OM13332,598

PCA9685 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 Product data sheet 1. General description The PCA9685 is an I2C-bus controlled 16-channel LED controller optimized for Red/Green/Blue/Amber (RGBA) color backlighting applications. Each LED output has its own 12-bit resolution (4096 steps) fixed frequency individual PWM controller that operates at a programmable frequency from a typical of 24 Hz to 1526 Hz with a duty cycle that is adjustable from 0 % to 100 % to allow the LED to be set to a specific brightness value. All outputs are set to the same PWM frequency. Each LED output can be off or on (no PWM control), or set at its individual PWM controller value. The LED output driver is programmed to be either open-drain with a 25 mA current sink capability at 5 V or totem pole with a 25 mA sink, 10 mA source capability at 5 V. The PCA9685 operates with a supply voltage range of 2.3 V to 5.5 V and the inputs and outputs are 5.5 V tolerant. LEDs can be directly connected to the LED output (up to 25 mA, 5.5 V) or controlled with external drivers and a minimum amount of discrete components for larger current or higher voltage LEDs. The PCA9685 is in the new Fast-mode Plus (Fm+) family. Fm+ devices offer higher frequency (up to 1 MHz) and more densely populated bus operation (up to 4000 pF). Although the PCA9635 and PCA9685 have many similar features, the PCA9685 has some unique features that make it more suitable for applications such as LCD or LED backlighting and Ambilight: • The PCA9685 allows staggered LED output on and off times to minimize current surges. The on and off time delay is independently programmable for each of the 16 channels. This feature is not available in PCA9635. • The PCA9685 has 4096 steps (12-bit PWM) of individual LED brightness control. The PCA9635 has only 256 steps (8-bit PWM). • When multiple LED controllers are incorporated in a system, the PWM pulse widths between multiple devices may differ if PCA9635s are used. The PCA9685 has a programmable prescaler to adjust the PWM pulse widths of multiple devices. • The PCA9685 has an external clock input pin that will accept user-supplied clock (50 MHz max.) in place of the internal 25 MHz oscillator. This feature allows synchronization of multiple devices. The PCA9635 does not have external clock input feature. • Like the PCA9635, PCA9685 also has a built-in oscillator for the PWM control. However, the frequency used for PWM control in the PCA9685 is adjustable from about 24 Hz to 1526 Hz as compared to the typical 97.6 kHz frequency of the PCA9635. This allows the use of PCA9685 with external power supply controllers. All bits are set at the same frequency. • The Power-On Reset (POR) default state of LEDn output pins is LOW in the case of PCA9685. It is HIGH for PCA9635. PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller The active LOW Output Enable input pin (OE) allows asynchronous control of the LED outputs and can be used to set all the outputs to a defined I2C-bus programmable logic state. The OE can also be used to externally ‘pulse width modulate’ the outputs, which is useful when multiple devices need to be dimmed or blinked together using software control. Software programmable LED All Call and three Sub Call I2C-bus addresses allow all or defined groups of PCA9685 devices to respond to a common I2C-bus address, allowing for example, all red LEDs to be turned on or off at the same time or marquee chasing effect, thus minimizing I2C-bus commands. Six hardware address pins allow up to 62 devices on the same bus. The Software Reset (SWRST) General Call allows the master to perform a reset of the PCA9685 through the I2C-bus, identical to the Power-On Reset (POR) that initializes the registers to their default state causing the outputs to be set LOW. This allows an easy and quick way to reconfigure all device registers to the same condition via software. 2. Features and benefits  16 LED drivers. Each output programmable at:  Off  On  Programmable LED brightness  Programmable LED turn-on time to help reduce EMI  1 MHz Fast-mode Plus compatible I2C-bus interface with 30 mA high drive capability on SDA output for driving high capacitive buses  4096-step (12-bit) linear programmable brightness per LED output varying from fully off (default) to maximum brightness  LED output frequency (all LEDs) typically varies from 24 Hz to 1526 Hz (Default of 1Eh in PRE_SCALE register results in a 200 Hz refresh rate with oscillator clock of 25 MHz.)  Sixteen totem pole outputs (sink 25 mA and source 10 mA at 5 V) with software programmable open-drain LED outputs selection (default at totem pole). No input function.  Output state change programmable on the Acknowledge or the STOP Command to update outputs byte-by-byte or all at the same time (default to ‘Change on STOP’).  Active LOW Output Enable (OE) input pin. LEDn outputs programmable to logic 1, logic 0 (default at power-up) or ‘high-impedance’ when OE is HIGH.  6 hardware address pins allow 62 PCA9685 devices to be connected to the same I2C-bus  Toggling OE allows for hardware LED blinking  4 software programmable I2C-bus addresses (one LED All Call address and three LED Sub Call addresses) allow groups of devices to be addressed at the same time in any combination (for example, one register used for ‘All Call’ so that all the PCA9685s on the I2C-bus can be addressed at the same time and the second register used for three different addresses so that 1⁄3 of all devices on the bus can be addressed at the same time in a group). Software enable and disable for these I2C-bus address.  Software Reset feature (SWRST General Call) allows the device to be reset through the I2C-bus PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 2 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller             25 MHz typical internal oscillator requires no external components External 50 MHz (max.) clock input Internal power-on reset Noise filter on SDA/SCL inputs Edge rate control on outputs No output glitches on power-up Supports hot insertion Low standby current Operating power supply voltage range of 2.3 V to 5.5 V 5.5 V tolerant inputs 40 C to +85 C operation ESD protection exceeds 2000 V HBM per JESD22-A114, 200 V MM per JESD22-A115 and 1000 V CDM per JESD22-C101  Latch-up testing is done to JEDEC Standard JESD78 which exceeds 100 mA  Packages offered: TSSOP28, HVQFN28 3. Applications      PCA9685 Product data sheet RGB or RGBA LED drivers LED status information LED displays LCD backlights Keypad backlights for cellular phones or handheld devices All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 3 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 4. Ordering information Table 1. Ordering information Type number Topside mark Package Name Description Version PCA9685PW PCA9685PW TSSOP28 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 28 leads; body width 4.4 mm SOT361-1 PCA9685PW/Q900[1] PCA9685PW TSSOP28 plastic thin shrink small outline package; 28 leads; body width 4.4 mm SOT361-1 PCA9685BS P9685 HVQFN28 plastic thermal enhanced very thin quad flat package; no leads; 28 terminals; body 6  6  0.85 mm SOT788-1 [1] PCA9685PW/Q900 is AEC-Q100 compliant. Contact i2c.support@nxp.com for PPAP. 4.1 Ordering options Table 2. Ordering options Type number Orderable part number Package Packing method PCA9685PW PCA9685PW,118 TSSOP28 REEL 13" Q1/T1 2500 *STANDARD MARK SMD Tamb = 40 C to +85 C PCA9685PW/Q900 PCA9685PW/Q900,118 TSSOP28 REEL 13" Q1/T1 2500 *STANDARD MARK SMD Tamb = 40 C to +85 C PCA9685BS PCA9685BS,118 REEL 13" Q1/T1 4000 *STANDARD MARK SMD Tamb = 40 C to +85 C PCA9685 Product data sheet HVQFN28 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 Minimum order quantity Temperature © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 4 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 5. Block diagram A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 PCA9685 SCL INPUT FILTER SDA I2C-BUS CONTROL POWER-ON RESET VDD VDD VSS LED STATE SELECT REGISTER PRESCALE 25 MHz OSCILLATOR EXTCLK PWM REGISTER X BRIGHTNESS CONTROL LEDn MUX/ CONTROL CLOCK SWITCH '0' – permanently OFF '1' – permanently ON OE 002aac824 Remark: Only one LED output shown for clarity. Fig 1. Block diagram of PCA9685 PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 5 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 6. Pinning information LED2 8 LED3 9 20 LED13 LED4 10 19 LED12 LED5 11 18 LED11 LED6 12 17 LED10 LED7 13 16 LED9 VSS 14 15 LED8 PCA9685PW PCA9685PW/Q900 22 LED15 21 LED14 1 21 A5 A4 2 20 OE LED0 3 LED1 4 LED2 5 17 LED13 LED3 6 16 LED12 LED4 7 15 LED11 19 LED15 PCA9685BS 18 LED14 002aad236 Transparent top view 002aac825 Fig 2. 22 EXTCLK 7 23 SCL LED1 A3 LED9 13 23 OE LED10 14 6 25 VDD 24 SDA 24 A5 LED0 LED8 12 25 EXTCLK 5 26 A0 4 A4 VSS 11 A3 terminal 1 index area LED7 10 26 SCL 28 A2 3 9 27 SDA A2 8 28 VDD 2 LED6 1 A1 LED5 A0 27 A1 6.1 Pinning Pin configuration for TSSOP28 Fig 3. Pin configuration for HVQFN28 6.2 Pin description Table 3. Symbol PCA9685 Product data sheet Pin description Pin Type Description 26 I address input 0 2 27 I address input 1 A2 3 28 I address input 2 A3 4 1 I address input 3 A4 5 2 I address input 4 LED0 6 3 O LED driver 0 LED1 7 4 O LED driver 1 LED2 8 5 O LED driver 2 LED3 9 6 O LED driver 3 LED4 10 7 O LED driver 4 LED5 11 8 O LED driver 5 LED6 12 9 O LED driver 6 LED7 13 10 O LED driver 7 VSS 14 11[1] power supply supply ground LED8 15 12 O LED driver 8 LED9 16 13 O LED driver 9 LED10 17 14 O LED driver 10 LED11 18 15 O LED driver 11 TSSOP28 HVQFN28 A0 1 A1 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 6 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 3. Symbol Pin description …continued Pin Type Description 16 O LED driver 12 20 17 O LED driver 13 LED14 21 18 O LED driver 14 LED15 22 19 O LED driver 15 OE 23 20 I active LOW output enable A5 24 21 I address input 5 EXTCLK 25 22 I external clock input[2] SCL 26 23 I serial clock line SDA 27 24 I/O serial data line VDD 28 25 power supply supply voltage TSSOP28 HVQFN28 LED12 19 LED13 [1] HVQFN28 package die supply ground is connected to both VSS pin and exposed center pad. VSS pin must be connected to supply ground for proper device operation. For enhanced thermal, electrical, and board level performance, the exposed pad needs to be soldered to the board using a corresponding thermal pad on the board and for proper heat conduction through the board, thermal vias need to be incorporated in the PCB in the thermal pad region. [2] This pin must be grounded when this feature is not used. 7. Functional description Refer to Figure 1 “Block diagram of PCA9685”. 7.1 Device addresses Following a START condition, the bus master must output the address of the slave it is accessing. There are a maximum of 64 possible programmable addresses using the 6 hardware address pins. Two of these addresses, Software Reset and LED All Call, cannot be used because their default power-up state is ON, leaving a maximum of 62 addresses. Using other reserved addresses, as well as any other subcall address, will reduce the total number of possible addresses even further. 7.1.1 Regular I2C-bus slave address The I2C-bus slave address of the PCA9685 is shown in Figure 4. To conserve power, no internal pull-up resistors are incorporated on the hardware selectable address pins and they must be pulled HIGH or LOW. Remark: Using reserved I2C-bus addresses will interfere with other devices, but only if the devices are on the bus and/or the bus will be open to other I2C-bus systems at some later date. In a closed system where the designer controls the address assignment these addresses can be used since the PCA9685 treats them like any other address. The LED All Call, Software Reset and PCA9564 or PCA9665 slave address (if on the bus) can never be used for individual device addresses. • PCA9685 LED All Call address (1110 000) and Software Reset (0000 0110) which are active on start-up PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 7 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller • PCA9564 (0000 000) or PCA9665 (1110 000) slave address which is active on start-up • ‘reserved for future use’ I2C-bus addresses (0000 011, 1111 1XX) • slave devices that use the 10-bit addressing scheme (1111 0XX) • slave devices that are designed to respond to the General Call address (0000 000) which is used as the software reset address • High-speed mode (Hs-mode) master code (0000 1XX) slave address 1 fixed Fig 4. A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 hardware selectable A0 R/W 002aad168 Slave address The last bit of the address byte defines the operation to be performed. When set to logic 1 a read is selected, while a logic 0 selects a write operation. 7.1.2 LED All Call I2C-bus address • Default power-up value (ALLCALLADR register): E0h or 1110 000X • Programmable through I2C-bus (volatile programming) • At power-up, LED All Call I2C-bus address is enabled. PCA9685 sends an ACK when E0h (R/W = 0) or E1h (R/W = 1) is sent by the master. See Section 7.3.7 “ALLCALLADR, LED All Call I2C-bus address” for more detail. Remark: The default LED All Call I2C-bus address (E0h or 1110 000X) must not be used as a regular I2C-bus slave address since this address is enabled at power-up. All the PCA9685s on the I2C-bus will acknowledge the address if sent by the I2C-bus master. 7.1.3 LED Sub Call I2C-bus addresses • 3 different I2C-bus addresses can be used • Default power-up values: – SUBADR1 register: E2h or 1110 001X – SUBADR2 register: E4h or 1110 010X – SUBADR3 register: E8h or 1110 100X • Programmable through I2C-bus (volatile programming) • At power-up, Sub Call I2C-bus addresses are disabled. PCA9685 does not send an ACK when E2h (R/W = 0) or E3h (R/W = 1), E4h (R/W = 0) or E5h (R/W = 1), or E8h (R/W = 0) or E9h (R/W = 1) is sent by the master. See Section 7.3.6 “SUBADR1 to SUBADR3, I2C-bus subaddress 1 to 3” for more detail. Remark: The default LED Sub Call I2C-bus addresses may be used as regular I2C-bus slave addresses as long as they are disabled. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 8 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.1.4 Software Reset I2C-bus address The address shown in Figure 5 is used when a reset of the PCA9685 needs to be performed by the master. The Software Reset address (SWRST Call) must be used with R/W = logic 0. If R/W = logic 1, the PCA9685 does not acknowledge the SWRST. See Section 7.6 “Software reset” for more detail. R/W 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 002aab416 Fig 5. Software Reset address Remark: The Software Reset I2C-bus address is a reserved address and cannot be used as a regular I2C-bus slave address or as an LED All Call or LED Sub Call address. 7.2 Control register Following the successful acknowledgement of the slave address, LED All Call address or LED Sub Call address, the bus master will send a byte to the PCA9685, which will be stored in the Control register. This register is used as a pointer to determine which register will be accessed. D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 002aac826 reset state = 00h Remark: The Control register does not apply to the Software Reset I2C-bus address. Fig 6. PCA9685 Product data sheet Control register All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 9 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.3 Register definitions Table 4. Register summary Register # Register # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name (decimal) (hex) Type Function 0 00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MODE1 read/write Mode register 1 1 01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 MODE2 read/write Mode register 2 2 02 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 SUBADR1 read/write I2C-bus subaddress 1 3 03 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 SUBADR2 read/write I2C-bus subaddress 2 4 04 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 SUBADR3 read/write I2C-bus subaddress 3 5 05 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ALLCALLADR read/write LED All Call I2C-bus address 6 06 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 LED0_ON_L read/write LED0 output and brightness control byte 0 7 07 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 LED0_ON_H read/write LED0 output and brightness control byte 1 8 08 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 LED0_OFF_L read/write LED0 output and brightness control byte 2 9 09 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 LED0_OFF_H read/write LED0 output and brightness control byte 3 10 0A 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 LED1_ON_L read/write LED1 output and brightness control byte 0 11 0B 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 LED1_ON_H read/write LED1 output and brightness control byte 1 12 0C 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 LED1_OFF_L read/write LED1 output and brightness control byte 2 13 0D 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 LED1_OFF_H read/write LED1 output and brightness control byte 3 14 0E 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 LED2_ON_L read/write LED2 output and brightness control byte 0 15 0F 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 LED2_ON_H read/write LED2 output and brightness control byte 1 16 10 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 LED2_OFF_L read/write LED2 output and brightness control byte 2 17 11 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 LED2_OFF_H read/write LED2 output and brightness control byte 3 18 12 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 LED3_ON_L read/write LED3 output and brightness control byte 0 19 13 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 LED3_ON_H read/write LED3 output and brightness control byte 1 20 14 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 LED3_OFF_L read/write LED3 output and brightness control byte 2 21 15 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 LED3_OFF_H read/write LED3 output and brightness control byte 3 PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 10 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 4. Register summary …continued Register # Register # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name (decimal) (hex) Type Function 22 16 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 LED4_ON_L read/write LED4 output and brightness control byte 0 23 17 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 LED4_ON_H read/write LED4 output and brightness control byte 1 24 18 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 LED4_OFF_L read/write LED4 output and brightness control byte 2 25 19 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 LED4_OFF_H read/write LED4 output and brightness control byte 3 26 1A 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 LED5_ON_L read/write LED5 output and brightness control byte 0 27 1B 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 LED5_ON_H read/write LED5 output and brightness control byte 1 28 1C 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 LED5_OFF_L read/write LED5 output and brightness control byte 2 29 1D 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 LED5_OFF_H read/write LED5 output and brightness control byte 3 30 1E 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 LED6_ON_L read/write LED6 output and brightness control byte 0 31 1F 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 LED6_ON_H read/write LED6 output and brightness control byte 1 32 20 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 LED6_OFF_L read/write LED6 output and brightness control byte 2 33 21 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 LED6_OFF_H read/write LED6 output and brightness control byte 3 34 22 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 LED7_ON_L read/write LED7 output and brightness control byte 0 35 23 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 LED7_ON_H read/write LED7 output and brightness control byte 1 36 24 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 LED7_OFF_L read/write LED7 output and brightness control byte 2 37 25 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 LED7_OFF_H read/write LED7 output and brightness control byte 3 38 26 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 LED8_ON_L read/write LED8 output and brightness control byte 0 39 27 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 LED8_ON_H read/write LED8 output and brightness control byte 1 40 28 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 LED8_OFF_L read/write LED8 output and brightness control byte 2 41 29 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 LED8_OFF_H read/write LED8 output and brightness control byte 3 PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 11 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 4. Register summary …continued Register # Register # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name (decimal) (hex) Type Function 42 2A 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 LED9_ON_L read/write LED9 output and brightness control byte 0 43 2B 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 LED9_ON_H read/write LED9 output and brightness control byte 1 44 2C 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 LED9_OFF_L read/write LED9 output and brightness control byte 2 45 2D 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 LED9_OFF_H read/write LED9 output and brightness control byte 3 46 2E 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 LED10_ON_L read/write LED10 output and brightness control byte 0 47 2F 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 LED10_ON_H read/write LED10 output and brightness control byte 1 48 30 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 LED10_OFF_L read/write LED10 output and brightness control byte 2 49 31 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 LED10_OFF_H read/write LED10 output and brightness control byte 3 50 32 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 LED11_ON_L read/write LED11 output and brightness control byte 0 51 33 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 LED11_ON_H read/write LED11 output and brightness control byte 1 52 34 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 LED11_OFF_L read/write LED11 output and brightness control byte 2 53 35 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 LED11_OFF_H read/write LED11 output and brightness control byte 3 54 36 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 LED12_ON_L read/write LED12 output and brightness control byte 0 55 37 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 LED12_ON_H read/write LED12 output and brightness control byte 1 56 38 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 LED12_OFF_L read/write LED12 output and brightness control byte 2 57 39 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 LED12_OFF_H read/write LED12 output and brightness control byte 3 58 3A 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 LED13_ON_L read/write LED13 output and brightness control byte 0 59 3B 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 LED13_ON_H read/write LED13 output and brightness control byte 1 60 3C 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 LED13_OFF_L read/write LED13 output and brightness control byte 2 61 3D 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 LED13_OFF_H read/write LED13 output and brightness control byte 3 PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 12 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 4. Register summary …continued Register # Register # D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 Name (decimal) (hex) Type Function 62 3E 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 LED14_ON_L read/write LED14 output and brightness control byte 0 63 3F 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 LED14_ON_H read/write LED14 output and brightness control byte 1 64 40 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 LED14_OFF_L read/write LED14 output and brightness control byte 2 65 41 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 LED14_OFF_H read/write LED14 output and brightness control byte 3 66 42 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 LED15_ON_L read/write LED15 output and brightness control byte 0 67 43 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 LED15_ON_H read/write LED15 output and brightness control byte 1 68 44 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 LED15_OFF_L read/write LED15 output and brightness control byte 2 69 45 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 LED15_OFF_H read/write LED15 output and brightness control byte 3 ... reserved for future use 250 FA 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 ALL_LED_ON_L write/read zero load all the LEDn_ON registers, byte 0 251 FB 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 ALL_LED_ON_H write/read zero load all the LEDn_ON registers, byte 1 252 FC 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 ALL_LED_OFF_L write/read zero load all the LEDn_OFF registers, byte 0 253 FD 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 ALL_LED_OFF_H write/read zero load all the LEDn_OFF registers, byte 1 254 FE 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 PRE_SCALE[1] read/write prescaler for PWM output frequency 255 FF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 TestMode[2] read/write defines the test mode to be entered ... All further addresses are reserved for future use; reserved addresses will not be acknowledged. [1] Writes to PRE_SCALE register are blocked when SLEEP bit is logic 0 (MODE 1). [2] Reserved. Writes to this register may cause unpredictable results. Remark: Auto Increment past register 69 will point to MODE1 register (register 0). Auto Increment also works from register 250 to register 254, then rolls over to register 0. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 13 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.3.1 Mode register 1, MODE1 Table 5. MODE1 - Mode register 1 (address 00h) bit description Legend: * default value. Bit Symbol Access Value 7 RESTART R Shows state of RESTART logic. See Section 7.3.1.1 for detail. W User writes logic 1 to this bit to clear it to logic 0. A user write of logic 0 will have no effect. See Section 7.3.1.1 for detail. 0* 1 6 EXTCLK R/W Description Restart disabled. Restart enabled. To use the EXTCLK pin, this bit must be set by the following sequence: 1. Set the SLEEP bit in MODE1. This turns off the internal oscillator. 2. Write logic 1s to both the SLEEP and EXTCLK bits in MODE1. The switch is now made. The external clock can be active during the switch because the SLEEP bit is set. This bit is a ‘sticky bit’, that is, it cannot be cleared by writing a logic 0 to it. The EXTCLK bit can only be cleared by a power cycle or software reset. EXTCLK range is DC to 50 MHz. EXTCLK refresh_rate = ------------------------------------------------------4096   prescale + 1  0* Use internal clock. 1 Use EXTCLK pin clock. Register Auto-Increment disabled[1]. 5 AI R/W 0* 1 Register Auto-Increment enabled. 4 SLEEP R/W 0 Normal mode[2]. 1* Low power mode. Oscillator off[3][4]. 0* PCA9685 does not respond to I2C-bus subaddress 1. 1 PCA9685 responds to I2C-bus subaddress 1. 0* PCA9685 does not respond to I2C-bus subaddress 2. 1 PCA9685 responds to I2C-bus subaddress 2. 0* PCA9685 does not respond to I2C-bus subaddress 3. 1 PCA9685 responds to I2C-bus subaddress 3. 0 PCA9685 does not respond to LED All Call I2C-bus address. 1* PCA9685 responds to LED All Call I2C-bus address. 3 SUB1 2 SUB2 1 SUB3 0 ALLCALL R/W R/W R/W R/W [1] When the Auto Increment flag is set, AI = 1, the Control register is automatically incremented after a read or write. This allows the user to program the registers sequentially. [2] It takes 500 s max. for the oscillator to be up and running once SLEEP bit has been set to logic 0. Timings on LEDn outputs are not guaranteed if PWM control registers are accessed within the 500 s window. There is no start-up delay required when using the EXTCLK pin as the PWM clock. [3] No PWM control is possible when the oscillator is off. [4] When the oscillator is off (Sleep mode) the LEDn outputs cannot be turned on, off or dimmed/blinked. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 14 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.3.1.1 Restart mode If the PCA9685 is operating and the user decides to put the chip to sleep (setting MODE1 bit 4) without stopping any of the PWM channels, the RESTART bit (MODE1 bit 7) will be set to logic 1 at the end of the PWM refresh cycle. The contents of each PWM register are held valid when the clock is off. To restart all of the previously active PWM channels with a few I2C-bus cycles do the following steps: 1. Read MODE1 register. 2. Check that bit 7 (RESTART) is a logic 1. If it is, clear bit 4 (SLEEP). Allow time for oscillator to stabilize (500 s). 3. Write logic 1 to bit 7 of MODE1 register. All PWM channels will restart and the RESTART bit will clear. Remark: The SLEEP bit must be logic 0 for at least 500 s, before a logic 1 is written into the RESTART bit. Other actions that will clear the RESTART bit are: 1. Power cycle. 2. I2C Software Reset command. 3. If the MODE2 OCH bit is logic 0, write to any PWM register then issue an I2C-bus STOP. 4. If the MODE2 OCH bit is logic 1, write to all four PWM registers in any PWM channel. Likewise, if the user does an orderly shutdown1 of all the PWM channels before setting the SLEEP bit, the RESTART bit will be cleared. If this is done the contents of all PWM registers are invalidated and must be reloaded before reuse. An example of the use of the RESTART bit would be the restoring of a customer’s laptop LCD backlight intensity coming out of Standby to the level it was before going into Standby. 1. Two methods can be used to do an orderly shutdown. The fastest is to write a logic 1 to bit 4 in register ALL_LED_OFF_H. The other method is to write logic 1 to bit 4 in each active PWM channel LEDn_OFF_H register. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 15 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.3.2 Mode register 2, MODE2 Table 6. MODE2 - Mode register 2 (address 01h) bit description Legend: * default value. Bit Symbol Access Value 7 to 5 - read only 000* reserved 4 INVRT[1] R/W 0* Output logic state not inverted. Value to use when external driver used. Applicable when OE = 0. 1 Output logic state inverted. Value to use when no external driver used. Applicable when OE = 0. 0* Outputs change on STOP command[2]. 1 Outputs change on ACK[3]. The 16 LEDn outputs are configured with an open-drain structure. 3 OCH R/W Description 2 OUTDRV[1] R/W 0 1* The 16 LEDn outputs are configured with a totem pole structure. 1 to 0 OUTNE[1:0][4] R/W 00* When OE = 1 (output drivers not enabled), LEDn = 0. 01 When OE = 1 (output drivers not enabled): LEDn = 1 when OUTDRV = 1 LEDn = high-impedance when OUTDRV = 0 (same as OUTNE[1:0] = 10) 1X When OE = 1 (output drivers not enabled), LEDn = high-impedance. [1] See Section 7.7 “Using the PCA9685 with and without external drivers” for more details. Normal LEDs can be driven directly in either mode. Some newer LEDs include integrated Zener diodes to limit voltage transients, reduce EMI, protect the LEDs and these must be driven only in the open-drain mode to prevent overheating the IC. Power on reset default state of LEDn output pins is LOW. [2] Change of the outputs at the STOP command allows synchronizing outputs of more than one PCA9685. Applicable to registers from 06h (LED0_ON_L) to 45h (LED15_OFF_H) only. 1 or more registers can be written, in any order, before STOP. [3] Update on ACK requires all 4 PWM channel registers to be loaded before outputs will change on the last ACK. [4] See Section 7.4 “Active LOW output enable input” for more details. 7.3.3 LED output and PWM control The turn-on time of each LED driver output and the duty cycle of PWM can be controlled independently using the LEDn_ON and LEDn_OFF registers. There will be two 12-bit registers per LED output. These registers will be programmed by the user. Both registers will hold a value from 0 to 4095. One 12-bit register will hold a value for the ON time and the other 12-bit register will hold the value for the OFF time. The ON and OFF times are compared with the value of a 12-bit counter that will be running continuously from 0000h to 0FFFh (0 to 4095 decimal). Update on ACK requires all 4 PWM channel registers to be loaded before outputs will change on the last ACK. The ON time, which is programmable, will be the time the LED output will be asserted and the OFF time, which is also programmable, will be the time when the LED output will be negated. In this way, the phase shift becomes completely programmable. The resolution for the phase shift is 1⁄4096 of the target frequency. Table 7 lists these registers. The following two examples illustrate how to calculate values to be loaded into these registers. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 16 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Example 1: (assumes that the LED0 output is used and (delay time) + (PWM duty cycle)  100 %) Delay time = 10 %; PWM duty cycle = 20 % (LED on time = 20 %; LED off time = 80 %). Delay time = 10 % = 409.6 ~ 410 counts = 19Ah. Since the counter starts at 0 and ends at 4095, we will subtract 1, so delay time = 199h counts. LED0_ON_H = 1h; LED0_ON_L = 99h (LED start turn on after this delay count to 409) LED on time = 20 % = 819.2 ~ 819 counts. LED off time = 4CCh (decimal 410 + 819  1 = 1228) LED0_OFF_H = 4h; LED0_OFF_L = CCh (LED start turn off after this count to 1228) STOP 819 0 (LED ON) 4095 0 4095 0 4095 0 LED OFF example 1 LEDn_ON 409 LEDn_OFF 409 1228 409 1228 409 1228 1228 002aad812 Fig 7. LED output, example 1 Example 2: (assumes that the LED4 output is used and (delay time) + (PWM duty cycle > 100 %) Delay time = 90 %; PWM duty cycle = 90 % (LED on time = 90 %; LED off time = 10 %). Delay time = 90 % = 3686.4 ~ 3686 counts  1 = 3685 = E65h. LED4_ON_H = Eh; LED4_ON_L = 65h (LED start turn on after this delay count to 3685) LED on time = 90 % = 3686 counts. Since the delay time and LED on period of the duty cycle is greater than 4096 counts, the LEDn_OFF count will occur in the next frame. Therefore, 4096 is subtracted from the LEDn_OFF count to get the correct LEDn_OFF count. See Figure 9, Figure 10 and Figure 11. LED off time = CCBh (decimal 3685 + 3686 = 7372  4096 = 3275) LED4_OFF_H = Ch; LED4_OFF_L = CBh (LED start turn off after this count to 3275) STOP 0 4095 0 4095 0 4095 0 LED ON (90 %) example 2 LEDn_ON 3685 LEDn_OFF 3685 3275 3685 3275 002aad813 Fig 8. LED output, example 2 PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 17 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller STOP 0 4095 0 4095 0 4095 0 example 1 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 511 511 511 3071 3071 3071 example 2 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 2047 2047 767 2047 767 example 3 LEDn_ON example 4 1023 off LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 1023 1023 002aad193 Example 1: LEDn_ON (511) < LEDn_OFF (3071) Example 2: LEDn_ON (2047) > LEDn_OFF (767) Example 3: LEDn_ON[12] = 1; LEDn_ON[11:0] = 1022; LEDn_OFF[12] = 0; LEDn_OFF[11:0] = don’t care Example 4: LEDn_ON[12] = 0; LEDn_OFF[12] = 0; LEDn_ON[11:0] = LEDn_OFF[11:0] Fig 9. Output example PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 18 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller STOP 0 4095 0 4095 0 register(s) updated in this cycle 4095 0 output(s) updated in this cycle example 1 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 511 511 511 3071 1023 1023 3071 767 1023 767 1023 example 2 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 511 example 3 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 511 3071 3071 example 4 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 1023 off 511 3071 002aad194 Example 1: LEDn_ON unchanged and LEDn_OFF decreased. Example 2: LEDn_ON increased and LEDn_OFF decreased. Example 3: LEDn_ON made > LEDn_OFF. Example 4: LEDn_OFF[12] set to 1. Fig 10. Update examples when LEDn_ON < LEDn_OFF PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 19 of 52 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx 4095 0 4095 0 4095 0 NXP Semiconductors PCA9685 Product data sheet STOP 0 4095 0 output(s) updated in this cycle register(s) updated in this cycle example 1 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 3071 3071 1023 511 example 2 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 3071 3413 1023 3413 511 511 example 3 1023 3071 3413 3071 3413 on example 4 off LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF 002aad195 Example 1: LEDn_ON unchanged and LEDn_OFF decreased, but delay still > LEDn_OFF Example 2: LEDn_ON changed and LEDn_OFF changed, but delay still > LEDn_OFF Example 3: LEDn_ON unchanged and LEDn_OFF increased where LEDn_ON < LEDn_OFF Example 4: LEDn_ON[12] = 1 and LEDn_OFF[12] changed from 0 to 1 Fig 11. Update examples when LEDn_ON > LEDn_OFF PCA9685 20 of 52 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. 3071 LEDn_ON LEDn_OFF PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 7. LED_ON, LED_OFF control registers (address 06h to 45h) bit description Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 06h LED0_ON_L 7:0 LED0_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED0, 8 LSBs 07h LED0_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED0_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED0_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED0, 4 MSBs LED0 full ON 0* 08h LED0_OFF_L 7:0 LED0_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED0, 8 LSBs 09h LED0_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED0_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED0_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED0 full OFF 1* 0Ah LED1_ON_L 7:0 LED1_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED1, 8 LSBs 0Bh LED1_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED1_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED1_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED1, 4 MSBs LED1 full ON 0* 0Ch LED1_OFF_L 7:0 LED1_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED1, 8 LSBs 0Dh LED1_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED1_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED1_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED1 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED1, 4 MSBs 0Eh LED2_ON_L 7:0 LED2_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED2, 8 LSBs 0Fh LED2_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED2_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED2_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED2, 4 MSBs LED2 full ON 0* 10h LED2_OFF_L 7:0 LED2_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED2, 8 LSBs 11h LED2_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED2_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED2_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED2 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED2, 4 MSBs 12h LED3_ON_L 7:0 LED3_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED3, 8 LSBs 13h LED3_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED3_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED3_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED3, 4 MSBs LED3 full ON 0* 14h LED3_OFF_L 7:0 LED3_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED3, 8 LSBs 15h LED3_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED3_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED3_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED3 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED3, 4 MSBs 16h LED4_ON_L 7:0 LED4_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED4, 8 LSBs 17h LED4_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED4_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED4_ON_H[3:0] R/W PCA9685 Product data sheet LED4 full ON 0* 0000* All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 LEDn_ON count for LED4, 4 MSBs © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 21 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 7. LED_ON, LED_OFF control registers (address 06h to 45h) bit description …continued Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 18h LED4_OFF_L 7:0 LED4_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED4, 8 LSBs 19h LED4_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED4_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED4_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED4 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED4, 4 MSBs 1Ah LED5_ON_L 7:0 LED5_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED5, 8 LSBs 1Bh LED5_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED5_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED5_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED5, 4 MSBs LED5 full ON 0* 1Ch LED5_OFF_L 7:0 LED5_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED5, 8 LSBs 1Dh LED5_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED5_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED5_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED5 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED5, 4 MSBs 1Eh LED6_ON_L 7:0 LED6_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED6, 8 LSBs 1Fh LED6_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED6_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED6_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED6, 4 MSBs LED6 full ON 0* 20h LED6_OFF_L 7:0 LED6_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED6, 8 LSBs 21h LED6_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED6_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED6_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED6 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED6, 4 MSBs 22h LED7_ON_L 7:0 LED7_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED7, 8 LSBs 23h LED7_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED7_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED7_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED7, 4 MSBs LED7 full ON 0* 24h LED7_OFF_L 7:0 LED7_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED7, 8 LSBs 25h LED7_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED7_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED7_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED7 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED7, 4 MSBs 26h LED8_ON_L 7:0 LED8_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED8, 8 LSBs 27h LED8_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED8_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED8_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED8, 4 MSBs LED8 full ON 0* 28h LED8_OFF_L 7:0 LED8_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED8, 8 LSBs 29h LED8_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED8_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED8_OFF_H[3:0] R/W PCA9685 Product data sheet LED8 full OFF 1* 0000* All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 LEDn_OFF count for LED8, 4 MSBs © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 22 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 7. LED_ON, LED_OFF control registers (address 06h to 45h) bit description …continued Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 2Ah LED9_ON_L 7:0 LED9_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED9, 8 LSBs 2Bh LED9_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED9_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED9_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED9, 4 MSBs LED9 full ON 0* 2Ch LED9_OFF_L 7:0 LED9_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED9, 8 LSBs 2Dh LED9_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED9_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED9_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED9, 4 MSBs LED9 full OFF 1* 2Eh LED10_ON_L 7:0 LED10_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED10, 8 LSBs 2Fh LED10_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED10_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED10_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED10, 4 MSBs LED10 full ON 0* 30h LED10_OFF_L 7:0 LED10_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED10, 8 LSBs 31h LED10_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED10_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED10_OFF_H[3:0] R/W LED10 full OFF 1* 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED10, 4 MSBs 32h LED11_ON_L 7:0 LED11_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED11, 8 LSBs 33h LED11_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED11_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED11_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED11, 4 MSBs LED11 full ON 0* 34h LED11_OFF_L 7:0 LED11_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED11, 8 LSBs 35h LED11_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED11_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED11_OFF_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LED11 full OFF 1* LEDn_OFF count for LED11, 4 MSBs 36h LED12_ON_L 7:0 LED12_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED12, 8 LSBs 37h LED12_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED12_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED12_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED12, 4 MSBs LED12 full ON 0* 38h LED12_OFF_L 7:0 LED12_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED12, 8 LSBs 39h LED12_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED12_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED12_OFF_H[3:0] R/W LED12 full OFF 1* 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED12, 4 MSBs 3Ah LED13_ON_L 7:0 LED13_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED13, 8 LSBs 3Bh LED13_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED13_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED13_ON_H[3:0] R/W PCA9685 Product data sheet LED13 full ON 0* 0000* All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 LEDn_ON count for LED13, 4 MSBs © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 23 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 7. LED_ON, LED_OFF control registers (address 06h to 45h) bit description …continued Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 3Ch LED13_OFF_L 7:0 LED13_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED13, 8 LSBs 3Dh LED13_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED13_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED13_OFF_H[3:0] R/W LED13 full OFF 1* 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED13, 4 MSBs 3Eh LED14_ON_L 7:0 LED14_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED14, 8 LSBs 3Fh LED14_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED14_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED14_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED14, 4 MSBs LED14 full ON 0* 40h LED14_OFF_L 7:0 LED14_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED14, 8 LSBs 41h LED14_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED14_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED14_OFF_H[3:0] R/W LED14 full OFF 1* 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED14, 4 MSBs 42h LED15_ON_L 7:0 LED15_ON_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED15, 8 LSBs 43h LED15_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED15_ON_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED15_ON_H[3:0] R/W 0000* LEDn_ON count for LED15, 4 MSBs LED15 full ON 0* 44h LED15_OFF_L 7:0 LED15_OFF_L[7:0] R/W 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED15, 8 LSBs 45h LED15_OFF_H 7:5 reserved R 000* non-writable 4 LED15_OFF_H[4] R/W 3:0 LED15_OFF_H[3:0] R/W LED15 full OFF 1* 0000* LEDn_OFF count for LED15, 4 MSBs The LEDn_ON_H output control bit 4, when set to logic 1, causes the output to be always ON. The turning ON of the LED is delayed by the amount in the LEDn_ON registers. LEDn_OFF[11:0] are ignored. When this bit = 0, then the LEDn_ON and LEDn_OFF registers are used according to their normal definition. The LEDn_OFF_H output control bit 4, when set to logic 1, causes the output to be always OFF. In this case the values in the LEDn_ON registers are ignored. Remark: When all LED outputs are configured as ‘always OFF’, the prescale counter and all associated PWM cycle timing logic are disabled. If LEDn_ON_H[4] and LEDn_OFF_H[4] are set at the same time, the LEDn_OFF_H[4] function takes precedence. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 24 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.3.4 ALL_LED_ON and ALL_LED_OFF control The ALL_LED_ON and ALL_LED_OFF registers allow just four I2C-bus write sequences to fill all the ON and OFF registers with the same patterns. Table 8. ALL_LED_ON and ALL_LED_OFF control registers (address FAh to FEh) bit description Legend: * default value. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value FAh ALL_LED_ON_L 7:0 ALL_LED_ON_L[7:0] W only 0000 0000* LEDn_ON count for ALL_LED, 8 MSBs FBh ALL_LED_ON_H 7:5 reserved R 000* 4 W only ALL_LED_ON_H[4] 3:0 ALL_LED_ON_H[3:0] FCh ALL_LED_OFF_L 7:0 ALL_LED_OFF_L[7:0] W only non-writable ALL_LED full ON 1* W only Description 0000* LEDn_ON count for ALL_LED, 4 MSBs 0000 0000* LEDn_OFF count for ALL_LED, 8 MSBs FDh ALL_LED_OFF_H 7:5 reserved 4 R ALL_LED_OFF_H[4] non-writable 000* W only ALL_LED full OFF 1* 3:0 ALL_LED_OFF_H[3:0] W only 0000* LEDn_OFF count for ALL_LED, 4 MSBs FEh PRE_SCALE 7:0 PRE_SCALE[7:0] R/W 0001 1110* prescaler to program the PWM output frequency (default is 200 Hz) The LEDn_ON and LEDn_OFF counts can vary from 0 to 4095. The LEDn_ON and LEDn_OFF count registers should never be programmed with the same values. Because the loading of the LEDn_ON and LEDn_OFF registers is via the I2C-bus, and asynchronous to the internal oscillator, we want to ensure that we do not see any visual artifacts of changing the ON and OFF values. This is achieved by updating the changes at the end of the LOW cycle. 7.3.5 PWM frequency PRE_SCALE The hardware forces a minimum value that can be loaded into the PRE_SCALE register at ‘3’. The PRE_SCALE register defines the frequency at which the outputs modulate. The prescale value is determined with the formula shown in Equation 1: osc_clock prescale value = round  -------------------------------------------------- – 1 4096  update_rate (1) where the update rate is the output modulation frequency required. For example, for an output default frequency of 200 Hz with an oscillator clock frequency of 25 MHz: 25 MHz prescale value = round  --------------------------- – 1 = 30  0x1Eh   4096  200 (2) The maximum PWM frequency is 1526 Hz if the PRE_SCALE register is set "0x03h". The minimum PWM frequency is 24 Hz if the PRE_SCALE register is set "0xFFh". The PRE_SCALE register can only be set when the SLEEP bit of MODE1 register is set to logic 1. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 25 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.3.6 SUBADR1 to SUBADR3, I2C-bus subaddress 1 to 3 SUBADR1 to SUBADR3 - I2C-bus subaddress registers 0 to 3 (address 02h to 04h) bit description Legend: * default value. Table 9. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 02h SUBADR1 7:1 A1[7:1] R/W I2C-bus subaddress 1 0 A1[0] R only 7:1 A2[7:1] R/W 0 A2[0] R only 7:1 A3[7:1] R/W 0 A3[0] R only 03h 04h SUBADR2 SUBADR3 1110 001* 0* reserved I2C-bus subaddress 2 1110 010* 0* reserved I2C-bus subaddress 3 1110 100* 0* reserved Subaddresses are programmable through the I2C-bus. Default power-up values are E2h, E4h, E8h, and the device(s) will not acknowledge these addresses right after power-up (the corresponding SUBx bit in MODE1 register is equal to 0). Once subaddresses have been programmed to their right values, SUBx bits need to be set to logic 1 in order to have the device acknowledging these addresses (MODE1 register). Only the 7 MSBs representing the I2C-bus subaddress are valid. The LSB in SUBADRx register is a read-only bit (0). When SUBx is set to logic 1, the corresponding I2C-bus subaddress can be used during either an I2C-bus read or write sequence. 7.3.7 ALLCALLADR, LED All Call I2C-bus address ALLCALLADR - LED All Call I2C-bus address register (address 05h) bit description Legend: * default value. Table 10. Address Register Bit Symbol Access Value Description 05h ALLCALLADR 7:1 AC[7:1] R/W ALLCALL I2C-bus address register 0 AC[0] R only 1110 000* 0* reserved The LED All Call I2C-bus address allows all the PCA9685s in the bus to be programmed at the same time (ALLCALL bit in register MODE1 must be equal to 1 (power-up default state)). This address is programmable through the I2C-bus and can be used during either an I2C-bus read or write sequence. The register address can also be programmed as a Sub Call. Only the 7 MSBs representing the All Call I2C-bus address are valid. The LSB in ALLCALLADR register is a read-only bit (0). If ALLCALL bit = 0, the device does not acknowledge the address programmed in register ALLCALLADR. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 26 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.4 Active LOW output enable input The active LOW output enable (OE) pin, allows to enable or disable all the LED outputs at the same time. • When a LOW level is applied to OE pin, all the LED outputs are enabled and follow the output state defined in the LEDn_ON and LEDn_OFF registers with the polarity defined by INVRT bit (MODE2 register). • When a HIGH level is applied to OE pin, all the LED outputs are programmed to the value that is defined by OUTNE[1:0] in the MODE2 register. Table 11. LED outputs when OE = 1 OUTNE1 OUTNE0 LED outputs 0 0 0 0 1 1 if OUTDRV = 1, high-impedance if OUTDRV = 0 1 0 high-impedance 1 1 high-impedance The OE pin can be used as a synchronization signal to switch on/off several PCA9685 devices at the same time. This requires an external clock reference that provides blinking period and the duty cycle. The OE pin can also be used as an external dimming control signal. The frequency of the external clock must be high enough not to be seen by the human eye, and the duty cycle value determines the brightness of the LEDs. 7.5 Power-on reset When power is applied to VDD, an internal power-on reset holds the PCA9685 in a reset condition until VDD has reached VPOR. At this point, the reset condition is released and the PCA9685 registers and I2C-bus state machine are initialized to their default states. Thereafter, VDD must be lowered below 0.2 V to reset the device. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 27 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.6 Software reset The Software Reset Call (SWRST Call) allows all the devices in the I2C-bus to be reset to the power-up state value through a specific formatted I2C-bus command. To be performed correctly, it implies that the I2C-bus is functional and that there is no device hanging the bus. The SWRST Call function is defined as the following: 1. A START command is sent by the I2C-bus master. 2. The reserved SWRST I2C-bus address ‘0000 000’ with the R/W bit set to ‘0’ (write) is sent by the I2C-bus master. 3. The PCA9685 device(s) acknowledge(s) after seeing the General Call address ‘0000 0000’ (00h) only. If the R/W bit is set to ‘1’ (read), no acknowledge is returned to the I2C-bus master. 4. Once the General Call address has been sent and acknowledged, the master sends 1 byte with 1 specific value (SWRST data byte 1): a. Byte 1 = 06h: the PCA9685 acknowledges this value only. If byte 1 is not equal to 06h, the PCA9685 does not acknowledge it. If more than 1 byte of data is sent, the PCA9685 does not acknowledge any more. 5. Once the correct byte (SWRST data byte 1) has been sent and correctly acknowledged, the master sends a STOP command to end the SWRST Call: the PCA9685 then resets to the default value (power-up value) and is ready to be addressed again within the specified bus free time (tBUF). General Call address S 0 0 0 0 START condition 0 0 0 SWRST data byte 1 0 A 0 0 0 acknowledge from slave 0 0 1 1 0 A P acknowledge from slave STOP condition 002aac900 Fig 12. SWRST Call The I2C-bus master must interpret a non-acknowledge from the PCA9685 (at any time) as a ‘SWRST Call Abort’. The PCA9685 does not initiate a reset of its registers. This happens only when the format of the SWRST Call sequence is not correct. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 28 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 7.7 Using the PCA9685 with and without external drivers The PCA9685 LED output drivers are 5.5 V only tolerant and can sink up to 25 mA at 5 V. If the device needs to drive LEDs to a higher voltage and/or higher current, use of an external driver is required. • INVRT bit (MODE2 register) can be used to keep the LED PWM control firmware the same independently of the type of external driver. This bit allows LED output polarity inversion/non-inversion only when OE = 0. • OUTDRV bit (MODE2 register) allows minimizing the amount of external components required to control the external driver (N-type or P-type device). Use of INVRT and OUTDRV based on connection to the LEDn outputs when OE = 0[1] Table 12. INVRT OUTDRV Direct connection to LEDn Firmware External pull-up resistor External N-type driver External P-type driver Firmware Firmware External pull-up resistor External pull-up resistor 0 0 formulas and LED output state values inverted LED current formulas and LED required limiting R[2] output state values inverted formulas and LED required output state values apply 0 1 formulas and LED output state values inverted LED current formulas and LED not limiting R[2] output state required[3] [3] values apply formulas and LED not required output state values inverted 1 0 formulas and LED output state values apply[2] LED current formulas and LED required limiting R output state values apply formulas and LED required output state values inverted 1 1 formulas and LED output state values apply[2] LED current formulas and LED not required formulas and LED not limiting R output state output state values required[4] values inverted apply[4] [1] When OE = 1, LED output state is controlled only by OUTNE[1:0] bits (MODE2 register). [2] Correct configuration when LEDs directly connected to the LEDn outputs (connection to VDD through current limiting resistor). [3] Optimum configuration when external N-type (NPN, NMOS) driver used. [4] Optimum configuration when external P-type (PNP, PMOS) driver used. +5 V +5 V LED0 LED0 LED0 002aad169 002aad171 002aad170 INVRT = 0 INVRT = 1 INVRT = 1 OUTDRV = 1 OUTDRV = 1 OUTDRV = 0 Fig 13. External N-type driver PCA9685 Product data sheet Fig 14. External P-type driver All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 +VDD Fig 15. Direct LED connection © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 29 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 8. Characteristics of the I2C-bus The I2C-bus is for 2-way, 2-line communication between different ICs or modules. The two lines are a serial data line (SDA) and a serial clock line (SCL). Both lines must be connected to a positive supply via a pull-up resistor when connected to the output stages of a device. Data transfer may be initiated only when the bus is not busy. 8.1 Bit transfer One data bit is transferred during each clock pulse. The data on the SDA line must remain stable during the HIGH period of the clock pulse as changes in the data line at this time will be interpreted as control signals (see Figure 16). SDA SCL data line stable; data valid change of data allowed mba607 Fig 16. Bit transfer 8.1.1 START and STOP conditions Both data and clock lines remain HIGH when the bus is not busy. A HIGH-to-LOW transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the START condition (S). A LOW-to-HIGH transition of the data line while the clock is HIGH is defined as the STOP condition (P) (see Figure 17). SDA SCL S P START condition STOP condition mba608 Fig 17. Definition of START and STOP conditions 8.2 System configuration A device generating a message is a ‘transmitter’; a device receiving is the ‘receiver’. The device that controls the message is the ‘master’ and the devices which are controlled by the master are the ‘slaves’ (see Figure 18). PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 30 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller SDA SCL MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER SLAVE RECEIVER SLAVE TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER MASTER TRANSMITTER MASTER TRANSMITTER/ RECEIVER I2C-BUS MULTIPLEXER SLAVE 002aaa966 Fig 18. System configuration 8.3 Acknowledge The number of data bytes transferred between the START and the STOP conditions from transmitter to receiver is not limited. Each byte of eight bits is followed by one acknowledge bit. The acknowledge bit is a HIGH level put on the bus by the transmitter, whereas the master generates an extra acknowledge related clock pulse. A slave receiver which is addressed must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte. Also a master must generate an acknowledge after the reception of each byte that has been clocked out of the slave transmitter. The device that acknowledges has to pull down the SDA line during the acknowledge clock pulse, so that the SDA line is stable LOW during the HIGH period of the acknowledge related clock pulse; set-up time and hold time must be taken into account. A master receiver must signal an end of data to the transmitter by not generating an acknowledge on the last byte that has been clocked out of the slave. In this event, the transmitter must leave the data line HIGH to enable the master to generate a STOP condition. data output by transmitter not acknowledge data output by receiver acknowledge SCL from master 1 2 S START condition 8 9 clock pulse for acknowledgement 002aaa987 Fig 19. Acknowledgement on the I2C-bus PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 31 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 9. Bus transactions slave address S data for register D[7:0](1) control register 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition R/W A D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 A acknowledge from slave A acknowledge from slave P acknowledge from slave STOP condition 002aac829 (1) See Table 4 for register definition. Fig 20. Write to a specific register slave address S control register = MODE1 register 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition R/W A 0 0 acknowledge from slave LED15_OFF_L register (cont.) 0 0 0 0 0 0 MODE1 register A acknowledge from slave MODE2 register 1 A A AI bit set acknowledge from slave (cont.) acknowledge from slave LED15_OFF_H register A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave P STOP condition 002aad187 Fig 21. Write to all registers using the Auto-Increment feature; AI initially clear PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 32 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller slave address S control register = MODE1 register 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A R/W 0 0 0 0 0 acknowledge from slave 0 0 A 1 acknowledge from slave slave address (cont.) 0 MODE1 register AI bit set data from MODE1 Sr 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 1 ReSTART condition R/W acknowledge from slave data from MODE2 A acknowledge from slave (cont.) A A A acknowledge from master acknowledge from master data from LED15_OFF_H register A P STOP condition not acknowledge from master 002aad188 Fig 22. Read all registers using the Auto-Increment feature; AI initially clear control register = ALL_LED_ON_L register slave address S 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition R/W A 1 1 1 1 acknowledge from slave ALL_LED_OFF_L register (cont.) 1 0 1 ALL_LED_ON_L register 0 ALL_LED_ON_H register A A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave (cont.) ALL_LED_OFF_H register A A acknowledge from slave acknowledge from slave P STOP condition 002aad189 Fig 23. Write to ALL_LED_ON and ALL_LED_OFF registers using the Auto-Increment feature; AI initially set control register = ALL_LED_OFF_H register slave address S 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition R/W A 1 1 1 1 1 acknowledge from slave 1 0 ALL_LED_OFF_H register 1 A 0 0 acknowledge from slave 0 1 X X X X A P acknowledge from slave STOP condition 002aad190 Fig 24. Write to ALL_LED_OFF_H to turn OFF all PWMs PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 33 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller slave address sequence (A)(1) S control register 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 START condition A 0 0 0 0 0 0 data for MODE1 register 0 0 A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 ALLCALLADR register selection R/W LEDALLCALL I2C-bus address 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 START condition A 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A ALL_LED_ON_H control register 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 A enable ALL CALL acknowledge from slave 1 0 1 0 1 acknowledge from slave P STOP condition 0 1 X A acknowledge from slave P STOP condition data for control register ALL_LED_ON_L 1 0 ALL_LED_ON_L register selection R/W acknowledge(2) from all the devices configured for the new LEDALLCALL I2C-bus address (cont.) A control register 0 0 new LEDALLCALL I2C-bus address acknowledge from slave sequence (C) S 1 AI on control register START condition 0 acknowledge from slave slave address 1 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 0 0 MODE1 register selection R/W acknowledge from slave sequence (B)(1) S A A 0 0 0 0 0 acknowledge(2) from slave 0 0 0 A (cont.) acknowledge(2) from slave ALL_LED_OFF_H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 data for ALL_LED_OFF_L control register acknowledge(2) 0 A 0 0 0 0 1 acknowledge(2) from slave 0 0 0 A acknowledge(2) from slave P STOP condition 002aad192 from slave (1) In this example, several PCA9685s are used and the same sequences (A) and (B) above are sent to each of them. (2) Acknowledge from all the slave devices configured for the new LED All Call I2C-bus address in sequence (B). Fig 25. LED All Call I2C-bus address programming and LED All Call sequence example PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 34 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 10. Application design-in information 5V VDD = 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5.0 V (1) I2C-BUS/SMBus MASTER SDA (1) 12 V 10 kΩ(2) VDD SDA LED0 SCL SCL LED1 OE OE LED2 LED3 5V 12 V PCA9685 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 5V 12 V LED8 LED9 LED10 LED11 5V EXTCLK 12 V A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 LED12 LED13 A5 LED14 VSS LED15 002aac827 I2C-bus address = 1010 101x. All 16 of the LEDn outputs configurable as either open-drain or totem pole. Mixing of configuration is not possible. Remark: Set INVRT = 0, OUTDRV = 1, OUTNE = 01 (MODE2 register bits) (1) Resistor value should be chosen by referencing section 7 of UM10204, “I2C-bus specification and user manual”. (2) OE requires pull-up resistor if control signal from the master is open-drain. Fig 26. Typical application PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 35 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Question 1: What kind of edge rate control is there on the outputs? • The typical edge rates depend on the output configuration, supply voltage, and the applied load. The outputs can be configured as either open-drain NMOS or totem pole outputs. If the customer is using the part to directly drive LEDs, they should be using it in an open-drain NMOS, if they are concerned about the maximum ISS and ground bounce. The edge rate control was designed primarily to slow down the turn-on of the output device; it turns off rather quickly (~1.5 ns). In simulation, the typical turn-on time for the open-drain NMOS was ~14 ns (VDD = 3.6 V; CL = 50 pF; RPU = 500 ). Question 2: Is ground bounce possible? • Ground bounce is a possibility, especially if all 16 outputs are changed at full current (25 mA each). There is a fair amount of decoupling capacitance on chip (~50 pF), which is intended to suppress some of the ground bounce. The customer will need to determine if additional decoupling capacitance externally placed as close as physically possible to the device is required. Question 3: Can I really sink 400 mA through the single ground pin on the package and will this cause any ground bounce problem due to the PWM of the LEDs? • Yes, you can sink 400 mA through a single ground pin on the package. Although the package only has one ground pin, there are two ground pads on the die itself connected to this one pin. Although some ground bounce is likely, it will not disrupt the operation of the part and would be reduced by the external decoupling capacitance. Question 4: I can’t turn the LEDs on or off, but their registers are set properly. Why? • Check the MODE1 register SLEEP (bit 4) setting. The bit needs to be 0 in order to enable the clocking. If both clock sources (internal osc and EXTCLK) are turned OFF (bit 4 = 1), the LEDs cannot be dimmed or blinked. Question 5: I’m using LEDs with integrated Zener diodes and the IC is getting very hot. Why? • The IC outputs can be set to either open-drain or push-pull and default to push-pull outputs. In this application with the Zener diodes, they need to be set to open-drain since in the push-pull architecture there is a low resistance path to GND through the Zener and this is causing the IC to overheat. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 36 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller LED supply VIN CONSTANT CURRENT SWITCH MODE REGULATOR FB OUT Iconstant LIGHT SENSOR VDD = 2.5 V, 3.3 V or 5.0 V (1) LED string (1) 10 kΩ(2) ASIC/MICRO VDD SDA SDA LED0 SCL SCL LED1 Rsense LED2 OE OE LED3 PCA9685 LED4 LED5 LED6 LED7 EXTCLK LED8 LED9 LED10 LED11 A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 LED12 LED13 A5 LED14 VSS LED15 002aac828 I2C-bus address = 1010 101x. Remark: Set INVRT = 0, OUTDRV = 1, OUTNE = 01 (MODE2 register bits) for this configuration. (1) Resistor value should be chosen by referencing Section 7 of UM10204, “I2C-bus specification and user manual”. (2) OE requires pull-up resistor if control signal from the master is open-drain. Fig 27. LCD backlighting application PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 37 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 11. Limiting values Table 13. Limiting values In accordance with the Absolute Maximum Rating System (IEC 60134). Symbol Parameter VDD Conditions Min Max Unit supply voltage 0.5 +6.0 V VI/O voltage on an input/output pin VSS  0.5 5.5 V IO(LEDn) output current on pin LEDn - 25 mA ISS ground supply current - 400 mA Ptot total power dissipation - 400 mW Tstg storage temperature 65 +150 C Tamb ambient temperature 40 +85 C operating 12. Static characteristics Table 14. Static characteristics VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = 40 C to +85 C; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit 2.3 - 5.5 V Supply VDD supply voltage IDD supply current operating mode; no load; fSCL = 1 MHz; VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V - 6 10 mA Istb standby current no load; fSCL = 0 Hz; VI = VDD or VSS; VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V - 2.2 15.5 A VPOR power-on reset voltage no load; VI = VDD or VSS - 1.70 2.0 V [1] Input SCL; input/output SDA VIL LOW-level input voltage 0.5 - +0.3VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.7VDD - 5.5 V IOL LOW-level output current VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 2.3 V 20 28 - mA VOL = 0.4 V; VDD = 5.0 V 30 40 - mA IL leakage current VI = VDD or VSS 1 - +1 A Ci input capacitance VI = VSS - 6 10 pF mA LED driver outputs IOL LOW-level output current VOL = 0.5 V; VDD = 2.3 V to 4.5 V [2] 12 25 - [2] IOL(tot) total LOW-level output current VOL = 0.5 V; VDD = 4.5 V - - 400 mA IOH HIGH-level output current open-drain; VOH = VDD 10 - +10 A VOH HIGH-level output voltage IOH = 10 mA; VDD = 2.3 V 1.6 - - V IOH = 10 mA; VDD = 3.0 V 2.3 - - V IOH = 10 mA; VDD = 4.5 V 4.0 - - V 3-state; VOH = VDD or VSS 10 - +10 A - 5 8 pF IOZ OFF-state output current Co output capacitance PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 38 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Table 14. Static characteristics …continued VDD = 2.3 V to 5.5 V; VSS = 0 V; Tamb = 40 C to +85 C; unless otherwise specified. Symbol Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Address inputs; OE input; EXTCLK VIL LOW-level input voltage 0.5 - +0.3VDD V VIH HIGH-level input voltage 0.7VDD - 5.5 V ILI input leakage current 1 - +1 A Ci input capacitance - 3 5 pF [1] VDD must be lowered to 0.2 V in order to reset part. [2] Each bit must be limited to a maximum of 25 mA and the total package limited to 400 mA due to internal busing limits. 002aad877 10 IDD (mA) 8 002aad878 60 IOL (mA) VDD = 5.5 V VDD = 4.5 V 40 3.0 V 6 4 20 2.3 V 2 0 −50 2.3 V 3.3 V 0 50 0 −50 100 Tamb (°C) 0 50 100 Tamb (°C) Fig 29. IOL typical drive (LEDn outputs) versus temperature Fig 28. IDD typical values with OSC on and fSCL = 1 MHz versus temperature 002aad879 5 Istb (μA) 4 3 VDD = 5.5 V 2 1 3.3 V 2.3 V 0 −50 0 50 100 Tamb (°C) Fig 30. Standby supply current versus temperature PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 39 of 52 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx NXP Semiconductors PCA9685 Product data sheet 13. Dynamic characteristics Table 15. Dynamic characteristics Symbol Parameter Conditions Standard-mode I2C-bus [1] Fast-mode I2C-bus Fast-mode Plus Unit I2C-bus Min Max Min Max Min Max 0 100 0 400 0 1000 kHz MHz SCL clock frequency fEXTCLK frequency on pin EXTCLK DC 50 DC 50 DC 50 tBUF bus free time between a STOP and START condition 4.7 - 1.3 - 0.5 - s tHD;STA hold time (repeated) START condition 4.0 - 0.6 - 0.26 - s tSU;STA set-up time for a repeated START condition 4.7 - 0.6 - 0.26 - s tSU;STO set-up time for STOP condition 4.0 - 0.6 - 0.26 - s tHD;DAT data hold time 0 - 0 - 0 - ns tVD;ACK data valid acknowledge time [2] 0.3 3.45 0.1 0.9 0.05 0.45 s tVD;DAT data valid time [3] 0.3 3.45 0.1 0.9 0.05 0.45 s tSU;DAT data set-up time 250 - 100 - 50 - ns tLOW LOW period of the SCL clock 4.7 - 1.3 - 0.5 - s tHIGH HIGH period of the SCL clock 4.0 - 0.6 - 0.26 - s [6] 300 - 120 ns fall time of both SDA and SCL signals - 300 20 + 0.1Cb tr rise time of both SDA and SCL signals - 1000 20 + 0.1Cb[6] 300 - 120 ns tSP pulse width of spikes that must be suppressed by the input filter - 50 - 50 - 50 ns tPLZ LOW to OFF-state propagation delay OE to LEDn; OUTNE[1:0] = 10 or 11 in MODE2 register - 40 - 40 - 40 ns tPZL OFF-state to LOW propagation delay OE to LEDn; OUTNE[1:0] = 10 or 11 in MODE2 register - 60 - 60 - 60 ns tPHZ HIGH to OFF-state propagation delay OE to LEDn; OUTNE[1:0] = 10 or 11 in MODE2 register - 60 - 60 - 60 ns [7] PCA9685 40 of 52 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. tf [4][5] 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. fSCL xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxx x x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xx xx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxx x x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxx Dynamic characteristics …continued Symbol Parameter Conditions OE to LEDn; OUTNE[1:0] = 10 or 11 in MODE2 register Standard-mode I2C-bus Fast-mode I2C-bus Fast-mode Plus Unit I2C-bus Min Max Min Max Min Max - 40 - 40 - 40 ns tPZH OFF-state to HIGH propagation delay tPLH LOW to HIGH propagation delay OE to LEDn; OUTNE[1:0] = 01 in MODE2 register - 40 - 40 - 40 ns tPHL HIGH to LOW propagation delay OE to LEDn; OUTNE[1:0] = 00 in MODE2 register - 60 - 60 - 60 ns Minimum SCL clock frequency is limited by the bus time-out feature, which resets the serial bus interface if either SDA or SCL is held LOW for a minimum of 25 ms. Disable bus time-out feature for DC operation. [2] tVD;ACK = time for Acknowledgement signal from SCL LOW to SDA (out) LOW. [3] tVD;DAT = minimum time for SDA data out to be valid following SCL LOW. [4] A master device must internally provide a hold time of at least 300 ns for the SDA signal (refer to the VIL of the SCL signal) in order to bridge the undefined region of SCL’s falling edge. [5] The maximum tf for the SDA and SCL bus lines is specified at 300 ns. The maximum fall time (tf) for the SDA output stage is specified at 250 ns. This allows series protection resistors to be connected between the SDA and the SCL pins and the SDA/SCL bus lines without exceeding the maximum specified tf. [6] Cb = total capacitance of one bus line in pF. Input filters on the SDA and SCL inputs suppress noise spikes less than 50 ns. PCA9685 41 of 52 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. [1] [7] NXP Semiconductors PCA9685 Product data sheet Table 15. PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 0.7 × V DA 0.3 × V tr tBUF tf tHD;STA tSP tLOW 0.7 × V CL 0.3 × V tHD;STA P tSU;STA tHD;DAT S tHIGH tSU;DAT tSU;STO Sr P 002aaa9 Fig 31. Definition of timing protocol START condition (S) tSU;STA bit 7 MSB (A7) tLOW bit 6 (A6) tHIGH bit 1 (D1) acknowledge (A) bit 0 (D0) STOP condition (P) 1 / fSCL 0.7 × VDD SCL 0.3 × VDD tBUF tf tr 0.7 × VDD SDA 0.3 × VDD tSU;DAT tHD;STA tHD;DAT tVD;ACK tVD;DAT tSU;STO 002aab285 Rise and fall times refer to VIL and VIH. Fig 32. I2C-bus timing diagram VI OE input VM VM VSS tPLZ LEDn output LOW-to-OFF OFF-to-LOW tPZL VDD VM VX VOL tPZH tPHZ LEDn output HIGH-to-OFF OFF-to-HIGH VOH VY VM VSS outputs enabled outputs disabled outputs enabled 002aad810 Fig 33. tPLZ, tPZL and tPHZ, tPZH times PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 42 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 14. Test information VDD VI PULSE GENERATOR RL 500 Ω VO VDD open VSS DUT CL 50 pF RT 002aab880 RL = Load resistor for LEDn. CL = Load capacitance includes jig and probe capacitance. RT = Termination resistance should be equal to the output impedance Zo of the pulse generators. Fig 34. Test circuitry for switching times S1 VDD PULSE GENERATOR VI RL 500 Ω VO VDD × 2 open VSS DUT CL 50 pF RT RL 500 Ω 002aad811 RL = Load resistor for LEDn. CL = Load capacitance includes jig and probe capacitance. RT = Termination resistance should be equal to the output impedance Zo of the pulse generators. Test data are given in Table 16. Fig 35. Test circuitry for switching times for enable/disable Table 16. Test PCA9685 Product data sheet Test data for enable/disable switching times Load Switch CL RL tPD 50 pF 500  open tPLZ, tPZL 50 pF 500  VDD  2 tPHZ, tPZH 50 pF 500  VSS All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 43 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 15. Package outline TSSOP28: plastic thin shrink small outline package; 28 leads; body width 4.4 mm D SOT361-1 E A X c HE y v M A Z 15 28 Q A2 (A 3) A1 pin 1 index A θ Lp 1 L 14 detail X w M bp e 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A max. A1 A2 A3 bp c D (1) E (2) e HE L Lp Q v w y Z (1) θ mm 1.1 0.15 0.05 0.95 0.80 0.25 0.30 0.19 0.2 0.1 9.8 9.6 4.5 4.3 0.65 6.6 6.2 1 0.75 0.50 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.13 0.1 0.8 0.5 8o o 0 Notes 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.15 mm maximum per side are not included. 2. Plastic interlead protrusions of 0.25 mm maximum per side are not included. OUTLINE VERSION SOT361-1 REFERENCES IEC JEDEC JEITA EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 99-12-27 03-02-19 MO-153 Fig 36. Package outline SOT361-1 (TSSOP28) PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 44 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller HVQFN28: plastic thermal enhanced very thin quad flat package; no leads; 28 terminals; body 6 x 6 x 0.85 mm B D SOT788-1 A terminal 1 index area A A1 E c detail X C e1 e 14 y y1 C v M C A B w M C b 8 L 7 15 e e2 Eh 21 1 terminal 1 index area 28 22 X Dh 0 2.5 5 mm scale DIMENSIONS (mm are the original dimensions) UNIT A(1) max. A1 b c D (1) Dh E (1) Eh e e1 e2 L v w y y1 mm 1 0.05 0.00 0.35 0.25 0.2 6.1 5.9 4.25 3.95 6.1 5.9 4.25 3.95 0.65 3.9 3.9 0.75 0.50 0.1 0.05 0.05 0.1 Note 1. Plastic or metal protrusions of 0.075 mm maximum per side are not included. REFERENCES OUTLINE VERSION IEC JEDEC JEITA SOT788-1 --- MO-220 --- EUROPEAN PROJECTION ISSUE DATE 02-10-22 Fig 37. Package outline SOT788-1 (HVQFN28) PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 45 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 16. Handling information All input and output pins are protected against ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) under normal handling. When handling ensure that the appropriate precautions are taken as described in JESD625-A or equivalent standards. 17. Soldering of SMD packages This text provides a very brief insight into a complex technology. A more in-depth account of soldering ICs can be found in Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 17.1 Introduction to soldering Soldering is one of the most common methods through which packages are attached to Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs), to form electrical circuits. The soldered joint provides both the mechanical and the electrical connection. There is no single soldering method that is ideal for all IC packages. Wave soldering is often preferred when through-hole and Surface Mount Devices (SMDs) are mixed on one printed wiring board; however, it is not suitable for fine pitch SMDs. Reflow soldering is ideal for the small pitches and high densities that come with increased miniaturization. 17.2 Wave and reflow soldering Wave soldering is a joining technology in which the joints are made by solder coming from a standing wave of liquid solder. The wave soldering process is suitable for the following: • Through-hole components • Leaded or leadless SMDs, which are glued to the surface of the printed circuit board Not all SMDs can be wave soldered. Packages with solder balls, and some leadless packages which have solder lands underneath the body, cannot be wave soldered. Also, leaded SMDs with leads having a pitch smaller than ~0.6 mm cannot be wave soldered, due to an increased probability of bridging. The reflow soldering process involves applying solder paste to a board, followed by component placement and exposure to a temperature profile. Leaded packages, packages with solder balls, and leadless packages are all reflow solderable. Key characteristics in both wave and reflow soldering are: • • • • • • Board specifications, including the board finish, solder masks and vias Package footprints, including solder thieves and orientation The moisture sensitivity level of the packages Package placement Inspection and repair Lead-free soldering versus SnPb soldering 17.3 Wave soldering Key characteristics in wave soldering are: PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 46 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller • Process issues, such as application of adhesive and flux, clinching of leads, board transport, the solder wave parameters, and the time during which components are exposed to the wave • Solder bath specifications, including temperature and impurities 17.4 Reflow soldering Key characteristics in reflow soldering are: • Lead-free versus SnPb soldering; note that a lead-free reflow process usually leads to higher minimum peak temperatures (see Figure 38) than a SnPb process, thus reducing the process window • Solder paste printing issues including smearing, release, and adjusting the process window for a mix of large and small components on one board • Reflow temperature profile; this profile includes preheat, reflow (in which the board is heated to the peak temperature) and cooling down. It is imperative that the peak temperature is high enough for the solder to make reliable solder joints (a solder paste characteristic). In addition, the peak temperature must be low enough that the packages and/or boards are not damaged. The peak temperature of the package depends on package thickness and volume and is classified in accordance with Table 17 and 18 Table 17. SnPb eutectic process (from J-STD-020D) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350  350 < 2.5 235 220  2.5 220 220 Table 18. Lead-free process (from J-STD-020D) Package thickness (mm) Package reflow temperature (C) Volume (mm3) < 350 350 to 2000 > 2000 < 1.6 260 260 260 1.6 to 2.5 260 250 245 > 2.5 250 245 245 Moisture sensitivity precautions, as indicated on the packing, must be respected at all times. Studies have shown that small packages reach higher temperatures during reflow soldering, see Figure 38. PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 47 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller maximum peak temperature = MSL limit, damage level temperature minimum peak temperature = minimum soldering temperature peak temperature time 001aac844 MSL: Moisture Sensitivity Level Fig 38. Temperature profiles for large and small components For further information on temperature profiles, refer to Application Note AN10365 “Surface mount reflow soldering description”. 18. Abbreviations Table 19. PCA9685 Product data sheet Abbreviations Acronym Description CDM Charged-Device Model DUT Device Under Test EMI ElectroMagnetic Interference ESD ElectroStatic Discharge HBM Human Body Model I2C-bus Inter-Integrated Circuit bus LCD Liquid Crystal Display LED Light Emitting Diode LSB Least Significant Bit MM Machine Model MSB Most Significant Bit NMOS Negative-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor PCB Printed-Circuit Board PMOS Positive-channel Metal-Oxide Semiconductor POR Power-On Reset PWM Pulse Width Modulation; Pulse Width Modulator RGB Red/Green/Blue RGBA Red/Green/Blue/Amber SMBus System Management Bus All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 48 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 19. Revision history Table 20. Revision history Document ID Release date Data sheet status Change notice Supersedes PCA9685 v.4 20150416 Product data sheet - PCA9685 v.3 Modifications: • • Changed programmable frequency to “24 Hz to 1526 Hz” throughout Minor edits to text and figures to provide clarity regarding cycle count throughout PCA9685 v.3 20100902 Product data sheet - PCA9685 v.2 PCA9685 v.2 20090716 Product data sheet - PCA9685 v.1 PCA9685 v.1 20080724 Product data sheet - - PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 49 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 20. Legal information 20.1 Data sheet status Document status[1][2] Product status[3] Definition Objective [short] data sheet Development This document contains data from the objective specification for product development. Preliminary [short] data sheet Qualification This document contains data from the preliminary specification. Product [short] data sheet Production This document contains the product specification. [1] Please consult the most recently issued document before initiating or completing a design. [2] The term ‘short data sheet’ is explained in section “Definitions”. [3] The product status of device(s) described in this document may have changed since this document was published and may differ in case of multiple devices. The latest product status information is available on the Internet at URL http://www.nxp.com. 20.2 Definitions Draft — The document is a draft version only. The content is still under internal review and subject to formal approval, which may result in modifications or additions. NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of information included herein and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Short data sheet — A short data sheet is an extract from a full data sheet with the same product type number(s) and title. A short data sheet is intended for quick reference only and should not be relied upon to contain detailed and full information. For detailed and full information see the relevant full data sheet, which is available on request via the local NXP Semiconductors sales office. In case of any inconsistency or conflict with the short data sheet, the full data sheet shall prevail. Product specification — The information and data provided in a Product data sheet shall define the specification of the product as agreed between NXP Semiconductors and its customer, unless NXP Semiconductors and customer have explicitly agreed otherwise in writing. In no event however, shall an agreement be valid in which the NXP Semiconductors product is deemed to offer functions and qualities beyond those described in the Product data sheet. 20.3 Disclaimers Limited warranty and liability — Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. NXP Semiconductors takes no responsibility for the content in this document if provided by an information source outside of NXP Semiconductors. In no event shall NXP Semiconductors be liable for any indirect, incidental, punitive, special or consequential damages (including - without limitation - lost profits, lost savings, business interruption, costs related to the removal or replacement of any products or rework charges) whether or not such damages are based on tort (including negligence), warranty, breach of contract or any other legal theory. Notwithstanding any damages that customer might incur for any reason whatsoever, NXP Semiconductors’ aggregate and cumulative liability towards customer for the products described herein shall be limited in accordance with the Terms and conditions of commercial sale of NXP Semiconductors. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. PCA9685 Product data sheet Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in life support, life-critical or safety-critical systems or equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of an NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors and its suppliers accept no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is at the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. Customers are responsible for the design and operation of their applications and products using NXP Semiconductors products, and NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for any assistance with applications or customer product design. It is customer’s sole responsibility to determine whether the NXP Semiconductors product is suitable and fit for the customer’s applications and products planned, as well as for the planned application and use of customer’s third party customer(s). Customers should provide appropriate design and operating safeguards to minimize the risks associated with their applications and products. NXP Semiconductors does not accept any liability related to any default, damage, costs or problem which is based on any weakness or default in the customer’s applications or products, or the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). Customer is responsible for doing all necessary testing for the customer’s applications and products using NXP Semiconductors products in order to avoid a default of the applications and the products or of the application or use by customer’s third party customer(s). NXP does not accept any liability in this respect. Limiting values — Stress above one or more limiting values (as defined in the Absolute Maximum Ratings System of IEC 60134) will cause permanent damage to the device. Limiting values are stress ratings only and (proper) operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those given in the Recommended operating conditions section (if present) or the Characteristics sections of this document is not warranted. Constant or repeated exposure to limiting values will permanently and irreversibly affect the quality and reliability of the device. Terms and conditions of commercial sale — NXP Semiconductors products are sold subject to the general terms and conditions of commercial sale, as published at http://www.nxp.com/profile/terms, unless otherwise agreed in a valid written individual agreement. In case an individual agreement is concluded only the terms and conditions of the respective agreement shall apply. NXP Semiconductors hereby expressly objects to applying the customer’s general terms and conditions with regard to the purchase of NXP Semiconductors products by customer. No offer to sell or license — Nothing in this document may be interpreted or construed as an offer to sell products that is open for acceptance or the grant, conveyance or implication of any license under any copyrights, patents or other industrial or intellectual property rights. All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 50 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller Export control — This document as well as the item(s) described herein may be subject to export control regulations. Export might require a prior authorization from competent authorities. Non-automotive qualified products — Unless this data sheet expressly states that this specific NXP Semiconductors product is automotive qualified, the product is not suitable for automotive use. It is neither qualified nor tested in accordance with automotive testing or application requirements. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of non-automotive qualified products in automotive equipment or applications. In the event that customer uses the product for design-in and use in automotive applications to automotive specifications and standards, customer (a) shall use the product without NXP Semiconductors’ warranty of the product for such automotive applications, use and specifications, and (b) whenever customer uses the product for automotive applications beyond NXP Semiconductors’ specifications such use shall be solely at customer’s own risk, and (c) customer fully indemnifies NXP Semiconductors for any liability, damages or failed product claims resulting from customer design and use of the product for automotive applications beyond NXP Semiconductors’ standard warranty and NXP Semiconductors’ product specifications. Translations — A non-English (translated) version of a document is for reference only. The English version shall prevail in case of any discrepancy between the translated and English versions. 20.4 Trademarks Notice: All referenced brands, product names, service names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners. 21. Contact information For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com PCA9685 Product data sheet All information provided in this document is subject to legal disclaimers. Rev. 4 — 16 April 2015 © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. 51 of 52 PCA9685 NXP Semiconductors 16-channel, 12-bit PWM Fm+ I2C-bus LED controller 22. Contents 1 2 3 4 4.1 5 6 6.1 6.2 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.1.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.3.5 7.3.6 7.3.7 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 8 8.1 8.1.1 8.2 8.3 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Features and benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Ordering options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Pinning information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pinning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Functional description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Device addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Regular I2C-bus slave address. . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 LED All Call I2C-bus address . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 LED Sub Call I2C-bus addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Software Reset I2C-bus address . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Control register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Register definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Mode register 1, MODE1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Restart mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Mode register 2, MODE2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 LED output and PWM control . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 ALL_LED_ON and ALL_LED_OFF control. . . 25 PWM frequency PRE_SCALE . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 SUBADR1 to SUBADR3, I2C-bus subaddress 1 to 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 ALLCALLADR, LED All Call I2C-bus address. 26 Active LOW output enable input . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Power-on reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Software reset. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Using the PCA9685 with and without external drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Characteristics of the I2C-bus . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Bit transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 START and STOP conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 System configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Acknowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Bus transactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Application design-in information . . . . . . . . . 35 Limiting values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Static characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Dynamic characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Test information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Handling information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 Soldering of SMD packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 18 19 20 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 21 22 Introduction to soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave and reflow soldering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wave soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reflow soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data sheet status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Disclaimers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trademarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contact information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 46 46 47 48 49 50 50 50 50 51 51 52 Please be aware that important notices concerning this document and the product(s) described herein, have been included in section ‘Legal information’. © NXP Semiconductors N.V. 2015. All rights reserved. For more information, please visit: http://www.nxp.com For sales office addresses, please send an email to: salesaddresses@nxp.com Date of release: 16 April 2015 Document identifier: PCA9685