 1 (reset default) 001 Encoding 1 — Divides reference clock by 2 010 Encoding 2 — Divides reference clock by 4 011 Encoding 3 — Divides reference clock by 8 100 Encoding 4 — Divides reference clock by 16 101 Encoding 5 — Divides reference clock by 32 110 Encoding 6 — Divides reference clock by 64 111 Encoding 7 — Divides reference clock by 128 2 IREFS Internal Reference Select — The IREFS bit selects the reference clock source for the FLL. 1 Internal reference clock selected 0 External reference clock selected 1 IRCLKEN 0 IREFSTEN Internal Reference Clock Enable — The IRCLKEN bit enables the internal reference clock for use as ICSIRCLK. 1 ICSIRCLK active 0 ICSIRCLK inactive Internal Reference Stop Enable — The IREFSTEN bit controls whether or not the internal reference clock remains enabled when the ICS enters stop mode. 1 Internal reference clock stays enabled in stop if IRCLKEN is set or if ICS is in FEI, FBI, or FBILP mode before entering stop 0 Internal reference clock is disabled in stop MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 172 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.3.2 ICS Control Register 2 (ICSC2) 7 6 5 4 3 2 RANGE HGO LP EREFS 0 0 0 0 1 0 R BDIV ERCLKEN EREFSTEN W Reset: 0 1 0 0 Figure 11-4. ICS Control Register 2 (ICSC2) Table 11-3. ICS Control Register 2 Field Descriptions Field Description 7:6 BDIV Bus Frequency Divider — Selects the amount to divide down the clock source selected by the CLKS bits. This controls the bus frequency. 00 Encoding 0 — Divides selected clock by 1 01 Encoding 1 — Divides selected clock by 2 (reset default) 10 Encoding 2 — Divides selected clock by 4 11 Encoding 3 — Divides selected clock by 8 5 RANGE Frequency Range Select — Selects the frequency range for the external oscillator. 1 High frequency range selected for the external oscillator 0 Low frequency range selected for the external oscillator 4 HGO High Gain Oscillator Select — The HGO bit controls the external oscillator mode of operation. 1 Configure external oscillator for high gain operation 0 Configure external oscillator for low power operation 3 LP Low Power Select — The LP bit controls whether the FLL is disabled in FLL bypassed modes. 1 FLL is disabled in bypass modes unless BDM is active 0 FLL is not disabled in bypass mode 2 EREFS 1 ERCLKEN External Reference Select — The EREFS bit selects the source for the external reference clock. 1 Oscillator requested 0 External Clock Source requested External Reference Enable — The ERCLKEN bit enables the external reference clock for use as ICSERCLK. 1 ICSERCLK active 0 ICSERCLK inactive 0 External Reference Stop Enable — The EREFSTEN bit controls whether or not the external reference clock EREFSTEN remains enabled when the ICS enters stop mode. 1 External reference clock stays enabled in stop if ERCLKEN is set or if ICS is in FEE, FBE, or FBELP mode before entering stop 0 External reference clock is disabled in stop MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 173 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.3.3 ICS Trim Register (ICSTRM) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R TRIM W POR: 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reset: U U U U U U U U Figure 11-5. ICS Trim Register (ICSTRM) Table 11-4. ICS Trim Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7:0 TRIM ICS Trim Setting — The TRIM bits control the internal reference clock frequency by controlling the internal reference clock period. The bits’ effect are binary weighted (i.e., bit 1 will adjust twice as much as bit 0). Increasing the binary value in TRIM will increase the period, and decreasing the value will decrease the period. An additional fine trim bit is available in ICSSC as the FTRIM bit. 11.3.4 ICS Status and Control (ICSSC) R 7 6 5 4 3 0 0 0 IREFST 2 CLKST 1 0 OSCINIT FTRIM W POR: Reset: 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 U Figure 11-6. ICS Status and Control Register (ICSSC) Table 11-5. ICS Status and Control Register Field Descriptions Field 7:5 Description Reserved, should be cleared. 4 IREFST Internal Reference Status — The IREFST bit indicates the current source for the reference clock. The IREFST bit does not update immediately after a write to the IREFS bit due to internal synchronization between clock domains. 0 Source of reference clock is external clock. 1 Source of reference clock is internal clock. 3-2 CLKST Clock Mode Status — The CLKST bits indicate the current clock mode. The CLKST bits don’t update immediately after a write to the CLKS bits due to internal synchronization between clock domains. 00 Output of FLL is selected. 01 FLL Bypassed, Internal reference clock is selected. 10 FLL Bypassed, External reference clock is selected. 11 Reserved. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 174 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) Table 11-5. ICS Status and Control Register Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 1 OSC Initialization — If the external reference clock is selected by ERCLKEN or by the ICS being in FEE, FBE, or FBELP mode, and if EREFS is set, then this bit is set after the initialization cycles of the external oscillator clock have completed. This bit is only cleared when either ERCLKEN or EREFS are cleared. 0 ICS Fine Trim — The FTRIM bit controls the smallest adjustment of the internal reference clock frequency. Setting FTRIM will increase the period and clearing FTRIM will decrease the period by the smallest amount possible. 11.4 Functional Description 11.4.1 Operational Modes IREFS=1 CLKS=00 FLL Engaged Internal (FEI) IREFS=0 CLKS=10 BDM Enabled or LP =0 FLL Bypassed External Low Power(FBELP) FLL Bypassed External (FBE) IREFS=0 CLKS=10 BDM Disabled and LP=1 IREFS=1 CLKS=01 BDM Enabled or LP=0 FLL Bypassed Internal (FBI) FLL Engaged External (FEE) FLL Bypassed Internal Low Power(FBILP) IREFS=1 CLKS=01 BDM Disabled and LP=1 IREFS=0 CLKS=00 Entered from any state when MCU enters stop Stop Returns to state that was active before MCU entered stop, unless RESET occurs while in stop. Figure 11-7. Clock Switching Modes The seven states of the ICS are shown as a state diagram and are described below. The arrows indicate the allowed movements between the states. 11.4.1.1 FLL Engaged Internal (FEI) FLL engaged internal (FEI) is the default mode of operation and is entered when all the following conditions occur: MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 175 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) • • • CLKS bits are written to 00 IREFS bit is written to 1 RDIV bits are written to divide trimmed reference clock to be within the range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz. In FLL engaged internal mode, the ICSOUT clock is derived from the FLL clock, which is controlled by the internal reference clock. The FLL loop will lock the frequency to 1024 times the reference frequency, as selected by the RDIV bits. The ICSLCLK is available for BDC communications, and the internal reference clock is enabled. 11.4.1.2 FLL Engaged External (FEE) The FLL engaged external (FEE) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur: • • • CLKS bits are written to 00 IREFS bit is written to 0 RDIV bits are written to divide reference clock to be within the range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz In FLL engaged external mode, the ICSOUT clock is derived from the FLL clock which is controlled by the external reference clock.The FLL loop will lock the frequency to 1024 times the reference frequency, as selected by the RDIV bits. The ICSLCLK is available for BDC communications, and the external reference clock is enabled. 11.4.1.3 FLL Bypassed Internal (FBI) The FLL bypassed internal (FBI) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur: • CLKS bits are written to 01 • IREFS bit is written to 1. • BDM mode is active or LP bit is written to 0 In FLL bypassed internal mode, the ICSOUT clock is derived from the internal reference clock. The FLL clock is controlled by the internal reference clock, and the FLL loop will lock the FLL frequency to 1024 times the reference frequency, as selected by the RDIV bits. The ICSLCLK will be available for BDC communications, and the internal reference clock is enabled. 11.4.1.4 FLL Bypassed Internal Low Power (FBILP) The FLL bypassed internal low power (FBILP) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur: • CLKS bits are written to 01 • IREFS bit is written to 1. • BDM mode is not active and LP bit is written to 1 In FLL bypassed internal low power mode, the ICSOUT clock is derived from the internal reference clock and the FLL is disabled. The ICSLCLK will be not be available for BDC communications, and the internal reference clock is enabled. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 176 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) 11.4.1.5 FLL Bypassed External (FBE) The FLL bypassed external (FBE) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur: • CLKS bits are written to 10. • IREFS bit is written to 0. • BDM mode is active or LP bit is written to 0. In FLL bypassed external mode, the ICSOUT clock is derived from the external reference clock. The FLL clock is controlled by the external reference clock, and the FLL loop will lock the FLL frequency to 1024 times the reference frequency, as selected by the RDIV bits, so that the ICSLCLK will be available for BDC communications, and the external reference clock is enabled. 11.4.1.6 FLL Bypassed External Low Power (FBELP) The FLL bypassed external low power (FBELP) mode is entered when all the following conditions occur: • CLKS bits are written to 10. • IREFS bit is written to 0. • BDM mode is not active and LP bit is written to 1. In FLL bypassed external low power mode, the ICSOUT clock is derived from the external reference clock and the FLL is disabled. The ICSLCLK will be not be available for BDC communications. The external reference clock is enabled. 11.4.1.7 Stop Stop mode is entered whenever the MCU enters a STOP state. In this mode, all ICS clock signals are static except in the following cases: ICSIRCLK will be active in stop mode when all the following conditions occur: • IRCLKEN bit is written to 1 • IREFSTEN bit is written to 1 ICSERCLK will be active in stop mode when all the following conditions occur: • ERCLKEN bit is written to 1 • EREFSTEN bit is written to 1 11.4.2 Mode Switching When switching between FLL engaged internal (FEI) and FLL engaged external (FEE) modes the IREFS bit can be changed at anytime, but the RDIV bits must be changed simultaneously so that the resulting frequency stays in the range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz. After a change in the IREFS value the FLL will begin locking again after a few full cycles of the resulting divided reference frequency. The completion of the switch is shown by the IREFST bit. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 177 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) The CLKS bits can also be changed at anytime, but the RDIV bits must be changed simultaneously so that the resulting frequency stays in the range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz. The actual switch to the newly selected clock will not occur until after a few full cycles of the new clock. If the newly selected clock is not available, the previous clock will remain selected. 11.4.3 Bus Frequency Divider The BDIV bits can be changed at anytime and the actual switch to the new frequency will occur immediately. 11.4.4 Low Power Bit Usage The low power bit (LP) is provided to allow the FLL to be disabled and thus conserve power when it is not being used. However, in some applications it may be desirable to enable the FLL and allow it to lock for maximum accuracy before switching to an FLL engaged mode. Do this by writing the LP bit to 0. 11.4.5 Internal Reference Clock When IRCLKEN is set the internal reference clock signal will be presented as ICSIRCLK, which can be used as an additional clock source. The ICSIRCLK frequency can be re-targeted by trimming the period of the internal reference clock. This can be done by writing a new value to the TRIM bits in the ICSTRM register. Writing a larger value will slow down the ICSIRCLK frequency, and writing a smaller value to the ICSTRM register will speed up the ICSIRCLK frequency. The TRIM bits will effect the ICSOUT frequency if the ICS is in FLL engaged internal (FEI), FLL bypassed internal (FBI), or FLL bypassed internal low power (FBILP) mode. The TRIM and FTRIM value will not be affected by a reset. Until ICSIRCLK is trimmed, programming low reference divider (RDIV) factors may result in ICSOUT frequencies that exceed the maximum chip-level frequency and violate the chip-level clock timing specifications (see the Device Overview chapter). If IREFSTEN is set and the IRCLKEN bit is written to 1, the internal reference clock will keep running during stop mode in order to provide a fast recovery upon exiting stop. All MCU devices are factory programmed with a trim value in a reserved memory location (NVTRIM:NVFTRIM). This value can be copied to the ICSTRM register during reset initialization. The factory trim value includes the FTRIM bit. For finer precision, the user can trim the internal oscillator in the application to take into account small differences between the factory test setup and actual application conditions. 11.4.6 Optional External Reference Clock The ICS module can support an external reference clock with frequencies between 31.25 kHz to 5 MHz in all modes. When the ERCLKEN is set, the external reference clock signal will be presented as ICSERCLK, which can be used as an additional clock source. When IREFS = 1, the external reference clock will not be used by the FLL and will only be used as ICSERCLK. In these modes, the frequency can be equal to the maximum frequency the chip-level timing specifications will support (see the Device Overview chapter). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 178 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) If EREFSTEN is set and the ERCLKEN bit is written to 1, the external reference clock will keep running during stop mode in order to provide a fast recovery upon exiting stop. 11.4.7 Fixed Frequency Clock The ICS presents the divided FLL reference clock as ICSFFCLK for use as an additional clock source for peripheral modules. The ICS provides an output signal (ICSFFE) which indicates when the ICS is providing ICSOUT frequencies four times or greater than the divided FLL reference clock (ICSFFCLK). In FLL Engaged mode (FEI and FEE) this is always true and ICSFFE is always high. In ICS Bypass modes, ICSFFE will get asserted for the following combinations of BDIV and RDIV values: • BDIV=00 (divide by 1), RDIV ≥ 010 • BDIV=01 (divide by 2), RDIV ≥ 011 • BDIV=10 (divide by 4), RDIV ≥ 100 • BDIV=11 (divide by 8), RDIV ≥ 101 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 179 Chapter 11 Internal Clock Source (S08ICSV2) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 180 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.1 Introduction The MTIM is a simple 8-bit timer with several software selectable clock sources and a programmable interrupt. The central component of the MTIM is the 8-bit counter, which can operate as a free-running counter or a modulo counter. A timer overflow interrupt can be enabled to generate periodic interrupts for time-based software loops. Figure 12-1 shows the MC9S08SH32 Series block diagram with the MTIM highlighted. 12.1.1 MTIM Configuration Information The external clock for the MTIM module, TCLK, is selected by setting CLKS = 1:1 or 1:0 in MTIMCLK, which selects the TCLK pin input. The TCLK input can be enabled as external clock inputs to both the MTIM and TPM modules simultaneously. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 181 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) TCLK 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) SDA VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDDA/VREFH VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VDD PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ SS MISO MOSI SPSCK PORT B CPU COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 12-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting MTIM Block and Pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 182 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.1.2 Features Timer system features include: • 8-bit up-counter — Free-running or 8-bit modulo limit — Software controllable interrupt on overflow — Counter reset bit (TRST) — Counter stop bit (TSTP) • Four software selectable clock sources for input to prescaler: — System bus clock — rising edge — Fixed frequency clock (XCLK) — rising edge — External clock source on the TCLK pin — rising edge — External clock source on the TCLK pin — falling edge • Nine selectable clock prescale values: — Clock source divide by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 12.1.3 Modes of Operation This section defines the MTIM’s operation in stop, wait and background debug modes. 12.1.3.1 MTIM in Wait Mode The MTIM continues to run in wait mode if enabled before executing the WAIT instruction. Therefore, the MTIM can be used to bring the MCU out of wait mode if the timer overflow interrupt is enabled. For lowest possible current consumption, the MTIM should be stopped by software if not needed as an interrupt source during wait mode. 12.1.3.2 MTIM in Stop Modes The MTIM is disabled in all stop modes, regardless of the settings before executing the STOP instruction. Therefore, the MTIM cannot be used as a wake up source from stop modes. Waking from stop1 and stop2 modes, the MTIM will be put into its reset state. If stop3 is exited with a reset, the MTIM will be put into its reset state. If stop3 is exited with an interrupt, the MTIM continues from the state it was in when stop3 was entered. If the counter was active upon entering stop3, the count will resume from the current value. 12.1.3.3 MTIM in Active Background Mode The MTIM suspends all counting until the microcontroller returns to normal user operating mode. Counting resumes from the suspended value as long as an MTIM reset did not occur (TRST written to a 1 or MTIMMOD written). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 183 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.1.4 Block Diagram The block diagram for the modulo timer module is shown Figure 12-2. BUSCLK XCLK TCLK SYNC CLOCK SOURCE SELECT PRESCALE AND SELECT DIVIDE BY CLKS PS TRST TSTP 8-BIT COMPARATOR MTIM INTERRUPT REQUEST TOIE 8-BIT COUNTER (MTIMCNT) 8-BIT MODULO (MTIMMOD) TOF REG set_tof_pulse Figure 12-2. Modulo Timer (MTIM) Block Diagram 12.2 External Signal Description The MTIM includes one external signal, TCLK, used to input an external clock when selected as the MTIM clock source. The signal properties of TCLK are shown in Table 12-1. Table 12-1. Signal Properties Signal TCLK Function External clock source input into MTIM I/O I The TCLK input must be synchronized by the bus clock. Also, variations in duty cycle and clock jitter must be accommodated. Therefore, the TCLK signal must be limited to one-fourth of the bus frequency. The TCLK pin can be muxed with a general-purpose port pin. See the Pins and Connections chapter for the pin location and priority of this function. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 184 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.3 Register Definition Figure 12-3 is a summary of MTIM registers. Name MTIMSC MTIMCLK MTIMCNT MTIMMOD 7 R TOF W R 0 W R 6 TOIE 0 5 4 0 TRST TSTP CLKS 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 PS COUNT W R MOD W Figure 12-3. MTIM Register Summary Each MTIM includes four registers: • An 8-bit status and control register • An 8-bit clock configuration register • An 8-bit counter register • An 8-bit modulo register Refer to the direct-page register summary in the Memory chapter of this data sheet for the absolute address assignments for all MTIM registers.This section refers to registers and control bits only by their names and relative address offsets. Some MCUs may have more than one MTIM, so register names include placeholder characters to identify which MTIM is being referenced. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 185 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.3.1 MTIM Status and Control Register (MTIMSC) MTIMSC contains the overflow status flag and control bits which are used to configure the interrupt enable, reset the counter, and stop the counter. 7 R 6 5 TOF 0 TOIE W Reset: 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 TSTP TRST 0 0 0 1 Figure 12-4. MTIM Status and Control Register Table 12-2. MTIM Status and Control Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7 TOF MTIM Overflow Flag — This read-only bit is set when the MTIM counter register overflows to $00 after reaching the value in the MTIM modulo register. Clear TOF by reading the MTIMSC register while TOF is set, then writing a 0 to TOF. TOF is also cleared when TRST is written to a 1 or when any value is written to the MTIMMOD register. 0 MTIM counter has not reached the overflow value in the MTIM modulo register. 1 MTIM counter has reached the overflow value in the MTIM modulo register. 6 TOIE MTIM Overflow Interrupt Enable — This read/write bit enables MTIM overflow interrupts. If TOIE is set, then an interrupt is generated when TOF = 1. Reset clears TOIE. Do not set TOIE if TOF = 1. Clear TOF first, then set TOIE. 0 TOF interrupts are disabled. Use software polling. 1 TOF interrupts are enabled. 5 TRST MTIM Counter Reset — When a 1 is written to this write-only bit, the MTIM counter register resets to $00 and TOF is cleared. Reading this bit always returns 0. 0 No effect. MTIM counter remains at current state. 1 MTIM counter is reset to $00. 4 TSTP MTIM Counter Stop — When set, this read/write bit stops the MTIM counter at its current value. Counting resumes from the current value when TSTP is cleared. Reset sets TSTP to prevent the MTIM from counting. 0 MTIM counter is active. 1 MTIM counter is stopped. 3:0 Unused register bits, always read 0. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 186 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.3.2 MTIM Clock Configuration Register (MTIMCLK) MTIMCLK contains the clock select bits (CLKS) and the prescaler select bits (PS). R 7 6 0 0 5 4 3 2 CLKS 1 0 0 0 PS W Reset: 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 12-5. MTIM Clock Configuration Register Table 12-3. MTIM Clock Configuration Register Field Description Field 7:6 5:4 CLKS 3:0 PS Description Unused register bits, always read 0. Clock Source Select — These two read/write bits select one of four different clock sources as the input to the MTIM prescaler. Changing the clock source while the counter is active does not clear the counter. The count continues with the new clock source. Reset clears CLKS to 000. 00 Encoding 0. Bus clock (BUSCLK) 01 Encoding 1. Fixed-frequency clock (XCLK) 10 Encoding 3. External source (TCLK pin), falling edge 11 Encoding 4. External source (TCLK pin), rising edge All other encodings default to the bus clock (BUSCLK). Clock Source Prescaler — These four read/write bits select one of nine outputs from the 8-bit prescaler. Changing the prescaler value while the counter is active does not clear the counter. The count continues with the new prescaler value. Reset clears PS to 0000. 0000 Encoding 0. MTIM clock source ÷ 1 0001 Encoding 1. MTIM clock source ÷ 2 0010 Encoding 2. MTIM clock source ÷ 4 0011 Encoding 3. MTIM clock source ÷ 8 0100 Encoding 4. MTIM clock source ÷ 16 0101 Encoding 5. MTIM clock source ÷ 32 0110 Encoding 6. MTIM clock source ÷ 64 0111 Encoding 7. MTIM clock source ÷ 128 1000 Encoding 8. MTIM clock source ÷ 256 All other encodings default to MTIM clock source ÷ 256. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 187 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.3.3 MTIM Counter Register (MTIMCNT) MTIMCNT is the read-only value of the current MTIM count of the 8-bit counter. 7 6 5 4 R 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 COUNT W Reset: 0 0 0 0 Figure 12-6. MTIM Counter Register Table 12-4. MTIM Counter Register Field Description Field Description 7:0 COUNT MTIM Count — These eight read-only bits contain the current value of the 8-bit counter. Writes have no effect to this register. Reset clears the count to $00. 12.3.4 MTIM Modulo Register (MTIMMOD) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 R MOD W Reset: 0 0 0 0 Figure 12-7. MTIM Modulo Register Table 12-5. MTIM Modulo Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7:0 MOD MTIM Modulo — These eight read/write bits contain the modulo value used to reset the count and set TOF. A value of $00 puts the MTIM in free-running mode. Writing to MTIMMOD resets the COUNT to $00 and clears TOF. Reset sets the modulo to $00. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 188 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.4 Functional Description The MTIM is composed of a main 8-bit up-counter with an 8-bit modulo register, a clock source selector, and a prescaler block with nine selectable values. The module also contains software selectable interrupt logic. The MTIM counter (MTIMCNT) has three modes of operation: stopped, free-running, and modulo. Out of reset, the counter is stopped. If the counter is started without writing a new value to the modulo register, then the counter will be in free-running mode. The counter is in modulo mode when a value other than $00 is in the modulo register while the counter is running. After any MCU reset, the counter is stopped and reset to $00, and the modulus is set to $00. The bus clock is selected as the default clock source and the prescale value is divide by 1. To start the MTIM in free-running mode, simply write to the MTIM status and control register (MTIMSC) and clear the MTIM stop bit (TSTP). Four clock sources are software selectable: the internal bus clock, the fixed frequency clock (XCLK), and an external clock on the TCLK pin, selectable as incrementing on either rising or falling edges. The MTIM clock select bits (CLKS1:CLKS0) in MTIMSC are used to select the desired clock source. If the counter is active (TSTP = 0) when a new clock source is selected, the counter will continue counting from the previous value using the new clock source. Nine prescale values are software selectable: clock source divided by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256. The prescaler select bits (PS[3:0]) in MTIMSC select the desired prescale value. If the counter is active (TSTP = 0) when a new prescaler value is selected, the counter will continue counting from the previous value using the new prescaler value. The MTIM modulo register (MTIMMOD) allows the overflow compare value to be set to any value from $01 to $FF. Reset clears the modulo value to $00, which results in a free running counter. When the counter is active (TSTP = 0), the counter increments at the selected rate until the count matches the modulo value. When these values match, the counter overflows to $00 and continues counting. The MTIM overflow flag (TOF) is set whenever the counter overflows. The flag sets on the transition from the modulo value to $00. Writing to MTIMMOD while the counter is active resets the counter to $00 and clears TOF. Clearing TOF is a two-step process. The first step is to read the MTIMSC register while TOF is set. The second step is to write a 0 to TOF. If another overflow occurs between the first and second steps, the clearing process is reset and TOF will remain set after the second step is performed. This will prevent the second occurrence from being missed. TOF is also cleared when a 1 is written to TRST or when any value is written to the MTIMMOD register. The MTIM allows for an optional interrupt to be generated whenever TOF is set. To enable the MTIM overflow interrupt, set the MTIM overflow interrupt enable bit (TOIE) in MTIMSC. TOIE should never be written to a 1 while TOF = 1. Instead, TOF should be cleared first, then the TOIE can be set to 1. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 189 Chapter 12 Modulo Timer (S08MTIMV1) 12.4.1 MTIM Operation Example This section shows an example of the MTIM operation as the counter reaches a matching value from the modulo register. selected clock source MTIM clock (PS=%0010) MTIMCNT $A7 $A8 $A9 $AA $00 $01 TOF MTIMMOD: $AA Figure 12-8. MTIM counter overflow example In the example of Figure 12-8, the selected clock source could be any of the five possible choices. The prescaler is set to PS = %0010 or divide-by-4. The modulo value in the MTIMMOD register is set to $AA. When the counter, MTIMCNT, reaches the modulo value of $AA, the counter overflows to $00 and continues counting. The timer overflow flag, TOF, sets when the counter value changes from $AA to $00. An MTIM overflow interrupt is generated when TOF is set, if TOIE = 1. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 190 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) 13.1 Introduction The RTC module consists of one 8-bit counter, one 8-bit comparator, several binary-based and decimal-based prescaler dividers, two clock sources, and one programmable periodic interrupt. This module can be used for time-of-day, calendar or any task scheduling functions. It can also serve as a cyclic wake up from low power modes without the need of external components. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 191 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) TCLK 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) SDA VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDDA/VREFH VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VDD PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ SS MISO MOSI SPSCK PORT B CPU COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 13-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting RTC Block and Pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 192 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) 13.1.1 Features Features of the RTC module include: • 8-bit up-counter — 8-bit modulo match limit — Software controllable periodic interrupt on match • Three software selectable clock sources for input to prescaler with selectable binary-based and decimal-based divider values — 1-kHz internal low-power oscillator (LPO) — External clock (ERCLK) — 32-kHz internal clock (IRCLK) 13.1.2 Modes of Operation This section defines the operation in stop, wait and background debug modes. 13.1.2.1 Wait Mode The RTC continues to run in wait mode if enabled before executing the appropriate instruction. Therefore, the RTC can bring the MCU out of wait mode if the real-time interrupt is enabled. For lowest possible current consumption, the RTC should be stopped by software if not needed as an interrupt source during wait mode. 13.1.2.2 Stop Modes The RTC continues to run in stop2 or stop3 mode if the RTC is enabled before executing the STOP instruction. Therefore, the RTC can bring the MCU out of stop modes with no external components, if the real-time interrupt is enabled. The LPO clock can be used in stop2 and stop3 modes. ERCLK and IRCLK clocks are only available in stop3 mode. Power consumption is lower when all clock sources are disabled, but in that case, the real-time interrupt cannot wake up the MCU from stop modes. 13.1.2.3 Active Background Mode The RTC suspends all counting during active background mode until the microcontroller returns to normal user operating mode. Counting resumes from the suspended value as long as the RTCMOD register is not written and the RTCPS and RTCLKS bits are not altered. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 193 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) 13.1.3 Block Diagram The block diagram for the RTC module is shown in Figure 13-2. LPO Clock Source Select ERCLK IRCLK 8-Bit Modulo (RTCMOD) RTCLKS VDD RTCLKS[0] RTCPS Prescaler Divide-By Q D Background Mode E 8-Bit Comparator RTC Clock RTC Interrupt Request RTIF R Write 1 to RTIF 8-Bit Counter (RTCCNT) RTIE Figure 13-2. Real-Time Counter (RTC) Block Diagram 13.2 External Signal Description The RTC does not include any off-chip signals. 13.3 Register Definition The RTC includes a status and control register, an 8-bit counter register, and an 8-bit modulo register. Refer to the direct-page register summary in the memory section of this document for the absolute address assignments for all RTC registers.This section refers to registers and control bits only by their names and relative address offsets. Table 13-1 is a summary of RTC registers. Table 13-1. RTC Register Summary Name 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R RTCSC RTIF RTCLKS RTIE RTCPS W R RTCCNT RTCCNT W R RTCMOD RTCMOD W MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 194 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) 13.3.1 RTC Status and Control Register (RTCSC) RTCSC contains the real-time interrupt status flag (RTIF), the clock select bits (RTCLKS), the real-time interrupt enable bit (RTIE), and the prescaler select bits (RTCPS). 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 R RTIF RTCLKS RTIE RTCPS W Reset: 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 13-3. RTC Status and Control Register (RTCSC) Table 13-2. RTCSC Field Descriptions Field Description 7 RTIF Real-Time Interrupt Flag This status bit indicates the RTC counter register reached the value in the RTC modulo register. Writing a logic 0 has no effect. Writing a logic 1 clears the bit and the real-time interrupt request. Reset clears RTIF. 0 RTC counter has not reached the value in the RTC modulo register. 1 RTC counter has reached the value in the RTC modulo register. 6–5 RTCLKS Real-Time Clock Source Select. These two read/write bits select the clock source input to the RTC prescaler. Changing the clock source clears the prescaler and RTCCNT counters. When selecting a clock source, ensure that the clock source is properly enabled (if applicable) to ensure correct operation of the RTC. Reset clears RTCLKS. 00 Real-time clock source is the 1-kHz low power oscillator (LPO) 01 Real-time clock source is the external clock (ERCLK) 1x Real-time clock source is the internal clock (IRCLK) 4 RTIE Real-Time Interrupt Enable. This read/write bit enables real-time interrupts. If RTIE is set, then an interrupt is generated when RTIF is set. Reset clears RTIE. 0 Real-time interrupt requests are disabled. Use software polling. 1 Real-time interrupt requests are enabled. 3–0 RTCPS Real-Time Clock Prescaler Select. These four read/write bits select binary-based or decimal-based divide-by values for the clock source. See Table 13-3. Changing the prescaler value clears the prescaler and RTCCNT counters. Reset clears RTCPS. Table 13-3. RTC Prescaler Divide-by values RTCPS RTCLKS[0] 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 Off 23 25 26 27 28 29 210 1 2 22 10 24 102 5x102 103 1 Off 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 103 105 2x105 2x103 5x103 104 2x104 5x104 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 195 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) 13.3.2 RTC Counter Register (RTCCNT) RTCCNT is the read-only value of the current RTC count of the 8-bit counter. 7 6 5 4 R 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 RTCCNT W Reset: 0 0 0 0 Figure 13-4. RTC Counter Register (RTCCNT) Table 13-4. RTCCNT Field Descriptions Field Description 7:0 RTCCNT RTC Count. These eight read-only bits contain the current value of the 8-bit counter. Writes have no effect to this register. Reset, writing to RTCMOD, or writing different values to RTCLKS and RTCPS clear the count to 0x00. 13.3.3 RTC Modulo Register (RTCMOD) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 R RTCMOD W Reset: 0 0 0 0 Figure 13-5. RTC Modulo Register (RTCMOD) Table 13-5. RTCMOD Field Descriptions Field Description 7:0 RTC Modulo. These eight read/write bits contain the modulo value used to reset the count to 0x00 upon a compare RTCMOD match and set the RTIF status bit. A value of 0x00 sets the RTIF bit on each rising edge of the prescaler output. Writing to RTCMOD resets the prescaler and the RTCCNT counters to 0x00. Reset sets the modulo to 0x00. 13.4 Functional Description The RTC is composed of a main 8-bit up-counter with an 8-bit modulo register, a clock source selector, and a prescaler block with binary-based and decimal-based selectable values. The module also contains software selectable interrupt logic. After any MCU reset, the counter is stopped and reset to 0x00, the modulus register is set to 0x00, and the prescaler is off. The 1-kHz internal oscillator clock is selected as the default clock source. To start the prescaler, write any value other than zero to the prescaler select bits (RTCPS). Three clock sources are software selectable: the low power oscillator clock (LPO), the external clock (ERCLK), and the internal clock (IRCLK). The RTC clock select bits (RTCLKS) select the desired clock source. If a different value is written to RTCLKS, the prescaler and RTCCNT counters are reset to 0x00. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 196 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) RTCPS and the RTCLKS[0] bit select the desired divide-by value. If a different value is written to RTCPS, the prescaler and RTCCNT counters are reset to 0x00. Table 13-6 shows different prescaler period values. Table 13-6. Prescaler Period RTCPS 1-kHz Internal Clock (RTCLKS = 00) 1-MHz External Clock 32-kHz Internal Clock 32-kHz Internal Clock (RTCLKS = 01) (RTCLKS = 10) (RTCLKS = 11) 0000 Off Off Off Off 0001 8 ms 1.024 ms 250 μs 32 ms 0010 32 ms 2.048 ms 1 ms 64 ms 0011 64 ms 4.096 ms 2 ms 128 ms 0100 128 ms 8.192 ms 4 ms 256 ms 0101 256 ms 16.4 ms 8 ms 512 ms 0110 512 ms 32.8 ms 16 ms 1.024 s 0111 1.024 s 65.5 ms 32 ms 2.048 s 1000 1 ms 1 ms 31.25 μs 31.25 ms 1001 2 ms 2 ms 62.5 μs 62.5 ms 1010 4 ms 5 ms 125 μs 156.25 ms 1011 10 ms 10 ms 312.5 μs 312.5 ms 1100 16 ms 20 ms 0.5 ms 0.625 s 1101 0.1 s 50 ms 3.125 ms 1.5625 s 1110 0.5 s 0.1 s 15.625 ms 3.125 s 1111 1s 0.2 s 31.25 ms 6.25 s The RTC modulo register (RTCMOD) allows the compare value to be set to any value from 0x00 to 0xFF. When the counter is active, the counter increments at the selected rate until the count matches the modulo value. When these values match, the counter resets to 0x00 and continues counting. The real-time interrupt flag (RTIF) is set when a match occurs. The flag sets on the transition from the modulo value to 0x00. Writing to RTCMOD resets the prescaler and the RTCCNT counters to 0x00. The RTC allows for an interrupt to be generated when RTIF is set. To enable the real-time interrupt, set the real-time interrupt enable bit (RTIE) in RTCSC. RTIF is cleared by writing a 1 to RTIF. 13.4.1 RTC Operation Example This section shows an example of the RTC operation as the counter reaches a matching value from the modulo register. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 197 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) Internal 1-kHz Clock Source RTC Clock (RTCPS = 0xA) RTCCNT 0x52 0x53 0x54 0x55 0x00 0x01 RTIF RTCMOD 0x55 Figure 13-6. RTC Counter Overflow Example In the example of Figure 13-6, the selected clock source is the 1-kHz internal oscillator clock source. The prescaler (RTCPS) is set to 0xA or divide-by-4. The modulo value in the RTCMOD register is set to 0x55. When the counter, RTCCNT, reaches the modulo value of 0x55, the counter overflows to 0x00 and continues counting. The real-time interrupt flag, RTIF, sets when the counter value changes from 0x55 to 0x00. A real-time interrupt is generated when RTIF is set, if RTIE is set. 13.5 Initialization/Application Information This section provides example code to give some basic direction to a user on how to initialize and configure the RTC module. The example software is implemented in C language. The example below shows how to implement time of day with the RTC using the 1-kHz clock source to achieve the lowest possible power consumption. Because the 1-kHz clock source is not as accurate as a crystal, software can be added for any adjustments. For accuracy without adjustments at the expense of additional power consumption, the external clock (ERCLK) or the internal clock (IRCLK) can be selected with appropriate prescaler and modulo values. /* Initialize the elapsed time counters */ Seconds = 0; Minutes = 0; Hours = 0; Days=0; /* Configure RTC to interrupt every 1 second from 1-kHz clock source */ RTCMOD.byte = 0x00; RTCSC.byte = 0x1F; /********************************************************************** Function Name : RTC_ISR Notes : Interrupt service routine for RTC module. **********************************************************************/ MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 198 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) #pragma TRAP_PROC void RTC_ISR(void) { /* Clear the interrupt flag */ RTCSC.byte = RTCSC.byte | 0x80; /* RTC interrupts every 1 Second */ Seconds++; /* 60 seconds in a minute */ if (Seconds > 59){ Minutes++; Seconds = 0; } /* 60 minutes in an hour */ if (Minutes > 59){ Hours++; Minutes = 0; } /* 24 hours in a day */ if (Hours > 23){ Days ++; Hours = 0; } MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 199 Chapter 13 Real-Time Counter (S08RTCV1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 200 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 14.1 Introduction Figure 14-1 shows the MC9S08SH32 Series block diagram with the SCI module highlighted. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 201 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT TCLK SDA SS MISO MOSI SPSCK VDDA/VREFH VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDD PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ PORT B 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC CPU PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 14-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting SCI Block and Pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 202 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 14.1.1 Features Features of SCI module include: • Full-duplex, standard non-return-to-zero (NRZ) format • Double-buffered transmitter and receiver with separate enables • Programmable baud rates (13-bit modulo divider) • Interrupt-driven or polled operation: — Transmit data register empty and transmission complete — Receive data register full — Receive overrun, parity error, framing error, and noise error — Idle receiver detect — Active edge on receive pin — Break detect supporting LIN • Hardware parity generation and checking • Programmable 8-bit or 9-bit character length • Receiver wakeup by idle-line or address-mark • Optional 13-bit break character generation / 11-bit break character detection • Selectable transmitter output polarity 14.1.2 Modes of Operation See Section 14.3, “Functional Description,” For details concerning SCI operation in these modes: • 8- and 9-bit data modes • Stop mode operation • Loop mode • Single-wire mode MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 203 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 14.1.3 Block Diagram Figure 14-2 shows the transmitter portion of the SCI. INTERNAL BUS (WRITE-ONLY) LOOPS SCID – Tx BUFFER RSRC LOOP CONTROL STOP M START 11-BIT TRANSMIT SHIFT REGISTER 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TO TxD PIN L LSB H 1 × BAUD RATE CLOCK TO RECEIVE DATA IN SHIFT DIRECTION PT BREAK (ALL 0s) PARITY GENERATION PREAMBLE (ALL 1s) PE SHIFT ENABLE T8 LOAD FROM SCIxD TXINV SCI CONTROLS TxD TE SBK TRANSMIT CONTROL TXDIR TxD DIRECTION TO TxD PIN LOGIC BRK13 TDRE TIE TC Tx INTERRUPT REQUEST TCIE Figure 14-2. SCI Transmitter Block Diagram MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 204 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Figure 14-3 shows the receiver portion of the SCI. INTERNAL BUS (READ-ONLY) 16 × BAUD RATE CLOCK DIVIDE BY 16 SCID – Rx BUFFER LBKDE H DATA RECOVERY WAKE ILT 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 START FROM RxD PIN RXINV M LSB RSRC 11-BIT RECEIVE SHIFT REGISTER MSB SINGLE-WIRE LOOP CONTROL ALL 1s LOOPS STOP FROM TRANSMITTER 0 L SHIFT DIRECTION WAKEUP LOGIC RWU RWUID ACTIVE EDGE DETECT RDRF RIE IDLE ILIE LBKDIF Rx INTERRUPT REQUEST LBKDIE RXEDGIF RXEDGIE OR ORIE FE FEIE NF ERROR INTERRUPT REQUEST NEIE PE PT PARITY CHECKING PF PEIE Figure 14-3. SCI Receiver Block Diagram MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 205 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 14.2 Register Definition The SCI has eight 8-bit registers to control baud rate, select SCI options, report SCI status, and for transmit/receive data. Refer to the direct-page register summary in the Memory chapter of this data sheet for the absolute address assignments for all SCI registers. This section refers to registers and control bits only by their names. A Freescale-provided equate or header file is used to translate these names into the appropriate absolute addresses. 14.2.1 SCI Baud Rate Registers (SCIxBDH, SCIxBDL) This pair of registers controls the prescale divisor for SCI baud rate generation. To update the 13-bit baud rate setting [SBR12:SBR0], first write to SCIxBDH to buffer the high half of the new value and then write to SCIxBDL. The working value in SCIxBDH does not change until SCIxBDL is written. SCIxBDL is reset to a non-zero value, so after reset the baud rate generator remains disabled until the first time the receiver or transmitter is enabled (RE or TE bits in SCIxC2 are written to 1). 7 6 5 LBKDIE RXEDGIE 0 0 R 4 3 2 1 0 SBR12 SBR11 SBR10 SBR9 SBR8 0 0 0 0 0 0 W Reset 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 14-4. SCI Baud Rate Register (SCIxBDH) Table 14-1. SCIxBDH Field Descriptions Field 7 LBKDIE Description LIN Break Detect Interrupt Enable (for LBKDIF) 0 Hardware interrupts from LBKDIF disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when LBKDIF flag is 1. 6 RXEDGIE RxD Input Active Edge Interrupt Enable (for RXEDGIF) 0 Hardware interrupts from RXEDGIF disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when RXEDGIF flag is 1. 4:0 SBR[12:8] Baud Rate Modulo Divisor — The 13 bits in SBR[12:0] are referred to collectively as BR, and they set the modulo divide rate for the SCI baud rate generator. When BR = 0, the SCI baud rate generator is disabled to reduce supply current. When BR = 1 to 8191, the SCI baud rate = BUSCLK/(16×BR). See also BR bits in Table 14-2. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 206 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SBR7 SBR6 SBR5 SBR4 SBR3 SBR2 SBR1 SBR0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 R W Reset Figure 14-5. SCI Baud Rate Register (SCIxBDL) Table 14-2. SCIxBDL Field Descriptions Field 7:0 SBR[7:0] 14.2.2 Description Baud Rate Modulo Divisor — These 13 bits in SBR[12:0] are referred to collectively as BR, and they set the modulo divide rate for the SCI baud rate generator. When BR = 0, the SCI baud rate generator is disabled to reduce supply current. When BR = 1 to 8191, the SCI baud rate = BUSCLK/(16×BR). See also BR bits in Table 14-1. SCI Control Register 1 (SCIxC1) This read/write register is used to control various optional features of the SCI system. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LOOPS SCISWAI RSRC M WAKE ILT PE PT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 14-6. SCI Control Register 1 (SCIxC1) Table 14-3. SCIxC1 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 LOOPS Loop Mode Select — Selects between loop back modes and normal 2-pin full-duplex modes. When LOOPS = 1, the transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver input. 0 Normal operation — RxD and TxD use separate pins. 1 Loop mode or single-wire mode where transmitter outputs are internally connected to receiver input. (See RSRC bit.) RxD pin is not used by SCI. 6 SCISWAI SCI Stops in Wait Mode 0 SCI clocks continue to run in wait mode so the SCI can be the source of an interrupt that wakes up the CPU. 1 SCI clocks freeze while CPU is in wait mode. 5 RSRC 4 M Receiver Source Select — This bit has no meaning or effect unless the LOOPS bit is set to 1. When LOOPS = 1, the receiver input is internally connected to the TxD pin and RSRC determines whether this connection is also connected to the transmitter output. 0 Provided LOOPS = 1, RSRC = 0 selects internal loop back mode and the SCI does not use the RxD pins. 1 Single-wire SCI mode where the TxD pin is connected to the transmitter output and receiver input. 9-Bit or 8-Bit Mode Select 0 Normal — start + 8 data bits (LSB first) + stop. 1 Receiver and transmitter use 9-bit data characters start + 8 data bits (LSB first) + 9th data bit + stop. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 207 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Table 14-3. SCIxC1 Field Descriptions (continued) Field 3 WAKE Description Receiver Wakeup Method Select — Refer to Section 14.3.3.2, “Receiver Wakeup Operation” for more information. 0 Idle-line wakeup. 1 Address-mark wakeup. 2 ILT Idle Line Type Select — Setting this bit to 1 ensures that the stop bit and logic 1 bits at the end of a character do not count toward the 10 or 11 bit times of logic high level needed by the idle line detection logic. Refer to Section 14.3.3.2.1, “Idle-Line Wakeup” for more information. 0 Idle character bit count starts after start bit. 1 Idle character bit count starts after stop bit. 1 PE Parity Enable — Enables hardware parity generation and checking. When parity is enabled, the most significant bit (MSB) of the data character (eighth or ninth data bit) is treated as the parity bit. 0 No hardware parity generation or checking. 1 Parity enabled. 0 PT Parity Type — Provided parity is enabled (PE = 1), this bit selects even or odd parity. Odd parity means the total number of 1s in the data character, including the parity bit, is odd. Even parity means the total number of 1s in the data character, including the parity bit, is even. 0 Even parity. 1 Odd parity. 14.2.3 SCI Control Register 2 (SCIxC2) This register can be read or written at any time. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TIE TCIE RIE ILIE TE RE RWU SBK 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 14-7. SCI Control Register 2 (SCIxC2) Table 14-4. SCIxC2 Field Descriptions Field 7 TIE 6 TCIE Description Transmit Interrupt Enable (for TDRE) 0 Hardware interrupts from TDRE disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when TDRE flag is 1. Transmission Complete Interrupt Enable (for TC) 0 Hardware interrupts from TC disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when TC flag is 1. 5 RIE Receiver Interrupt Enable (for RDRF) 0 Hardware interrupts from RDRF disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when RDRF flag is 1. 4 ILIE Idle Line Interrupt Enable (for IDLE) 0 Hardware interrupts from IDLE disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when IDLE flag is 1. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 208 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Table 14-4. SCIxC2 Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 3 TE Transmitter Enable 0 Transmitter off. 1 Transmitter on. TE must be 1 in order to use the SCI transmitter. When TE = 1, the SCI forces the TxD pin to act as an output for the SCI system. When the SCI is configured for single-wire operation (LOOPS = RSRC = 1), TXDIR controls the direction of traffic on the single SCI communication line (TxD pin). TE also can be used to queue an idle character by writing TE = 0 then TE = 1 while a transmission is in progress. Refer to Section 14.3.2.1, “Send Break and Queued Idle” for more details. When TE is written to 0, the transmitter keeps control of the port TxD pin until any data, queued idle, or queued break character finishes transmitting before allowing the pin to revert to a general-purpose I/O pin. 2 RE Receiver Enable — When the SCI receiver is off, the RxD pin reverts to being a general-purpose port I/O pin. If LOOPS = 1 the RxD pin reverts to being a general-purpose I/O pin even if RE = 1. 0 Receiver off. 1 Receiver on. 1 RWU Receiver Wakeup Control — This bit can be written to 1 to place the SCI receiver in a standby state where it waits for automatic hardware detection of a selected wakeup condition. The wakeup condition is either an idle line between messages (WAKE = 0, idle-line wakeup), or a logic 1 in the most significant data bit in a character (WAKE = 1, address-mark wakeup). Application software sets RWU and (normally) a selected hardware condition automatically clears RWU. Refer to Section 14.3.3.2, “Receiver Wakeup Operation” for more details. 0 Normal SCI receiver operation. 1 SCI receiver in standby waiting for wakeup condition. 0 SBK Send Break — Writing a 1 and then a 0 to SBK queues a break character in the transmit data stream. Additional break characters of 10 or 11 (13 or 14 if BRK13 = 1) bit times of logic 0 are queued as long as SBK = 1. Depending on the timing of the set and clear of SBK relative to the information currently being transmitted, a second break character may be queued before software clears SBK. Refer to Section 14.3.2.1, “Send Break and Queued Idle” for more details. 0 Normal transmitter operation. 1 Queue break character(s) to be sent. 14.2.4 SCI Status Register 1 (SCIxS1) This register has eight read-only status flags. Writes have no effect. Special software sequences (which do not involve writing to this register) are used to clear these status flags. R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TDRE TC RDRF IDLE OR NF FE PF 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 W Reset = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 14-8. SCI Status Register 1 (SCIxS1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 209 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Table 14-5. SCIxS1 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 TDRE Transmit Data Register Empty Flag — TDRE is set out of reset and when a transmit data value transfers from the transmit data buffer to the transmit shifter, leaving room for a new character in the buffer. To clear TDRE, read SCIxS1 with TDRE = 1 and then write to the SCI data register (SCIxD). 0 Transmit data register (buffer) full. 1 Transmit data register (buffer) empty. 6 TC Transmission Complete Flag — TC is set out of reset and when TDRE = 1 and no data, preamble, or break character is being transmitted. 0 Transmitter active (sending data, a preamble, or a break). 1 Transmitter idle (transmission activity complete). TC is cleared automatically by reading SCIxS1 with TC = 1 and then doing one of the following three things: • Write to the SCI data register (SCIxD) to transmit new data • Queue a preamble by changing TE from 0 to 1 • Queue a break character by writing 1 to SBK in SCIxC2 5 RDRF Receive Data Register Full Flag — RDRF becomes set when a character transfers from the receive shifter into the receive data register (SCIxD). To clear RDRF, read SCIxS1 with RDRF = 1 and then read the SCI data register (SCIxD). 0 Receive data register empty. 1 Receive data register full. 4 IDLE Idle Line Flag — IDLE is set when the SCI receive line becomes idle for a full character time after a period of activity. When ILT = 0, the receiver starts counting idle bit times after the start bit. So if the receive character is all 1s, these bit times and the stop bit time count toward the full character time of logic high (10 or 11 bit times depending on the M control bit) needed for the receiver to detect an idle line. When ILT = 1, the receiver doesn’t start counting idle bit times until after the stop bit. So the stop bit and any logic high bit times at the end of the previous character do not count toward the full character time of logic high needed for the receiver to detect an idle line. To clear IDLE, read SCIxS1 with IDLE = 1 and then read the SCI data register (SCIxD). After IDLE has been cleared, it cannot become set again until after a new character has been received and RDRF has been set. IDLE will get set only once even if the receive line remains idle for an extended period. 0 No idle line detected. 1 Idle line was detected. 3 OR Receiver Overrun Flag — OR is set when a new serial character is ready to be transferred to the receive data register (buffer), but the previously received character has not been read from SCIxD yet. In this case, the new character (and all associated error information) is lost because there is no room to move it into SCIxD. To clear OR, read SCIxS1 with OR = 1 and then read the SCI data register (SCIxD). 0 No overrun. 1 Receive overrun (new SCI data lost). 2 NF Noise Flag — The advanced sampling technique used in the receiver takes seven samples during the start bit and three samples in each data bit and the stop bit. If any of these samples disagrees with the rest of the samples within any bit time in the frame, the flag NF will be set at the same time as the flag RDRF gets set for the character. To clear NF, read SCIxS1 and then read the SCI data register (SCIxD). 0 No noise detected. 1 Noise detected in the received character in SCIxD. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 210 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Table 14-5. SCIxS1 Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 1 FE Framing Error Flag — FE is set at the same time as RDRF when the receiver detects a logic 0 where the stop bit was expected. This suggests the receiver was not properly aligned to a character frame. To clear FE, read SCIxS1 with FE = 1 and then read the SCI data register (SCIxD). 0 No framing error detected. This does not guarantee the framing is correct. 1 Framing error. 0 PF Parity Error Flag — PF is set at the same time as RDRF when parity is enabled (PE = 1) and the parity bit in the received character does not agree with the expected parity value. To clear PF, read SCIxS1 and then read the SCI data register (SCIxD). 0 No parity error. 1 Parity error. 14.2.5 SCI Status Register 2 (SCIxS2) This register has one read-only status flag. 7 6 LBKDIF RXEDGIF 0 0 R 5 4 3 2 1 RXINV RWUID BRK13 LBKDE 0 0 0 0 0 0 RAF W Reset 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 14-9. SCI Status Register 2 (SCIxS2) Table 14-6. SCIxS2 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 LBKDIF LIN Break Detect Interrupt Flag — LBKDIF is set when the LIN break detect circuitry is enabled and a LIN break character is detected. LBKDIF is cleared by writing a “1” to it. 0 No LIN break character has been detected. 1 LIN break character has been detected. 6 RXEDGIF RxD Pin Active Edge Interrupt Flag — RXEDGIF is set when an active edge (falling if RXINV = 0, rising if RXINV=1) on the RxD pin occurs. RXEDGIF is cleared by writing a “1” to it. 0 No active edge on the receive pin has occurred. 1 An active edge on the receive pin has occurred. 4 RXINV1 Receive Data Inversion — Setting this bit reverses the polarity of the received data input. 0 Receive data not inverted 1 Receive data inverted 3 RWUID Receive Wake Up Idle Detect— RWUID controls whether the idle character that wakes up the receiver sets the IDLE bit. 0 During receive standby state (RWU = 1), the IDLE bit does not get set upon detection of an idle character. 1 During receive standby state (RWU = 1), the IDLE bit gets set upon detection of an idle character. 2 BRK13 Break Character Generation Length — BRK13 is used to select a longer transmitted break character length. Detection of a framing error is not affected by the state of this bit. 0 Break character is transmitted with length of 10 bit times (11 if M = 1) 1 Break character is transmitted with length of 13 bit times (14 if M = 1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 211 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Table 14-6. SCIxS2 Field Descriptions (continued) Field 1 LBKDE 0 RAF 1 Description LIN Break Detection Enable— LBKDE is used to select a longer break character detection length. While LBKDE is set, framing error (FE) and receive data register full (RDRF) flags are prevented from setting. 0 Break character is detected at length of 10 bit times (11 if M = 1). 1 Break character is detected at length of 11 bit times (12 if M = 1). Receiver Active Flag — RAF is set when the SCI receiver detects the beginning of a valid start bit, and RAF is cleared automatically when the receiver detects an idle line. This status flag can be used to check whether an SCI character is being received before instructing the MCU to go to stop mode. 0 SCI receiver idle waiting for a start bit. 1 SCI receiver active (RxD input not idle). Setting RXINV inverts the RxD input for all cases: data bits, start and stop bits, break, and idle. When using an internal oscillator in a LIN system, it is necessary to raise the break detection threshold by one bit time. Under the worst case timing conditions allowed in LIN, it is possible that a 0x00 data character can appear to be 10.26 bit times long at a slave which is running 14% faster than the master. This would trigger normal break detection circuitry which is designed to detect a 10 bit break symbol. When the LBKDE bit is set, framing errors are inhibited and the break detection threshold changes from 10 bits to 11 bits, preventing false detection of a 0x00 data character as a LIN break symbol. 14.2.6 SCI Control Register 3 (SCIxC3) 7 R 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 T8 TXDIR TXINV ORIE NEIE FEIE PEIE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R8 W Reset 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 14-10. SCI Control Register 3 (SCIxC3) Table 14-7. SCIxC3 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 R8 Ninth Data Bit for Receiver — When the SCI is configured for 9-bit data (M = 1), R8 can be thought of as a ninth receive data bit to the left of the MSB of the buffered data in the SCIxD register. When reading 9-bit data, read R8 before reading SCIxD because reading SCIxD completes automatic flag clearing sequences which could allow R8 and SCIxD to be overwritten with new data. 6 T8 Ninth Data Bit for Transmitter — When the SCI is configured for 9-bit data (M = 1), T8 may be thought of as a ninth transmit data bit to the left of the MSB of the data in the SCIxD register. When writing 9-bit data, the entire 9-bit value is transferred to the SCI shift register after SCIxD is written so T8 should be written (if it needs to change from its previous value) before SCIxD is written. If T8 does not need to change in the new value (such as when it is used to generate mark or space parity), it need not be written each time SCIxD is written. 5 TXDIR TxD Pin Direction in Single-Wire Mode — When the SCI is configured for single-wire half-duplex operation (LOOPS = RSRC = 1), this bit determines the direction of data at the TxD pin. 0 TxD pin is an input in single-wire mode. 1 TxD pin is an output in single-wire mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 212 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Table 14-7. SCIxC3 Field Descriptions (continued) Field 4 TXINV1 1 Description Transmit Data Inversion — Setting this bit reverses the polarity of the transmitted data output. 0 Transmit data not inverted 1 Transmit data inverted 3 ORIE Overrun Interrupt Enable — This bit enables the overrun flag (OR) to generate hardware interrupt requests. 0 OR interrupts disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when OR = 1. 2 NEIE Noise Error Interrupt Enable — This bit enables the noise flag (NF) to generate hardware interrupt requests. 0 NF interrupts disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when NF = 1. 1 FEIE Framing Error Interrupt Enable — This bit enables the framing error flag (FE) to generate hardware interrupt requests. 0 FE interrupts disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when FE = 1. 0 PEIE Parity Error Interrupt Enable — This bit enables the parity error flag (PF) to generate hardware interrupt requests. 0 PF interrupts disabled (use polling). 1 Hardware interrupt requested when PF = 1. Setting TXINV inverts the TxD output for all cases: data bits, start and stop bits, break, and idle. 14.2.7 SCI Data Register (SCIxD) This register is actually two separate registers. Reads return the contents of the read-only receive data buffer and writes go to the write-only transmit data buffer. Reads and writes of this register are also involved in the automatic flag clearing mechanisms for the SCI status flags. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 R R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 R0 W T7 T6 T5 T4 T3 T2 T1 T0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reset Figure 14-11. SCI Data Register (SCIxD) 14.3 Functional Description The SCI allows full-duplex, asynchronous, NRZ serial communication among the MCU and remote devices, including other MCUs. The SCI comprises a baud rate generator, transmitter, and receiver block. The transmitter and receiver operate independently, although they use the same baud rate generator. During normal operation, the MCU monitors the status of the SCI, writes the data to be transmitted, and processes received data. The following describes each of the blocks of the SCI. 14.3.1 Baud Rate Generation As shown in Figure 14-12, the clock source for the SCI baud rate generator is the bus-rate clock. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 213 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) MODULO DIVIDE BY (1 THROUGH 8191) BUSCLK SBR12:SBR0 BAUD RATE GENERATOR OFF IF [SBR12:SBR0] = 0 DIVIDE BY 16 Tx BAUD RATE Rx SAMPLING CLOCK (16 × BAUD RATE) BAUD RATE = BUSCLK [SBR12:SBR0] × 16 Figure 14-12. SCI Baud Rate Generation SCI communications require the transmitter and receiver (which typically derive baud rates from independent clock sources) to use the same baud rate. Allowed tolerance on this baud frequency depends on the details of how the receiver synchronizes to the leading edge of the start bit and how bit sampling is performed. The MCU resynchronizes to bit boundaries on every high-to-low transition, but in the worst case, there are no such transitions in the full 10- or 11-bit time character frame so any mismatch in baud rate is accumulated for the whole character time. For a Freescale Semiconductor SCI system whose bus frequency is driven by a crystal, the allowed baud rate mismatch is about ±4.5 percent for 8-bit data format and about ±4 percent for 9-bit data format. Although baud rate modulo divider settings do not always produce baud rates that exactly match standard rates, it is normally possible to get within a few percent, which is acceptable for reliable communications. 14.3.2 Transmitter Functional Description This section describes the overall block diagram for the SCI transmitter, as well as specialized functions for sending break and idle characters. The transmitter block diagram is shown in Figure 14-2. The transmitter output (TxD) idle state defaults to logic high (TXINV = 0 following reset). The transmitter output is inverted by setting TXINV = 1. The transmitter is enabled by setting the TE bit in SCIxC2. This queues a preamble character that is one full character frame of the idle state. The transmitter then remains idle until data is available in the transmit data buffer. Programs store data into the transmit data buffer by writing to the SCI data register (SCIxD). The central element of the SCI transmitter is the transmit shift register that is either 10 or 11 bits long depending on the setting in the M control bit. For the remainder of this section, we will assume M = 0, selecting the normal 8-bit data mode. In 8-bit data mode, the shift register holds a start bit, eight data bits, and a stop bit. When the transmit shift register is available for a new SCI character, the value waiting in the transmit data register is transferred to the shift register (synchronized with the baud rate clock) and the transmit data register empty (TDRE) status flag is set to indicate another character may be written to the transmit data buffer at SCIxD. If no new character is waiting in the transmit data buffer after a stop bit is shifted out the TxD pin, the transmitter sets the transmit complete flag and enters an idle mode, with TxD high, waiting for more characters to transmit. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 214 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Writing 0 to TE does not immediately release the pin to be a general-purpose I/O pin. Any transmit activity that is in progress must first be completed. This includes data characters in progress, queued idle characters, and queued break characters. 14.3.2.1 Send Break and Queued Idle The SBK control bit in SCIxC2 is used to send break characters which were originally used to gain the attention of old teletype receivers. Break characters are a full character time of logic 0 (10 bit times including the start and stop bits). A longer break of 13 bit times can be enabled by setting BRK13 = 1. Normally, a program would wait for TDRE to become set to indicate the last character of a message has moved to the transmit shifter, then write 1 and then write 0 to the SBK bit. This action queues a break character to be sent as soon as the shifter is available. If SBK is still 1 when the queued break moves into the shifter (synchronized to the baud rate clock), an additional break character is queued. If the receiving device is another Freescale Semiconductor SCI, the break characters will be received as 0s in all eight data bits and a framing error (FE = 1) occurs. When idle-line wakeup is used, a full character time of idle (logic 1) is needed between messages to wake up any sleeping receivers. Normally, a program would wait for TDRE to become set to indicate the last character of a message has moved to the transmit shifter, then write 0 and then write 1 to the TE bit. This action queues an idle character to be sent as soon as the shifter is available. As long as the character in the shifter does not finish while TE = 0, the SCI transmitter never actually releases control of the TxD pin. If there is a possibility of the shifter finishing while TE = 0, set the general-purpose I/O controls so the pin that is shared with TxD is an output driving a logic 1. This ensures that the TxD line will look like a normal idle line even if the SCI loses control of the port pin between writing 0 and then 1 to TE. The length of the break character is affected by the BRK13 and M bits as shown below. Table 14-8. Break Character Length 14.3.3 BRK13 M Break Character Length 0 0 10 bit times 0 1 11 bit times 1 0 13 bit times 1 1 14 bit times Receiver Functional Description In this section, the receiver block diagram (Figure 14-3) is used as a guide for the overall receiver functional description. Next, the data sampling technique used to reconstruct receiver data is described in more detail. Finally, two variations of the receiver wakeup function are explained. The receiver input is inverted by setting RXINV = 1. The receiver is enabled by setting the RE bit in SCIxC2. Character frames consist of a start bit of logic 0, eight (or nine) data bits (LSB first), and a stop bit of logic 1. For information about 9-bit data mode, refer to Section 14.3.5.1, “8- and 9-Bit Data Modes.” For the remainder of this discussion, we assume the SCI is configured for normal 8-bit data mode. After receiving the stop bit into the receive shifter, and provided the receive data register is not already full, the data character is transferred to the receive data register and the receive data register full (RDRF) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 215 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) status flag is set. If RDRF was already set indicating the receive data register (buffer) was already full, the overrun (OR) status flag is set and the new data is lost. Because the SCI receiver is double-buffered, the program has one full character time after RDRF is set before the data in the receive data buffer must be read to avoid a receiver overrun. When a program detects that the receive data register is full (RDRF = 1), it gets the data from the receive data register by reading SCIxD. The RDRF flag is cleared automatically by a 2-step sequence which is normally satisfied in the course of the user’s program that handles receive data. Refer to Section 14.3.4, “Interrupts and Status Flags” for more details about flag clearing. 14.3.3.1 Data Sampling Technique The SCI receiver uses a 16× baud rate clock for sampling. The receiver starts by taking logic level samples at 16 times the baud rate to search for a falling edge on the RxD serial data input pin. A falling edge is defined as a logic 0 sample after three consecutive logic 1 samples. The 16× baud rate clock is used to divide the bit time into 16 segments labeled RT1 through RT16. When a falling edge is located, three more samples are taken at RT3, RT5, and RT7 to make sure this was a real start bit and not merely noise. If at least two of these three samples are 0, the receiver assumes it is synchronized to a receive character. The receiver then samples each bit time, including the start and stop bits, at RT8, RT9, and RT10 to determine the logic level for that bit. The logic level is interpreted to be that of the majority of the samples taken during the bit time. In the case of the start bit, the bit is assumed to be 0 if at least two of the samples at RT3, RT5, and RT7 are 0 even if one or all of the samples taken at RT8, RT9, and RT10 are 1s. If any sample in any bit time (including the start and stop bits) in a character frame fails to agree with the logic level for that bit, the noise flag (NF) will be set when the received character is transferred to the receive data buffer. The falling edge detection logic continuously looks for falling edges, and if an edge is detected, the sample clock is resynchronized to bit times. This improves the reliability of the receiver in the presence of noise or mismatched baud rates. It does not improve worst case analysis because some characters do not have any extra falling edges anywhere in the character frame. In the case of a framing error, provided the received character was not a break character, the sampling logic that searches for a falling edge is filled with three logic 1 samples so that a new start bit can be detected almost immediately. In the case of a framing error, the receiver is inhibited from receiving any new characters until the framing error flag is cleared. The receive shift register continues to function, but a complete character cannot transfer to the receive data buffer if FE is still set. 14.3.3.2 Receiver Wakeup Operation Receiver wakeup is a hardware mechanism that allows an SCI receiver to ignore the characters in a message that is intended for a different SCI receiver. In such a system, all receivers evaluate the first character(s) of each message, and as soon as they determine the message is intended for a different receiver, they write logic 1 to the receiver wake up (RWU) control bit in SCIxC2. When RWU bit is set, the status flags associated with the receiver (with the exception of the idle bit, IDLE, when RWUID bit is set) are inhibited from setting, thus eliminating the software overhead for handling the unimportant MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 216 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) message characters. At the end of a message, or at the beginning of the next message, all receivers automatically force RWU to 0 so all receivers wake up in time to look at the first character(s) of the next message. 14.3.3.2.1 Idle-Line Wakeup When WAKE = 0, the receiver is configured for idle-line wakeup. In this mode, RWU is cleared automatically when the receiver detects a full character time of the idle-line level. The M control bit selects 8-bit or 9-bit data mode that determines how many bit times of idle are needed to constitute a full character time (10 or 11 bit times because of the start and stop bits). When RWU is one and RWUID is zero, the idle condition that wakes up the receiver does not set the IDLE flag. The receiver wakes up and waits for the first data character of the next message which will set the RDRF flag and generate an interrupt if enabled. When RWUID is one, any idle condition sets the IDLE flag and generates an interrupt if enabled, regardless of whether RWU is zero or one. The idle-line type (ILT) control bit selects one of two ways to detect an idle line. When ILT = 0, the idle bit counter starts after the start bit so the stop bit and any logic 1s at the end of a character count toward the full character time of idle. When ILT = 1, the idle bit counter does not start until after a stop bit time, so the idle detection is not affected by the data in the last character of the previous message. 14.3.3.2.2 Address-Mark Wakeup When WAKE = 1, the receiver is configured for address-mark wakeup. In this mode, RWU is cleared automatically when the receiver detects a logic 1 in the most significant bit of a received character (eighth bit in M = 0 mode and ninth bit in M = 1 mode). Address-mark wakeup allows messages to contain idle characters but requires that the MSB be reserved for use in address frames. The logic 1 MSB of an address frame clears the RWU bit before the stop bit is received and sets the RDRF flag. In this case the character with the MSB set is received even though the receiver was sleeping during most of this character time. 14.3.4 Interrupts and Status Flags The SCI system has three separate interrupt vectors to reduce the amount of software needed to isolate the cause of the interrupt. One interrupt vector is associated with the transmitter for TDRE and TC events. Another interrupt vector is associated with the receiver for RDRF, IDLE, RXEDGIF and LBKDIF events, and a third vector is used for OR, NF, FE, and PF error conditions. Each of these ten interrupt sources can be separately masked by local interrupt enable masks. The flags can still be polled by software when the local masks are cleared to disable generation of hardware interrupt requests. The SCI transmitter has two status flags that optionally can generate hardware interrupt requests. Transmit data register empty (TDRE) indicates when there is room in the transmit data buffer to write another transmit character to SCIxD. If the transmit interrupt enable (TIE) bit is set, a hardware interrupt will be requested whenever TDRE = 1. Transmit complete (TC) indicates that the transmitter is finished transmitting all data, preamble, and break characters and is idle with TxD at the inactive level. This flag is often used in systems with modems to determine when it is safe to turn off the modem. If the transmit complete interrupt enable (TCIE) bit is set, a hardware interrupt will be requested whenever TC = 1. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 217 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) Instead of hardware interrupts, software polling may be used to monitor the TDRE and TC status flags if the corresponding TIE or TCIE local interrupt masks are 0s. When a program detects that the receive data register is full (RDRF = 1), it gets the data from the receive data register by reading SCIxD. The RDRF flag is cleared by reading SCIxS1 while RDRF = 1 and then reading SCIxD. When polling is used, this sequence is naturally satisfied in the normal course of the user program. If hardware interrupts are used, SCIxS1 must be read in the interrupt service routine (ISR). Normally, this is done in the ISR anyway to check for receive errors, so the sequence is automatically satisfied. The IDLE status flag includes logic that prevents it from getting set repeatedly when the RxD line remains idle for an extended period of time. IDLE is cleared by reading SCIxS1 while IDLE = 1 and then reading SCIxD. After IDLE has been cleared, it cannot become set again until the receiver has received at least one new character and has set RDRF. If the associated error was detected in the received character that caused RDRF to be set, the error flags — noise flag (NF), framing error (FE), and parity error flag (PF) — get set at the same time as RDRF. These flags are not set in overrun cases. If RDRF was already set when a new character is ready to be transferred from the receive shifter to the receive data buffer, the overrun (OR) flag gets set instead the data along with any associated NF, FE, or PF condition is lost. At any time, an active edge on the RxD serial data input pin causes the RXEDGIF flag to set. The RXEDGIF flag is cleared by writing a “1” to it. This function does depend on the receiver being enabled (RE = 1). 14.3.5 Additional SCI Functions The following sections describe additional SCI functions. 14.3.5.1 8- and 9-Bit Data Modes The SCI system (transmitter and receiver) can be configured to operate in 9-bit data mode by setting the M control bit in SCIxC1. In 9-bit mode, there is a ninth data bit to the left of the MSB of the SCI data register. For the transmit data buffer, this bit is stored in T8 in SCIxC3. For the receiver, the ninth bit is held in R8 in SCIxC3. For coherent writes to the transmit data buffer, write to the T8 bit before writing to SCIxD. If the bit value to be transmitted as the ninth bit of a new character is the same as for the previous character, it is not necessary to write to T8 again. When data is transferred from the transmit data buffer to the transmit shifter, the value in T8 is copied at the same time data is transferred from SCIxD to the shifter. 9-bit data mode typically is used in conjunction with parity to allow eight bits of data plus the parity in the ninth bit. Or it is used with address-mark wakeup so the ninth data bit can serve as the wakeup bit. In custom protocols, the ninth bit can also serve as a software-controlled marker. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 218 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) 14.3.5.2 Stop Mode Operation During all stop modes, clocks to the SCI module are halted. In stop1 and stop2 modes, all SCI register data is lost and must be re-initialized upon recovery from these two stop modes. No SCI module registers are affected in stop3 mode. The receive input active edge detect circuit is still active in stop3 mode, but not in stop2. . An active edge on the receive input brings the CPU out of stop3 mode if the interrupt is not masked (RXEDGIE = 1). Note, because the clocks are halted, the SCI module will resume operation upon exit from stop (only in stop3 mode). Software should ensure stop mode is not entered while there is a character being transmitted out of or received into the SCI module. 14.3.5.3 Loop Mode When LOOPS = 1, the RSRC bit in the same register chooses between loop mode (RSRC = 0) or single-wire mode (RSRC = 1). Loop mode is sometimes used to check software, independent of connections in the external system, to help isolate system problems. In this mode, the transmitter output is internally connected to the receiver input and the RxD pin is not used by the SCI, so it reverts to a general-purpose port I/O pin. 14.3.5.4 Single-Wire Operation When LOOPS = 1, the RSRC bit in the same register chooses between loop mode (RSRC = 0) or single-wire mode (RSRC = 1). Single-wire mode is used to implement a half-duplex serial connection. The receiver is internally connected to the transmitter output and to the TxD pin. The RxD pin is not used and reverts to a general-purpose port I/O pin. In single-wire mode, the TXDIR bit in SCIxC3 controls the direction of serial data on the TxD pin. When TXDIR = 0, the TxD pin is an input to the SCI receiver and the transmitter is temporarily disconnected from the TxD pin so an external device can send serial data to the receiver. When TXDIR = 1, the TxD pin is an output driven by the transmitter. In single-wire mode, the internal loop back connection from the transmitter to the receiver causes the receiver to receive characters that are sent out by the transmitter. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 219 Chapter 14 Serial Communications Interface (S08SCIV4) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 220 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) 15.1 Introduction The serial peripheral interface (SPI) module provides for full-duplex, synchronous, serial communication between the MCU and peripheral devices. These peripheral devices can include other microcontrollers, analog-to-digital converters, shift registers, sensors, memories, and so forth. The SPI runs at a baud rate up to that of the bus clock divided by two in master mode and bus clock divided by four in slave mode. The SPI operation can be interrupt driven or software can poll the status flags. All devices in the MC9S08SH32 Series MCUs contain one SPI module, as shown in the following block diagram. Figure 15-1 shows the MC9S08SH32 Series block diagram with the SPI modules highlighted. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 221 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) TCLK 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) SDA VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDDA/VREFH VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VDD PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ SS MISO MOSI SPSCK PORT B CPU COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 15-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting SPI Block and Pin MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 222 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) 15.1.1 Features Features of the SPI module include: • Master or slave mode operation • Full-duplex or single-wire bidirectional option • Programmable transmit bit rate • Double-buffered transmit and receive • Serial clock phase and polarity options • Slave select output • Selectable MSB-first or LSB-first shifting 15.1.2 Block Diagrams This section includes block diagrams showing SPI system connections, the internal organization of the SPI module, and the SPI clock dividers that control the master mode bit rate. 15.1.2.1 SPI System Block Diagram Figure 15-2 shows the SPI modules of two MCUs connected in a master-slave arrangement. The master device initiates all SPI data transfers. During a transfer, the master shifts data out (on the MOSI pin) to the slave while simultaneously shifting data in (on the MISO pin) from the slave. The transfer effectively exchanges the data that was in the SPI shift registers of the two SPI systems. The SPSCK signal is a clock output from the master and an input to the slave. The slave device must be selected by a low level on the slave select input (SS pin). In this system, the master device has configured its SS pin as an optional slave select output. SLAVE MASTER MOSI MOSI SPI SHIFTER 7 6 5 4 3 2 SPI SHIFTER 1 0 MISO SPSCK CLOCK GENERATOR SS MISO 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPSCK SS Figure 15-2. SPI System Connections MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 223 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) The most common uses of the SPI system include connecting simple shift registers for adding input or output ports or connecting small peripheral devices such as serial A/D or D/A converters. Although Figure 15-2 shows a system where data is exchanged between two MCUs, many practical systems involve simpler connections where data is unidirectionally transferred from the master MCU to a slave or from a slave to the master MCU. 15.1.2.2 SPI Module Block Diagram Figure 15-3 is a block diagram of the SPI module. The central element of the SPI is the SPI shift register. Data is written to the double-buffered transmitter (write to SPIxD) and gets transferred to the SPI shift register at the start of a data transfer. After shifting in a byte of data, the data is transferred into the double-buffered receiver where it can be read (read from SPIxD). Pin multiplexing logic controls connections between MCU pins and the SPI module. When the SPI is configured as a master, the clock output is routed to the SPSCK pin, the shifter output is routed to MOSI, and the shifter input is routed from the MISO pin. When the SPI is configured as a slave, the SPSCK pin is routed to the clock input of the SPI, the shifter output is routed to MISO, and the shifter input is routed from the MOSI pin. In the external SPI system, simply connect all SPSCK pins to each other, all MISO pins together, and all MOSI pins together. Peripheral devices often use slightly different names for these pins. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 224 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) PIN CONTROL M SPE MOSI (MOMI) S Tx BUFFER (WRITE SPIxD) ENABLE SPI SYSTEM M SHIFT OUT SPI SHIFT REGISTER SHIFT IN MISO (SISO) S SPC0 Rx BUFFER (READ SPIxD) BIDIROE SHIFT DIRECTION LSBFE SHIFT CLOCK Rx BUFFER FULL Tx BUFFER EMPTY MASTER CLOCK BUS RATE CLOCK SPIBR CLOCK GENERATOR MSTR CLOCK LOGIC SLAVE CLOCK MASTER/SLAVE M SPSCK S MASTER/ SLAVE MODE SELECT MODFEN SSOE MODE FAULT DETECTION SPRF SS SPTEF SPTIE MODF SPIE SPI INTERRUPT REQUEST Figure 15-3. SPI Module Block Diagram 15.1.3 SPI Baud Rate Generation As shown in Figure 15-4, the clock source for the SPI baud rate generator is the bus clock. The three prescale bits (SPPR2:SPPR1:SPPR0) choose a prescale divisor of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8. The three rate select bits (SPR2:SPR1:SPR0) divide the output of the prescaler stage by 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 to get the internal SPI master mode bit-rate clock. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 225 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) BUS CLOCK PRESCALER CLOCK RATE DIVIDER DIVIDE BY 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 DIVIDE BY 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 SPPR2:SPPR1:SPPR0 SPR2:SPR1:SPR0 MASTER SPI BIT RATE Figure 15-4. SPI Baud Rate Generation 15.2 External Signal Description The SPI optionally shares four port pins. The function of these pins depends on the settings of SPI control bits. When the SPI is disabled (SPE = 0), these four pins revert to being general-purpose port I/O pins that are not controlled by the SPI. 15.2.1 SPSCK — SPI Serial Clock When the SPI is enabled as a slave, this pin is the serial clock input. When the SPI is enabled as a master, this pin is the serial clock output. 15.2.2 MOSI — Master Data Out, Slave Data In When the SPI is enabled as a master and SPI pin control zero (SPC0) is 0 (not bidirectional mode), this pin is the serial data output. When the SPI is enabled as a slave and SPC0 = 0, this pin is the serial data input. If SPC0 = 1 to select single-wire bidirectional mode, and master mode is selected, this pin becomes the bidirectional data I/O pin (MOMI). Also, the bidirectional mode output enable bit determines whether the pin acts as an input (BIDIROE = 0) or an output (BIDIROE = 1). If SPC0 = 1 and slave mode is selected, this pin is not used by the SPI and reverts to being a general-purpose port I/O pin. 15.2.3 MISO — Master Data In, Slave Data Out When the SPI is enabled as a master and SPI pin control zero (SPC0) is 0 (not bidirectional mode), this pin is the serial data input. When the SPI is enabled as a slave and SPC0 = 0, this pin is the serial data output. If SPC0 = 1 to select single-wire bidirectional mode, and slave mode is selected, this pin becomes the bidirectional data I/O pin (SISO) and the bidirectional mode output enable bit determines whether the pin acts as an input (BIDIROE = 0) or an output (BIDIROE = 1). If SPC0 = 1 and master mode is selected, this pin is not used by the SPI and reverts to being a general-purpose port I/O pin. 15.2.4 SS — Slave Select When the SPI is enabled as a slave, this pin is the low-true slave select input. When the SPI is enabled as a master and mode fault enable is off (MODFEN = 0), this pin is not used by the SPI and reverts to being a general-purpose port I/O pin. When the SPI is enabled as a master and MODFEN = 1, the slave select output enable bit determines whether this pin acts as the mode fault input (SSOE = 0) or as the slave select output (SSOE = 1). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 226 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) 15.3 Modes of Operation 15.3.1 SPI in Stop Modes The SPI is disabled in all stop modes, regardless of the settings before executing the STOP instruction. During either stop1 or stop2 mode, the SPI module will be fully powered down. Upon wake-up from stop1 or stop2 mode, the SPI module will be in the reset state. During stop3 mode, clocks to the SPI module are halted. No registers are affected. If stop3 is exited with a reset, the SPI will be put into its reset state. If stop3 is exited with an interrupt, the SPI continues from the state it was in when stop3 was entered. 15.4 Register Definition The SPI has five 8-bit registers to select SPI options, control baud rate, report SPI status, and for transmit/receive data. Refer to the direct-page register summary in the Memory chapter of this data sheet for the absolute address assignments for all SPI registers. This section refers to registers and control bits only by their names, and a Freescale-provided equate or header file is used to translate these names into the appropriate absolute addresses. 15.4.1 SPI Control Register 1 (SPIxC1) This read/write register includes the SPI enable control, interrupt enables, and configuration options. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPIE SPE SPTIE MSTR CPOL CPHA SSOE LSBFE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 R W Reset Figure 15-5. SPI Control Register 1 (SPIxC1) Table 15-1. SPIxC1 Field Descriptions Field Description 7 SPIE SPI Interrupt Enable (for SPRF and MODF) — This is the interrupt enable for SPI receive buffer full (SPRF) and mode fault (MODF) events. 0 Interrupts from SPRF and MODF inhibited (use polling) 1 When SPRF or MODF is 1, request a hardware interrupt 6 SPE SPI System Enable — Disabling the SPI halts any transfer that is in progress, clears data buffers, and initializes internal state machines. SPRF is cleared and SPTEF is set to indicate the SPI transmit data buffer is empty. 0 SPI system inactive 1 SPI system enabled 5 SPTIE SPI Transmit Interrupt Enable — This is the interrupt enable bit for SPI transmit buffer empty (SPTEF). 0 Interrupts from SPTEF inhibited (use polling) 1 When SPTEF is 1, hardware interrupt requested MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 227 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) Table 15-1. SPIxC1 Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 4 MSTR Master/Slave Mode Select 0 SPI module configured as a slave SPI device 1 SPI module configured as a master SPI device 3 CPOL Clock Polarity — This bit effectively places an inverter in series with the clock signal from a master SPI or to a slave SPI device. Refer to Section 15.5.1, “SPI Clock Formats” for more details. 0 Active-high SPI clock (idles low) 1 Active-low SPI clock (idles high) 2 CPHA Clock Phase — This bit selects one of two clock formats for different kinds of synchronous serial peripheral devices. Refer to Section 15.5.1, “SPI Clock Formats” for more details. 0 First edge on SPSCK occurs at the middle of the first cycle of an 8-cycle data transfer 1 First edge on SPSCK occurs at the start of the first cycle of an 8-cycle data transfer 1 SSOE Slave Select Output Enable — This bit is used in combination with the mode fault enable (MODFEN) bit in SPCR2 and the master/slave (MSTR) control bit to determine the function of the SS pin as shown in Table 15-2. 0 LSBFE LSB First (Shifter Direction) 0 SPI serial data transfers start with most significant bit 1 SPI serial data transfers start with least significant bit Table 15-2. SS Pin Function MODFEN SSOE Master Mode Slave Mode 0 0 General-purpose I/O (not SPI) Slave select input 0 1 General-purpose I/O (not SPI) Slave select input 1 0 SS input for mode fault Slave select input 1 1 Automatic SS output Slave select input NOTE Ensure that the SPI should not be disabled (SPE=0) at the same time as a bit change to the CPHA bit. These changes should be performed as separate operations or unexpected behavior may occur. 15.4.2 SPI Control Register 2 (SPIxC2) This read/write register is used to control optional features of the SPI system. Bits 7, 6, 5, and 2 are not implemented and always read 0. R 7 6 5 0 0 0 4 3 MODFEN BIDIROE 0 0 2 1 0 SPISWAI SPC0 0 0 0 W Reset 0 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 15-6. SPI Control Register 2 (SPIxC2) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 228 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) Table 15-3. SPIxC2 Register Field Descriptions Field Description 4 MODFEN Master Mode-Fault Function Enable — When the SPI is configured for slave mode, this bit has no meaning or effect. (The SS pin is the slave select input.) In master mode, this bit determines how the SS pin is used (refer to Table 15-2 for more details). 0 Mode fault function disabled, master SS pin reverts to general-purpose I/O not controlled by SPI 1 Mode fault function enabled, master SS pin acts as the mode fault input or the slave select output 3 BIDIROE Bidirectional Mode Output Enable — When bidirectional mode is enabled by SPI pin control 0 (SPC0) = 1, BIDIROE determines whether the SPI data output driver is enabled to the single bidirectional SPI I/O pin. Depending on whether the SPI is configured as a master or a slave, it uses either the MOSI (MOMI) or MISO (SISO) pin, respectively, as the single SPI data I/O pin. When SPC0 = 0, BIDIROE has no meaning or effect. 0 Output driver disabled so SPI data I/O pin acts as an input 1 SPI I/O pin enabled as an output 1 SPISWAI SPI Stop in Wait Mode 0 SPI clocks continue to operate in wait mode 1 SPI clocks stop when the MCU enters wait mode 0 SPC0 15.4.3 SPI Pin Control 0 — The SPC0 bit chooses single-wire bidirectional mode. If MSTR = 0 (slave mode), the SPI uses the MISO (SISO) pin for bidirectional SPI data transfers. If MSTR = 1 (master mode), the SPI uses the MOSI (MOMI) pin for bidirectional SPI data transfers. When SPC0 = 1, BIDIROE is used to enable or disable the output driver for the single bidirectional SPI I/O pin. 0 SPI uses separate pins for data input and data output 1 SPI configured for single-wire bidirectional operation SPI Baud Rate Register (SPIxBR) This register is used to set the prescaler and bit rate divisor for an SPI master. This register may be read or written at any time. 7 R 6 5 4 3 SPPR2 SPPR1 SPPR0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 SPR2 SPR1 SPR0 0 0 0 0 W Reset 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 15-7. SPI Baud Rate Register (SPIxBR) Table 15-4. SPIxBR Register Field Descriptions Field Description 6:4 SPPR[2:0] SPI Baud Rate Prescale Divisor — This 3-bit field selects one of eight divisors for the SPI baud rate prescaler as shown in Table 15-5. The input to this prescaler is the bus rate clock (BUSCLK). The output of this prescaler drives the input of the SPI baud rate divider (see Figure 15-4). 2:0 SPR[2:0] SPI Baud Rate Divisor — This 3-bit field selects one of eight divisors for the SPI baud rate divider as shown in Table 15-6. The input to this divider comes from the SPI baud rate prescaler (see Figure 15-4). The output of this divider is the SPI bit rate clock for master mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 229 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) Table 15-5. SPI Baud Rate Prescaler Divisor SPPR2:SPPR1:SPPR0 Prescaler Divisor 0:0:0 1 0:0:1 2 0:1:0 3 0:1:1 4 1:0:0 5 1:0:1 6 1:1:0 7 1:1:1 8 Table 15-6. SPI Baud Rate Divisor 15.4.4 SPR2:SPR1:SPR0 Rate Divisor 0:0:0 2 0:0:1 4 0:1:0 8 0:1:1 16 1:0:0 32 1:0:1 64 1:1:0 128 1:1:1 256 SPI Status Register (SPIxS) This register has three read-only status bits. Bits 6, 3, 2, 1, and 0 are not implemented and always read 0. Writes have no meaning or effect. R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 SPRF 0 SPTEF MODF 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 W Reset = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 15-8. SPI Status Register (SPIxS) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 230 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) Table 15-7. SPIxS Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7 SPRF SPI Read Buffer Full Flag — SPRF is set at the completion of an SPI transfer to indicate that received data may be read from the SPI data register (SPIxD). SPRF is cleared by reading SPRF while it is set, then reading the SPI data register. 0 No data available in the receive data buffer 1 Data available in the receive data buffer 5 SPTEF SPI Transmit Buffer Empty Flag — This bit is set when there is room in the transmit data buffer. It is cleared by reading SPIxS with SPTEF set, followed by writing a data value to the transmit buffer at SPIxD. SPIxS must be read with SPTEF = 1 before writing data to SPIxD or the SPIxD write will be ignored. SPTEF generates an SPTEF CPU interrupt request if the SPTIE bit in the SPIxC1 is also set. SPTEF is automatically set when a data byte transfers from the transmit buffer into the transmit shift register. For an idle SPI (no data in the transmit buffer or the shift register and no transfer in progress), data written to SPIxD is transferred to the shifter almost immediately so SPTEF is set within two bus cycles allowing a second 8-bit data value to be queued into the transmit buffer. After completion of the transfer of the value in the shift register, the queued value from the transmit buffer will automatically move to the shifter and SPTEF will be set to indicate there is room for new data in the transmit buffer. If no new data is waiting in the transmit buffer, SPTEF simply remains set and no data moves from the buffer to the shifter. 0 SPI transmit buffer not empty 1 SPI transmit buffer empty 4 MODF Master Mode Fault Flag — MODF is set if the SPI is configured as a master and the slave select input goes low, indicating some other SPI device is also configured as a master. The SS pin acts as a mode fault error input only when MSTR = 1, MODFEN = 1, and SSOE = 0; otherwise, MODF will never be set. MODF is cleared by reading MODF while it is 1, then writing to SPI control register 1 (SPIxC1). 0 No mode fault error 1 Mode fault error detected 15.4.5 SPI Data Register (SPIxD) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 15-9. SPI Data Register (SPIxD) Reads of this register return the data read from the receive data buffer. Writes to this register write data to the transmit data buffer. When the SPI is configured as a master, writing data to the transmit data buffer initiates an SPI transfer. Data should not be written to the transmit data buffer unless the SPI transmit buffer empty flag (SPTEF) is set, indicating there is room in the transmit buffer to queue a new transmit byte. Data may be read from SPIxD any time after SPRF is set and before another transfer is finished. Failure to read the data out of the receive data buffer before a new transfer ends causes a receive overrun condition and the data from the new transfer is lost. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 231 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) 15.5 Functional Description An SPI transfer is initiated by checking for the SPI transmit buffer empty flag (SPTEF = 1) and then writing a byte of data to the SPI data register (SPIxD) in the master SPI device. When the SPI shift register is available, this byte of data is moved from the transmit data buffer to the shifter, SPTEF is set to indicate there is room in the buffer to queue another transmit character if desired, and the SPI serial transfer starts. During the SPI transfer, data is sampled (read) on the MISO pin at one SPSCK edge and shifted, changing the bit value on the MOSI pin, one-half SPSCK cycle later. After eight SPSCK cycles, the data that was in the shift register of the master has been shifted out the MOSI pin to the slave while eight bits of data were shifted in the MISO pin into the master’s shift register. At the end of this transfer, the received data byte is moved from the shifter into the receive data buffer and SPRF is set to indicate the data can be read by reading SPIxD. If another byte of data is waiting in the transmit buffer at the end of a transfer, it is moved into the shifter, SPTEF is set, and a new transfer is started. Normally, SPI data is transferred most significant bit (MSB) first. If the least significant bit first enable (LSBFE) bit is set, SPI data is shifted LSB first. When the SPI is configured as a slave, its SS pin must be driven low before a transfer starts and SS must stay low throughout the transfer. If a clock format where CPHA = 0 is selected, SS must be driven to a logic 1 between successive transfers. If CPHA = 1, SS may remain low between successive transfers. See Section 15.5.1, “SPI Clock Formats” for more details. Because the transmitter and receiver are double buffered, a second byte, in addition to the byte currently being shifted out, can be queued into the transmit data buffer, and a previously received character can be in the receive data buffer while a new character is being shifted in. The SPTEF flag indicates when the transmit buffer has room for a new character. The SPRF flag indicates when a received character is available in the receive data buffer. The received character must be read out of the receive buffer (read SPIxD) before the next transfer is finished or a receive overrun error results. In the case of a receive overrun, the new data is lost because the receive buffer still held the previous character and was not ready to accept the new data. There is no indication for such an overrun condition so the application system designer must ensure that previous data has been read from the receive buffer before a new transfer is initiated. 15.5.1 SPI Clock Formats To accommodate a wide variety of synchronous serial peripherals from different manufacturers, the SPI system has a clock polarity (CPOL) bit and a clock phase (CPHA) control bit to select one of four clock formats for data transfers. CPOL selectively inserts an inverter in series with the clock. CPHA chooses between two different clock phase relationships between the clock and data. Figure 15-10 shows the clock formats when CPHA = 1. At the top of the figure, the eight bit times are shown for reference with bit 1 starting at the first SPSCK edge and bit 8 ending one-half SPSCK cycle after the sixteenth SPSCK edge. The MSB first and LSB first lines show the order of SPI data bits depending on the setting in LSBFE. Both variations of SPSCK polarity are shown, but only one of these waveforms applies for a specific transfer, depending on the value in CPOL. The SAMPLE IN waveform applies to the MOSI input of a slave or the MISO input of a master. The MOSI waveform applies to the MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 232 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) MOSI output pin from a master and the MISO waveform applies to the MISO output from a slave. The SS OUT waveform applies to the slave select output from a master (provided MODFEN and SSOE = 1). The master SS output goes to active low one-half SPSCK cycle before the start of the transfer and goes back high at the end of the eighth bit time of the transfer. The SS IN waveform applies to the slave select input of a slave. BIT TIME # (REFERENCE) 1 2 ... 6 7 8 BIT 7 BIT 0 BIT 6 BIT 1 ... ... BIT 2 BIT 5 BIT 1 BIT 6 BIT 0 BIT 7 SPSCK (CPOL = 0) SPSCK (CPOL = 1) SAMPLE IN (MISO OR MOSI) MOSI (MASTER OUT) MSB FIRST LSB FIRST MISO (SLAVE OUT) SS OUT (MASTER) SS IN (SLAVE) Figure 15-10. SPI Clock Formats (CPHA = 1) When CPHA = 1, the slave begins to drive its MISO output when SS goes to active low, but the data is not defined until the first SPSCK edge. The first SPSCK edge shifts the first bit of data from the shifter onto the MOSI output of the master and the MISO output of the slave. The next SPSCK edge causes both the master and the slave to sample the data bit values on their MISO and MOSI inputs, respectively. At the third SPSCK edge, the SPI shifter shifts one bit position which shifts in the bit value that was just sampled, and shifts the second data bit value out the other end of the shifter to the MOSI and MISO outputs of the master and slave, respectively. When CHPA = 1, the slave’s SS input is not required to go to its inactive high level between transfers. Figure 15-11 shows the clock formats when CPHA = 0. At the top of the figure, the eight bit times are shown for reference with bit 1 starting as the slave is selected (SS IN goes low), and bit 8 ends at the last SPSCK edge. The MSB first and LSB first lines show the order of SPI data bits depending on the setting MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 233 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) in LSBFE. Both variations of SPSCK polarity are shown, but only one of these waveforms applies for a specific transfer, depending on the value in CPOL. The SAMPLE IN waveform applies to the MOSI input of a slave or the MISO input of a master. The MOSI waveform applies to the MOSI output pin from a master and the MISO waveform applies to the MISO output from a slave. The SS OUT waveform applies to the slave select output from a master (provided MODFEN and SSOE = 1). The master SS output goes to active low at the start of the first bit time of the transfer and goes back high one-half SPSCK cycle after the end of the eighth bit time of the transfer. The SS IN waveform applies to the slave select input of a slave. BIT TIME # (REFERENCE) 1 2 BIT 7 BIT 0 BIT 6 BIT 1 ... 6 7 8 BIT 2 BIT 5 BIT 1 BIT 6 BIT 0 BIT 7 SPSCK (CPOL = 0) SPSCK (CPOL = 1) SAMPLE IN (MISO OR MOSI) MOSI (MASTER OUT) MSB FIRST LSB FIRST ... ... MISO (SLAVE OUT) SS OUT (MASTER) SS IN (SLAVE) Figure 15-11. SPI Clock Formats (CPHA = 0) When CPHA = 0, the slave begins to drive its MISO output with the first data bit value (MSB or LSB depending on LSBFE) when SS goes to active low. The first SPSCK edge causes both the master and the slave to sample the data bit values on their MISO and MOSI inputs, respectively. At the second SPSCK edge, the SPI shifter shifts one bit position which shifts in the bit value that was just sampled and shifts the second data bit value out the other end of the shifter to the MOSI and MISO outputs of the master and slave, respectively. When CPHA = 0, the slave’s SS input must go to its inactive high level between transfers. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 234 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) 15.5.2 SPI Interrupts There are three flag bits, two interrupt mask bits, and one interrupt vector associated with the SPI system. The SPI interrupt enable mask (SPIE) enables interrupts from the SPI receiver full flag (SPRF) and mode fault flag (MODF). The SPI transmit interrupt enable mask (SPTIE) enables interrupts from the SPI transmit buffer empty flag (SPTEF). When one of the flag bits is set, and the associated interrupt mask bit is set, a hardware interrupt request is sent to the CPU. If the interrupt mask bits are cleared, software can poll the associated flag bits instead of using interrupts. The SPI interrupt service routine (ISR) should check the flag bits to determine what event caused the interrupt. The service routine should also clear the flag bit(s) before returning from the ISR (usually near the beginning of the ISR). 15.5.3 Mode Fault Detection A mode fault occurs and the mode fault flag (MODF) becomes set when a master SPI device detects an error on the SS pin (provided the SS pin is configured as the mode fault input signal). The SS pin is configured to be the mode fault input signal when MSTR = 1, mode fault enable is set (MODFEN = 1), and slave select output enable is clear (SSOE = 0). The mode fault detection feature can be used in a system where more than one SPI device might become a master at the same time. The error is detected when a master’s SS pin is low, indicating that some other SPI device is trying to address this master as if it were a slave. This could indicate a harmful output driver conflict, so the mode fault logic is designed to disable all SPI output drivers when such an error is detected. When a mode fault is detected, MODF is set and MSTR is cleared to change the SPI configuration back to slave mode. The output drivers on the SPSCK, MOSI, and MISO (if not bidirectional mode) are disabled. MODF is cleared by reading it while it is set, then writing to the SPI control register 1 (SPIxC1). User software should verify the error condition has been corrected before changing the SPI back to master mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 235 Chapter 15 Serial Peripheral Interface (S08SPIV3) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 236 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer Pulse-Width Modulator (S08TPMV3) 16.1 Introduction The TPM uses one input/output (I/O) pin per channel, TPMxCHn where x is the TPM number (for example, 1 or 2) and n is the channel number (for example, 0–1). The TPM shares its I/O pins with general-purpose I/O port pins (refer to the Pins and Connections chapter for more information). All MC9S08SH32 Series MCUs have two TPM modules. Figure 16-1 shows the MC9S08SH32 Series block diagram with the TPM modules highlighted. 16.1.1 TPM Configuration Information The external clock for the MTIM module, TCLK, is selected by setting CLKS = 1:1 or 1:0 in MTIMCLK, which selects the TCLK pin input. The TCLK input can be enabled as external clock inputs to both the MTIM and TPM modules simultaneously. . 16.1.2 TPM Pin Repositioning The TPM modules pins, TPM1CHx and TPM2CHx can be repositioned under software control using TxCHnPS bits in SOPT2 as shown in Table 16-1. Table 16-1. TPM Position Options TxCHxPS in SOPT2 Port Pin for TPM2CH1 Port Pin for TPM2CH0 Port Pin for TPM1CH1 Port Pin for TPM1CH0 0 (default) PTB4 PTA1 PTB5 PTA0 1 PTA7 PTA6 PTC1 PTC0 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 237 Chapter 16 Timer Pulse-Width Modulator (S08TPMV3) BKGD/MS HCS08 CORE DEBUG MODULE (DBG) PTA6/TPM2CH0 HCS08 SYSTEM CONTROL RESETS AND INTERRUPTS MODES OF OPERATION POWER MANAGEMENT IRQ SCL IRQ IIC MODULE (IIC) LVD SERIAL PERIPHERAL INTERFACE MODULE (SPI) USER FLASH (MC9S08SH32 = 32,768 BYTES) (MC9S08SH16 = 16,384 BYTES) SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS INTERFACE MODULE (SCI) USER RAM (MC9S08SH32/16 = 1024 BYTES) 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM1) REAL-TIME COUNTER (RTC) 40-MHz INTERNAL CLOCK SOURCE (ICS) LOW-POWER OSCILLATOR 31.25 kHz to 38.4 kHz 1 MHz to 16 MHz (XOSC) TCLK 16-BIT TIMER/PWM MODULE (TPM2) EXTAL XTAL ANALOG COMPARATOR (ACMP) PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET PORT A 8-BIT MODULO TIMER MODULE (MTIM) SDA VSSA/VREFL VDDA VSSA PTA2/PIA2/SD/ADP2 PTB7/SCL/EXTAL PTB6/SDA/XTAL TCLK TPM1CH0 PTB4/TPM2CH1/MISO PTB3/PIB3/MOSI/ADP7 TPM1CH1 PTB5/TPM1CH1/SS PTB2/PIB2/SPSCK/ADP6 PTB1/PIB1/TxD/ADP5 TCLK TPM2CH0 PTB0/PIB0/RxD/ADP4 TPM2CH1 ACMPO ACMP– ACMP+ PTC7/ADP15 PTC6/ADP14 PTC5/ADP13 10-BIT ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (ADC) ADP15-ADP0 PORT C VDDA/VREFH VOLTAGE REGULATOR PTA3/PIA3/SCL/ADP3 RxD TxD VSS VDD PTA4/ACMPO/BKGD/MS PTA1/PIA1/TPM2CH0/ADP1/ACMP– PTA0/PIA0/TPM1CH0/ADP0/ACMP+ SS MISO MOSI SPSCK PORT B CPU COP PTA7/TPM2CH1 BDC PTC4/ADP12 PTC3/ADP11 PTC2/ADP10 PTC1/TPM1CH1/ADP9 VREFH VREFL PTC0/TPM1CH0/ADP8 = Pin can be enabled as part of the ganged output drive feature NOTE: - PTC7-PTC0 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 16--pin Packages - PTC7-PTC4 and PTA7-PTA6 not available on 20-pin Packages - For the 16-pin and 20-pin packages: VDDA/VREFH and VSSA/VREFL , are double bonded to VDD and VSS respectively. - When PTA4 is configured as BKGD, pin becomes bi-directional. Figure 16-1. MC9S08SH32 Series Block Diagram Highlighting TPM Block and Pins MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 238 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) 16.1.3 Features The TPM includes these distinctive features: • One to eight channels: — Each channel may be input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned PWM — Rising-Edge, falling-edge, or any-edge input capture trigger — Set, clear, or toggle output compare action — Selectable polarity on PWM outputs • Module may be configured for buffered, center-aligned pulse-width-modulation (CPWM) on all channels • Timer clock source selectable as prescaled bus clock, fixed system clock, or an external clock pin — Prescale taps for divide-by 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or 128 — Fixed system clock source are synchronized to the bus clock by an on-chip synchronization circuit — External clock pin may be shared with any timer channel pin or a separated input pin • 16-bit free-running or modulo up/down count operation • Timer system enable • One interrupt per channel plus terminal count interrupt 16.1.4 Modes of Operation In general, TPM channels may be independently configured to operate in input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned PWM modes. A control bit allows the whole TPM (all channels) to switch to center-aligned PWM mode. When center-aligned PWM mode is selected, input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM functions are not available on any channels of this TPM module. When the microcontroller is in active BDM background or BDM foreground mode, the TPM temporarily suspends all counting until the microcontroller returns to normal user operating mode. During stop mode, all system clocks, including the main oscillator, are stopped; therefore, the TPM is effectively disabled until clocks resume. During wait mode, the TPM continues to operate normally. Provided the TPM does not need to produce a real time reference or provide the interrupt source(s) needed to wake the MCU from wait mode, the user can save power by disabling TPM functions before entering wait mode. • Input capture mode When a selected edge event occurs on the associated MCU pin, the current value of the 16-bit timer counter is captured into the channel value register and an interrupt flag bit is set. Rising edges, falling edges, any edge, or no edge (disable channel) may be selected as the active edge which triggers the input capture. • Output compare mode When the value in the timer counter register matches the channel value register, an interrupt flag bit is set, and a selected output action is forced on the associated MCU pin. The output compare action may be selected to force the pin to zero, force the pin to one, toggle the pin, or ignore the pin (used for software timing functions). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 239 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) • • Edge-aligned PWM mode The value of a 16-bit modulo register plus 1 sets the period of the PWM output signal. The channel value register sets the duty cycle of the PWM output signal. The user may also choose the polarity of the PWM output signal. Interrupts are available at the end of the period and at the duty-cycle transition point. This type of PWM signal is called edge-aligned because the leading edges of all PWM signals are aligned with the beginning of the period, which is the same for all channels within a TPM. Center-aligned PWM mode Twice the value of a 16-bit modulo register sets the period of the PWM output, and the channel-value register sets the half-duty-cycle duration. The timer counter counts up until it reaches the modulo value and then counts down until it reaches zero. As the count matches the channel value register while counting down, the PWM output becomes active. When the count matches the channel value register while counting up, the PWM output becomes inactive. This type of PWM signal is called center-aligned because the centers of the active duty cycle periods for all channels are aligned with a count value of zero. This type of PWM is required for types of motors used in small appliances. This is a high-level description only. Detailed descriptions of operating modes are in later sections. 16.1.5 Block Diagram The TPM uses one input/output (I/O) pin per channel, TPMxCHn (timer channel n) where n is the channel number (1-8). The TPM shares its I/O pins with general purpose I/O port pins (refer to I/O pin descriptions in full-chip specification for the specific chip implementation). Figure 16-2 shows the TPM structure. The central component of the TPM is the 16-bit counter that can operate as a free-running counter or a modulo up/down counter. The TPM counter (when operating in normal up-counting mode) provides the timing reference for the input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM functions. The timer counter modulo registers, TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL, control the modulo value of the counter (the values 0x0000 or 0xFFFF effectively make the counter free running). Software can read the counter value at any time without affecting the counting sequence. Any write to either half of the TPMxCNT counter resets the counter, regardless of the data value written. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 240 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) BUS CLOCK FIXED SYSTEM CLOCK SYNC EXTERNAL CLOCK CLOCK SOURCE SELECT OFF, BUS, FIXED SYSTEM CLOCK, EXT PRESCALE AND SELECT ³1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, or ³128 CLKSB:CLKSA PS2:PS1:PS0 CPWMS 16-BIT COUNTER TOF COUNTER RESET TOIE INTERRUPT LOGIC 16-BIT COMPARATOR TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL CHANNEL 0 ELS0B ELS0A PORT LOGIC TPMxCH0 16-BIT COMPARATOR CH0F TPMxC0VH:TPMxC0VL INTERNAL BUS 16-BIT LATCH CHANNEL 1 MS0B MS0A ELS1B ELS1A CH0IE INTERRUPT LOGIC PORT LOGIC TPMxCH1 16-BIT COMPARATOR CH1F TPMxC1VH:TPMxC1VL 16-BIT LATCH MS1B CH1IE MS1A INTERRUPT LOGIC Up to 8 channels CHANNEL 7 ELS7B ELS7A PORT LOGIC TPMxCH7 16-BIT COMPARATOR CH7F TPMxC7VH:TPMxC7VL 16-BIT LATCH MS7B MS7A CH7IE INTERRUPT LOGIC Figure 16-2. TPM Block Diagram MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 241 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) The TPM channels are programmable independently as input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned PWM channels. Alternately, the TPM can be configured to produce CPWM outputs on all channels. When the TPM is configured for CPWMs, the counter operates as an up/down counter; input capture, output compare, and EPWM functions are not practical. If a channel is configured as input capture, an internal pullup device may be enabled for that channel. The details of how a module interacts with pin controls depends upon the chip implementation because the I/O pins and associated general purpose I/O controls are not part of the module. Refer to the discussion of the I/O port logic in a full-chip specification. Because center-aligned PWMs are usually used to drive 3-phase AC-induction motors and brushless DC motors, they are typically used in sets of three or six channels. 16.2 Signal Description Table 16-2 shows the user-accessible signals for the TPM. The number of channels may be varied from one to eight. When an external clock is included, it can be shared with the same pin as any TPM channel; however, it could be connected to a separate input pin. Refer to the I/O pin descriptions in full-chip specification for the specific chip implementation. Table 16-2. Signal Properties Name Function EXTCLK1 2 TPMxCHn External clock source which may be selected to drive the TPM counter. I/O pin associated with TPM channel n 1 When preset, this signal can share any channel pin; however depending upon full-chip implementation, this signal could be connected to a separate external pin. 2 n=channel number (1 to 8) Refer to documentation for the full-chip for details about reset states, port connections, and whether there is any pullup device on these pins. TPM channel pins can be associated with general purpose I/O pins and have passive pullup devices which can be enabled with a control bit when the TPM or general purpose I/O controls have configured the associated pin as an input. When no TPM function is enabled to use a corresponding pin, the pin reverts to being controlled by general purpose I/O controls, including the port-data and data-direction registers. Immediately after reset, no TPM functions are enabled, so all associated pins revert to general purpose I/O control. 16.2.1 Detailed Signal Descriptions This section describes each user-accessible pin signal in detail. Although Table 16-2 grouped all channel pins together, any TPM pin can be shared with the external clock source signal. Since I/O pin logic is not part of the TPM, refer to full-chip documentation for a specific derivative for more details about the interaction of TPM pin functions and general purpose I/O controls including port data, data direction, and pullup controls. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 242 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) 16.2.1.1 EXTCLK — External Clock Source Control bits in the timer status and control register allow the user to select nothing (timer disable), the bus-rate clock (the normal default source), a crystal-related clock, or an external clock as the clock which drives the TPM prescaler and subsequently the 16-bit TPM counter. The external clock source is synchronized in the TPM. The bus clock clocks the synchronizer; the frequency of the external source must be no more than one-fourth the frequency of the bus-rate clock, to meet Nyquist criteria and allowing for jitter. The external clock signal shares the same pin as a channel I/O pin, so the channel pin will not be usable for channel I/O function when selected as the external clock source. It is the user’s responsibility to avoid such settings. If this pin is used as an external clock source (CLKSB:CLKSA = 1:1), the channel can still be used in output compare mode as a software timer (ELSnB:ELSnA = 0:0). 16.2.1.2 TPMxCHn — TPM Channel n I/O Pin(s) Each TPM channel is associated with an I/O pin on the MCU. The function of this pin depends on the channel configuration. The TPM pins share with general purpose I/O pins, where each pin has a port data register bit, and a data direction control bit, and the port has optional passive pullups which may be enabled whenever a port pin is acting as an input. The TPM channel does not control the I/O pin when (ELSnB:ELSnA = 0:0) or when (CLKSB:CLKSA = 0:0) so it normally reverts to general purpose I/O control. When CPWMS = 1 (and ELSnB:ELSnA not = 0:0), all channels within the TPM are configured for center-aligned PWM and the TPMxCHn pins are all controlled by the TPM system. When CPWMS=0, the MSnB:MSnA control bits determine whether the channel is configured for input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned PWM. When a channel is configured for input capture (CPWMS=0, MSnB:MSnA = 0:0 and ELSnB:ELSnA not = 0:0), the TPMxCHn pin is forced to act as an edge-sensitive input to the TPM. ELSnB:ELSnA control bits determine what polarity edge or edges will trigger input-capture events. A synchronizer based on the bus clock is used to synchronize input edges to the bus clock. This implies the minimum pulse width—that can be reliably detected—on an input capture pin is four bus clock periods (with ideal clock pulses as near as two bus clocks can be detected). TPM uses this pin as an input capture input to override the port data and data direction controls for the same pin. When a channel is configured for output compare (CPWMS=0, MSnB:MSnA = 0:1 and ELSnB:ELSnA not = 0:0), the associated data direction control is overridden, the TPMxCHn pin is considered an output controlled by the TPM, and the ELSnB:ELSnA control bits determine how the pin is controlled. The remaining three combinations of ELSnB:ELSnA determine whether the TPMxCHn pin is toggled, cleared, or set each time the 16-bit channel value register matches the timer counter. When the output compare toggle mode is initially selected, the previous value on the pin is driven out until the next output compare event—then the pin is toggled. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 243 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) When a channel is configured for edge-aligned PWM (CPWMS=0, MSnB=1 and ELSnB:ELSnA not = 0:0), the data direction is overridden, the TPMxCHn pin is forced to be an output controlled by the TPM, and ELSnA controls the polarity of the PWM output signal on the pin. When ELSnB:ELSnA=1:0, the TPMxCHn pin is forced high at the start of each new period (TPMxCNT=0x0000), and the pin is forced low when the channel value register matches the timer counter. When ELSnA=1, the TPMxCHn pin is forced low at the start of each new period (TPMxCNT=0x0000), and the pin is forced high when the channel value register matches the timer counter. TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0008 TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0005 TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL... 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 2 ... 2 ... TPMxCHn CHnF BIT TOF BIT Figure 16-3. High-True Pulse of an Edge-Aligned PWM TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0008 TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0005 TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL... 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 1 TPMxCHn CHnF BIT TOF BIT Figure 16-4. Low-True Pulse of an Edge-Aligned PWM MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 244 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) When the TPM is configured for center-aligned PWM (and ELSnB:ELSnA not = 0:0), the data direction for all channels in this TPM are overridden, the TPMxCHn pins are forced to be outputs controlled by the TPM, and the ELSnA bits control the polarity of each TPMxCHn output. If ELSnB:ELSnA=1:0, the corresponding TPMxCHn pin is cleared when the timer counter is counting up, and the channel value register matches the timer counter; the TPMxCHn pin is set when the timer counter is counting down, and the channel value register matches the timer counter. If ELSnA=1, the corresponding TPMxCHn pin is set when the timer counter is counting up and the channel value register matches the timer counter; the TPMxCHn pin is cleared when the timer counter is counting down and the channel value register matches the timer counter. TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0008 TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0005 TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL ... 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 6 5 ... 7 8 7 6 5 ... TPMxCHn CHnF BIT TOF BIT Figure 16-5. High-True Pulse of a Center-Aligned PWM TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0008 TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL = 0x0005 TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL ... 7 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 TPMxCHn CHnF BIT TOF BIT Figure 16-6. Low-True Pulse of a Center-Aligned PWM MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 245 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) 16.3 Register Definition This section consists of register descriptions in address order. A typical MCU system may contain multiple TPMs, and each TPM may have one to eight channels, so register names include placeholder characters to identify which TPM and which channel is being referenced. For example, TPMxCnSC refers to timer (TPM) x, channel n. TPM1C2SC would be the status and control register for channel 2 of timer 1. 16.3.1 TPM Status and Control Register (TPMxSC) TPMxSC contains the overflow status flag and control bits used to configure the interrupt enable, TPM configuration, clock source, and prescale factor. These controls relate to all channels within this timer module. 7 R TOF W 0 Reset 0 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 TOIE CPWMS CLKSB CLKSA PS2 PS1 PS0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 16-7. TPM Status and Control Register (TPMxSC) Table 16-3. TPMxSC Field Descriptions Field Description 7 TOF Timer overflow flag. This read/write flag is set when the TPM counter resets to 0x0000 after reaching the modulo value programmed in the TPM counter modulo registers. Clear TOF by reading the TPM status and control register when TOF is set and then writing a logic 0 to TOF. If another TPM overflow occurs before the clearing sequence is complete, the sequence is reset so TOF would remain set after the clear sequence was completed for the earlier TOF. This is done so a TOF interrupt request cannot be lost during the clearing sequence for a previous TOF. Reset clears TOF. Writing a logic 1 to TOF has no effect. 0 TPM counter has not reached modulo value or overflow 1 TPM counter has overflowed 6 TOIE Timer overflow interrupt enable. This read/write bit enables TPM overflow interrupts. If TOIE is set, an interrupt is generated when TOF equals one. Reset clears TOIE. 0 TOF interrupts inhibited (use for software polling) 1 TOF interrupts enabled 5 CPWMS Center-aligned PWM select. When present, this read/write bit selects CPWM operating mode. By default, the TPM operates in up-counting mode for input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM functions. Setting CPWMS reconfigures the TPM to operate in up/down counting mode for CPWM functions. Reset clears CPWMS. 0 All channels operate as input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned PWM mode as selected by the MSnB:MSnA control bits in each channel’s status and control register. 1 All channels operate in center-aligned PWM mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 246 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) Table 16-3. TPMxSC Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 4–3 Clock source selects. As shown in Table 16-4, this 2-bit field is used to disable the TPM system or select one of CLKS[B:A] three clock sources to drive the counter prescaler. The fixed system clock source is only meaningful in systems with a PLL-based or FLL-based system clock. When there is no PLL or FLL, the fixed-system clock source is the same as the bus rate clock. The external source is synchronized to the bus clock by TPM module, and the fixed system clock source (when a PLL or FLL is present) is synchronized to the bus clock by an on-chip synchronization circuit. When a PLL or FLL is present but not enabled, the fixed-system clock source is the same as the bus-rate clock. 2–0 PS[2:0] Prescale factor select. This 3-bit field selects one of 8 division factors for the TPM clock input as shown in Table 16-5. This prescaler is located after any clock source synchronization or clock source selection so it affects the clock source selected to drive the TPM system. The new prescale factor will affect the clock source on the next system clock cycle after the new value is updated into the register bits. Table 16-4. TPM-Clock-Source Selection CLKSB:CLKSA TPM Clock Source to Prescaler Input 00 No clock selected (TPM counter disable) 01 Bus rate clock 10 Fixed system clock 11 External source Table 16-5. Prescale Factor Selection 16.3.2 PS2:PS1:PS0 TPM Clock Source Divided-by 000 1 001 2 010 4 011 8 100 16 101 32 110 64 111 128 TPM-Counter Registers (TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL) The two read-only TPM counter registers contain the high and low bytes of the value in the TPM counter. Reading either byte (TPMxCNTH or TPMxCNTL) latches the contents of both bytes into a buffer where they remain latched until the other half is read. This allows coherent 16-bit reads in either big-endian or little-endian order which makes this more friendly to various compiler implementations. The coherency mechanism is automatically restarted by an MCU reset or any write to the timer status/control register (TPMxSC). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 247 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) Reset clears the TPM counter registers. Writing any value to TPMxCNTH or TPMxCNTL also clears the TPM counter (TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL) and resets the coherency mechanism, regardless of the data involved in the write. R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0 0 W Reset Any write to TPMxCNTH clears the 16-bit counter 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 16-8. TPM Counter Register High (TPMxCNTH) R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0 0 W Reset Any write to TPMxCNTL clears the 16-bit counter 0 0 0 0 0 0 Figure 16-9. TPM Counter Register Low (TPMxCNTL) When BDM is active, the timer counter is frozen (this is the value that will be read by user); the coherency mechanism is frozen such that the buffer latches remain in the state they were in when the BDM became active, even if one or both counter halves are read while BDM is active. This assures that if the user was in the middle of reading a 16-bit register when BDM became active, it will read the appropriate value from the other half of the 16-bit value after returning to normal execution. In BDM mode, writing any value to TPMxSC, TPMxCNTH or TPMxCNTL registers resets the read coherency mechanism of the TPMxCNTH:L registers, regardless of the data involved in the write. 16.3.3 TPM Counter Modulo Registers (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL) The read/write TPM modulo registers contain the modulo value for the TPM counter. After the TPM counter reaches the modulo value, the TPM counter resumes counting from 0x0000 at the next clock, and the overflow flag (TOF) becomes set. Writing to TPMxMODH or TPMxMODL inhibits the TOF bit and overflow interrupts until the other byte is written. Reset sets the TPM counter modulo registers to 0x0000 which results in a free running timer counter (modulo disabled). Writing to either byte (TPMxMODH or TPMxMODL) latches the value into a buffer and the registers are updated with the value of their write buffer according to the value of CLKSB:CLKSA bits, so: • If (CLKSB:CLKSA = 0:0), then the registers are updated when the second byte is written • If (CLKSB:CLKSA not = 0:0), then the registers are updated after both bytes were written, and the TPM counter changes from (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL - 1) to (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL). If the TPM counter is a free-running counter, the update is made when the TPM counter changes from 0xFFFE to 0xFFFF The latching mechanism may be manually reset by writing to the TPMxSC address (whether BDM is active or not). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 248 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) When BDM is active, the coherency mechanism is frozen (unless reset by writing to TPMxSC register) such that the buffer latches remain in the state they were in when the BDM became active, even if one or both halves of the modulo register are written while BDM is active. Any write to the modulo registers bypasses the buffer latches and directly writes to the modulo register while BDM is active. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 16-10. TPM Counter Modulo Register High (TPMxMODH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 16-11. TPM Counter Modulo Register Low (TPMxMODL) Reset the TPM counter before writing to the TPM modulo registers to avoid confusion about when the first counter overflow will occur. 16.3.4 TPM Channel n Status and Control Register (TPMxCnSC) TPMxCnSC contains the channel-interrupt-status flag and control bits used to configure the interrupt enable, channel configuration, and pin function. 7 R 6 5 4 3 2 CHnIE MSnB MSnA ELSnB ELSnA 0 0 0 0 0 CHnF W 0 Reset 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 16-12. TPM Channel n Status and Control Register (TPMxCnSC) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 249 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) Table 16-6. TPMxCnSC Field Descriptions Field Description 7 CHnF Channel n flag. When channel n is an input-capture channel, this read/write bit is set when an active edge occurs on the channel n pin. When channel n is an output compare or edge-aligned/center-aligned PWM channel, CHnF is set when the value in the TPM counter registers matches the value in the TPM channel n value registers. When channel n is an edge-aligned/center-aligned PWM channel and the duty cycle is set to 0% or 100%, CHnF will not be set even when the value in the TPM counter registers matches the value in the TPM channel n value registers. A corresponding interrupt is requested when CHnF is set and interrupts are enabled (CHnIE = 1). Clear CHnF by reading TPMxCnSC while CHnF is set and then writing a logic 0 to CHnF. If another interrupt request occurs before the clearing sequence is complete, the sequence is reset so CHnF remains set after the clear sequence completed for the earlier CHnF. This is done so a CHnF interrupt request cannot be lost due to clearing a previous CHnF. Reset clears the CHnF bit. Writing a logic 1 to CHnF has no effect. 0 No input capture or output compare event occurred on channel n 1 Input capture or output compare event on channel n 6 CHnIE Channel n interrupt enable. This read/write bit enables interrupts from channel n. Reset clears CHnIE. 0 Channel n interrupt requests disabled (use for software polling) 1 Channel n interrupt requests enabled 5 MSnB Mode select B for TPM channel n. When CPWMS=0, MSnB=1 configures TPM channel n for edge-aligned PWM mode. Refer to the summary of channel mode and setup controls in Table 16-7. 4 MSnA Mode select A for TPM channel n. When CPWMS=0 and MSnB=0, MSnA configures TPM channel n for input-capture mode or output compare mode. Refer to Table 16-7 for a summary of channel mode and setup controls. Note: If the associated port pin is not stable for at least two bus clock cycles before changing to input capture mode, it is possible to get an unexpected indication of an edge trigger. 3–2 ELSnB ELSnA Edge/level select bits. Depending upon the operating mode for the timer channel as set by CPWMS:MSnB:MSnA and shown in Table 16-7, these bits select the polarity of the input edge that triggers an input capture event, select the level that will be driven in response to an output compare match, or select the polarity of the PWM output. Setting ELSnB:ELSnA to 0:0 configures the related timer pin as a general purpose I/O pin not related to any timer functions. This function is typically used to temporarily disable an input capture channel or to make the timer pin available as a general purpose I/O pin when the associated timer channel is set up as a software timer that does not require the use of a pin. Table 16-7. Mode, Edge, and Level Selection CPWMS MSnB:MSnA ELSnB:ELSnA X XX 00 Mode Configuration Pin not used for TPM - revert to general purpose I/O or other peripheral control MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 250 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) Table 16-7. Mode, Edge, and Level Selection CPWMS MSnB:MSnA ELSnB:ELSnA Mode Configuration 0 00 01 Input capture Capture on rising edge only 01 10 Capture on falling edge only 11 Capture on rising or falling edge 01 1X Output compare 10 Clear output on compare 11 Set output on compare 10 Edge-aligned PWM X1 1 XX High-true pulses (clear output on compare) Low-true pulses (set output on compare) 10 Center-aligned PWM X1 16.3.5 Toggle output on compare High-true pulses (clear output on compare-up) Low-true pulses (set output on compare-up) TPM Channel Value Registers (TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL) These read/write registers contain the captured TPM counter value of the input capture function or the output compare value for the output compare or PWM functions. The channel registers are cleared by reset. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 Bit 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 16-13. TPM Channel Value Register High (TPMxCnVH) 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 16-14. TPM Channel Value Register Low (TPMxCnVL) In input capture mode, reading either byte (TPMxCnVH or TPMxCnVL) latches the contents of both bytes into a buffer where they remain latched until the other half is read. This latching mechanism also resets MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 251 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) (becomes unlatched) when the TPMxCnSC register is written (whether BDM mode is active or not). Any write to the channel registers will be ignored during the input capture mode. When BDM is active, the coherency mechanism is frozen (unless reset by writing to TPMxCnSC register) such that the buffer latches remain in the state they were in when the BDM became active, even if one or both halves of the channel register are read while BDM is active. This assures that if the user was in the middle of reading a 16-bit register when BDM became active, it will read the appropriate value from the other half of the 16-bit value after returning to normal execution. The value read from the TPMxCnVH and TPMxCnVL registers in BDM mode is the value of these registers and not the value of their read buffer. In output compare or PWM modes, writing to either byte (TPMxCnVH or TPMxCnVL) latches the value into a buffer. After both bytes are written, they are transferred as a coherent 16-bit value into the timer-channel registers according to the value of CLKSB:CLKSA bits and the selected mode, so: • If (CLKSB:CLKSA = 0:0), then the registers are updated when the second byte is written. • If (CLKSB:CLKSA not = 0:0 and in output compare mode) then the registers are updated after the second byte is written and on the next change of the TPM counter (end of the prescaler counting). • If (CLKSB:CLKSA not = 0:0 and in EPWM or CPWM modes), then the registers are updated after the both bytes were written, and the TPM counter changes from (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL - 1) to (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL). If the TPM counter is a free-running counter then the update is made when the TPM counter changes from 0xFFFE to 0xFFFF. The latching mechanism may be manually reset by writing to the TPMxCnSC register (whether BDM mode is active or not). This latching mechanism allows coherent 16-bit writes in either big-endian or little-endian order which is friendly to various compiler implementations. When BDM is active, the coherency mechanism is frozen such that the buffer latches remain in the state they were in when the BDM became active even if one or both halves of the channel register are written while BDM is active. Any write to the channel registers bypasses the buffer latches and directly write to the channel register while BDM is active. The values written to the channel register while BDM is active are used for PWM & output compare operation once normal execution resumes. Writes to the channel registers while BDM is active do not interfere with partial completion of a coherency sequence. After the coherency mechanism has been fully exercised, the channel registers are updated using the buffered values written (while BDM was not active) by the user. 16.4 Functional Description All TPM functions are associated with a central 16-bit counter which allows flexible selection of the clock source and prescale factor. There is also a 16-bit modulo register associated with the main counter. The CPWMS control bit chooses between center-aligned PWM operation for all channels in the TPM (CPWMS=1) or general purpose timing functions (CPWMS=0) where each channel can independently be configured to operate in input capture, output compare, or edge-aligned PWM mode. The CPWMS control bit is located in the main TPM status and control register because it affects all channels within the TPM and influences the way the main counter operates. (In CPWM mode, the counter changes to an up/down mode rather than the up-counting mode used for general purpose timer functions.) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 252 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) The following sections describe the main counter and each of the timer operating modes (input capture, output compare, edge-aligned PWM, and center-aligned PWM). Because details of pin operation and interrupt activity depend upon the operating mode, these topics will be covered in the associated mode explanation sections. 16.4.1 Counter All timer functions are based on the main 16-bit counter (TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL). This section discusses selection of the clock source, end-of-count overflow, up-counting vs. up/down counting, and manual counter reset. 16.4.1.1 Counter Clock Source The 2-bit field, CLKSB:CLKSA, in the timer status and control register (TPMxSC) selects one of three possible clock sources or OFF (which effectively disables the TPM). See Table 16-4. After any MCU reset, CLKSB:CLKSA=0:0 so no clock source is selected, and the TPM is in a very low power state. These control bits may be read or written at any time and disabling the timer (writing 00 to the CLKSB:CLKSA field) does not affect the values in the counter or other timer registers. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 253 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) Table 16-8. TPM Clock Source Selection CLKSB:CLKSA TPM Clock Source to Prescaler Input 00 No clock selected (TPM counter disabled) 01 Bus rate clock 10 Fixed system clock 11 External source The bus rate clock is the main system bus clock for the MCU. This clock source requires no synchronization because it is the clock that is used for all internal MCU activities including operation of the CPU and buses. In MCUs that have no PLL and FLL or the PLL and FLL are not engaged, the fixed system clock source is the same as the bus-rate-clock source, and it does not go through a synchronizer. When a PLL or FLL is present and engaged, a synchronizer is required between the crystal divided-by two clock source and the timer counter so counter transitions will be properly aligned to bus-clock transitions. A synchronizer will be used at chip level to synchronize the crystal-related source clock to the bus clock. The external clock source may be connected to any TPM channel pin. This clock source always has to pass through a synchronizer to assure that counter transitions are properly aligned to bus clock transitions. The bus-rate clock drives the synchronizer; therefore, to meet Nyquist criteria even with jitter, the frequency of the external clock source must not be faster than the bus rate divided-by four. With ideal clocks the external clock can be as fast as bus clock divided by four. When the external clock source shares the TPM channel pin, this pin should not be used for other channel timing functions. For example, it would be ambiguous to configure channel 0 for input capture when the TPM channel 0 pin was also being used as the timer external clock source. (It is the user’s responsibility to avoid such settings.) The TPM channel could still be used in output compare mode for software timing functions (pin controls set not to affect the TPM channel pin). 16.4.1.2 Counter Overflow and Modulo Reset An interrupt flag and enable are associated with the 16-bit main counter. The flag (TOF) is a software-accessible indication that the timer counter has overflowed. The enable signal selects between software polling (TOIE=0) where no hardware interrupt is generated, or interrupt-driven operation (TOIE=1) where a static hardware interrupt is generated whenever the TOF flag is equal to one. The conditions causing TOF to become set depend on whether the TPM is configured for center-aligned PWM (CPWMS=1). In the simplest mode, there is no modulus limit and the TPM is not in CPWMS=1 mode. In this case, the 16-bit timer counter counts from 0x0000 through 0xFFFF and overflows to 0x0000 on the next counting clock. TOF becomes set at the transition from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When a modulus limit is set, TOF becomes set at the transition from the value set in the modulus register to 0x0000. When the TPM is in center-aligned PWM mode (CPWMS=1), the TOF flag gets set as the counter changes direction at the end of the count value set in the modulus register (that is, at the transition from the value set in the modulus register to the next lower count value). This corresponds to the end of a PWM period (the 0x0000 count value corresponds to the center of a period). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 254 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) 16.4.1.3 Counting Modes The main timer counter has two counting modes. When center-aligned PWM is selected (CPWMS=1), the counter operates in up/down counting mode. Otherwise, the counter operates as a simple up counter. As an up counter, the timer counter counts from 0x0000 through its terminal count and then continues with 0x0000. The terminal count is 0xFFFF or a modulus value in TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL. When center-aligned PWM operation is specified, the counter counts up from 0x0000 through its terminal count and then down to 0x0000 where it changes back to up counting. Both 0x0000 and the terminal count value are normal length counts (one timer clock period long). In this mode, the timer overflow flag (TOF) becomes set at the end of the terminal-count period (as the count changes to the next lower count value). 16.4.1.4 Manual Counter Reset The main timer counter can be manually reset at any time by writing any value to either half of TPMxCNTH or TPMxCNTL. Resetting the counter in this manner also resets the coherency mechanism in case only half of the counter was read before resetting the count. 16.4.2 Channel Mode Selection Provided CPWMS=0, the MSnB and MSnA control bits in the channel n status and control registers determine the basic mode of operation for the corresponding channel. Choices include input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM. 16.4.2.1 Input Capture Mode With the input-capture function, the TPM can capture the time at which an external event occurs. When an active edge occurs on the pin of an input-capture channel, the TPM latches the contents of the TPM counter into the channel-value registers (TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL). Rising edges, falling edges, or any edge may be chosen as the active edge that triggers an input capture. In input capture mode, the TPMxCnVH and TPMxCnVL registers are read only. When either half of the 16-bit capture register is read, the other half is latched into a buffer to support coherent 16-bit accesses in big-endian or little-endian order. The coherency sequence can be manually reset by writing to the channel status/control register (TPMxCnSC). An input capture event sets a flag bit (CHnF) which may optionally generate a CPU interrupt request. While in BDM, the input capture function works as configured by the user. When an external event occurs, the TPM latches the contents of the TPM counter (which is frozen because of the BDM mode) into the channel value registers and sets the flag bit. 16.4.2.2 Output Compare Mode With the output-compare function, the TPM can generate timed pulses with programmable position, polarity, duration, and frequency. When the counter reaches the value in the channel-value registers of an output-compare channel, the TPM can set, clear, or toggle the channel pin. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 255 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) In output compare mode, values are transferred to the corresponding timer channel registers only after both 8-bit halves of a 16-bit register have been written and according to the value of CLKSB:CLKSA bits, so: • If (CLKSB:CLKSA = 0:0), the registers are updated when the second byte is written • If (CLKSB:CLKSA not = 0:0), the registers are updated at the next change of the TPM counter (end of the prescaler counting) after the second byte is written. The coherency sequence can be manually reset by writing to the channel status/control register (TPMxCnSC). An output compare event sets a flag bit (CHnF) which may optionally generate a CPU-interrupt request. 16.4.2.3 Edge-Aligned PWM Mode This type of PWM output uses the normal up-counting mode of the timer counter (CPWMS=0) and can be used when other channels in the same TPM are configured for input capture or output compare functions. The period of this PWM signal is determined by the value of the modulus register (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL) plus 1. The duty cycle is determined by the setting in the timer channel register (TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL). The polarity of this PWM signal is determined by the setting in the ELSnA control bit. 0% and 100% duty cycle cases are possible. The output compare value in the TPM channel registers determines the pulse width (duty cycle) of the PWM signal (Figure 16-15). The time between the modulus overflow and the output compare is the pulse width. If ELSnA=0, the counter overflow forces the PWM signal high, and the output compare forces the PWM signal low. If ELSnA=1, the counter overflow forces the PWM signal low, and the output compare forces the PWM signal high. OVERFLOW OVERFLOW OVERFLOW PERIOD PULSE WIDTH TPMxCHn OUTPUT COMPARE OUTPUT COMPARE OUTPUT COMPARE Figure 16-15. PWM Period and Pulse Width (ELSnA=0) When the channel value register is set to 0x0000, the duty cycle is 0%. 100% duty cycle can be achieved by setting the timer-channel register (TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL) to a value greater than the modulus setting. This implies that the modulus setting must be less than 0xFFFF in order to get 100% duty cycle. Because the TPM may be used in an 8-bit MCU, the settings in the timer channel registers are buffered to ensure coherent 16-bit updates and to avoid unexpected PWM pulse widths. Writes to any of the registers TPMxCnVH and TPMxCnVL, actually write to buffer registers. In edge-aligned PWM mode, values are transferred to the corresponding timer-channel registers according to the value of CLKSB:CLKSA bits, so: • If (CLKSB:CLKSA = 0:0), the registers are updated when the second byte is written • If (CLKSB:CLKSA not = 0:0), the registers are updated after the both bytes were written, and the TPM counter changes from (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL - 1) to (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL). If MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 256 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) the TPM counter is a free-running counter then the update is made when the TPM counter changes from 0xFFFE to 0xFFFF. 16.4.2.4 Center-Aligned PWM Mode This type of PWM output uses the up/down counting mode of the timer counter (CPWMS=1). The output compare value in TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL determines the pulse width (duty cycle) of the PWM signal while the period is determined by the value in TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL. TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL should be kept in the range of 0x0001 to 0x7FFF because values outside this range can produce ambiguous results. ELSnA will determine the polarity of the CPWM output. pulse width = 2 x (TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL) period = 2 x (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL); TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL=0x0001-0x7FFF If the channel-value register TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL is zero or negative (bit 15 set), the duty cycle will be 0%. If TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL is a positive value (bit 15 clear) and is greater than the (non-zero) modulus setting, the duty cycle will be 100% because the duty cycle compare will never occur. This implies the usable range of periods set by the modulus register is 0x0001 through 0x7FFE (0x7FFF if you do not need to generate 100% duty cycle). This is not a significant limitation. The resulting period would be much longer than required for normal applications. TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL=0x0000 is a special case that should not be used with center-aligned PWM mode. When CPWMS=0, this case corresponds to the counter running free from 0x0000 through 0xFFFF, but when CPWMS=1 the counter needs a valid match to the modulus register somewhere other than at 0x0000 in order to change directions from up-counting to down-counting. The output compare value in the TPM channel registers (times 2) determines the pulse width (duty cycle) of the CPWM signal (Figure 16-16). If ELSnA=0, a compare occurred while counting up forces the CPWM output signal low and a compare occurred while counting down forces the output high. The counter counts up until it reaches the modulo setting in TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL, then counts down until it reaches zero. This sets the period equal to two times TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL. COUNT= 0 OUTPUT COUNT= COMPARE TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL (COUNT DOWN) OUTPUT COMPARE (COUNT UP) COUNT= TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL TPMxCHn PULSE WIDTH 2 x TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL PERIOD 2 x TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL Figure 16-16. CPWM Period and Pulse Width (ELSnA=0) Center-aligned PWM outputs typically produce less noise than edge-aligned PWMs because fewer I/O pin transitions are lined up at the same system clock edge. This type of PWM is also required for some types of motor drives. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 257 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) Input capture, output compare, and edge-aligned PWM functions do not make sense when the counter is operating in up/down counting mode so this implies that all active channels within a TPM must be used in CPWM mode when CPWMS=1. The TPM may be used in an 8-bit MCU. The settings in the timer channel registers are buffered to ensure coherent 16-bit updates and to avoid unexpected PWM pulse widths. Writes to any of the registers TPMxMODH, TPMxMODL, TPMxCnVH, and TPMxCnVL, actually write to buffer registers. In center-aligned PWM mode, the TPMxCnVH:L registers are updated with the value of their write buffer according to the value of CLKSB:CLKSA bits, so: • If (CLKSB:CLKSA = 0:0), the registers are updated when the second byte is written • If (CLKSB:CLKSA not = 0:0), the registers are updated after the both bytes were written, and the TPM counter changes from (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL - 1) to (TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL). If the TPM counter is a free-running counter, the update is made when the TPM counter changes from 0xFFFE to 0xFFFF. When TPMxCNTH:TPMxCNTL=TPMxMODH:TPMxMODL, the TPM can optionally generate a TOF interrupt (at the end of this count). Writing to TPMxSC cancels any values written to TPMxMODH and/or TPMxMODL and resets the coherency mechanism for the modulo registers. Writing to TPMxCnSC cancels any values written to the channel value registers and resets the coherency mechanism for TPMxCnVH:TPMxCnVL. 16.5 16.5.1 Reset Overview General The TPM is reset whenever any MCU reset occurs. 16.5.2 Description of Reset Operation Reset clears the TPMxSC register which disables clocks to the TPM and disables timer overflow interrupts (TOIE=0). CPWMS, MSnB, MSnA, ELSnB, and ELSnA are all cleared which configures all TPM channels for input-capture operation with the associated pins disconnected from I/O pin logic (so all MCU pins related to the TPM revert to general purpose I/O pins). 16.6 16.6.1 Interrupts General The TPM generates an optional interrupt for the main counter overflow and an interrupt for each channel. The meaning of channel interrupts depends on each channel’s mode of operation. If the channel is configured for input capture, the interrupt flag is set each time the selected input capture edge is recognized. If the channel is configured for output compare or PWM modes, the interrupt flag is set each time the main timer counter matches the value in the 16-bit channel value register. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 258 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) All TPM interrupts are listed in Table 16-9 which shows the interrupt name, the name of any local enable that can block the interrupt request from leaving the TPM and getting recognized by the separate interrupt processing logic. Table 16-9. Interrupt Summary Interrupt Local Enable Source Description TOF TOIE Counter overflow Set each time the timer counter reaches its terminal count (at transition to next count value which is usually 0x0000) CHnF CHnIE Channel event An input capture or output compare event took place on channel n The TPM module will provide a high-true interrupt signal. Vectors and priorities are determined at chip integration time in the interrupt module so refer to the user’s guide for the interrupt module or to the chip’s complete documentation for details. 16.6.2 Description of Interrupt Operation For each interrupt source in the TPM, a flag bit is set upon recognition of the interrupt condition such as timer overflow, channel-input capture, or output-compare events. This flag may be read (polled) by software to determine that the action has occurred, or an associated enable bit (TOIE or CHnIE) can be set to enable hardware interrupt generation. While the interrupt enable bit is set, a static interrupt will generate whenever the associated interrupt flag equals one. The user’s software must perform a sequence of steps to clear the interrupt flag before returning from the interrupt-service routine. TPM interrupt flags are cleared by a two-step process including a read of the flag bit while it is set (1) followed by a write of zero (0) to the bit. If a new event is detected between these two steps, the sequence is reset and the interrupt flag remains set after the second step to avoid the possibility of missing the new event. 16.6.2.1 Timer Overflow Interrupt (TOF) Description The meaning and details of operation for TOF interrupts varies slightly depending upon the mode of operation of the TPM system (general purpose timing functions versus center-aligned PWM operation). The flag is cleared by the two step sequence described above. 16.6.2.1.1 Normal Case Normally TOF is set when the timer counter changes from 0xFFFF to 0x0000. When the TPM is not configured for center-aligned PWM (CPWMS=0), TOF gets set when the timer counter changes from the terminal count (the value in the modulo register) to 0x0000. This case corresponds to the normal meaning of counter overflow. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 259 Chapter 16 Timer/PWM Module (S08TPMV3) 16.6.2.1.2 Center-Aligned PWM Case When CPWMS=1, TOF gets set when the timer counter changes direction from up-counting to down-counting at the end of the terminal count (the value in the modulo register). In this case the TOF corresponds to the end of a PWM period. 16.6.2.2 Channel Event Interrupt Description The meaning of channel interrupts depends on the channel’s current mode (input-capture, output-compare, edge-aligned PWM, or center-aligned PWM). 16.6.2.2.1 Input Capture Events When a channel is configured as an input capture channel, the ELSnB:ELSnA control bits select no edge (off), rising edges, falling edges or any edge as the edge which triggers an input capture event. When the selected edge is detected, the interrupt flag is set. The flag is cleared by the two-step sequence described in Section 16.6.2, “Description of Interrupt Operation.” 16.6.2.2.2 Output Compare Events When a channel is configured as an output compare channel, the interrupt flag is set each time the main timer counter matches the 16-bit value in the channel value register. The flag is cleared by the two-step sequence described Section 16.6.2, “Description of Interrupt Operation.” 16.6.2.2.3 PWM End-of-Duty-Cycle Events For channels configured for PWM operation there are two possibilities. When the channel is configured for edge-aligned PWM, the channel flag gets set when the timer counter matches the channel value register which marks the end of the active duty cycle period. When the channel is configured for center-aligned PWM, the timer count matches the channel value register twice during each PWM cycle. In this CPWM case, the channel flag is set at the start and at the end of the active duty cycle period which are the times when the timer counter matches the channel value register. The flag is cleared by the two-step sequence described Section 16.6.2, “Description of Interrupt Operation.” MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 260 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support 17.1 Introduction Development support systems in the HCS08 include the background debug controller (BDC) and the on-chip debug module (DBG). The BDC provides a single-wire debug interface to the target MCU that provides a convenient interface for programming the on-chip FLASH and other nonvolatile memories. The BDC is also the primary debug interface for development and allows non-intrusive access to memory data and traditional debug features such as CPU register modify, breakpoints, and single instruction trace commands. In the HCS08 Family, address and data bus signals are not available on external pins (not even in test modes). Debug is done through commands fed into the target MCU via the single-wire background debug interface. The debug module provides a means to selectively trigger and capture bus information so an external development system can reconstruct what happened inside the MCU on a cycle-by-cycle basis without having external access to the address and data signals. 17.1.1 Forcing Active Background The method for forcing active background mode depends on the specific HCS08 derivative. For the MC9S08SH32 Series, you can force active background after a power-on reset by holding the BKGD pin low as the device exits the reset condition. You can also force active background by driving BKGD low immediately after a serial background command that writes a one to the BDFR bit in the SBDFR register. Other causes of reset including an external pin reset or an internally generated error reset ignore the state of the BKGD pin and reset into normal user mode. If no debug pod is connected to the BKGD pin, the MCU will always reset into normal operating mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 261 Chapter 17 Development Support 17.1.2 Features Features of the BDC module include: • Single pin for mode selection and background communications • BDC registers are not located in the memory map • SYNC command to determine target communications rate • Non-intrusive commands for memory access • Active background mode commands for CPU register access • GO and TRACE1 commands • BACKGROUND command can wake CPU from stop or wait modes • One hardware address breakpoint built into BDC • Oscillator runs in stop mode, if BDC enabled • COP watchdog disabled while in active background mode Features of the ICE system include: • Two trigger comparators: Two address + read/write (R/W) or one full address + data + R/W • Flexible 8-word by 16-bit FIFO (first-in, first-out) buffer for capture information: — Change-of-flow addresses or — Event-only data • Two types of breakpoints: — Tag breakpoints for instruction opcodes — Force breakpoints for any address access • Nine trigger modes: — Basic: A-only, A OR B — Sequence: A then B — Full: A AND B data, A AND NOT B data — Event (store data): Event-only B, A then event-only B — Range: Inside range (A ≤ address ≤ B), outside range (address < A or address > B) 17.2 Background Debug Controller (BDC) All MCUs in the HCS08 Family contain a single-wire background debug interface that supports in-circuit programming of on-chip nonvolatile memory and sophisticated non-intrusive debug capabilities. Unlike debug interfaces on earlier 8-bit MCUs, this system does not interfere with normal application resources. It does not use any user memory or locations in the memory map and does not share any on-chip peripherals. BDC commands are divided into two groups: • Active background mode commands require that the target MCU is in active background mode (the user program is not running). Active background mode commands allow the CPU registers to be read or written, and allow the user to trace one user instruction at a time, or GO to the user program from active background mode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 262 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support • Non-intrusive commands can be executed at any time even while the user’s program is running. Non-intrusive commands allow a user to read or write MCU memory locations or access status and control registers within the background debug controller. Typically, a relatively simple interface pod is used to translate commands from a host computer into commands for the custom serial interface to the single-wire background debug system. Depending on the development tool vendor, this interface pod may use a standard RS-232 serial port, a parallel printer port, or some other type of communications such as a universal serial bus (USB) to communicate between the host PC and the pod. The pod typically connects to the target system with ground, the BKGD pin, RESET, and sometimes VDD. An open-drain connection to reset allows the host to force a target system reset, which is useful to regain control of a lost target system or to control startup of a target system before the on-chip nonvolatile memory has been programmed. Sometimes VDD can be used to allow the pod to use power from the target system to avoid the need for a separate power supply. However, if the pod is powered separately, it can be connected to a running target system without forcing a target system reset or otherwise disturbing the running application program. BKGD 1 2 GND NO CONNECT 3 4 RESET NO CONNECT 5 6 VDD Figure 17-1. BDM Tool Connector 17.2.1 BKGD Pin Description BKGD is the single-wire background debug interface pin. The primary function of this pin is for bidirectional serial communication of active background mode commands and data. During reset, this pin is used to select between starting in active background mode or starting the user’s application program. This pin is also used to request a timed sync response pulse to allow a host development tool to determine the correct clock frequency for background debug serial communications. BDC serial communications use a custom serial protocol first introduced on the M68HC12 Family of microcontrollers. This protocol assumes the host knows the communication clock rate that is determined by the target BDC clock rate. All communication is initiated and controlled by the host that drives a high-to-low edge to signal the beginning of each bit time. Commands and data are sent most significant bit first (MSB first). For a detailed description of the communications protocol, refer to Section 17.2.2, “Communication Details.” If a host is attempting to communicate with a target MCU that has an unknown BDC clock rate, a SYNC command may be sent to the target MCU to request a timed sync response signal from which the host can determine the correct communication speed. BKGD is a pseudo-open-drain pin and there is an on-chip pullup so no external pullup resistor is required. Unlike typical open-drain pins, the external RC time constant on this pin, which is influenced by external capacitance, plays almost no role in signal rise time. The custom protocol provides for brief, actively driven speedup pulses to force rapid rise times on this pin without risking harmful drive level conflicts. Refer to Section 17.2.2, “Communication Details,” for more detail. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 263 Chapter 17 Development Support When no debugger pod is connected to the 6-pin BDM interface connector, the internal pullup on BKGD chooses normal operating mode. When a debug pod is connected to BKGD it is possible to force the MCU into active background mode after reset. The specific conditions for forcing active background depend upon the HCS08 derivative (refer to the introduction to this Development Support section). It is not necessary to reset the target MCU to communicate with it through the background debug interface. 17.2.2 Communication Details The BDC serial interface requires the external controller to generate a falling edge on the BKGD pin to indicate the start of each bit time. The external controller provides this falling edge whether data is transmitted or received. BKGD is a pseudo-open-drain pin that can be driven either by an external controller or by the MCU. Data is transferred MSB first at 16 BDC clock cycles per bit (nominal speed). The interface times out if 512 BDC clock cycles occur between falling edges from the host. Any BDC command that was in progress when this timeout occurs is aborted without affecting the memory or operating mode of the target MCU system. The custom serial protocol requires the debug pod to know the target BDC communication clock speed. The clock switch (CLKSW) control bit in the BDC status and control register allows the user to select the BDC clock source. The BDC clock source can either be the bus or the alternate BDC clock source. The BKGD pin can receive a high or low level or transmit a high or low level. The following diagrams show timing for each of these cases. Interface timing is synchronous to clocks in the target BDC, but asynchronous to the external host. The internal BDC clock signal is shown for reference in counting cycles. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 264 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support Figure 17-2 shows an external host transmitting a logic 1 or 0 to the BKGD pin of a target HCS08 MCU. The host is asynchronous to the target so there is a 0-to-1 cycle delay from the host-generated falling edge to where the target perceives the beginning of the bit time. Ten target BDC clock cycles later, the target senses the bit level on the BKGD pin. Typically, the host actively drives the pseudo-open-drain BKGD pin during host-to-target transmissions to speed up rising edges. Because the target does not drive the BKGD pin during the host-to-target transmission period, there is no need to treat the line as an open-drain signal during this period. BDC CLOCK (TARGET MCU) HOST TRANSMIT 1 HOST TRANSMIT 0 10 CYCLES SYNCHRONIZATION UNCERTAINTY EARLIEST START OF NEXT BIT TARGET SENSES BIT LEVEL PERCEIVED START OF BIT TIME Figure 17-2. BDC Host-to-Target Serial Bit Timing MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 265 Chapter 17 Development Support Figure 17-3 shows the host receiving a logic 1 from the target HCS08 MCU. Because the host is asynchronous to the target MCU, there is a 0-to-1 cycle delay from the host-generated falling edge on BKGD to the perceived start of the bit time in the target MCU. The host holds the BKGD pin low long enough for the target to recognize it (at least two target BDC cycles). The host must release the low drive before the target MCU drives a brief active-high speedup pulse seven cycles after the perceived start of the bit time. The host should sample the bit level about 10 cycles after it started the bit time. BDC CLOCK (TARGET MCU) HOST DRIVE TO BKGD PIN TARGET MCU SPEEDUP PULSE HIGH-IMPEDANCE HIGH-IMPEDANCE HIGH-IMPEDANCE PERCEIVED START OF BIT TIME R-C RISE BKGD PIN 10 CYCLES 10 CYCLES EARLIEST START OF NEXT BIT HOST SAMPLES BKGD PIN Figure 17-3. BDC Target-to-Host Serial Bit Timing (Logic 1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 266 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support Figure 17-4 shows the host receiving a logic 0 from the target HCS08 MCU. Because the host is asynchronous to the target MCU, there is a 0-to-1 cycle delay from the host-generated falling edge on BKGD to the start of the bit time as perceived by the target MCU. The host initiates the bit time but the target HCS08 finishes it. Because the target wants the host to receive a logic 0, it drives the BKGD pin low for 13 BDC clock cycles, then briefly drives it high to speed up the rising edge. The host samples the bit level about 10 cycles after starting the bit time. BDC CLOCK (TARGET MCU) HOST DRIVE TO BKGD PIN HIGH-IMPEDANCE SPEEDUP PULSE TARGET MCU DRIVE AND SPEED-UP PULSE PERCEIVED START OF BIT TIME BKGD PIN 10 CYCLES 10 CYCLES EARLIEST START OF NEXT BIT HOST SAMPLES BKGD PIN Figure 17-4. BDM Target-to-Host Serial Bit Timing (Logic 0) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 267 Chapter 17 Development Support 17.2.3 BDC Commands BDC commands are sent serially from a host computer to the BKGD pin of the target HCS08 MCU. All commands and data are sent MSB-first using a custom BDC communications protocol. Active background mode commands require that the target MCU is currently in the active background mode while non-intrusive commands may be issued at any time whether the target MCU is in active background mode or running a user application program. Table 17-1 shows all HCS08 BDC commands, a shorthand description of their coding structure, and the meaning of each command. Coding Structure Nomenclature This nomenclature is used in Table 17-1 to describe the coding structure of the BDC commands. Commands begin with an 8-bit hexadecimal command code in the host-to-target direction (most significant bit first) / = separates parts of the command d = delay 16 target BDC clock cycles AAAA = a 16-bit address in the host-to-target direction RD = 8 bits of read data in the target-to-host direction WD = 8 bits of write data in the host-to-target direction RD16 = 16 bits of read data in the target-to-host direction WD16 = 16 bits of write data in the host-to-target direction SS = the contents of BDCSCR in the target-to-host direction (STATUS) CC = 8 bits of write data for BDCSCR in the host-to-target direction (CONTROL) RBKP = 16 bits of read data in the target-to-host direction (from BDCBKPT breakpoint register) WBKP = 16 bits of write data in the host-to-target direction (for BDCBKPT breakpoint register) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 268 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support Table 17-1. BDC Command Summary Command Mnemonic 1 Active BDM/ Non-intrusive Coding Structure Description SYNC Non-intrusive n/a1 Request a timed reference pulse to determine target BDC communication speed ACK_ENABLE Non-intrusive D5/d Enable acknowledge protocol. Refer to Freescale document order no. HCS08RMv1/D. ACK_DISABLE Non-intrusive D6/d Disable acknowledge protocol. Refer to Freescale document order no. HCS08RMv1/D. BACKGROUND Non-intrusive 90/d Enter active background mode if enabled (ignore if ENBDM bit equals 0) READ_STATUS Non-intrusive E4/SS Read BDC status from BDCSCR WRITE_CONTROL Non-intrusive C4/CC Write BDC controls in BDCSCR READ_BYTE Non-intrusive E0/AAAA/d/RD Read a byte from target memory READ_BYTE_WS Non-intrusive E1/AAAA/d/SS/RD Read a byte and report status READ_LAST Non-intrusive E8/SS/RD Re-read byte from address just read and report status WRITE_BYTE Non-intrusive C0/AAAA/WD/d Write a byte to target memory WRITE_BYTE_WS Non-intrusive C1/AAAA/WD/d/SS Write a byte and report status READ_BKPT Non-intrusive E2/RBKP Read BDCBKPT breakpoint register WRITE_BKPT Non-intrusive C2/WBKP Write BDCBKPT breakpoint register GO Active BDM 08/d Go to execute the user application program starting at the address currently in the PC TRACE1 Active BDM 10/d Trace 1 user instruction at the address in the PC, then return to active background mode TAGGO Active BDM 18/d Same as GO but enable external tagging (HCS08 devices have no external tagging pin) READ_A Active BDM 68/d/RD Read accumulator (A) READ_CCR Active BDM 69/d/RD Read condition code register (CCR) READ_PC Active BDM 6B/d/RD16 Read program counter (PC) READ_HX Active BDM 6C/d/RD16 Read H and X register pair (H:X) READ_SP Active BDM 6F/d/RD16 Read stack pointer (SP) READ_NEXT Active BDM 70/d/RD Increment H:X by one then read memory byte located at H:X READ_NEXT_WS Active BDM 71/d/SS/RD Increment H:X by one then read memory byte located at H:X. Report status and data. WRITE_A Active BDM 48/WD/d Write accumulator (A) WRITE_CCR Active BDM 49/WD/d Write condition code register (CCR) WRITE_PC Active BDM 4B/WD16/d Write program counter (PC) WRITE_HX Active BDM 4C/WD16/d Write H and X register pair (H:X) WRITE_SP Active BDM 4F/WD16/d Write stack pointer (SP) WRITE_NEXT Active BDM 50/WD/d Increment H:X by one, then write memory byte located at H:X WRITE_NEXT_WS Active BDM 51/WD/d/SS Increment H:X by one, then write memory byte located at H:X. Also report status. The SYNC command is a special operation that does not have a command code. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 269 Chapter 17 Development Support The SYNC command is unlike other BDC commands because the host does not necessarily know the correct communications speed to use for BDC communications until after it has analyzed the response to the SYNC command. To issue a SYNC command, the host: • Drives the BKGD pin low for at least 128 cycles of the slowest possible BDC clock (The slowest clock is normally the reference oscillator/64 or the self-clocked rate/64.) • Drives BKGD high for a brief speedup pulse to get a fast rise time (This speedup pulse is typically one cycle of the fastest clock in the system.) • Removes all drive to the BKGD pin so it reverts to high impedance • Monitors the BKGD pin for the sync response pulse The target, upon detecting the SYNC request from the host (which is a much longer low time than would ever occur during normal BDC communications): • Waits for BKGD to return to a logic high • Delays 16 cycles to allow the host to stop driving the high speedup pulse • Drives BKGD low for 128 BDC clock cycles • Drives a 1-cycle high speedup pulse to force a fast rise time on BKGD • Removes all drive to the BKGD pin so it reverts to high impedance The host measures the low time of this 128-cycle sync response pulse and determines the correct speed for subsequent BDC communications. Typically, the host can determine the correct communication speed within a few percent of the actual target speed and the communication protocol can easily tolerate speed errors of several percent. 17.2.4 BDC Hardware Breakpoint The BDC includes one relatively simple hardware breakpoint that compares the CPU address bus to a 16-bit match value in the BDCBKPT register. This breakpoint can generate a forced breakpoint or a tagged breakpoint. A forced breakpoint causes the CPU to enter active background mode at the first instruction boundary following any access to the breakpoint address. The tagged breakpoint causes the instruction opcode at the breakpoint address to be tagged so that the CPU will enter active background mode rather than executing that instruction if and when it reaches the end of the instruction queue. This implies that tagged breakpoints can only be placed at the address of an instruction opcode while forced breakpoints can be set at any address. The breakpoint enable (BKPTEN) control bit in the BDC status and control register (BDCSCR) is used to enable the breakpoint logic (BKPTEN = 1). When BKPTEN = 0, its default value after reset, the breakpoint logic is disabled and no BDC breakpoints are requested regardless of the values in other BDC breakpoint registers and control bits. The force/tag select (FTS) control bit in BDCSCR is used to select forced (FTS = 1) or tagged (FTS = 0) type breakpoints. The on-chip debug module (DBG) includes circuitry for two additional hardware breakpoints that are more flexible than the simple breakpoint in the BDC module. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 270 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support 17.3 On-Chip Debug System (DBG) Because HCS08 devices do not have external address and data buses, the most important functions of an in-circuit emulator have been built onto the chip with the MCU. The debug system consists of an 8-stage FIFO that can store address or data bus information, and a flexible trigger system to decide when to capture bus information and what information to capture. The system relies on the single-wire background debug system to access debug control registers and to read results out of the eight stage FIFO. The debug module includes control and status registers that are accessible in the user’s memory map. These registers are located in the high register space to avoid using valuable direct page memory space. Most of the debug module’s functions are used during development, and user programs rarely access any of the control and status registers for the debug module. The one exception is that the debug system can provide the means to implement a form of ROM patching. This topic is discussed in greater detail in Section 17.3.6, “Hardware Breakpoints.” 17.3.1 Comparators A and B Two 16-bit comparators (A and B) can optionally be qualified with the R/W signal and an opcode tracking circuit. Separate control bits allow you to ignore R/W for each comparator. The opcode tracking circuitry optionally allows you to specify that a trigger will occur only if the opcode at the specified address is actually executed as opposed to only being read from memory into the instruction queue. The comparators are also capable of magnitude comparisons to support the inside range and outside range trigger modes. Comparators are disabled temporarily during all BDC accesses. The A comparator is always associated with the 16-bit CPU address. The B comparator compares to the CPU address or the 8-bit CPU data bus, depending on the trigger mode selected. Because the CPU data bus is separated into a read data bus and a write data bus, the RWAEN and RWA control bits have an additional purpose, in full address plus data comparisons they are used to decide which of these buses to use in the comparator B data bus comparisons. If RWAEN = 1 (enabled) and RWA = 0 (write), the CPU’s write data bus is used. Otherwise, the CPU’s read data bus is used. The currently selected trigger mode determines what the debugger logic does when a comparator detects a qualified match condition. A match can cause: • Generation of a breakpoint to the CPU • Storage of data bus values into the FIFO • Starting to store change-of-flow addresses into the FIFO (begin type trace) • Stopping the storage of change-of-flow addresses into the FIFO (end type trace) 17.3.2 Bus Capture Information and FIFO Operation The usual way to use the FIFO is to setup the trigger mode and other control options, then arm the debugger. When the FIFO has filled or the debugger has stopped storing data into the FIFO, you would read the information out of it in the order it was stored into the FIFO. Status bits indicate the number of words of valid information that are in the FIFO as data is stored into it. If a trace run is manually halted by writing 0 to ARM before the FIFO is full (CNT = 1:0:0:0), the information is shifted by one position and MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 271 Chapter 17 Development Support the host must perform ((8 – CNT) – 1) dummy reads of the FIFO to advance it to the first significant entry in the FIFO. In most trigger modes, the information stored in the FIFO consists of 16-bit change-of-flow addresses. In these cases, read DBGFH then DBGFL to get one coherent word of information out of the FIFO. Reading DBGFL (the low-order byte of the FIFO data port) causes the FIFO to shift so the next word of information is available at the FIFO data port. In the event-only trigger modes (see Section 17.3.5, “Trigger Modes”), 8-bit data information is stored into the FIFO. In these cases, the high-order half of the FIFO (DBGFH) is not used and data is read out of the FIFO by simply reading DBGFL. Each time DBGFL is read, the FIFO is shifted so the next data value is available through the FIFO data port at DBGFL. In trigger modes where the FIFO is storing change-of-flow addresses, there is a delay between CPU addresses and the input side of the FIFO. Because of this delay, if the trigger event itself is a change-of-flow address or a change-of-flow address appears during the next two bus cycles after a trigger event starts the FIFO, it will not be saved into the FIFO. In the case of an end-trace, if the trigger event is a change-of-flow, it will be saved as the last change-of-flow entry for that debug run. The FIFO can also be used to generate a profile of executed instruction addresses when the debugger is not armed. When ARM = 0, reading DBGFL causes the address of the most-recently fetched opcode to be saved in the FIFO. To use the profiling feature, a host debugger would read addresses out of the FIFO by reading DBGFH then DBGFL at regular periodic intervals. The first eight values would be discarded because they correspond to the eight DBGFL reads needed to initially fill the FIFO. Additional periodic reads of DBGFH and DBGFL return delayed information about executed instructions so the host debugger can develop a profile of executed instruction addresses. 17.3.3 Change-of-Flow Information To minimize the amount of information stored in the FIFO, only information related to instructions that cause a change to the normal sequential execution of instructions is stored. With knowledge of the source and object code program stored in the target system, an external debugger system can reconstruct the path of execution through many instructions from the change-of-flow information stored in the FIFO. For conditional branch instructions where the branch is taken (branch condition was true), the source address is stored (the address of the conditional branch opcode). Because BRA and BRN instructions are not conditional, these events do not cause change-of-flow information to be stored in the FIFO. Indirect JMP and JSR instructions use the current contents of the H:X index register pair to determine the destination address, so the debug system stores the run-time destination address for any indirect JMP or JSR. For interrupts, RTI, or RTS, the destination address is stored in the FIFO as change-of-flow information. 17.3.4 Tag vs. Force Breakpoints and Triggers Tagging is a term that refers to identifying an instruction opcode as it is fetched into the instruction queue, but not taking any other action until and unless that instruction is actually executed by the CPU. This distinction is important because any change-of-flow from a jump, branch, subroutine call, or interrupt causes some instructions that have been fetched into the instruction queue to be thrown away without being executed. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 272 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support A force-type breakpoint waits for the current instruction to finish and then acts upon the breakpoint request. The usual action in response to a breakpoint is to go to active background mode rather than continuing to the next instruction in the user application program. The tag vs. force terminology is used in two contexts within the debug module. The first context refers to breakpoint requests from the debug module to the CPU. The second refers to match signals from the comparators to the debugger control logic. When a tag-type break request is sent to the CPU, a signal is entered into the instruction queue along with the opcode so that if/when this opcode ever executes, the CPU will effectively replace the tagged opcode with a BGND opcode so the CPU goes to active background mode rather than executing the tagged instruction. When the TRGSEL control bit in the DBGT register is set to select tag-type operation, the output from comparator A or B is qualified by a block of logic in the debug module that tracks opcodes and only produces a trigger to the debugger if the opcode at the compare address is actually executed. There is separate opcode tracking logic for each comparator so more than one compare event can be tracked through the instruction queue at a time. 17.3.5 Trigger Modes The trigger mode controls the overall behavior of a debug run. The 4-bit TRG field in the DBGT register selects one of nine trigger modes. When TRGSEL = 1 in the DBGT register, the output of the comparator must propagate through an opcode tracking circuit before triggering FIFO actions. The BEGIN bit in DBGT chooses whether the FIFO begins storing data when the qualified trigger is detected (begin trace), or the FIFO stores data in a circular fashion from the time it is armed until the qualified trigger is detected (end trigger). A debug run is started by writing a 1 to the ARM bit in the DBGC register, which sets the ARMF flag and clears the AF and BF flags and the CNT bits in DBGS. A begin-trace debug run ends when the FIFO gets full. An end-trace run ends when the selected trigger event occurs. Any debug run can be stopped manually by writing a 0 to ARM or DBGEN in DBGC. In all trigger modes except event-only modes, the FIFO stores change-of-flow addresses. In event-only trigger modes, the FIFO stores data in the low-order eight bits of the FIFO. The BEGIN control bit is ignored in event-only trigger modes and all such debug runs are begin type traces. When TRGSEL = 1 to select opcode fetch triggers, it is not necessary to use R/W in comparisons because opcode tags would only apply to opcode fetches that are always read cycles. It would also be unusual to specify TRGSEL = 1 while using a full mode trigger because the opcode value is normally known at a particular address. The following trigger mode descriptions only state the primary comparator conditions that lead to a trigger. Either comparator can usually be further qualified with R/W by setting RWAEN (RWBEN) and the corresponding RWA (RWB) value to be matched against R/W. The signal from the comparator with optional R/W qualification is used to request a CPU breakpoint if BRKEN = 1 and TAG determines whether the CPU request will be a tag request or a force request. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 273 Chapter 17 Development Support A-Only — Trigger when the address matches the value in comparator A A OR B — Trigger when the address matches either the value in comparator A or the value in comparator B A Then B — Trigger when the address matches the value in comparator B but only after the address for another cycle matched the value in comparator A. There can be any number of cycles after the A match and before the B match. A AND B Data (Full Mode) — This is called a full mode because address, data, and R/W (optionally) must match within the same bus cycle to cause a trigger event. Comparator A checks address, the low byte of comparator B checks data, and R/W is checked against RWA if RWAEN = 1. The high-order half of comparator B is not used. In full trigger modes it is not useful to specify a tag-type CPU breakpoint (BRKEN = TAG = 1), but if you do, the comparator B data match is ignored for the purpose of issuing the tag request to the CPU and the CPU breakpoint is issued when the comparator A address matches. A AND NOT B Data (Full Mode) — Address must match comparator A, data must not match the low half of comparator B, and R/W must match RWA if RWAEN = 1. All three conditions must be met within the same bus cycle to cause a trigger. In full trigger modes it is not useful to specify a tag-type CPU breakpoint (BRKEN = TAG = 1), but if you do, the comparator B data match is ignored for the purpose of issuing the tag request to the CPU and the CPU breakpoint is issued when the comparator A address matches. Event-Only B (Store Data) — Trigger events occur each time the address matches the value in comparator B. Trigger events cause the data to be captured into the FIFO. The debug run ends when the FIFO becomes full. A Then Event-Only B (Store Data) — After the address has matched the value in comparator A, a trigger event occurs each time the address matches the value in comparator B. Trigger events cause the data to be captured into the FIFO. The debug run ends when the FIFO becomes full. Inside Range (A ≤ Address ≤ B) — A trigger occurs when the address is greater than or equal to the value in comparator A and less than or equal to the value in comparator B at the same time. Outside Range (Address < A or Address > B) — A trigger occurs when the address is either less than the value in comparator A or greater than the value in comparator B. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 274 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support 17.3.6 Hardware Breakpoints The BRKEN control bit in the DBGC register may be set to 1 to allow any of the trigger conditions described in Section 17.3.5, “Trigger Modes,” to be used to generate a hardware breakpoint request to the CPU. TAG in DBGC controls whether the breakpoint request will be treated as a tag-type breakpoint or a force-type breakpoint. A tag breakpoint causes the current opcode to be marked as it enters the instruction queue. If a tagged opcode reaches the end of the pipe, the CPU executes a BGND instruction to go to active background mode rather than executing the tagged opcode. A force-type breakpoint causes the CPU to finish the current instruction and then go to active background mode. If the background mode has not been enabled (ENBDM = 1) by a serial WRITE_CONTROL command through the BKGD pin, the CPU will execute an SWI instruction instead of going to active background mode. 17.4 Register Definition This section contains the descriptions of the BDC and DBG registers and control bits. Refer to the high-page register summary in the device overview chapter of this data sheet for the absolute address assignments for all DBG registers. This section refers to registers and control bits only by their names. A Freescale-provided equate or header file is used to translate these names into the appropriate absolute addresses. 17.4.1 BDC Registers and Control Bits The BDC has two registers: • The BDC status and control register (BDCSCR) is an 8-bit register containing control and status bits for the background debug controller. • The BDC breakpoint match register (BDCBKPT) holds a 16-bit breakpoint match address. These registers are accessed with dedicated serial BDC commands and are not located in the memory space of the target MCU (so they do not have addresses and cannot be accessed by user programs). Some of the bits in the BDCSCR have write limitations; otherwise, these registers may be read or written at any time. For example, the ENBDM control bit may not be written while the MCU is in active background mode. (This prevents the ambiguous condition of the control bit forbidding active background mode while the MCU is already in active background mode.) Also, the four status bits (BDMACT, WS, WSF, and DVF) are read-only status indicators and can never be written by the WRITE_CONTROL serial BDC command. The clock switch (CLKSW) control bit may be read or written at any time. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 275 Chapter 17 Development Support 17.4.1.1 BDC Status and Control Register (BDCSCR) This register can be read or written by serial BDC commands (READ_STATUS and WRITE_CONTROL) but is not accessible to user programs because it is not located in the normal memory map of the MCU. 7 R 6 5 4 3 BKPTEN FTS CLKSW BDMACT ENBDM 2 1 0 WS WSF DVF W Normal Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reset in Active BDM: 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 17-5. BDC Status and Control Register (BDCSCR) Table 17-2. BDCSCR Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7 ENBDM Enable BDM (Permit Active Background Mode) — Typically, this bit is written to 1 by the debug host shortly after the beginning of a debug session or whenever the debug host resets the target and remains 1 until a normal reset clears it. 0 BDM cannot be made active (non-intrusive commands still allowed) 1 BDM can be made active to allow active background mode commands 6 BDMACT Background Mode Active Status — This is a read-only status bit. 0 BDM not active (user application program running) 1 BDM active and waiting for serial commands 5 BKPTEN BDC Breakpoint Enable — If this bit is clear, the BDC breakpoint is disabled and the FTS (force tag select) control bit and BDCBKPT match register are ignored. 0 BDC breakpoint disabled 1 BDC breakpoint enabled 4 FTS 3 CLKSW Force/Tag Select — When FTS = 1, a breakpoint is requested whenever the CPU address bus matches the BDCBKPT match register. When FTS = 0, a match between the CPU address bus and the BDCBKPT register causes the fetched opcode to be tagged. If this tagged opcode ever reaches the end of the instruction queue, the CPU enters active background mode rather than executing the tagged opcode. 0 Tag opcode at breakpoint address and enter active background mode if CPU attempts to execute that instruction 1 Breakpoint match forces active background mode at next instruction boundary (address need not be an opcode) Select Source for BDC Communications Clock — CLKSW defaults to 0, which selects the alternate BDC clock source. 0 Alternate BDC clock source 1 MCU bus clock MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 276 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support Table 17-2. BDCSCR Register Field Descriptions (continued) Field Description 2 WS Wait or Stop Status — When the target CPU is in wait or stop mode, most BDC commands cannot function. However, the BACKGROUND command can be used to force the target CPU out of wait or stop and into active background mode where all BDC commands work. Whenever the host forces the target MCU into active background mode, the host should issue a READ_STATUS command to check that BDMACT = 1 before attempting other BDC commands. 0 Target CPU is running user application code or in active background mode (was not in wait or stop mode when background became active) 1 Target CPU is in wait or stop mode, or a BACKGROUND command was used to change from wait or stop to active background mode 1 WSF Wait or Stop Failure Status — This status bit is set if a memory access command failed due to the target CPU executing a wait or stop instruction at or about the same time. The usual recovery strategy is to issue a BACKGROUND command to get out of wait or stop mode into active background mode, repeat the command that failed, then return to the user program. (Typically, the host would restore CPU registers and stack values and re-execute the wait or stop instruction.) 0 Memory access did not conflict with a wait or stop instruction 1 Memory access command failed because the CPU entered wait or stop mode 0 DVF Data Valid Failure Status — This status bit is not used in the MC9S08SH32 Series because it does not have any slow access memory. 0 Memory access did not conflict with a slow memory access 1 Memory access command failed because CPU was not finished with a slow memory access 17.4.1.2 BDC Breakpoint Match Register (BDCBKPT) This 16-bit register holds the address for the hardware breakpoint in the BDC. The BKPTEN and FTS control bits in BDCSCR are used to enable and configure the breakpoint logic. Dedicated serial BDC commands (READ_BKPT and WRITE_BKPT) are used to read and write the BDCBKPT register but is not accessible to user programs because it is not located in the normal memory map of the MCU. Breakpoints are normally set while the target MCU is in active background mode before running the user application program. For additional information about setup and use of the hardware breakpoint logic in the BDC, refer to Section 17.2.4, “BDC Hardware Breakpoint.” 17.4.2 System Background Debug Force Reset Register (SBDFR) This register contains a single write-only control bit. A serial background mode command such as WRITE_BYTE must be used to write to SBDFR. Attempts to write this register from a user program are ignored. Reads always return 0x00. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 277 Chapter 17 Development Support R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BDFR1 W Reset 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved 1 BDFR is writable only through serial background mode debug commands, not from user programs. Figure 17-6. System Background Debug Force Reset Register (SBDFR) Table 17-3. SBDFR Register Field Description Field Description 0 BDFR Background Debug Force Reset — A serial active background mode command such as WRITE_BYTE allows an external debug host to force a target system reset. Writing 1 to this bit forces an MCU reset. This bit cannot be written from a user program. 17.4.3 DBG Registers and Control Bits The debug module includes nine bytes of register space for three 16-bit registers and three 8-bit control and status registers. These registers are located in the high register space of the normal memory map so they are accessible to normal application programs. These registers are rarely if ever accessed by normal user application programs with the possible exception of a ROM patching mechanism that uses the breakpoint logic. 17.4.3.1 Debug Comparator A High Register (DBGCAH) This register contains compare value bits for the high-order eight bits of comparator A. This register is forced to 0x00 at reset and can be read at any time or written at any time unless ARM = 1. 17.4.3.2 Debug Comparator A Low Register (DBGCAL) This register contains compare value bits for the low-order eight bits of comparator A. This register is forced to 0x00 at reset and can be read at any time or written at any time unless ARM = 1. 17.4.3.3 Debug Comparator B High Register (DBGCBH) This register contains compare value bits for the high-order eight bits of comparator B. This register is forced to 0x00 at reset and can be read at any time or written at any time unless ARM = 1. 17.4.3.4 Debug Comparator B Low Register (DBGCBL) This register contains compare value bits for the low-order eight bits of comparator B. This register is forced to 0x00 at reset and can be read at any time or written at any time unless ARM = 1. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 278 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support 17.4.3.5 Debug FIFO High Register (DBGFH) This register provides read-only access to the high-order eight bits of the FIFO. Writes to this register have no meaning or effect. In the event-only trigger modes, the FIFO only stores data into the low-order byte of each FIFO word, so this register is not used and will read 0x00. Reading DBGFH does not cause the FIFO to shift to the next word. When reading 16-bit words out of the FIFO, read DBGFH before reading DBGFL because reading DBGFL causes the FIFO to advance to the next word of information. 17.4.3.6 Debug FIFO Low Register (DBGFL) This register provides read-only access to the low-order eight bits of the FIFO. Writes to this register have no meaning or effect. Reading DBGFL causes the FIFO to shift to the next available word of information. When the debug module is operating in event-only modes, only 8-bit data is stored into the FIFO (high-order half of each FIFO word is unused). When reading 8-bit words out of the FIFO, simply read DBGFL repeatedly to get successive bytes of data from the FIFO. It isn’t necessary to read DBGFH in this case. Do not attempt to read data from the FIFO while it is still armed (after arming but before the FIFO is filled or ARMF is cleared) because the FIFO is prevented from advancing during reads of DBGFL. This can interfere with normal sequencing of reads from the FIFO. Reading DBGFL while the debugger is not armed causes the address of the most-recently fetched opcode to be stored to the last location in the FIFO. By reading DBGFH then DBGFL periodically, external host software can develop a profile of program execution. After eight reads from the FIFO, the ninth read will return the information that was stored as a result of the first read. To use the profiling feature, read the FIFO eight times without using the data to prime the sequence and then begin using the data to get a delayed picture of what addresses were being executed. The information stored into the FIFO on reads of DBGFL (while the FIFO is not armed) is the address of the most-recently fetched opcode. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 279 Chapter 17 Development Support 17.4.3.7 Debug Control Register (DBGC) This register can be read or written at any time. 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 DBGEN ARM TAG BRKEN RWA RWAEN RWB RWBEN 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 R W Reset Figure 17-7. Debug Control Register (DBGC) Table 17-4. DBGC Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7 DBGEN Debug Module Enable — Used to enable the debug module. DBGEN cannot be set to 1 if the MCU is secure. 0 DBG disabled 1 DBG enabled 6 ARM Arm Control — Controls whether the debugger is comparing and storing information in the FIFO. A write is used to set this bit (and ARMF) and completion of a debug run automatically clears it. Any debug run can be manually stopped by writing 0 to ARM or to DBGEN. 0 Debugger not armed 1 Debugger armed 5 TAG Tag/Force Select — Controls whether break requests to the CPU will be tag or force type requests. If BRKEN = 0, this bit has no meaning or effect. 0 CPU breaks requested as force type requests 1 CPU breaks requested as tag type requests 4 BRKEN Break Enable — Controls whether a trigger event will generate a break request to the CPU. Trigger events can cause information to be stored in the FIFO without generating a break request to the CPU. For an end trace, CPU break requests are issued to the CPU when the comparator(s) and R/W meet the trigger requirements. For a begin trace, CPU break requests are issued when the FIFO becomes full. TRGSEL does not affect the timing of CPU break requests. 0 CPU break requests not enabled 1 Triggers cause a break request to the CPU 3 RWA R/W Comparison Value for Comparator A — When RWAEN = 1, this bit determines whether a read or a write access qualifies comparator A. When RWAEN = 0, RWA and the R/W signal do not affect comparator A. 0 Comparator A can only match on a write cycle 1 Comparator A can only match on a read cycle 2 RWAEN Enable R/W for Comparator A — Controls whether the level of R/W is considered for a comparator A match. 0 R/W is not used in comparison A 1 R/W is used in comparison A 1 RWB R/W Comparison Value for Comparator B — When RWBEN = 1, this bit determines whether a read or a write access qualifies comparator B. When RWBEN = 0, RWB and the R/W signal do not affect comparator B. 0 Comparator B can match only on a write cycle 1 Comparator B can match only on a read cycle 0 RWBEN Enable R/W for Comparator B — Controls whether the level of R/W is considered for a comparator B match. 0 R/W is not used in comparison B 1 R/W is used in comparison B MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 280 Freescale Semiconductor Chapter 17 Development Support 17.4.3.8 Debug Trigger Register (DBGT) This register can be read any time, but may be written only if ARM = 0, except bits 4 and 5 are hard-wired to 0s. 7 6 TRGSEL BEGIN 0 0 R 5 4 0 0 3 2 1 0 TRG3 TRG2 TRG1 TRG0 0 0 0 0 W Reset 0 0 = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 17-8. Debug Trigger Register (DBGT) Table 17-5. DBGT Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7 TRGSEL Trigger Type — Controls whether the match outputs from comparators A and B are qualified with the opcode tracking logic in the debug module. If TRGSEL is set, a match signal from comparator A or B must propagate through the opcode tracking logic and a trigger event is only signalled to the FIFO logic if the opcode at the match address is actually executed. 0 Trigger on access to compare address (force) 1 Trigger if opcode at compare address is executed (tag) 6 BEGIN Begin/End Trigger Select — Controls whether the FIFO starts filling at a trigger or fills in a circular manner until a trigger ends the capture of information. In event-only trigger modes, this bit is ignored and all debug runs are assumed to be begin traces. 0 Data stored in FIFO until trigger (end trace) 1 Trigger initiates data storage (begin trace) 3:0 TRG[3:0] Select Trigger Mode — Selects one of nine triggering modes, as described below. 0000 A-only 0001 A OR B 0010 A Then B 0011 Event-only B (store data) 0100 A then event-only B (store data) 0101 A AND B data (full mode) 0110 A AND NOT B data (full mode) 0111 Inside range: A ≤ address ≤ B 1000 Outside range: address < A or address > B 1001 – 1111 (No trigger) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 281 Chapter 17 Development Support 17.4.3.9 Debug Status Register (DBGS) This is a read-only status register. R 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 AF BF ARMF 0 CNT3 CNT2 CNT1 CNT0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 W Reset = Unimplemented or Reserved Figure 17-9. Debug Status Register (DBGS) Table 17-6. DBGS Register Field Descriptions Field Description 7 AF Trigger Match A Flag — AF is cleared at the start of a debug run and indicates whether a trigger match A condition was met since arming. 0 Comparator A has not matched 1 Comparator A match 6 BF Trigger Match B Flag — BF is cleared at the start of a debug run and indicates whether a trigger match B condition was met since arming. 0 Comparator B has not matched 1 Comparator B match 5 ARMF Arm Flag — While DBGEN = 1, this status bit is a read-only image of ARM in DBGC. This bit is set by writing 1 to the ARM control bit in DBGC (while DBGEN = 1) and is automatically cleared at the end of a debug run. A debug run is completed when the FIFO is full (begin trace) or when a trigger event is detected (end trace). A debug run can also be ended manually by writing 0 to ARM or DBGEN in DBGC. 0 Debugger not armed 1 Debugger armed 3:0 CNT[3:0] FIFO Valid Count — These bits are cleared at the start of a debug run and indicate the number of words of valid data in the FIFO at the end of a debug run. The value in CNT does not decrement as data is read out of the FIFO. The external debug host is responsible for keeping track of the count as information is read out of the FIFO. 0000 Number of valid words in FIFO = No valid data 0001 Number of valid words in FIFO = 1 0010 Number of valid words in FIFO = 2 0011 Number of valid words in FIFO = 3 0100 Number of valid words in FIFO = 4 0101 Number of valid words in FIFO = 5 0110 Number of valid words in FIFO = 6 0111 Number of valid words in FIFO = 7 1000 Number of valid words in FIFO = 8 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 282 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.1 Introduction This section contains electrical and timing specifications for the MC9S08SH32 Series of microcontrollers available at the time of publication. A.2 Parameter Classification The electrical parameters shown in this supplement are guaranteed by various methods. To give the customer a better understanding, the following classification is used and the parameters are tagged accordingly in the tables where appropriate: Table A-1. Parameter Classifications P Those parameters are guaranteed during production testing on each individual device. C Those parameters are achieved through the design characterization by measuring a statistically relevant sample size across process variations. T Those parameters are achieved by design characterization on a small sample size from typical devices under typical conditions unless otherwise noted. All values shown in the typical column are within this category. D Those parameters are derived mainly from simulations. NOTE The classification is shown in the column labeled “C” in the parameter tables where appropriate. A.3 Absolute Maximum Ratings Absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only, and functional operation at the maxima is not guaranteed. Stress beyond the limits specified in Table A-2 may affect device reliability or cause permanent damage to the device. For functional operating conditions, refer to the remaining tables in this section. This device contains circuitry protecting against damage due to high static voltage or electrical fields; however, it is advised that normal precautions be taken to avoid application of any voltages higher than maximum-rated voltages to this high-impedance circuit. Reliability of operation is enhanced if unused MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 283 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics inputs are tied to an appropriate logic voltage level (for instance, either VSS or VDD) or the programmable pull-up resistor associated with the pin is enabled. Table A-2. Absolute Maximum Ratings Rating # Symbol Value Unit 1 Supply voltage VDD –0.3 to +5.8 V 2 Maximum current into VDD IDD 120 mA 3 Digital input voltage VIn –0.3 to VDD + 0.3 V 4 Instantaneous maximum current Single pin limit (applies to all port pins)1, 2, 3 ID ± 25 mA 5 Storage temperature range Tstg –55 to 150 °C 1 Input must be current limited to the value specified. To determine the value of the required current-limiting resistor, calculate resistance values for positive (VDD) and negative (VSS) clamp voltages, then use the larger of the two resistance values. 2 All functional non-supply pins except PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET are internally clamped to V SS and VDD. 3 Power supply must maintain regulation within operating V DD range during instantaneous and operating maximum current conditions. If positive injection current (VIn > VDD) is greater than IDD, the injection current may flow out of VDD and could result in external power supply going out of regulation. Ensure external VDD load will shunt current greater than maximum injection current. This will be the greatest risk when the MCU is not consuming power. Examples are: if no system clock is present, or if the clock rate is very low (which would reduce overall power consumption). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 284 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.4 Thermal Characteristics This section provides information about operating temperature range, power dissipation, and package thermal resistance. Power dissipation on I/O pins is usually small compared to the power dissipation in on-chip logic and voltage regulator circuits, and it is user-determined rather than being controlled by the MCU design. To take PI/O into account in power calculations, determine the difference between actual pin voltage and VSS or VDD and multiply by the pin current for each I/O pin. Except in cases of unusually high pin current (heavy loads), the difference between pin voltage and VSS or VDD will be very small. Table A-3. Thermal Characteristics # C — 1 Rating Symbol Value Unit TA –40 to 125 °C Operating temperature range (packaged) Temperature Code M Temperature Code C –40 to 85 Thermal resistance, Single-layer board 2 D 28-pin TSSOP θJA 72 28-pin SOIC 57 20-pin TSSOP 94 16-pin TSSOP 108 °C/W Thermal resistance, Four-layer board 3 4 D D 28-pin TSSOP θJA 51 28-pin SOIC 42 20-pin TSSOP 68 16-pin TSSOP 78 Maximum junction temperature TJ 135 °C/W °C MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 285 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics The average chip-junction temperature (TJ) in °C can be obtained from: TJ = TA + (PD × θJA) Eqn. A-1 where: TA = Ambient temperature, °C θJA = Package thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient, °C/W PD = Pint + PI/O Pint = IDD × VDD, Watts — chip internal power PI/O = Power dissipation on input and output pins — user determined For most applications, PI/O VSS 0 — 100 mA VIH 5V 0.65 x VDD — — V 3V 0.7 x VDD — — V 5V — — 0.35 x VDD V 3V — — 0.35 x VDD V |IIn| — 0.06 x VDD — — V VIn = VDD or VSS — — 1 μA |IOZ| VIn = VDD or VSS; temperature — — 1 μA VIn = VDD or VSS — — 2 μA — 17 37 52 kΩ — 17 37 52 kΩ Max total IOL for all ports Output D low current P Input high voltage; all digital inputs C P Input low voltage; all digital inputs VIL C 8 C Input hysteresis 9 P Input leakage current (per pin) Vhys Hi-Z (off-state) leakage current (per pin) 10 P input/output port pins PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET, PTB6/SDA/XTAL pins Pullup or Pulldown2 resistors; when enabled 11 P C I/O pins RPU,RPD 3 PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET RPU MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 288 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics Table A-6. DC Characteristics (continued) # C Characteristic DC injection current Symbol 13 Min Typ1 Max Unit VIN > VDD 0 — 2 mA 4, 5, 6, 7 Single pin limit 12 Condition VIN < VSS, 0 — –0.2 mA Total MCU limit, includes VIN > VDD 0 — 25 mA sum of all stressed pins VIN < VSS, 0 — –5 mA CIn — — — 8 pF D IIC D Input Capacitance, all pins 14 D RAM retention voltage VRAM — — 0.6 1.0 V 15 D POR re-arm voltage8 VPOR — 0.9 1.4 2.0 V tPOR — 10 — — μs 3.9 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.1 4.2 V 2.48 2.54 2.56 2.62 2.64 2.70 V 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.8 V 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 V 2.84 2.90 2.92 2.98 3.00 3.06 V 2.66 2.72 2.74 2.80 2.82 2.88 V — 100 — mV 9 16 D POR re-arm time 17 Low-voltage detection threshold — high range P VDD falling VDD rising 18 19 20 21 22 Low-voltage detection threshold — low range P VDD falling VDD rising Low-voltage warning threshold — high range 1 P VDD falling VDD rising Low-voltage warning threshold — high range 0 P VDD falling VDD rising Low-voltage warning threshold low range 1 P VDD falling VDD rising Low-voltage warning threshold — low range 0 P VDD falling VDD rising Low-voltage inhibit reset/recover hysteresis 23 T 24 P Bandgap Voltage Reference10 VLVD1 VLVD0 VLVW3 VLVW2 VLVW1 VLVW0 Vhys VBG — — — — — — 5V 3V — 60 — mV — 1.18 1.202 1.21 V 1 Typical values are measured at 25°C. Characterized, not tested When IRQ or a pin interrupt is configured to detect rising edges, pulldown resistors are used in place of pullup resistors. 3 The specified resistor value is the actual value internal to the device. The pullup value may measure higher when measured externally on the pin. 4 Power supply must maintain regulation within operating V DD range during instantaneous and operating maximum current conditions. If positive injection current (VIn > VDD) is greater than IDD, the injection current may flow out of VDD and could result in external power supply going out of regulation. Ensure external VDD load will shunt current greater than maximum injection current. This will be the greatest risk when the MCU is not consuming power. Examples are: if no system clock is present, or if clock rate is very low (which would reduce overall power consumption). 5 All functional non-supply pins except PTA5/IRQ/TCLK/RESET are internally clamped to V SS and VDD. 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 289 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics 6 Input must be current limited to the value specified. To determine the value of the required current-limiting resistor, calculate resistance values for positive and negative clamp voltages, then use the larger of the two values. 7 The RESET pin does not have a clamp diode to VDD. Do not drive this pin above VDD. 8 Maximum is highest voltage that POR is guaranteed. 9 Simulated, not tested. 10 Factory trimmed at VDD = 5.0 V, Temp = 25°C. 1.0 2 125°C 25°C –40°C 0.8 VOL (V) VOL (V) 1.5 1 0.5 0 125°C 25°C –40°C Max 1.5V@20mA Max 0.8V@5mA 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 5 10 15 20 IOL (mA) a) VDD = 5V, High Drive 0 25 0 2 4 6 IOL (mA) b) VDD = 3V, High Drive 8 10 Figure A-1. Typical VOL vs IOL, High Drive Strength 1.0 2 125°C 25°C –40°C 0.8 VOL (V) VOL (V) 1.5 1 0.5 0 125°C 25°C –40°C Max 1.5V@4mA Max 0.8V@1mA 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1 2 3 IOL (mA) a) VDD = 5V, Low Drive 4 5 0 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 IOL (mA) b) VDD = 3V, Low Drive 2.0 Figure A-2. Typical VOL vs IOL, Low Drive Strength MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 290 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics 1.0 2 125°C 25°C –40°C 0.8 VDD – VOH (V) VDD – VOH (V) 1.5 1 0.5 0 125°C 25°C –40°C Max 1.5V@20mA Max 0.8V@5mA 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 –5 –10 –15 –20 IOH (mA) a) VDD = 5V, High Drive 0 –25 0 –2 –4 –6 –8 IOH (mA) b) VDD = 3V, High Drive –10 Figure A-3. Typical VDD – VOH vs IOH, High Drive Strength 2 1.0 125°C 25°C –40°C 0.8 VDD – VOH (V) VDD – VOH (V) 1.5 1 0.5 0 125°C 25°C –40°C Max 1.5V@4mA Max 0.8V@1mA 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 –1 –2 –3 IOH (mA) a) VDD = 5V, Low Drive –4 –5 0 0 –0.4 –0.8 –1.2 –1.6 IOH (mA) b) VDD = 3V, Low Drive –2.0 Figure A-4. Typical VDD – VOH vs IOH, Low Drive Strength MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 291 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.7 Supply Current Characteristics This section includes information about power supply current in various operating modes. Table A-7. Supply Current Characteristics # VDD (V) Typ1 Max2 Unit 5 1.4 3 mA 3 1.3 2.5 mA 5 4.7 7.5 mA 3 4.6 7 mA 5 8.9 10 mA 3 8.7 9.6 mA –40°C (C and M suffix) 0.96 – μA P 25°C (All parts) 1.3 – μA P5 85°C (C suffix only) 16.9 35 μA P5 125°C (M suffix only) 84 150 μA C –40°C (C and M suffix) 0.85 – μA P 25°C (All parts) 1.2 – μA 5 85°C (C suffix only) 14.8 30 μA P5 125°C (M suffix only) 75 130 μA C C 1 2 C P C C 3 C Parameter Symbol 3 Run supply current measured at (CPU clock = 4 MHz, fBus = 2 MHz) Run supply current3 measured at (CPU clock = 16 MHz, fBus = 8 MHz) RIDD RIDD 4 Run supply current measured at (CPU clock = 32 MHz, fBus = 16MHz) RIDD Stop3 mode supply current 4 P 5 S3IDD 3 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 292 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics Table A-7. Supply Current Characteristics (continued) # C Parameter Symbol VDD (V) Typ1 Max2 Unit Stop2 mode supply current 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 –40°C (C and Msuffix) 0.94 – μA P 25°C (All parts) 1.25 – μA P5 85°C (C suffix only) 13.4 30 μA P5 125°C (M suffix only) 65 120 μA C –40°C (C and Msuffix) 0.83 – μA P 25°C (All parts) 1.1 – μA P5 85°C (C suffix only) 11.5 25 μA P5 125°C (M suffix only) 57 100 μA 5 300 500 nA 3 300 500 nA 5 110 180 μA 3 90 160 μA 5,3 5 8 μA 6 C 7 C 8 1 C C RTC adder to stop2 or stop36 S2IDD 3 S23IDDRTI LVD adder to stop3 (LVDE = LVDSE = 1) Adder to stop3 for oscillator enabled (EREFSTEN =1) 5 S3IDDLVD 7 S3IDDOSC Typical values are based on characterization data at 25°C. See Figure A-5 through Figure A-7 for typical curves across temperature and voltage. Max values in this column apply for the full operating temperature range of the device unless otherwise noted. All modules except ADC active, ICS configured for FBELP, and does not include any dc loads on port pins All modules except ADC active, ICS configured for FEI, and does not include any dc loads on port pins Stop Currents are tested in production for 25 Con all parts. Tests at other temperatures depend upon the part number suffix and maturity of the product. Freescale may eliminate a test insertion at a particular temperature from the production test flow once sufficient data has been collected and is approved. Most customers are expected to find that auto-wakeup from stop2 or stop3 can be used instead of the higher current wait mode. Values given under the following conditions: low range operation (RANGE = 0) with a 32.768kHz crystal and low power mode (HGO = 0). MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 293 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics 12 FEI FBELP 10 Run IDD (mA) 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2 4 8 20 16 fbus (MHz) Figure A-5. Typical Run IDD vs. Bus Frequency (VDD = 5V) 6 RUN 5 Run IDD (mA) 4 3 WAIT 2 1 0 –40 0 25 Temperature (°C) 85 105 125 Figure A-6. Typical Run and Wait IDD vs. Temperature (VDD = 5V; fbus = 8MHz) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 294 Freescale Semiconductor STOP IDD (µA) Appendix A Electrical Characteristics 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 –40 0 25 Temperature (°C) 85 105 125 Figure A-7. Typical Stop IDD vs. Temperature (VDD = 5V) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 295 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.8 External Oscillator (XOSC) Characteristics Table A-8. Oscillator Electrical Specifications (Temperature Range = –40 to 125°C Ambient) # C Rating Symbol Min Typ1 Max Unit flo 32 — 38.4 kHz Oscillator crystal or resonator (EREFS = 1, ERCLKEN = 1) Low range (RANGE = 0) 1 C 2 fhi 1 — 5 MHz High range (RANGE = 1, HGO = 1) FBELP mode fhi-hgo 1 — 16 MHz High range (RANGE = 1, HGO = 0) FBELP mode fhi-lp 1 — 8 MHz High range (RANGE = 1) FEE or FBE mode 2 — Load capacitors 3 — C1, C2 See crystal or resonator manufacturer’s recommendation. Feedback resistor RF Low range (32 kHz to 100 kHz) High range (1 MHz to 16 MHz) — 10 — MΩ — 1 — MΩ Series resistor 4 — Low range, low gain (RANGE = 0, HGO = 0) — 0 — kΩ Low range, high gain (RANGE = 0, HGO = 1) — 100 — kΩ — 0 — kΩ High range, low gain (RANGE = 1, HGO = 0) High range, high gain (RANGE = 1, HGO = 1) RS ≥ 8 MHz — 0 0 kΩ 4 MHz — 0 10 kΩ 1 MHz — 0 20 kΩ Crystal start-up time 3 5 T Low range, low gain (RANGE = 0, HGO = 0) t CSTL-LP — 200 — ms Low range, high gain (RANGE = 0, HGO = 1) t CSTL-HGO — 400 — ms t CSTH-LP — 5 — ms t CSTH-HGO — 20 — ms High range, low gain (RANGE = 1, HGO = 0)4 4 High range, high gain (RANGE = 1, HGO = 1) Square wave input clock frequency (EREFS = 0, ERCLKEN = 1) 6 T FEE or FBE mode 2 FBELP mode fextal 0.03125 — 5 MHz 0 — 40 MHz 1 Typical data was characterized at 5.0 V, 25°C or is recommended value. The input clock source must be divided using RDIV to within the range of 31.25 kHz to 39.0625 kHz. 3 Characterized and not tested on each device. Proper PC board layout procedures must be followed to achieve specifications. 4 4 MHz crystal 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 296 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics EXTAL MCU RF C1 Crystal or Resonator XTAL RS C2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 297 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.9 Internal Clock Source (ICS) Characteristics Table A-9. ICS Frequency Specifications (Temperature Range = –40 to 125°C Ambient) # C Rating Symbol Min Typical Max Unit 1 P Internal reference frequency — factory trimmed at VDD = 5 V and temperature = 25°C fint_ft — 31.25 — kHz 2 T Internal reference frequency — untrimmed1 fint_ut 25 36 41.66 kHz 3 P Internal reference frequency — trimmed fint_t 31.25 — 39.0625 kHz D Internal reference startup time tirefst — 55 100 μs 4 1 5 DCO output frequency range — untrimmed — value provided for reference: fdco_ut = 1024 x fint_ut fdco_ut 25.6 36.86 42.66 MHz 6 D DCO output frequency range — trimmed fdco_t 32 — 40 MHz 7 D — ± 0.1 ± 0.2 %fdco 8 Resolution of trimmed DCO output frequency D at fixed voltage and temperature (not using FTRIM) Δfdco_res_t — ± 0.2 ± 0.4 %fdco 9 D Δfdco_t — + 0.5 – 1.0 ±2 %fdco 10 Total deviation of trimmed DCO output D frequency over fixed voltage and temperature range of 0°C to 70 °C Δfdco_t — ± 0.5 ±1 %fdco 11 D FLL acquisition time 2 tacquire — 1 ms 12 D CJitter — 0.2 %fdco Resolution of trimmed DCO output frequency Δfdco_res_t at fixed voltage and temperature (using FTRIM) Total deviation of trimmed DCO output frequency over voltage and temperature DCO output clock long term jitter (over 2 ms interval) 3 0.02 1 TRIM register at default value (0x80) and FTRIM control bit at default value (0x0). This specification applies to any time the FLL reference source or reference divider is changed, trim value changed or changing from FLL disabled (FBELP, FBILP) to FLL enabled (FEI, FEE, FBE, FBI). If a crystal/resonator is being used as the reference, this specification assumes it is already running. 3 Jitter is the average deviation from the programmed frequency measured over the specified interval at maximum fBUS. Measurements are made with the device powered by filtered supplies and clocked by a stable external clock signal. Noise injected into the FLL circuitry via VDD and VSS and variation in crystal oscillator frequency increase the CJitter percentage for a given interval. 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 298 Freescale Semiconductor Deviation from Trimmed Frequency Appendix A Electrical Characteristics +2% +1% 0 –1% –2% –40 0 25 Temperature (°C) 85 105 125 Figure A-8. Typical Frequency Deviation vs Temperature (ICS Trimmed to 16MHz bus@25°C, 5V, FEI)1 A.10 Analog Comparator (ACMP) Electricals Table A-10. Analog Comparator Electrical Specifications # C 1 — 2 C/T 3 Rating Symbol Min Typical Max Unit VDD 2.7 — 5.5 V Supply current (active) IDDAC — 20 35 μA D Analog input voltage VAIN VSS – 0.3 — VDD V 4 D Analog input offset voltage VAIO — 20 40 mV 5 D Analog Comparator hysteresis VH 3.0 6.0 20.0 mV 6 D Analog input leakage current IALKG — — 1.0 μA 7 D Analog Comparator initialization delay tAINIT — — 1.0 μs Supply voltage 1. Based on the average of several hundred units from a typical characterization lot. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 299 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.11 ADC Characteristics Table A-11. ADC Operating Conditions # Characteristic 1 Supply voltage 2 Conditions Absolute Input Voltage Symb Min Typ1 Max Unit VDDAD 2.7 — 5.5 V VADIN VREFL — VREF V Input Capacitance CADIN — 4.5 5.5 pF 4 Input Resistance RADIN — 3 5 kΩ — — — — 5 10 kΩ — — 10 kΩ 0.4 — 8.0 MHz 0.4 — 4.0 MHz 5 10 bit mode fADCK > 4MHz fADCK < 4MHz RAS 8 bit mode (all valid fADCK) 6 1 H 3 Analog Source Resistance ADC Conversion Clock Freq. High Speed (ADLPC=0) Low Power (ADLPC=1) fADCK Comment External to MCU Typical values assume VDDAD = VDD = 5.0V, Temp = 25°C, fADCK=1.0MHz unless otherwise stated. Typical values are for reference only and are not tested in production. SIMPLIFIED INPUT PIN EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT ZADIN Pad leakage due to input protection ZAS RAS SIMPLIFIED CHANNEL SELECT CIRCUIT RADIN ADC SAR ENGINE + VADIN VAS + – CAS – RADIN INPUT PIN INPUT PIN RADIN RADIN INPUT PIN CADIN Figure A-9. ADC Input Impedance Equivalency Diagram MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 300 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics Table A-12. ADC Characteristics # Characteristic Conditions ADLPC=1 ADLSMP=1 ADCO=1 ADLPC=1 ADLSMP=0 ADCO=1 C Symb Min Typ1 Max Unit Comment T IDD + IDDAD — 133 — μA ADC current only T IDD + IDDAD — 218 — μA ADC current only T IDD + IDDAD — 327 — μA ADC current only P IDD + IDDAD — 0.58 2 1 mA ADC current only 2 3.3 5 MHz tADACK = 1/fADACK 1 Supply current ADLPC=0 ADLSMP=1 ADCO=1 ADLPC=0 ADLSMP=0 ADCO=1 2 3 ADC asynchronous clock source High speed (ADLPC=0) Conversion time (including sample time) Short sample (ADLSMP=0) Sample time P Low power (ADLPC=1) D Long sample (ADLSMP=1) fADACK D Long sample (ADLSMP=1) 2 3.3 — 20 — ADCK cycles tADC Short sample (ADLSMP=0) 4 1.25 — 40 — — 3.5 — ADCK cycles tADS — 23.5 — — ±1 ±2.5 — ±0.5 ±1 — ±.5 ±3.5 — ±0.7 ±1.5 — ±.5 ±3.5 — ±0.7 ±1.5 See ADC Chapter for conversion time variances 28-pin packages only Total unadjusted error (includes quantization) 10-bit mode 8-bit mode P ETUE LSB2 20-pin packages 5 10-bit mode P 8-bit mode ETUE LSB2 16-pin packages 10-bit mode P 8-bit mode ETUE LSB2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 301 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics Table A-12. ADC Characteristics (continued) # 6 Characteristic Conditions Differential Non-Linearity C Symb P DNL 10-bit mode 8-bit mode Min Typ1 Max — ±0.5 ±1.0 — ±0.3 ±0.5 Unit Comment LSB2 Monotonicity and No-Missing-Codes guaranteed 7 Integral non-linearity 10-bit mode 8-bit mode T — ±0.5 ±1.0 — ±0.3 ±0.5 — ±0.5 ±1.5 — ±0.5 ±0.5 — ±1.5 ±2.5 — ±0.5 ±0.7 — ±1.5 ±2.5 — ±0.5 ±0.7 INL LSB2 28-pin packages only 10-bit mode Zero-scale error P EZS 8-bit mode LSB2 20-pin packages 10-bit mode 8 P EZS 8-bit mode LSB2 16-pin packages 10-bit mode 8-bit mode P EZS LSB2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 302 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics Table A-12. ADC Characteristics (continued) # Characteristic Conditions C Symb T EFS Min Typ1 Max Unit 0 ±0.5 ±1 LSB2 0 ±0.5 ±0.5 LSB2 0 ±1.0 ±1.5 LSB2 0 ±0.5 ±0.5 LSB2 0 ±1.0 ±1.5 LSB2 0 ±0.5 ±0.5 LSB2 — — ±0.5 LSB2 — — ±0.5 LSB2 0 ±0.2 ±2.5 LSB2 0 ±0.1 ±1 LSB2 — 3.26 6 — mV/°C — 3.63 8 — mV/°C — 1.39 6 — V Comment 28-pin packages only 10-bit mode Full-scale error 8-bit mode 20-pin packages 10-bit mode 8-bit mode T EFS 16-pin packages 10-bit mode 8-bit mode Quantization error EFS 10-bit mode D 8-bit mode Input leakage error Temp sensor slope T EQ 10-bit mode 8-bit mode D EIL -40°C to 25°C D m 25°C to 125°C Temp sensor voltage 25°C D Pad leakage3 * RAS VTEMP 25 1 Typical values assume VDD = 5.0 V, Temp = 25°C, fADCK = 1.0 MHz unless otherwise stated. Typical values are for reference only and are not tested in production. 2 1 LSB = (V N REFH - VREFL)/2 3 Based on input pad leakage current. Refer to pad electricals. MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 303 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.12 AC Characteristics This section describes ac timing characteristics for each peripheral system. A.12.1 Control Timing Table A-13. Control Timing Num C Rating Symbol 1 D Bus frequency (tcyc = 1/fBus) -40 °C to 125 °C 2 D Internal low power oscillator period -40 °C to 125 °C 2 fBus Min Typ1 Max Unit dc — 20 MHz tLPO 700 1500 μs 3 D External reset pulse width textrst 100 — ns 4 D Reset low drive3 trstdrv 66 x tcyc — ns tILIH, tIHIL 100 1.5 x tcyc — — ns tILIH, tIHIL 100 1.5 x tcyc — — ns — 40 — — 75 — — 11 — 5 D 6 D IRQ pulse width Asynchronous path2 Synchronous path4 Pin interrupt pulse width Asynchronous path2 Synchronous path4 Port rise and fall time — Low output drive (PTxDS = 0) (load = 50 pF)5 Slew rate control disabled (PTxSE = 0) 7 tRise, tFall Slew rate control enabled (PTxSE = 1) ns C Port rise and fall time — High output drive (PTxDS = 1) (load = 50 pF)5 Slew rate control disabled (PTxSE = 0) tRise, tFall Slew rate control enabled (PTxSE = 1) tRise, tFall ns — 35 — 1 Typical values are based on characterization data at VDD = 5.0V, 25°C unless otherwise stated. This is the shortest pulse that is guaranteed to be recognized as a reset pin request. 3 When any reset is initiated, internal circuitry drives the reset pin low for about 66 cycles of tcyc. After POR reset, the bus clock frequency changes to the untrimmed DCO frequency (freset = (fdco_ut)/4) because TRIM is reset to 0x80 and FTRIM is reset to 0, and there is an extra divide-by-two because BDIV is reset to 0:1. After other resets trim stays at the pre-reset value. 4 This is the minimum pulse width that is guaranteed to pass through the pin synchronization circuitry. Shorter pulses may or may not be recognized. In stop mode, the synchronizer is bypassed so shorter pulses can be recognized in that case. 5 Timing is shown with respect to 20% V DD and 80% VDD levels. Temperature range –40°C to 125°C. 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 304 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics textrst RESET PIN Figure A-10. Reset Timing tIHIL IRQ/Pin Interrupts IRQ/ Pin Interrupts tILIH Figure A-11. IRQ/Pin Interrupt Timing MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 305 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.12.2 TPM/MTIM Module Timing Synchronizer circuits determine the shortest input pulses that can be recognized or the fastest clock that can be used as the optional external source to the timer counter. These synchronizers operate from the current bus rate clock. Table A-14. TPM Input Timing # C 1 — 2 Rating Symbol Min Max Unit External clock frequency (1/tTCLK) fTCLK dc fBus/4 MHz — External clock period tTCLK 4 — tcyc 3 — External clock high time tclkh 1.5 — tcyc 4 — External clock low time tclkl 1.5 — tcyc 5 — Input capture pulse width tICPW 1.5 — tcyc tTCLK tclkh TCLK tclkl Figure A-12. Timer External Clock tICPW TPMCHn TPMCHn tICPW Figure A-13. Timer Input Capture Pulse MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 306 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.12.3 SPI Table A-15 and Figure A-14 through Figure A-17 describe the timing requirements for the SPI system. Table A-15. SPI Electrical Characteristic Num1 C 1 D 2 3 4 5 6 7 D D D D D D Rating2 Symbol Min Max Unit Master Slave tSCK tSCK 2 4 2048 — tcyc tcyc Master Slave tLead tLead — 1/2 1/2 — tSCK tSCK Master Slave tLag tLag — 1/2 1/2 — tSCK tSCK Clock (SPSCK) high time Master and Slave tSCKH 1/2 tSCK – 25 — ns Clock (SPSCK) low time Master and Slave tSCKL 1/2 tSCK – 25 — ns Master Slave tSI(M) tSI(S) 30 30 — — ns ns Master Slave tHI(M) tHI(S) 30 30 — — ns ns Cycle time Enable lead time Enable lag time Data setup time (inputs) Data hold time (inputs) D Access time, slave3 tA 0 40 ns 9 D Disable time, slave4 tdis — 40 ns 10 D Data setup time (outputs) Master Slave tSO tSO — — 25 25 ns ns Master Slave tHO tHO –10 –10 — — ns ns Master Slave fop fop fBus/2048 dc 55 fBus/4 MHz 8 11 D D Data hold time (outputs) Operating frequency 12 1 Refer to Figure A-14 through Figure A-17. All timing is shown with respect to 20% VDD and 70% VDD, unless noted; 100 pF load on all SPI pins. All timing assumes slew rate control disabled and high drive strength enabled for SPI output pins. 3 Time to data active from high-impedance state. 4 Hold time to high-impedance state. 5 Maximum baud rate must be limited to 5 MHz due to input filter characteristics. 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 307 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics SS1 (OUTPUT) 3 1 2 SCK (CPOL = 0) (OUTPUT) 5 4 SCK (CPOL = 1) (OUTPUT) 5 4 6 MISO (INPUT) 7 MSB IN2 BIT 6 . . . 1 10 MOSI (OUTPUT) LSB IN 11 10 MSB OUT2 BIT 6 . . . 1 LSB OUT NOTES: 1. SS output mode (MODFEN = 1, SSOE = 1). 2. LSBF = 0. For LSBF = 1, bit order is LSB, bit 1, ..., bit 6, MSB. Figure A-14. SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 0) SS(1) (OUTPUT) 1 3 2 SCK (CPOL = 0) (OUTPUT) 5 4 SCK (CPOL = 1) (OUTPUT) 5 4 6 MISO (INPUT) 7 MSB IN(2) LSB IN 11 10 MOSI (OUTPUT) BIT 6 . . . 1 MSB OUT(2) BIT 6 . . . 1 LSB OUT NOTES: 1. SS output mode (MODFEN = 1, SSOE = 1). 2. LSBF = 0. For LSBF = 1, bit order is LSB, bit 1, ..., bit 6, MSB. Figure A-15. SPI Master Timing (CPHA = 1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 308 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics SS (INPUT) 3 1 SCK (CPOL = 0) (INPUT) 5 4 2 SCK (CPOL = 1) (INPUT) 5 4 8 MISO (OUTPUT) 11 10 BIT 6 . . . 1 MSB OUT SLAVE SLAVE LSB OUT SEE NOTE 7 6 MOSI (INPUT) 9 BIT 6 . . . 1 MSB IN LSB IN NOTE: 1. Not defined but normally MSB of character just received Figure A-16. SPI Slave Timing (CPHA = 0) SS (INPUT) 3 1 2 SCK (CPOL = 0) (INPUT) 5 4 SCK (CPOL = 1) (INPUT) 5 4 10 MISO (OUTPUT) SEE NOTE 8 MOSI (INPUT) SLAVE 11 MSB OUT 6 BIT 6 . . . 1 9 SLAVE LSB OUT 7 MSB IN BIT 6 . . . 1 LSB IN NOTE: 1. Not defined but normally LSB of character just received Figure A-17. SPI Slave Timing (CPHA = 1) MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 309 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.13 Flash Specifications This section provides details about program/erase times and program-erase endurance for the Flash memory. Program and erase operations do not require any special power sources other than the normal VDD supply. For more detailed information about program/erase operations, see the Memory section. Table A-16. Flash Characteristics # C 1 — 2 — Characteristic Symbol Min Typical Max Unit Supply voltage for program/erase Vprog/erase 2.7 — 5.5 V Supply voltage for read operation VRead 2.7 — 5.5 V fFCLK 150 — 200 kHz tFcyc 5 — 6.67 μs frequency1 3 — Internal FCLK 4 — Internal FCLK period (1/fFCLK) 5 6 7 8 — — — — Byte program time (random Byte program time (burst Page erase time2 Mass erase time2 location)2 mode)2 3 10 C C 9 tFcyc tBurst 4 tFcyc tPage 4000 tFcyc tMass 20,000 tFcyc nFLPE Program/erase endurance 9 tprog cycles TL to TH = –40°C to +125°C 10,000 — — T = 25°C 10,000 100,000 — 15 100 — 4 Data retention tD_ret years 1 The frequency of this clock is controlled by a software setting. These values are hardware state machine controlled. User code does not need to count cycles. This information supplied for calculating approximate time to program and erase. 3 Typical endurance for Flash is based upon the intrinsic bit cell performance. For additional information on how Freescale defines typical endurance, please refer to Engineering Bulletin EB619/D, Typical Endurance for Nonvolatile Memory. 4 Typical data retention values are based on intrinsic capability of the technology measured at high temperature and de-rated to 25°C using the Arrhenius equation. For additional information on how Freescale defines typical data retention, please refer to Engineering Bulletin EB618/D, Typical Data Retention for Nonvolatile Memory. 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 310 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix A Electrical Characteristics A.14 EMC Performance Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance is highly dependant on the environment in which the MCU resides. Board design and layout, circuit topology choices, location and characteristics of external components as well as MCU software operation all play a significant role in EMC performance. The system designer should consult Freescale applications notes such as AN2321, AN1050, AN1263, AN2764, and AN1259 for advice and guidance specifically targeted at optimizing EMC performance. A.14.1 Radiated Emissions Microcontroller radiated RF emissions are measured from 150 kHz to 1 GHz using the TEM/GTEM Cell method in accordance with the IEC 61967-2 and SAE J1752/3 standards. The measurement is performed with the microcontroller installed on a custom EMC evaluation board while running specialized EMC test software. The radiated emissions from the microcontroller are measured in a TEM cell in two package orientations (North and East). The maximum radiated RF emissions of the tested configuration in all orientations are less than or equal to the reported emissions levels. Table A-17. Radiated Emissions, Electric Field Parameter Radiated emissions, electric field Symbol VRE_TEM Conditions VDD = 5 V TA = +25oC package type 28 TSSOP Frequency fOSC/fBUS Level1 (Max) 0.15 – 50 MHz 12 50 – 150 MHz 12 150 – 500 MHz 6 4 MHz crystal 500 – 1000 MHz 20 MHz bus Unit dBμV –8 2 N — SAE Level3 2 — IEC Level 1 Data based on qualification test results. IEC Level Maximums: N ≤ 12dBμV, L ≤ 24dBμV, I ≤ 36dBμV 3 SAE Level Maximums: 1 ≤ 10dBμV, 2 ≤ 20dBμV, 3 ≤ 30dBμV, 4 ≤ 40dBμV 2 MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 311 Appendix A Electrical Characteristics MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 312 Freescale Semiconductor Appendix B Ordering Information and Mechanical Drawings Appendix B Ordering Information and Mechanical Drawings B.1 Ordering Information This section contains ordering information for MC9S08SH32 and MC9S08SH16 devices. Table B-1. Device Numbering System MC9S08SH32 MC9S08SH16 1 2 Memory Flash RAM 32 K 1024 B AEC Grade 1 16 K Available Packages2 Temp Rated Standard Part Number1 1024 B AEC Grade 0 Jennifer 28-Pin 20-Pin 16-Pin 28 TSSOP 28 SOIC 20 TSSOP 16 TSSOP AEC Grade 1 See Table 1-1 for a complete description of modules included on each device. See Table B-2 for package information. B.1.1 Device Numbering Scheme This device uses a smart numbering system. Refer to the following diagram to understand what each element of the device number represents. MC 9 S08 SH n C xx R Tape and Reel Suffix (optiona - R = Tape and Reel Status - MC = Fully Qualified Package Designator Two letter descriptor (refer to Table B-2). Main Memory Type - 9 = Flash-based Core Temperature Option - C = –40 to 85 °C Family - M = –40 to 125 °C - SH Memory Size - 32 Kbytes - 16 Kbytes Figure B-1. MC9S08SH32 Device Numbering Scheme MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 Freescale Semiconductor 313 Appendix B Ordering Information and Mechanical Drawings B.2 Package Information and Mechanical Drawings Table B-2 provides the available package types and their document numbers. The latest package outline/mechanical drawings are available on the MC9S08SH32 Series Product Summary pages at http://www.freescale.com. To view the latest drawing, either: • Click on the appropriate link in Table B-2, or • Open a browser to the Freescale® website (http://www.freescale.com), and enter the appropriate document number (from Table B-2) in the “Enter Keyword” search box at the top of the page. The following pages are mechanical specifications for MC9S08SH32 Series package options. See Table B-2 for the document number for each package type. Table B-2. Package Information is Pin Count Type Designator Document No. 28 SOIC WL 98ASB42345B 28 TSSOP TL 98ARS23923W 20 TSSOP TJ 98ASH70169A 16 TSSOP TG 98ASH70247A MC9S08SH32 Series Data Sheet, Rev. 3 314 Freescale Semiconductor How to Reach Us: Home Page: freescale.com Web Support: freescale.com/support Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use Freescale products. There are no express or implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate any integrated circuits based on the information in this document. Freescale reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Freescale makes no warranty, representation, or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Freescale assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters that may be provided in Freescale data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications, and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “typicals,” must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. Freescale does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. Freescale sells products pursuant to standard terms and conditions of sale, which can be found at the following address: freescale.com/SalesTermsandConditions. Freescale and the Freescale logo are trademarks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., Reg. U.S. Pat. & Tm. Off. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. © 2007-2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. Document Number MC9S08SH32 Revision 3, 3/2014