OM5595,699

NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 1 April 2009 - PUBLIC NXP Semiconductors - Public NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 Document Information Information Title Audience Abstract Legal Notice Description NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 Technical and marketing people The NFC Forum is an industry consortium to further develop and improve the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. NFC is a new short range wireless connectivity technology that evolved from a combination of existing contactless identification and interconnection technologies. NFC enables intuitive and easy to use consumer devices interactions. Based on NFC the NFC Forum has created the NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF) and the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation. NDEF is a data format to encapsulate and identify application data that is exchanged between NFC enabled devices. A type of such device is the NFC Forum Type Tag. The Type Tags are contactless cards based on currently available products capable to store NDEF formatted data. NDEF and the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation allow new kind of touch based applications: Smart Poster, automatic wireless communication configuration (e.g. Bluetooth pairing), electronic business card exchange, etc. Such applications can be implemented using already available in the market NFC enabled tag products: MIFARE Ultralight, MIFARE Ultralight C, MIFARE DESFire, SmartMX, Innovision Topaz, and Sony FeliCa. This document describes the NFC Forum, NDEF, the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation, the NFC enabled tag products, and several use cases related to the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation. Finally the Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation based on the NXP family products MIFARE Classic 1k/4k/Mini is also described. MIFARE, DESFire, SmartMX and JCOP are registered trademarks of NXP B.V. Java and Java Card are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. FeliCa is a registered trademark of Sony Corporation. NFC Forum and the NFC Forum logo are trademarks or service marks of the Near Field Communication Forum in the United States and in other countries. Other product and company names mentioned herein may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. Change History Version 1.0 2 of 24 Status Approved Description Initial Version © NXP B.V. 2009 Date 2009/04/01 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................5 1.1 References ........................................................................................................................5 1.2 Abbreviations.....................................................................................................................7 2. NFC Forum ..............................................................................................................................8 2.1 The NFC Forum Device ....................................................................................................8 2.2 The NFC Forum Device in Reader/Writer Operating Mode ..............................................9 2.3 The NFC Forum Tag .......................................................................................................10 3. Storage of Application Data.................................................................................................10 3.1 The Application Data .......................................................................................................11 3.2 NDEF...............................................................................................................................11 3.3 The NFC Forum Type Tag Platform................................................................................12 3.4 The Product (NFC Forum Tag) .......................................................................................13 4. Use Cases..............................................................................................................................15 4.1 Smart Poster Use Case...................................................................................................15 4.2 Handover Use Case ........................................................................................................15 4.3 vCard Use Case ..............................................................................................................15 4.4 URL Use Case ................................................................................................................15 4.5 SMS Use Case................................................................................................................16 4.6 Call Request Use Case ...................................................................................................16 5. Use Cases vs. Products .......................................................................................................17 6. Disclaimers............................................................................................................................18 Appendix A. NXP Specific Type Tag Platform........................................................................19 A.1 The Product (NXP Specific Type Tag) ............................................................................20 A.2 Use Cases vs. Products ..................................................................................................22 Appendix B. Best Practices .....................................................................................................23 B.1 Formatting procedure during the Tag’s first use..............................................................23 B.2 Formatting procedure during Tag Production..................................................................24 B.3 Samples ..........................................................................................................................24 PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 3 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES Figure 1 - NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer Operating Mode. The Protocol Stack elements in the gray rectangles are the ones described by this document. ......................................... 9 Figure 2 - Overview of the Application Data, NDEF, the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform and the Product................................................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 3 - NDEF Message. ................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 4 - NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer Operating Mode................................... 19 Table 1 - Referenced documents.......................................................................................................... 5 Table 2 - Abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 7 Table 3 - Communication links (indicated with “9”) between an NFC Forum Devices and either an NFC Forum Device, NFC Forum Tag or a Reader/Writer Terminal...................................................... 8 Table 4 - NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and related products. ....................................................... 13 Table 5 - Comparison of the different products compatible with the NFC Forum (Type Tag) Platforms. ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 Table 6 - Comparisons between Use Cases and NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms compatible Products.............................................................................................................................................. 17 Table 7 - NXP Specific Type Tag Platform and related products........................................................ 20 Table 8 - Comparison of the different products compatible with the NFC Forum (Type Tag) Platforms and the NXP Specific (Type Tag) Platform. ........................................................................................ 21 Table 9 - Comparisons between Use Cases and NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and NXP Type Tag Platform compatible Products. ............................................................................................................ 22 4 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 1. INTRODUCTION This white paper gives a technical introduction to the NFC Forum Type Tags, the use cases where these devices can be applied and a comparison of currently available products. The document consists of the following chapters: • Chapter 2 describes the NFC Forum consortium, the NFC Forum device, and the NFC Forum Tag, • Chapter 3 describes the storage of application data into the NFC Forum Type Tag platform and the NXP specific Type Tag platform, • Chapter 4 describes several common use cases such as Smart Poster, Handover, vCard, URL, SMS and Call request, • Chapter 5 compares based on the use cases of chapter 4 several NFC Forum tag products, • Appendix A describes the NXP Type Tag Platform based on MIFARE Classic 1K/4K/mini, and • Appendix B describes best practices. 1.1 References The following Table 1 contains referenced documents. Table 1 - Referenced documents. Reference [HANDOVER] [NDEF] [NFC FORUM] [NFC RTD] [NFCIP-1] [NXP 1K] PUBLIC Document Connection Handover, Candidate Technical Specification, NFC Forum, Connection Handover 1.0, April 14, 2008 (downloadable from www.nfc-forum.org/specs/) NFC Data Exchange Format (NDEF), Technical Specification, NFC Forum, Revision 1.0, July 24, 2006 (downloadable from www.nfcforum.org/specs/) www.nfc-forum.org NFC Record Type Definition (RTD), Technical Specification, NFC Forum, RTD 1.0, July 24, 2006 (downloadable from www.nfcforum.org/specs/) ISO/IEC 18092:2004, Information technology – Telecommunications and information exchange between systems – Near Field Communication – Interface and Protocol (NFCIP-1) MF1 IC S50, Functional Specification, DocNo. 1052 (downloadable from http://www.nxp.com/products/identification/MIFARE/classic/ see “MF1 ICS50 Functional Specification (350kB)”) © NXP B.V. 2009 5 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 [NXP 4K] [NXP DES] [NXP MAD] [NXP MFNFC] [NXP MFTT] [NXP MINI] [NXP T2T] [NXP T4T] [NXP UL] [NXP ULC] [RFC 2425] [RFC 2426] [SP RTD] [TEXT RTD] [TYPE 1 TAG] 6 of 24 MF1 IC S70, Standard 4 kByte Card IC Functional Specification, DocNo. 0435 (downloadable from http://www.nxp.com/products/identification/MIFARE/classic/ see “MF1 ICS70 Functional specification (413kB)”) MIFARE DESFire, Contactless Multi-Application IC with DES and 3DES Security, MF3 IC D40, DocNo. 0750 (to be requested from nxp.docu-control@nxp.com) AN MAD, MIFARE Application Directory, DocNo. 1830 (downloadable from http://www.nxp.com/products/identification/MIFARE/index.html see “AN MAD MIFARE application directory (763kB)”) Application Note MIFARE Std as NFC Forum Enabled Tag, Revision 1.1, Document Number 130511, NXP Semiconductors, August 21, 2007 (downloadable from www.nxp.com/nfc see “Application Note MIFARE Standard as NFC Forum Tag 1.1 130511”) Application Note Type MIFARE 1k/4k Tag, Revision 1.1, Document Number 130411, NXP Semiconductors, August 21, 2007 (downloadable from www.nxp.com/nfc see “Application Note Type MIFARE Standard 1k-4k Tag 1.1 130411”) MF1 IC S20, Functional Specification, DocNo. 1322 (downloadable from http://www.nxp.com/products/identification/MIFARE/classic/ see “MF1 ICS20 Functional Specification (372kB)”) Application Note MIFARE Ultralight as Type 2 Tag, Revision 1.2, Document Number 130312, NXP Semiconductors, May 15, 2008 (downloadable from www.nxp.com/nfc see “Application Note MIFARE Ultralight as Type 2 Tag 1.2 130312”) Application Note MIFARE DESFire as Type 4 Tag, Revision 1.1, Document Number 130211, NXP Semiconductors, August 21, 2007 (downloadable from www.nxp.com/nfc see “Application Note MIFARE DESFire as Type 4 Tag 1.1 130211”) MF0 IC U1, Functional Specification Contactless Single-trip Ticket IC, DocNo. 028632 (downloadable from http://www.nxp.com/products/identification/MIFARE/ultralight/index. html see “MF0 ICU1 Functional specification contactless single-trip ticket IC (358kB)”) MF0 ICU2 Functional specification contactless single-trip ticket IC, DocNo. 1376 (to be requested from nxp.docu-control@nxp.com) MIME Content-Type for Directory Information, RFC 2425, IETF, September 1998 vCard MIME Directory Profile, RFC 2426, IETF, September 1998 Smart Poster Record Type Definition, Technical Specification, NFC Forum, SPR 1.1, July 24, 2006 (downloadable from www.nfcforum.org/specs/) Text Record Type Definition, Technical Specification, NFC Forum, RTD-Text 1.0, July 24, 2006 (downloadable from www.nfcforum.org/specs/) NFC Forum, Type 1 Tag Operation Specification, July 9, 2007 (downloadable from www.nfc-forum.org/specs/) © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 [TYPE 2 TAG] [TYPE 3 TAG] [TYPE 4 TAG] [URI RTD] [VCARD21] NFC Forum, Type 2 Tag Operation Specification, July 9, 2007 (downloadable from www.nfc-forum.org/specs/) NFC Forum, Type 3 Tag Operation Specification, August 16, 2007 (downloadable from www.nfc-forum.org/specs/) NFC Forum, Type 4 Tag Operation Specification, March 13, 2007 (downloadable from www.nfc-forum.org/specs/) URI Record Type Definition, Technical Specification, NFC Forum, RTD-URI 1.0, July 24, 2006 (downloadable from www.nfcforum.org/specs/) vCard, The Electronic Business Card, Version 2.1, Versit Consortium Specification, September 18, 1996 1.2 Abbreviations For the purposes of this document the following abbreviations in Table 2 apply. Table 2 - Abbreviations Acronym LAN MIME NDEF NFC PDA PIN SMS SSID URI URL WEP key PUBLIC Description Local Area Network Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions NFC Data Exchange Format Near Field Communication Personal Digital Assistant Personal Identification Number Short Message Service Service Set Identifier Uniform Resource Identifier Uniform Resource Locator Wired Equivalent Privacy key © NXP B.V. 2009 7 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 2. NFC FORUM The NFC Forum is an industry consortium to further develop and improve the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology guaranteeing interoperability among devices and services. NFC is a new short range, low power contact-less technology. NFC enables intuitive and easy to use communications. The NFC technology can be applied to consumer electronics, mobile devices, and PCs. For more information see [NFC FORUM]. 2.1 The NFC Forum Device The NFC Forum distinguishes between NFC Forum Devices and NFC Forum Tags. An NFC Forum Device is a device that implements at least the mandatory parts of the NFC Forum Protocol Stack and complies with the NFC Forum interoperability requirements. An NFC Forum Device may support different NFC Forum Operating Modes: NFC Forum Peer Mode (mandatory), NFC Forum Reader/Writer Mode (mandatory), and NFC Forum Card Emulation Mode (Optional). The NFC Forum Device can be a mobile phone, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a PCs or a consumer electronic device. An NFC Forum Tag is a contactless tag compatible to one of four NFC Forum Tag platforms (see section 2.3 and chapter 3) or a Target according to ISO/IEC 18092 (see [NFCIP-1]). Table 3 - Communication links (indicated with “9”) between an NFC Forum Devices and either an NFC Forum Device, NFC Forum Tag or a Reader/Writer Terminal. Communication link between an NFC Forum Device in… … and … …an NFC Forum Device in … …an NFC Forum Tag … …a Reader / Writer Terminal …NFC Forum Peer Mode …NFC Forum Peer Mode… …NFC Forum Reader / Write Mode… …NFC Forum Card Emulation Mode… 9 - - …NFC Forum Reader/Write Mode - - 9 …NFC Forum Card Emulation Mode - 9 - …operating as ISO 18092 Target - (9)* - …operating as one of the NFC Forum Type Tag platforms - 9 - - - - 9 * This document focuses on this communication link. Table 3 shows the possible communication links between the NFC Forum Device (in different Operating Modes) and either an NFC Forum Device, NFC Forum Tag or a Reader/Writer Terminal. Note that an NFC Forum Device in the NFC Forum Card Emulation Mode can communicate with a Reader/Writer Terminal. 8 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 This document focuses on the communication link highlighted in Table 3 with the symbol (9)*, in particular: The “Communication link between an NFC Forum Device in NFC Forum Reader/Writer Mode and an NFC Forum Tag operating as one of the NFC Forum Type Tag platforms”. 2.2 The NFC Forum Device in Reader/Writer Operating Mode In NFC Forum Reader/Writer Mode, an NFC Forum Device shall have the capability to communicate with the NFC Forum Tags reading or writing data into it. Figure 1 - NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer Operating Mode. The Protocol Stack elements in the gray rectangles are the ones described by this document. The NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer mode is described in Figure 1 and consists of the following Protocol Stack elements: • Digital Protocol, Analog: lower protocols e.g. [NFCIP-1]. • Type Tag 1-4 Operation: commands and instructions used by an NFC Forum Device (see [TYPE 1 TAG, TYPE 2 TAG, TYPE 3 TAG, TYPE 4 TAG]) to operate the NFC Forum Tag that is based on the NFC Forum Type 1-4 Tag Platforms. • NDEF Applications: applications like Smart Poster, v-Card…based on NDEF (see [NDEF] and chapter 4). • Non-NDEF Applications: vendor specific applications that are not based on NDEF. The Protocol Stack elements in the gray rectangles are the ones described by this document. Note : NXP has also specified the Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation to operate the NXP MIFARE Classic 1K/4K/Mini Tag, see Appendix A. PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 9 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 2.3 The NFC Forum Tag The NFC Forum Tag is a contactless tag that can operate according to one of the four NFC Forum tag platforms called NFC Forum Type 1-4 Tag Platforms (see chapter 3). Note that the NFC Forum does not specify the NFC Forum Tag, but how to operate them from the NFC Forum device in Reader/Writer mode perspective. The application data that can be stored inside the NFC Forum Tag are described in the following chapter 3. 3. STORAGE OF APPLICATION DATA This chapter describes how application data is stored inside an NFC Forum Tag (also called product). The application data stored inside an NFC Forum Tag is encapsulated firstly into an NDEF message and secondly into the data structure specified by the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform. The NDEF message and the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform encapsulations are used to identify the type of application data e.g. an URL, a v-Card or a Jpeg image (see label “text/x-vCard” in Figure 2) and to guarantee the interoperability and the co-existence between applications. Figure 2 shows an overview of the following 4 elements and how they are encapsulated into each other: • the application data: the v-Card on the left-hand side, • the NDEF Message: the parcel, • the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform (data structure): the container with the text “Type 2 Tag”, and • the Product (NFC Forum Tag): for example the NXP MIFARE Ultralight card. These 4 elements are going to be described in the following sections. BEGIN:VCARD VERSION:3.0 … END:VCARD Application Data Type 2 Tag text/xvCard NDEF Message NFC Forum Type Tag Platform Product (NFC Forum Tag) Figure 2 - Overview of the Application Data, NDEF, the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform and the Product. 10 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 3.1 The Application Data The application data is any kind of information that can be stored into a NFC Forum Tag. Examples of available application data are shown below: • • • URI: o URL: “http://www.nxp.com” o Telephone Number: “tel:+49 40 5613 5013” o SMS: “sms:+494056135013?Body=Ciao!” o E-mail: "mailto:nfc@nfc.com" Text: o “Hello World!”, “Morjens, maailma” o “NXP web-site” Smart Poster = Text + URI +… o • • Handover Parameters o Bluetooth parameters: PIN, Bluetooth address… o WiFi parameters: SSID, WEP key… Business Card o • “NXP web-site” + ”http://www.nxp.com” vCard Signature The number of different application data types that can be stored into an NFC Forum Tag (if we do not consider the available memory space) is unlimited thanks to the flexible identification system provided by NDEF. For more information see next section 3.2. 3.2 NDEF The NDEF specification (see [NDEF]) defines a message encapsulation format to exchange information between an NFC Forum Device and another NFC Forum Device or an NFC Forum Tag. NDEF record NDEF record Application-defined payload NDEF record NDEF record … NDEF record Application-defined payload Figure 3 - NDEF Message. PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 11 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 NDEF is a lightweight, binary message format that can be used to encapsulate one or more application-defined payloads of arbitrary type and size into a single construct called NDEF message (see Figure 3). An application-defined payload is encapsulated inside one single NDEF record, or chunked into two or more NDEF records. One or more application-defined payload contains the Application Data. Each application-defined payload is described by a Type, and an Optional Identifier: • Type identifiers may be URIs, MIME media types, or NFC-specific types (see [NDEF, NFC RTD]). • Optional Identifier enables association of multiple payloads and crossreferencing between them. Examples of Type identifiers based on MIME Media Types are the following: application/acad application/applefile application/astound application/dsptype application/dxf application/futuresplash application/gzip application/listenup application/mac-binhex40 application/mbedlet application/mif application/msexcel application/mshelp application/mspowerpoint application/msword application/octet-stream application/oda application/pdf application/postscript application/rtc application/rtf application/studiom application/toolbook application/xhtml+xml application/xml application/x-bcpio application/x-compress application/x-cpio application/x-csh application/x-director application/x-dvi application/x-envoy application/x-gtar application/x-hdf application/x-httpd-php application/x-javascript application/x-latex application/x-macbinary application/x-mif application/x-netcdf application/x-nschat application/x-sh application/x-shar application/x-sprite application/x-stuffit application/x-supercard application/x-sv4cpio application/x-sv4crc application/x-tar image/cis-cod image/cmu-raster image/fif image/gif image/ief image/jpeg image/png image/tiff image/vasa image/vnd.wap.wbmp image/x-freehand image/x-icon image/x-portable-anymap image/x-portable-bitmap image/x-portable-graymap image/x-portable-pixmap image/x-rgb image/x-windowdump image/x-xbitmap image/x-xpixmap message/external-body message/http message/news message/partial message/rfc822 text/css text/html text/javascript text/plain text/richtext text/rtf text/tab-separated-values text/vnd.wap.wml text/vnd.wap.wmlscript text/xml text/x-setext text/x-sgml text/x-speech text/x-vcard text/xvcal video/mpeg video/quicktime video/vnd.vivo video/x-msvideo 3.3 The NFC Forum Type Tag Platform The NFC Forum Type Tag platform is a container to store NDEF messages that guarantees co-existence with already existing product applications. The NFC Forum Type Tag platform is product independent although there are products compatible with it (NFC Forum Tag like Innovision Topaz, NXP MIFARE Ultralight and Sony FeliCa see next section 3.4). The NFC Forum Type Tag Platform shall not be confused with the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation Specifications (see [TYPE 1 TAG, TYPE 2 TAG, TYPE 3 TAG and TYPE 4 TAG]). These four documents describe how an NFC Forum Device operates the NFC Forum Type 1-4 Tag platform ensuring that the user experience for the service initiation of e.g. Smart Poster is consistent. Note : Similarly to the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform, NXP has also specified an additional Type Tag Platform based on the MIFARE Classic family. The NXP specific Type Tag Platform can store NDEF Messages guaranteeing the co-existence with already existing product applications related to the MIFARE Classic family products. For more information see Appendix A. 12 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 3.4 The Product (NFC Forum Tag) Each NFC Forum Type Tag Platform has been build on top of existing available off the shelf products. These products are usually contactless tags referred in the NFC Forum terminology as NFC Forum Tags. Table 4 describes the relationship between the NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and the compatible and available products at the time of writing of this document. Table 4 - NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and related products. # 1 2 NFC Forum Platform NFC Forum Type 1 Tag NFC Forum Type 2 Tag 3 4 NFC Forum Type 3 Tag NFC Forum Type 4 Tag Compatible Products Innovision Topaz NXP MIFARE Ultralight NXP MIFARE Ultralight C Sony FeliCa NXP DESFire NXP SmartMX with JCOP or other compatible contactless products Note : For the NXP specific Type Tag Platform for MIFARE Classic family products, see Appendix Section A.1. A comparison of the different products compatible with the NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms is shown in Table 5. In Table 5 the following terminology is used: • Active Content: the content of the NFC Forum Tag can be modified not only by the NFC Forum Device, but also by the NFC Forum Tag itself. A typical example is an NFC Forum Tag based on the Java Card technology that is able to change the NDEF content to implement a self-incremental counter. This counter may be incremented by 1 during each read access. • Operation Specification: the NFC Forum documents [TYPE 1 TAG, TYPE 2 TAG, TYPE 3 TAG, TYPE 4 TAG] made to describe how to operate the NFC Forum Type 1-4 Tag platforms. • NXP Supporting Documents: NXP Application Notes [NXP T2T, NXP T4T] describing: • PUBLIC o how to set the NXP products to be compliant to the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation Specifications. o how to use the additional NXP product features remaining compatible with the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation Specifications. NXP Product Datasheet: Datasheets specific to the NXP products. © NXP B.V. 2009 13 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 Table 5 - Comparison of the different products compatible with the NFC Forum (Type Tag) Platforms. NFC Forum Platform Type 1 Tag Type 2 Tag Type 3 Tag Type 4 Tag Compatible Products Innovision Topaz NXP MIFARE Ultralight / NXP MIFARE Ultralight C Sony FeliCa NXP DESFire / NXP SmartMX-JCOP Memory Size 96 Bytes 48 Bytes / 144 Bytes 1, 4, 9 KB 4 KB / 32 KB Unit Price Low Low High Medium / High Data Access Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Active Content 8 8/8 8 8/9 Operation Specifications [TYPE 1 TAG] [TYPE 2 TAG] [TYPE 3 TAG] [TYPE 4 TAG] NXP Supporting Documents - [NXP T2T] - [NXP T4T] NXP Product Datasheets - [NXP UL, NXP ULC] - [NXP DES] Note : For comparison of the different products including the NXP Specific Type Tag Platform for MIFARE Classic family products, see Appendix Section A.1. 14 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 4. USE CASES The NFC Type tags enable many kinds of use cases. In the next sections the following use cases are described in details: Smart Poster, Handover, vCard, URL, SMS and Call Request. 4.1 Smart Poster Use Case A typical example of Smart Poster use case is when the user touches with an NFC Forum Device (e.g. mobile phone) the NFC Forum Tag integrated into a poster and reads out the application data stored into it. The application data of the NFC Forum Tag can be e.g. the web-page address of the concert advertised by the poster. In this case the NFC Forum Device may open a browser window and connect to the Internet to retrieve the web-page. For more technical information see [SP RTD, TEXT RTD, and URI RTD]. 4.2 Handover Use Case The handover use case consists in exchanging of configuration information via the NFC link to easily establish a connection over e.g. Bluetooth or Wireless LAN. A typical example of Handover use case is: the user touches with his NFC Forum Device (e.g. a Personal Digital Assistant, PDA) the NFC Forum Tag attached on top of a WiFi router. The NFC Forum Tag contains the configuration data that is used by the PDA to setup the Wireless LAN interface and to establish the wireless connection to the WiFi router. For more technical information see [HANDOVER]. 4.3 vCard Use Case The vCard use case consists of an NFC Forum Tag embedded into a business card that contains an electronic vCard (see [VCARD21, RFC 2425, and RFC 2426]) with the person details. Reading the tag using an NFC Forum device like a mobile phone or a notebook, the user can retrieve and save the vCard information into his address book. This saves the user from manually typing the person details of the business card. If the memory space of the NFC Forum Tag is big enough even a Jpeg image can be stored in the electronic vCard. 4.4 URL Use Case The URL use case consists on reading an NFC Forum Tag that is integrated into a leaflet or into a credit-card size label. The NFC Forum Tag contains a NDEF message with stored the URL address of a web-page. The label or the leaflet may be read using a notebook or a mobile device both equipped with the NFC interface. As soon as the notebook has read the label, it opens automatically the web-browser on the indicated URL address. PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 15 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 For more technical information see [URI RTD, SP RTD, and TEXT RTD]. 4.5 SMS Use Case The SMS use case consists on reading an NFC Forum Tag that is integrated into for example a credit-card size label. The NFC Forum Tag contains an SMS that can be read by a NFC enable device e.g. mobile phone. The user reading this label sends the predefined SMS either retrieving the ring tone shown by the label or activating any of nowadays SMS services. For more technical information see [URI RTD, SP RTD, and TEXT RTD]. 4.6 Call Request Use Case The Call Request use case is the call of the phone number stored into an NFC Forum Tag. The phone number may be written by the user into the NFC Forum Tag by means of an NFC enabled mobile phone. Afterwards reading the NFC Forum Tag the user can make a call request on the stored phone number. For example my grandma can touch with her NFC enabled mobile phone her grandson’s photo. The photo has embedded an NFC Forum Tag from where the mobile phone gets and calls automatically the grandson’s phone number without any further complicated actions needed from my grandma. For more technical information see [URI RTD, SP RTD, and TEXT RTD]. 16 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 5. USE CASES VS. PRODUCTS Table 6 provides a comparison between the use cases and the different products complaint to the NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms. In particular it is shown: • the possibility to use the product in combination with a specific use case, • the limitations of the product in combination with a specific use case, and • the advantages of the product in combination with a specific use case. Table 6 - Comparisons between Use Cases and NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms compatible Products. Use Case NFC Forum Platform Compatible Products Type 1 Tag Innovision Topaz Type 2 Tag NXP MIFARE Ultralight / NXP MIFARE Ultralight C 9 Type 3 Tag Sony FeliCa Price Memory Size Memory Size, ISO APDU, Speed 9 Type 4 Tag NXP DESFire / NXP SmartMX-JCOP 9 Smart Poster - Limitations - Advantages (9 )* Memory Size Price Handover 9 9 9 vCard (9 )* Memory Size Price 8 Price 8 9 ISO APDU 9 - Limitations - Advantages - - Jpeg Image Jpeg Image, ISO APDU, Speed SMS (9 )* Memory Size Price 9 9 9 Price 140 octets len URL - Limitations - Advantages 9 9 9 ISO APDU, 140 octects len 9 Price Price Memory Size Memory Size, ISO APDU, Speed Call Request 9 9 9 9 - Limitations - Advantages Price Price - ISO APDU - Limitations - Advantages - Limitations - Advantages * Due to not sufficient memory size the product has strong limitation to be used in combination with the use case Note : For a comparison with the NXP specific Type Tag Platform, see Appendix Section A.2. PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 17 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 6. DISCLAIMERS General — All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited without the prior written consent of the copyright owner. The information presented in this document does not form part of any quotation or contract. Publication thereof does not convey nor imply any license under patent- or other industrial or intellectual property rights. Information in this document is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, NXP Semiconductors does not give any representations or warranties, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of such information and shall have no liability for the consequences of use of such information. Right to make changes — NXP Semiconductors reserves the right to make changes to information published in this document, including without limitation specifications and product descriptions, at any time and without notice. This document supersedes and replaces all information supplied prior to the publication hereof. Suitability for use — NXP Semiconductors products are not designed, authorized or warranted to be suitable for use in medical, military, aircraft, space or life support equipment, nor in applications where failure or malfunction of a NXP Semiconductors product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury, death or severe property or environmental damage. NXP Semiconductors accepts no liability for inclusion and/or use of NXP Semiconductors products in such equipment or applications and therefore such inclusion and/or use is for the customer’s own risk. Applications — Applications that are described herein for any of these products are for illustrative purposes only. NXP Semiconductors makes no representation or warranty that such applications will be suitable for the specified use without further testing or modification. 18 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 APPENDIX A. NXP SPECIFIC TYPE TAG PLATFORM Similarly to the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform, NXP has also specified in the Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation how to operate a Type Tag Platform based on the MIFARE Classic family. This NXP specific Type Tag Platform can store NDEF Messages guaranteeing the co-existence with already existing product applications related to the MIFARE Classic family products. Figure 4 - NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer Operating Mode. In order to operate the NXP specific Type Tag Platform based on the MIFARE Classic family, the NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer mode (see Figure 1) must be modified to include an additional Protocol Stack element called Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation. The resulting NFC Forum Device Architecture in Reader/Writer mode is described in Figure 4 and consists of the following Protocol Stack elements: • Digital Protocol, Analog: lower protocols e.g. [NFCIP-1] • Type Tag 1-4 Operation, Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation: commands and instructions (see [TYPE 1 TAG, TYPE 2 TAG, TYPE 3 TAG, TYPE 4 TAG, NXP MFTT]) to operate the NFC Forum Tag based on the NFC Forum Type 14 Tag Platforms, and to operate the NXP MIFARE Classic 1K/4K/Mini Tag based on Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation. • NDEF Applications: applications like Smart Poster, v-Card…based on NDEF (see [NDEF] and chapter 4). • Non-NDEF Applications: vendor specific applications that are not based on NDEF. In Figure 4 the Protocol Stack element called Type MIFARE Classic Tag Operation has been highlighted in white and gray, for comparison see Figure 1. PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 19 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 A.1 The Product (NXP Specific Type Tag) Each NXP specific Type Tag Platform has been build on top of existing available off the shelf products. Table 7 describes the relationship between the NXP specific Type Tag Platform and the compatible and available products at the time of writing of this document. Table 7 - NXP Specific Type Tag Platform and related products. # 1 NXP Specific Platform Type MIFARE Classic Tag Compatible Products NXP MIFARE Classic 1k NXP MIFARE Classic 4k NXP MIFARE Classic Mini Similarly to Table 5, a comparison of the different products compatible with the NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and additionally the NXP Specific Type Tag Platform is shown in Table 8. In Table 8 the following terminology is used: • Active Content: the content of the NFC Forum Tag can be modified not only by the NFC Forum Device, but also by the NFC Forum Tag itself. A typical example is an NFC Forum Tag based on the Java Card technology that is able to change the NDEF content to implement a self-incremental counter. This counter may be incremented by 1 during each read access. • Operation Specification: the NFC Forum documents [TYPE 1 TAG, TYPE 2 TAG, TYPE 3 TAG, TYPE 4 TAG] and the NXP Application Note [NXP MFTT] made to describe how to operate respectively the NFC Forum Type 1-4 Tag platforms and the MIFARE Classic 1k/4k/Mini tag to store NDEF messages. • NXP Supporting Documents: NXP Application Notes [NXP T2T, NXP T4T, NXP MFNFC] describing: • 20 of 24 o how to set the NXP products to be compliant to the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation Specifications. o how to use the additional NXP product features remaining compatible with the NFC Forum Type Tag Operation Specifications. NXP Product Datasheet: Datasheets specific to the NXP products. © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 Table 8 - Comparison of the different products compatible with the NFC Forum (Type Tag) Platforms and the NXP Specific (Type Tag) Platform. NFC Forum Platform PUBLIC NXP Specific Platform Type 1 Tag Type 2 Tag Type 3 Tag Type 4 Tag Type MIFARE Classic Tag Compatible Products Innovision Topaz NXP MIFARE Ultralight / NXP MIFARE Ultralight C Sony FeliCa NXP DESFire / NXP SmartMXJCOP NXP MIFARE Classic 1k / NXP MIFARE Classic 4k / NXP MIFARE Classic Mini Memory Size 96 Bytes 48 Bytes / 144 Bytes 1, 4, 9 KB 4 KB / 32 KB 768 Bytes / 3584 Bytes / 192 Bytes Unit Price Low Low High Medium / High Low Data Access Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Read/Write or Read-only Active Content 8 8/8 8 8/9 8/8/8 Operation Specifications [TYPE 1 TAG] [TYPE 2 TAG] [TYPE 3 TAG] [TYPE 4 TAG] [NXP MFTT] NXP Supporting Documents - [NXP T2T] - [NXP T4T] [NXP MFNFC] NXP Product Datasheets - [NXP UL, NXP ULC] - [NXP DES] [NXP 1K, NXP 4K, NXP MINI, NXP MAD] © NXP B.V. 2009 21 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 A.2 Use Cases vs. Products Table 9 provides a comparison between the use cases and the different products complaint to the NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and the additionally NXP specific Type Tag Platform. In particular it is shown: • the possibility to use the product in combination with a specific use case, • the limitations of the product in combination with a specific use case, and • the advantages of the product in combination with a specific use case. Table 9 - Comparisons between Use Cases and NFC Forum Type Tag Platforms and NXP Type Tag Platform compatible Products. Use Case NFC Forum Platform Compatible Products NXP Specific Platform Compatible Products Type 1 Tag Innovision Topaz Type 2 Tag NXP MIFARE Ultralight / NXP MIFARE Ultralight C Type 3 Tag Sony FeliCa Type 4 Tag NXP DESFire / NXP SmartMXJCOP Type MIFARE Classic Tag NXP MIFARE Classic 1k / NXP MIFARE Classic 4k / NXP MIFARE Classic Mini Smart Poster - Limitations - Advantages (9 )* Memory Size Price 9 9 9 9 Price Memory Size Memory Size, Price Handover 9 9 vCard (9 )* Memory Size Price 8 Memory Size, ISO APDU, Speed 9 Price 8 9 ISO APDU 9 Price 9 - Limitations - Advantages - - Jpeg Image Jpeg Image, ISO APDU, Speed Price SMS (9 )* Memory Size Price 9 9 9 9 Price 140 octets len URL - Limitations - Advantages 9 9 9 ISO APDU, 140 octects len 9 Price, 140 octets len 9 Price Price Memory Size Memory Size, ISO APDU, Speed Memory Size, Price Call Request 9 9 9 9 9 - Limitations - Advantages Price Price - ISO APDU Price - Limitations - Advantages - Limitations - Advantages 9 * Due to not sufficient memory size the product has strong limitation to be used in combination with the use case 22 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC NFC Forum Type Tags NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 APPENDIX B. BEST PRACTICES The NXP products MIFARE Ultralight, MIFARE Ultralight C, MIFARE DESFire and MIFARE Classic 1k/4k/Mini shall be formatted to be compliant with the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform or to the NXP Specific Type Tag Platform. The formatting is a procedure that consists of sending a sequence of commands to the contactless tags in order to configure the functionalities and the internal data structures. This is necessary to set the contactless tags to be compliant with the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform or to the NXP Specific Type Tag Platform. For the NXP products the formatting procedures use mainly specific commands. The general formatting procedures are described in the following Application Notes: • [NXP T2T] for MIFARE Ultralight and MIFARE Ultralight C, • [NXP T4T] for MIFARE DESFire, and • [NXP MFNFC] for MIFARE Classic 1k/4k/Mini. The formatting procedure can be integrated in the tag production or it can be implemented in an NFC Forum Device e.g. mobile phone to format tags at their first use. The following sections describe some more details of the formatting procedure in these two cases. B.1 Formatting procedure during the Tag’s first use When a tag is presented in front of an NFC Forum Device (e.g. mobile phone), the NFC Forum Device does not know how to format it being not aware a priori of the tag specific information like the type of product (i.e. MIFARE Ultralight, MIFARE Ultralight C, MIFARE DESFire, MIFARE Classic 1k/4k/Mini) and the product settings. This information is fundamental for conducting successfully the formatting procedure and it shall be automatically detected by the NFC Forum Device. Due to the previous issues before formatting a product the NFC Forum Device uses specific command sequences (for more information see [NXP T2T, NXP T4T, NXP MFNFC]) to be able to: • identify the type of product: MIFARE Ultralight, MIFARE Ultralight C, MIFARE DESFire, …, • detect the product settings, • if it is the case, exclude from formatting: o products already set to be complaint with the NFC Forum Type Tag Platform or to the NXP Platform, or o products containing data for applications different from the NFC Forum Type Tag one e.g. ticket of an already existing infrastructure. Finally if the product type and settings are correct, the product can be formatted accordingly. PUBLIC © NXP B.V. 2009 23 of 24 NXP B.V. NFC Forum Type Tags NFC Forum Type Tags White Paper V1.0 B.2 Formatting procedure during Tag Production During tag production the formatting procedure can be drastically simplified due to the knowledge a priori of the tag specific information. The specific command sequences to get this information can be simplified or may not be needed at all. In this way the tag may be directly formatted. B.3 Samples NXP provides the following sample sets of already formatted tags: • 5 tags MIFARE Ultralight (OM5591) – NFC Forum Type 2 Tag platform, • 5 tags MIFARE DESFire (OM5594) – NFC Forum Type 4 Tag platform, • 5 tags MIFARE Classic 1k (OM5592) – NXP Type MIFARE Classic 1k Tag platform, • 5 tags MIFARE Classic 4k (OM5593) – NXP Type MIFARE Classic 4k Tag platform, or • the previous 4 tag sets all together in a single kit (OM5595). To request the samples please contact the NXP Sales representatives. 24 of 24 © NXP B.V. 2009 PUBLIC