LM91DIMQA

LM91 Diode Input Digital Temperature Sensor with Two-Wire Interface November 2001 LM91 Diode Input Digital Temperature Sensor with Two-Wire Interface General Description The LM91 is a remote diode temperature sensor, Delta-Sigma analog-to-digital converter, and digital over-temperature detector with an SMBus™ interface. The LM91 senses its own temperature as well as the temperature of a target IC with a diode junction, such as a Pentium ® II processor or a diode connected 2N3904. A diode junction (semiconductor junction) is required on the target IC’s die. A host can query the LM91 at any time to read the temperature of this diode as well as the temperature state of the LM91 itself. A T_CRIT_A interrupt output becomes active when the temperature is greater than a programmable comparator limit, T_CRIT. The host can program as well as read back the state of the T_CRIT register. Power up default values for T_CRIT are as shown in the ordering information table. Three state logic inputs allow two pins (ADD0, ADD1) to select up to 9 SMBus address locations for the LM91. n Register readback capability n 7 bit plus sign temperature data format n 2 address select lines enable 9 LM91s to be connected to a single bus Key Specifications j Supply Voltage j Supply Current j Local Temperature Accuracy j Remote Diode Temperature Accuracy 3.0V - 3.6V 1 mA (max) ± 1.0˚C (typ) ± 4˚C (max) ± 6˚C (max) +60˚C to +100˚C 0˚C to +125˚C Applications n n n n n System Thermal Management Personal Computers Electronic Test Equipment Office Electronics HVAC Features n Directly senses die temperature of remote ICs n Senses temperature of remote diodes n SMBus compatible interface, supports SMBus Timeout Simplified Block Diagram 20034301 # Indicates Active Low (”NOT“) SMBus™ is a trademark of the Intel Corporation. Pentium ® II processor is a registered trademark of the Intel Corporation. I2C ® is a registered trademark of the Philips Corporation. © 2001 National Semiconductor Corporation DS200343 www.national.com LM91 Connection Diagram QSOP-16 20034302 TOP VIEW Ordering Information Order Number NS Package Number MQA16A (QSOP-16) MQA16A (QSOP-16) Transport Media 95 Units in Rail 2500 Units on Tape and Reel SMBus Revision Level 1.1 1.1 Noise Filter on SMBCLK 20MHz 20MHz Remote Diode Accuracy Local T_CRIT Default 127˚C 127˚C Remote T_CRIT Default 95˚C 95˚C LM91DIMQA LM91DIMQAX ± 4˚C ± 4˚C www.national.com 2 LM91 Typical Application 20034303 Pin Descriptions Label Pin # Function Manufacturing test pins. NC 1, 5, 9, 13, 16 Typical Connection Left floating. PC board traces may be routed through the pads for these pins. Although, the components that drive these traces should share the same supply as the LM91 so that the Absolute Maximum Voltage at any Pin rating is not violated. DC Voltage from 3.0V to 3.6V To Diode Anode. Connected to remote discrete diode or to the diode on the external IC whose die temperature is being sensed. To Diode Cathode. Must be grounded when not used. Ground (Low, “0”), VCC (High, “1”) or open (“TRI-LEVEL”) Ground Pull Up Resistor, Controller Interrupt Line or System Shutdown From and to Controller, Pull Up Resistor VCC 2 Positive Supply Voltage Input Diode Current Source D+ 3 Diode Return Current Sink User-Set SMBus (I2C) Address Inputs Power Supply Ground Critical Temperature Alarm, open-drain output SMBus (I2C) Serial Bi-Directional Data Line, open-drain output SMBus (I2C) Clock Input No Connection D− ADD0–ADD1 GND T_CRIT_A 4 10, 6 7, 8 11 SMBData SMBCLK NC 12 14 15 From Controller Left floating. PC board traces may be routed through the pads for this pin. 3 www.national.com LM91 Absolute Maximum Ratings Supply Voltage Voltage at Any Pin: NC (Pins 1,5,9), ADD0, ADD1, D All other pins (except D−) D− Input Current Input Current at All Other Pins (Note 2) Package Input Current (Note 2) SMBData, T_CRIT_A Output Sink Current Output Voltage Storage Temperature + (Note 1) Soldering Information, Lead Temperature QSOP Package (Note 3) Vapor Phase (60 seconds) 215˚C 220˚C 2500V 250V Infrared (15 seconds) ESD Susceptibility (Note 4) Human Body Model Machine Model −0.3V to 6.0V −0.3V to (VCC + 0.3V) −0.3V to 6.0V ± 1 mA 5 mA 20 mA 10 mA 6.0V −65˚C to +150˚C Operating Ratings (Note 1) and (Note 5) Specified Temperature Range LM91D Supply Voltage Range (VCC) TMIN to TMAX 0˚C to +125˚C +3.0V to +3.6V Temperature-to-Digital Converter Characteristics Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for VCC =+3.0 Vdc to +3.6 Vdc. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ =+25˚C, unless otherwise noted. Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 6) Local Temperature Error (Note 8) Remote Temperature Error using Pentium Diode (Note 8) and (Note 9) +60˚C ≤TA ≤ +100˚C, VCC = 3.3 Vdc 0˚C ≤ TA ≤ +125˚C, VCC = 3.3 Vdc Remote Temperature Error using Diode Connected 2N3904 (Note 8) and (Note 9) +60˚C ≤TA ≤ +100˚C, VCC = 3.3 Vdc 0˚C ≤ TA ≤ +125˚C, VCC = 3.3 Vdc Resolution Temperature Conversion Time Quiescent Current (Note 10) D− Source Voltage Diode Source Current (D+ − D−)=+ 0.65V; high level Low level T_CRIT_A Output Saturation Voltage Power-On Reset Threshold IOUT = 3.0 mA On VCC input, falling edge (Note 11) SMBus (I2C Inactive) 8 1 120 0.500 0.7 160 50 16 5 0.4 2.2 1.2 145 1 LM91D Limits (Note 7) Units (Limit) ˚C ±1 ±4 ±6 +2, −6 +4, −8 ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) ˚C (max) Bits ˚C ms mA (max) V µA (max) µA (min) µA (max) µA (min) V (max) V (max) V (min) www.national.com 4 LM91 Logic Electrical Characteristics DIGITAL DC CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for VCC =+3.0 to 3.6 Vdc. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ =+25˚C, unless otherwise noted. Symbol Parameter Conditions Typical (Note 6) SMBData, SMBCLK VIN(1) VIN(0) IIN(1) IIN(0) ADD0, ADD1 VIN(1) VIN(0) IIN(1) IIN(0) CIN IOH VOL Logical “1” Input Voltage Logical “0”Input Voltage Logical “1” Input Current Logical “0” Input Current Input Capacitance High Level Output Current SMBus Low Level Output Voltage VOH = VCC IOL = 3 mA IOL = 6 mA VIN = VCC VIN = 0V VCC GND 50 50 20 100 0.4 0.6 1.6 0.5 600 600 V (min) V (max) µA (max) µA (max) pF µA (max) V (max) Logical “1” Input Voltage Logical “0”Input Voltage Logical “1” Input Current Logical “0” Input Current VIN = VCC VIN = 0V 0.005 −0.005 2.1 0.8 1.0 −1.0 V (min) V (max) µA (max) µA (max) LM91D Limits (Note 7) Units (Limit) ALL DIGITAL INPUTS ALL DIGITAL OUTPUTS SMBus DIGITAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for VCC =+3.0 Vdc to +3.6 Vdc, CL (load capacitance) on output lines = 80 pF. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = +25˚C, unless otherwise noted. The switching characteristics of the LM91 fully meet or exceed the published specifications of the SMBus or I2C bus. The following parameters are the timing relationships between SMBCLK and SMBData signals related to the LM91. They are not necessarily the I2C or SMBus bus specifications. Symbol fSMB tLOW Parameter SMBus Clock Frequency SMBus Clock Low Time 10% to 10% Conditions Typical (Note 6) Limits (Note 7) 400 10 1.3 25 25 90% to 90% 10% to 90% 90% to 10% CL = 400 pF IO = 3 mA 1 0.3 250 25 40 2.5 100 0 0.9 100 100 0.6 0.6 Units (Limit) kHz (max) kHz (min) µs (min) ms (max) ms (max) µs (min) µs µs ns (max) ms (min) ms (max) µs (min) ns (min) ns (min) µs (max) ns (min) ns (min) µs (min) tLOWSEXT Cumulative Clock Low Extend Time tHIGH tR;SMB tF;SMB tOF tTIMEOUT t1 t2, tSU;DAT t 3, tHD;DAT t4, tHD;STA t 5, tSU;STO t 6, tSU;STA SMBus Clock High Time SMBus Rise Time SMBus Fall Time Output Fall Time SMBData and SMBCLK Time Low for Reset of Serial Interface (Note 12) SMBCLK (Clock) Period Data In Setup Time to SMBCLK High Data Out Stable after SMBCLK Low SMBData Low Setup Time to SMBCLK Low SMBData High Delay Time after SMBCLK High (Stop Condition Setup) SMBus Start-Condition Setup Time 5 www.national.com LM91 SMBus DIGITAL SWITCHING CHARACTERISTICS Unless otherwise noted, these specifications apply for VCC =+3.0 Vdc to +3.6 Vdc, CL (load capacitance) on output lines = 80 pF. Boldface limits apply for TA = TJ = TMIN to TMAX; all other limits TA = TJ = +25˚C, unless otherwise noted. The switching characteristics of the LM91 fully meet or exceed the published specifications of the SMBus or I2C bus. The following parameters are the timing relationships between SMBCLK and SMBData signals related to the LM91. They are not necessarily the I2C or SMBus bus specifications. Symbol tBUF Parameter SMBus Free Time SMBus Communication Conditions Typical (Note 6) Limits (Note 7) 1.3 Units (Limit) µs (min) 20034304 SMBus TIMEOUT 20034313 Note 1: Absolute Maximum Ratings indicate limits beyond which damage to the device may occur. DC and AC electrical specifications do not apply when operating the device beyond its rated operating conditions. Note 2: When the input voltage (VI) at any pin exceeds the power supplies (VI < GND or VI > VCC), the current at that pin should be limited to 5 mA. The 20 mA maximum package input current rating limits the number of pins that can safely exceed the power supplies with an input current of 5 mA to four. Parasitics and or ESD protection circuitry are shown in the figure below for the LM91’s pins. The nominal breakdown voltage of the zener D3 is 6.5V. Care should be taken not to forward bias the parasitic diode, D1, present on pins: NC pins 1,5 and 9, D+, ADD1 and ADD0. Doing so by more than 50 mV may corrupt a temperature or voltage measurement. www.national.com 6 LM91 Pin Name NC (pins 1, 5, 9) VCC D+ D− ADD0, ADD1 D1 x x x D2 x x x x D3 x x x x x D4 Pin Name T_CRIT_A SMBData NC (pin 13) D1 D2 x x x x D3 x x x D4 x SMBCLK NC (pin 16) Note: An x indicates that the diode exists. 20034308 FIGURE 1. ESD Protection Input Structure Note 3: See AN-450 “Surface Mounting Methods and Their Effect on Product Reliability” or the section titled “Surface Mount” found in a current National Semiconductor Linear Data Book for other methods of soldering surface mount devices. Note 4: Human body model, 100 pF discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor. Machine model, 200 pF discharged directly into each pin. Note 5: Thermal resistance of the QSOP-16 package is 130˚C/W, junction-to-ambient when attached to a printed circuit board with 2 oz. foil. Note 6: Typicals are at TA = 25˚C and represent most likely parametric norm. Note 7: Limits are guaranteed to National’s AOQL (Average Outgoing Quality Level). Note 8: The Temperature Error specification does not include an additional error of ± 1˚C, caused by the quantization error. Note 9: The Temperature Error will vary less than ± 1.0˚C for a variation in VCC of 3V to 3.6V from the nominal of 3.3V. Note 10: Quiescent current will not increase substantially with an active SMBus. Note 11: This specification is provided only to indicate how often temperature data is updated. The LM91 can be read at any time without regard to conversion state (and will yield last conversion result). Note 12: Holding the SMBData and/or SMBCLK lines Low for a time interval greater than tTIMEOUT will cause the LM91 to reset SMBData and SMBCLK to the IDLE state of an SMBus communication (SMBCLK and SMBData set High). 20034305 FIGURE 2. Temperature-to-Digital Transfer Function (Non-linear scale for clarity) 7 www.national.com LM91 1.0 Functional Description The LM91 temperature sensor incorporates a band-gap type temperature sensor using a Local or Remote diode and an 8-bit ADC (Delta-Sigma Analog-to-Digital Converter). The LM91 is compatible with the serial SMBus and I2C interfaces. Digital comparators compare Local and Remote readings to user-programmable setpoints (LT_CRIT and RT_CRIT). Activation of the T_CRIT_A output indicates that a temperature reading is greater than the limit preset in a T_CRIT register. 1.1 T_CRIT_A OUTPUT, T_CRIT LIMITS T_CRIT_A is activated when the Local temperature reading is greater than the limit preset in the local critical temperature setpoint register (LT_CRIT) or when the Remote temperature reading is greater than the limit preset in the remote critical temperature setpoint register (RT_CRIT), as shown in Figure 3. The T_CRIT_A mask bit (bit 7 of the Configuration Register) when set will disable the T_CRIT_A output. The Status Register can be read to determine which event caused the alarm. A bit in the Status Register is set high to indicate T_CRIT temperature alarm, see Section 1.8.3. Local and remote temperature diodes are sampled alternately by the A/D converter. The T_CRIT_A output and the Status Register flags are updated at the completion of a conversion, which takes approximately 60 ms. T_CRIT_A and the Status Register flags are reset only after the Status Register is read and if the temperature is below the setpoint. address select pins ADD1 and ADD0, and are set by connecting these pins to ground for a low, (0) , to VCC for a high, (1), or left floating (TRI-LEVEL). Therefore, the complete slave address is: A6 MSB and is selected as follows: Address Select Pin State ADD0 0 0 0 TRI-LEVEL TRI-LEVEL TRI-LEVEL 1 1 1 ADD1 0 TRI-LEVEL 1 0 TRI-LEVEL 1 0 TRI-LEVEL 1 LM91 SMBus Slave Address A6:A0 binary 001 1000 001 1001 001 1010 010 1001 010 1010 010 1011 100 1100 100 1101 100 1110 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 LSB The LM91 latches the state of the address select pins during the first read or write on the SMBus. Changing the state of the address select pins after the first read or write to any device on the SMBus will not change the slave address of the LM91. 1.4 TEMPERATURE DATA FORMAT Temperature data can be read from the Local Temperature, Remote Temperature, and T_CRIT setpoint registers. Temperature data can only be written to the T_CRIT setpoint registers. Temperature data is represented by an 8-bit, two’s complement byte with an LSB (Least Significant Bit) equal to 1˚C: Temperature +125˚C +25˚C +1˚C 0˚C −1˚C −25˚C −55˚C Digital Output Binary Hex 7Dh 19h 01h 00h FFh E7h C9h 0111 1101 0001 1001 0000 0001 0000 0000 1111 1111 1110 0111 1100 1001 20034306 FIGURE 3. T_CRIT_A Temperature Response Diagram 1.2 POWER-ON RESET DEFAULT STATES LM91 always powers up to these known default states: 1. Local Temperature set to 0˚C 2. Remote Temperature set to 0˚C until the LM91 senses a diode present or open circuit on the D+ and D− input pins. 3. Status Register set to 00h. 4. Command Register set to 00h; T_CRIT_A enabled. 5. Local T_CRIT set to 127˚C and Remote T_CRIT set to 95˚C. 1.3 SMBus INTERFACE The LM91 operates as a slave on the SMBus, so the SMBCLK line is an input (no clock is generated by the LM91) and the SMBData line is bi-directional. According to SMBus specifications, the LM91 has a 7-bit slave address. Bit 4 (A3) of the slave address is hard wired inside the LM91 to a 1. The remainder of the address bits are controlled by the 1.5 OPEN-DRAIN OUTPUTS SMBData and T_CRIT_A outputs are open-drain and do not have internal pull-ups. A “high” level will not be observed on these pins until pull-up current is provided from some external source, typically a pull-up resistor. Choice of resistor value depends on many system factors but, in general, the pull-up resistor should be as large as possible. This will minimize any local temperature reading errors due to self heating of the LM91. The maximum resistance of the pull-up, based on LM91 specification for High Level Output Current, to provide a 2V high level, is 30 kΩ. 1.6 DIODE FAULT DETECTION Before each remote conversion the LM91 goes through an external diode fault detection sequence. If the D+ input is 8 www.national.com LM91 1.0 Functional Description (Continued) shorted to VCC or floating then the temperature reading will be +127˚C, bit 2 (OPEN) of the Status Register will be set. If the Remote T_CRIT setpoint is set to less than +127˚C then 1.7 COMMUNICATING with the LM91 bit 4 (RTCRIT) of the Status Register will be set which will activate the T_CRIT_A output, if enabled. If D+ is shorted to GND or D−, the temperature reading will be 0˚C and bit 2 of the Status Register will not be set. 20034309 There are 10 data registers in the LM91, selected by the Command Register. At power-up the Command Register is set to “00”, the location for the Read Local Temperature Register. The Command Register latches whatever the last location it was set to. Reading the Status Register resets T_CRIT_A. All registers are predefined as read only or write only. Read and write registers with the same function contain mirrored data. A Write to the LM91 will always include the address byte and the command byte. A write to any register requires one data byte. Reading the LM91 can take place either of two ways: 1. If the location latched in the Command Register is correct (most of the time it is expected that the Command Register will point to one of the Read Temperature Registers because that will be the data most frequently read from the LM91), the read can simply consist of an address byte, followed by retrieving the data byte. 2. If the Command Register needs to be set, then an address byte, command byte, repeat start, and another address byte will accomplish a read. The data byte has the most significant bit first. At the end of a read, the LM91 can accept either Acknowledge or No Acknowledge from the Master (No Acknowledge is typically used as a signal for the slave that the Master has read its last byte). 1.7.1 SMBus TIMEOUT The LM91 SMBus interface circuitry will be reset to the SMBus idle state if the SMBData or SMBCLK lines are held low for more than 40 ms. The LM91 may or may not reset the state SMBData or SMBCLK if either of these lines are held low between 25 ms and 40 ms. Holding SMBData or SMBCLK low for less than or equal to 25 ms will not reset the interface circuitry. The LM91 has a built-in internal timer to guarantee that the interface is reset if the SMBData line were to get stuck low. This can commonly occur when the master is reset while the slave is transmitting low. This enhancement to the SMBus TIMEOUT specification ensures error free performance even in remote systems where complete power supply shutdown, for reset, is a nuisance. This would have to occur since many cost effective temperature sensors such as the LM91 do not have a pin dedicated for reset. 9 www.national.com LM91 1.0 Functional Description 1.8 LM91 REGISTERS (Continued) 1.8.1 COMMAND REGISTER Selects which registers will be read from or written to. Data for this register should be transmitted during the Command Byte of the SMBus write communication. P7 0 P0-P7: Command Select: Command Select Power On Default State Address Register Name Register Function P6 0 P5 0 P4 0 P3 P2 P1 P0 Command Select < P7:P0 > hex 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 07h 09h 0Bh 0Dh < D7:D0 > binary 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0111 1111 0101 1111 0000 0000 0111 1111 0101 1111 < D7:D0 > decimal 0 0 0 0 0 127 95 0 127 95 RLT RRT RS RC RMID RLCS RRCS WC WLCS WRCS Read Local Temperature Read Remote Temperature Read Status Read Configuration Manufacturers ID Read Local T_CRIT Setpoint Read Remote T_CRIT Setpoint Write Configuration Write Local T_CRIT Setpoint Write Remote T_CRIT Setpoint 1.8.2 LOCAL and REMOTE TEMPERATURE REGISTERS (Read Only Address 00h and 01h): D7 MSB D6 Bit 6 D5 Bit 5 D4 Bit 4 D3 Bit 3 D2 Bit 2 D1 Bit 1 D0 LSB D7–D0: Temperature Data. One LSB = 1˚C. Two’s complement format. 1.8.3 STATUS REGISTER (Read Only Address 02h): D7 0 D6 LTCRIT D5 0 D4 RTCRIT D3 0 D2 OPEN D1 0 D0 0 Power up default is with all bits “0” (zero). D2: OPEN: When set to 1 indicates a Remote Diode disconnect. D4: RTCRIT: When set to 1 indicates an RT_CRIT alarm. D6: LTCRIT: When set to 1 indicates an LT_CRIT alarm. D7, D5, D3, D1–D0: These bits are always set to 0. 1.8.4 Manufacturers ID Register (Read Address 04h) Default value 00h. 1.8.5 CONFIGURATION REGISTER (Read Address 03h /Write Address 09h): D7 T_CRIT_A mask D6 0 D5 0 D4 0 D3 0 D2 0 D1 0 D0 0 Power up default is with all bits “0” (zero). D7: T_CRIT_A mask: When set to 1 T_CRIT_A interrupts are masked. D6–D0: These bits are always set to 0. A write of 1 will return a 0 when read. www.national.com 10 LM91 1.0 Functional Description (Continued) 1.8.6 LOCAL AND REMOTE T_CRIT REGISTERS (Read/Write): D7 MSB D6 Bit 6 D5 Bit 5 D4 Bit 4 D3 Bit 3 D2 Bit 2 D1 Bit 1 D0 LSB D7–D0: RT_CRIT and LT_CRIT setpoint temperature data. Power up default is LT_CRIT =127˚C and RT_CRIT = 95˚C. 2.0 SMBus Timing Diagrams 20034310 (a) Serial Bus Write to the internal Command Register followed by a the Data Byte 20034311 (b) Serial Bus Write to the internal Command Register 20034312 (c) Serial Bus Read from a Register with the internal Command Register preset to desired value. FIGURE 4. Serial Bus Timing Diagrams 3.0 Application Hints The LM91 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-circuit temperature sensors, and its remote diode sensing capability allows it to be used in new ways as well. It can be soldered to a printed circuit board, and because the path of best thermal conductivity is between the die and the pins, its temperature will effectively be that of the printed circuit board lands and traces soldered to the LM91’s pins. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature of the printed circuit board; if the air temperature is much higher or lower than the 11 www.national.com LM91 3.0 Application Hints (Continued) where: surface temperature, the actual temperature of the of the LM91 die will be at an intermediate temperature between the surface and air temperatures. Again, the primary thermal conduction path is through the leads, so the circuit board temperature will contribute to the die temperature much more strongly than will the air temperature. To measure temperature external to the LM91’s die, use a remote diode. This diode can be located on the die of a target IC, allowing measurement of the IC’s temperature, independent of the LM91’s temperature. The LM91 has been optimized to measure the remote diode of a Pentium II processor as shown in Figure 5. A discrete diode can also be used to sense the temperature of external objects or ambient air. Remember that a discrete diode’s temperature will be affected, and often dominated, by the temperature of its leads. • η is the non-ideality factor of the process the diode is manufactured on, • q is the electron charge, • k is the Boltzmann’s constant, • N is the current ratio, • T is the absolute temperature in ˚K. The temperature sensor then measures ∆VBE and converts to digital data. In this equation, k and q are well defined universal constants, and N is a parameter controlled by the temperature sensor. The only other parameter is η, which depends on the diode that is used for measurement. Since ∆VBE is proportional to both η and T, the variations in η cannot be distinguished from variations in temperature. Since the non-ideality factor is not controlled by the temperature sensor, it will directly add to the inaccuracy of the sensor. For the Pentium II Intel specifies a ± 1% variation in η from part to part. As an example, assume a temperature sensor has an accuracy specification of ± 4˚C at room temperature of 25˚C and the process used to manufacture the diode has a non-ideality variation of ± 1%. The resulting accuracy of the temperature sensor at room temperature will be: TACC = ± 4˚C + ( ± 1% of 298˚K) = ± 7˚C . The additional inaccuracy in the temperature measurement caused by η, can be eliminated if each temperature sensor is calibrated with the remote diode that it will be paired with. 3.2 PCB LAYOUT for MINIMIZING NOISE In a noisy environment, such as a processor mother board, layout considerations are very critical. Noise induced on traces running between the remote temperature diode sensor and the LM91 can cause temperature conversion errors. The following guidelines should be followed: 1. Place a 0.1 µF power supply bypass capacitor as close as possible to the VCC pin and the recommended 2.2 nF capacitor as close as possible to the D+ and D− pins. Make sure the traces to the 2.2 nF capacitor are matched. 2. Ideally, the LM91 should be placed within 10 cm of the Processor diode pins with the traces being as straight, short and identical as possible. 3. Diode traces should be surrounded by a GND guard ring to either side, above and below if possible. This GND guard should not be between the D+ and D− lines. In the event that noise does couple to the diode lines it would be ideal if it is coupled common mode. That is equally to the D+ and D− lines.(See Figure 6) 4. Avoid routing diode traces in close proximity to power supply switching or filtering inductors. 5. Avoid running diode traces close to or parallel to high speed digital and bus lines. Diode traces should be kept at least 2 cm. apart from the high speed digital traces. 6. If it is necessary to cross high speed digital traces, the diode traces and the high speed digital traces should cross at a 90 degree angle. 7. The ideal place to connect the LM91’s GND pin is as close as possible to the Processors GND associated with the sense diode. For the Pentium II this would be pin A14. 20034316 Pentium Temperature vs LM91 Temperature Reading FIGURE 5. Most silicon diodes do not lend themselves well to this application. It is recommended that a 2N3904 transistor base emitter junction be used with the collector tied to the base. A diode connected 2N3904 approximates the junction available on a Pentium microprocessor for temperature measurement. Therefore, the LM91 can sense the temperature of this diode effectively. 3.1 ACCURACY EFFECTS OF DIODE NON-IDEALITY FACTOR The technique used in today’s remote temperature sensors is to measure the change in VBE at two different operating points of a diode. For a bias current ratio of N:1, this difference is given as: www.national.com 12 LM91 3.0 Application Hints (Continued) 20034315 FIGURE 6. Recommended Diode Trace Layout Noise on the digital lines, overshoot greater than VCC and undershoot less than GND, may prevent successful SMBus communication with the LM91. SMBus no acknowledge is the most common symptom, causing unnecessary traffic on the bus. Although, the SMBus maximum frequency of communication is rather low (400 kHz max) care still needs to be taken to ensure proper termination within a system with multiple parts on the bus and long printed circuit board traces. 4.0 Typical Applications 20034317 Using a Diode Connected 2N3904 as a Remote Temperture Sensing Element 13 www.national.com LM91 Diode Input Digital Temperature Sensor with Two-Wire Interface Physical Dimensions unless otherwise noted inches (millimeters) 16-Lead QSOP Package Order Number LM91DIMQA, or LM91DIMQAX NS Package Number MQA16 LIFE SUPPORT POLICY NATIONAL’S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT AND GENERAL COUNSEL OF NATIONAL SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. National Semiconductor Corporation Americas Email: support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Europe Fax: +49 (0) 180-530 85 86 Email: europe.support@nsc.com Deutsch Tel: +49 (0) 69 9508 6208 English Tel: +44 (0) 870 24 0 2171 Français Tel: +33 (0) 1 41 91 8790 2. A critical component is any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness. National Semiconductor Asia Pacific Customer Response Group Tel: 65-2544466 Fax: 65-2504466 Email: ap.support@nsc.com National Semiconductor Japan Ltd. Tel: 81-3-5639-7560 Fax: 81-3-5639-7507 www.national.com National does not assume any responsibility for use of any circuitry described, no circuit patent licenses are implied and National reserves the right at any time without notice to change said circuitry and specifications.