MC9S12XEP100
Reference Manual
Covers MC9S12XE Family
HCS12X
Microcontrollers
MC9S12XEP100RMV1
Rev. 1.25
02/2013
freescale.com
To provide the most up-to-date information, the document revision on the World Wide Web is the most
current. A printed copy may be an earlier revision. To verif, refer to:
freescale.com
This document contains information for the complete S12XE-Family and thus includes a set of separate
FTM module sections to cover the whole family. A full list of family members and options is included in
the appendices.
This document contains information for all constituent modules, with the exception of the S12X CPU. For
S12X CPU information please refer to CPU12XV2 in the CPU12/CPU12X Reference Manual.
Revision History. Refer to module section revision history tables for more information.
Date
Revision
Description
1.18
Updated NVM timing parameter section for brownout case
Specified time delay from RESET to start of CPU code execution
Added NVM patch Part IDs
Enhanced ECT GPIO / timer function transitioning description
Dec, 2008
1.19
Updated 208MAPBGA thermal parameters
Revised TIM flag clearing procedure
Corrected CRG register address
Added maskset identifier suffix for ATMC fab
Fixed typos
Aug, 2009
1.20
Added 208MAPBGA disclaimer
Added VREAPI to PT5. Added LVR Note to electricals.
Updates to TIM/ECT/XGATE/SCI/MSCAN (see embedded rev. history)
Apr, 2010
1.21
FTM section (see FTM revision history)
PIM section (see PIM revision history)
May, 2010
1.22
ECT and TIM sections (see ECT, TIM revision history tables)
BDM Alternate clock source defined in device overview
Sep, 2010
1.23
Added S12XEG256 option. Updated MSCAN section
Aug, 2012
1.24
Added bandgap voltage to electricals
Added new maskset and Part ID numbers
Minor updates to MSCAN,SCI and S12XINT sections
Removed BGA disclaimer
Feb, 2013
1.25
Updated MSCAN section
Formatting updates and minor corrections in PWM, CRG, BDM, DBG sections
Updated Ordering Information
Sep, 2008
Chapter 1
Device Overview MC9S12XE-Family. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Chapter 2
Port Integration Module (S12XEP100PIMV1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Chapter 3
Memory Mapping Control (S12XMMCV4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Chapter 4
Memory Protection Unit (S12XMPUV1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Chapter 5
External Bus Interface (S12XEBIV4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Chapter 6
Interrupt (S12XINTV2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Chapter 7
Background Debug Module (S12XBDMV2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
Chapter 8
S12X Debug (S12XDBGV3) Module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Chapter 9
Security (S12XE9SECV2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
Chapter 10
XGATE (S12XGATEV3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
Chapter 11
S12XE Clocks and Reset Generator (S12XECRGV1) . . . . . . 469
Chapter 12
Pierce Oscillator (S12XOSCLCPV2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
Chapter 13
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC12B16CV1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Chapter 14
Enhanced Capture Timer (ECT16B8CV3). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
Chapter 15
Inter-Integrated Circuit (IICV3) Block Description. . . . . . . . . 579
Chapter 16
Scalable Controller Area Network (S12MSCANV3) . . . . . . . . 605
Chapter 17
Periodic Interrupt Timer (S12PIT24B8CV2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
Chapter 18
Periodic Interrupt Timer (S12PIT24B4CV2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
Chapter 19
Pulse-Width Modulator (S12PWM8B8CV1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
Chapter 20
Serial Communication Interface (S12SCIV5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
Chapter 21
Serial Peripheral Interface (S12SPIV5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
Chapter 22
Timer Module (TIM16B8CV2) Block Description . . . . . . . . . . 787
Chapter 23
Voltage Regulator (S12VREGL3V3V1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
Chapter 24
128 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM128K2V1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
Chapter 25
256 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM256K2V1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 891
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Chapter 26
384 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM384K2V1) . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
Chapter 27
512 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM512K3V1) . . . . . . . . . . . 1016
Chapter 28
768 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM768K4V2) . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
Chapter 29
1024 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM1024K5V2) . . . . . . . . . 1140
Appendix A Electrical Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
Appendix B Package Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1258
Appendix C PCB Layout Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1260
Appendix D Derivative Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1268
Appendix E Detailed Register Address Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1271
Appendix F Ordering Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1322
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Chapter 1
Device Overview MC9S12XE-Family
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
1.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.1.4 Device Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.1.5 Address Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
1.1.6 Detailed Register Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
1.1.7 Part ID Assignments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1.2.1 Device Pinout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
1.2.2 Pin Assignment Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1.2.3 Detailed Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
1.2.4 Power Supply Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
System Clock Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
1.4.1 Chip Configuration Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
1.4.2 Power Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
1.4.3 Freeze Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
1.4.4 System States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Resets and Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
1.6.1 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
1.6.2 Vectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
1.6.3 Effects of Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
ADC0 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1.7.1 External Trigger Input Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
1.7.2 ADC0 Channel[17] Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
ADC1 External Trigger Input Connection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
MPU Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
VREG Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
1.10.1 Temperature Sensor Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
BDM Clock Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
S12XEPIM Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Oscillator Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Chapter 2
Port Integration Module (S12XEPIMV1)
2.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
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2.2
2.3
2.1.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
2.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.3.1 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.3.3 Port A Data Register (PORTA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.3.4 Port B Data Register (PORTB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
2.3.5 Port A Data Direction Register (DDRA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
2.3.6 Port B Data Direction Register (DDRB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
2.3.7 Port C Data Register (PORTC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
2.3.8 Port D Data Register (PORTD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.3.9 Port C Data Direction Register (DDRC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.3.10 Port D Data Direction Register (DDRD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
2.3.11 Port E Data Register (PORTE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
2.3.12 Port E Data Direction Register (DDRE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2.3.13 S12X_EBI ports, BKGD pin Pull-up Control Register (PUCR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2.3.14 S12X_EBI ports Reduced Drive Register (RDRIV) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
2.3.15 ECLK Control Register (ECLKCTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
2.3.16 PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
2.3.17 IRQ Control Register (IRQCR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
2.3.18 PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
2.3.19 Port K Data Register (PORTK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
2.3.20 Port K Data Direction Register (DDRK) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
2.3.21 Port T Data Register (PTT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
2.3.22 Port T Input Register (PTIT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
2.3.23 Port T Data Direction Register (DDRT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
2.3.24 Port T Reduced Drive Register (RDRT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
2.3.25 Port T Pull Device Enable Register (PERT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
2.3.26 Port T Polarity Select Register (PPST) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2.3.27 PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2.3.28 PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
2.3.29 Port S Data Register (PTS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
2.3.30 Port S Input Register (PTIS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
2.3.31 Port S Data Direction Register (DDRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
2.3.32 Port S Reduced Drive Register (RDRS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
2.3.33 Port S Pull Device Enable Register (PERS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2.3.34 Port S Polarity Select Register (PPSS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
2.3.35 Port S Wired-Or Mode Register (WOMS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2.3.36 PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
2.3.37 Port M Data Register (PTM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
2.3.38 Port M Input Register (PTIM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
2.3.39 Port M Data Direction Register (DDRM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
2.3.40 Port M Reduced Drive Register (RDRM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
2.3.41 Port M Pull Device Enable Register (PERM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
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2.3.82
2.3.83
2.3.84
2.3.85
2.3.86
Port M Polarity Select Register (PPSM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Port M Wired-Or Mode Register (WOMM) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
Module Routing Register (MODRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
Port P Data Register (PTP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137
Port P Input Register (PTIP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
Port P Data Direction Register (DDRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Port P Reduced Drive Register (RDRP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Port P Pull Device Enable Register (PERP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Port P Polarity Select Register (PPSP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Port P Interrupt Enable Register (PIEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
Port P Interrupt Flag Register (PIFP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Port H Data Register (PTH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
Port H Input Register (PTIH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Port H Data Direction Register (DDRH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Port H Reduced Drive Register (RDRH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
Port H Pull Device Enable Register (PERH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Port H Polarity Select Register (PPSH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
Port H Interrupt Enable Register (PIEH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Port H Interrupt Flag Register (PIFH) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Port J Data Register (PTJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Port J Input Register (PTIJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Port J Data Direction Register (DDRJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
Port J Reduced Drive Register (RDRJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Port J Pull Device Enable Register (PERJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Port J Polarity Select Register (PPSJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Port J Interrupt Enable Register (PIEJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Port J Interrupt Flag Register (PIFJ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Port AD0 Data Register 0 (PT0AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Port AD0 Data Register 1 (PT1AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155
Port AD0 Data Direction Register 0 (DDR0AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Port AD0 Data Direction Register 1 (DDR1AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156
Port AD0 Reduced Drive Register 0 (RDR0AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
Port AD0 Reduced Drive Register 1 (RDR1AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Port AD0 Pull Up Enable Register 0 (PER0AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
Port AD0 Pull Up Enable Register 1 (PER1AD0) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Port AD1 Data Register 0 (PT0AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Port AD1 Data Register 1 (PT1AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Port AD1 Data Direction Register 0 (DDR0AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Port AD1 Data Direction Register 1 (DDR1AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Port AD1 Reduced Drive Register 0 (RDR0AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Port AD1 Reduced Drive Register 1 (RDR1AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Port AD1 Pull Up Enable Register 0 (PER0AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Port AD1 Pull Up Enable Register 1 (PER1AD1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
Port R Data Register (PTR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Port R Input Register (PTIR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
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2.3.87 Port R Data Direction Register (DDRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
2.3.88 Port R Reduced Drive Register (RDRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
2.3.89 Port R Pull Device Enable Register (PERR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
2.3.90 Port R Polarity Select Register (PPSR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
2.3.91 PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
2.3.92 Port R Routing Register (PTRRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
2.3.93 Port L Data Register (PTL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
2.3.94 Port L Input Register (PTIL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
2.3.95 Port L Data Direction Register (DDRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
2.3.96 Port L Reduced Drive Register (RDRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
2.3.97 Port L Pull Device Enable Register (PERL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
2.3.98 Port L Polarity Select Register (PPSL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
2.3.99 Port L Wired-Or Mode Register (WOML) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
2.3.100Port L Routing Register (PTLRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
2.3.101Port F Data Register (PTF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
2.3.102Port F Input Register (PTIF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
2.3.103Port F Data Direction Register (DDRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
2.3.104Port F Reduced Drive Register (RDRF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
2.3.105Port F Pull Device Enable Register (PERF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
2.3.106Port F Polarity Select Register (PPSF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
2.3.107PIM Reserved Register . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
2.3.108Port F Routing Register (PTFRR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
2.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
2.4.2 Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
2.4.3 Pins and Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
2.4.4 Pin interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
Initialization Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
2.5.1 Port Data and Data Direction Register writes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186
Chapter 3
Memory Mapping Control (S12XMMCV4)
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
3.1.1 Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
3.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188
3.1.3 S12X Memory Mapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
3.1.4 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
3.1.5 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
3.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192
3.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
3.4.1 MCU Operating Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
3.4.2 Memory Map Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
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3.4.3 Chip Access Restrictions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
3.4.4 Chip Bus Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
3.5.1 CALL and RTC Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
3.5.2 Port Replacement Registers (PRRs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220
3.5.3 On-Chip ROM Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221
Chapter 4
Memory Protection Unit (S12XMPUV1)
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
4.1.1 Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
4.1.2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
4.1.3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
4.1.4 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
4.3.1 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
4.4.1 Protection Descriptors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
4.4.2 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
4.5.1 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Chapter 5
External Bus Interface (S12XEBIV4)
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
5.1.1 Glossary or Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
5.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
5.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
5.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
5.4.1 Operating Modes and External Bus Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
5.4.2 Internal Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
5.4.3 Accesses to Port Replacement Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
5.4.4 Stretched External Bus Accesses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
5.4.5 Data Select and Data Direction Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
5.4.6 Low-Power Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
5.5.1 Normal Expanded Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
5.5.2 Emulation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
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Chapter 6
Interrupt (S12XINTV2)
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
6.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
6.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
6.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
6.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264
Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
6.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
6.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
6.4.1 S12X Exception Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
6.4.2 Interrupt Prioritization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
6.4.3 XGATE Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
6.4.4 Priority Decoders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
6.4.5 Reset Exception Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
6.4.6 Exception Priority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
6.5.1 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
6.5.2 Interrupt Nesting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
6.5.3 Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
Chapter 7
Background Debug Module (S12XBDMV2)
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
7.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
7.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
7.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
7.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
7.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
7.3.3 Family ID Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
7.4.1 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
7.4.2 Enabling and Activating BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
7.4.3 BDM Hardware Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289
7.4.4 Standard BDM Firmware Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
7.4.5 BDM Command Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
7.4.6 BDM Serial Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
7.4.7 Serial Interface Hardware Handshake Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296
7.4.8 Hardware Handshake Abort Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
7.4.9 SYNC — Request Timed Reference Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
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7.4.10 Instruction Tracing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
7.4.11 Serial Communication Time Out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
Chapter 8
S12X Debug (S12XDBGV3) Module
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
8.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
8.1.2 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
8.1.3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306
8.1.4 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307
8.1.5 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
8.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
8.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326
8.4.1 S12XDBG Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
8.4.2 Comparator Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
8.4.3 Trigger Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
8.4.4 State Sequence Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
8.4.5 Trace Buffer Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
8.4.6 Tagging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341
8.4.7 Breakpoints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Chapter 9
Security (S12XE9SECV2)
9.1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
9.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347
9.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
9.1.3 Securing the Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348
9.1.4 Operation of the Secured Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
9.1.5 Unsecuring the Microcontroller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350
9.1.6 Reprogramming the Security Bits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
9.1.7 Complete Memory Erase (Special Modes) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351
Chapter 10
XGATE (S12XGATEV3)
10.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
10.1.1 Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
10.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 354
10.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
10.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
10.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
10.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
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10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
10.9
10.3.1 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373
10.4.1 XGATE RISC Core . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
10.4.2 Programmer’s Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
10.4.3 Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
10.4.4 Semaphores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
10.4.5 Software Error Detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
10.5.1 Incoming Interrupt Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
10.5.2 Outgoing Interrupt Requests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
10.6.1 Debug Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
10.6.2 Leaving Debug Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Instruction Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
10.8.1 Addressing Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 382
10.8.2 Instruction Summary and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385
10.8.3 Cycle Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
10.8.4 Thread Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
10.8.5 Instruction Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
10.8.6 Instruction Coding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 461
Initialization and Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
10.9.1 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
10.9.2 Code Example (Transmit "Hello World!" on SCI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
10.9.3 Stack Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Chapter 11
S12XE Clocks and Reset Generator (S12XECRGV1)
11.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
11.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
11.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
11.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 470
11.2 Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
11.2.1 VDDPLL, VSSPLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
11.2.2 RESET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471
11.3 Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
11.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
11.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473
11.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
11.4.1 Functional Blocks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
11.4.2 Operation Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
11.4.3 Low Power Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
11.5 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 494
11.5.1 Description of Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495
11.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
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11.6.1 Description of Interrupt Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Chapter 12
Pierce Oscillator (S12XOSCLCPV2)
12.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
12.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
12.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 499
12.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
12.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
12.2.1 VDDPLL and VSSPLL — Operating and Ground Voltage Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
12.2.2 EXTAL and XTAL — Input and Output Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
12.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
12.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
12.4.1 Gain Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
12.4.2 Clock Monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
12.4.3 Wait Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
12.4.4 Stop Mode Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Chapter 13
Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC12B16CV1)
13.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
13.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
13.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
13.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
13.2 Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
13.2.1 Detailed Signal Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
13.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
13.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
13.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
13.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
13.4.1 Analog Sub-Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
13.4.2 Digital Sub-Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 524
13.5 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
13.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525
Chapter 14
Enhanced Capture Timer (ECT16B8CV3)
14.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
14.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527
14.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 528
14.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
14.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
14.2.1 IOC7 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
14.2.2 IOC6 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 529
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14.2.3 IOC5 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.2.4 IOC4 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.2.5 IOC3 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.2.6 IOC2 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.2.7 IOC1 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.2.8 IOC0 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 530
14.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 566
14.4.1 Enhanced Capture Timer Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 573
14.4.2 Reset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
14.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577
Chapter 15
Inter-Integrated Circuit (IICV3) Block Description
15.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
15.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 579
15.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
15.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
15.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
15.2.1 IIC_SCL — Serial Clock Line Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
15.2.2 IIC_SDA — Serial Data Line Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580
15.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
15.3.1 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581
15.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
15.4.1 I-Bus Protocol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 593
15.4.2 Operation in Run Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
15.4.3 Operation in Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
15.4.4 Operation in Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
15.5 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
15.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 598
15.7 Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
15.7.1 IIC Programming Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 599
Chapter 16
Freescale’s Scalable Controller Area Network (S12MSCANV3)
16.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 605
16.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
16.1.2 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 606
16.1.3 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
16.1.4 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 607
16.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
16.2.1 RXCAN — CAN Receiver Input Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
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16.2.2 TXCAN — CAN Transmitter Output Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
16.2.3 CAN System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 608
16.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
16.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 609
16.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 611
16.3.3 Programmer’s Model of Message Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 630
16.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
16.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
16.4.2 Message Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641
16.4.3 Identifier Acceptance Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644
16.4.4 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 650
16.4.5 Low-Power Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 652
16.4.6 Reset Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656
16.4.7 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 656
16.5 Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
16.5.1 MSCAN initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
16.5.2 Bus-Off Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658
Chapter 17
Periodic Interrupt Timer (S12PIT24B8CV2)
17.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
17.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
17.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
17.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 659
17.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
17.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 660
17.3 Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 661
17.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 671
17.4.1 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 672
17.4.2 Interrupt Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
17.4.3 Hardware Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 673
17.5 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
17.5.1 Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
17.5.2 Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
17.5.3 Flag Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
17.6 Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674
Chapter 18
Periodic Interrupt Timer (S12PIT24B4CV2)
18.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
18.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
18.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
18.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 677
18.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
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18.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
18.3 Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 678
18.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
18.4.1 Timer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 687
18.4.2 Interrupt Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
18.4.3 Hardware Trigger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
18.5 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
18.5.1 Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
18.5.2 Shutdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
18.5.3 Flag Clearing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689
18.6 Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 690
Chapter 19
Pulse-Width Modulator (S12PWM8B8CV1)
19.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
19.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
19.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 691
19.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
19.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
19.2.1 PWM7 — PWM Channel 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 692
19.2.2 PWM6 — PWM Channel 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.2.3 PWM5 — PWM Channel 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.2.4 PWM4 — PWM Channel 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.2.5 PWM3 — PWM Channel 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.2.6 PWM3 — PWM Channel 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.2.7 PWM3 — PWM Channel 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.2.8 PWM3 — PWM Channel 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 693
19.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 694
19.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
19.4.1 PWM Clock Select . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 709
19.4.2 PWM Channel Timers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 712
19.5 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 720
19.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 721
Chapter 20
Serial Communication Interface (S12SCIV5)
20.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
20.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 723
20.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724
20.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 724
20.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725
20.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
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20.2.1 TXD — Transmit Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
20.2.2 RXD — Receive Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
20.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
20.3.1 Module Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 726
20.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 727
20.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 739
20.4.1 Infrared Interface Submodule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
20.4.2 LIN Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740
20.4.3 Data Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 741
20.4.4 Baud Rate Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
20.4.5 Transmitter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743
20.4.6 Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748
20.4.7 Single-Wire Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 756
20.4.8 Loop Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
20.5 Initialization/Application Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
20.5.1 Reset Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
20.5.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 757
20.5.3 Interrupt Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758
20.5.4 Recovery from Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
20.5.5 Recovery from Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760
Chapter 21
Serial Peripheral Interface (S12SPIV5)
21.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
21.1.1 Glossary of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
21.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
21.1.3 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 761
21.1.4 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 762
21.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
21.2.1 MOSI — Master Out/Slave In Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
21.2.2 MISO — Master In/Slave Out Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 763
21.2.3 SS — Slave Select Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
21.2.4 SCK — Serial Clock Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
21.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
21.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764
21.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765
21.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 773
21.4.1 Master Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 774
21.4.2 Slave Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 775
21.4.3 Transmission Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 776
21.4.4 SPI Baud Rate Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 781
21.4.5 Special Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 782
21.4.6 Error Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
21.4.7 Low Power Mode Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
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Chapter 22
Timer Module (TIM16B8CV2) Block Description
22.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 787
22.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
22.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 788
22.1.3 Block Diagrams . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
22.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.1 IOC7 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 7 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.2 IOC6 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 6 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.3 IOC5 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 5 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.4 IOC4 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 4 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.5 IOC3 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 3 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.6 IOC2 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 2 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 791
22.2.7 IOC1 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 1 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
22.2.8 IOC0 — Input Capture and Output Compare Channel 0 Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
22.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
22.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
22.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
22.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 809
22.4.1 Prescaler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
22.4.2 Input Capture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
22.4.3 Output Compare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 811
22.4.4 Pulse Accumulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
22.4.5 Event Counter Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 812
22.4.6 Gated Time Accumulation Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
22.5 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
22.6 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
22.6.1 Channel [7:0] Interrupt (C[7:0]F) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
22.6.2 Pulse Accumulator Input Interrupt (PAOVI) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
22.6.3 Pulse Accumulator Overflow Interrupt (PAOVF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
22.6.4 Timer Overflow Interrupt (TOF) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Chapter 23
Voltage Regulator (S12VREGL3V3V1)
23.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
23.1.1 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
23.1.2 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815
23.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
23.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
23.2.1 VDDR — Regulator Power Input Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
23.2.2 VDDA, VSSA — Regulator Reference Supply Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
23.2.3 VDD, VSS — Regulator Output1 (Core Logic) Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 818
23.2.4 VDDF — Regulator Output2 (NVM Logic) Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
23.2.5 VDDPLL, VSSPLL — Regulator Output3 (PLL) Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
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23.2.6 VDDX — Power Input Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
23.2.7 VREGEN — Optional Regulator Enable Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
23.2.8 VREG_API — Optional Autonomous Periodical Interrupt Output Pin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
23.3 Memory Map and Register Definition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 819
23.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
23.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 820
23.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
23.4.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
23.4.2 Regulator Core (REG) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
23.4.3 Low-Voltage Detect (LVD) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 826
23.4.4 Power-On Reset (POR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
23.4.5 Low-Voltage Reset (LVR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
23.4.6 HTD - High Temperature Detect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
23.4.7 Regulator Control (CTRL) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
23.4.8 Autonomous Periodical Interrupt (API) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 827
23.4.9 Resets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
23.4.10Description of Reset Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
23.4.11Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 828
Chapter 24
128 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM128K2V1)
24.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
24.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
24.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
24.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 834
24.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 835
24.3 Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
24.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836
24.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 841
24.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862
24.4.1 Flash Command Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 862
24.4.2 Flash Command Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867
24.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 887
24.4.4 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888
24.4.5 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888
24.5 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888
24.5.1 Unsecuring the MCU using Backdoor Key Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 889
24.5.2 Unsecuring the MCU in Special Single Chip Mode using BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890
24.5.3 Mode and Security Effects on Flash Command Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890
24.6 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 890
Chapter 25
256 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM256K2V1)
25.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891
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25.2
25.3
25.4
25.5
25.6
25.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 892
25.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 893
25.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 894
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896
25.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896
25.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 901
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922
25.4.1 Flash Command Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 922
25.4.2 Flash Command Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 927
25.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 948
25.4.4 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949
25.4.5 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 949
25.5.1 Unsecuring the MCU using Backdoor Key Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950
25.5.2 Unsecuring the MCU in Special Single Chip Mode using BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951
25.5.3 Mode and Security Effects on Flash Command Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 951
Chapter 26
384 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM384K2V1)
26.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
26.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954
26.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 955
26.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 956
26.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 957
26.3 Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958
26.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 958
26.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 963
26.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
26.4.1 Flash Command Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 984
26.4.2 Flash Command Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 989
26.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1011
26.4.4 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012
26.4.5 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012
26.5 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1012
26.5.1 Unsecuring the MCU using Backdoor Key Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013
26.5.2 Unsecuring the MCU in Special Single Chip Mode using BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
26.5.3 Mode and Security Effects on Flash Command Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
26.6 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1014
Chapter 27
512 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM512K3V1)
27.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016
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27.2
27.3
27.4
27.5
27.6
27.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1016
27.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1017
27.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1018
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1019
Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020
27.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1020
27.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1025
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046
27.4.1 Flash Command Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1046
27.4.2 Flash Command Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1051
27.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072
27.4.4 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
27.4.5 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1073
27.5.1 Unsecuring the MCU using Backdoor Key Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1074
27.5.2 Unsecuring the MCU in Special Single Chip Mode using BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
27.5.3 Mode and Security Effects on Flash Command Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1075
Chapter 28
768 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM768K4V2)
28.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1077
28.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1078
28.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1079
28.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1080
28.2 External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1081
28.3 Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082
28.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1082
28.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1087
28.4 Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108
28.4.1 Flash Command Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1108
28.4.2 Flash Command Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1113
28.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1135
28.4.4 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136
28.4.5 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136
28.5 Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1136
28.5.1 Unsecuring the MCU using Backdoor Key Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1137
28.5.2 Unsecuring the MCU in Special Single Chip Mode using BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138
28.5.3 Mode and Security Effects on Flash Command Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138
28.6 Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1138
Chapter 29
1024 KByte Flash Module (S12XFTM1024K5V2)
29.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140
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29.2
29.3
29.4
29.5
29.6
29.1.1 Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1140
29.1.2 Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1141
29.1.3 Block Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1142
External Signal Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1143
Memory Map and Registers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144
29.3.1 Module Memory Map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1144
29.3.2 Register Descriptions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1150
Functional Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171
29.4.1 Flash Command Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1171
29.4.2 Flash Command Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1176
29.4.3 Interrupts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1197
29.4.4 Wait Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198
29.4.5 Stop Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198
Security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1198
29.5.1 Unsecuring the MCU using Backdoor Key Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1199
29.5.2 Unsecuring the MCU in Special Single Chip Mode using BDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
29.5.3 Mode and Security Effects on Flash Command Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
Initialization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1200
Appendix A
Electrical Characteristics
A.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
A.1.1 Parameter Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
A.1.2 Power Supply . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1201
A.1.3 Pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202
A.1.4 Current Injection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203
A.1.5 Absolute Maximum Ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1203
A.1.6 ESD Protection and Latch-up Immunity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1204
A.1.7 Operating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1206
A.1.8 Power Dissipation and Thermal Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1207
A.1.9 I/O Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1209
A.1.10 Supply Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1214
A.2 ATD Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
A.2.1 ATD Operating Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
A.2.2 Factors Influencing Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1219
A.2.3 ATD Accuracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1221
A.3 NVM, Flash and Emulated EEPROM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224
A.3.1 Timing Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1224
A.3.2 NVM Reliability Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1231
A.4 Voltage Regulator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1234
A.5 Output Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235
A.5.1 Resistive Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235
A.5.2 Capacitive Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235
A.5.3 Chip Power-up and Voltage Drops . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1235
A.6 Reset, Oscillator and PLL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1236
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A.6.1 Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1236
A.6.2 Oscillator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1238
A.6.3 Phase Locked Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1239
A.7 External Interface Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241
A.7.1 MSCAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241
A.7.2 SPI Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1241
A.7.3 External Bus Timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1247
Appendix B
Package Information
B.1
B.2
B.3
B.4
208 MAPBGA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259
144-Pin LQFP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1259
112-Pin LQFP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1261
80-Pin QFP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1262
Appendix C
PCB Layout Guidelines
Appendix D
Derivative Differences
D.1 Memory Sizes and Package Options S12XE - Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1268
D.2 Pinout explanations: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1270
Appendix E
Detailed Register Address Map
Appendix F
Ordering Information
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Chapter 1
Device Overview MC9S12XE-Family
1.1
Introduction
The MC9S12XE-Family of micro controllers is a further development of the S12XD-Family including
new features for enhanced system integrity and greater functionality. These new features include a
Memory Protection Unit (MPU) and Error Correction Code (ECC) on the Flash memory together with
enhanced EEPROM functionality (EEE), an enhanced XGATE, an Internally filtered, frequency
modulated Phase Locked Loop (IPLL) and an enhanced ATD. The E-Family extends the S12X product
range up to 1MB of Flash memory with increased I/O capability in the 208-pin version of the flagship
MC9S12XE100.
The MC9S12XE-Family delivers 32-bit performance with all the advantages and efficiencies of a 16 bit
MCU. It retains the low cost, power consumption, EMC and code-size efficiency advantages currently
enjoyed by users of Freescale’s existing 16-Bit MC9S12 and S12X MCU families. There is a high level of
compatibility between the S12XE and S12XD families.
The MC9S12XE-Family features an enhanced version of the performance-boosting XGATE co-processor
which is programmable in “C” language and runs at twice the bus frequency of the S12X with an
instruction set optimized for data movement, logic and bit manipulation instructions and which can service
any peripheral module on the device. The new enhanced version has improved interrupt handling
capability and is fully compatible with the existing XGATE module.
The MC9S12XE-Family is composed of standard on-chip peripherals including up to 64Kbytes of RAM,
eight asynchronous serial communications interfaces (SCI), three serial peripheral interfaces (SPI), an 8channel IC/OC enhanced capture timer (ECT), two 16-channel, 12-bit analog-to-digital converters, an 8channel pulse-width modulator (PWM), five CAN 2.0 A, B software compatible modules (MSCAN12),
two inter-IC bus blocks (IIC), an 8-channel 24-bit periodic interrupt timer (PIT) and an 8-channel 16-bit
standard timer module (TIM).
The MC9S12XE-Family uses 16-bit wide accesses without wait states for all peripherals and memories.
The non-multiplexed expanded bus interface available on the 144/208-Pin versions allows an easy
interface to external memories.
In addition to the I/O ports available in each module, up to 26 further I/O ports are available with interrupt
capability allowing Wake-Up from STOP or WAIT modes. The MC9S12XE-Family is available in 208Pin MAPBGA, 144-Pin LQFP, 112-Pin LQFP or 80-Pin QFP options.
1.1.1
Features
Features of the MC9S12XE-Family are listed here. Please see Table D-2.for memory options and Table D2. for the peripheral features that are available on the different family members.
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Chapter 1 Device Overview MC9S12XE-Family
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
16-Bit CPU12X
— Upward compatible with MC9S12 instruction set with the exception of five Fuzzy instructions
(MEM, WAV, WAVR, REV, REVW) which have been removed
— Enhanced indexed addressing
— Access to large data segments independent of PPAGE
INT (interrupt module)
— Eight levels of nested interrupts
— Flexible assignment of interrupt sources to each interrupt level.
— External non-maskable high priority interrupt (XIRQ)
— Internal non-maskable high priority Memory Protection Unit interrupt
— Up to 24 pins on ports J, H and P configurable as rising or falling edge sensitive interrupts
EBI (external bus interface)(available in 208-Pin and 144-Pin packages only)
— Up to four chip select outputs to select 16K, 1M, 2M and up to 4MByte address spaces
— Each chip select output can be configured to complete transaction on either the time-out of one
of the two wait state generators or the deassertion of EWAIT signal
MMC (module mapping control)
DBG (debug module)
— Monitoring of CPU and/or XGATE busses with tag-type or force-type breakpoint requests
— 64 x 64-bit circular trace buffer captures change-of-flow or memory access information
BDM (background debug mode)
MPU (memory protection unit)
— 8 address regions definable per active program task
— Address range granularity as low as 8-bytes
— No write / No execute Protection Attributes
— Non-maskable interrupt on access violation
XGATE
— Programmable, high performance I/O coprocessor module
— Transfers data to or from all peripherals and RAM without CPU intervention or CPU wait states
— Performs logical, shifts, arithmetic, and bit operations on data
— Can interrupt the HCS12X CPU signalling transfer completion
— Triggers from any hardware module as well as from the CPU possible
— Two interrupt levels to service high priority tasks
— Hardware support for stack pointer initialisation
OSC_LCP (oscillator)
— Low power loop control Pierce oscillator utilizing a 4MHz to 16MHz crystal
— Good noise immunity
— Full-swing Pierce option utilizing a 2MHz to 40MHz crystal
— Transconductance sized for optimum start-up margin for typical crystals
IPLL (Internally filtered, frequency modulated phase-locked-loop clock generation)
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Chapter 1 Device Overview MC9S12XE-Family
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
— No external components required
— Configurable option to spread spectrum for reduced EMC radiation (frequency modulation)
CRG (clock and reset generation)
— COP watchdog
— Real time interrupt
— Clock monitor
— Fast wake up from STOP in self clock mode
Memory Options
— 128K, 256k, 384K, 512K, 768K and 1M byte Flash
— 2K, 4K byte emulated EEPROM
— 12K, 16K, 24K, 32K, 48K and 64K Byte RAM
Flash General Features
— 64 data bits plus 8 syndrome ECC (Error Correction Code) bits allow single bit failure
correction and double fault detection
— Erase sector size 1024 bytes
— Automated program and erase algorithm
D-Flash Features
— Up to 32 Kbytes of D-Flash memory with 256 byte sectors for user access.
— Dedicated commands to control access to the D-Flash memory over EEE operation.
— Single bit fault correction and double bit fault detection within a word during read operations.
— Automated program and erase algorithm with verify and generation of ECC parity bits.
— Fast sector erase and word program operation.
— Ability to program up to four words in a burst sequence
Emulated EEPROM Features
— Automatic EEE file handling using an internal Memory Controller.
— Automatic transfer of valid EEE data from D-Flash memory to buffer RAM on reset.
— Ability to monitor the number of outstanding EEE related buffer RAM words left to be
programmed into D-Flash memory.
— Ability to disable EEE operation and allow priority access to the D-Flash memory.
— Ability to cancel all pending EEE operations and allow priority access to the D-Flash memory.
Two 16-channel, 12-bit Analog-to-Digital Converters
— 8/10/12 Bit resolution
— 3µs, 10-bit single conversion time
— Left/right, signed/unsigned result data
— External and internal conversion trigger capability
— Internal oscillator for conversion in Stop modes
— Wake from low power modes on analog comparison > or
...
Access #0
Access #1
Access #2
1
2
3
...
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Table 5-18. Interleaved Read-Write-Read Accesses (1 Cycle) (continued)
ECLK phase
...
ADDR[22:20] / ACC[2:0]
...
ADDR[19:16] / IQSTAT[3:0] ...
ADDR[15:0] / IVD[15:0]
...
DATA[15:0] (internal read)
...
high
low
addr 0
iqstat -1
high
low
addr 1
iqstat 0
acc 0
...
acc 2
...
addr 2
iqstat 1
...
x
...
z
...
(write) data 1
z
...
0
1
...
ivd 0
z
z
DATA[15:0] (external read)
...
?
z
data 0
RW
...
1
1
0
5.4.3
low
acc 1
?
?
high
(write) data 1
1
Accesses to Port Replacement Registers
All read and write accesses to PRR addresses take two bus clock cycles independent of the operating mode.
If writing to these addresses in emulation modes, the access is directed to both, the internal register and
the external resource while reads will be treated external.
The XEBI control registers also belong to this category.
5.4.4
Stretched External Bus Accesses
In order to allow fast internal bus cycles to coexist in a system with slower external resources, the XEBI
supports stretched external bus accesses (wait states) for each external address range related to one of the
4 chip select lines individually.
This feature is available in normal expanded mode and emulation expanded mode for accesses to all
external addresses except emulation memory and PRR. In these cases the fixed access times are 1 or 2
cycles, respectively.
Stretched accesses are controlled by:
1. EXSTR1[2:0] and EXSTR0[2:0] bits in the EBICTL1 register configuring a fixed amount of
stretch cycles individually for each CSx line in MMCCTL0
2. Activation of the external wait feature for each CSx line MMCCTL0 register
3. Assertion of the external EWAIT signal when at least one CSx line is configured for EWAIT
The EXSTRx[2:0] control bits can be programmed for generation of a fixed number of 1 to 8 stretch
cycles. If the external wait feature is enabled, the minimum number of additional stretch cycles is 2. An
arbitrary amount of stretch cycles can be added using the EWAIT input.
EWAIT needs to be asserted at least for a minimal specified time window within an external access cycle
for the internal logic to detect it and add a cycle (refer to electrical characteristics). Holding it for additional
cycles will cause the external bus access to be stretched accordingly.
Write accesses are stretched by holding the initiator in its current state for additional cycles as programmed
and controlled by external wait after the data have been driven out on the external bus. This results in an
extension of time the bus signals and the related control signals are valid externally.
Read data are not captured by the system in normal expanded mode until the specified setup time before
the RE rising edge.
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Chapter 5 External Bus Interface (S12XEBIV4)
Read data are not captured in emulation expanded mode until the specified setup time before the falling
edge of ECLK.
In emulation expanded mode, accesses to the internal flash or the emulation memory (determined by
EROMON and ROMON bits; see S12X_MMC section for details) always take 1 cycle and stretching is
not supported. In case the internal flash is taken out of the map in user applications, accesses are stretched
as programmed and controlled by external wait.
5.4.5
Data Select and Data Direction Signals
The S12X_EBI supports byte and word accesses at any valid external address. The big endian system of
the MCU is extended to the external bus; however, word accesses are restricted to even aligned addresses.
The only exception is the visibility of misaligned word accesses to addresses in the internal RAM as this
module exclusively supports these kind of accesses in a single cycle.
With the above restriction, a fixed relationship is implied between the address parity and the dedicated bus
halves where the data are accessed: DATA[15:8] is related to even addresses and DATA[7:0] is related to
odd addresses.
In expanded modes the data access type is externally determined by a set of control signals, i.e., data select
and data direction signals, as described below. The data select signals are not available if using the external
bus interface with an 8-bit data bus.
5.4.5.1
Normal Expanded Mode
In normal expanded mode, the external signals RE, WE, UDS, LDS indicate the access type (read/write),
data size and alignment of an external bus access (Table 5-19).
Table 5-19. Access in Normal Expanded Mode
DATA[15:8]
Access
DATA[7:0]
RE WE UDS LDS
I/O data(addr) I/O data(addr)
Word write of data on DATA[15:0] at an even and even+1 address
1
0
0
0
Out data(even) Out
Byte write of data on DATA[7:0] at an odd address
1
0
1
0
Byte write of data on DATA[15:8] at an even address
1
0
0
1
In
Word read of data on DATA[15:0] at an even and even+1 address
0
1
0
0
In
Byte read of data on DATA[7:0] at an odd address
0
1
1
0
x
data(odd)
Out
data(odd)
In
x
data(even)
In
data(odd)
In
x
In
data(odd)
Out data(even)
Byte read of data on DATA[15:8] at an even address
0
1
0
1
In
data(even)
In
x
Indicates No Access
1
1
1
1
In
x
In
x
Unimplemented
1
1
1
0
In
x
In
x
1
1
0
1
In
x
In
x
5.4.5.2
Emulation Modes and Special Test Mode
In emulation modes and special test mode, the external signals LSTRB, RW, and ADDR0 indicate the
access type (read/write), data size and alignment of an external bus access. Misaligned accesses to the
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internal RAM and misaligned XGATE PRR accesses in emulation modes are the only type of access that
are able to produce LSTRB = ADDR0 = 1. This is summarized in Table 5-20.
Table 5-20. Access in Emulation Modes and Special Test Mode
DATA[15:8]
Access
DATA[7:0]
RW LSTRB ADDR0
I/O
data(addr)
I/O
data(addr)
Word write of data on DATA[15:0] at an even and even+1
address
0
0
0
Out
data(even)
Out
data(odd)
Byte write of data on DATA[7:0] at an odd address
0
0
1
In
x
Out
data(odd)
data(odd)
In
Byte write of data on DATA[15:8] at an even address
0
1
0
Out
Word write at an odd and odd+1 internal RAM address
(misaligned — only in emulation modes)
0
1
1
Out data(odd+1) Out
x
Word read of data on DATA[15:0] at an even and even+1
address
1
0
0
In
data(even)
In
data(even+1)
Byte read of data on DATA[7:0] at an odd address
1
0
1
In
x
In
data(odd)
Byte read of data on DATA[15:8] at an even address
1
1
0
In
data(even)
In
x
Word read at an odd and odd+1 internal RAM address
(misaligned - only in emulation modes)
1
1
1
In
data(odd+1)
In
data(odd)
data(odd)
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5.4.6
Low-Power Options
The XEBI does not support any user-controlled options for reducing power consumption.
5.4.6.1
Run Mode
The XEBI does not support any options for reducing power in run mode.
Power consumption is reduced in single-chip modes due to the absence of the external bus interface.
Operation in expanded modes results in a higher power consumption, however any unnecessary toggling
of external bus signals is reduced to the lowest indispensable activity by holding the previous states
between external accesses.
5.4.6.2
Wait Mode
The XEBI does not support any options for reducing power in wait mode.
5.4.6.3
Stop Mode
The XEBI will cease to function in stop mode.
5.5
Initialization/Application Information
This section describes the external bus interface usage and timing. Typical customer operating modes are
normal expanded mode and emulation modes, specifically to be used in emulator applications. Taking the
availability of the external wait feature into account the use cases are divided into four scenarios:
• Normal expanded mode
— External wait feature disabled
– External wait feature enabled
• Emulation modes
– Emulation single-chip mode (without wait states)
– Emulation expanded mode (with optional access stretching)
Normal single-chip mode and special single-chip mode do not have an external bus. Special test mode is
used for factory test only. Therefore, these modes are omitted here.
All timing diagrams referred to throughout this section are available in the Electrical Characteristics
appendix of the SoC section.
5.5.1
Normal Expanded Mode
This mode allows interfacing to external memories or peripherals which are available in the commercial
market. In these applications the normal bus operation requires a minimum of 1 cycle stretch for each
external access.
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Chapter 5 External Bus Interface (S12XEBIV4)
5.5.1.1
Example 1a: External Wait Feature Disabled
The first example of bus timing of an external read and write access with the external wait feature disabled
is shown in
• Figure ‘Example 1a: Normal Expanded Mode — Read Followed by Write’
The associated supply voltage dependent timing are numbers given in
• Table ‘Example 1a: Normal Expanded Mode Timing VDD5 = 5.0 V (EWAIT disabled)’
• Table ‘Example 1a: Normal Expanded Mode Timing VDD5 = 3.0 V (EWAIT disabled)’
Systems designed this way rely on the internal programmable access stretching. These systems have
predictable external memory access times. The additional stretch time can be programmed up to 8 cycles
to provide longer access times.
5.5.1.2
Example 1b: External Wait Feature Enabled
The external wait operation is shown in this example. It can be used to exceed the amount of stretch cycles
over the programmed number in EXSTR[2:0]. The feature must be enabled by configuring at least one
CSx line for EWAIT.
If the EWAIT signal is not asserted, the number of stretch cycles is forced to a minimum of 2 cycles. If
EWAIT is asserted within the predefined time window during the access it will be strobed active and
another stretch cycle is added. If strobed inactive, the next cycle will be the last cycle before the access is
finished. EWAIT can be held asserted as long as desired to stretch the access.
An access with 1 cycle stretch by EWAIT assertion is shown in
• Figure ‘Example 1b: Normal Expanded Mode — Stretched Read Access’
• Figure ‘Example 1b: Normal Expanded Mode — Stretched Write Access’
The associated timing numbers for both operations are given in
• Table ‘Example 1b: Normal Expanded Mode Timing VDD5 = 5.0 V (EWAIT enabled)’
• Table ‘Example 1b: Normal Expanded Mode Timing VDD5 = 3.0 V (EWAIT enabled)’
It is recommended to use the free-running clock (ECLK) at the fastest rate (bus clock rate) to synchronize
the EWAIT input signal.
5.5.2
Emulation Modes
In emulation mode applications, the development systems use a custom PRU device to rebuild the singlechip or expanded bus functions which are lost due to the use of the external bus with an emulator.
Accesses to a set of registers controlling the related ports in normal modes (refer to SoC section) are
directed to the external bus in emulation modes which are substituted by PRR as part of the PRU. Accesses
to these registers take a constant time of 2 cycles.
Depending on the setting of ROMON and EROMON (refer to S12X_MMC section), the program code
can be executed from internal memory or an optional external emulation memory (EMULMEM). No wait
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Chapter 5 External Bus Interface (S12XEBIV4)
state operation (stretching) of the external bus access is done in emulation modes when accessing internal
memory or emulation memory addresses.
In both modes observation of the internal operation is supported through the external bus (internal
visibility).
5.5.2.1
Example 2a: Emulation Single-Chip Mode
This mode is used for emulation systems in which the target application is operating in normal single-chip
mode.
Figure 5-5 shows the PRU connection with the available external bus signals in an emulator application.
S12X_EBI
Emulator
ADDR[22:0]/IVD[15:0]
DATA[15:0]
EMULMEM
PRU
PRR
Ports
LSTRB
RW
ADDR[22:20]/ACC[2:0]
ADDR[19:16]/
IQSTAT[3:0]
ECLK
ECLKX2
Figure 5-5. Application in Emulation Single-Chip Mode
The timing diagram for this operation is shown in:
• Figure ‘Example 2a: Emulation Single-Chip Mode — Read Followed by Write’
The associated timing numbers are given in:
• Table ‘Example 2a: Emulation Single-Chip Mode Timing (EWAIT disabled)’
Timing considerations:
• Signals muxed with address lines ADDRx, i.e., IVDx, IQSTATx and ACCx, have the same timing.
• LSTRB has the same timing as RW.
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•
•
ECLKX2 rising edges have the same timing as ECLK edges.
The timing for accesses to PRU registers, which take 2 cycles to complete, is the same as the timing
for an external non-PRR access with 1 cycle of stretch as shown in example 2b.
5.5.2.2
Example 2b: Emulation Expanded Mode
This mode is used for emulation systems in which the target application is operating in normal expanded
mode.
If the external bus is used with a PRU, the external device rebuilds the data select and data direction signals
UDS, LDS, RE, and WE from the ADDR0, LSTRB, and RW signals.
Figure 5-6 shows the PRU connection with the available external bus signals in an emulator application.
S12X_EBI
Emulator
ADDR[22:0]/IVD[15:0]
DATA[15:0]
EMULMEM
PRU
PRR
LSTRB
RW
Ports
UDS
LDS
RE
WE
ADDR[22:20]/ACC[2:0]
ADDR[19:16]/
IQSTAT[3:0]
CS[3:0]
EWAIT
ECLK
ECLKX2
Figure 5-6. Application in Emulation Expanded Mode
The timings of accesses with 1 stretch cycle are shown in
• Figure ‘Example 2b: Emulation Expanded Mode — Read with 1 Stretch Cycle’
• Figure ‘Example 2b: Emulation Expanded Mode — Write with 1 Stretch Cycle’
The associated timing numbers are given in
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Chapter 5 External Bus Interface (S12XEBIV4)
•
Table ‘Example 2b: Emulation Expanded Mode Timing VDD5 = 5.0 V (EWAIT disabled)’ (this
also includes examples for alternative settings of 2 and 3 additional stretch cycles)
Timing considerations:
• If no stretch cycle is added, the timing is the same as in Emulation Single-Chip Mode.
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Chapter 6
Interrupt (S12XINTV2)
Table 6-1. Revision History
Revision
Number
Revision Date
Sections
Affected
V02.00
01 Jul 2005
6.1.2/6-262
V02.04
11 Jan 2007
6.3.2.2/6-267
6.3.2.4/6-268
V02.05
20 Mar 2007
6.4.6/6-274
V02.07
13 Dec 2011
6.5.3.1/6-276
6.1
Description of Changes
Initial V2 release, added new features:
- XGATE threads can be interrupted.
- SYS instruction vector.
- Access violation interrupt vectors.
- Added Notes for devices without XGATE module.
- Fixed priority definition for software exceptions.
- Re-worded for difference of Wake-up feature between STOP and WAIT
modes.
Introduction
The XINT module decodes the priority of all system exception requests and provides the applicable vector
for processing the exception to either the CPU or the XGATE module. The XINT module supports:
• I bit and X bit maskable interrupt requests
• One non-maskable unimplemented op-code trap
• One non-maskable software interrupt (SWI) or background debug mode request
• One non-maskable system call interrupt (SYS)
• Three non-maskable access violation interrupts
• One spurious interrupt vector request
• Three system reset vector requests
Each of the I bit maskable interrupt requests can be assigned to one of seven priority levels supporting a
flexible priority scheme. For interrupt requests that are configured to be handled by the CPU, the priority
scheme can be used to implement nested interrupt capability where interrupts from a lower level are
automatically blocked if a higher level interrupt is being processed. Interrupt requests configured to be
handled by the XGATE module can be nested one level deep.
NOTE
The HPRIO register and functionality of the original S12 interrupt module
is no longer supported. It is superseded by the 7-level interrupt request
priority scheme.
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Chapter 6 Interrupt (S12XINTV2)
6.1.1
Glossary
The following terms and abbreviations are used in the document.
Table 6-2. Terminology
Term
CCR
Condition Code Register (in the S12X CPU)
DMA
Direct Memory Access
INT
Interrupt
IPL
Interrupt Processing Level
ISR
Interrupt Service Routine
MCU
XGATE
IRQ
XIRQ
6.1.2
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Meaning
Micro-Controller Unit
refers to the XGATE co-processor; XGATE is an optional feature
refers to the interrupt request associated with the IRQ pin
refers to the interrupt request associated with the XIRQ pin
Features
Interrupt vector base register (IVBR)
One spurious interrupt vector (at address vector base1 + 0x0010).
One non-maskable system call interrupt vector request (at address vector base + 0x0012).
Three non-maskable access violation interrupt vector requests (at address vector base + 0x0014−
0x0018).
2–109 I bit maskable interrupt vector requests (at addresses vector base + 0x001A–0x00F2).
Each I bit maskable interrupt request has a configurable priority level and can be configured to be
handled by either the CPU or the XGATE module2.
I bit maskable interrupts can be nested, depending on their priority levels.
One X bit maskable interrupt vector request (at address vector base + 0x00F4).
One non-maskable software interrupt request (SWI) or background debug mode vector request (at
address vector base + 0x00F6).
One non-maskable unimplemented op-code trap (TRAP) vector (at address vector base + 0x00F8).
Three system reset vectors (at addresses 0xFFFA–0xFFFE).
Determines the highest priority XGATE and interrupt vector requests, drives the vector to the
XGATE module or to the bus on CPU request, respectively.
Wakes up the system from stop or wait mode when an appropriate interrupt request occurs or
whenever XIRQ is asserted, even if X interrupt is masked.
XGATE can wake up and execute code, even with the CPU remaining in stop or wait mode.
1. The vector base is a 16-bit address which is accumulated from the contents of the interrupt vector base register (IVBR, used
as upper byte) and 0x00 (used as lower byte).
2. The IRQ interrupt can only be handled by the CPU
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Chapter 6 Interrupt (S12XINTV2)
6.1.3
•
•
•
•
Modes of Operation
Run mode
This is the basic mode of operation.
Wait mode
In wait mode, the XINT module is frozen. It is however capable of either waking up the CPU if an
interrupt occurs or waking up the XGATE if an XGATE request occurs. Please refer to
Section 6.5.3, “Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode” for details.
Stop Mode
In stop mode, the XINT module is frozen. It is however capable of either waking up the CPU if an
interrupt occurs or waking up the XGATE if an XGATE request occurs. Please refer to
Section 6.5.3, “Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode” for details.
Freeze mode (BDM active)
In freeze mode (BDM active), the interrupt vector base register is overridden internally. Please
refer to Section 6.3.2.1, “Interrupt Vector Base Register (IVBR)” for details.
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Chapter 6 Interrupt (S12XINTV2)
6.1.4
Block Diagram
Figure 6-1 shows a block diagram of the XINT module.
Peripheral
Interrupt Requests
Wake Up
CPU
Non I Bit Maskable
Channels
Interrupt
Requests
Priority
Decoder
IRQ Channel
PRIOLVL2
PRIOLVL1
PRIOLVL0
RQST
IVBR
New
IPL
To CPU
Vector
Address
Current
IPL
One Set Per Channel
(Up to 108 Channels)
INT_XGPRIO
XGATE
Requests
Priority
Decoder
Wake up
XGATE
Vector
ID
XGATE
Interrupts
To XGATE Module
RQST
XGATE Request Route,
PRIOLVLn
Priority Level
= bits from the channel configuration
in the associated configuration register
INT_XGPRIO = XGATE Interrupt Priority
IVBR
= Interrupt Vector Base
IPL
= Interrupt Processing Level
Figure 6-1. XINT Block Diagram
6.2
External Signal Description
The XINT module has no external signals.
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6.3
Memory Map and Register Definition
This section provides a detailed description of all registers accessible in the XINT module.
6.3.1
Module Memory Map
Table 6-3 gives an overview over all XINT module registers.
Table 6-3. XINT Memory Map
Address
Use
Access
0x0120
RESERVED
—
0x0121
Interrupt Vector Base Register (IVBR)
R/W
0x0122–0x0125
RESERVED
—
0x0126
XGATE Interrupt Priority Configuration Register
(INT_XGPRIO)
R/W
0x0127
Interrupt Request Configuration Address Register
(INT_CFADDR)
R/W
0x0128
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 0
(INT_CFDATA0)
R/W
0x0129
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 1
(INT_CFDATA1)
R/W
0x012A
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 2
(INT_CFDATA2
R/W
0x012B
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 3
(INT_CFDATA3)
R/W
0x012C
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 4
(INT_CFDATA4)
R/W
0x012D
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 5
(INT_CFDATA5)
R/W
0x012E
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 6
(INT_CFDATA6)
R/W
0x012F
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 7
(INT_CFDATA7)
R/W
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6.3.2
Register Descriptions
This section describes in address order all the XINT module registers and their individual bits.
Address
Register
Name
0x0121
IVBR
Bit 7
6
5
R
INT_XGPRIO
R
3
2
0
0
0
0
0
INT_CFADDR
R
R
W
0x0129 INT_CFDATA1
R
W
0x012A INT_CFDATA2
R
W
0x012B INT_CFDATA3
R
W
0x012C INT_CFDATA4
R
W
0x012D INT_CFDATA5
R
W
0x012E INT_CFDATA6
R
W
0x012F INT_CFDATA7
R
W
0
INT_CFADDR[7:4]
W
0x0128 INT_CFDATA0
Bit 0
XILVL[2:0]
W
0x0127
1
IVB_ADDR[7:0]7
W
0x0126
4
RQST
RQST
RQST
RQST
RQST
RQST
RQST
RQST
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
PRIOLVL[2:0]
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-2. XINT Register Summary
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6.3.2.1
Interrupt Vector Base Register (IVBR)
Address: 0x0121
7
6
5
R
3
2
1
0
1
1
1
IVB_ADDR[7:0]
W
Reset
4
1
1
1
1
1
Figure 6-3. Interrupt Vector Base Register (IVBR)
Read: Anytime
Write: Anytime
Table 6-4. IVBR Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7–0
Interrupt Vector Base Address Bits — These bits represent the upper byte of all vector addresses. Out of
IVB_ADDR[7:0] reset these bits are set to 0xFF (i.e., vectors are located at 0xFF10–0xFFFE) to ensure compatibility to
previous S12 microcontrollers.
Note: A system reset will initialize the interrupt vector base register with “0xFF” before it is used to determine
the reset vector address. Therefore, changing the IVBR has no effect on the location of the three reset
vectors (0xFFFA–0xFFFE).
Note: If the BDM is active (i.e., the CPU is in the process of executing BDM firmware code), the contents of
IVBR are ignored and the upper byte of the vector address is fixed as “0xFF”.
6.3.2.2
XGATE Interrupt Priority Configuration Register (INT_XGPRIO)
Address: 0x0126
R
7
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
XILVL[2:0]
W
Reset
1
0
0
1
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-4. XGATE Interrupt Priority Configuration Register (INT_XGPRIO)
Read: Anytime
Write: Anytime
Table 6-5. INT_XGPRIO Field Descriptions
Field
Description
2–0
XILVL[2:0]
XGATE Interrupt Priority Level — The XILVL[2:0] bits configure the shared interrupt level of the XGATE
interrupts coming from the XGATE module. Out of reset the priority is set to the lowest active level (“1”).
Note: If the XGATE module is not available on the device, write accesses to this register are ignored and read
accesses to this register will return all 0.
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Table 6-6. XGATE Interrupt Priority Levels
Priority
low
high
6.3.2.3
XILVL2
XILVL1
XILVL0
Meaning
0
0
0
Interrupt request is disabled
0
0
1
Priority level 1
0
1
0
Priority level 2
0
1
1
Priority level 3
1
0
0
Priority level 4
1
0
1
Priority level 5
1
1
0
Priority level 6
1
1
1
Priority level 7
Interrupt Request Configuration Address Register (INT_CFADDR)
Address: 0x0127
7
R
5
4
INT_CFADDR[7:4]
W
Reset
6
0
0
0
1
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-5. Interrupt Configuration Address Register (INT_CFADDR)
Read: Anytime
Write: Anytime
Table 6-7. INT_CFADDR Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7–4
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register Select Bits — These bits determine which of the 128
INT_CFADDR[7:4] configuration data registers are accessible in the 8 register window at INT_CFDATA0–7. The hexadecimal
value written to this register corresponds to the upper nibble of the lower byte of the address of the interrupt
vector, i.e., writing 0xE0 to this register selects the configuration data register block for the 8 interrupt vector
requests starting with vector at address (vector base + 0x00E0) to be accessible as INT_CFDATA0–7.
Note: Writing all 0s selects non-existing configuration registers. In this case write accesses to
INT_CFDATA0–7 will be ignored and read accesses will return all 0.
6.3.2.4
Interrupt Request Configuration Data Registers (INT_CFDATA0–7)
The eight register window visible at addresses INT_CFDATA0–7 contains the configuration data for the
block of eight interrupt requests (out of 128) selected by the interrupt configuration address register
(INT_CFADDR) in ascending order. INT_CFDATA0 represents the interrupt configuration data register
of the vector with the lowest address in this block, while INT_CFDATA7 represents the interrupt
configuration data register of the vector with the highest address, respectively.
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Address: 0x0128
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-6. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 0 (INT_CFDATA0)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Address: 0x0129
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-7. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 1 (INT_CFDATA1)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Address: 0x012A
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-8. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 2 (INT_CFDATA2)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Address: 0x012B
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-9. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 3 (INT_CFDATA3)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
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Address: 0x012C
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-10. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 4 (INT_CFDATA4)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Address: 0x012D
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-11. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 5 (INT_CFDATA5)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Address: 0x012E
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-12. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 6 (INT_CFDATA6)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Address: 0x012F
7
R
W
Reset
RQST
0
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
PRIOLVL[2:0]
0
0
1(1)
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 6-13. Interrupt Request Configuration Data Register 7 (INT_CFDATA7)
1. Please refer to the notes following the PRIOLVL[2:0] description below.
Read: Anytime
Write: Anytime
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Table 6-8. INT_CFDATA0–7 Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7
RQST
XGATE Request Enable — This bit determines if the associated interrupt request is handled by the CPU or by
the XGATE module.
0 Interrupt request is handled by the CPU
1 Interrupt request is handled by the XGATE module
Note: The IRQ interrupt cannot be handled by the XGATE module. For this reason, the configuration register
for vector (vector base + 0x00F2) = IRQ vector address) does not contain a RQST bit. Writing a 1 to the
location of the RQST bit in this register will be ignored and a read access will return 0.
Note: If the XGATE module is not available on the device, writing a 1 to the location of the RQST bit in this
register will be ignored and a read access will return 0.
2–0
Interrupt Request Priority Level Bits — The PRIOLVL[2:0] bits configure the interrupt request priority level of
PRIOLVL[2:0] the associated interrupt request. Out of reset all interrupt requests are enabled at the lowest active level (“1”)
to provide backwards compatibility with previous S12 interrupt controllers. Please also refer to Table 6-9 for
available interrupt request priority levels.
Note: Write accesses to configuration data registers of unused interrupt channels will be ignored and read
accesses will return all 0. For information about what interrupt channels are used in a specific MCU,
please refer to the Device Reference Manual of that MCU.
Note: When vectors (vector base + 0x00F0–0x00FE) are selected by writing 0xF0 to INT_CFADDR, writes to
INT_CFDATA2–7 (0x00F4–0x00FE) will be ignored and read accesses will return all 0s. The
corresponding vectors do not have configuration data registers associated with them.
Note: When vectors (vector base + 0x0010–0x001E) are selected by writing 0x10 to INT_CFADDR, writes to
INT_CFDATA1–INT_CFDATA4 (0x0012–0x0018) will be ignored and read accesses will return all 0s. The
corresponding vectors do not have configuration data registers associated with them.
Note: Write accesses to the configuration register for the spurious interrupt vector request
(vector base + 0x0010) will be ignored and read accesses will return 0x07 (request is handled by the
CPU, PRIOLVL = 7).
Table 6-9. Interrupt Priority Levels
Priority
low
high
6.4
PRIOLVL2
PRIOLVL1
PRIOLVL0
Meaning
0
0
0
Interrupt request is disabled
0
0
1
Priority level 1
0
1
0
Priority level 2
0
1
1
Priority level 3
1
0
0
Priority level 4
1
0
1
Priority level 5
1
1
0
Priority level 6
1
1
1
Priority level 7
Functional Description
The XINT module processes all exception requests to be serviced by the CPU module. These exceptions
include interrupt vector requests and reset vector requests. Each of these exception types and their overall
priority level is discussed in the subsections below.
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6.4.1
S12X Exception Requests
The CPU handles both reset requests and interrupt requests. The XINT module contains registers to
configure the priority level of each I bit maskable interrupt request which can be used to implement an
interrupt priority scheme. This also includes the possibility to nest interrupt requests. A priority decoder
is used to evaluate the priority of a pending interrupt request.
6.4.2
Interrupt Prioritization
After system reset all interrupt requests with a vector address lower than or equal to (vector base + 0x00F2)
are enabled, are set up to be handled by the CPU and have a pre-configured priority level of 1. Exceptions
to this rule are the non-maskable interrupt requests and the spurious interrupt vector request at (vector base
+ 0x0010) which cannot be disabled, are always handled by the CPU and have a fixed priority levels. A
priority level of 0 effectively disables the associated I bit maskable interrupt request.
If more than one interrupt request is configured to the same interrupt priority level the interrupt request
with the higher vector address wins the prioritization.
The following conditions must be met for an I bit maskable interrupt request to be processed.
1. The local interrupt enabled bit in the peripheral module must be set.
2. The setup in the configuration register associated with the interrupt request channel must meet the
following conditions:
a) The XGATE request enable bit must be 0 to have the CPU handle the interrupt request.
b) The priority level must be set to non zero.
c) The priority level must be greater than the current interrupt processing level in the condition
code register (CCR) of the CPU (PRIOLVL[2:0] > IPL[2:0]).
3. The I bit in the condition code register (CCR) of the CPU must be cleared.
4. There is no access violation interrupt request pending.
5. There is no SYS, SWI, BDM, TRAP, or XIRQ request pending.
NOTE
All non I bit maskable interrupt requests always have higher priority than
I bit maskable interrupt requests. If an I bit maskable interrupt request is
interrupted by a non I bit maskable interrupt request, the currently active
interrupt processing level (IPL) remains unaffected. It is possible to nest
non I bit maskable interrupt requests, e.g., by nesting SWI or TRAP calls.
6.4.2.1
Interrupt Priority Stack
The current interrupt processing level (IPL) is stored in the condition code register (CCR) of the CPU. This
way the current IPL is automatically pushed to the stack by the standard interrupt stacking procedure. The
new IPL is copied to the CCR from the priority level of the highest priority active interrupt request channel
which is configured to be handled by the CPU. The copying takes place when the interrupt vector is
fetched. The previous IPL is automatically restored by executing the RTI instruction.
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Chapter 6 Interrupt (S12XINTV2)
6.4.3
XGATE Requests
If the XGATE module is implemented on the device, the XINT module is also used to process all exception
requests to be serviced by the XGATE module. The overall priority level of those exceptions is discussed
in the subsections below.
6.4.3.1
XGATE Request Prioritization
An interrupt request channel is configured to be handled by the XGATE module, if the RQST bit of the
associated configuration register is set to 1 (please refer to Section 6.3.2.4, “Interrupt Request
Configuration Data Registers (INT_CFDATA0–7)”). The priority level configuration (PRIOLVL) for this
channel becomes the XGATE priority which will be used to determine the highest priority XGATE request
to be serviced next by the XGATE module. Additionally, XGATE interrupts may be raised by the XGATE
module by setting one or more of the XGATE channel interrupt flags (by using the SIF instruction). This
will result in an CPU interrupt with vector address vector base + (2 * channel ID number), where the
channel ID number corresponds to the highest set channel interrupt flag, if the XGIE and channel RQST
bits are set.
The shared interrupt priority for the XGATE interrupt requests is taken from the XGATE interrupt priority
configuration register (please refer to Section 6.3.2.2, “XGATE Interrupt Priority Configuration Register
(INT_XGPRIO)”). If more than one XGATE interrupt request channel becomes active at the same time,
the channel with the highest vector address wins the prioritization.
6.4.4
Priority Decoders
The XINT module contains priority decoders to determine the priority for all interrupt requests pending
for the respective target.
There are two priority decoders, one for each interrupt request target, CPU or XGATE. The function of
both priority decoders is basically the same with one exception: the priority decoder for the XGATE
module does not take the current XGATE thread processing level into account. Instead, XGATE requests
are handed to the XGATE module including a 1-bit priority identifier. The XGATE module uses this
additional information to decide if the new request can interrupt a currently running thread. The 1-bit
priority identifier corresponds to the most significant bit of the priority level configuration of the requesting
channel. This means that XGATE requests with priority levels 4, 5, 6 or 7 can interrupt running XGATE
threads with priority levels 1, 2 and 3.
A CPU interrupt vector is not supplied until the CPU requests it. Therefore, it is possible that a higher
priority interrupt request could override the original exception which caused the CPU to request the vector.
In this case, the CPU will receive the highest priority vector and the system will process this exception
instead of the original request.
If the interrupt source is unknown (for example, in the case where an interrupt request becomes inactive
after the interrupt has been recognized, but prior to the vector request), the vector address supplied to the
CPU will default to that of the spurious interrupt vector.
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NOTE
Care must be taken to ensure that all exception requests remain active until
the system begins execution of the applicable service routine; otherwise, the
exception request may not get processed at all or the result may be a
spurious interrupt request (vector at address (vector base + 0x0010)).
6.4.5
Reset Exception Requests
The XINT module supports three system reset exception request types (for details please refer to the Clock
and Reset Generator module (CRG)):
1. Pin reset, power-on reset, low-voltage reset, or illegal address reset
2. Clock monitor reset request
3. COP watchdog reset request
6.4.6
Exception Priority
The priority (from highest to lowest) and address of all exception vectors issued by the XINT module upon
request by the CPU is shown in Table 6-10. Generally, all non-maskable interrupts have higher priorities
than maskable interrupts. Please note that between the three software interrupts (Unimplemented op-code
trap request, SWI/BGND request, SYS request) there is no real priority defined because they cannot occur
simultaneously (the S12XCPU executes one instruction at a time).
Table 6-10. Exception Vector Map and Priority
Vector Address(1)
Source
0xFFFE
Pin reset, power-on reset, low-voltage reset, illegal address reset
0xFFFC
Clock monitor reset
0xFFFA
COP watchdog reset
(Vector base + 0x00F8)
Unimplemented op-code trap
(Vector base + 0x00F6)
Software interrupt instruction (SWI) or BDM vector request
(Vector base + 0x0012)
System call interrupt instruction (SYS)
(Vector base + 0x0018)
(reserved for future use)
(Vector base + 0x0016)
XGATE Access violation interrupt request(2)
(Vector base + 0x0014)
CPU Access violation interrupt request(3)
(Vector base + 0x00F4)
XIRQ interrupt request
(Vector base + 0x00F2)
IRQ interrupt request
(Vector base +
0x00F0–0x001A)
Device specific I bit maskable interrupt sources (priority determined by the associated
configuration registers, in descending order)
(Vector base + 0x0010)
Spurious interrupt
1. 16 bits vector address based
2. only implemented if device features both a Memory Protection Unit (MPU) and an XGATE co-processor
3. only implemented if device features a Memory Protection Unit (MPU)
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6.5
6.5.1
Initialization/Application Information
Initialization
After system reset, software should:
• Initialize the interrupt vector base register if the interrupt vector table is not located at the default
location (0xFF10–0xFFF9).
• Initialize the interrupt processing level configuration data registers (INT_CFADDR,
INT_CFDATA0–7) for all interrupt vector requests with the desired priority levels and the request
target (CPU or XGATE module). It might be a good idea to disable unused interrupt requests.
• If the XGATE module is used, setup the XGATE interrupt priority register (INT_XGPRIO) and
configure the XGATE module (please refer the XGATE Block Guide for details).
• Enable I maskable interrupts by clearing the I bit in the CCR.
• Enable the X maskable interrupt by clearing the X bit in the CCR (if required).
6.5.2
Interrupt Nesting
The interrupt request priority level scheme makes it possible to implement priority based interrupt request
nesting for the I bit maskable interrupt requests handled by the CPU.
• I bit maskable interrupt requests can be interrupted by an interrupt request with a higher priority,
so that there can be up to seven nested I bit maskable interrupt requests at a time (refer to Figure 614 for an example using up to three nested interrupt requests).
I bit maskable interrupt requests cannot be interrupted by other I bit maskable interrupt requests per
default. In order to make an interrupt service routine (ISR) interruptible, the ISR must explicitly clear the
I bit in the CCR (CLI). After clearing the I bit, I bit maskable interrupt requests with higher priority can
interrupt the current ISR.
An ISR of an interruptible I bit maskable interrupt request could basically look like this:
• Service interrupt, e.g., clear interrupt flags, copy data, etc.
• Clear I bit in the CCR by executing the instruction CLI (thus allowing interrupt requests with
higher priority)
• Process data
• Return from interrupt by executing the instruction RTI
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0
Stacked IPL
IPL in CCR
0
0
4
0
0
0
4
7
4
3
1
0
7
6
RTI
L7
5
4
RTI
Processing Levels
3
L3 (Pending)
2
L4
RTI
1
L1 (Pending)
0
RTI
Reset
Figure 6-14. Interrupt Processing Example
6.5.3
6.5.3.1
Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode
CPU Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode
Only I bit maskable interrupt requests which are configured to be handled by the CPU are capable of
waking the MCU from wait mode.
Since bus and core clocks are disabled in stop mode, only interrupt requests that can be generated without
these clocks can wake the MCU from stop mode. These are listed in the device overview interrupt vector
table. Only I bit maskable interrupt requests which are configured to be handled by the CPU are capable
of waking the MCU from stop mode.
To determine whether an I bit maskable interrupt is qualified to wake up the CPU or not, the same settings
as in normal run mode are applied during stop or wait mode:
• If the I bit in the CCR is set, all I bit maskable interrupts are masked from waking up the MCU.
• An I bit maskable interrupt is ignored if it is configured to a priority level below or equal to the
current IPL in CCR.
• I bit maskable interrupt requests which are configured to be handled by the XGATE module are not
capable of waking up the CPU.
The X bit maskable interrupt request can wake up the MCU from stop or wait mode at anytime, even if the
X bit in CCR is set. If the X bit maskable interrupt request is used to wake-up the MCU with the X bit in
the CCR set, the associated ISR is not called. The CPU then resumes program execution with the
instruction following the WAI or STOP instruction. This features works following the same rules like any
interrupt request, i.e. care must be taken that the X interrupt request used for wake-up remains active at
least until the system begins execution of the instruction following the WAI or STOP instruction;
otherwise, wake-up may not occur.
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6.5.3.2
XGATE Wake Up from Stop or Wait Mode
Interrupt request channels which are configured to be handled by the XGATE module are capable of
waking up the XGATE module. Interrupt request channels handled by the XGATE module do not affect
the state of the CPU.
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Chapter 7
Background Debug Module (S12XBDMV2)
Table 7-1. Revision History
Revision
Number
Revision Date
V02.00
07 Mar 2006
- First version of S12XBDMV2
V02.01
14 May 2008
- Introduced standardized Revision History Table
V02.02
12 Sep 2012
- Minor formatting corrections
7.1
Sections
Affected
Description of Changes
Introduction
This section describes the functionality of the background debug module (BDM) sub-block of the
HCS12X core platform.
The background debug module (BDM) sub-block is a single-wire, background debug system implemented
in on-chip hardware for minimal CPU intervention. All interfacing with the BDM is done via the BKGD
pin.
The BDM has enhanced capability for maintaining synchronization between the target and host while
allowing more flexibility in clock rates. This includes a sync signal to determine the communication rate
and a handshake signal to indicate when an operation is complete. The system is backwards compatible to
the BDM of the S12 family with the following exceptions:
• TAGGO command no longer supported by BDM
• External instruction tagging feature now part of DBG module
• BDM register map and register content extended/modified
• Global page access functionality
• Enabled but not active out of reset in emulation modes (if modes available)
• CLKSW bit set out of reset in emulation modes (if modes available).
• Family ID readable from firmware ROM at global address 0x7FFF0F (value for HCS12X devices
is 0xC1)
7.1.1
Features
The BDM includes these distinctive features:
• Single-wire communication with host development system
• Enhanced capability for allowing more flexibility in clock rates
• SYNC command to determine communication rate
• GO_UNTIL command
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Hardware handshake protocol to increase the performance of the serial communication
Active out of reset in special single chip mode
Nine hardware commands using free cycles, if available, for minimal CPU intervention
Hardware commands not requiring active BDM
14 firmware commands execute from the standard BDM firmware lookup table
Software control of BDM operation during wait mode
Software selectable clocks
Global page access functionality
Enabled but not active out of reset in emulation modes (if modes available)
CLKSW bit set out of reset in emulation modes (if modes available).
When secured, hardware commands are allowed to access the register space in special single chip
mode, if the non-volatile memory erase test fail.
Family ID readable from firmware ROM at global address 0x7FFF0F (value for HCS12X devices
is 0xC1)
BDM hardware commands are operational until system stop mode is entered (all bus masters are
in stop mode)
7.1.2
Modes of Operation
BDM is available in all operating modes but must be enabled before firmware commands are executed.
Some systems may have a control bit that allows suspending thefunction during background debug mode.
7.1.2.1
Regular Run Modes
All of these operations refer to the part in run mode and not being secured. The BDM does not provide
controls to conserve power during run mode.
• Normal modes
General operation of the BDM is available and operates the same in all normal modes.
• Special single chip mode
In special single chip mode, background operation is enabled and active out of reset. This allows
programming a system with blank memory.
• Emulation modes (if modes available)
In emulation mode, background operation is enabled but not active out of reset. This allows
debugging and programming a system in this mode more easily.
7.1.2.2
Secure Mode Operation
If the device is in secure mode, the operation of the BDM is reduced to a small subset of its regular run
mode operation. Secure operation prevents BDM and CPU accesses to non-volatile memory (Flash and/or
EEPROM) other than allowing erasure. For more information please see Section 7.4.1, “Security”.
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7.1.2.3
Low-Power Modes
The BDM can be used until all bus masters (e.g., CPU or XGATE or others depending on which masters
are available on the SOC) are in stop mode. When CPU is in a low power mode (wait or stop mode) all
BDM firmware commands as well as the hardware BACKGROUND command can not be used
respectively are ignored. In this case the CPU can not enter BDM active mode, and only hardware read and
write commands are available. Also the CPU can not enter a low power mode during BDM active mode.
If all bus masters are in stop mode, the BDM clocks are stopped as well. When BDM clocks are disabled
and one of the bus masters exits from stop mode the BDM clocks will restart and BDM will have a soft
reset (clearing the instruction register, any command in progress and disable the ACK function). The BDM
is now ready to receive a new command.
7.1.3
Block Diagram
A block diagram of the BDM is shown in Figure 7-1.
Host
System
Serial
Interface
BKGD
Data
16-Bit Shift Register
Control
Register Block
Address
TRACE
BDMACT
Instruction Code
and
Execution
Bus Interface
and
Control Logic
Data
Control
Clocks
ENBDM
SDV
UNSEC
CLKSW
Standard BDM Firmware
LOOKUP TABLE
Secured BDM Firmware
LOOKUP TABLE
BDMSTS
Register
Figure 7-1. BDM Block Diagram
7.2
External Signal Description
A single-wire interface pin called the background debug interface (BKGD) pin is used to communicate
with the BDM system. During reset, this pin is a mode select input which selects between normal and
special modes of operation. After reset, this pin becomes the dedicated serial interface pin for the
background debug mode.
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7.3
Memory Map and Register Definition
7.3.1
Module Memory Map
Table 7-2 shows the BDM memory map when BDM is active.
Table 7-2. BDM Memory Map
7.3.2
Global Address
Module
Size
(Bytes)
0x7FFF00–0x7FFF0B
BDM registers
12
0x7FFF0C–0x7FFF0E
BDM firmware ROM
3
0x7FFF0F
Family ID (part of BDM firmware ROM)
1
0x7FFF10–0x7FFFFF
BDM firmware ROM
240
Register Descriptions
A summary of the registers associated with the BDM is shown in Figure 7-2. Registers are accessed by
host-driven communications to the BDM hardware using READ_BD and WRITE_BD commands.
Global
Address
Register
Name
0x7FFF00
Reserved
R
Bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
X
X
X
X
X
X
0
0
BDMACT
0
SDV
TRACE
UNSEC
0
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
CCR7
CCR6
CCR5
CCR4
CCR3
CCR2
CCR1
CCR0
W
0x7FFF01
BDMSTS
R
W
0x7FFF02
Reserved
R
ENBDM
CLKSW
W
0x7FFF03
Reserved
R
W
0x7FFF04
Reserved
R
W
0x7FFF05
Reserved
R
W
0x7FFF06
BDMCCRL R
W
= Unimplemented, Reserved
X
= Indeterminate
= Implemented (do not alter)
0
= Always read zero
Figure 7-2. BDM Register Summary
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Global
Address
Register
Name
0x7FFF07
Bit 7
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
BGAE
BGP6
BGP5
BGP4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
BDMCCRH R
2
1
Bit 0
CCR10
CCR9
CCR8
BGP3
BGP2
BGP1
BGP0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
0x7FFF08
BDMGPR
R
W
0x7FFF09
Reserved
R
W
0x7FFF0A
Reserved
R
W
0x7FFF0B
Reserved
R
W
= Unimplemented, Reserved
= Indeterminate
X
= Implemented (do not alter)
= Always read zero
0
Figure 7-2. BDM Register Summary (continued)
7.3.2.1
BDM Status Register (BDMSTS)
Register Global Address 0x7FFF01
7
R
W
ENBDM
6
5
4
3
BDMACT
0
SDV
TRACE
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
UNSEC
0
0
0(3)
0
1(2)
0
0
0
0
0
CLKSW
Reset
Special Single-Chip Mode
Emulation Modes
0(1)
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
(if modes available)
All Other Modes
0
= Unimplemented, Reserved
= Implemented (do not alter)
0
= Always read zero
1. ENBDM is read as 1 by a debugging environment in special single chip mode when the device is not secured or secured but
fully erased (non-volatile memory). This is because the ENBDM bit is set by the standard firmware before a BDM command
can be fully transmitted and executed.
2. CLKSW is read as 1 by a debugging environment in emulation modes when the device is not secured and read as 0 when
secured if emulation modes available.
3. UNSEC is read as 1 by a debugging environment in special single chip mode when the device is secured and fully erased,
else it is 0 and can only be read if not secure (see also bit description).
Figure 7-3. BDM Status Register (BDMSTS)
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Read: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
Write: All modes through BDM operation when not secured, but subject to the following:
— ENBDM should only be set via a BDM hardware command if the BDM firmware commands
are needed. (This does not apply in special single chip and emulation modes).
— BDMACT can only be set by BDM hardware upon entry into BDM. It can only be cleared by
the standard BDM firmware lookup table upon exit from BDM active mode.
— CLKSW can only be written via BDM hardware WRITE_BD commands.
— All other bits, while writable via BDM hardware or standard BDM firmware write commands,
should only be altered by the BDM hardware or standard firmware lookup table as part of BDM
command execution.
Table 7-3. BDMSTS Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7
ENBDM
Enable BDM — This bit controls whether the BDM is enabled or disabled. When enabled, BDM can be made
active to allow firmware commands to be executed. When disabled, BDM cannot be made active but BDM
hardware commands are still allowed.
0 BDM disabled
1 BDM enabled
Note: ENBDM is set by the firmware out of reset in special single chip mode. In emulation modes (if modes
available) the ENBDM bit is set by BDM hardware out of reset. In special single chip mode with the device
secured, this bit will not be set by the firmware until after the non-volatile memory erase verify tests are
complete. In emulation modes (if modes available) with the device secured, the BDM operations are
blocked.
6
BDMACT
BDM Active Status — This bit becomes set upon entering BDM. The standard BDM firmware lookup table is
then enabled and put into the memory map. BDMACT is cleared by a carefully timed store instruction in the
standard BDM firmware as part of the exit sequence to return to user code and remove the BDM memory from
the map.
0 BDM not active
1 BDM active
4
SDV
Shift Data Valid — This bit is set and cleared by the BDM hardware. It is set after data has been transmitted as
part of a firmware or hardware read command or after data has been received as part of a firmware or hardware
write command. It is cleared when the next BDM command has been received or BDM is exited. SDV is used
by the standard BDM firmware to control program flow execution.
0 Data phase of command not complete
1 Data phase of command is complete
3
TRACE
TRACE1 BDM Firmware Command is Being Executed — This bit gets set when a BDM TRACE1 firmware
command is first recognized. It will stay set until BDM firmware is exited by one of the following BDM commands:
GO or GO_UNTIL.
0 TRACE1 command is not being executed
1 TRACE1 command is being executed
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Table 7-3. BDMSTS Field Descriptions (continued)
Field
Description
2
CLKSW
Clock Switch — The CLKSW bit controls which clock the BDM operates with. It is only writable from a hardware
BDM command. A minimum delay of 150 cycles at the clock speed that is active during the data portion of the
command send to change the clock source should occur before the next command can be send. The delay
should be obtained no matter which bit is modified to effectively change the clock source (either PLLSEL bit or
CLKSW bit). This guarantees that the start of the next BDM command uses the new clock for timing subsequent
BDM communications.
Table 7-4 shows the resulting BDM clock source based on the CLKSW and the PLLSEL (PLL select in the CRG
module, the bit is part of the CLKSEL register) bits.
Note: The BDM alternate clock source can only be selected when CLKSW = 0 and PLLSEL = 1. The BDM serial
interface is now fully synchronized to the alternate clock source, when enabled. This eliminates frequency
restriction on the alternate clock which was required on previous versions. Refer to the device
specification to determine which clock connects to the alternate clock source input.
Note: If the acknowledge function is turned on, changing the CLKSW bit will cause the ACK to be at the new
rate for the write command which changes it.
Note: In emulation modes (if modes available), the CLKSW bit will be set out of RESET.
1
UNSEC
Unsecure — If the device is secured this bit is only writable in special single chip mode from the BDM secure
firmware. It is in a zero state as secure mode is entered so that the secure BDM firmware lookup table is enabled
and put into the memory map overlapping the standard BDM firmware lookup table.
The secure BDM firmware lookup table verifies that the non-volatile memories (e.g. on-chip EEPROM and/or
Flash EEPROM) are erased. This being the case, the UNSEC bit is set and the BDM program jumps to the start
of the standard BDM firmware lookup table and the secure BDM firmware lookup table is turned off. If the erase
test fails, the UNSEC bit will not be asserted.
0 System is in a secured mode.
1 System is in a unsecured mode.
Note: When UNSEC is set, security is off and the user can change the state of the secure bits in the on-chip
Flash EEPROM. Note that if the user does not change the state of the bits to “unsecured” mode, the
system will be secured again when it is next taken out of reset.After reset this bit has no meaning or effect
when the security byte in the Flash EEPROM is configured for unsecure mode.
Table 7-4. BDM Clock Sources
PLLSEL
CLKSW
BDMCLK
0
0
Bus clock dependent on oscillator
0
1
Bus clock dependent on oscillator
1
0
Alternate clock (refer to the device specification to determine the alternate clock source)
1
1
Bus clock dependent on the PLL
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7.3.2.2
BDM CCR LOW Holding Register (BDMCCRL)
Register Global Address 0x7FFF06
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CCR7
CCR6
CCR5
CCR4
CCR3
CCR2
CCR1
CCR0
Special Single-Chip Mode
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
All Other Modes
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R
W
Reset
Figure 7-4. BDM CCR LOW Holding Register (BDMCCRL)
Read: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
Write: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
NOTE
When BDM is made active, the CPU stores the content of its CCRL register
in the BDMCCRL register. However, out of special single-chip reset, the
BDMCCRL is set to 0xD8 and not 0xD0 which is the reset value of the
CCRL register in this CPU mode. Out of reset in all other modes the
BDMCCRL register is read zero.
When entering background debug mode, the BDM CCR LOW holding register is used to save the low byte
of the condition code register of the user’s program. It is also used for temporary storage in the standard
BDM firmware mode. The BDM CCR LOW holding register can be written to modify the CCR value.
7.3.2.3
BDM CCR HIGH Holding Register (BDMCCRH)
Register Global Address 0x7FFF07
R
7
6
5
4
3
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
Reset
2
1
0
CCR10
CCR9
CCR8
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 7-5. BDM CCR HIGH Holding Register (BDMCCRH)
Read: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
Write: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
When entering background debug mode, the BDM CCR HIGH holding register is used to save the high
byte of the condition code register of the user’s program. The BDM CCR HIGH holding register can be
written to modify the CCR value.
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7.3.2.4
BDM Global Page Index Register (BDMGPR)
Register Global Address 0x7FFF08
R
W
Reset
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
BGAE
BGP6
BGP5
BGP4
BGP3
BGP2
BGP1
BGP0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Figure 7-6. BDM Global Page Register (BDMGPR)
Read: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
Write: All modes through BDM operation when not secured
Table 7-5. BDMGPR Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7
BGAE
BDM Global Page Access Enable Bit — BGAE enables global page access for BDM hardware and firmware
read/write instructions The BDM hardware commands used to access the BDM registers (READ_BD_ and
WRITE_BD_) can not be used for global accesses even if the BGAE bit is set.
0 BDM Global Access disabled
1 BDM Global Access enabled
6–0
BGP[6:0]
BDM Global Page Index Bits 6–0 — These bits define the extended address bits from 22 to 16. For more
detailed information regarding the global page window scheme, please refer to the S12X_MMC Block Guide.
7.3.3
Family ID Assignment
The family ID is a 8-bit value located in the firmware ROM (at global address: 0x7FFF0F). The read-only
value is a unique family ID which is 0xC1 for S12X devices.
7.4
Functional Description
The BDM receives and executes commands from a host via a single wire serial interface. There are two
types of BDM commands: hardware and firmware commands.
Hardware commands are used to read and write target system memory locations and to enter active
background debug mode, see Section 7.4.3, “BDM Hardware Commands”. Target system memory
includes all memory that is accessible by the CPU.
Firmware commands are used to read and write CPU resources and to exit from active background debug
mode, see Section 7.4.4, “Standard BDM Firmware Commands”. The CPU resources referred to are the
accumulator (D), X index register (X), Y index register (Y), stack pointer (SP), and program counter (PC).
Hardware commands can be executed at any time and in any mode excluding a few exceptions as
highlighted (see Section 7.4.3, “BDM Hardware Commands”) and in secure mode (see Section 7.4.1,
“Security”). Firmware commands can only be executed when the system is not secure and is in active
background debug mode (BDM).
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7.4.1
Security
If the user resets into special single chip mode with the system secured, a secured mode BDM firmware
lookup table is brought into the map overlapping a portion of the standard BDM firmware lookup table.
The secure BDM firmware verifies that the on-chip non-volatile memory (e.g. EEPROM and Flash
EEPROM) is erased. This being the case, the UNSEC and ENBDM bit will get set. The BDM program
jumps to the start of the standard BDM firmware and the secured mode BDM firmware is turned off and
all BDM commands are allowed. If the non-volatile memory does not verify as erased, the BDM firmware
sets the ENBDM bit, without asserting UNSEC, and the firmware enters a loop. This causes the BDM
hardware commands to become enabled, but does not enable the firmware commands. This allows the
BDM hardware to be used to erase the non-volatile memory.
BDM operation is not possible in any other mode than special single chip mode when the device is secured.
The device can be unsecured via BDM serial interface in special single chip mode only. More information
regarding security is provided in the security section of the device documentation.
7.4.2
Enabling and Activating BDM
The system must be in active BDM to execute standard BDM firmware commands. BDM can be activated
only after being enabled. BDM is enabled by setting the ENBDM bit in the BDM status (BDMSTS)
register. The ENBDM bit is set by writing to the BDM status (BDMSTS) register, via the single-wire
interface, using a hardware command such as WRITE_BD_BYTE.
After being enabled, BDM is activated by one of the following1:
• Hardware BACKGROUND command
• CPU BGND instruction
• External instruction tagging mechanism2
• Breakpoint force or tag mechanism2
When BDM is activated, the CPU finishes executing the current instruction and then begins executing the
firmware in the standard BDM firmware lookup table. When BDM is activated by a breakpoint, the type
of breakpoint used determines if BDM becomes active before or after execution of the next instruction.
NOTE
If an attempt is made to activate BDM before being enabled, the CPU
resumes normal instruction execution after a brief delay. If BDM is not
enabled, any hardware BACKGROUND commands issued are ignored by
the BDM and the CPU is not delayed.
In active BDM, the BDM registers and standard BDM firmware lookup table are mapped to addresses
0x7FFF00 to 0x7FFFFF. BDM registers are mapped to addresses 0x7FFF00 to 0x7FFF0B. The BDM uses
these registers which are readable anytime by the BDM. However, these registers are not readable by user
programs.
1. BDM is enabled and active immediately out of special single-chip reset.
2. This method is provided by the S12X_DBG module.
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7.4.3
BDM Hardware Commands
Hardware commands are used to read and write target system memory locations and to enter active
background debug mode. Target system memory includes all memory that is accessible by the CPU on the
SOC which can be on-chip RAM, non-volatile memory (e.g. EEPROM, Flash EEPROM), I/O and control
registers, and all external memory.
Hardware commands are executed with minimal or no CPU intervention and do not require the system to
be in active BDM for execution, although, they can still be executed in this mode. When executing a
hardware command, the BDM sub-block waits for a free bus cycle so that the background access does not
disturb the running application program. If a free cycle is not found within 128 clock cycles, the CPU is
momentarily frozen so that the BDM can steal a cycle. When the BDM finds a free cycle, the operation
does not intrude on normal CPU operation provided that it can be completed in a single cycle. However,
if an operation requires multiple cycles the CPU is frozen until the operation is complete, even though the
BDM found a free cycle.
The BDM hardware commands are listed in Table 7-6.
The READ_BD and WRITE_BD commands allow access to the BDM register locations. These locations
are not normally in the system memory map but share addresses with the application in memory. To
distinguish between physical memory locations that share the same address, BDM memory resources are
enabled just for the READ_BD and WRITE_BD access cycle. This allows the BDM to access BDM
locations unobtrusively, even if the addresses conflict with the application memory map.
Table 7-6. Hardware Commands
Opcode
(hex)
Data
BACKGROUND
90
None
Enter background mode if firmware is enabled. If enabled, an ACK will be
issued when the part enters active background mode.
ACK_ENABLE
D5
None
Enable Handshake. Issues an ACK pulse after the command is executed.
ACK_DISABLE
D6
None
Disable Handshake. This command does not issue an ACK pulse.
READ_BD_BYTE
E4
16-bit address Read from memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table in map.
16-bit data out Odd address data on low byte; even address data on high byte.
READ_BD_WORD
EC
16-bit address Read from memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table in map.
16-bit data out Must be aligned access.
READ_BYTE
E0
16-bit address Read from memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table out of map.
16-bit data out Odd address data on low byte; even address data on high byte.
READ_WORD
E8
16-bit address Read from memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table out of map.
16-bit data out Must be aligned access.
WRITE_BD_BYTE
C4
16-bit address Write to memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table in map.
16-bit data in Odd address data on low byte; even address data on high byte.
WRITE_BD_WORD
CC
16-bit address Write to memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table in map.
16-bit data in Must be aligned access.
WRITE_BYTE
C0
16-bit address Write to memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table out of map.
16-bit data in Odd address data on low byte; even address data on high byte.
Command
Description
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Table 7-6. Hardware Commands (continued)
Command
WRITE_WORD
Opcode
(hex)
C8
Data
Description
16-bit address Write to memory with standard BDM firmware lookup table out of map.
16-bit data in Must be aligned access.
NOTE:
If enabled, ACK will occur when data is ready for transmission for all BDM READ commands and will occur after the write is
complete for all BDM WRITE commands.
7.4.4
Standard BDM Firmware Commands
Firmware commands are used to access and manipulate CPU resources. The system must be in active
BDM to execute standard BDM firmware commands, see Section 7.4.2, “Enabling and Activating BDM”.
Normal instruction execution is suspended while the CPU executes the firmware located in the standard
BDM firmware lookup table. The hardware command BACKGROUND is the usual way to activate BDM.
As the system enters active BDM, the standard BDM firmware lookup table and BDM registers become
visible in the on-chip memory map at 0x7FFF00–0x7FFFFF, and the CPU begins executing the standard
BDM firmware. The standard BDM firmware watches for serial commands and executes them as they are
received.
The firmware commands are shown in Table 7-7.
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Table 7-7. Firmware Commands
Command(1)
Opcode
(hex)
Data
Description
READ_NEXT(2)
62
16-bit data out Increment X index register by 2 (X = X + 2), then read word X points to.
READ_PC
63
16-bit data out Read program counter.
READ_D
64
16-bit data out Read D accumulator.
READ_X
65
16-bit data out Read X index register.
READ_Y
66
16-bit data out Read Y index register.
READ_SP
67
16-bit data out Read stack pointer.
WRITE_NEXT
42
16-bit data in
Increment X index register by 2 (X = X + 2), then write word to location
pointed to by X.
WRITE_PC
43
16-bit data in
Write program counter.
WRITE_D
44
16-bit data in
Write D accumulator.
WRITE_X
45
16-bit data in
Write X index register.
WRITE_Y
46
16-bit data in
Write Y index register.
WRITE_SP
47
16-bit data in
Write stack pointer.
GO
08
none
Go to user program. If enabled, ACK will occur when leaving active
background mode.
GO_UNTIL(3)
0C
none
Go to user program. If enabled, ACK will occur upon returning to active
background mode.
TRACE1
10
none
Execute one user instruction then return to active BDM. If enabled,
ACK will occur upon returning to active background mode.
TAGGO -> GO
18
none
(Previous enable tagging and go to user program.)
This command will be deprecated and should not be used anymore.
Opcode will be executed as a GO command.
1. If enabled, ACK will occur when data is ready for transmission for all BDM READ commands and will occur after the write is
complete for all BDM WRITE commands.
2. When the firmware command READ_NEXT or WRITE_NEXT is used to access the BDM address space the BDM resources
are accessed rather than user code. Writing BDM firmware is not possible.
3. System stop disables the ACK function and ignored commands will not have an ACK-pulse (e.g., CPU in stop or wait mode).
The GO_UNTIL command will not get an Acknowledge if CPU executes the wait or stop instruction before the “UNTIL”
condition (BDM active again) is reached (see Section 7.4.7, “Serial Interface Hardware Handshake Protocol” last Note).
7.4.5
BDM Command Structure
Hardware and firmware BDM commands start with an 8-bit opcode followed by a 16-bit address and/or a
16-bit data word depending on the command. All the read commands return 16 bits of data despite the byte
or word implication in the command name.
8-bit reads return 16-bits of data, of which, only one byte will contain valid data. If reading an even
address, the valid data will appear in the MSB. If reading an odd address, the valid data will appear in the
LSB.
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16-bit misaligned reads and writes are generally not allowed. If attempted by BDM hardware command,
the BDM will ignore the least significant bit of the address and will assume an even address from the
remaining bits.
For devices with external bus:
The following cycle count information is only valid when the external wait function is not used (see wait
bit of EBI sub-block). During an external wait the BDM can not steal a cycle. Hence be careful with the
external wait function if the BDM serial interface is much faster than the bus, because of the BDM softreset after time-out (see Section 7.4.11, “Serial Communication Time Out”).
For hardware data read commands, the external host must wait at least 150 bus clock cycles after sending
the address before attempting to obtain the read data. This is to be certain that valid data is available in the
BDM shift register, ready to be shifted out. For hardware write commands, the external host must wait
150 bus clock cycles after sending the data to be written before attempting to send a new command. This
is to avoid disturbing the BDM shift register before the write has been completed. The 150 bus clock cycle
delay in both cases includes the maximum 128 cycle delay that can be incurred as the BDM waits for a
free cycle before stealing a cycle.
For firmware read commands, the external host should wait at least 48 bus clock cycles after sending the
command opcode and before attempting to obtain the read data. This includes the potential of extra cycles
when the access is external and stretched (+1 to maximum +7 cycles) or to registers of the PRU (port
replacement unit) in emulation modes (if modes available). The 48 cycle wait allows enough time for the
requested data to be made available in the BDM shift register, ready to be shifted out.
NOTE
This timing has increased from previous BDM modules due to the new
capability in which the BDM serial interface can potentially run faster than
the bus. On previous BDM modules this extra time could be hidden within
the serial time.
For firmware write commands, the external host must wait 36 bus clock cycles after sending the data to be
written before attempting to send a new command. This is to avoid disturbing the BDM shift register
before the write has been completed.
The external host should wait at least for 76 bus clock cycles after a TRACE1 or GO command before
starting any new serial command. This is to allow the CPU to exit gracefully from the standard BDM
firmware lookup table and resume execution of the user code. Disturbing the BDM shift register
prematurely may adversely affect the exit from the standard BDM firmware lookup table.
NOTE
If the bus rate of the target processor is unknown or could be changing or the
external wait function is used, it is recommended that the ACK
(acknowledge function) is used to indicate when an operation is complete.
When using ACK, the delay times are automated.
Figure 7-7 represents the BDM command structure. The command blocks illustrate a series of eight bit
times starting with a falling edge. The bar across the top of the blocks indicates that the BKGD line idles
in the high state. The time for an 8-bit command is 8 × 16 target clock cycles.1
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Hardware
Read
8 Bits
AT ~16 TC/Bit
16 Bits
AT ~16 TC/Bit
Command
Address
150-BC
Delay
16 Bits
AT ~16 TC/Bit
Data
Next
Command
150-BC
Delay
Hardware
Write
Command
Address
Next
Command
Data
48-BC
DELAY
Firmware
Read
Command
Next
Command
Data
36-BC
DELAY
Firmware
Write
Command
Data
Next
Command
76-BC
Delay
GO,
TRACE
Command
Next
Command
BC = Bus Clock Cycles
TC = Target Clock Cycles
Figure 7-7. BDM Command Structure
7.4.6
BDM Serial Interface
The BDM communicates with external devices serially via the BKGD pin. During reset, this pin is a mode
select input which selects between normal and special modes of operation. After reset, this pin becomes
the dedicated serial interface pin for the BDM.
The BDM serial interface is timed using the clock selected by the CLKSW bit in the status register see
Section 7.3.2.1, “BDM Status Register (BDMSTS)”. This clock will be referred to as the target clock in
the following explanation.
The BDM serial interface uses a clocking scheme in which the external host generates a falling edge on
the BKGD pin to indicate the start of each bit time. This falling edge is sent for every bit whether data is
transmitted or received. Data is transferred most significant bit (MSB) first at 16 target clock cycles per
bit. The interface times out if 512 clock cycles occur between falling edges from the host.
The BKGD pin is a pseudo open-drain pin and has an weak on-chip active pull-up that is enabled at all
times. It is assumed that there is an external pull-up and that drivers connected to BKGD do not typically
drive the high level. Since R-C rise time could be unacceptably long, the target system and host provide
brief driven-high (speedup) pulses to drive BKGD to a logic 1. The source of this speedup pulse is the host
for transmit cases and the target for receive cases.
The timing for host-to-target is shown in Figure 7-8 and that of target-to-host in Figure 7-9 and
Figure 7-10. All four cases begin when the host drives the BKGD pin low to generate a falling edge. Since
the host and target are operating from separate clocks, it can take the target system up to one full clock
1. Target clock cycles are cycles measured using the target MCU’s serial clock rate. See Section 7.4.6, “BDM Serial Interface”
and Section 7.3.2.1, “BDM Status Register (BDMSTS)” for information on how serial clock rate is selected.
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cycle to recognize this edge. The target measures delays from this perceived start of the bit time while the
host measures delays from the point it actually drove BKGD low to start the bit up to one target clock cycle
earlier. Synchronization between the host and target is established in this manner at the start of every bit
time.
Figure 7-8 shows an external host transmitting a logic 1 and transmitting a logic 0 to the BKGD pin of a
target system. The host is asynchronous to the target, so there is up to a one clock-cycle delay from the
host-generated falling edge to where the target recognizes this edge as the beginning of the bit time. Ten
target clock cycles later, the target senses the bit level on the BKGD pin. Internal glitch detect logic
requires the pin be driven high no later that eight target clock cycles after the falling edge for a logic 1
transmission.
Since the host drives the high speedup pulses in these two cases, the rising edges look like digitally driven
signals.
BDM Clock
(Target MCU)
Host
Transmit 1
Host
Transmit 0
Perceived
Start of Bit Time
Target Senses Bit
10 Cycles
Synchronization
Uncertainty
Earliest
Start of
Next Bit
Figure 7-8. BDM Host-to-Target Serial Bit Timing
The receive cases are more complicated. Figure 7-9 shows the host receiving a logic 1 from the target
system. Since the host is asynchronous to the target, there is up to one clock-cycle delay from the hostgenerated falling edge on BKGD to the perceived start of the bit time in the target. The host holds the
BKGD pin low long enough for the target to recognize it (at least two target clock cycles). The host must
release the low drive before the target drives a brief high speedup pulse seven target clock cycles after the
perceived start of the bit time. The host should sample the bit level about 10 target clock cycles after it
started the bit time.
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BDM Clock
(Target MCU)
Host
Drive to
BKGD Pin
Target System
Speedup
Pulse
High-Impedance
High-Impedance
High-Impedance
Perceived
Start of Bit Time
R-C Rise
BKGD Pin
10 Cycles
10 Cycles
Host Samples
BKGD Pin
Earliest
Start of
Next Bit
Figure 7-9. BDM Target-to-Host Serial Bit Timing (Logic 1)
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Figure 7-10 shows the host receiving a logic 0 from the target. Since the host is asynchronous to the target,
there is up to a one clock-cycle delay from the host-generated falling edge on BKGD to the start of the bit
time as perceived by the target. The host initiates the bit time but the target finishes it. Since the target
wants the host to receive a logic 0, it drives the BKGD pin low for 13 target clock cycles then briefly drives
it high to speed up the rising edge. The host samples the bit level about 10 target clock cycles after starting
the bit time.
BDM Clock
(Target MCU)
Host
Drive to
BKGD Pin
High-Impedance
Speedup Pulse
Target System
Drive and
Speedup Pulse
Perceived
Start of Bit Time
BKGD Pin
10 Cycles
10 Cycles
Host Samples
BKGD Pin
Earliest
Start of
Next Bit
Figure 7-10. BDM Target-to-Host Serial Bit Timing (Logic 0)
7.4.7
Serial Interface Hardware Handshake Protocol
BDM commands that require CPU execution are ultimately treated at the MCU bus rate. Since the BDM
clock source can be asynchronously related to the bus frequency, when CLKSW = 0, it is very helpful to
provide a handshake protocol in which the host could determine when an issued command is executed by
the CPU. The alternative is to always wait the amount of time equal to the appropriate number of cycles at
the slowest possible rate the clock could be running. This sub-section will describe the hardware
handshake protocol.
The hardware handshake protocol signals to the host controller when an issued command was successfully
executed by the target. This protocol is implemented by a 16 serial clock cycle low pulse followed by a
brief speedup pulse in the BKGD pin. This pulse is generated by the target MCU when a command, issued
by the host, has been successfully executed (see Figure 7-11). This pulse is referred to as the ACK pulse.
After the ACK pulse has finished: the host can start the bit retrieval if the last issued command was a read
command, or start a new command if the last command was a write command or a control command
(BACKGROUND, GO, GO_UNTIL or TRACE1). The ACK pulse is not issued earlier than 32 serial clock
cycles after the BDM command was issued. The end of the BDM command is assumed to be the 16th tick
of the last bit. This minimum delay assures enough time for the host to perceive the ACK pulse. Note also
that, there is no upper limit for the delay between the command and the related ACK pulse, since the
command execution depends upon the CPU bus frequency, which in some cases could be very slow
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compared to the serial communication rate. This protocol allows a great flexibility for the POD designers,
since it does not rely on any accurate time measurement or short response time to any event in the serial
communication.
BDM Clock
(Target MCU)
16 Cycles
Target
Transmits
ACK Pulse
High-Impedance
High-Impedance
32 Cycles
Speedup Pulse
Minimum Delay
From the BDM Command
BKGD Pin
Earliest
Start of
Next Bit
16th Tick of the
Last Command Bit
Figure 7-11. Target Acknowledge Pulse (ACK)
NOTE
If the ACK pulse was issued by the target, the host assumes the previous
command was executed. If the CPU enters wait or stop prior to executing a
hardware command, the ACK pulse will not be issued meaning that the
BDM command was not executed. After entering wait or stop mode, the
BDM command is no longer pending.
Figure 7-12 shows the ACK handshake protocol in a command level timing diagram. The READ_BYTE
instruction is used as an example. First, the 8-bit instruction opcode is sent by the host, followed by the
address of the memory location to be read. The target BDM decodes the instruction. A bus cycle is grabbed
(free or stolen) by the BDM and it executes the READ_BYTE operation. Having retrieved the data, the
BDM issues an ACK pulse to the host controller, indicating that the addressed byte is ready to be retrieved.
After detecting the ACK pulse, the host initiates the byte retrieval process. Note that data is sent in the form
of a word and the host needs to determine which is the appropriate byte based on whether the address was
odd or even.
Target
BKGD Pin READ_BYTE
Host
Byte Address
Host
(2) Bytes are
Retrieved
New BDM
Command
Host
Target
Target
BDM Issues the
ACK Pulse (out of scale)
BDM Decodes
the Command
BDM Executes the
READ_BYTE Command
Figure 7-12. Handshake Protocol at Command Level
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Differently from the normal bit transfer (where the host initiates the transmission), the serial interface ACK
handshake pulse is initiated by the target MCU by issuing a negative edge in the BKGD pin. The hardware
handshake protocol in Figure 7-11 specifies the timing when the BKGD pin is being driven, so the host
should follow this timing constraint in order to avoid the risk of an electrical conflict in the BKGD pin.
NOTE
The only place the BKGD pin can have an electrical conflict is when one
side is driving low and the other side is issuing a speedup pulse (high). Other
“highs” are pulled rather than driven. However, at low rates the time of the
speedup pulse can become lengthy and so the potential conflict time
becomes longer as well.
The ACK handshake protocol does not support nested ACK pulses. If a BDM command is not
acknowledge by an ACK pulse, the host needs to abort the pending command first in order to be able to
issue a new BDM command. When the CPU enters wait or stop while the host issues a hardware command
(e.g., WRITE_BYTE), the target discards the incoming command due to the wait or stop being detected.
Therefore, the command is not acknowledged by the target, which means that the ACK pulse will not be
issued in this case. After a certain time the host (not aware of stop or wait) should decide to abort any
possible pending ACK pulse in order to be sure a new command can be issued. Therefore, the protocol
provides a mechanism in which a command, and its corresponding ACK, can be aborted.
NOTE
The ACK pulse does not provide a time out. This means for the GO_UNTIL
command that it can not be distinguished if a stop or wait has been executed
(command discarded and ACK not issued) or if the “UNTIL” condition
(BDM active) is just not reached yet. Hence in any case where the ACK
pulse of a command is not issued the possible pending command should be
aborted before issuing a new command. See the handshake abort procedure
described in Section 7.4.8, “Hardware Handshake Abort Procedure”.
7.4.8
Hardware Handshake Abort Procedure
The abort procedure is based on the SYNC command. In order to abort a command, which had not issued
the corresponding ACK pulse, the host controller should generate a low pulse in the BKGD pin by driving
it low for at least 128 serial clock cycles and then driving it high for one serial clock cycle, providing a
speedup pulse. By detecting this long low pulse in the BKGD pin, the target executes the SYNC protocol,
see Section 7.4.9, “SYNC — Request Timed Reference Pulse”, and assumes that the pending command
and therefore the related ACK pulse, are being aborted. Therefore, after the SYNC protocol has been
completed the host is free to issue new BDM commands. For Firmware READ or WRITE commands it
can not be guaranteed that the pending command is aborted when issuing a SYNC before the
corresponding ACK pulse. There is a short latency time from the time the READ or WRITE access begins
until it is finished and the corresponding ACK pulse is issued. The latency time depends on the firmware
READ or WRITE command that is issued and if the serial interface is running on a different clock rate
than the bus. When the SYNC command starts during this latency time the READ or WRITE command
will not be aborted, but the corresponding ACK pulse will be aborted. A pending GO, TRACE1 or
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GO_UNTIL command can not be aborted. Only the corresponding ACK pulse can be aborted by the
SYNC command.
Although it is not recommended, the host could abort a pending BDM command by issuing a low pulse in
the BKGD pin shorter than 128 serial clock cycles, which will not be interpreted as the SYNC command.
The ACK is actually aborted when a negative edge is perceived by the target in the BKGD pin. The short
abort pulse should have at least 4 clock cycles keeping the BKGD pin low, in order to allow the negative
edge to be detected by the target. In this case, the target will not execute the SYNC protocol but the pending
command will be aborted along with the ACK pulse. The potential problem with this abort procedure is
when there is a conflict between the ACK pulse and the short abort pulse. In this case, the target may not
perceive the abort pulse. The worst case is when the pending command is a read command (i.e.,
READ_BYTE). If the abort pulse is not perceived by the target the host will attempt to send a new
command after the abort pulse was issued, while the target expects the host to retrieve the accessed
memory byte. In this case, host and target will run out of synchronism. However, if the command to be
aborted is not a read command the short abort pulse could be used. After a command is aborted the target
assumes the next negative edge, after the abort pulse, is the first bit of a new BDM command.
NOTE
The details about the short abort pulse are being provided only as a reference
for the reader to better understand the BDM internal behavior. It is not
recommended that this procedure be used in a real application.
Since the host knows the target serial clock frequency, the SYNC command (used to abort a command)
does not need to consider the lower possible target frequency. In this case, the host could issue a SYNC
very close to the 128 serial clock cycles length. Providing a small overhead on the pulse length in order to
assure the SYNC pulse will not be misinterpreted by the target. See Section 7.4.9, “SYNC — Request
Timed Reference Pulse”.
Figure 7-13 shows a SYNC command being issued after a READ_BYTE, which aborts the READ_BYTE
command. Note that, after the command is aborted a new command could be issued by the host computer.
READ_BYTE CMD is Aborted
by the SYNC Request
(Out of Scale)
BKGD Pin READ_BYTE
Host
Memory Address
Target
BDM Decode
and Starts to Execute
the READ_BYTE Command
SYNC Response
From the Target
(Out of Scale)
READ_STATUS
Host
Target
New BDM Command
Host
Target
New BDM Command
Figure 7-13. ACK Abort Procedure at the Command Level
NOTE
Figure 7-13 does not represent the signals in a true timing scale
Figure 7-14 shows a conflict between the ACK pulse and the SYNC request pulse. This conflict could
occur if a POD device is connected to the target BKGD pin and the target is already in debug active mode.
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Consider that the target CPU is executing a pending BDM command at the exact moment the POD is being
connected to the BKGD pin. In this case, an ACK pulse is issued along with the SYNC command. In this
case, there is an electrical conflict between the ACK speedup pulse and the SYNC pulse. Since this is not
a probable situation, the protocol does not prevent this conflict from happening.
At Least 128 Cycles
BDM Clock
(Target MCU)
ACK Pulse
Target MCU
Drives to
BKGD Pin
Host
Drives SYNC
To BKGD Pin
High-Impedance
Host and
Target Drive
to BKGD Pin
Electrical Conflict
Speedup Pulse
Host SYNC Request Pulse
BKGD Pin
16 Cycles
Figure 7-14. ACK Pulse and SYNC Request Conflict
NOTE
This information is being provided so that the MCU integrator will be aware
that such a conflict could eventually occur.
The hardware handshake protocol is enabled by the ACK_ENABLE and disabled by the ACK_DISABLE
BDM commands. This provides backwards compatibility with the existing POD devices which are not
able to execute the hardware handshake protocol. It also allows for new POD devices, that support the
hardware handshake protocol, to freely communicate with the target device. If desired, without the need
for waiting for the ACK pulse.
The commands are described as follows:
• ACK_ENABLE — enables the hardware handshake protocol. The target will issue the ACK pulse
when a CPU command is executed by the CPU. The ACK_ENABLE command itself also has the
ACK pulse as a response.
• ACK_DISABLE — disables the ACK pulse protocol. In this case, the host needs to use the worst
case delay time at the appropriate places in the protocol.
The default state of the BDM after reset is hardware handshake protocol disabled.
All the read commands will ACK (if enabled) when the data bus cycle has completed and the data is then
ready for reading out by the BKGD serial pin. All the write commands will ACK (if enabled) after the data
has been received by the BDM through the BKGD serial pin and when the data bus cycle is complete. See
Section 7.4.3, “BDM Hardware Commands” and Section 7.4.4, “Standard BDM Firmware Commands”
for more information on the BDM commands.
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The ACK_ENABLE sends an ACK pulse when the command has been completed. This feature could be
used by the host to evaluate if the target supports the hardware handshake protocol. If an ACK pulse is
issued in response to this command, the host knows that the target supports the hardware handshake
protocol. If the target does not support the hardware handshake protocol the ACK pulse is not issued. In
this case, the ACK_ENABLE command is ignored by the target since it is not recognized as a valid
command.
The BACKGROUND command will issue an ACK pulse when the CPU changes from normal to
background mode. The ACK pulse related to this command could be aborted using the SYNC command.
The GO command will issue an ACK pulse when the CPU exits from background mode. The ACK pulse
related to this command could be aborted using the SYNC command.
The GO_UNTIL command is equivalent to a GO command with exception that the ACK pulse, in this
case, is issued when the CPU enters into background mode. This command is an alternative to the GO
command and should be used when the host wants to trace if a breakpoint match occurs and causes the
CPU to enter active background mode. Note that the ACK is issued whenever the CPU enters BDM, which
could be caused by a breakpoint match or by a BGND instruction being executed. The ACK pulse related
to this command could be aborted using the SYNC command.
The TRACE1 command has the related ACK pulse issued when the CPU enters background active mode
after one instruction of the application program is executed. The ACK pulse related to this command could
be aborted using the SYNC command.
7.4.9
SYNC — Request Timed Reference Pulse
The SYNC command is unlike other BDM commands because the host does not necessarily know the
correct communication speed to use for BDM communications until after it has analyzed the response to
the SYNC command. To issue a SYNC command, the host should perform the following steps:
1. Drive the BKGD pin low for at least 128 cycles at the lowest possible BDM serial communication
frequency (the lowest serial communication frequency is determined by the crystal oscillator or the
clock chosen by CLKSW.)
2. Drive BKGD high for a brief speedup pulse to get a fast rise time (this speedup pulse is typically
one cycle of the host clock.)
3. Remove all drive to the BKGD pin so it reverts to high impedance.
4. Listen to the BKGD pin for the sync response pulse.
Upon detecting the SYNC request from the host, the target performs the following steps:
1. Discards any incomplete command received or bit retrieved.
2. Waits for BKGD to return to a logic one.
3. Delays 16 cycles to allow the host to stop driving the high speedup pulse.
4. Drives BKGD low for 128 cycles at the current BDM serial communication frequency.
5. Drives a one-cycle high speedup pulse to force a fast rise time on BKGD.
6. Removes all drive to the BKGD pin so it reverts to high impedance.
The host measures the low time of this 128 cycle SYNC response pulse and determines the correct speed
for subsequent BDM communications. Typically, the host can determine the correct communication speed
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within a few percent of the actual target speed and the communication protocol can easily tolerate speed
errors of several percent.
As soon as the SYNC request is detected by the target, any partially received command or bit retrieved is
discarded. This is referred to as a soft-reset, equivalent to a time-out in the serial communication. After the
SYNC response, the target will consider the next negative edge (issued by the host) as the start of a new
BDM command or the start of new SYNC request.
Another use of the SYNC command pulse is to abort a pending ACK pulse. The behavior is exactly the
same as in a regular SYNC command. Note that one of the possible causes for a command to not be
acknowledged by the target is a host-target synchronization problem. In this case, the command may not
have been understood by the target and so an ACK response pulse will not be issued.
7.4.10
Instruction Tracing
When a TRACE1 command is issued to the BDM in active BDM, the CPU exits the standard BDM
firmware and executes a single instruction in the user code. Once this has occurred, the CPU is forced to
return to the standard BDM firmware and the BDM is active and ready to receive a new command. If the
TRACE1 command is issued again, the next user instruction will be executed. This facilitates stepping or
tracing through the user code one instruction at a time.
If an interrupt is pending when a TRACE1 command is issued, the interrupt stacking operation occurs but
no user instruction is executed. Once back in standard BDM firmware execution, the program counter
points to the first instruction in the interrupt service routine.
Be aware when tracing through the user code that the execution of the user code is done step by step but
all peripherals are free running. Hence possible timing relations between CPU code execution and
occurrence of events of other peripherals no longer exist.
Do not trace the CPU instruction BGND used for soft breakpoints. Tracing the BGND instruction will
result in a return address pointing to BDM firmware address space.
When tracing through user code which contains stop or wait instructions the following will happen when
the stop or wait instruction is traced:
The CPU enters stop or wait mode and the TRACE1 command can not be finished before leaving the low
power mode. This is the case because BDM active mode can not be entered after CPU executed the stop
instruction. However all BDM hardware commands except the BACKGROUND command are operational
after tracing a stop or wait instruction and still being in stop or wait mode. If system stop mode is entered
(all bus masters are in stop mode) no BDM command is operational.
As soon as stop or wait mode is exited the CPU enters BDM active mode and the saved PC value points to
the entry of the corresponding interrupt service routine.
In case the handshake feature is enabled the corresponding ACK pulse of the TRACE1 command will be
discarded when tracing a stop or wait instruction. Hence there is no ACK pulse when BDM active mode
is entered as part of the TRACE1 command after CPU exited from stop or wait mode. All valid commands
sent during CPU being in stop or wait mode or after CPU exited from stop or wait mode will have an ACK
pulse. The handshake feature becomes disabled only when system stop mode has been reached. Hence
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after a system stop mode the handshake feature must be enabled again by sending the ACK_ENABLE
command.
7.4.11
Serial Communication Time Out
The host initiates a host-to-target serial transmission by generating a falling edge on the BKGD pin. If
BKGD is kept low for more than 128 target clock cycles, the target understands that a SYNC command
was issued. In this case, the target will keep waiting for a rising edge on BKGD in order to answer the
SYNC request pulse. If the rising edge is not detected, the target will keep waiting forever without any
time-out limit.
Consider now the case where the host returns BKGD to logic one before 128 cycles. This is interpreted as
a valid bit transmission, and not as a SYNC request. The target will keep waiting for another falling edge
marking the start of a new bit. If, however, a new falling edge is not detected by the target within 512 clock
cycles since the last falling edge, a time-out occurs and the current command is discarded without affecting
memory or the operating mode of the MCU. This is referred to as a soft-reset.
If a read command is issued but the data is not retrieved within 512 serial clock cycles, a soft-reset will
occur causing the command to be disregarded. The data is not available for retrieval after the time-out has
occurred. This is the expected behavior if the handshake protocol is not enabled. However, consider the
behavior where the BDM is running in a frequency much greater than the CPU frequency. In this case, the
command could time out before the data is ready to be retrieved. In order to allow the data to be retrieved
even with a large clock frequency mismatch (between BDM and CPU) when the hardware handshake
protocol is enabled, the time out between a read command and the data retrieval is disabled. Therefore, the
host could wait for more then 512 serial clock cycles and still be able to retrieve the data from an issued
read command. However, once the handshake pulse (ACK pulse) is issued, the time-out feature is reactivated, meaning that the target will time out after 512 clock cycles. Therefore, the host needs to retrieve
the data within a 512 serial clock cycles time frame after the ACK pulse had been issued. After that period,
the read command is discarded and the data is no longer available for retrieval. Any negative edge in the
BKGD pin after the time-out period is considered to be a new command or a SYNC request.
Note that whenever a partially issued command, or partially retrieved data, has occurred the time out in the
serial communication is active. This means that if a time frame higher than 512 serial clock cycles is
observed between two consecutive negative edges and the command being issued or data being retrieved
is not complete, a soft-reset will occur causing the partially received command or data retrieved to be
disregarded. The next negative edge in the BKGD pin, after a soft-reset has occurred, is considered by the
target as the start of a new BDM command, or the start of a SYNC request pulse.
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S12X Debug (S12XDBGV3) Module
Table 8-1. Revision History
Revision
Number
Revision Date
Sections
Affected
V03.20
14 Sep 2007
8.3.2.7/8-317
- Clarified reserved State Sequencer encodings.
V03.21
23 Oct 2007
8.4.2.2/8-329
8.4.2.4/8-330
- Added single databyte comparison limitation information
- Added statement about interrupt vector fetches whilst tagging.
V03.22
12 Nov 2007
8.4.5.2/8-334
8.4.5.5/8-341
- Removed LOOP1 tracing restriction NOTE.
- Added pin reset effect NOTE.
V03.23
13 Nov 2007
General
V03.24
04 Jan 2008
8.4.5.3/8-336
V03.25
14 May 2008
General
- Updated Revision History Table format. Corrected other paragraph formats.
V03.26
12 Sep 2012
General
- Added missing full stops. Removed redundant quotation marks.
8.1
Description of Changes
- Text readability improved, typo removed.
- Corrected bit name.
Introduction
The S12XDBG module provides an on-chip trace buffer with flexible triggering capability to allow nonintrusive debug of application software. The S12XDBG module is optimized for the S12X 16-bit
architecture and allows debugging of CPU12Xand XGATE module operations.
Typically the S12XDBG module is used in conjunction with the S12XBDM module, whereby the user
configures the S12XDBG module for a debugging session over the BDM interface. Once configured the
S12XDBG module is armed and the device leaves BDM Mode returning control to the user program,
which is then monitored by the S12XDBG module. Alternatively the S12XDBG module can be configured
over a serial interface using SWI routines.
8.1.1
Glossary
Table 8-2. Glossary Of Terms
Term
Definition
COF
Change Of Flow.
Change in the program flow due to a conditional branch, indexed jump or interrupt
BDM
Background Debug Mode
DUG
Device User Guide, describing the features of the device into which the DBG is integrated
WORD
16-bit data entity
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Table 8-2. Glossary Of Terms (continued)
Term
Definition
Data Line
64-bit data entity
CPU
CPU12X module
Tag
Tags can be attached to XGATE or CPU opcodes as they enter the instruction pipe. If the tagged opcode
reaches the execution stage a tag hit occurs.
8.1.2
Overview
The comparators monitor the bus activity of the CPU12X and XGATE. When a match occurs the control
logic can trigger the state sequencer to a new state. On a transition to the Final State, bus tracing is triggered
and/or a breakpoint can be generated.
Independent of comparator matches a transition to Final State with associated tracing and breakpoint can
be triggered by the external TAGHI and TAGLO signals, or by an XGATE module S/W breakpoint request
or by writing to the TRIG control bit.
The trace buffer is visible through a 2-byte window in the register address map and can be read out using
standard 16-bit word reads. Tracing is disabled when the MCU system is secured.
8.1.3
•
•
•
•
•
Features
Four comparators (A, B, C, and D)
— Comparators A and C compare the full address bus and full 16-bit data bus
— Comparators A and C feature a data bus mask register
— Comparators B and D compare the full address bus only
— Each comparator can be configured to monitor CPU12X or XGATE buses
— Each comparator features selection of read or write access cycles
— Comparators B and D allow selection of byte or word access cycles
— Comparisons can be used as triggers for the state sequencer
Three comparator modes
— Simple address/data comparator match mode
— Inside address range mode, Addmin ≤ Address ≤ Addmax
— Outside address range match mode, Address < Addmin or Address > Addmax
Two types of triggers
— Tagged — This triggers just before a specific instruction begins execution
— Force — This triggers on the first instruction boundary after a match occurs.
The following types of breakpoints
— CPU12X breakpoint entering BDM on breakpoint (BDM)
— CPU12X breakpoint executing SWI on breakpoint (SWI)
— XGATE breakpoint
External CPU12X instruction tagging trigger independent of comparators
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•
•
•
XGATE S/W breakpoint request trigger independent of comparators
TRIG Immediate software trigger independent of comparators
Four trace modes
— Normal: change of flow (COF) PC information is stored (see Section 8.4.5.2.1) for change of
flow definition.
— Loop1: same as Normal but inhibits consecutive duplicate source address entries
— Detail: address and data for all cycles except free cycles and opcode fetches are stored
— Pure PC: All program counter addresses are stored.
4-stage state sequencer for trace buffer control
— Tracing session trigger linked to Final State of state sequencer
— Begin, End, and Mid alignment of tracing to trigger
•
8.1.4
Modes of Operation
The S12XDBG module can be used in all MCU functional modes.
During BDM hardware accesses and whilst the BDM module is active, CPU12X monitoring is disabled.
Thus breakpoints, comparators, and CPU12X bus tracing are disabled but XGATE bus monitoring
accessing the S12XDBG registers, including comparator registers, is still possible. While in active BDM
or during hardware BDM accesses, XGATE activity can still be compared, traced and can be used to
generate a breakpoint to the XGATE module. When the CPU12X enters active BDM Mode through a
BACKGROUND command, with the S12XDBG module armed, the S12XDBG remains armed.
The S12XDBG module tracing is disabled if the MCU is secure. However, breakpoints can still be
generated if the MCU is secure.
Table 8-3. Mode Dependent Restriction Summary
BDM
Enable
BDM
Active
MCU
Secure
Comparator
Matches Enabled
Breakpoints
Possible
Tagging
Possible
Tracing
Possible
x
x
1
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
0
0
0
Yes
Only SWI
Yes
Yes
0
1
0
1
0
0
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
1
1
0
XGATE only
XGATE only
XGATE only
XGATE only
Active BDM not possible when not enabled
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Chapter 8 S12X Debug (S12XDBGV3) Module
8.1.5
Block Diagram
TAGS
TAGHITS
EXTERNAL TAGHI / TAGLO
BREAKPOINT REQUESTS
XGATE S/W BREAKPOINT REQUEST
CPU12X & XGATE
XGATE BUS
COMPARATOR A
COMPARATOR B
COMPARATOR C
COMPARATOR D
MATCH0
COMPARATOR
MATCH CONTROL
CPU12X BUS
BUS INTERFACE
SECURE
MATCH1
TAG &
TRIGGER
CONTROL
LOGIC
TRIGGER
STATE
STATE SEQUENCER
STATE
MATCH2
MATCH3
TRACE
CONTROL
TRIGGER
TRACE BUFFER
READ TRACE DATA (DBG READ DATA BUS)
Figure 8-1. Debug Module Block Diagram
8.2
External Signal Description
The S12XDBG sub-module features two external tag input signals. See Device User Guide (DUG) for the
mapping of these signals to device pins. These tag pins may be used for the external tagging in emulation
modes only.
Table 8-4. External System Pins Associated With S12XDBG
Pin Name
Pin Functions
TAGHI
(See DUG)
TAGHI
When instruction tagging is on, tags the high half of the instruction word being
read into the instruction queue.
TAGLO
(See DUG)
TAGLO
When instruction tagging is on, tags the low half of the instruction word being
read into the instruction queue.
TAGLO
(See DUG)
Unconditional
Tagging Enable
In emulation modes, a low assertion on this pin in the 7th or 8th cycle after the
end of reset enables the Unconditional Tagging function.
8.3
8.3.1
Description
Memory Map and Registers
Module Memory Map
A summary of the registers associated with the S12XDBG sub-block is shown in Table 8-2. Detailed
descriptions of the registers and bits are given in the subsections that follow.
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Address
Name
Bit 7
6
0
TRIG
5
4
XGSBPE
BDM
0
0
3
2
1
Bit 0
0x0020
DBGC1
R
W
0x0021
DBGSR
R
W
0x0022
DBGTCR
R
W
0x0023
DBGC2
R
W
0
0
0
0
0x0024
DBGTBH
R
W
Bit 15
Bit 14
Bit 13
Bit 12
Bit 11
Bit 10
Bit 9
Bit 8
0x0025
DBGTBL
R
W
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0x0026
DBGCNT
R
W
0
0x0027
DBGSCRX
0
0
0
0
SC3
SC2
SC1
SC0
0x0027
DBGMFR
R
W
R
W
0
0
0
0
MC3
MC2
MC1
MC0
NDB
TAG
BRK
RW
RWE
SRC
COMPE
SZ
TAG
BRK
RW
RWE
SRC
COMPE
Bit 22
21
20
19
18
17
Bit 16
0x00281
0x00282
DBGXCTL R
(COMPA/C) W
DBGXCTL R
(COMPB/D) W
ARM
TBF
EXTF
TSOURCE
0
SZE
0
DBGBRK
0
TRANGE
COMRV
SSF2
SSF1
SSF0
TRCMOD
TALIGN
CDCM
ABCM
CNT
0x0029
DBGXAH
R
W
0x002A
DBGXAM
R
W
Bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Bit 8
0x002B
DBGXAL
R
W
Bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
0x002C
DBGXDH
R
W
Bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Bit 8
0x002D
DBGXDL
R
W
Bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
1
Bit 0
0x002E
DBGXDHM
R
W
Bit 15
14
13
12
11
10
9
Bit 8
1
Bit 0
R
Bit 7
6
5
4
3
2
W
1 This represents the contents if the Comparator A or C control register is blended into this address.
2 This represents the contents if the Comparator B or D control register is blended into this address
0x002F
DBGXDLM
Figure 8-2. Quick Reference to S12XDBG Registers
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8.3.2
Register Descriptions
This section consists of the S12XDBG control and trace buffer register descriptions in address order. Each
comparator has a bank of registers that are visible through an 8-byte window between 0x0028 and 0x002F
in the S12XDBG module register address map. When ARM is set in DBGC1, the only bits in the
S12XDBG module registers that can be written are ARM, TRIG, and COMRV[1:0].
8.3.2.1
Debug Control Register 1 (DBGC1)
Address: 0x0020
7
R
W
Reset
6
ARM
0
0
TRIG
0
5
4
XGSBPE
BDM
0
0
3
2
1
DBGBRK
0
0
COMRV
0
0
0
Figure 8-3. Debug Control Register (DBGC1)
Read: Anytime
Write: Bits 7, 1, 0 anytime
Bit 6 can be written anytime but always reads back as 0.
Bits 5:2 anytime S12XDBG is not armed.
NOTE
If a write access to DBGC1 with the ARM bit position set occurs
simultaneously to a hardware disarm from an internal trigger event, then the
ARM bit is cleared due to the hardware disarm.
NOTE
When disarming the S12XDBG by clearing ARM with software, the
contents of bits[5:2] are not affected by the write, since up until the write
operation, ARM = 1 preventing these bits from being written. These bits
must be cleared using a second write if required.
Table 8-5. DBGC1 Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7
ARM
Arm Bit — The ARM bit controls whether the S12XDBG module is armed. This bit can be set and cleared by
user software and is automatically cleared on completion of a tracing session, or if a breakpoint is generated with
tracing not enabled. On setting this bit the state sequencer enters State1.
0 Debugger disarmed
1 Debugger armed
6
TRIG
Immediate Trigger Request Bit — This bit when written to 1 requests an immediate trigger independent of
comparator or external tag signal status. When tracing is complete a forced breakpoint may be generated
depending upon DBGBRK and BDM bit settings. This bit always reads back a 0. Writing a 0 to this bit has no
effect. If TSOURCE are clear no tracing is carried out. If tracing has already commenced using BEGIN- or MID
trigger alignment, it continues until the end of the tracing session as defined by the TALIGN bit settings, thus
TRIG has no affect. In secure mode tracing is disabled and writing to this bit has no effect.
0 Do not trigger until the state sequencer enters the Final State.
1 Trigger immediately .
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Table 8-5. DBGC1 Field Descriptions (continued)
Field
5
XGSBPE
Description
XGATE S/W Breakpoint Enable — The XGSBPE bit controls whether an XGATE S/W breakpoint request is
passed to the CPU12X. The XGATE S/W breakpoint request is handled by the S12XDBG module, which can
request an CPU12X breakpoint depending on the state of this bit.
0 XGATE S/W breakpoint request is disabled
1 XGATE S/W breakpoint request is enabled
4
BDM
Background Debug Mode Enable — This bit determines if an S12X breakpoint causes the system to enter
Background Debug Mode (BDM) or initiate a Software Interrupt (SWI). If this bit is set but the BDM is not enabled
by the ENBDM bit in the BDM module, then breakpoints default to SWI.
0 Breakpoint to Software Interrupt if BDM inactive. Otherwise no breakpoint.
1 Breakpoint to BDM, if BDM enabled. Otherwise breakpoint to SWI
3–2
DBGBRK
S12XDBG Breakpoint Enable Bits — The DBGBRK bits control whether the debugger will request a breakpoint
to either CPU12X or XGATE or both upon reaching the state sequencer Final State. If tracing is enabled, the
breakpoint is generated on completion of the tracing session. If tracing is not enabled, the breakpoint is
generated immediately. Please refer to Section 8.4.7 for further details. XGATE software breakpoints are
independent of the DBGBRK bits. XGATE software breakpoints force a breakpoint to the CPU12X independent
of the DBGBRK bit field configuration. See Table 8-6.
1–0
COMRV
Comparator Register Visibility Bits — These bits determine which bank of comparator register is visible in the
8-byte window of the S12XDBG module address map, located between 0x0028 to 0x002F. Furthermore these
bits determine which register is visible at the address 0x0027. See Table 8-7.
Table 8-6. DBGBRK Encoding
DBGBRK
Resource Halted by Breakpoint
00
No breakpoint generated
01
XGATE breakpoint generated
10
CPU12X breakpoint generated
11
Breakpoints generated for CPU12X and XGATE
Table 8-7. COMRV Encoding
COMRV
Visible Comparator
Visible Register at 0x0027
00
Comparator A
DBGSCR1
01
Comparator B
DBGSCR2
10
Comparator C
DBGSCR3
11
Comparator D
DBGMFR
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8.3.2.2
Debug Status Register (DBGSR)
Address: 0x0021
R
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
TBF
EXTF
0
0
0
SSF2
SSF1
SSF0
—
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
Reset
POR
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-4. Debug Status Register (DBGSR)
Read: Anytime
Write: Never
Table 8-8. DBGSR Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7
TBF
Trace Buffer Full — The TBF bit indicates that the trace buffer has stored 64 or more lines of data since it was
last armed. If this bit is set, then all 64 lines will be valid data, regardless of the value of DBGCNT bits CNT[6:0].
The TBF bit is cleared when ARM in DBGC1 is written to a one. The TBF is cleared by the power on reset
initialization. Other system generated resets have no affect on this bit.
6
EXTF
External Tag Hit Flag — The EXTF bit indicates if a tag hit condition from an external TAGHI/TAGLO tag was
met since arming. This bit is cleared when ARM in DBGC1 is written to a one.
0 External tag hit has not occurred
1 External tag hit has occurred
2–0
SSF[2:0]
State Sequencer Flag Bits — The SSF bits indicate in which state the State Sequencer is currently in. During
a debug session on each transition to a new state these bits are updated. If the debug session is ended by
software clearing the ARM bit, then these bits retain their value to reflect the last state of the state sequencer
before disarming. If a debug session is ended by an internal trigger, then the state sequencer returns to state0
and these bits are cleared to indicate that state0 was entered during the session. On arming the module the state
sequencer enters state1 and these bits are forced to SSF[2:0] = 001. See Table 8-9.
Table 8-9. SSF[2:0] — State Sequence Flag Bit Encoding
SSF[2:0]
Current State
000
State0 (disarmed)
001
State1
010
State2
011
State3
100
Final State
101,110,111
Reserved
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8.3.2.3
Debug Trace Control Register (DBGTCR)
Address: 0x0022
7
6
R
TSOURCE
W
Reset
5
0
4
3
TRANGE
0
0
2
1
TRCMOD
0
0
0
TALIGN
0
0
0
Figure 8-5. Debug Trace Control Register (DBGTCR)
Read: Anytime
Write: Bits 7:6 only when S12XDBG is neither secure nor armed.
Bits 5:0 anytime the module is disarmed.
Table 8-10. DBGTCR Field Descriptions
Field
7–6
TSOURCE
Description
Trace Source Control Bits — The TSOURCE bits select the data source for the tracing session. If the MCU
system is secured, these bits cannot be set and tracing is inhibited. See Table 8-11.
5–4
TRANGE
Trace Range Bits — The TRANGE bits allow filtering of trace information from a selected address range when
tracing from the CPU12X in Detail Mode. The XGATE tracing range cannot be narrowed using these bits. To use
a comparator for range filtering, the corresponding COMPE and SRC bits must remain cleared. If the COMPE
bit is not clear then the comparator will also be used to generate state sequence triggers. If the corresponding
SRC bit is set the comparator is mapped to the XGATE buses, the TRANGE bits have no effect on the valid
address range, memory accesses within the whole memory map are traced. See Table 8-12.
3–2
TRCMOD
Trace Mode Bits — See Section 8.4.5.2 for detailed Trace Mode descriptions. In Normal Mode, change of flow
information is stored. In Loop1 Mode, change of flow information is stored but redundant entries into trace
memory are inhibited. In Detail Mode, address and data for all memory and register accesses is stored. See
Table 8-13.
1–0
TALIGN
Trigger Align Bits — These bits control whether the trigger is aligned to the beginning, end or the middle of a
tracing session. See Table 8-14.
Table 8-11. TSOURCE — Trace Source Bit Encoding
TSOURCE
Tracing Source
00
No tracing requested
01
CPU12X
(1)
10
XGATE
1,(2)
Both CPU12X and XGATE
11
1. No range limitations are allowed. Thus tracing operates as if TRANGE = 00.
2. No Detail Mode tracing supported. If TRCMOD = 10, no information is stored.
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Table 8-12. TRANGE Trace Range Encoding
TRANGE
Tracing Range
00
Trace from all addresses (No filter)
01
Trace only in address range from $00000 to Comparator D
10
Trace only in address range from Comparator C to $7FFFFF
11
Trace only in range from Comparator C to Comparator D
Table 8-13. TRCMOD Trace Mode Bit Encoding
TRCMOD
Description
00
Normal
01
Loop1
10
Detail
11
Pure PC
Table 8-14. TALIGN Trace Alignment Encoding
8.3.2.4
TALIGN
Description
00
Trigger at end of stored data
01
Trigger before storing data
10
Trace buffer entries before and after trigger
11
Reserved
Debug Control Register2 (DBGC2)
Address: 0x0023
R
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
1
CDCM
W
Reset
2
0
0
ABCM
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-6. Debug Control Register2 (DBGC2)
Read: Anytime
Write: Anytime the module is disarmed.
This register configures the comparators for range matching.
Table 8-15. DBGC2 Field Descriptions
Field
Description
3–2
CDCM[1:0]
C and D Comparator Match Control — These bits determine the C and D comparator match mapping as
described in Table 8-16.
1–0
ABCM[1:0]
A and B Comparator Match Control — These bits determine the A and B comparator match mapping as
described in Table 8-17.
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Table 8-16. CDCM Encoding
CDCM
Description
00
Match2 mapped to comparator C match....... Match3 mapped to comparator D match.
01
Match2 mapped to comparator C/D inside range....... Match3 disabled.
10
Match2 mapped to comparator C/D outside range....... Match3 disabled.
11
Reserved(1)
1. Currently defaults to Match2 mapped to comparator C : Match3 mapped to comparator D
Table 8-17. ABCM Encoding
ABCM
Description
00
Match0 mapped to comparator A match....... Match1 mapped to comparator B match.
01
Match 0 mapped to comparator A/B inside range....... Match1 disabled.
10
Match 0 mapped to comparator A/B outside range....... Match1 disabled.
11
Reserved(1)
1. Currently defaults to Match0 mapped to comparator A : Match1 mapped to comparator B
8.3.2.5
Debug Trace Buffer Register (DBGTBH:DBGTBL)
Address: 0x0024, 0x0025
15
R
W
14
13
12
11
10
9
Bit 15 Bit 14 Bit 13 Bit 12 Bit 11 Bit 10 Bit 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit 8
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
POR
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Other
Resets
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Figure 8-7. Debug Trace Buffer Register (DBGTB)
Read: Only when unlocked AND not secured AND not armed AND with a TSOURCE bit set.
Write: Aligned word writes when disarmed unlock the trace buffer for reading but do not affect trace buffer
contents.
Table 8-18. DBGTB Field Descriptions
Field
Description
15–0
Bit[15:0]
Trace Buffer Data Bits — The Trace Buffer Register is a window through which the 64-bit wide data lines of the
Trace Buffer may be read 16 bits at a time. Each valid read of DBGTB increments an internal trace buffer pointer
which points to the next address to be read. When the ARM bit is written to 1 the trace buffer is locked to prevent
reading. The trace buffer can only be unlocked for reading by writing to DBGTB with an aligned word write when
the module is disarmed. The DBGTB register can be read only as an aligned word, any byte reads or misaligned
access of these registers will return 0 and will not cause the trace buffer pointer to increment to the next trace
buffer address. The same is true for word reads while the debugger is armed. The POR state is undefined Other
resets do not affect the trace buffer contents. .
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8.3.2.6
Debug Count Register (DBGCNT)
Address: 0x0026
7
R
6
5
4
0
3
2
1
0
—
0
—
0
—
0
CNT
W
Reset
POR
0
0
—
0
—
0
—
0
—
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-8. Debug Count Register (DBGCNT)
Read: Anytime
Write: Never
Table 8-19. DBGCNT Field Descriptions
Field
Description
6–0
CNT[6:0]
Count Value — The CNT bits [6:0] indicate the number of valid data 64-bit data lines stored in the Trace Buffer.
Table 8-20 shows the correlation between the CNT bits and the number of valid data lines in the Trace Buffer.
When the CNT rolls over to zero, the TBF bit in DBGSR is set and incrementing of CNT will continue in endtrigger or mid-trigger mode. The DBGCNT register is cleared when ARM in DBGC1 is written to a one. The
DBGCNT register is cleared by power-on-reset initialization but is not cleared by other system resets. Thus
should a reset occur during a debug session, the DBGCNT register still indicates after the reset, the number of
valid trace buffer entries stored before the reset occurred. The DBGCNT register is not decremented when
reading from the trace buffer.
Table 8-20. CNT Decoding Table
TBF (DBGSR)
CNT[6:0]
Description
0
0000000
No data valid
0
0000001
32 bits of one line valid(1)
0
0000010
0000100
0000110
..
1111100
1 line valid
2 lines valid
3 lines valid
..
62 lines valid
0
1111110
63 lines valid
1
0000000
64 lines valid; if using Begin trigger alignment,
ARM bit will be cleared and the tracing session ends.
64 lines valid,
0000010
oldest data has been overwritten by most recent data
..
..
1111110
1. This applies to Normal/Loop1/PurePC Modes when tracing from either CPU12X or XGATE only.
1
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Chapter 8 S12X Debug (S12XDBGV3) Module
8.3.2.7
Debug State Control Registers
There is a dedicated control register for each of the state sequencer states 1 to 3 that determines if
transitions from that state are allowed, depending upon comparator matches or tag hits, and defines the
next state for the state sequencer following a match. The three debug state control registers are located at
the same address in the register address map (0x0027). Each register can be accessed using the COMRV
bits in DBGC1 to blend in the required register. The COMRV = 11 value blends in the match flag register
(DBGMFR).
Table 8-21. State Control Register Access Encoding
8.3.2.7.1
COMRV
Visible State Control Register
00
DBGSCR1
01
DBGSCR2
10
DBGSCR3
11
DBGMFR
Debug State Control Register 1 (DBGSCR1)
Address: 0x0027
R
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
Reset
3
2
1
0
SC3
SC2
SC1
SC0
0
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-9. Debug State Control Register 1 (DBGSCR1)
Read: If COMRV[1:0] = 00
Write: If COMRV[1:0] = 00 and S12XDBG is not armed.
This register is visible at 0x0027 only with COMRV[1:0] = 00. The state control register 1 selects the
targeted next state whilst in State1. The matches refer to the match channels of the comparator match
control logic as depicted in Figure 8-1 and described in Section 8.3.2.8.1. Comparators must be enabled
by setting the comparator enable bit in the associated DBGXCTL control register.
Table 8-22. DBGSCR1 Field Descriptions
Field
3–0
SC[3:0]
Description
These bits select the targeted next state whilst in State1, based upon the match event.
Table 8-23. State1 Sequencer Next State Selection
SC[3:0]
0000
0001
0010
Description
Any match triggers to state2
Any match triggers to state3
Any match triggers to Final State
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Table 8-23. State1 Sequencer Next State Selection (continued)
SC[3:0]
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Description
Match2 triggers to State2....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match0 triggers to State2....... Match1 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State3....... Match0 triggers Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match0 triggers to State2....... Match2 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to State3....... Match0 triggers Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State2....... Match3 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 triggers to State3....... Match1 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 has no effect....... All other matches (M0,M1,M2) trigger to State2
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
The trigger priorities described in Table 8-42 dictate that in the case of simultaneous matches, the match
on the lower channel number (0,1,2,3) has priority. The SC[3:0] encoding ensures that a match leading to
final state has priority over all other matches.
8.3.2.7.2
Debug State Control Register 2 (DBGSCR2)
Address: 0x0027
R
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
Reset
0
3
2
1
0
SC3
SC2
SC1
SC0
0
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-10. Debug State Control Register 2 (DBGSCR2)
Read: If COMRV[1:0] = 01
Write: If COMRV[1:0] = 01 and S12XDBG is not armed.
This register is visible at 0x0027 only with COMRV[1:0] = 01. The state control register 2 selects the
targeted next state whilst in State2. The matches refer to the match channels of the comparator match
control logic as depicted in Figure 8-1 and described in Section 8.3.2.8.1. Comparators must be enabled
by setting the comparator enable bit in the associated DBGXCTL control register.
Table 8-24. DBGSCR2 Field Descriptions
Field
3–0
SC[3:0]
Description
These bits select the targeted next state whilst in State2, based upon the match event.
Table 8-25. State2 —Sequencer Next State Selection
SC[3:0]
0000
Description
Any match triggers to state1
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Table 8-25. State2 —Sequencer Next State Selection (continued)
SC[3:0]
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Description
Any match triggers to state3
Any match triggers to Final State
Match3 triggers to State1....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match0 triggers to State1....... Match1 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State3....... Match0 triggers Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match0 triggers to State1....... Match2 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to State3....... Match0 triggers Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State1....... Match3 triggers to State3....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 triggers to State3....... Match1 triggers Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to State1..... Match3 trigger to Final State
Match2 has no affect, all other matches (M0,M1,M3) trigger to Final State
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
The trigger priorities described in Table 8-42 dictate that in the case of simultaneous matches, the match
on the lower channel number (0,1,2,3) has priority. The SC[3:0] encoding ensures that a match leading to
final state has priority over all other matches.
8.3.2.7.3
Debug State Control Register 3 (DBGSCR3)
Address: 0x0027
R
7
6
5
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
Reset
0
3
2
1
0
SC3
SC2
SC1
SC0
0
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-11. Debug State Control Register 3 (DBGSCR3)
Read: If COMRV[1:0] = 10
Write: If COMRV[1:0] = 10 and S12XDBG is not armed.
This register is visible at 0x0027 only with COMRV[1:0] = 10. The state control register three selects the
targeted next state whilst in State3. The matches refer to the match channels of the comparator match
control logic as depicted in Figure 8-1 and described in Section 8.3.2.8.1. Comparators must be enabled
by setting the comparator enable bit in the associated DBGXCTL control register.
Table 8-26. DBGSCR3 Field Descriptions
Field
3–0
SC[3:0]
Description
These bits select the targeted next state whilst in State3, based upon the match event.
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Table 8-27. State3 — Sequencer Next State Selection
SC[3:0]
0000
0001
0010
0011
0100
0101
0110
0111
1000
1001
1010
1011
1100
1101
1110
1111
Description
Any match triggers to state1
Any match triggers to state2
Any match triggers to Final State
Match0 triggers to State1....... Other matches have no effect
Match0 triggers to State2....... Other matches have no effect
Match0 triggers to Final State.......Match1 triggers to State1...Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State1....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State2....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to State2....... Match0 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match1 triggers to State1....... Match3 triggers to State2....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 triggers to State2....... Match1 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match2 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Match3 triggers to Final State....... Other matches have no effect
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
Reserved. (No match triggers state sequencer transition)
The trigger priorities described in Table 8-42 dictate that in the case of simultaneous matches, the match
on the lower channel number (0,1,2,3) has priority. The SC[3:0] encoding ensures that a match leading to
final state has priority over all other matches.
8.3.2.7.4
Debug Match Flag Register (DBGMFR)
Address: 0x0027
R
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
0
0
0
MC3
MC2
MC1
MC0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
W
Reset
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-12. Debug Match Flag Register (DBGMFR)
Read: If COMRV[1:0] = 11
Write: Never
DBGMFR is visible at 0x0027 only with COMRV[1:0] = 11. It features four flag bits each mapped directly
to a channel. Should a match occur on the channel during the debug session, then the corresponding flag
is set and remains set until the next time the module is armed by writing to the ARM bit. Thus the contents
are retained after a debug session for evaluation purposes. These flags cannot be cleared by software, they
are cleared only when arming the module. A set flag does not inhibit the setting of other flags. Once a flag
is set, further triggers on the same channel have no affect.
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Chapter 8 S12X Debug (S12XDBGV3) Module
8.3.2.8
Comparator Register Descriptions
Each comparator has a bank of registers that are visible through an 8-byte window in the S12XDBG
module register address map. Comparators A and C consist of 8 register bytes (3 address bus compare
registers, two data bus compare registers, two data bus mask registers and a control register).
Comparators B and D consist of four register bytes (three address bus compare registers and a control
register).
Each set of comparator registers is accessible in the same 8-byte window of the register address map and
can be accessed using the COMRV bits in the DBGC1 register. If the Comparators B or D are accessed
through the 8-byte window, then only the address and control bytes are visible, the 4 bytes associated with
data bus and data bus masking read as zero and cannot be written. Furthermore the control registers for
comparators B and D differ from those of comparators A and C.
Table 8-28. Comparator Register Layout
0x0028
CONTROL
Read/Write
Comparators A,B,C,D
0x0029
ADDRESS HIGH
Read/Write
Comparators A,B,C,D
0x002A
ADDRESS MEDIUM
Read/Write
Comparators A,B,C,D
0x002B
ADDRESS LOW
Read/Write
Comparators A,B,C,D
0x002C
DATA HIGH COMPARATOR
Read/Write
Comparator A and C only
0x002D
DATA LOW COMPARATOR
Read/Write
Comparator A and C only
0x002E
DATA HIGH MASK
Read/Write
Comparator A and C only
0x002F
DATA LOW MASK
Read/Write
Comparator A and C only
8.3.2.8.1
Debug Comparator Control Register (DBGXCTL)
The contents of this register bits 7 and 6 differ depending upon which comparator registers are visible in
the 8-byte window of the DBG module register address map.
Address: 0x0028
7
R
0
W
Reset
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
NDB
TAG
BRK
RW
RWE
SRC
COMPE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-13. Debug Comparator Control Register (Comparators A and C)
Address: 0x0028
R
W
Reset
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
SZE
SZ
TAG
BRK
RW
RWE
SRC
COMPE
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Figure 8-14. Debug Comparator Control Register (Comparators B and D)
Read: Anytime. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
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Write: If DBG not armed. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
The DBGC1_COMRV bits determine which comparator control, address, data and datamask registers are
visible in the 8-byte window from 0x0028 to 0x002F as shown in Section Table 8-29.
Table 8-29. Comparator Address Register Visibility
COMRV
Visible Comparator
00
DBGACTL, DBGAAH ,DBGAAM, DBGAAL, DBGADH, DBGADL, DBGADHM, DBGADLM
01
DBGBCTL, DBGBAH, DBGBAM, DBGBAL
10
DBGCCTL, DBGCAH, DBGCAM, DBGCAL, DBGCDH, DBGCDL, DBGCDHM, DBGCDLM
11
DBGDCTL, DBGDAH, DBGDAM, DBGDAL
Table 8-30. DBGXCTL Field Descriptions
Field
Description
7
SZE
(Comparators
B and D)
Size Comparator Enable Bit — The SZE bit controls whether access size comparison is enabled for the
associated comparator. This bit is ignored if the TAG bit in the same register is set.
0 Word/Byte access size is not used in comparison
1 Word/Byte access size is used in comparison
6
NDB
(Comparators
A and C
Not Data Bus — The NDB bit controls whether the match occurs when the data bus matches the comparator
register value or when the data bus differs from the register value. Furthermore data bus bits can be
individually masked using the comparator data mask registers. This bit is only available for comparators A
and C. This bit is ignored if the TAG bit in the same register is set. This bit position has an SZ functionality for
comparators B and D.
0 Match on data bus equivalence to comparator register contents
1 Match on data bus difference to comparator register contents
6
SZ
(Comparators
B and D)
Size Comparator Value Bit — The SZ bit selects either word or byte access size in comparison for the
associated comparator. This bit is ignored if the SZE bit is cleared or if the TAG bit in the same register is set.
This bit position has NDB functionality for comparators A and C
0 Word access size will be compared
1 Byte access size will be compared
5
TAG
Tag Select — This bit controls whether the comparator match will cause a trigger or tag the opcode at the
matched address. Tagged opcodes trigger only if they reach the execution stage of the instruction queue.
0 Trigger immediately on match
1 On match, tag the opcode. If the opcode is about to be executed a trigger is generated
4
BRK
Break — This bit controls whether a channel match terminates a debug session immediately, independent
of state sequencer state. To generate an immediate breakpoint the module breakpoints must be enabled
using DBGBRK.
0 The debug session termination is dependent upon the state sequencer and trigger conditions.
1 A match on this channel terminates the debug session immediately; breakpoints if active are generated,
tracing, if active, is terminated and the module disarmed.
3
RW
Read/Write Comparator Value Bit — The RW bit controls whether read or write is used in compare for the
associated comparator . The RW bit is not used if RWE = 0.
0 Write cycle will be matched
1 Read cycle will be matched
2
RWE
Read/Write Enable Bit — The RWE bit controls whether read or write comparison is enabled for the
associated comparator. This bit is not used for tagged operations.
0 Read/Write is not used in comparison
1 Read/Write is used in comparison
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Table 8-30. DBGXCTL Field Descriptions (continued)
Field
Description
1
SRC
Determines mapping of comparator to CPU12X or XGATE
0 The comparator is mapped to CPU12X buses
1 The comparator is mapped to XGATE address and data buses
0
COMPE
Determines if comparator is enabled
0 The comparator is not enabled
1 The comparator is enabled for state sequence triggers or tag generation
Table 8-31 shows the effect for RWE and RW on the comparison conditions. These bits are not useful for
tagged operations since the trigger occurs based on the tagged opcode reaching the execution stage of the
instruction queue. Thus these bits are ignored if tagged triggering is selected.
Table 8-31. Read or Write Comparison Logic Table
8.3.2.8.2
RWE Bit
RW Bit
RW Signal
Comment
0
x
0
RW not used in comparison
0
x
1
RW not used in comparison
1
0
0
Write
1
0
1
No match
1
1
0
No match
1
1
1
Read
Debug Comparator Address High Register (DBGXAH)
Address: 0x0029
7
R
0
W
Reset
0
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit 22
Bit 21
Bit 20
Bit 19
Bit 18
Bit 17
Bit 16
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
= Unimplemented or Reserved
Figure 8-15. Debug Comparator Address High Register (DBGXAH)
Read: Anytime. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
Write: If DBG not armed. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
Table 8-32. DBGXAH Field Descriptions
Field
Description
6–0
Bit[22:16]
Comparator Address High Compare Bits — The Comparator address high compare bits control whether the
selected comparator will compare the address bus bits [22:16] to a logic one or logic zero. This register byte is
ignored for XGATE compares.
0 Compare corresponding address bit to a logic zero
1 Compare corresponding address bit to a logic one
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8.3.2.8.3
Debug Comparator Address Mid Register (DBGXAM)
Address: 0x002A
R
W
Reset
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit 15
Bit 14
Bit 13
Bit 12
Bit 11
Bit 10
Bit 9
Bit 8
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Figure 8-16. Debug Comparator Address Mid Register (DBGXAM)
Read: Anytime. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
Write: If DBG not armed. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
Table 8-33. DBGXAM Field Descriptions
Field
7–0
Bit[15:8]
Description
Comparator Address Mid Compare Bits— The Comparator address mid compare bits control whether the
selected comparator will compare the address bus bits [15:8] to a logic one or logic zero.
0 Compare corresponding address bit to a logic zero
1 Compare corresponding address bit to a logic one
8.3.2.8.4
Debug Comparator Address Low Register (DBGXAL)
Address: 0x002B
R
W
Reset
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Figure 8-17. Debug Comparator Address Low Register (DBGXAL)
Read: Anytime. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
Write: If DBG not armed. See Table 8-29 for visible register encoding.
Table 8-34. DBGXAL Field Descriptions
Field
7–0
Bits[7:0]
Description
Comparator Address Low Compare Bits — The Comparator address low compare bits control whether the
selected comparator will compare the address bus bits [7:0] to a logic one or logic zero.
0 Compare corresponding address bit to a logic zero
1 Compare corresponding address bit to a logic one
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