PROMOTORCHKA2E

Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions The Future of Lighting Low Power, Lofty Opportunities freescale.com/lighting The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions Market Overview The New Light High-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs) are taking the lighting industry by storm. Brilliant colors, long life and energy efficiency are just three reasons why high-brightness LEDs are gaining rapid popularity in the automotive, consumer and industrial markets. With improved output intensities, drive circuitry and packaging technologies, high-brightness LED systems offer tremendous opportunities for dazzling new lighting applications. High-brightness LEDs are used in outdoor signage, innovative building designs, landscaping, traffic signaling, medical diagnostics instruments, aircraft interiors and as alternatives in flashlights, bicycle lights, lanterns and entertainment lighting. Benefits: • Energy efficient • Long operating life (up to 100K hours of operation) • Fully dimmable saturated colors • Automatic on • Environmentally friendly products • Durability • Range of true colors • Compact size • Programmability • Design flexibility High-power LED systems require a constant current to maintain color integrity and provide luminosity. For portable devices the system also needs to be smart enough to alert the user to a low-battery condition and compensate to maintain the constant current through the LED. Freescale Semiconductor's intelligent high-brightness LED driver solutions can be set to act as a constant current control to configure the LEDs operated in a rated forward current. They also have power saving features to limit the loss on LED driving stages and over temperature/ voltage/current fault detection to help protect the system. With Freescale’s simple interface, microcontrollers (MCUs) help control the parameters to generate correct colors for a particular application. In the following pages you will find information about Freescale’s controlled solutions for architectural lighting, LCD backlight applications and MR16 LED bulb applications (intelligent flash lights) among other applications that can greatly benefit from LED technology. On our Web site, www.freescale.com/lighting, you’ll find the technical documentation you need on Freescale’s MCU portfolio and development tools and reference designs to help you get started on your new high brightness LED project development.  freescale.com/lighting The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions Control Interface Application Note The control of high-brightness LEDs (HBLED) requires a constant current, maintained over temperature and voltage. Care must be taken to design a driver and control system that will optimize reliability and accuracy by delivering constant current. Using a cost effective MCU to power the HBLED increases system flexibility and functionality for the next generation of lighting applications. LED luminosity and reliability depend on the thermal control an MCU can provide. In addition, control protocols such as DALI, DMX512 and the ZigBee™ specification can be implemented at a low cost using MCU-based LED drivers. Freescale’s application note High Power LED Driver Interface (AN3321) introduces the user to MCU-based LED drivers using DC-DC converters with buck, boost or buck/boost topologies. The contents of the application note include: • Overview of power terminology, LED specifics and MCU interface and control options • High-brightness and high-current LED control, covering buck, boost and buck/boost topologies • MCU control of DC-DC converter • An MCU base driver example with design goals, control loop description and component selection • Lighting control protocols DALI, DMX512 and the ZigBee specification • User interfaces, including LCD display, button and slider switch • Cross references and an appendix with DALI and DMX command stacks The full application note is available as a PDF download from www.freescale.com/lighting. freescale.com/lighting  The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions Architectural Lighting Application Innovative new highbrightness LED-based technology can use light to transform spaces, sites and building signs into striking works of art. Overview the MCU to remotely control additional light sources through Architectural lighting is an application market such communication protocols as DALI, where aesthetic design is as important as DMX512, Ethernet, USB, RS232 and the illumination. It covers outdoor illumination for ZigBee specification. buildings, towers, bridges, squares, signage and others as well as indoor illumination for The MCU-based system must be cost rooms, lobbies and halls. Innovative new effective and flexible enough to support HBLED-based technology can use light to multiple LED-based lighting sources of HCS08 Microcontroller Family transform spaces, sites and building brands different types powered by 12V DC–24V DC into striking works of art. It can even be used power supply units. The system also requires Required Features to replace neon signs and bulb lamps. enough memory to store different scenes and • 16K in-application re-programmable flash memory Design Challenge • 1K random access memory (RAM) The MCU-based control solution for HBLED control, including pulse-width modulation, architectural lighting is a lighting playback frequency modulation and bit-angle controller or interpreter, which stores or modulation. Each technique requires a translates a specific scene or sequence for • Dual 2-channel, 16-bit timers (IC, OC, PWM) different level of MCU performance, therefore future playback. It sets the desired dimming any MCU-based system should be powerful level and turns specific light sources on or off • Internal clock generator (zero external components) enough and flexible enough to support any of to produce the required illumination scene. these dimming techniques. • 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) • SPI, I²C, 2x SCI • Programmable frequency-locked loop (FLL) and post-FLL divider generates from 32 kHz to 20 MHz bus speeds to support a stand-alone playback mode. Different techniques are used for dimming Furthermore, integrated connectivity enables Architectural Lighting • Trimmable with temperature and voltage compensation (typically < 2% drift) • Optional external crystal, resonator or clock 12V DC–24V DC AC Input 12V DC–24VDC • System protection MCU power supply 3.3V DC or 5V DC • Computer operating properly (COP) • Low-voltage detect/reset @ nominal 1.8V • Low-battery warning at nominal 2.4V or 2.1V PWM PWM Control PWM Control Rs ADC/ Comp S08 MCU  ADC/ Comp Iout SPI UART GPIO & Timer ZigBee™ DMX DALI FB Control Rs Rs freescale.com/lighting The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions DMX512-SMAC Bridge The 908E625 is a highly integrated HBLED solutions. It also demonstrates the single-package 8-bit solution that includes a Freescale-integrated solution using general high-performance HC08 microcontroller with purpose microcontrollers, analog devices and a SMARTMOS™ analog control IC. The HC08 intelligent distributed control ICs. However, in includes flash memory, a timer, enhanced many applications driving the HBLED is not serial communications interface (ESCI), an the only requirement. The DMX512-SMAC ADC, serial peripheral interface (SPI) and an bridge board gives users the capability to internal clock generator module. The analog incorporate wired or wireless connectivity in control die provides fully protected H-Bridge/ their HBLED solutions. high-side outputs, voltage regulator, watchdog and local interconnect network HBLED 908E625 Board (LIN) physical layer. • Features the 908E625 MCU The single-package solution, together with • I/O emulating SPI communication to MC13192 RF transceiver LIN, provides optimal application performance adjustments and space-saving PCB design. It is especially suited for automotive mirror, door lock and light-leveling applications control. • SMAC 4.1 to control the MC13192 • Buck regulator implementation to drive HBLEDs • Capable of driving 4-350 mA HBLEDs • Internal low-side MOSFETS using current limitation feature MM908E625 Features • High-performance M68HC08 core • 100 Hz PWM with 20 steps for LED dimming • 1616K on-chip flash memory • 512 Bytes RAM • Code Size: 4381 Bytes • Two 16-bit, 2-channel timers • RAM Size: 132 Bytes • 10-bit ADC • Three 2-terminal hall sensor inputs DMX512—SMAC Bridge Board • One analog input with switchable current source • Features the 9S08GT60 MCU • Four low-resistive half-bridge outputs • RS485 standard @ 250 Kbps • One low-resistive high-side output • Supports DMX 512 serial protocol • Uses SMAC 4.1 to control the MC13192 RF transceiver • 16 microcontroller I/Os • Currently supports four channels Application Features • Code Size: 4018 Bytes • RAM Size: 1448 Bytes An evaluation tool using a Freescale HBLED 908E625 board with a DMX512SMAC bridge board is a general-purpose platform that allows users to prototype their RS485 RF DMX512 Bridge Board freescale.com/lighting HBLEDs RD Board  The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions Promotorch Overview 10-bit ADC for accurate measurements and HBLEDs, offering dramatic improvements in solid-state lighting over traditional LEDs, are rapidly spreading into a number of supply, which maximizes energy transfer an internal band-gap reference to monitor between the battery and the HBLED. battery voltage for brightness compensation The 908QB microcontroller measures the and system battery level. current through its 10-bit ADC then uses that feedback to control light output on new applications in automotive, consumer Promotorch the HBLED. A potentiometer controls the and other important markets. When using this new technology, however, new design Freescale demonstrates its ability to control challenges need to be addressed. HBLED HBLEDs with Promotorch, a demo platform systems require a high constant-current to based on a buck topology switching power brightness. Eight traditional LEDs provide visual feedback on the battery voltage status and the HBLED intensity levels. deliver superior light output and maintain color integrity. Systems need to be smart enough to know when the source voltage is dropping and to compensate to maintain constant current through the LED. Freescale's general-purpose 8-bit MCUs are excellent system-level controllers, offering a high level of on-chip integration, including a Promotorch Demo Board SW1 1 2 L1 220UH Q1 IRF75241 3 C1 1 Q1 R11 D1 BAT1 2 1 BAT2 LUXEON 2 C2 VDD C3 R12 LED7 LED8 A VDD MC68HC908 PTA0/TCH0/AD0/KBI0 1 PTA1/TCH1/AD1/KBI1 16 13 PTA2/IRQ/KBI2/TCLK 12 PTA3/RST/KBI3 9 PTA4/OSC2/AD2/KBI4 PTA5/OSC1/AD3/KBI5 R8 Y LED6 R7 A LED5 R6 A LED4 R5 LED3 Y R4 R3 Y LED2 A R2 R1 A LED1 R16 3 2 15 14 11 10 7 6  AD4/SCK/PTB0 AD5/MOS/PTB1 AD6/MSO/PTB2 AD7/SS/PTB3 AD8/RX/PTB4 AD9/TX/PTB5 TCH2/PTB6 TCH3/PTB7 VSS R14 CW RP1 C4 R15 SW2 freescale.com/lighting The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions MC9RS08KA2 Controlled High-Brightness LED Overview Innovative HBLED solutions are rapidly gaining popularity in low-cost applications that require an extremely cost-effective bill-of-materials. However, low-end HBLED applications still require a high level of system control as well as high constant-current to KA2 8-bit MCU offers an economical This maximizes energy transfer between solution for this application. The on-chip the battery and the HBLED. The KA2 analog comparator is designed to provide an microcontroller is used to measure the current accurate current measurement, which allows through its on-chip analog comparator, then feedback control to maintain a constant level uses that feedback to control luminosity in the LED forward current. intensity on the LED. The user can toggle between two MCU-controlled potential divider KA2 HBLED Demo settings to vary the LED brightness levels. The maintain color integrity and high light output. demo unit also includes an open-source BDM Freescale demonstrates its ability to control Freescale’s general-purpose ultra-low-end interface for easy firmware evaluation. the HBLED with a KA2 demo unit based on Options for Advanced Functionality Recommended Device Key Features 8-bit   MC9S08AW60 PWM, 10-bit ADC, SCI, SPI, I2C, Flash, ICS 16-bit   MC9S12GC26 PWM, 10-bit ADC, SCI, SPI, Flash, Low-Pin Count DSC   56F801 PWM, 10-bit ADC, SCI, SPI, Flash, Low-Pin Count a buck topology switching power supply. MC9RS08KA2 EVB+HBLED Demo MCU_VDD BDC_RESET_VPP BDC_BKGD MCU_VDD 1 3 R27 JP3 2 U3 BDC_RESET_VPP 1 2 MCU_VDD 3 GND 4 PA2/K2/RST PA3/AO/BKGD VDD VSS PA0/K0/A+ PA1/K1/APA4/K4 PA5/K5 8 7 6 5 ACMP+ ACMPPWM DIM1 R28 Q4 L3 9RS08KA2DN C20 D8 GND R30 WARM-WHITE SW2 GND C22 C21 D7 C23 C24 R29 C25 MCU_VDD GND R24 ACMP+ R25 DIM0 freescale.com/lighting R26 DIM1  The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions MR16 LED Bulb Application Overview LED Bulb Demo HBLEDs offer several advantages over The QT2 is used as an intelligent driver to halogen bulbs for high-power lighting control the LED brightness level. A buck solutions. These include longer operating life, topology switching converter is implemented low-volt operation and no mercury or fragile to convert a 12V input supply to a current glass. The major design challenges when regulated output for LED driving. Power replacing halogen bulbs with HBLEDs include: metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect how to implement a drop-in replacement for transistor (MOSFET) switching is controlled by a compact-sized halogen bulb in a standard the MCU’s PWM output, and the LED current MR16 form factor; how to convert a 12V is monitored by an ADC module through a supply to drive the LED with constant current current sensing circuit. Based on the feedback and how to control dimming settings without voltage from the ADC, the MCU is designed additional wiring. to adjust the PWM duty cycle in close-loop Freescale’s general-purpose 8-bit MC68HC908QT2 MCU offers a high level of on-chip integration for this application, including an 8-bit ADC designed to provide accurate measurements on LED forward current, a 16-bit timer module to generate a PWM control signal for DC-DC conversion and on-chip flash memory for storing the dimming settings. control to keep a constant LED driving current. The dimming level can be adjusted by directly changing the regulated LED current, which is proportional to the target value used in the ADC comparison loop. The pre-set dimming levels (target values) are stored in MCU flash memory. When the system is powered on, the brightness setting is established when the previous dimming level is restored from memory. The current dimming level is designed to be saved in memory again if the system is operated for more than 12 seconds, otherwise the next step dimming level will be recognized as the configuration for the next power-on-brightness setting. There is no additional control signal for dimming setting, only the power-on-time is used.  freescale.com/lighting The Future of Lighting Freescale High Brightness LED Solutions MCF532x PWM, 10-bit ADC, SCI, SPI, I2C, Flash, ICS, ACMP 16-bit   MC9S12GC26 PWM, 10-bit ADC, SCI, SPI, Flash, Low Pin Count DSC   56F801 PWM, 10-bit ADC, SCI, SPI, Flash, Low Pin Count MBR0520LT1 (SOD-123) D3 CON2 1 2 VIN R9 D4 2PINBASE C5 C6 VDD C4 C3 MM3Z5V1ST1 (SOD-323) MCU DC-DC Converter U1 1 2 3 4 AUTO VDD PTA5 VIN PTA0/AD0 PTA1/TCH1 VSS PTA2/KB12 VDD PTA3/KB13 PTA5/DSC1 PTA4/AD2 8 7 6 5 PWM PTA2 PTA3 PTA4 R1 MC68HC908QT2 CON3 1 2 4 3 6 5 7 8 AUTO VDD PWM PTA2 PTA3 PTA4 ISEN C1 CON2 1 2 2PINBASE D HEADER_2X4 PTA5 L1 MC9S08QG4 Supply D1   MBR1301T1 (SOD-123) 8-bit D7 Key Features D5 Recommended Device QT2 LED Demo Board D6 Options for Advanced Functionality PWM R2 R3 G Q2 S Current Sensing VIN R7 ISEN E D2 B R4 Q1 C R8 R6 freescale.com/lighting AUTO C2  The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions Backlight Solution Freescale offers exceptional support, helping customers to design smarter products and get them to market faster. Options for Advanced Functionality Recommended Device Key Features Overview Intelligent Driver Using an HBLED backlight system in an LCD The intelligent driver solution creates new monitor or TV offers dramatic advantages opportunities for cost-effective HBLED over conventional cold cathode fluorescent backlight designs. It includes constant-current lamp (CCFL) backlighting, delivering more control to configure the LEDs operated brilliant colors and brighter pictures in a more in rated forward current, a power saving environmentally friendly solution, since this is feature to limit the loss on LED driving stages a totally lead-free and mercury-free solution. and over-temperature/voltage/current fault HBLED backlight system design requires a detection to help protect the system. A smart and adaptive control methodology to simple interface can easily set up the desired ensure optimized color space for different color space, and the MCU can control all parameters to generate the correct colors for 8-bit   display contents, excellent color contrast for a particular application. The control algorithm MC9S08QG4 PWM, 10 bits ADC, SCI, SPI, I2C, Flash, ICS, ACMP desktop publishing and a consistent color setting in manufacturing. maintains accurate color tracking over the 16-bit   Freescale provides a comprehensive range of solutions with value extending far beyond a MC9S12GC26 PWM, 10 bits ADC, SCI, SPI, Flash, Low Pin Count DSC   56F801 PWM, 10 bits ADC, SCI, SPI, Flash, Low Pin Count temperature range and is able to compensate for characteristics drift on analog devices. basic controller or analog control circuit. Backlight LCD Display LCD Panel and Back Light Module Interface to LCD Controller for Adjusting Color Temp, Brightness SCI/SPI Sync Safety Detection 10 Intensity Uniformity Feedback OSC Color Sensor Inputs DBG Panel Temperature ADC Channel INT GPIO Intelligent Driver Flash/RAM Freescale MCU Core PWM Timers freescale.com/lighting The Future of Lighting Freescale High-Brightness LED Solutions Implementing DMX512 Protocol Entertainment lighting markets have adopted the DMX512 protocol because it’s simple and has the necessary characteristics for a single, unified-illumination standard. The HBLED market is attracting new players as low-end MCUs enable new applications. These newly enabled applications include automotive signage, mobile appliances and a wide variety of general illumination systems. Some novel uses for HBLEDs range from water purification modules to automated systems for cultivating vegetables through the combined use of RGB LEDs. In many cases, these new applications will be controlled by a central control unit that requires a connectivity interface. In the lighting market today this connectivity is dominated by two protocols: DMX512 and DALI. Freescale’s Application Note DMX512 Protocol Implementation Using MC9S08GT60 8-bit MCU (AN3315) details how the DMX512 protocol can be deployed using a popular Freescale 8-bit microcontroller. The contents of the application note include: • Overview • DMX512 protocol overview, including physical layer and data protocol • Software implementation with software flowchart, code description advantages and disadvantages of using interrupt or non-interrupt methods, interrupt- and non-interrupt-based code and DMX512 frame-detection code • DMX512 implementation constraints • DMX512 hardware implementation • Test considerations and conclusions The full application note, DMX512 Protocol Implementation Using MC9S08GT60 8-bit MCU, is available as a PDF download from www.freescale.com/lighting. freescale.com/lighting 11 Learn More: For more information about Freescale products, please visit www.freescale.com Freescale® and the Freescale logo are trademaks of Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. The HC08 products incorporate SuperFlash® technology licensed from SST. © Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. 2007 DOCNUMBER: BRHIBRIGHTLEDSOL / REV 1 Mouser Electronics Authorized Distributor Click to View Pricing, Inventory, Delivery & Lifecycle Information: Freescale Semiconductor: PROMOTORCHKA2E