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MPC823TS/D
6/99
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™
Technical Summary
MPC823 Mobile Computing Microprocessor
The MPC823 Rev. B microprocessor is a versatile, one-chip integrated microprocessor and
peripheral combination that can be used in a variety of electronic products. It particularly excels in
low-power, portable, image capture and personal communication products. It has a universal serial
bus (USB) interface and video display controller, as well as the existing LCD controller of the
MPC821 device.
The MPC823 microprocessor integrates a high-performance embedded PowerPC™ core with a
communication processor module that uses a specialized RISC processor for imaging and
communication. The communication processor module can perform embedded signal processing
functions for image compression and decompression. It also supports seven serial channels—two
serial communication controllers, two serial management controllers, one I2C® port, one USB
channel, and one serial peripheral interface.
This two-processor architecture consumes power more efficiently than traditional architectures
because the communication processor module frees the core from peripheral tasks like imaging and
communication.
This document contains information on a new product under development by Motorola. Motorola reserves the right to
change or discontinue this product without notice.
© Motorola, Inc., 1999. All rights reserved.
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Key Features
The following list summarizes key features of the MPC823:
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Embedded PowerPC Core Provides 99MIPS (Using Dhrystone 2.1) or
172K Dhrystones 2.1 at 75MHz
— Single-Issue, 32-Bit Version of the PowerPC Core (Fully Compatible with the PowerPC
Architecture Definition) with 32 x 32-Bit Fixed-Point Registers
— Low Power Consumption, 3.3V I/O Boundary with Microprocessor Core, Caches,
Memory Management, and I/O in Operation
— Performs Branch Folding, Branch Prediction with Conditional Prefetch, without
Conditional Execution
— 1K Data Cache and 2K Instruction Cache
— Instruction Cache is Two-Way, Set Associative and the Data Cache is Two-Way,
Set-Associative, Physical Address, 4-Word Line Burst, LRU Replacement Algorithm,
Lockable Online Granularity
— Memory Management Units with 8-Entry Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) and
Fully Associative Instruction and Data TLBs
— Memory Management Units Support Multiple Page Sizes of 4K, 16K, 512K and 8M
(1K Protection Granularity at the 4K Page Size); 16 Virtual Address Spaces and
16 Protection Groups
Advanced On-Chip Debug Mode
Data Bus Dynamic Bus Sizing for 8-,16-, and 32-Bit Buses
— Supports Traditional 68K Big-Endian, Traditional x86 Little-Endian, and PowerPC
Little-Endian Memory Systems
— Twenty-Six External Address Lines
Completely Static Design (0–75MHz Operation)
— External Bus Division Factor (EBDF) Should be Divided by 2 for Frequencies Greater
Than 50MHz
Communication Processor Module
— Interfaces to PowerPC Core Through On-Chip Dual-Access RAM and Virtual (Serial)
DMA Channels on a Dedicated DMA Accelerator
— Programmable Memory-to-Memory and Memory-to-I/O (Including Flyby) DMA
Provided by Virtual DMA Support
— CPM Provides 75+MIPS @ 75MHz in Parallel with PowerPC Core
— Protocols Supported by ROM or Download Microcode and the Hardware Serial
Communication Controllers Include, but are not Limited to, the Digital Portions of:
– Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 (CS/CDMA)
– HDLC/SDLC and HDLC Bus
– AppleTalk®
– Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART)
– Synchronous UART (USART)
– Totally Transparent Mode with/without CRC
– Asynchronous HDLC
– IrDA Version 1.1 Serial Infrared (SCC2 only)
– Basic Rate ISDN (BRI) in Conjunction with Serial Management
Controller Channels
– Primary Rate ISDN
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•
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•
•
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— 16 x 16-Bit Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) Hardware
– One Operation Per Clock
– Two Clock Latency and One Clock Blockage
– Operates Concurrently with Other Instructions
– Uses DMA Controller to Burst Data Directly into Register File without Interacting
with the PowerPC Core
— 8K Dual-Port RAM
— Twelve Serial DMA (SDMA) Channels
— 32-Bit, Harvard Architecture, Scalar RISC Microcontroller
— Communication-Specific Commands
— Supports Continuous-Mode Transmission and Reception on All Serial Channels
— Each Serial Channel has Externally Accessible Pins
Four Baud Rate Generators
— Independent and Can Be Connected to a Serial Communication Controller or Serial
Management Controller
— Allows Changes During Operation
— Autobaud Support Option
Two Serial Communication Controllers (SCCs)
— Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 Support (10Mbps and Full-Duplex Operation)
— GeoPort Support
— HDLC Bus Implements an HDLC-Based Local Area Network
— Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter
— Synchronous UART
— Serial Infrared (IrDA) Supporting a Maximum of 4Mbps (SCC2 only)
— Totally Transparent. Frame Based with Optional Cyclical Redundancy Check
— Maximum Serial Data Rate of 35Mbps
One Dedicated High-Speed Serial Channel for the Universal Serial Bus (USB)
— Supports USB Host/Slave Modes At a Maximum of 12Mbps With Four USB Endpoints
Two Serial Management Controllers (SMCs) with Externally Accessible Pins
— UART
— Transparent
— General Circuit Interface (GCI) Controller
— Can Be Connected to the Time-Division Multiplexed (TDM) Channel
One Serial Peripheral Interface
— Supports Master and Slave Modes
— Supports Multimaster Operation on the Same Bus
One I2C Port
— Supports Master and Slave Modes
— Supports Multimaster Environments
— Supports High-Speed Operation
— Supports 7-Bit Addressing
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•
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Serial Interface with the Time-Slot Assigner
— Allows Serial Communication Controllers and Serial Management Controllers To Be
Used in Multiplexed and/or Nonmultiplexed Operation
— Supports T1, CEPT, PCM Highway, ISDN Basic Rate, ISDN Primary Rate,
User-Defined
— 1- or 8-Bit Resolution
— Allows Independent Transmit and Receive Routing, Frame Syncs, and Clocking
— Allows Dynamic Changes
— Can Be Internally Connected to Four Serial Channels
General-Purpose Timers
— Four 16-Bit Timers or Two 32-Bit Timers
— Gate Mode Can Enable/Disable Counting
— Interrupt Can Be Masked on Reference Match and Event Capture
Interrupts
— Seven External Interrupt Request (IRQ) Lines
— One Nonmaskable Interrupt
— Twelve Port Pins with Interrupt Capability
— Ten Internal Interrupt Sources
— Programmable Highest Priority Request
Memory Controller (Eight Banks)
— Can be Programmed to Support Almost any Memory Interface
— Each Bank Can Be a Chip-Select or RAS to Support a DRAM Bank
— A Maximum of 30 Wait States per Memory Bank Can Be Programmed
— Glueless Interface to DRAM Single In-Line Memory Modules, Static RAM,
Electrically Programmable Read-Only Memory, Flash EPROM, or Synchronous
DRAM
— Four CAS Lines, Four WE Lines, and One OE Line
— Boot Chip-Select Available at Reset (Options for 8-, 16-, or 32-Bit Memory)
— Variable Block Sizes—32K to 256M
— Selectable Write Protection
— On-Chip Bus Arbitration Supports External Bus Master
— Special Features for Burst Mode Support
System Integration Unit
— Hardware Bus Monitor
— Spurious Interrupt Monitor
— Software Watchdog Timer
— Periodic Interrupt Timer
— Low-Power Stop Mode
— Clock Synthesizer
— PowerPC Decrementer and Timebase
— Real-Time Clock
— Reset Controller
— IEEE 1149.1 Test Access Port (JTAG)
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•
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Video/LCD Controller
— Video Controller
– Supports Digital NTSC/PAL Video Encoders and Digital TFT
– Sequential RGB, 4:4:4, and 4:2:2 YCrCb (CCIR 601) Digital Component
Video Formats
– CCIR-656 Compatible 8-Bit Interface Port
– Horizontal Sync, Vertical Sync, Field and Blanking Timing
– Generation with Half-Clock Resolution and Programmable Polarity
– Supports Interlace/Noninterlace Scanning Methods
– Programmable Display Active Area
– Programmable Background Color for Inactive Area
– Glueless Interface for Most Digital Video Encoders
– Hardware Horizontal Scrolling
– Uses Burst Read DMA Cycles for Maximum Bus Performance
– Panel Voltage Control Adjustments for Contrast Set with On-Chip Timers
– End-of-Frame Interrupt Generation
— LCD Controller
– Supports Digital TFT and Passive LCD Panels
– Horizontal Sync, Vertical Sync, Field and Blanking Timing
– Generation with Half-Clock Resolution and Programmable Polarity
– 1-, 2-, or 4-Bit Per Pixel Grayscale Mode Using Advanced Frame Rate Control
Algorithm
– Four or Eight Bits Per Pixel Color Mode
– 4-, 8-, 9-, or 12-Bit Parallel Output to LCD Displays
– Programmable Display Active Area
– Non-Split or Vertically-Split Screen Support
– Uses Burst Read DMA Cycles for Maximum Bus Performance
– End of Frame Interrupt Generation
– Data for Splits—2+2 or 4+4 Parallel Bits (x+x Refers to x Bits Each for Lower and
Upper Screens in Parallel)
– Built-In Color RAM with 256 12-Bit Entries
– Programmable Wait Time Between Lines and Frames
– Panel Voltage Control Adjustments for Contrast Set with On-Chip Timers
– Programmable Polarity for All LCD Interface Signals
Single-Socket PCMCIA-ATA Interface
— Master Interface, Release 2.1 Compliant
— Single PCMCIA Socket
— Eight Memory or I/O Windows Available
— Eight General-Purpose I/O Pins and Two General-Purpose Output-Only Pins are
Available When the PCMCIA Controller Is Not in Operation
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•
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Low-Power Support Modes
— Normal High–All Units Are Fully Powered at High Clock Frequency
— Normal Low–All Units Are Fully Powered at Low Clock Frequency
— Doze–Core Functional Units Are Disabled, Except Timebase, Decrementer, PLL,
Memory Controller, Real-Time Clock, LCD, and Communication Processor Module.
— Sleep–All Units Are Disabled, Except Real-Time Clock, Periodic Interrupt Timer,
Timebase, and Decrementer. PLL Is Active for Fast Wake-Up.
— Deep Sleep–All Units Are Disabled Including PLL, But Not the Real-Time Clock and
Periodic Interrupt Timer, Timebase, and Decrementer.
— Power-Down—All Units Are Disabled Including PLL, But Not the Real-Time Clock
and Periodic Interrupt Timer, Timebase, and Decrementer. Saves More Power Than
Other Modes. The State of Certain Registers May Be Preserved.
— Can Be Dynamically Shifted Between High-Frequency and Low-Frequency Operation
Development Capabilities and Interface
— Program Flow Tracking
– Instruction Show Cycle
– Data Show Cycle
– Branching
– Exception Traps
— Watchpoints and Breakpoints
– Four Hardware Breakpoints
– Five Watchpoint Sources
— Simple Hardware Interface
– High-Speed Data Transfer
– Internal Status Pins
– Freeze Indication
— Rich Control Register Set
3.3V Operation with 5V TTL Compatibility for the General-Purpose I/O Port Pins and
3.3V for All Others
256-Pin Plastic Ball Grid Array (BGA) Packaging
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Architecture
The MPC823 microprocessor uses a dual-processor architecture design approach with data and
instruction caches to provide high-performance using a general-purpose RISC integer processor
and a special-purpose 32-bit scalar RISC communication processor module. The peripherals are
uniquely designed for communication requirements and can provide embedded signal processing
functions for communication and user interface enhancements and the I/O support needed for
high-speed digital communication.
The MPC823 is comprised of four main modules that interface with the 32-bit internal bus:
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The embedded PowerPC core
The system interface unit
The communication processor module
LCD controller
2K
INSTRUCTION
CACHE
INSTRUCTION
BUS
SYSTEMINTERFACEUNIT
INSTRUCTION
MMU
MEMORYCONTROLLER
POWERPC
CORE
INTERNAL
BIU
LOAD/STORE
BUS
FOUR
TIMERS
TIMER
BAUDRATE
GENERATORS
SYSTEMFUNCTIONS
1K
DATACACHE
REAL-TIMECLOCK
DATA
MMU
INTERRUPT
CONTROLLER
PCMCIAINTERFACE
8K
DUAL-PORT
RAM
SCC2
LCDANDVIDEO
CONTROLLERS
MAC
SCC3
TIMESLOTASSIGNERS
MOTOROLA
VIRTUALSERIAL
AND
INDEPENDENT
DMACHANNELS
32-BITRISCMICROCONTROLLER
ANDPROGRAMROM
GENERAL
PURPOSE I/O
USB
EXTERNAL
BIU
SPI
I2C
SMC1
SMC2
SERIALINTERFACE
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Embedded PowerPC Core
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The PowerPC core complies with standard PowerPC architecture. It has a fully static design that
consists of an integer block, hardware multiplier/divider block and load/store block. The core
supports integer operations on a 32-bit internal data path and 32-bit arithmetic hardware. Its
interface to the internal and external buses is 32 bits. The core uses a two-instruction load/store
queue, four-instruction prefetch queue, and a six-instruction history buffer. It performs branch
folding and branch prediction with conditional prefetch, but without conditional execution. With
single bus cycles, the core can operate on 32-bit external operands and with critical-word-first in
multiple bus cycles. The PowerPC integer block supports 32 x 32-bit fixed-point general-purpose
registers and can execute one integer instruction per clock cycle.
The PowerPC core is integrated with the memory management units, an instruction cache, and a
data cache. The memory management units provide 8-entry, fully associative instruction and data
TLBs, with multiple page sizes of 4K (1K protection), 16K, 512K, and 8M. They support 16 virtual
address spaces and 16 protection groups. Special registers are available to support software
tablewalk and update.
The instruction cache is 2K, two-way, set-associative with physical addressing. It allows
single-cycle accesses on hit with no added latency for miss. It is four words per line and supports
burst line fill using an LRU replacement algorithm. The cache can be locked on a line basis for
application critical routines. The data cache is 1K, two-way, set-associative with physical
addressing. It allows single-cycle accesses on hit with one added clock latency for miss. It has four
words per line and supports burst line fill using an LRU replacement algorithm. The cache can be
locked on a line basis for application critical data and can be programmed to support copyback or
writethrough mode via the memory management unit. The cache-inhibit mode can be programmed
per MMU page. The PowerPC core, with its instruction and data caches, can deliver approximately
99MIPS at 75MHz (using Dhrystone 2.1) or 172K Dhrystones, based on the assumption that it is
issuing one instruction per cycle with a cache hit rate of 94%.
Communication Processor Module
The communication processor module contains features that allow the MPC823 microprocessor to
excel in imaging, personal communication, and low-power applications. These features are divided
into three categories:
•
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DSP processing
Communication processing
Twelve serial DMA channels and two independent DMA channels
The MPC823 embedded DSP function allows the communication processor module to execute
imaging algorithms in parallel with the PowerPC core to achieve maximum performance with very
little power. The DSP can execute one 16x16 MAC on every clock cycle. It has preprogrammed
filtering functions like FIR, MOD, DEMOD, IIR, and downloadable imaging functions for JPEG
image compression and decompression. These functions are also used by modem and speech
recognition programs.
The robust communication features of the MPC823 are provided by the communication processor
module. These features include a RISC microcontroller with multiply accumulate hardware, two
serial communication controllers, two serial management controllers, one dedicated serial channel
for the universal serial bus, one inter-integrated circuit port, one serial peripheral interface, an 8K
dual-port RAM, interrupt controller, two time-slot assigners, and four independent baud rate
generators.
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Twelve serial DMA channels support the SCCs, SMCs, USB channel, SPI, and I2C controllers. The
independent DMAs give you two channels for general-purpose DMA usage. They offer high-speed
transfers, 32-bit data movement, buffer chaining, and independent request and acknowledge logic.
The RISC microcontroller is the only block that can access the IDMA registers directly. The CPU
can only access them indirectly via a buffer descriptor.
System Interface Unit
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The system interface unit supports traditional 68K big-endian memory systems, traditional x86
little-endian memory systems, and PowerPC little-endian memory systems. It also provides power
management functions, reset control, a PowerPC decrementer, timebase, and real-time clock.
Although the PowerPC core is a 32-bit device internally, it can be configured to operate with an 8-,
16-, or 32-bit data bus. Regardless of the system bus size, dynamic bus sizing is supported, which
allows 8-, 16-, and 32-bit peripherals and memory to coexist on a 32-bit system bus.
The memory controller supports as many as eight memory banks with glueless interfaces to
DRAM, SRAM, EPROM, Flash EPROM, SDRAM, EDO and other peripherals with two-clock
initial access to external SRAM and bursting support. It provides variable block sizes between 32K
and 256M. The memory controller has 0 to 20 wait states for each bank of memory and can use
address-type matching to qualify each memory bank access. It provides four byte-enable signals
for varying width devices, one output-enable signal, and one boot chip-select that is available at
reset.
The DRAM interface supports 8-, 16-, and 32-bit ports and uses a programmable state machine to
support almost any memory interface. Memory banks can be defined in depths of 256K, 512K, 1M,
2M, 4M, 8M, 16M, 32M, or 64M for all port sizes. In addition, the memory depth can be defined
as 64K and 128K for 8-bit memory or 128M and 256M for 32-bit memory. The DRAM controller
supports page mode access for successive transfers within bursts. The MPC823 supports a glueless
interface to one bank of DRAM, while external buffers are required for additional memory banks.
The refresh unit provides CAS before RAS, a programmable refresh timer, refresh active during
external reset, disable refresh modes, and stacking for a maximum of seven refresh cycles.
Video/LCD Controller
The MPC823 has a dual-purpose video/LCD controller that shares common dual-port memory.
However, only one of the controllers can be run at a time.
The video controller can be used to drive a digital NTSC/PAL encoder or a wide variety of digital
LCD panels. The frame buffer is stored in system memory in the form of an orthogonal matrix—
rows and columns. The 24-bit color data is organized as pixel components whether it is sequential
RGB or YCrCb. The video controller uses a dedicated DMA channel to read the display data from
the frame buffer and drive it to the video interface. It also generates the required timing signals,
such as horizontal sync, vertical sync, field, and blanking.
The LCD controller provides extremely versatile LCD support for 8-bit color, monochrome or
4/16-level grayscale, color TFT (12 bits, 4x3 RGB), and passive color (xSTN) 4/8 bit data. The
controller supports 4- or 8-bit single-scan, 2+2 bit dual-scan, or 4+4 bit dual-scan. It is
programmable for frame rate, number of pixels per line, and number of lines per frame. The panel
voltage is programmable through the duty cycle for contrast adjustments implemented in the
communication processor RISC timer PWM mode. Display data is stored in memory space and is
transferred into the controller using the DMA channel.
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PCMCIA-ATA Controller
The PCMCIA-ATA interface is a master controller that is compliant with Version 2.1 of the
PCMCIA standard. The interface supports one independent PCMCIA socket with the required
external transceivers or buffers. It provides eight memory or I/O windows that can be allocated to
the socket. If the PCMCIA port is not being used as a card interface, it can provide eight
general-purpose pins and two output-only pins with interrupt capability.
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Power Management
The MPC823 microprocessor supports a wide range of power management features, including
normal high, normal low, doze, sleep, deep-sleep, and power-down modes. In normal high mode,
the MPC823 is fully powered with all internal units operating at the full speed of the processor.
Normal low mode is the same as normal high, except it operates at a much lower frequency. There
is a doze mode determined by a clock divider that allows the operating system to reduce the
operational frequency of the processor.
Doze mode disables core functional units except the timebase, decrementer, PLL, memory
controller, real-time clock, LCD controller, and communication processor module. Sleep mode is
a lower power mode that disables everything except the real-time clock, timebase, decrementer,
and periodic interrupt timer, thus leaving the PLL active for quick wake-up. The deep-sleep mode
then disables the PLL for lower power, but slower wake-up. Power-down mode disables all logic
in the processor, except the minimum logic required to restart the device. It saves the most power,
but requires the longest wake-up time.
System Debug Support
The MPC823 microprocessor contains an advanced debug interface that provides superior debug
capabilities without any loss of speed. It supports six watchpoint pins that can be combined with
eight internal comparators, four of which operate on the effective address of the address bus. The
other four comparators are split—two comparators operate on the effective address on the data bus
and two comparators operate on the data on the data bus. The MPC823 microprocessor can
compare using the =, π, conditions to generate watchpoints. Each watchpoint can then
generate a breakpoint that can be programmed to trigger in a programmable number of events.
Applications
The MPC823 microprocessor is specifically designed to be a general-purpose, low-cost entry point
to the Motorola embedded PowerPC Family for systems in which advanced GUIs,
communications, and high-level real-time operating systems are used. The device excels in
applications that require the performance of a single-issue PowerPC core with an ample amount of
data and instruction cache. It provides all the basic features of glueless memory connections along
with highly functional serial connectivity, a graphical LCD, and a video display controller. The
MPC823 excels in low-power and portable applications because of its extensive power-down
modes and low normal operation current.
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Order Information
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The following table contains the package type and operating frequencies of the MPC823.
Package Type
Frequency
Temperature
Order Number
256 lead PBGA
23x23 1.27mm pitch
66 MHz
75 MHz
0°C to 95°C*
0°C to 95°C*
XPC823ZT66B
XPC823ZT75B
256 lead PBGA
23x23 1.27mm pitch
66 MHz
-40°C to 95°C**
XPC823CZT66B
256 lead PBGA
17x17 1.00mm pitch
66 MHz
75 MHz
0°C to 95°C*
0°C to 95°C*
XPC823ZC66B
XPC823ZC75B
256 lead PBGA
17x17 1.00mm pitch
66 MHz
-40°C to 95°C**
XPC823CZC66B
* TA = 0° C to Tj = +95° C
** TA = -40° C to Tj = +95° C
The documents listed in the table below contain detailed information on the MPC823
microprocessor. You can obtain these documents from the Motorola Literature Distribution Center
or from our website at www.mot.com/mpc823.
Document Title
Order Number
MPC823 Reference Manual
MPC823RM/D
Detailed information for MPC823 design
MPC823 CD
CDMPC823/D
MPC823 User’s Manual in PDF
MPC823 Pocket Reference Guide
MPC823RG/D
Quick reference to content of the
MPC823 User’s Manual
MPC823 Electrical Specifications
MPC823ELE/D
Electrical specifications for the MPC823
MPC823 Literature Package
MPC823PAK/D
MPC823 User’s Manual, Pocket
Reference Guide, Electrical
Specifications, and CD
PowerPC Microprocessor Family: The
Programming Environments for 32-Bit
Microprocessors
PowerPC Resource Guide
MOTOROLA
MPCFPE32B/AD
BR1724/D
Contents
PowerPC instruction set
Independent vendor listing of supporting
software and development tools
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The PowerPC name, the PowerPC logotype, and SDLC are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation used by Motorola under
license from International Business Machines Corporation.
I2C is a registered trademark of Philips Corporation.
Appletalk is a registered trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.
Information in this document is provided solely to enable system and software implementers to use PowerPC microprocessors. There are no express or
implied copyright licenses granted hereunder to design or fabricate PowerPC integrated circuits or integrated circuits based on the information in this
document.
Motorola reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. Motorola makes no warranty, representation or guarantee
regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does Motorola assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product
or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters can and do
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