ADT7475ARQZ

ADT7475 Remote Thermal Monitor and Fan Controller The ADT7475 controller is a thermal monitor and multiple PWM fan controller for noise-sensitive or power-sensitive applications requiring active system cooling. The ADT7475 can drive a fan using either a low or high frequency drive signal, monitor the temperature of up to two remote sensor diodes plus its own internal temperature, and measure and control the speed of up to four fans so that they operate at the lowest possible speed for minimum acoustic noise. The automatic fan speed control loop optimizes fan speed for a given temperature. The effectiveness of the system’s thermal solution can be monitored using the THERM input. The ADT7475 also provides critical thermal protection to the system using the bidirectional THERM pin as an output to prevent system or component overheating. http://onsemi.com QSOP−16 CASE 492 PIN ASSIGNMENT Features SCL 1 16 SDA • • • • • GND 2 15 PWM1/XTO • • • • • • • • Controls and Monitors Up to 4 Fans High and Low Frequency Fan Drive Signal 1 On-Chip and 2 Remote Temperature Sensors Extended Temperature Measurement Range, Up to 191°C Automatic Fan Speed Control Mode Controls System Cooling Based on Measured Temperature Enhanced Acoustic Mode Dramatically Reduces User Perception of Changing Fan Speeds Thermal Protection Feature via THERM Output Monitors Performance Impact of Intel® Pentium® 4 Processor Thermal Control Circuit via THERM Input 3-wire and 4-wire Fan Speed Measurement Limit Comparison of All Monitored Values Meets SMBus 2.0 Electrical Specifications (Fully SMBus 1.1 Compliant) These Devices are Pb-Free, Halogen Free/BFR Free and are RoHS Compliant VCC 3 14 VCCP TACH3 PWM2/ SMBALERT TACH1 4 13 D1+ 12 D1− 6 11 D2+ TACH2 7 10 D2− PWM3 8 9 5 ADT7475 (Top View) TACH4/GPIO/ THERM/ SMBALERT MARKING DIAGRAM ADT7475 ARQZ #YYWW ADT7475ARQZ # YYWW = Specific Device Code = Pb-Free Package = Date Code ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 57 of this data sheet. © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2013 August, 2018 − Rev. 8 1 Publication Order Number: ADT7475/D ADT7475 SCL SDA SMBALERT ADT7475 SERIAL BUS INTERFACE PWM1 PWM2 PWM3 PWM REGISTERS AND CONTROLLERS (HF & LF) ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER AUTOMATIC FAN SPEED CONTROL ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT CONTROL PWM CONFIGURATION REGISTERS TACH1 TACH2 FAN SPEED COUNTER TACH3 TACH4 INTERRUPT MASKING PERFORMANCE MONITORING THERMAL PROTECTION THERM VCC INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTERS VCC to ADT7475 D1+ D1− D2+ INPUT SIGNAL CONDITIONING AND ANALOG MULTIPLEXER D2− VCCP BAND GAP TEMP. SENSOR LIMIT COMPARATORS 10-BIT ADC VALUE AND LIMIT REGISTERS BAND GAP REFERENCE GND Figure 1. Functional Block Diagram Table 1. ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Parameter Rating Unit Positive Supply Voltage (VCC) 3.6 V −0.3 to +3.6 V Input Current at Any Pin ±5 mA Package Input Current ±20 mA 150 °C −65 to +150 °C Voltage on Any Input or Output Pin Maximum Junction Temperature (TJ MAX) Storage Temperature Range Lead Temperature, Soldering IR Reflow Peak Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) °C 260 300 ESD Rating 1,500 V Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. NOTE: This device is ESD sensitive. Use standard ESD precautions when handling. Table 2. THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS Package Type 16-lead QSOP (Note 1) qJA qJC Unit 150 39 °C/W 1. qJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages. http://onsemi.com 2 ADT7475 Table 3. PIN ASSIGNMENT Pin No. Mnemonic 1 SCL Digital Input (Open Drain). SMBus serial clock input. Requires SMBus pullup. 2 GND Ground Pin. 3 VCC Power Supply. VCC is also monitored through this pin. 4 TACH3 Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure speed of Fan 3. 5 PWM2 PWM2: Digital Output (Open Drain). Requires 10 kW typical pullup. Pulse-width modulated output to control Fan 2 speed. Can be configured as a high or low frequency drive. SMBALERT: Digital Output (Open Drain). This pin can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT interrupt output to signal out-of-limit conditions. B SMBALERT Description 6 TACH1 Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure the speed of Fan 1. 7 TACH2 Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure the speed of Fan 2. 8 PWM3 Digital I/O (Open Drain). Pulse-width modulated output to control the speed of Fan 3 and Fan 4. Requires 10 kW typical pullup. Can be configured as a high or low frequency drive. 9 TACH4 THERM TACH4: Digital Input (Open Drain). Fan tachometer input to measure the speed of Fan 4. THERM: Digital I/O (Open Drain). Alternatively, this pin can be reconfigured as a bidirectional THERM pin that can be used to time and monitor assertions on the THERM input. For example, the pin can be connected to the PROCHOT output of an Intel® Pentium® 4 processor or to the output of a trip point temperature sensor. This pin can be used as an output to signal overtemperature conditions. GPIO: General-Purpose Open Drain Digital I/O. SMBALERT: Digital Output (Open Drain). This pin can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT interrupt output to signal out-of-limit conditions. GPIO SMBALERT 10 D2− Cathode Connection to Second Thermal Diode. 11 D2+ Anode Connection to Second Thermal Diode. 12 D1− Cathode Connection to First Thermal Diode. 13 D1+ Anode Connection to First Thermal Diode. 14 VCCP Analog Input. Monitors processor core voltage (0 V to 3.0 V). 15 PWM1 XTO Digital Output (Open Drain). Pulse-width modulated output to control Fan 1 speed. Requires 10 kW typical pullup. Also functions as the output from the XNOR tree in XNOR test mode. SDA Digital I/O (Open Drain). SMBus bidirectional serial data. Requires 10 kW typical pullup. 16 B http://onsemi.com 3 ADT7475 Table 4. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCC = VMIN to VMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Power Supply 3.0 3.3 3.6 V Interface Inactive, ADC Active − 1.5 3.0 mA 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C − − − ±0.5 − 0.25 ±1.5 ±2.5 − °C 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +125°C − − − ±0.5 − 0.25 1.5 ±2.5 − °C High Level Low Level − − 180 11 − − mA − − ±1.5 % − − ±1 LSB − ±0.1 − %/V Supply Voltage Supply Current, ICC Temperature-to-Digital Converter Local Sensor Accuracy Resolution Remote Diode Sensor Accuracy Resolution Remote Sensor Source Current ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER (INCLUDING MUX AND ATTENUATORS) Total Unadjusted Error (TUE) Differential Non-linearity (DNL) 8 Bits Power Supply Sensitivity Conversion Time (Voltage Input) Averaging Enabled − 11 − ms Conversion Time (Local Temperature) Averaging Enabled − 12 − ms Conversion Time (Remote Temperature) Averaging Enabled − 38 − ms Total Monitoring Cycle Time Averaging Enabled Averaging Disabled − − 145 19 − − ms Input Resistance For VCCP Channel 70 120 − kW 0°C ≤ TA ≤ 70°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ +120°C − − − − ±6 ±10 % − − 65,535 − − − − 109 329 5,000 10,000 − − − − RPM − − 8.0 mA FAN RPM-TO-DIGITAL CONVERTER Accuracy Full-Scale Count Nominal Input RPM Fan Count = 0xBFFF Fan Count = 0x3FFF Fan Count = 0x0438 Fan Count = 0x021C OPEN-DRAIN DIGITAL OUTPUTS (PWM1 TO PWM3, XTO) Current Sink, IOL Output Low Voltage, VOL IOUT = −8.0 mA − − 0.4 V High Level Output Current, IOH VOUT = VCC − 0.1 20 mA OPEN-DRAIN SERIAL DATA BUS OUTPUT (SDA) Output Low Voltage, VOL IOUT = −4.0 mA − − 0.4 V High Level Output Current, IOH VOUT = VCC − 0.1 1.0 mA Input High Voltage, VIH 2.0 − − V Input Low Voltage, VIL − − 0.4 V Hysteresis − 500 − mV Maximum Input Voltage 2.0 − − − − 3.6 V Minimum Input Voltage − −0.3 − − 0.8 − V − 0.5 − V p-p Input High Voltage, VIH 0.75 × VCC − − V Input Low Voltage, VIL − − 0.8 V SMBus DIGITAL INPUTS (SCL, SDA) DIGITAL INPUT LOGIC LEVELS (TACH INPUTS) Input High Voltage, VIH Input Low Voltage, VIL Hysteresis DIGITAL INPUT LOGIC LEVELS (THERM) ADTL+ http://onsemi.com 4 ADT7475 Table 4. ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = TMIN to TMAX, VCC = VMIN to VMAX, unless otherwise noted.) (Note 1) Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit DIGITAL INPUT CURRENT Input High Current, IIH VIN = VCC − ±1 − mA Input Low Current, IIL VIN = 0 V − ±1 − mA − 5 − pF Clock Frequency, fSCLK 10 − 400 kHz Glitch Immunity, tSW − − 50 ns Bus Free Time, tBUF 4.7 − − ms SCL Low Time, tLOW 4.7 − − ms SCL High Time, tHIGH 4.0 − 50 ms SCL, SDA Rise Time, tR − − 1,000 ns SCL, SDA Fall Time, tF − − 300 ms 250 − − ns 15 − 35 ms Input Capacitance, CIN SERIAL BUS TIMING (Note 2) (See Figure 2) Data Setup Time, tSU: DAT Detect Clock Low Timeout, tTIMEOUT Can be Optionally Disabled 1. All voltages are measured with respect to GND, unless otherwise specified. Typicals are at TA = 25°C and represent the most likely parametric norm. Logic inputs accept input high voltages of up to VMAX, even when the device is operating down to VMIN. Timing specifications are tested at logic levels of VIL = 0.8 V for a falling edge and VIH = 2.0 V for a rising edge. 2. SMBus timing specifications are guaranteed by design and are not production tested. t LOW tF t HD; STA tR SCL t HD; STA t HD; DAT t HIGH t SU; STA t SU; DAT t SU; STO SDA P t BUF S S Figure 2. Serial Bus Timing Diagram http://onsemi.com 5 P ADT7475 0 30 −10 20 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS −20 −30 −40 −50 −60 0 2 4 6 8 10 D+ To GND 0 −20 −30 −40 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 D+ To VCC −10 0 40 60 80 100 LEAKAGE RESISTANCE (MW) CAPACITANCE (nF) Figure 3. Temperature Error vs. Capacitance Between D+ and D− Figure 4. Remote Temperature Error vs. PCB Resistance 30 70 25 100 mV 20 60 mV 15 60 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 20 10 5 0 50 40 30 0 100M 200M 300M 400M 500M 40 mV 60 mV 10 0 40 mV −5 100 mV 20 −10 600M 0 100M NOISE FREQUENCY (Hz) 200M 300M 400M 500M 600M NOISE FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 5. Remote Temperature Error vs. Common-Mode Noise Frequency Figure 6. Remote Temperature Error vs. Differential-Mode Noise Frequency 1.20 15 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 1.18 1.16 IDD (mA) 1.14 1.12 1.10 1.08 1.06 1.04 1.02 1.00 0.98 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 10 5 0 −10 VDD (V) 0 100M 200M 300M 400M 500M 600M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 7. Normal IDD vs. Power Supply B 250 mV −5 −15 3.6 100 mV Figure 8. Internal Temperature Error vs. Power Supply Noise B http://onsemi.com 6 ADT7475 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS (Cont’d) TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 6 4 250 mV 2 0 −2 100 mV −4 −6 −8 −10 −12 0 100M 200M 300M 400M 500M 600M FREQUENCY (Hz) Figure 9. Remote Temperature Error vs. Power Supply Noise Frequency TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 −0.5 −1.0 −1.5 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 85 105 125 OIL BATH TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 10. Internal Temperature Error vs. ADT7475 Temperature 3.0 TEMPERATURE ERROR (°C) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 −0.5 −1.0 −1.5 −2.0 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 85 105 125 OIL BATH TEMPERATURE (°C) Figure 11. Remote Temperature Error vs. ADT7475 Temperature http://onsemi.com 7 ADT7475 Product Description The ADT7475 is a complete thermal monitor and multiple fan controller for any system requiring thermal monitoring and cooling. The device communicates with the system via a serial system management bus. The serial bus controller has a serial data line for reading and writing addresses and data (Pin 16), and an input line for the serial clock (Pin 1). All control and programming functions for the ADT7475 are performed over the serial bus. In addition, a pin can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT output to signal out-of-limit conditions. specification results in irreversible damage to the ADT7475. Signal pins (TACH/PWM) should be pulled up or clamped to 3.6 V maximum. See the Specifications Section for more information. Recommended Implementation Configuring the ADT7475 as shown in Figure 12 allows the system designer to use the following features: • Two PWM outputs for fan control of up-to-three fans (the front and rear chassis fans are connected in parallel). • Three TACH fan speed measurement inputs • VCC measured internally through Pin 3. • CPU temperature measured using the Remote 1 temperature channel. • Ambient temperature measured through the Remote 2 temperature channel. • Bidirectional THERM pin. This feature allows Intel® Pentium® 4 PROCHOT monitoring and can function as an overtemperature THERM output. The THERM pin can alternatively be programmed as an SMBALERT system interrupt output. Quick Comparison Between ADT7473 and ADT7475 • The ADT7473 supports advanced dynamic TMIN • • • • features while the ADT7475 does not. Acoustic smoothing is improved on the ADT7475. THERM can be selected as an output only on the ADT7475. The ADT7475 has two additional configuration registers. The ADT7475 has other minor register changes. The ADT7475 is similar to the ADT7473 in that it is powered by a supply no greater than 3.6 V. Exceeding this FRONT CHASSIS FAN REAR CHASSIS FAN PWM3 D2+ TACH3 D2− THERM AMBIENT TEMPERATURE CPU FAN ADT7475 PWM1 TACH2 TACH1 PROCHOT CPU SDA D1+ SCL D1− SMBALERT GND ICH Figure 12. ADT7475 Configuration Serial Bus Interface because a low-to-high transition when the clock is high may be interpreted as a stop signal. The number of data bytes that can be transmitted over the serial bus in a single read or write operation is limited only by what the master and slave devices can handle. When all data bytes are read or written, stop conditions are established. In write mode, the master pulls the data line high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition. In read mode, the master device overrides the acknowledge bit by pulling the data line high during the low period before the ninth clock pulse; this is known as no acknowledge. The master takes the data line low during the low period before On PCs and servers, control of the ADT7475 is carried out using the SMBus. The ADT7475 is connected to this bus as a slave device under the control of a master controller, which is usually (but not necessarily) the ICH. The ADT7475 has a fixed 7-bit serial bus address of 0101110 or 0x2E. The read/write bit must be added to get the 8-bit address (01011100 or 0x5C). Data is sent over the serial bus in sequences of nine clock pulses, that is, eight bits of data followed by an acknowledge bit from the slave device. Transitions on the data line must occur during the low period of the clock signal and remain stable during the high period http://onsemi.com 8 ADT7475 stored in the address pointer register. The second data byte is the data to write to the internal data register. When reading data from a register, there are two possibilities: 1. If the ADT7475 address pointer register value is unknown or not the desired value, it must first be set to the correct value before data can be read from the desired data register. This is done by performing a write to the ADT7475 as before, but only the data byte containing the register address is sent, because no data is written to the register see Figure 14. A read operation is then performed consisting of the serial bus address; the R/W bit set to 1, followed by the data byte read from the data register see Figure 15. 2. If the address pointer register is known to be already at the desired address, data can be read from the corresponding data register without first writing to the address pointer register see Figure 15. the tenth clock pulse, and then high during the tenth clock pulse to assert a stop condition. Any number of bytes of data can be transferred over the serial bus in one operation, but it is not possible to mix read and write in one operation because the type of operation is determined at the beginning and cannot subsequently be changed without starting a new operation. In the ADT7475, write operations contain either one or two bytes, and read operations contain one byte. To write data to one of the device data registers or read data from it, the address pointer register must be set so that the correct data register is addressed, and then data can be written to that register or read from it. The first byte of a write operation always contains an address that is stored in the address pointer register. If data is to be written to the device, the write operation contains a second data byte that is written to the register selected by the address pointer register. This write operation is shown in Figure 13. The device address is sent over the bus, and then R/W is set to 0. This is followed by two data bytes. The first data byte is the address of the internal data register to write to, which is 1 9 9 1 SCL 0 SDA 1 START BY MASTER 0 1 1 0 1 R/W D7 FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE ACK. BY ADT7475 1 9 SCL (CONTINUED) SDA (CONTINUED) D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK. BY STOP BY ADT7475 MASTER FRAME 3 DATA BYTE Figure 13. Writing a Register Address to the Address Pointer Register, then Writing Data to the Selected Register 1 9 9 1 SCL SDA 0 START BY MASTER 1 0 1 1 1 0 FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE D7 R/W ACK. BY ADT7475 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 ACK. BY ADT7475 FRAME 2 ADDRESS POINTER REGISTER BYTE STOP BY MASTER Figure 14. Writing to the Address Pointer Register Only 9 1 1 9 SCL SDA START BY MASTER 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 FRAME 1 SERIAL BUS ADDRESS BYTE D7 R/W ACK. BY ADT7475 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 NO ACK. BY MASTER FRAME 2 DATA BYTE FROM ADT7475 Figure 15. Reading Data from a Previously Selected Register http://onsemi.com 9 STOP BY MASTER ADT7475 Write Byte It is possible to read a data byte from a data register without first writing to the address pointer register if the address pointer register is already at the correct value. However, it is not possible to write data to a register without writing to the address pointer register because the first data byte of a write is always written to the address pointer register. In addition to supporting the send byte and receive byte protocols, the ADT7475 also supports the read byte protocol (for more information, see System Management Bus Specifications Rev. 2.0, available from Intel). If several read or write operations must be performed in succession, the master can send a repeat start condition instead of a stop condition to begin a new operation. In this operation, the master device sends a command byte and one data byte to the slave device as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master sends a command code. 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master sends a data byte. 7. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 8. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. The byte write operation is shown in Figure 17. Write Operations The SMBus specification defines several protocols for different types of read and write operations. The ones used in the ADT7475 are discussed in this section. The following abbreviations are used in the diagrams: S − Start P − Stop R − Read W − Write A − Acknowledge A − No acknowledge The ADT7475 uses the following SMBus write protocols. 1 S SLAVE W A ADDRESS 4 5 6 REGISTER ADDRESS A P 5 A 6 7 8 DATA A P The ADT7475 uses the following SMBus read protocols. Receive Byte This operation is useful when repeatedly reading a single register. The register address must be set up previously. In this operation, the master device receives a single byte from a slave device as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the read bit (high). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master receives a data byte. 5. The master asserts NO ACK on SDA. 6. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA, and the transaction ends. In the ADT7475, the receive byte protocol is used to read a single byte of data from a register whose address has previously been set by a send byte or write byte operation. This operation is shown in Figure 18. For the ADT7475, the send byte protocol is used to write a register address to RAM for a subsequent single-byte read from the same address. This operation is shown in Figure 16. 3 4 REGISTER ADDRESS Read Operations In this operation, the master device sends a single command byte to a slave device as follows: 1. The master device asserts a start condition on SDA. 2. The master sends the 7-bit slave address followed by the write bit (low). 3. The addressed slave device asserts ACK on SDA. 4. The master sends a command code. 5. The slave asserts ACK on SDA. 6. The master asserts a stop condition on SDA and the transaction ends. 2 3 Figure 17. Single-byte Write to a Register Send Byte 1 2 SLAVE S ADDRESS W A 1 2 3 SLAVE S ADDRESS R A 4 5 6 DATA A P Figure 18. Single-byte Read from a Register Figure 16. Setting a Register Address for Subsequent Read Alert Response Address Alert response address (ARA) is a feature of SMBus devices that allows an interrupting device to identify itself to the host when multiple devices exist on the same bus. The SMBALERT output can be used as either an interrupt output or an SMBALERT. One or more outputs can be connected to a common SMBALERT line connected to the If the master is required to read data from the register immediately after setting up the address, it can assert a repeat start condition immediately after the final ACK and carry out a single-byte read without asserting an intermediate stop condition. http://onsemi.com 10 ADT7475 measurement of VCCP without any external components. To allow for the tolerance of the supply voltage, the ADC produces an output of 3/4 full scale (decimal 768 or 300 hex) for the nominal input voltage and so has adequate headroom to deal with overvoltages. master. If a device’s SMBALERT line goes low, the following events occur: 1. SMBALERT is pulled low. 2. The master initiates a read operation and sends the alert response address (ARA = 0001 100). This general call address must not be used as a specific device address. 3. The device whose SMBALERT output is low responds to the alert response address, and the master reads its device address. The address of the device is now known and can be interrogated in the usual way. 4. If more than one device’s SMBALERT output is low, the one with the lowest device address has priority in accordance with normal SMBus arbitration. 5. Once the ADT7475 has responded to the alert response address, the master must read the status registers, and the SMBALERT is cleared only if the error condition has gone away. Input Circuitry The internal structure for the VCCP analog input is shown in Figure 19. The input circuit consists of an input protection diode, an attenuator, and a capacitor to form a first-order, low-pass filter that gives the input immunity to high frequency noise. 52.5 kW Table 6. VOLTAGE MEASUREMENT REGISTERS The ADT7475 includes an SMBus timeout feature. If there is no SMBus activity for 35 ms, the ADT7475 assumes that the bus is locked and releases the bus. This prevents the device from locking or holding the SMBus expecting data. Some SMBus controllers cannot handle the SMBus timeout feature, so it can be disabled. Register Description Default 0x21 VCCP Reading 0x00 0x22 VCCP Reading 0x00 VCCP Limit Registers Associated with the VCCP measurement channel is a high and low limit register. Exceeding the programmed high or low limit causes the appropriate status bit to be set. Exceeding either limit can also generate SMBALERT interrupts. Table 5. CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 (REG. 0X40) TODIS 35 pF Figure 19. Structure of Analog Inputs SMBus Timeout Bit 17.5 kW VCCP Description 0: SMBus Timeout Enabled (Default) 1: SMBus Timeout Disabled Table 7. VCCP LIMIT REGISTERS Register Virus Protection To prevent rogue programs or viruses from accessing critical ADT7475 register settings, the lock bit can be set. Setting Bit 1 of Configuration Register 1 (0x40) sets the lock bit and locks critical registers. In this mode, certain registers can no longer be written to until the ADT7475 is powered down and powered up again. For more information on which registers are locked, see the Register Tables section. Description Default 0x46 VCCP Low Limit 0x00 0x47 VCCP High Limit 0xFF Table 10 shows the input ranges of the analog inputs and output codes of the 10-bit ADC. When the ADC is running, it samples and converts a voltage input in 711Ăms and averages 16 conversions to reduce noise; a measurement takes nominally 11.38 ms. Extended Resolution Registers Voltage Measurement Input Voltage measurements can be made with higher accuracy using the extended resolution registers (0x76 and 0x77). Whenever the extended resolution registers are read, the corresponding data in the voltage measurement registers is locked until their data is read. That is, if extended resolution is required, then the extended resolution register must be read first, immediately followed by the appropriate voltage measurement register. The ADT7475 has one external voltage measurement channel. It can also measure its own supply voltage, VCC. Pin 14 can measure VCCP. The VCC supply voltage measurement is carried out through the VCC pin (Pin 3). The VCCP input can be used to monitor a chipset supply voltage in computer systems. Analog-to-Digital Converter All analog inputs are multiplexed into the on-chip, successive approximation, analog-to-digital converter. This has a resolution of 10 bits. The basic input range is 0 V to 2.25 V, but the input has built-in attenuators to allow Additional ADC Functions for Voltage Measurements A number of other functions are available on the ADT7475 to offer the system designer increased flexibility. http://onsemi.com 11 ADT7475 Turn-off Averaging channel is selected by writing to Bits of the TACH1 minimum high byte register (0x55). For each voltage measurement read from a value register, 16 readings have been made internally, and the results averaged, before being placed into the value register. For instances where faster conversions are needed, setting Bit 4 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) turns averaging off. This effectively gives a reading 16 times faster (711 ms), but the reading may be noisier. Table 8. SINGLE-CHANNEL ADC CONVERSION Register 0x55, Bits Bypass Voltage Input Attenuator Setting Bit 5 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) removes the attenuation circuitry from the VCCP input. This allows the user to directly connect external sensors or to rescale the analog voltage measurement inputs for other applications. The input range of the ADC without the attenuators is 0 V to 2.25 V. Channel Selected 001 VCCP 010 VCC 101 Remote 1 Temperature 110 Local Temperature 111 Remote 2 Temperature Table 9. CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 (REG. 0X73) Bit Single-Channel ADC Conversion Setting Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) places the ADT7475 into single-channel ADC conversion mode. In this mode, the ADT7475 can be made to read a single voltage channel only. If the internal ADT7475 clock is used, the selected input is read every 711Ăms. The appropriate ADC Description 1: Averaging Off 1: Bypass Input Attenuators 1: Single-channel Convert Mode TACH1 Minimum High Byte (0x55) Bits select the ADC channel for single-channel convert mode. Table 10. 10-BIT ADC OUTPUT CODE VS. VIN ADC Output VCC (3.3 VIN) (Note 1) VCCP Decimal Binary (10 Bits) 2.9970 1023 11111111 11 1. The VCC output codes listed assume that VCC is 3.3 V and that VCC should never exceed 3.6 V. http://onsemi.com 12 ADT7475 Temperature Measurement Method However, this exceeds the operating temperature range of the device, so local temperature measurements outside the ADT7475 operating temperature range are not possible. Local Temperature Measurement The ADT7475 contains an on-chip band gap temperature sensor whose output is digitized by the on-chip, 10-bit ADC. The 8-bit MSB temperature data is stored in the temperature registers (0x25, 0x26, and 0x27). Because both positive and negative temperatures can be measured, the temperature data is stored in Offset 64 format or twos complement format, as shown in Table 11 and Table 12. Theoretically, the temperature sensor and ADC can measure temperatures from −128°C to +127°C (or −64°C to +191°C in the extended temperature range) with a resolution of 0.25°C. I CPU THERMDA REMOTE SENSING TRANSISTOR N×I Remote Temperature Measurement The ADT7475 can measure the temperature of two remote diode sensors or diode-connected transistors connected to Pin 10 and Pin 11 or to Pin 12 and Pin 13. The forward voltage of a diode or diode-connected transistor operated at a constant current exhibits a negative temperature coefficient of about –2 mV/°C. Because the absolute value of VBE varies from device to device and individual calibration is required to null this out, the technique is unsuitable for mass production. VDD IBIAS D+ VOUT+ To ADC THERMDC D− VOUT− BIAS DIODE LOW-PASS FILTER fC = 65 kHz Figure 20. Signal Conditioning for Remote Diode Temperature Sensors To measure DVBE, the sensor is switched between operating currents of I and N × I. The resulting waveform is passed through a 65 kHz low-pass filter to remove noise and to a chopper stabilized amplifier that performs the functions of amplification and rectification of the waveform to produce a dc voltage proportional to DVBE. This voltage is measured by the ADC to give a temperature output in 10-bit, twos complement format. To further reduce the effects of noise, digital filtering is performed by averaging the results of 16 measurement cycles. A remote temperature measurement takes nominally 38 ms. The results of remote temperature measurements are stored in 10-bit, twos complement format, as shown in Table 11. The extra resolution for the temperature measurements is held in the Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77). This gives temperature readings with a resolution of 0.25°C. The technique used in the ADT7475 is to measure the change in VBE when the device is operated at two different currents. This is given by: DV BE + kTńq ln(N) (eq. 1) where: k is Boltzmann’s constant. q is the charge on the carrier. T is the absolute temperature in Kelvins. N is the ratio of the two currents. Figure 20 shows the input signal conditioning used to measure the output of a remote temperature sensor. This figure shows the external sensor as a substrate transistor, provided for temperature monitoring on some microprocessors. It could also be a discrete transistor such as a 2N3904/2N3906. If a discrete transistor is used, the collector is not grounded and should be linked to the base. If a PNP transistor is used, the base is connected to the D− input and the emitter to the D+ input. If an NPN transistor is used, the emitter is connected to the D− input and the base to the D+ input. Figure 21 and Figure 22 show how to connect the ADT7475 to an NPN or PNP transistor for temperature measurement. To prevent ground noise from interfering with the measurement, the more negative terminal of the sensor is not referenced to ground but is biased above ground by an internal diode at the D input. Noise Filtering For temperature sensors operating in noisy environments, previous practice was to place a capacitor across the D+ pin and D− pin to help combat the effects of noise. However, large capacitance’s affect the accuracy of the temperature measurement, leading to a recommended maximum capacitor value of 1,000 pF. This capacitor reduces the noise but does not eliminate it. Sometimes, this sensor noise is a problem in a very noisy environment. In most cases, a capacitor is not required http://onsemi.com 13 ADT7475 because differential inputs, by their very nature, have a high immunity to noise. algebraic sum of these offsets must be programmed to the offset register. If a discrete transistor is used with the ADT7475, the best accuracy is obtained by choosing devices according to the following criteria: • Base-emitter voltage greater than 0.25ĂV at 11ĂmA, at the highest operating temperature. • Base-emitter voltage less than 0.95ĂV at 180ĂmA, at the lowest operating temperature. • Base resistance less than 100 W. • Small variation in hFE (approximately 50 to 150) that indicates tight control of VBE characteristics. ADT7475 2N3904 NPN D+ D− Figure 21. Measuring Temperature by Using an NPN Transistor ADT7475 2N3906 PNP D+ Transistors, such as 2N3904, 2N3906, or equivalents in SOT−23 packages, are suitable devices to use. D− Figure 22. Measuring Temperature by Using a PNP Transistor Table 11. TWOS COMPLEMENT TEMPERATURE DATA FORMAT Factors Affecting Diode Accuracy Temperature Remote Sensing Diode The ADT7475 is designed to work with either substrate transistors built into processors or with discrete transistors. Substrate transistors are generally PNP types with the collector connected to the substrate. Discrete types can be either PNP or NPN transistors connected as a diode (base-shorted to the collector). If an NPN transistor is used, the collector and base are connected to D+ and the emitter to D−. If a PNP transistor is used, the collector and base are connected to D− and the emitter is connected to D+. To reduce the error due to variations in both substrate and discrete transistors, a number of factors should be taken into consideration: • The ideality factor, nf, of the transistor is a measure of the deviation of the thermal diode from ideal behavior. The ADT7475 is trimmed for an nf value of 1.008. Use the following equation to calculate the error introduced at a temperature, T (°C), when using a transistor whose nf does not equal 1.008. See the processor data sheet for the nf values. DT + ǒn f * 1.008Ǔ • ǒ273.15 k ) TǓ Digital Output (10-bit) (Note 1) –128°C 1000 0000 00 (Diode Fault) –63°C 1100 0001 00 –50°C 1100 1110 00 –25°C 1110 0111 00 –10°C 1111 0110 00 0°C 0000 0000 00 10.25°C 0000 1010 01 25.5°C 0001 1001 10 50.75°C 0011 0010 11 75°C 0100 1011 00 100°C 0110 0100 00 125°C 0111 1101 00 127°C 0111 1111 00 1. Bold numbers denote 2 LSBs of measurement in the Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77) with 0.25°C resolution. Table 12. EXTENDED RANGE, TEMPERATURE DATA FORMAT Temperature (eq. 2) To factor this in, the user can write the DT value to the offset register. The ADT7475 automatically adds it to or subtracts it from the temperature measurement. Some CPU manufacturers specify the high and low current levels of the substrate transistors. The high current level of the ADT7475, IHIGH, is 180ĂmA and the low level current, ILOW, is 11ĂmA. If the ADT7475 current levels do not match the current levels specified by the CPU manufacturer, it might be necessary to remove an offset. The CPU’s data sheet advises whether this offset needs to be removed and how to calculate it. This offset can be programmed to the offset register. If more than one offset must be considered, the Digital Output (10-bit) (Note 1) –64°C 0000 0000 00 (Diode Fault) –63°C 0000 0001 00 –1°C 0011 1111 00 0°C 0100 0000 00 1°C 0100 0001 00 10°C 0100 1010 00 25°C 0101 1001 00 50°C 0111 0010 00 75°C 1000 1001 00 100°C 1010 0100 00 125°C 1011 1101 00 191°C 1111 1111 00 1. Bold numbers denote 2 LSBs of measurement in the Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77) with 0.25°C resolution. http://onsemi.com 14 ADT7475 Nulling Out Temperature Errors Temperature Measurement Limit Registers As CPUs run faster, it is more difficult to avoid high frequency clocks when routing the D+/D– traces around a system board. Even when recommended layout guidelines are followed, some temperature errors can still be attributable to noise coupled onto the D+/D– lines. Constant high frequency noise usually attenuates, or increases, temperature measurements by a linear, constant value. The ADT7475 has two temperature offset registers, Register 0x70 and Register 0x72, for the Remote 1 and Remote 2 temperature channels. By doing a one-time calibration of the system, the user can determine the offset caused by system board noise and null it out using the offset registers. The offset registers automatically add a twos complement 8-bit reading to every temperature measurement. Changing Bit 1 of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C) changes the resolution and therefore the range of the temperature offset as either having a range of –63°C to +127°C, with a resolution of 1°C, or having a range of −63°C to +64°C, with a resolution of 0.5°C. This temperature offset can be used to compensate for linear temperature errors introduced by noise. Associated with each temperature measurement channel are high and low limit registers. Exceeding the programmed high or low limit causes the appropriate status bit to be set. Exceeding either limit can also generate SMBALERT interrupts (depending on the way the interrupt mask register is programmed and assuming that SMBALERT is set as an output on the appropriate pin). Table 16. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT LIMIT REGISTERS Description Default 0x70 Remote 1 Temperature Offset 0x00 (0°C) 0x71 Local Temperature Offset 0x00 (0°C) 0x72 Remote 2 Temperature Offset 0x00 (0°C) By setting Bit 0 of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C), all temperature measurements are stored in the zone temperature value registers (0x25, 0x26, and 0x27) in twos complement in the range −128°C to +127°C. The temperature limits must be reprogrammed in twos complement. If a twos complement temperature below −128°C is entered, the temperature is clamped to −128°C. In this mode, the diode fault condition remains −128°C = 1000 0000, while in the extended temperature range (−64°C to +191°C), the fault condition is represented by −64°C = 0000 0000. Default 0x25 Remote 1 Temperature − 0x26 Local Temperature − 0x27 Remote 2 Temperature − 0x77 Extended Resolution 2 0x00 Mnemonic TDM2 Remote 2 Temperature LSBs LTMP Local Temperature LSBs TDM1 Remote 1 Temperature LSBs 0x4F Remote 1 Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x50 Local Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x51 Local Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x52 Remote 2 Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x53 Remote 2 Temperature High Limit 0x7F A number of other functions are available on the ADT7475 to offer the system designer increased flexibility. Turn-off Averaging For each temperature measurement read from a value register, 16 readings have actually been made internally, and the results averaged, before being placed into the value register. Sometimes it is necessary to take a very fast measurement. Setting Bit 4 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) turns averaging off. The default round-robin cycle time takes 146.5 ms. Table 17. CONVERSION TIME WITH AVERAGING DISABLED Channel Table 15. EXTENDED RESOLUTION TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT REGISTER BITS Bit 0x81 Additional ADC Functions for Temperature Measurement Table 14. TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT REGISTERS Description Default Remote 1 Temperature Low Limit It is important to note that temperature can be read from the ADT7475 as an 8-bit value (with 1°C resolution) or as a 10-bit value (with 0.25°C resolution). If only 1°C resolution is required, the temperature readings can be read back at any time and in no particular order. If the 10-bit measurement is required, this involves a two-register read for each measurement. The Extended Resolution Register 2 (0x77) should be read first. This causes all temperature reading registers to be frozen until all temperature reading registers have been read from. This prevents an MSB reading from being updated while its two LSBs are being read and vice versa. ADT7463/ADT7475 Backwards Compatible Mode Register Description 0x4E Reading Temperature from the ADT7475 Table 13. TEMPERATURE OFFSET REGISTERS Register Register Voltage Channels Description 0.7 Remote Temperature 1 7 Remote Temperature 2 7 Local Temperature http://onsemi.com 15 Measurement Time (ms) 1.3 ADT7475 When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is set, the default round-robin cycle time increases to 240 ms. THERM LIMIT TEMPERATURE Table 18. CONVERSION TIME WITH AVERAGING ENABLED Channel Measurement Time (ms) Voltage Channels 11 Remote Temperature 1 39 Remote Temperature 2 39 Local Temperature 12 FANS THERM can be disabled on specific temperature channels using Bits of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C). THERM can also be disabled by: • In Offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM Temperature Limit. • In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM Temperature Limit. Setting Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) places the ADT7475 into single-channel ADC conversion mode. In this mode, the ADT7475 can be made to read a single temperature channel only. The appropriate ADC channel is selected by writing to Bits of the TACH1 minimum high byte register (0x55). Limits, Status Registers, and Interrupts Limit Values Table 19. PROGRAMMING SINGLE-CHANNEL ADC MODE FOR TEMPERATURES Associated with each measurement channel on the ADT7475 are high and low limits. These can form the basis of system status monitoring; a status bit can be set for any out-of-limit condition and detected by polling the device. Alternatively, SMBALERT interrupts can be generated to flag out-of-limit conditions to a processor or microcontroller. Channel Selected 101 Remote 1 Temperature 110 Local Temperature 111 Remote 2 Temperature 100% Figure 23. THERM Temperature Limit Operation Single-channel ADC Conversions Register 0x55, Bits HYSTERESIS (°C) 8-bit Limits Configuration Register 2 (0x73) The following is a list of 8-bit limits on the ADT7475. Bit = 1, Averaging off Bit = 1, Single-channel Convert Mode Table 20. VOLTAGE LIMIT REGISTERS Register TACH1 Minimum High Byte Register ( 0x55) Bits select the ADC channel for single-channel convert mode. Overtemperature Events Overtemperature events on any of the temperature channels can be detected and dealt with automatically in automatic fan speed control mode. Register 0x6A to Register 0x6C are the THERM temperature limit registers. When a temperature exceeds its THERM temperature limit, all PWM outputs run at the maximum PWM duty cycle (Register 0x38, Register 0x39, and Register 0x3A). This effectively runs the fans at the fastest allowed speed. The fans run at this speed until the temperature drops below THERM minus hysteresis. This can be disabled by setting the boost bit in Configuration Register 3 (0x78), Bit 2. The hysteresis value for the THERM temperature limit is the value programmed into Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E (hysteresis registers). The default hysteresis value is 4°C. Description Default 0x46 VCCP Low Limit 0x00 0x47 VCCP High Limit 0xFF 0x48 VCC Low Limit 0x00 0x49 VCC High Limit 0xFF Table 21. TEMPERATURE LIMIT REGISTERS Register Description Default 0x4E Remote 1 Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x4F Remote 1 Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x6A Remote 1 THERM Temp. Limit 0x64 0x50 Local Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x51 Local Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x6B Local THERM Temperature Limit 0x64 0x52 Remote 2 Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x53 Remote 2 Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x6C Remote 2 THERM Temp. Limit 0x64 Table 22. THERM LIMIT REGISTERS Register 0x7A http://onsemi.com 16 Description THERM Timer Limit Default 0x00 ADT7475 16-bit Limits of interest, because the most recently measured value of any input can be read out at any time. For applications where the monitoring cycle time is important, it can easily be calculated. The total number of channels measured is • One Dedicated Supply Voltage Input (VCCP Pin) • Supply Voltage (VCC Pin) • Local Temperature • Two Remote Temperatures The fan TACH measurements are 16-bit results. The fan TACH limits are also 16 bits, consisting of a high byte and low byte. Because fans running under speed or stalled are normally the only conditions of interest, only high limits exist for fan TACHs. Because the fan TACH period is actually being measured, exceeding the limit indicates a slow or stalled fan. Table 23. FAN LIMIT REGISTERS Register Description Default 0x54 TACH1 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x55 TACH1 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x56 TACH2 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x57 TACH2 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x58 TACH3 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x59 TACH3 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x5A TACH4 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x5B TACH4 Minimum High Byte 0xFF As mentioned previously, the ADC performs round-robin conversions. The total monitoring cycle time for averaged voltage and temperature monitoring is 146 ms. The total monitoring cycle time for voltage and temperature monitoring with averaging disabled is 19 ms. The ADT7475 is a derivative of the ADT7467. As a result, the total conversion time in the ADT7475 is the same as the total conversion time of the ADT7467. Fan TACH measurements are made in parallel and are not synchronized with the analog measurements in any way. Out-of-Limit Comparisons Interrupt Status Registers Once all limits have been programmed, the ADT7475 can be enabled for monitoring. The ADT7475 measures all voltage and temperature measurements in round-robin format and sets the appropriate status bit for out-of-limit conditions. TACH measurements are not part of this round-robin cycle. Comparisons are done differently, depending on whether the measured value is being compared to a high or low limit. The results of limit comparisons are stored in Interrupt Status Register 1 and Interrupt Status Register 2. The status register bit for each channel reflects the status of the last measurement and limit comparison on that channel. If a measurement is within limits, the corresponding status register bit is cleared to 0. If the measurement is out-of-limits, the corresponding status register bit is set to 1. The state of the various measurement channels can be polled by reading the status registers over the serial bus. In Bit 7 (OOL) of Interrupt Status Register 1 (0x41), 1 means that an out-of-limit event has been flagged in Interrupt Status Register 2. This means that the user needs only to read Interrupt Status Register 2 when this bit is set. Alternatively, Pin 5 or Pin 9 can be configured as an SMBALERT output. This automatically notifies the system supervisor of an out-of-limit condition. Reading the status registers clears the appropriate status bit as long as the error condition that caused the interrupt has cleared. Status register bits are sticky. Whenever a status bit is set, indicating an out-of-limit condition, it remains set even if the event that caused it has gone away (until read). The only way to clear the status bit is to read the status register after the event has gone away. Interrupt status mask registers (0x74 and 0x75) allow individual interrupt sources to be masked from causing an SMBALERT. However, if one of these masked interrupt sources goes out-of-limit, its associated status bit is set in the interrupt status registers. High Limit > Comparison Performed Low Limit ≤ Comparison Performed Voltage and temperature channels use a window comparator for error detecting and, therefore, have high and low limits. Fan speed measurements use only a low limit. This fan limit is needed only in manual fan control mode. Analog Monitoring Cycle Time The analog monitoring cycle begins when a 1 is written to the start bit (Bit 0) of Configuration Register 1 (0x40). By default, the ADT7475 powers up with this bit set. The ADC measures each analog input in turn and, as each measurement is completed, the result is automatically stored in the appropriate value register. This round-robin monitoring cycle continues unless disabled by writing a 0 to Bit 0 of Configuration Register 1. As the ADC is normally left to free-run in this manner, the time taken to monitor all the analog inputs is normally not http://onsemi.com 17 ADT7475 Figure 24 shows how the SMBALERT output and sticky status bits behave. Once a limit is exceeded, the corresponding status bit is set to 1. The status bit remains set until the error condition subsides and the status register is read. The status bits are referred to as sticky because they remain set until read by software. This ensures that an out-of-limit event cannot be missed if software is polling the device periodically. Note that the SMBALERT output remains low for the entire duration that a reading is out-of-limit and until the interrupt status register has been read. This has implications for how software handles the interrupt. Table 24. INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER 1 (REG. 0X41) Bit Mnemonic Description 7 OOL 1 denotes that a bit in Status Register 2 is set and that Interrupt Status Register 2 should be read. 6 R2T 1 indicates that the Remote 2 Temperature High or Low Limit has been exceeded. 5 LT 4 R1T 1 indicates that the Remote 1 Temperature High or Low Limit has been exceeded. 2 VCC 1 indicates that the VCC High or Low Limit has been exceeded. 1 VCCP 1 indicates that the VCCP High or Low Limit has been exceeded. 1 indicates that the Local Temperature High or Low Limit has been exceeded. Handling SMBALERT Interrupts To prevent the system from being tied up servicing interrupts, it is recommended to handle the SMBALERT interrupt as follows: 1. Detect the SMBALERT assertion. 2. Enter the interrupt handler. 3. Read the status registers to identify the interrupt source. 4. Mask the interrupt source by setting the appropriate mask bit in the interrupt mask registers (0x74 and 0x75). 5. Take the appropriate action for a given interrupt source. 6. Exit the interrupt handler. 7. Periodically poll the status registers. If the interrupt status bit has cleared, reset the corresponding interrupt mask bit to 0. This causes the SMBALERT output and status bits to behave as shown in Figure 25. Table 25. INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER 2 (REG. 0X42) Bit Mnemonic Description 7 D2 1 indicates an open or short on D2+/D2− inputs. 6 D1 1 indicates an open or short on D1+/D1− inputs. 5 F4P 1 indicates that Fan 4 has dropped below minimum speed. Alternatively, indicates that THERM timer limit has been exceeded, if the THERM function is used. 4 FAN3 1 indicates that Fan 3 has dropped below minimum speed. 3 FAN2 1 indicates that Fan 2 has dropped below minimum speed. 2 FAN1 1 indicates that Fan 1 has dropped below minimum speed. 1 OVT 1 indicates that a THERM overtemperature limit has been exceeded. HIGH LIMIT TEMPERATURE “STICKY” STATUS BIT SMBALERT Interrupt Behavior The ADT7475 can be polled for status, or an SMBALERT interrupt can be generated for out-of-limit conditions. Note how the SMBALERT output and status bits behave when writing interrupt handler software. SMBALERT CLEARED ON READ (TEMP BELOW LIMIT) TEMP BACK IN LIMIT (STATUS BIT STAYS SET) INTERRUPT MASK BIT SET INTERRUPT MASK BIT CLEARED (SMBALERT RE-ARMED) HIGH LIMIT TEMPERATURE Figure 25. How Masking the Interrupt Source Affects SMBALERT Output “STICKY” STATUS BIT Masking Interrupt Sources CLEARED ON READ Interrupt Mask Register 1 (0x74) and Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) allow individual interrupt sources to be masked out to prevent SMBALERT interrupts. Note that masking an interrupt source prevents only the SMBALERT output from being asserted; the appropriate status bit is set normally. (TEMP BELOW LIMIT) TEMP BACK IN LIMIT SMBALERT (STATUS BIT STAYS SET) Figure 24. SMBALERT and Status Bit Behavior http://onsemi.com 18 ADT7475 Once Pin 9 is configured as THERM, it must be enabled (Bit 1, Configuration Register 3 (0x78)). Table 26. INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 1 (REG. 0X74) Bit Mnemonic Description 7 OOL 1 masks SMBALERT for any alert condition flagged in Interrupt Status Register 2. 6 R2T 1 masks SMBALERT for Remote 2 temperature. 5 LT 4 R1T 1 masks SMBALERT for Remote 1 temperature. 2 VCC 1 masks SMBALERT for the VCC channel. 0 VCCP 1 masks SMBALERT for the VCCP channel. THERM as an Input When THERM is configured as an input, the user can time assertions on the THERM pin. This can be useful for connecting to the PROCHOT output of a CPU to gauge system performance. The user can also set up the ADT7475 so that, when the THERM pin is driven low externally, the fans run at 100%. The fans run at 100% for the duration of the time that the THERM pin is pulled low. This is done by setting the BOOST bit (Bit 2) in Configuration Register 3 (0x78) to 1. This works only if the fan is already running, for example, in manual mode when the current duty cycle is above 0x00 or in automatic mode when the temperature is above TMIN. If the temperature is below TMIN or if the duty cycle in manual mode is set to 0x00, pulling the THERM low externally has no effect. See Figure 26 for more information. 1 masks SMBALERT for Local temperature. Table 27. INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 2 (REG. 0X75) Bit Mnemonic Description 7 D2 1 masks SMBALERT for Diode 2 errors. 6 D1 1 masks SMBALERT for Diode 1 errors. 5 FAN4 1 masks SMBALERT for Fan 4 failure. If the TACH4 pin is being used as the THERM input, this bit masks SMBALERT for a THERM event. 4 FAN3 1 masks SMBALERT for Fan 3. 3 FAN2 1 masks SMBALERT for Fan 2. 2 FAN1 1 masks SMBALERT for Fan 1. 1 OVT 1 masks SMBALERT for overtemperature (exceeding THERM limits). TMIN THERM THERM ASSERTED TO LOW AS AN INPUT: FANS DO NOT GO TO 100% BECAUSE TEMPERATURE IS BELOW TMIN Enabling the SMBALERT Interrupt Output Figure 26. Asserting THERM Low as an Input in Automatic Fan Speed Control Mode The SMBALERT interrupt function is disabled by default. Pin 5 or Pin 9 can be reconfigured as an SMBALERT output to signal out-of-limit conditions. THERM Timer The ADT7475 has an internal timer to measure THERM assertion time. For example, the THERM input can be connected to the PROCHOT output of a Pentium® 4 CPU to measure system performance. The THERM input can also be connected to the output of a trip point temperature sensor. The timer is started on the assertion of the ADT7475’s THERM input and stopped when THERM is un-asserted. The timer counts THERM times cumulatively, that is, the timer resumes counting on the next THERM assertion. The THERM timer continues to accumulate THERM assertion times until the timer is read (it is cleared on read) or until it reaches full scale. If the counter reaches full scale, it stops at that reading until cleared. The 8-bit THERM timer status register (0x79) is designed so that the Bit 0 is set to 1 on the first THERM assertion. Once the cumulative THERM assertion time has exceeded 45.52 ms, Bit 1 of the THERM timer is set and Bit 0 becomes the LSB of the timer with a resolution of 22.76 ms, see Figure 27. Table 28. CONFIGURING PIN 5 AS SMBALERT OUTPUT Register Bit Setting Configuration Register 3 (Reg. 0x78) ALERT Enable = 1 Assigning THERM Functionality to a Pin Pin 9 on the ADT7475 has four possible functions: SMBALERT, THERM, GPIO, and TACH4. The user chooses the required functionality by setting Bit 0 and Bit 1 of Configuration Register 4 (0x7D). Table 29. PIN 9 CONFIGURATION Bit 1 Bit 0 0 0 TACH4 0 1 THERM 1 0 SMBALERT 1 1 GPIO THERM ASSERTED TO LOW AS AN INPUT: FANS DO NOT GO TO 100% BECAUSE TEMPERATURE IS ABOVE TMIN AND FANS ARE ALREADY RUNNING. Function http://onsemi.com 19 ADT7475 When using the THERM timer, be aware of the following. After a THERM timer read (Register 0x79), the following happens: 1. The contents of the timer are cleared on read. 2. The F4P bit (Bit 5) of Interrupt Status Register 2 needs to be cleared (assuming that the THERM timer limit has been exceeded). THERM THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM ASSERTED ≤22.76 ms If the THERM timer is read during a THERM assertion, the following happens: 1. The contents of the timer are cleared. 2. Bit 0 of the THERM timer is set to 1 (because a THERM assertion is occurring). 3. The THERM timer increments from zero. 4. If the THERM timer limit (Register 0x7A) = 0x00, the F4P bit is set. THERM ACCUMULATE THERM LOW ASSERTION TIMES THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM ASSERTED ≥45.52 ms Generating SMBALERT Interrupts from A THERM Timer Events THERM The ADT7475 can generate SMBALERTs when a programmable THERM timer limit has been exceeded. This allows the system designer to ignore brief, infrequent THERM assertions, while capturing longer THERM timer events. Register 0x7A is the THERM timer limit register. This 8-bit register allows a limit from 0 seconds (first THERM assertion) to 5.825 seconds to be set before an SMBALERT is generated. The THERM timer value is compared with the contents of the THERM timer limit register. ACCUMULATE THERM LOW ASSERTION TIMES THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM ASSERTED ≥113.8 ms (91.04 ms + 22.76 ms) Figure 27. Understanding the THERM Timer THERM TIMER LIMIT (REG. 0x7A) 2.914 s 1.457 s 728.32 ms 364.16 ms 182.08 ms 91.04 ms 45.52 ms 22.76 ms 2.914 s 1.457 s 728.32 ms 364.16 ms 182.08 ms 91.04 ms 45.52 ms 22.76 ms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 THERM TIMER (REG. 0x79) THERM 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 THERM TIMER CLEARED ON READ COMPARATOR IN OUT LATCH F4P BIT (BIT 5) INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER 2 SMBALERT RESET CLEARED ON READ 1 = MASK F4P BIT (BIT 5) INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 2 (REG. 0x75) Figure 28. Functional Diagram of the ADT7475 THERM Monitoring Circuitry http://onsemi.com 20 ADT7475 If the THERM timer value exceeds the THERM timer limit value, then the F4P bit (Bit 5) of Interrupt Status Register 2 is set, and an SMBALERT is generated. Note that the F4P bit (Bit 5) of Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) masks out SMBALERTs if this bit is set to 1, although the F4P bit of Interrupt Status Register 2 is still set if the THERM timer limit is exceeded. Figure 28 is a functional block diagram of the THERM timer, limit, and associated circuitry. Writing a value of 0x00 to the THERM timer limit register (0x7A) causes SMBALERT to be generated on the first THERM assertion. A THERM timer limit value of 0x01 generates an SMBALERT once cumulative THERM assertions exceed 45.52 ms. Alternatively, OS- or BIOS-level software can time-stamp when the system is powered on. If an SMBALERT is generated due to the THERM timer limit being exceeded, another time-stamp can be taken. The difference in time can be calculated for a fixed THERM timer limit time. For example, if it takes one week for a THERM timer limit of 2.914 seconds to be exceeded and the next time it takes only one hour, this is an indication of a serious degradation in system performance. Configuring the THERM Pin as an Output In addition to monitoring THERM as an input, the ADT7475 can optionally drive THERM low as an output. In cases where PROCHOT is bidirectional, THERM can be used to throttle the processor by asserting PROCHOT. The user can pre-program system-critical thermal limits. If the temperature exceeds a thermal limit by 0.25°C, THERM asserts low. If the temperature is still above the thermal limit on the next monitoring cycle, THERM stays low. THERM remains asserted low until the temperature is equal to or below the thermal limit. Because the temperature for that channel is measured only once for every monitoring cycle, after THERM asserts, it is guaranteed to remain low for at least one monitoring cycle. The THERM pin can be configured to assert low if the Remote 1, local, or Remote 2 THERM temperature limit is exceeded by 0.25°C. The THERM temperature limit registers are at Register 0x6A, Register 0x6B, and Register 0x6C. Setting Bit 3 of Register 0x5F, Register 0x60, and Register 0x61 enables the THERM output feature for the Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperature channels, respectively. Figure 29 shows how the THERM pin asserts low as an output in the event of a critical over temperature. Configuring the THERM Behavior 1. Configure the relevant pin as the THERM timer input. Setting Bit 1 (THERM) of Configuration Register 3 (0x78) enables the THERM timer monitoring functionality. This is disabled on Pin 9 by default. Setting Bit 0 and Bit 1 (PIN9FUNC) of Configuration Register 4 (0x7D) enables THERM timer/output functionality on Pin 9 (Bit 1, THERM, of Configuration Register 3, must also be set). Pin 9 can also be used as TACH4. 2. Select the desired fan behavior for THERM timer events. Assuming that the fans are running, setting Bit 2 (BOOST bit) of Configuration Register 3 (0x78) causes all fans to run at 100% duty cycle whenever THERM is asserted. This allows fail-safe system cooling. If this bit is 0, the fans run at their current settings and are not affected by THERM events. If the fans are not already running when THERM is asserted, the fans do not run to full speed. 3. Select whether THERM timer events should generate SMBALERT interrupts. Bit 5 (F4P) of Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75), when set, masks out SMBALERTs when the THERM timer limit value is exceeded. This bit should be cleared if SMBALERTs based on THERM events are required. 4. Select a suitable THERM limit value. This value determines whether an SMBALERT is generated on the first THERM assertion or only if a cumulative THERM assertion time limit is exceeded. A value of 0x00 causes an SMBALERT to be generated on the first THERM assertion. 5. Select a THERM monitoring time. This value specifies how often OS- or BIOS-level software checks the THERM timer. For example, BIOS could read the THERM timer once an hour to determine the cumulative THERM assertion time. If, for example, the total THERM assertion time is 182.08 ms in Hour 2, and >2.914 s in Hour 3, this can indicate that system performance is degrading significantly because THERM is asserting more frequently on an hourly basis. THERM LIMIT 0.255C THERM LIMIT TEMP THERM MONITORING CYCLE Figure 29. Asserting THERM as an Output, Based on Tripping THERM Limits An alternative method of disabling THERM is to program the THERM temperature limit to 64°C or less in Offset 64 mode, or 128°C or less in twos complement mode; that is, for THERM temperature limit values less than 64°C or 128°C, respectively, THERM is disabled. http://onsemi.com 21 ADT7475 Enabling and Disabling THERM on Individual Channels voltage applied across the fan and, therefore, the maximum operating speed of the fan. Figure 30 shows how to drive a 3-wire fan using PWM control. THERM can be enabled/disabled for individual or combinations of temperature channels using Bits of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C). 12 V 12 V Setting Bit 0 of Configuration Register 7 (0x11) disables THERM hysteresis. If THERM hysteresis is enabled and THERM is disabled (Bit 2 of Configuration Register 4, 0x7D), the THERM pin does not assert low when a THERM event occurs. If THERM hysteresis is disabled and THERM is disabled (Bit 2 of Configuration Register 4, 0x7D, and assuming the appropriate pin is configured as THERM), the THERM pin asserts low when a THERM event occurs. If THERM and THERM hysteresis are both enabled, the THERM output asserts as expected. TACH 10 kW 10 kW 12 V FAN 4.7 kW ADT7475 1N4148 THERM Hysteresis 3.3 V 10 kW Q1 NDT3055L PWM Figure 30. Driving a 3-wire Fan Using an N-channel MOSFET THERM Operation in Manual Mode Figure 30 uses a 10 kW pullup resistor for the TACH signal. This assumes that the TACH signal is an open-collector from the fan. In all cases, the TACH signal from the fan must be kept below 3.6 V maximum to prevent damaging the ADT7475. If in doubt as to whether the fan used has an open-collector or totem pole TACH output, use one of the input signal conditioning circuits shown in the Fan Speed Measurement section. Figure 31 shows a fan drive circuit using an NPN transistor such as a general-purpose MMBT2222. While these devices are inexpensive, they tend to have much lower current handling capabilities and higher on resistance than MOSFETs. When choosing a transistor, care should be taken to ensure that it meets the fan’s current requirements. Ensure that the base resistor is chosen so that the transistor is saturated when the fan is powered on. Fan Drive Using PWM Control The ADT7475 uses pulse-width modulation (PWM) to control fan speed. This relies on varying the duty cycle (or on/off ratio) of a square wave applied to the fan to vary the fan speed. The external circuitry required to drive a fan using PWM control is extremely simple. For 4-wire fans, the PWM drive may need only a pullup resistor. In many cases, the 4-wire fan PWM input has a built-in pullup resistor. The ADT7475 PWM frequency can be set to a selection of low frequencies or a single high PWM frequency. The low frequency options are usually used for 3-wire fans, while the high frequency option is usually used with 4-wire fans. For 3-wire fans, a single N-channel MOSFET is the only drive device required. The specifications of the MOSFET depend on the maximum current required by the fan being driven. Typical notebook fans draw a nominal 170 mA, so SOT devices can be used where board space is a concern. In desktops, fans can typically draw 250 mA to 300 mA each. If several fans are driven in parallel from a single PWM output or drive larger server fans, the MOSFET must handle the higher current requirements. The only other stipulation is that the MOSFET should have a gate voltage drive, VGS < 3.3 V, for direct interfacing to the PWM output pin. The MOSFET should also have a low on resistance to ensure that there is not significant voltage drop across the FET, which would reduce the 12 V TACH 10 kW 10 kW TACH 4.7 kW ADT7475 12 V 12 V FAN 1N4148 In manual mode, THERM events do not cause fans to go to full speed, unless Bit 3 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is set to 1. Additionally, Bit 3 of Configuration Register 4 (0x7D) can be used to select PWM speed on THERM event (100% or maximum PWM). Bit 2 in Configuration Register 4 (0x7D) can be set to disable THERM events from affecting the fans. 3.3 V 665 W PWM Q1 MMBT2222 Figure 31. Driving a 3-wire Fan Using an NPN Transistor Because 4-wire fans are powered continuously, the fan speed is not switched on or off as with previous PWM driven/powered fans. This enables it to perform better than 3-wire fans, especially for high frequency applications. Figure 32 shows a typical drive circuit for 4-wire fans. http://onsemi.com 22 ADT7475 12 V 10 kW TACH ADT7475 12 V, 4-WIRE FAN 10 kW VCC TACH PWM TACH 4.7 kW Because the MOSFET can handle up to 3.5 A, it is simply a matter of connecting another fan directly in parallel with the first. Care should be taken in designing drive circuits with transistors and FETs to ensure that the PWM pins are not required to source current and that they sink less than the 8 mA maximum current specified on the data sheet. 12 V 3.3 V Driving up to Three Fans from PWM3 2 kW TACH measurements for fans are synchronized to particular PWM channels; for example, TACH1 is synchronized to PWM1. TACH3 and TACH4 are both synchronized to PWM3, so PWM3 can drive two fans. Alternatively, PWM3 can be programmed to synchronize TACH2, TACH3, and TACH4 to the PWM3 output. This allows PWM3 to drive two or three fans. In this case, the drive circuitry looks the same, as shown in Figure 36 and Figure 37. The SYNC bit in Register 0x62 enables this function. Synchronization is not required in high frequency mode when used with 4-wire fans. PWM Figure 32. Driving a 4-wire Fan Driving Two Fans from PWM3 The ADT7475 has four TACH inputs available for fan speed measurement but only three PWM drive outputs. If a fourth fan is used in the system, it should be driven from the PWM3 output in parallel with the third fan. Figure 33 shows how to drive two fans in parallel using low cost NPN transistors. Figure 34 shows the equivalent circuit using a MOSFET. Table 30. SYNC: ENHANCE ACOUSTICS REGISTER 1 (REG. 0X62) 12 V 3.3 V 1N4148 3.3 V ADT7475 TACH3 1 kW PWM3 2.2 kW TACH4 Q1 MMBT3904 Figure 33. Interfacing Two Fans in Parallel to the PWM3 Output Using Low Cost NPN Transistors 3.3 V 10 kW TYP 3.3 V ADT7475 TACH3 10 kW TYP TACH 3.3 V 10 kW TYP PWM3 +V +V 5V or 12 V FAN 1N4148 TACH4 SYNC Description 1, Synchronizes TACH2, TACH3, and TACH4 to PWM3. Pin 4, Pin 6, Pin 7, and Pin 9, when configured as TACH inputs, are open-drain TACH inputs intended for fan speed measurement. Signal conditioning in the ADT7475 accommodates the slow rise and fall times typical of fan tachometer outputs. The maximum input signal range is 0 V to 3.6 V. In the event these inputs are supplied from fan outputs that exceed 0 V to 3.6 V, either resistive attenuation of the fan signal or diode clamping must be included to keep inputs within an acceptable range. Figure 35 to Figure 38 show circuits for most common fan TACH outputs. If the fan TACH output has a resistive pullup to VCC, it can be connected directly to the fan input, as shown in Figure 35. Q3 MMBT2222 10 W Mnemonic TACH Inputs Q2 MMBT2222 10 W Bit TACH VCC 12 V 5V or 12 V FAN PULLUP 4.7 kW TYP TACH OUTPUT TACH Q1 NDT3055L FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 Figure 35. Fan with TACH Pullup to VCC Figure 34. Interfacing Two Fans in Parallel to the PWM3 Output Using a Single N-channel MOSFET If the fan output has a resistive pullup to 12 V, or other voltage greater than 3.6 V, the fan output can be clamped with a Zener diode, as shown in Figure 36. The Zener diode voltage should be chosen so that it is greater than VIH of the TACH http://onsemi.com 23 ADT7475 Fan Speed Measurement input but less than 3.6 V, allowing for the voltage tolerance of the Zener. A value between 3.0 V and 3.6 V is suitable. The fan counter does not count the fan TACH output pulses directly because the fan speed could be less than 1,000 RPM and it would take several seconds to accumulate a reasonably large and accurate count. Instead, the period of the fan revolution is measured by gating an on-chip 90 kHz oscillator into the input of a 16-bit counter for N periods of the fan TACH output (see Figure 39), so the accumulated count is actually proportional to the fan tachometer period and inversely proportional to the fan speed. N, the number of pulses counted, is determined by the settings of Register 0x7B (TACH Pulses per Revolution register). This register contains two bits for each fan, allowing one, two (default), three, or four TACH pulses to be counted. VCC 12 V PULLUP 4.7 kW TYP TACH OUTPUT TACH ZD1* FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 *CHOOSE ZD1 VOLTAGE APPROXIMATELY 0.8 × VCC Figure 36. Fan with TACH Pullup to Voltage > 3.6 V (Example, 12 V) Clamped with Zener Diode If the fan has a strong pullup (less than 1 kW) to 12 V or a totem-pole output, then a series resistor can be added to limit the Zener current, as shown in Figure 37. 5 V OR12 V Measuring Fan TACH When the ADT7475 starts up, TACH measurements are locked. In effect, an internal read of the low byte has been made for each TACH input. The net result of this is that all TACH readings are locked until the high byte is read from the corresponding TACH registers. All TACH related interrupts are also ignored until the appropriate high byte is read. Once the corresponding high byte has been read, TACH measurements are unlocked and interrupts are processed as normal. VCC FAN R1 10 kW PULLUP TYP < 1 kW TACH OUTPUT TACH ZD1* ZENER OR TOTEM-POLE FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 *CHOOSE ZD1 VOLTAGE APPROXIMATELY 0.8 × VCC CLOCK Figure 37. Fan with Strong TACH. Pullup to > VCC or Totem-Pole Output, Clamped with Zener and Resistor PWM Alternatively, a resistive attenuator can be used, as shown in Figure 38. R1 and R2 should be chosen such that: TACH 2 V t V PULLUP 1 R2ńǒR PULLUP ) R1 ) R2Ǔ t 3.6 V (eq. 3) 2 3 The fan inputs can have an input resistance of 160 kW to 5.1 kW to ground, which should be taken into account when calculating resistor values. With a pullup voltage of 12 V and pullup resistor less than 1 kW, suitable values for R1 and R2 would be 100 kW and 33 kW, respectively. This gives a high input voltage of 2.95 V. 12 V 4 Figure 39. Fan Speed Measurement Fan Speed Measurement Registers The fan tachometer readings are 16-bit values consisting of a 2-byte read from the ADT7475. Table 31. FAN SPEED MEASUREMENT REGISTERS VCC Register < 1 kW TACH OUTPUT R1* TACH R2* FAN SPEED COUNTER ADT7475 *SEE TEXT Figure 38. Fan with Strong TACH. Pullup to > VCC or Totem-Pole Output, Attenuated with R1/R2 Default TACH1 Low Byte 0x00 0x29 TACH1 High Byte 0x00 0x2A TACH2 Low Byte 0x00 0x2B TACH2 High Byte 0x00 0x2C TACH3 Low Byte 0x00 0x2D TACH3 High Byte 0x00 0x2E TACH4 Low Byte 0x00 0x2F TACH4 High Byte 0x00 http://onsemi.com 24 Description 0x28 ADT7475 Reading Fan Speed from the ADT7475 Example The measurement of fan speeds involves a 2-register read for each measurement. The low byte should be read first. This causes the high byte to be frozen until both high and low byte registers have been read, preventing erroneous TACH readings. The fan tachometer reading registers report back the number of 11.11 ms period clocks (90 kHz oscillator) gated to the fan speed counter, from the rising edge of the first fan TACH pulse to the rising edge of the third fan TACH pulse (assuming two pulses per revolution are being counted). Because the device is essentially measuring the fan TACH period, the higher the count value, the slower the fan is actually running. A 16-bit fan tachometer reading of 0xFFFF indicates that the fan either has stalled or is running very slowly ( Comparison Performed Because the actual fan TACH period is being measured, falling below a fan TACH limit by 1 sets the appropriate status bit and can be used to generate an SMBALERT. TACH1 High Byte (Register 0x29) = 0x17 TACH1 Low Byte (Register 0x28) = 0xFF What is Fan 1 speed in RPM? Fan 1 TACH Reading = 0x17FF = 6143 (decimal) RPM = (f × 60)/Fan 1 TACH Reading RPM = (90,000 × 60)/6143 Fan Speed = 879 RPM Fan Pulses per Revolution Different fan models can output either 1, 2, 3, or 4 TACH pulses per revolution. Once the number of fan TACH pulses has been determined, it can be programmed into the TACH Pulses per Revolution register (Register 0x7B) for each fan. Alternatively, this register can be used to determine the number or pulses per revolution output by a given fan. By plotting fan speed measurements at 100% speed with different pulses per revolution setting, the smoothest graph with the lowest ripple determines the correct pulses per revolution value. Fan TACH Limit Registers The fan TACH limit registers are 16-bit values consisting of two bytes. Table 33. TACH PULSES/REVOLUTION REGISTER (REG. 0X7B) Table 32. FAN TACH LIMIT REGISTERS Register Description Default 0x54 TACH1 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x55 TACH1 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x56 TACH2 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x57 TACH2 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x58 TACH3 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x59 TACH3 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x5A TACH4 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x5B TACH4 Minimum High Byte 0xFF Bit Mnemonic Description FAN1 Default 2 Pulses per Revolution FAN2 Default 2 Pulses per Revolution FAN3 Default 2 Pulses per Revolution FAN4 Default 2 Pulses per Revolution Table 34. TACH PULSES/REVOLUTION REGISTER BIT VALUES Value Fan Speed Measurement Rate The fan TACH readings are normally updated once every second. The FAST bit (Bit 3) of Configuration Register 3 (0x78), when set, updates the fan TACH readings every 250 ms. If any of the fans are not being driven by a PWM channel but are powered directly from 5.0 V or 12 V, their associated dc bit in Configuration Register 3 should be set. This allows TACH readings to be taken on a continuous basis for fans connected directly to a dc source. For optimal results, the associated dc bit should always be set when using 4-wire fans. Description 00 1 Pulse per Revolution 01 2 Pulses per Revolution 10 3 Pulses per Revolution 11 4 Pulses per Revolution Fan Spin-up The ADT7475 has a unique fan spin-up function. It spins the fan at 100% PWM duty cycle until two TACH pulses are detected on the TACH input. Once two TACH pulses have been detected, the PWM duty cycle goes to the expected running value, for example, 33%. The advantage is that fans have different spin-up characteristics and take different times to overcome inertia. The ADT7475 runs the fans just fast enough to overcome inertia and is quieter on spin-up than fans programmed to spin up for a given spin-up time. Calculating Fan Speed Fan Startup Timeout Assuming a fan with a two pulses per revolution (and two pulses per revolution being measured), fan speed is calculated by the following: Fan Speed (RPM) = (90,000 × 60)/Fan TACH Reading To prevent the generation of false interrupts as a fan spins up (because it is below running speed), the ADT7475 includes a fan startup timeout function. During this time, the ADT7475 looks for two TACH pulses. If two TACH pulses are not detected, an interrupt is generated. Using Configuration Register 1 (0x40), Bit 5 (FSPDIS), this where Fan TACH Reading is the 16-bit fan tachometer reading. http://onsemi.com 25 ADT7475 Fan Speed Control functionality can be changed (see the Disabling Fan Startup Timeout section). The ADT7475 controls fan speed using automatic mode and manual mode as follows: • In automatic fan speed control mode, fan speed is automatically varied with temperature and without CPU intervention, once initial parameters are set up. The advantage of this is, if the system hangs, the user is guaranteed that the system is protected from overheating. For more information about how to program the automatic fan speed control loop, see the Programming the Automatic Fan Speed Control Loop section. • In manual fan speed control mode, the ADT7475 allows the duty cycle of any PWM output to be manually adjusted. This can be useful if the user wants to change fan speed at the software level or adjust PWM duty cycle output for test purposes. Bits of Register 0x5C to Register 0x5E (PWM configuration) control the behavior of each PWM output. Table 35. PWM1 TO PWM3 CONFIGURATION (REG. 0X5C TO 0X5E) Bit Mnemonic SPIN Description These bits control the startup timeout for PWM1 (0x5C), PWM2 (0x5D), PWM3 (0x5E). 000 = No Startup Timeout 001 = 100 ms 010 = 250 ms (Default) 011 = 400 ms 100 = 667 ms 101 = 1 s 110 = 2 s 111 = 4 s Disabling Fan Startup Timeout Although fan startup makes fan spin-ups much quieter than fixed-time spin-ups, the option exists to use fixed spin-up times. Setting Bit 5 (FSPDIS) to 1 in Configuration Register 1 (0x40) disables the spin-up for two TACH pulses. Instead, the fan spins up for the fixed time as selected in Register 0x5C to Register 0x5E. Table 38. PWM CONFIGURATION (REG. 0X5C TO 0X5E) BITS PWM Logic State The PWM outputs can be programmed high for 100% duty cycle (non-inverted) or low for 100% duty cycle (inverted). Bit Mnemonic BHVR 111 Description Manual Mode Once under manual control, each PWM output can be manually updated by writing to Register 0x30 to Register 0x32 (PWMx current duty cycle registers). Table 36. PWM1 TO PWM3 CONFIGURATION (REG. 0X5C TO 0X5E) BITS Programming the PWM Current Duty Cycle Registers Bit Mnemonic Description INV 0 = logic high for 100% PWM duty cycle 1 = logic low for 100% PWM duty cycle The PWM current duty cycle registers are 8-bit registers that allow the PWM duty cycle for each output to be set anywhere from 0% to 100% in steps of 0.39%. The value to be programmed into the PWMMIN register is given by: Value (decimal) = PWMMIN /0.39 Low Frequency Mode PWM Drive Frequency The PWM drive frequency can be adjusted for the application. Register 0x5F to Register 0x61 configure the PWM frequency for PWM1 to PWM3, respectively. In high frequency mode, the PWM drive frequency is always 22.5 kHz. Example 1: For a PWM duty cycle of 50%, Value (decimal) = 50/0.39 = 128 (decimal) Value = 128 (decimal) or 0x80 (hex) High Frequency Mode PWM Drive Example 2: Setting Bit 3 of Register 0x5F, Register 0x60, and Register 0x61 enables high frequency mode for Fan 1, Fan 2, and Fan 3, respectively. For a PWM duty cycle of 33%, Value (decimal) = 33/0.39 = 85 (decimal) Value = 85 (decimal) or 0x54 (hex) Table 39. PWM CURRENT DUTY CYCLE REGISTERS Table 37. PWM FREQUENCY REGISTERS (REG. 0X5F TO 0X61) Bit Mnemonic FREQ Description 000 = 11.0 Hz 001 = 14.7 Hz 010 = 22.1 Hz 011 = 29.4 Hz 100 = 35.3 Hz (Default) 101 = 44.1 Hz 110 = 58.8 Hz 111 = 88.2 Hz Register Description Default 0x30 PWM1 Current Duty Cycle 0x00 (0%) 0x31 PWM2 Current Duty Cycle 0x00 (0%) 0x32 PWM3 Current Duty Cycle 0x00 (0%) By reading the PWMx current duty cycle registers, the user can keep track of the current duty cycle on each PWM output, even when the fans are running in automatic fan http://onsemi.com 26 ADT7475 of the default registers after the ADT7475 is addressed via any valid SMBus transaction. If VCC goes high (the system processor power rail is powered up), a fail-safe timer begins to count down. If the ADT7475 is not addressed by any valid SMBus transactions before the fail-safe timeout (4.6 seconds) lapses, the ADT7475 drives the fans to full speed. If the ADT7475 is addressed by a valid SMBus transaction after this point, the fans stop, and the ADT7475 assumes its default settings and begins normal operation. If VCCP goes high (the system processor power rail is powered up), then a fail-safe timer begins to count down. If the ADT7475 is addressed by a valid SMBus transaction before the fail-safe timeout (4.6 seconds) lapses, then the ADT7475 operates normally, assuming the functionality of all the default registers. See the flow chart in Figure 41. speed control mode or acoustic enhancement mode. See the Programming the Automatic Fan Speed Control Loop section for details. Operating from 3.3 V Standby The ADT7475 has been specifically designed to operate from a 3.3 V STBY supply. In computers that support S3 and S5 states, the core voltage of the processor is lowered in these states. When monitoring THERM, the THERM timer should be disabled during these states. Standby Mode The ADT7475 has been specifically designed to respond to the STBY supply. In computers that support S3 and S5 states, the core voltage of the processor is lowered in these states. When monitoring THERM, the THERM timer should be disabled during these states. When the VCCP voltage drops below the VCCP low limit, the following occurs: 1. Status Bit 1 (VCCP) in Status Register 1 is set. 2. SMBALERT is generated, if enabled. 3. THERM monitoring is disabled. The THERM timer should hold its value prior to the S3 or S5 state. ADT7475 IS POWERED UP Y HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? N Once the core voltage, VCCP, goes above the VCCP low limit, everything is re-enabled and the system resumes normal operation. IS VCCP ABOVE 0.75 V? N CHECK VCCP Y START FAIL-SAFE TIMER XNOR Tree Test Mode The ADT7475 includes an XNOR tree test mode. This mode is useful for in-circuit test equipment at board-level testing. By applying stimulus to the pins included in the XNOR tree, it is possible to detect opens or shorts on the system board. Figure 40 shows the signals that are exercised in the XNOR tree test mode. The XNOR tree test is invoked by setting Bit 0 (XEN) of the XNOR tree test enable register (0x6F). Y HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? N FAIL-SAFE TIMER ELAPSES AFTER THE FAIL-SAFE TIMEOUT TACH1 TACH2 HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? TACH3 Y TACH4 N RUNS THE FANS TO FULL SPEED HAS THE ADT7475 BEEN ACCESSED BY A VALID SMBus TRANSACTION? N Y PWM2 PWM3 START UP THE ADT7475 NORMALLY PWM1/XTO SWITCH OFF FANS Figure 41. Power-on Flow Chart Figure 40. XNOR Tree Test Programming the Automatic Fan Speed Control Loop To more efficiently understand the automatic fan speed control loop, it is strongly recommended to use the ADT7475 evaluation board and software while reading this section. This section provides the system designer with an understanding of the automatic fan control loop, and provides step-by-step guidance on effectively evaluating Power-On Default When the ADT7475 is powered up, it polls the VCCP input. If VCCP stays below 0.75 V (the system CPU power rail is not powered up), the ADT7475 assumes the functionality http://onsemi.com 27 ADT7475 and selecting critical system parameters. To optimize the system characteristics, the designer needs to give some thought to system configuration, including the number of fans, where they are located, and what temperatures are being measured in the particular system. The mechanical or thermal engineer who is tasked with the system thermal characterization should also be involved at the beginning of this process. including TMIN and TRANGE. The TMIN and TRANGE values for a temperature channel, and, therefore, for a given fan are critical because they define the thermal characteristics of the system. The thermal validation of the system is one of the most important steps in the design process, so select these values carefully. Figure 42 gives a top-level overview of the automatic fan control circuitry on the ADT7475. From a systems level perspective, up to three system temperatures can be monitored and used to control three PWM outputs. The three PWM outputs can be used to control up to four fans. The ADT7475 allows the speed of four fans to be monitored. Each temperature channel has a thermal calibration block, allowing the designer to individually configure the thermal characteristics of each temperature channel. For example, the designer can decide to run the CPU fan when CPU temperature increases above 60°C and a chassis fan when the local temperature increases above 45°C. At this stage, the designer has not assigned these thermal calibration settings to a particular fan drive (PWM) channel. The right side of Figure 42 shows controls that are fan-specific. The designer has individual control over parameters such as minimum PWM duty cycle, fan speed failure thresholds, and even ramp control of the PWM outputs. Automatic fan control, then, ultimately allows graceful fan speed changes that are less perceptible to the system user. Automatic Fan Control Overview The ADT7475 can automatically control the speed of fans based upon the measured temperature. This is done independently of CPU intervention once initial parameters are set up. The ADT7475 has a local temperature sensor and two remote temperature channels that can be connected to a CPU on-chip thermal diode (available on Intel® Pentium® class and other CPUs). These three temperature channels can be used as the basis for automatic fan speed control to drive fans using pulse-width modulation (PWM). Automatic fan speed control reduces acoustic noise by optimizing fan speed according to accurately measured temperature. Reducing fan speed can also decrease system current consumption. The automatic fan speed control mode is very flexible owing to the number of programmable parameters, THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% S REMOTE1 TEMP TMIN TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% MUX LOCAL TEMP TMIN TRANGE S 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% S REMOTE2 TEMP TMIN TRANGE PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TACHOMETER 1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR Figure 42. Automatic Fan Control Block Diagram http://onsemi.com 28 PWM1 TACH1 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER 2 MEASUREMENT TACHOMETER 3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM3 TACH3 ADT7475 Step 1: Hardware Configuration This influences the choice of whether to use the TACH4 pin or to reconfigure it for the THERM function. 3. Is the CPU fan to be controlled using the ADT7475 or will it run at full speed 100% of the time? If run at 100%, this frees up a PWM output, but the system is louder. 4. Where will the ADT7475 be physically located in the system? This influences the assignment of the temperature measurement channels to particular system thermal zones. For example, locating the ADT7475 close to the VRM controller circuitry allows the VRM temperature to be monitored using the local temperature channel. During system design, the motherboard sensing and control capabilities should be addressed early in the design stages. Decisions about how these capabilities are used should involve the system thermal/mechanical engineer. Ask the following questions: 1. What ADT7475 functionality will be used? • PWM2 or SMBALERT? • TACH4 fan speed measurement or overtemperature THERM function? The ADT7475 offers multifunctional pins that can be reconfigured to suit different system requirements and physical layouts. These multifunction pins are software programmable. 2. How many fans will be supported in the system, three or four? THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM GENERATOR S TMIN REMOTE1 = AMBIENT TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN REMOTE2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE PWM CONFIG PWM CONFIG CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 TACH1 TACHOMETER2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR S RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER1 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR S MUX PWM CONFIG Figure 43. Hardware Configuration Example FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REAR CHASSIS • CPU temperature measured using the Remote 1 Recommended Implementation 1 Configuring the ADT7475 as in Figure 44 provides the system designer with the following features: • Two PWM outputs for fan control of up to three fans (The front and rear chassis fans are connected in parallel). • Three TACH fan speed measurement inputs. • VCC measured internally through Pin 3. • CPU core voltage measurement (VCORE). • VRM temperature using local temperature sensor. temperature channel. • Ambient temperature measured through the Remote 2 • • temperature channel. Bidirectional THERM pin, which allows the monitoring of PROCHOT output from an Intel® Pentium® 4 processor, for example, or can be used as an overtemperature THERM output. SMBALERT system interrupt output. http://onsemi.com 29 ADT7475 FRONT CHASSIS FAN ADT7475 PWM1 TACH1 TACH2 CPU FAN REAR CHASSIS FAN PWM3 D2+ TACH3 D2− THERM PROCHOT CPU D1+ AMBIENT TEMPERATURE SDA SCL SMBALERT D1− ICH GND Figure 44. Recommended Implementation 1 • CPU temperature measured using the Remote 1 Recommended Implementation 2 Configuring the ADT7475 as in Figure 45 provides the system designer with the following features: • Three PWM outputs for fan control of up to three fan (All three fans can be individually controlled). • Three TACH fan speed measurement inputs. • VCC measured internally through Pin 3. • CPU core voltage measurement (VCORE). FRONT CHASSIS FAN temperature channel. • Ambient temperature measured through the Remote 2 temperature channel. • Bidirectional THERM pin that allows the monitoring of PROCHOT output from an Intel® Pentium® 4 processor, for example, or can be used as an overtemperature THERM output. ADT7475 PWM1 TACH1 TACH2 PWM2 CPU FAN REAR CHASSIS FAN D2+ PWM3 TACH3 D2− THERM PROCHOT CPU D1+ AMBIENT TEMPERATURE D1− SDA SCL GND ICH Figure 45. Recommended Implementation 2 http://onsemi.com 30 ADT7475 Step 2: Configuring the Mux 010 = Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx 101 = Fastest speed calculated by local and Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx 110 = Fastest speed calculated by all three temperature channel controls PWMx After the system hardware configuration is determined, the fans can be assigned to particular temperature channels. Not only can fans be assigned to individual channels but the behavior of the fans is also configurable. For example, fans can be run under automatic fan control, manually under software control, or at the fastest speed calculated by multiple temperature channels. The mux is the bridge between temperature measurement channels and the three PWM outputs. Bits (BHVR) of Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E (PWM configuration registers) control the behavior of the fans connected to the PWM1, PWM2, and PWM3 outputs. The values selected for these bits determine how the mux connects a temperature measurement channel to a PWM output. The fastest speed calculated options pertain to controlling one PWM output based on multiple temperature channels. The thermal characteristics of the three temperature zones can be set to drive a single fan. An example is the fan turning on when Remote 1 temperature exceeds 60°C or when the local temperature exceeds 45°C. Other Mux Options Bits (BHVR), Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E. 011 = PWMx runs full speed 100 = PWMx disabled (default) 111 = manual mode. PWMx is running under software control. In this mode, PWM current duty cycle registers (0x30 to 0x32) are writable and control the PWM outputs Automatic Fan Control Mux Options Bits (BHVR), Register 0x5C, Register 0x5D, and Register 0x5E. 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWMx 001 = Local temperature controls PWMx MUX THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM GENERATOR S TMIN REMOTE1 = AMBIENT TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN REMOTE2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE PWM CONFIG PWM CONFIG CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 TACH1 TACHOMETER2 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR S RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER1 MEASUREMENT PWM GENERATOR S MUX PWM CONFIG Figure 46. Assigning Temperature Channels to Fan Channels FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REAR CHASSIS • PWM1 (CPU fan sink) is controlled by the fastest speed Mux Configuration Example This is an example of how to configure the mux in a system using the ADT7475 to control three fans. The CPU fan sink is controlled by PWM1, the front chassis fan is controlled by PWM2, and the rear chassis fan is controlled by PWM3. The mux is configured for the following fan control behavior: • calculated by the local (VRM temperature) and Remote 2 (processor) Temperatures. In this case, the CPU fan sink is also used to cool the VRM. PWM2 (front chassis fan) is controlled by the Remote 1 Temperature (ambient). http://onsemi.com 31 ADT7475 • PWM3 (rear chassis fan) is controlled by the Remote 1 Bits (BHVR), PWM2 Configuration Register (0x5D) 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWM2 Bits (BHVR), PWM3 Configuration Register (0x5E) 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWM3 Temperature (ambient). Example Mux Settings Bits (BHVR), PWM1 Configuration Register (0x5C) 101 = Fastest speed calculated by local and Remote 2 temperature controls PWM1 THERMAL CALIBRATION These settings configure the mux, as shown in Figure 47. PWM MIN 100% PWM GENERATOR S TMIN REMOTE2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE 0% MUX THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% PWM MIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% S TMIN TRANGE RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR S TMIN PWM CONFIG TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER2 MEASUREMENT PWM2 TACH2 FRONT CHASSIS PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS Figure 47. Mux Configuration Example Step 3: TMIN Settings for Thermal Calibration Channels Table 40. TMIN REGISTERS TMIN is the temperature at which the fans turn on under automatic fan control. The speed at which the fan runs at TMIN is programmed later in the process. The TMIN values chosen are temperature channel specific, for example, 25°C for ambient channel, 30°C for VRM temperature, and 40°C for processor temperature. TMIN is an 8-bit value, either twos complement or Offset 64, that can be programmed in 1°C increments. There is a TMIN register associated with each temperature measurement channel: Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperatures. Once the TMIN value is exceeded, the fan turns on and runs at the minimum PWM duty cycle. The fan turns off once the temperature has dropped below TMIN − THYST. To overcome fan inertia, the fan is spun up until two valid TACH rising edges are counted. See the Fan Startup Timeout Section for more details. In some cases, primarily for psycho-acoustic reasons, it is desirable that the fan never switch off below TMIN. Bits of Enhanced Acoustics Register 1 (0x62), when set, keep the fans running at the PWM minimum duty cycle, if the temperature should fall below TMIN. Register Description Default 0x67 Remote 1 Temperature TMIN 0x5A (90°C) 0x68 Local Temperature TMIN 0x5A (90°C) 0x69 Remote 2 Temperature TMIN 0x5A (90°C) Enhanced Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) Bit 7 (MIN3) = 0, PWM3 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 7 (MIN3) = 1, PWM3 runs at PWM3 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 0, PWM2 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 1, PWM2 runs at PWM2 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 0, PWM1 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 1, PWM1 runs at PWM1 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. http://onsemi.com 32 ADT7475 PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 0% TMIN THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM GENERATOR S TMIN REMOTE2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% S TMIN TRANGE RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM1 TACHOMETER1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR S MUX PWM CONFIG TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM2 TACHOMETER2 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR TACH2 FRONT CHASSIS RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) PWM3 TACHOMETER3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% TACH3 REMOTE1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS Figure 48. Understanding the TMIN Parameter Step 4: PWMMIN for Each PWM (Fan) Output PWMMIN is the minimum PWM duty cycle at which each fan in the system runs. It is also the start speed for each fan under automatic fan control once the temperature rises above TMIN. For maximum system acoustic benefit, PWMMIN should be as low as possible. Depending on the fan used, the PWMMIN setting is usually in the 20% to 33% duty cycle range. This value can be found through fan validation. PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% PWM2 PWM1MIN 0% TMIN 100% PWM DUTY CYCLE PWM1 PWM2MIN TEMPERATURE Figure 50. Operating Two Different Fans from a Single Temperature Channel More than one PWM output can be controlled from a single temperature measurement channel. For example, Remote 1 temperature can control PWM1 and PWM2 outputs. If two different fans are used on PWM1 and PWM2, the fan characteristics can be set up differently. As a result, Fan 1 driven by PWM1 can have a different PWMMIN value than Fan 2 connected to PWM2. Figure 50 illustrates this as PWM1MIN (front fan) turns on at a minimum duty cycle of 20%, while PWM2MIN (rear fan) turns on at a minimum of PWMMIN 0% TMIN TEMPERATURE Figure 49. PWMMIN Determines Minimum PWM Duty Cycle http://onsemi.com 33 ADT7475 40% duty cycle. Note that both fans turn on at exactly the same temperature, defined by TMIN. PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% Programming the PWMMIN Registers The PWMMIN registers are 8-bit registers that allow the minimum PWM duty cycle for each output to be configured anywhere from 0% to 100%. This allows the minimum PWM duty cycle to be set in steps of 0.39%. The value to be programmed into the PWMMIN register is given by: Value (decimal) = PWMMIN /0.39 TMIN Programming the PWMMAX Registers The PWMMAX registers are 8-bit registers that allow the maximum PWM duty cycle for each output to be configured anywhere from 0% to 100%. This allows the maximum PWM duty cycle to be set in steps of 0.39%. The value to be programmed into the PWMMAX register is given by: Value (decimal) = PWMMAX/0.39 Example 2 For a minimum PWM duty cycle of 33%, Value (decimal) = 33/0.39 = 85 (decimal) Value = 85 (decimal) or 54 (hex) Table 41. PWMMIN REGISTERS Default 0x64 PWM1 Minimum Duty Cycle 0x80 (50%) 0x65 PWM2 Minimum Duty Cycle 0x80 (50%) 0x66 PWM3 Minimum Duty Cycle 0x80 (50%) Example 1 For a maximum PWM duty cycle of 50%, Value (decimal) − 50/0.39 = 128 (decimal) Value = 128 (decimal) or 80 (hex) Note on Fan Speed and PWM Duty Cycle Example 2 The PWM duty cycle does not directly correlate to fan speed in RPM. Running a fan at 33% PWM duty cycle does not equate to running the fan at 33% speed. Driving a fan at 33% PWM duty cycle actually runs the fan at closer to 50% of its full speed. This is because fan speed in %RPM generally relates to the square root of the PWM duty cycle. Given a PWM square wave as the drive signal, fan speed in RPM approximates to: % fanspeed + ǸPWM duty cycle 10 TEMPERATURE Figure 51. PWMMAX Determines Maximum PWM Duty Cycle Below the THERM Temperature Limit For a minimum PWM duty cycle of 50%, Value (decimal) = 50/0.39 = 128 (decimal) Value = 128 (decimal) or 80 (hex) Description PWMMIN 0% Example 1 Register PWMMAX For a minimum PWM duty cycle of 75%, Value (decimal) = 75/0.39 = 192 (decimal) Value = 192 (decimal) or C0 (hex) Table 42. PWMMAX REGISTERS (eq. 4) Step 5: PWMMAX for PWM (Fan) Outputs Register Description Default 0x38 PWM1 Maximum Duty Cycle 0xFF (100%) 0x39 PWM2 Maximum Duty Cycle 0xFF (100%) 0x3A PWM3 Maximum Duty Cycle 0xFF (100%) Step 6: TRANGE for Temperature Channels PWMMAX is the maximum duty cycle that each fan in the system runs at under the automatic fan speed control loop. For maximum system acoustic benefit, PWMMAX should be as low as possible but should be capable of maintaining the processor temperature limit at an acceptable level. If the THERM temperature limit is exceeded, the fans are still boosted to 100% for fail-safe cooling. There is a PWMMAX limit for each fan channel. The default value of all PWMMAX registers is 0xFF. TRANGE is the range of temperature over which automatic fan control occurs once the programmed TMIN temperature has been exceeded. TRANGE is the temperature range between PWMMIN and 100% PWM where the fan speed changes linearly. Otherwise stated, it is the line drawn between the TMIN/PWMMIN and the (TMIN + TRANGE) /PWM 100% intersection points. http://onsemi.com 34 ADT7475 TRANGE 100% PWM DUTY CYCLE PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% PWMMIN 0% TMIN 10% 0% TMIN−HYST TEMPERATURE Figure 52. TRANGE Parameter Affects Cooling Slope TMIN The TRANGE is determined by the following procedure: 1. Determine the maximum operating temperature for that channel (for example, 70°C). 2. Determine, experimentally, the fan speed (PWM duty cycle value) that does not exceed the temperature at the worst-case operating points. (For example, 70°C is reached when the fans are running at 50% PWM duty cycle.) 3. Determine the slope of the required control loop to meet these requirements. 4. Using the ADT7475 evaluation software, graphically program and visualize this functionality. Figure 54. Increasing TRANGE Changes the AFC Slope PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% MAX PWM 10% 0% TMIN−HYST As PWMMIN is changed, the automatic fan control slope also changes. TRANGE Figure 55. Changing PWMMAX Does Not Change the AFC Slope 100% PWM DUTY CYCLE 30°C 40°C 45°C 54°C Selecting TRANGE The TRANGE value can be selected for each temperature channel: Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperatures. Bits (RANGE) of Register 0x5F to Register 0x61 define the TRANGE value for each temperature channel. 50% Table 43. SELECTING A TRANGE VALUE 33% Bits (Note 1) 0% 30°C TMIN Figure 53. Adjusting PWMMIN Changes the Automatic Fan Control Slope As TRANGE is changed, the slope also changes. As TRANGE gets smaller, the fans reach 100% speed with a smaller temperature change. TRANGE (5C) 0000 2 0001 2.5 0010 3.33 0011 4 0100 5 0101 6.67 0110 8 0111 10 1000 13.33 1001 16 1010 20 1011 26.67 1100 32 (Default) 1101 40 1110 53.33 1111 80 1. Register 0x5F configures Remote 1 TRANGE; Register 0x60 configures local TRANGE; Register 0x61 configures Remote 2 TRANGE. http://onsemi.com 35 ADT7475 Actual Changes in PWM Output (Advanced Acoustics Settings) PWM DUTY CYCLE (%) PWM DUTY CYCLE (%) 55C 6.675C 105C 165C 205C 30 26.65C 325C 20 405C 53.35C 0 325C 405C 20 40 60 80 100 120 805C TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 25C 100 2.55C 90 3.335C 45C 80 55C 70 85C 105C 50 165C 205C 30 26.65C 20 325C 405C 10 53.35C 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 120 805C 2.55C 3.335C 45C 80 55C 70 6.675C 85C 60 105C 50 13.35C 165C 40 205C 30 26.65C 20 325C 405C 53.35C 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 805C The following example shows how the different TMIN and TRANGE settings can be applied to three different thermal zones. In this example, the following TRANGE values apply: TRANGE = 80°C for ambient temperature TRANGE = 53.33°C for CPU temperature TRANGE = 40°C for VRM temperature 13.35C 40 100 Example: Determining TRANGE for Each Temperature Channel 6.675C 60 80 The graphs in Figure 56 assume that the fan starts from 0% PWM duty cycle. Clearly, the minimum PWM duty cycle, PWMMIN, needs to be factored in to see how the loop actually performs in the system. Figure 57 shows how TRANGE is affected when the PWMMIN value is set to 20%. It can be seen that the fan actually runs at about 45% fan speed when the temperature exceeds TMIN. 53.35C 0 60 Figure 57. TRANGE and % Fan Speed Slopes with PWMMIN = 20% 26.65C 20 40 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 205C 30 20 25C 165C 10 FAN SPEED (% OF MAX) 13.35C 40 0 13.35C 40 0 105C 10 85C 50 85C 50 90 45C 60 6.675C 60 100 3.335C 70 55C TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 2.55C 80 45C 70 0 25C 90 3.335C 80 10 FAN SPEED (% OF MAX) 100 2.55C 90 While the automatic fan control algorithm describes the general response of the PWM output, the enhanced acoustics registers (0x62 and 0x63) can be used to set/clamp the maximum rate of change of PWM output for a given temperature zone. This means if TRANGE is programmed with a steep AFC slope, a relatively small change in temperature can cause a large change in PWM output and an audible change in fan speed, which may be noticeable/ annoying to users. Decreasing the PWM output’s maximum rate of change, by programming the smoothing on the appropriate temperature channels (Register 0x62 and Register 0x63), clamps the fan speed’s maximum rate of change in the event of a temperature spike. The PWM duty cycle increases slowly until the PWM duty cycle reaches the appropriate duty cycle as defined by the AFC curve. Figure 56 shows PWM duty cycle versus temperature for each TRANGE setting. The lower graph shows how each TRANGE setting affects fan speed vs. temperature. As can be seen from the graph, the effect on fan speed is non-linear. 0 25C 100 805C This example uses the mux configuration described in Step 2: Configuring the Mux, with the ADT7475 connected as shown in Figure 47. Both CPU temperature and VRM TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN Figure 56. TRANGE vs. Actual Fan Speed (not PWM Drive) Profile http://onsemi.com 36 ADT7475 temperature drive the CPU fan connected to PWM1. Ambient temperature drives the front chassis fan and rear chassis fan connected to PWM2 and PWM3. The front chassis fan is configured to run at PWMMIN = 20%. The rear chassis fan is configured to run at PWMMIN = 30%. The CPU fan is configured to run at PWMMIN = 10%. Note that the control range for 4-wire fans is much wider than that for 3-wire fans. In many cases, 4-wire fans can start with a PWM drive of as little as 20% or less. In extreme cases, some 3-wire fans do not run unless a PWM drive of 60% or more is applied. 100 VRM TEMP. 90 PWM DUTY CYCLE (%) number programmed into the hysteresis registers (0x6D and 0x6E). The default hysteresis value is 4°C. The TTHERM limit should be considered the maximum worst-case operating temperature of the system. Because exceeding any TTHERM limit runs all fans at 100%, it has very negative acoustic effects. Ultimately, this limit should be set up as a fail-safe, and the designer should ensure that it is not exceeded under normal system operating conditions. Note that TTHERM limits are non-maskable and affect the fan speed no matter how automatic fan control settings are configured. This allows some flexibility because a TRANGE value can be selected based on its slope, while a hard limit (such as 70°C) can be programmed as TMAX (the temperature at which the fan reaches full speed) by setting TTHERM to that limit (for example, 70°C). 80 70 Table 44. THERM REGISTERS CPU TEMPERATURE 60 Register 50 AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 FAN SPEED (% MAX RPM) 90 80 CPU TEMPERATURE 60 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 0x64 (100°C) 0x6B Local THERM Temperature Limit 0x64 (100°C) 0x6C Remote 2 THERM Temperature Limit 0x64 (100°C) Register 0x6D, Remote 1 and Local Temperature/TMIN Hysteresis Register Bits (HYSR1), Remote 1 Temperature Hysteresis (4°C default) Bits (HYSL), Local Temperature Hysteresis (4°C default) Register 0x6E, Remote 2 Temperature TMIN Hysteresis Register Bits (HYSR2), Remote 2 Temperature Hysteresis (4°C default) 40 0 Remote 1 THERM Temperature Limit Hysteresis Registers AMBIENT TEMPERATURE 50 0x6A THERM hysteresis on a particular channel is configured via the hysteresis settings in Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E. For example, setting hysteresis on the Remote 1 channel also sets the hysteresis on Remote 1 THERM. VRM TEMP. 70 Default THERM Hysteresis TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN 100 Description 90 100 TEMPERATURE ABOVE TMIN Figure 58. TRANGE and % Fan Speed Slopes for VRM, Ambient, and CPU Temperature Channels Step 7: TTHERM for Temperature Channels Because each hysteresis setting is four bits, hysteresis values are programmable from 1°C to 15°C. It is not recommended that hysteresis values ever be programmed to 0°C because this disables hysteresis. In effect, this causes the fans to cycle (during a THERM event) between normal speed and 100% speed or, while operating close to TMIN, between normal speed and off, creating unsettling acoustic noise. TTHERM is the absolute maximum temperature allowed on a temperature channel. Above this temperature, a component such as the CPU or VRM might be operating beyond its safe operating limit. When the temperature measured exceeds TTHERM, all fans drive at 100% PWM duty cycle (full speed) to provide critical system cooling. The fans remain running at 100% until the temperature drops below TTHERM − hysteresis, where hysteresis is the http://onsemi.com 37 ADT7475 TRANGE PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 0% TMIN TTHERM THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM GENERATOR S TMIN REMOTE2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% S TMIN TRANGE RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR S MUX PWM CONFIG TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER2 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE1 = AMBIENT TEMP Figure 59. How TTHERM Relates to Automatic Fan Control Step 8: THYST for Temperature Channels REAR CHASSIS TTHERM hysteresis value, described in Step 6: TRANGE for Temperature Channels. Therefore, programming Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E sets the hysteresis for both fan on/off and the THERM function. In some applications, it is required that fans not turn off below TMIN but remain running at PWMMIN. Bits of Enhanced Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) allow the fans to be turned off or to be kept spinning below TMIN. If the fans are always on, the THYST value has no effect on the fan when the temperature drops below TMIN. THYST is the amount of extra cooling a fan provides after the temperature measured has dropped back below TMIN before the fan turns off. The premise for temperature hysteresis (THYST) is that, without it, the fan would merely chatter, or cycle on and off regularly, whenever the temperature is hovering at about the TMIN setting. The THYST value chosen determines the amount of time needed for the system to cool down or heat up as the fan turns on and off. Values of hysteresis are programmable in the range 1°C to 15°C. Larger values of THYST prevent the fans from chattering on and off. The THYST default value is set at 4°C. The THYST setting applies not only to the temperature hysteresis for fan on/off, but the same setting is used for the THERM Hysteresis Any hysteresis programmed via Register 0x6D and Register 0x6E also applies to hysteresis on the appropriate THERM channel. http://onsemi.com 38 ADT7475 TRANGE PWM DUTY CYCLE 100% 0% TMIN TTHERM THERMAL CALIBRATION PWM MIN 100% PWM GENERATOR S TMIN REMOTE2 = CPU TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% TMIN LOCAL = VRM TEMP TRANGE 0% PWM MIN THERMAL CALIBRATION 100% S TMIN TRANGE RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER1 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR S MUX PWM CONFIG TACH1 CPU FAN SINK RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER2 MEASUREMENT PWM CONFIG PWM GENERATOR PWM2 TACH2 RAMP CONTROL (ACOUSTIC ENHANCEMENT) TACHOMETER3 AND 4 MEASUREMENT 0% PWM1 FRONT CHASSIS PWM3 TACH3 REMOTE1 = AMBIENT TEMP REAR CHASSIS Figure 60. The THYST Value Applies to Fan On/Off Hysteresis and THERM Hysteresis Enhanced Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) Configuration Register 6 (0x10) Bit 7 (MIN3) = 0, PWM3 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 7 (MIN3) = 1, PWM3 runs at PWM3 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 0, PWM2 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 6 (MIN2) = 1, PWM2 runs at PWM2 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 0, PWM1 is off (0% PWM duty cycle) when temperature is below TMIN − THYST. Bit 5 (MIN1) = 1, PWM1 runs at PWM1 minimum duty cycle below TMIN − THYST. Bit 0 (SLOW Remote 1), 1 slows the ramp rate for PWM changes associated with the Remote 1 temperature channel by 4. Bit 1 (SLOW Local), 1 slows the ramp rate for PWM changes associated with the Local temperature channel by 4. Bit 2 (SLOW Remote 2), 1 slows the ramp rate for PWM changes associated with the Remote 2 temperature channel by 4. Bit 7 (ExtraSlow), 1 slows the ramp rate for all fans by a factor of 39.2%. The following sections list the ramp-up times when the SLOW bit is set for each temperature monitoring channel. http://onsemi.com 39 ADT7475 Enhanced Acoustics Register 1 (0x62) Bits (ACOU2), select the ramp rate for PWM outputs associated with the Remote 2 temperature input. 000 = 37.5 sec 001 = 18.8 sec 010 = 12.5 sec 011 = 7.5 sec 100 = 4.7 sec 101 = 3.1 sec 110 = 1.6 sec 111 = 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) = 1, the ramp rates change to the following values: 000 = 52.2 sec 001 = 26.1 sec 010 = 17.4 sec 011 = 10.4 sec 100 = 6.5 sec 101 = 4.4 sec 110 = 2.2 sec 111 = 1.1 sec Bits (ACOU1), select the ramp rate for PWM outputs associated with the Remote 1 temperature input. 000 = 37.5 sec 001 = 18.8 sec 010 = 12.5 sec 011 = 7.5 sec 100 = 4.7 sec 101 = 3.1 sec 110 = 1.6 sec 111 = 0.8 sec Enhanced Acoustics Register 2 (0x63) Bits (ACOU3), select the ramp rate for PWM outputs associated with the local temperature channel. 000 = 37.5 sec 001 = 18.8 sec 010 = 12.5 sec 011 = 7.5 sec 100 = 4.7 sec 101 = 3.1 sec 110 = 1.6 sec 111 = 0.8 sec Setting the appropriate SLOW bits of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) slows the ramp rate further by a factor of 4. http://onsemi.com 40 ADT7475 Register Tables Table 45. ADT7475 REGISTERS Default Lockable SLOW Remote 1 0x00 − RES Dis THERM Hys 0x00 − 4 3 2 0x00 − 5 4 3 2 0x00 − 5 4 3 2 0x80 − 6 5 4 3 2 0x80 − 6 5 4 3 2 0x80 − 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 − 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − TACH2 High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 − R TACH3 Low Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 0x2D R TACH3 High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 − 0x2E R TACH4 Low Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 0x2F R TACH4 High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0x00 − 0x30 R/W PWM1 Current Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 0x31 R/W PWM2 Current Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 0x32 R/W PWM3 Current Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 0x38 R/W PWM1 Max Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x39 R/W PWM2 Max Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x3A R/W PWM3 Max Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x3D R Device ID Reg 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x75 − 0x3E R Company ID Number 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x41 − 0x40 R/W Config Reg 1 RES TODIS FSPDIS Vx1 FSPD RDY LOCK STRT 0x04 Yes 0x41 R Interrupt Status Reg 1 OOL R2T LT R1T RES VCC VCCP RES 0x00 − 0x42 R Interrupt Status Reg 2 D2 D1 F4P FAN3 FAN2 FAN1 OVT RES 0x00 − 0x46 R/W VCCP Low Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − 0x47 R/W VCCP High Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x48 R/W VCC Low Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 − Addr R/W Desc Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 0x10 R/W Configuration Register 6 Extra Slow VCCP Low RES RES THERM in Manual SLOW Remote 2 SLOW Local 0x11 R Configuration Register 7 RES RES RES RES RES RES 0x21 R VCCP Reading 9 8 7 6 5 0x22 R VCC Reading 9 8 7 6 0x25 R Remote 1 Temp 9 8 7 6 0x26 R Local Temp 9 8 7 0x27 R Remote 2 Temp 9 8 7 0x28 R TACH1 Low Byte 7 6 0x29 R TACH1 High Byte 15 0x2A R TACH2 Low Byte 0x2B R 0x2C http://onsemi.com 41 ADT7475 Table 45. ADT7475 REGISTERS (continued) Addr R/W Desc Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default Lockable 0x49 R/W VCC High Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x4E R/W Remote 1 Temp Low Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x81 − 0x4F R/W Remote 1 Temp High Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x7F − 0x50 R/W Local Temp Low Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x81 − 0x51 R/W Local Temp High Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x7F − 0x52 R/W Remote 2 Temp Low Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x81 − 0x53 R/W Remote 2 Temp High Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x7F − 0x54 R/W TACH1 Minimum Low Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x55 R/W TACH1 Min High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF − 0x56 R/W TACH2 Minimum Low Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x57 R/W TACH2 Min High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF − 0x58 R/W TACH3 Minimum Low Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x59 R/W TACH3 Min High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF − 0x5A R/W TACH4 Minimum Low Byte 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0xFF − 0x5B R/W TACH4 Min High Byte 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 0xFF − 0x5C R/W PWM1 Configuration Register BHVR BHVR BHVR INV RES SPIN SPIN SPIN 0x62 Yes 0x5D R/W PWM2 Configuration Register BHVR BHVR BHVR INV RES SPIN SPIN SPIN 0x62 Yes 0x5E R/W PWM3 Config Register BHVR BHVR BHVR INV RES SPIN SPIN SPIN 0x62 Yes 0x5F R/W Remote 1 TRANGE/ PWM1 Freq RANGE RANGE RANGE RANGE HF/LF FREQ FREQ FREQ 0xC4 Yes 0x60 R/W Local TRANGE/ PWM2 Freq RANGE RANGE RANGE RANGE HF/LF FREQ FREQ FREQ 0xC4 Yes 0x61 R/W Remote 2 TRANGE/ PWM3 Freq RANGE RANGE RANGE RANGE HF/LF FREQ FREQ FREQ 0xC4 Yes 0x62 R/W Enhanced Acoustics Reg 1 MIN3 MIN2 MIN1 SYNC EN1 ACOU1 ACOU1 ACOU1 0x00 Yes 0x63 R/W Enhanced Acoustics Reg 2 EN2 ACOU2 ACOU2 ACOU2 EN3 ACOU3 ACOU3 ACOU3 0x00 Yes 0x64 R/W PWM1 Min Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x80 Yes http://onsemi.com 42 ADT7475 Table 45. ADT7475 REGISTERS (continued) Addr R/W Desc Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Default Lockable 0x65 R/W PWM2 Min Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x80 Yes 0x66 R/W PWM3 Min Duty Cycle 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x80 Yes 0x67 R/W Remote 1 Temp TMIN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x5A Yes 0x68 R/W Local Temp TMIN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x5A Yes 0x69 R/W Remote 2 Temp TMIN 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x5A Yes 0x6A R/W Remote 1 THERM Temp Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x64 Yes 0x6B R/W Local THERM Temp Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x64 Yes 0x6C R/W Remote 2 THERM Temp Limit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x64 Yes 0x6D R/W Remote 1 and Local Temp/TMIN Hysteresis HYSR1 HYSR1 HYSR1 HYSR1 HYSL HYSL HYSL HYSL 0x44 Yes 0x6E R/W Remote 2 Temp/TMIN Hysteresis HYSR2 HYSR2 HYSR2 HYSR2 RES RES RES RES 0x40 Yes 0x6F R/W XNOR Tree Test Enable RES RES RES RES RES RES RES XEN 0x00 Yes 0x70 R/W Remote 1 Temp Offset 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 Yes 0x71 R/W Local Temp Offset 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 Yes 0x72 R/W Remote 2 Temp Offset 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0x00 Yes 0x73 R/W Config Reg 2 SHDN CONV ATTN AVG RES RES RES RES 0x00 Yes 0x74 R/W Interrupt Mask Reg 1 OOL R2T LT R1T RES VCC VCCP RES 0x00 − 0x75 R/W Interrupt Mask Reg 2 D2 D1 F4P FAN3 FAN2 FAN1 OVT RES 0x00 − 0x76 R/W Extended Res 1 RES RES VCC VCC VCCP VCCP RES RES 0x00 − 0x77 R/W Extended Res 2 TDM2 TDM2 LTMP LTMP TDM1 TDM1 RES RES 0x00 − 0x78 R/W Configuration Reg 3 DC4 DC3 DC2 DC1 FAST BOOST THERM ALERT Enable 0x00 Yes 0x79 R THERM Timer Status Register TMR TMR TMR TMR TMR TMR TMR ASRT/ TMRO 0x00 − 0x7A R/W THERM Timer Limit Register LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT LIMT 0x00 − 0x7B R/W TACH Pulses per Revolution FAN4 FAN4 FAN3 FAN3 FAN2 FAN2 FAN1 FAN1 0x55 − 0x7C R/W Configuration Reg 5 R2 THERM O/P Only Local THERM O/P Only R1 THERM O/P Only RES GPIOP GPIOD Temp Offset TWOS COMPL 0x01 Yes 0x7D R/W Configuration Reg 4 RES RES BpAtt VCCP RES Max/ Full on THERM THERM Disable PIN9 FUNC PIN9 FUNC 0x00 Yes 0x7E R Test Reg 1 DO NOT WRITE TO THESE REGISTERS 0x00 Yes 0x7F R Test Reg 2 DO NOT WRITE TO THESE REGISTERS 0x00 Yes http://onsemi.com 43 ADT7475 Table 46. REGISTER 0X10 − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 6 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Notes 1 and 2) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description SLOW Remote 1 R/W When this bit is set, Fan 1 smoothing times are multiplied x4 for Remote 1 temperature channel (as defined in Register 0x62). SLOW Local R/W When this bit is set, Fan 2 smoothing times are multiplied x4 for local temperature channel (as defined in Register 0x63). SLOW Remote 2 R/W When this bit is set, Fan 3 smoothing times are multiplied x4 for Remote 2 temperature channel (as defined in Register 0x63). THERM in Manual R/W When this bit is set, THERM is enabled in manual mode. (Note 1) Reserved N/A Reserved. Do not write to these bits. VCCPLow R/W VCCPLO = 1. When the power is supplied from 3.3 V STANDBY and the core voltage (VCCP) drops below its VCCP low limit value (Register 0x46), the following occurs: Bit 1 in Interrupt Status Register 1 is set. SMBALERT is generated, if enabled. PROCHOT monitoring is disabled. Everything is re-enabled once VCCP increases above the VCCP low limit. When VCCP increases above the low limit: PROCHOT monitoring is enabled. Fans return to their programmed state after a spin-up cycle. ExtraSlow R/W When this bit is set, all fan smoothing times are increased by a further 39.2%. 1. A THERM event always overrides any fan setting (even when fans are disabled). 2. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 47. REGISTER 0X11 − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 7 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Dis THERM Hys R/W Setting This Bit to 1 Disables THERM Hysteresis Description Reserved N/A Reserved. Do Not Write to These Bits 1. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 48. VOLTAGE READING REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Notes 1 and 2) Register Address R/W Description 0x21 Read-only Reflects the Voltage Measurement at the VCCP Input on Pin 14 (8 MSBs of Reading) 0x22 Read-only Reflects the Voltage Measurement at the VCC Input on Pin 3 (8 MSBs of Reading) 1. If the extended resolution bits of these readings are also read, the extended resolution registers (Reg. 0x76, Reg. 0x77) must be read first. Once the extended resolution registers are read, the associated MSB reading registers are frozen until read. Both the extended resolution registers and the MSB registers are frozen. 2. VCC (Pin 3) is the supply voltage for the ADT7475. Table 49. TEMPERATURE READING REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X80) (Notes 1 and 2) Register Address R/W Description ReadingPP 0x25 Read-only Remote 1 Temperature 0x26 Read-only Local Temperature Reading (8 MSBs of Reading) 0x27 Read-only Remote 2 Temperature Reading (8 MSBs of Reading) (8 MSBs of Reading) (Notes 3 and 4) 1. These temperature readings can be in twos complement or Offset 64 format; this interpretation is determined by Bit 0 of Configuration Register 5 (0x7C). 2. If the extended resolution bits of these readings are also read, the extended resolution registers (0x76 and 0x77) must be read first. Once the extended resolution registers are read, all associated MSB reading registers are frozen until read. Both the extended resolution registers and the MSB registers are frozen. 3. In twos complement mode, a temperature reading of −128°C (0x80) indicates a diode fault (open or short) on that channel. 4. In Offset 64 mode, a temperature reading of −64°C (0x00) indicates a diode fault (open or short) on that channel. http://onsemi.com 44 ADT7475 Table 50. FAN TACHOMETER READING REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Register Address R/W 0x28 Read-only TACH1 Low Byte Description 0x29 Read-only TACH1 High Byte 0x2A Read-only TACH2 Low Byte 0x2B Read-only TACH2 High Byte 0x2C Read-only TACH3 Low Byte 0x2D Read-only TACH3 High Byte 0x2E Read-only TACH4 Low Byte 0x2F Read-only TACH4 High Byte 1. These registers count the number of 11.11 ms periods (based on an internal 90 kHz clock) that occur between a number of consecutive fan TACH pulses (default = 2). The number of TACH pulses used to count can be changed using the TACH pulses per revolution register (0x7B). This allows the fan speed to be accurately measured. Because a valid fan tachometer reading requires that two bytes be read, the low byte must be read first. Both the low and high bytes are then frozen until read. At power-on, these registers contain 0x0000 until the first valid fan TACH measurement is read into these registers. This prevents false interrupts from occurring while the fans are spinning up. A count of 0xFFFF indicates that a fan is one of the following: • Stalled or blocked (object jamming the fan). • Failed (internal circuitry destroyed). • Not populated. (The ADT7475 expects to see a fan connected to each TACH. If a fan is not connected to that TACH, its TACH minimum high and low bytes should be set to 0xFFFF.) • Alternate function, for example, TACH4 reconfigured as a THERM pin.). Table 51. CURRENT PWM DUTY CYCLE REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Register Address R/W Description 0x30 R/W PWM1 Current Duty Cycle (0% to 100% Duty Cycle = 0x00 to 0xFF) 0x31 R/W PWM2 Current Duty Cycle (0% to 100% Duty Cycle = 0x00 to 0xFF) 0x32 R/W PWM3 Current Duty Cycle (0% to 100% Duty Cycle = 0x00 to 0xFF) 1. These registers reflect the PWM duty cycle driving each fan at any given time. When in automatic fan speed control mode, the ADT7475 reports the PWM duty cycles back through these registers. The PWM duty cycle values vary according to temperature in automatic fan speed control mode. During fan startup, these registers report back 0x00. In software mode, the PWM duty cycle outputs can be set to any duty cycle value by writing to these registers. Table 52. MAXIMUM PWM DUTY CYCLE REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0XFF) (Notes 1 and 2) Register Address R/W 0x38 R/W Maximum Duty Cycle for PWM1 Output, Default = 100% (0xFF) Description 0x39 R/W Maximum Duty Cycle for PWM2 Output, Default = 100% (0xFF) 0x3A R/W Maximum Duty Cycle for PWM3 Output, Default = 100% (0xFF) 1. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. 2. These registers set the maximum PWM duty cycle of the PWM output. http://onsemi.com 45 ADT7475 Table 53. REGISTER 0X40 − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 1 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X04) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description STRT (Notes 1, 2) R/W Logic 1 enables monitoring and PWM control outputs based on the limit settings programmed. Logic 0 disables monitoring and PWM control based on the default powerup limit settings. Note that the limit values programmed are preserved even if a Logic 0 is written to this bit and the default settings are enabled. This bit does not become locked once Bit 1 (LOCK) has been set. LOCK Write Once Logic 1 locks all limit values to their current settings. Once this bit is set, all lockable registers become read-only and cannot be modified until the ADT7475 is powered down and powered up again. This prevents rogue programs such as viruses from modifying critical system limit settings. This bit is lockable. RDY Read-only This bit is set to 1 by the ADT7475 to indicate only that the device is fully powered up and ready to begin system monitoring. FSPD R/W When set to 1, this bit runs all fans at max speed as programmed in the PWM current duty cycle registers (0x30 to 0x32). Power-on default = 0. This bit is not locked at any time. Vx1 R/W BIOS should set this bit to a 1 when the ADT7475 is configured to measure current from the controller and to measure the CPU’s core voltage. This bit allows monitoring software to display CPU watts usage. This bit is lockable. FSPDIS R/W Logic 1 disables fan spin-up for two TACH pulses. Instead, the PWM outputs go high for the entire fan spin-up timeout selected. TODIS R/W When this bit is set to 1, the SMBus timeout feature is disabled. This allows the ADT7475 to be used with SMBus controllers that cannot handle SMBus timeouts. This bit is lockable. RES Reserved. 1. Bit 0 (STRT) of Configuration Register 1 (0x40) remains writable after the lock bit is set. 2. When monitoring is disabled, PWM outputs always go to 100% for thermal protection. Table 54. REGISTER 0X41 − INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER 1 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description VCCP Read-only VCCP = 1 indicates that the VCCP high or low limit has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. VCC Read-only VCC = 1 indicates that the VCC high or low limit has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. R1T Read-only R1T = 1 indicates that the Remote 1 low or high temperature has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. LT Read-only LT = 1 indicates that the local low or high temperature has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. R2T Read-only R2T = 1 indicates that the Remote 2 low or high temperature has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register only if the error condition has subsided. OOL Read-only OOL = 1 indicates that an out-of-limit event has been latched in Interrupt Status Register 2. This bit is a logical OR of all status bits in Interrupt Status Register 2. Software can test this bit in isolation to determine whether any of the voltage, temperature, or fan speed readings represented by Interrupt Status Register 2 are out-of-limit, which saves the need to read Interrupt Status Register 2 every interrupt or polling cycle. http://onsemi.com 46 ADT7475 Table 55. REGISTER 0X42 − INTERRUPT STATUS REGISTER 2 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description OVT Read-only OVT = 1 indicates that one of the THERM overtemperature limits has been exceeded. This bit is cleared on a read of the status register when the temperature drops below THERM – THYST. FAN1 Read-only FAN1 = 1 indicates that Fan 1 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM1 output is off. FAN2 Read-only FAN2 = 1 indicates that Fan 2 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM2 output is off. FAN3 Read-only FAN3 = 1 indicates that Fan 3 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM3 output is off. F4P Read-only F4P = 1 indicates that Fan 4 has dropped below minimum speed or has stalled. This bit is not set when the PWM3 output is off. When Pin 9 is programmed as a GPIO output, writing to this bit determines the logic output of the GPIO. If Pin 9 is configured as the THERM timer input for THERM monitoring, this bit is set when the THERM assertion time exceeds the limit programmed in the THERM timer limit register (0x7A). R/W Read-only D1 Read-only D1 = 1 indicates either an open or short circuit on the Thermal Diode 1 inputs. D2 Read-only D2 = 1 indicates either an open or short circuit on the Thermal Diode 2 inputs. Table 56. VOLTAGE LIMIT REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W 0x46 R/W VCCP Low Limit 0x00 0x47 R/W VCCP High Limit 0xFF 0x48 R/W VCC Low Limit 0x00 0x49 R/W VCC High Limit 0xFF Description (Note 2) Power-On Default 1. Setting the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit has no effect on these registers. 2. High limits: an interrupt is generated when a value exceeds its high limit (> comparison); low limits: an interrupt is generated when a value is equal to or below its low limit (≤ comparison). Table 57. TEMPERATURE LIMIT REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W 0x4E R/W Remote 1 Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x4F R/W Remote 1 Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x50 R/W Local Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x51 R/W Local Temperature High Limit 0x7F 0x52 R/W Remote 2 Temperature Low Limit 0x81 0x53 R/W Remote 2 Temperature High Limit 0x7F Description (Note 2) Power-On Default 1. Exceeding any of these temperature limits by 1°C causes the appropriate status bit to be set in the interrupt status register. Setting the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit has no effect on these registers. 2. High limits: an interrupt is generated when a value exceeds its high limit (> comparison); low limits: an interrupt is generated when a value is equal to or below its low limit (≤ comparison). http://onsemi.com 47 ADT7475 Table 58. FAN TACHOMETER LIMIT REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W 0x54 R/W TACH1 Minimum Low Byte Description Power-On Default 0xFF 0x55 R/W TACH1 Minimum High Byte/Single-channel ADC Channel Select 0xFF 0x56 R/W TACH2 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x57 R/W TACH2 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x58 R/W TACH3 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x59 R/W TACH3 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 0x5A R/W TACH4 Minimum Low Byte 0xFF 0x5B R/W TACH4 Minimum High Byte 0xFF 1. Exceeding any of the TACH limit registers by 1 indicates that the fan is running too slowly or has stalled. The appropriate status bit is set in Interrupt Status Register 2 to indicate the fan failure. Setting the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit has no effect on these registers. Table 59. REGISTER 0X55 − TACH1 MINIMUM HIGH BYTE (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0XFF) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description Reserved Read-only These bits are reserved when Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) is set (single-channel ADC mode). Otherwise, these bits represent Bits of the TACH1 minimum high byte register. SCADC R/W When Bit 6 of Configuration Register 2 (0x73) is set (single-channel ADC mode), these bits are used to select the only channel from which the ADC makes measurements. Otherwise, these bits represent Bits of the TACH1 minimum high byte register. Table 60. PWM CONFIGURATION REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W Description Power-On Default 0x5C R/W PWM1 Configuration 0x62 0x5D R/W PWM2 Configuration 0x62 0x5E R/W PWM3 Configuration 0x62 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 61. REGISTER 0X05C, REGISTER 0X5D, AND REGISTER 0X5E − PWM CONFIGURATION REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X62) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description SPIN R/W These bits control the startup timeout for PWMx. The PWM output stays high until two valid TACH rising edges are seen from the fan. If there is not a valid TACH signal during the fan TACH measurement directly after the fan startup timeout period, the TACH measurement reads 0xFFFF and Interrupt Status Register 2 reflects the fan fault. If the TACH minimum high and low bytes contain 0xFFFF or 0x0000, the Interrupt Status Register 2 bit is not set, even if the fan has not started. 000 = No Startup Timeout 001 = 100 ms 010 = 250 ms (Default) 011 = 400 ms 100 = 667 ms 101 = 1 sec 110 = 2 sec 111 = 4 sec INV R/W This bit inverts the PWM output. The default is 0, which corresponds to a logic high output for 100% duty cycle. Setting this bit to 1 inverts the PWM output so that 100% duty cycle corresponds to a logic low output. BHVR R/W These bits assign each fan to a particular temperature sensor for localized cooling. 000 = Remote 1 temperature controls PWMx (automatic fan control mode). 001 = Local temperature controls PWMx (automatic fan control mode). 010 = Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx (automatic fan control mode). 011 = PWMx runs full speed. 100 = PWMx disabled (default). 101 = Fastest speed calculated by local and Remote 2 temperature controls PWMx. 110 = Fastest speed calculated by all three temperature channel controls PWMx. 111 = Manual Mode. PWM duty cycle registers (0x30 to 0x32) become writable. http://onsemi.com 48 ADT7475 Table 62. TEMP TRANGE/PWM FREQUENCY REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W 0x5F R/W Remote 1 TRANGE/PWM1 Frequency Description Power-On Default 0xC4 0x60 R/W Local TRANGE/PWM2 Frequency 0xC4 0x61 R/W Remote 2 TRANGE/PWM3 Frequency 0xC4 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 63. REGISTER 0X05F, REGISTER 0X60, AND REGISTER 0X61 − TEMP TRANGE/PWM FREQUENCY REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0XC4) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description FREQ R/W These bits control the PWMx frequency. 000 = 11.0 Hz 001 = 14.7 Hz 010 = 22.1 Hz 011 = 29.4 Hz 100 = 35.3 Hz (Default) 101 = 44.1 Hz 110 = 58.8 Hz 111 = 88.2 Hz HF/LF R/W HF/LF = 1, enables high frequency PWM output for 4-wire fans. Once enabled, 3-wire fan specific settings have no effect (this means, pulse stretching). RANGE R/W These bits determine the PWM duty cycle vs. the temperature slope for automatic fan control. 0000 = 2°C 0001 = 2.5°C 0010 = 3.33°C 0011 = 4°C 0100 = 5°C 0101 = 6.67°C 0110 = 8°C 0111 = 10°C 1000 = 13.33°C 1001 = 16°C 1010 = 20°C 1011 = 26.67°C 1100 = 32°C (Default) 1101 = 40°C 1110 = 53.33°C 1111 = 80°C http://onsemi.com 49 ADT7475 Table 64. REGISTER 0X62 − ENHANCED ACOUSTICS REGISTER 1 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W ACOU1 R/W Description Assuming that PWMx is associated with the Remote 1 temperature channel, these bits define the maximum rate of change of the PWMx output for Remote 1 temperature related changes. Instead of the fan speed jumping instantaneously to its newly determined speed, it ramps gracefully at the rate determined by these bits. This feature ultimately enhances the acoustics of the fan. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 0 Time Slot Increase 000 = 1 001 = 2 010 = 3 011 = 4 100 = 8 101 = 12 110 = 24 111 = 48 Time for 0% to 100% 37.5 sec 18.8 sec 12.5 sec 7.5 sec 4.7 sec 3.1 sec 1.6 sec 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 1 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 001 = 2 010 = 3 011 = 4 100 = 8 101 = 12 110 = 24 111 = 48 52.2 sec 26.1 sec 17.4 sec 10.4 sec 6.5 sec 4.4 sec 2.2 sec 1.1 sec EN1 R/W When this bit is 1, smoothing is enabled on the Remote 1 temperature channel. SYNC R/W SYNC = 1 synchronizes fan speed measurements on TACH2, TACH3, and TACH4 to PWM3. This allows up to three fans to be driven from PWM3 output and their speeds to be measured. SYNC = 0 synchronizes only TACH3 and TACH4 to PWM3 output. MIN1 R/W When the ADT7475 is in automatic fan control mode, this bit defines whether PWM1 is off (0% duty cycle) or at PWM1 minimum duty cycle when the controlling temperature is below its TMIN – hysteresis value. 0 = 0% duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1 = PWM1 minimum duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. MIN2 R/W When the ADT7475 is in automatic fan speed control mode, this bit defines whether PWM2 is off (0% duty cycle) or at PWM2 minimum duty cycle when the controlling temperature is below its TMIN – hysteresis value. 0 = 0% duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1 = PWM 2 minimum duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. MIN3 R/W When the ADT7475 is in automatic fan speed control mode, this bit defines whether PWM3 is off (0% duty cycle) or at PWM3 minimum duty cycle when the controlling temperature is below its TMIN – hysteresis value. 0 = 0% duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1 = PWM3 minimum duty cycle below TMIN – hysteresis. 1. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. http://onsemi.com 50 ADT7475 Table 65. REGISTER 0X63 − ENHANCED ACOUSTICS REGISTER 2 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description ACOU3 R/W Assuming that PWMx is associated with the local temperature channel, these bits define the maximum rate of change of the PWMx output for local temperature related changes. Instead of the fan speed jumping instantaneously to its newly determined speed, it ramps gracefully at the rate determined by these bits. This feature ultimately enhances the acoustics of the fan. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 0 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 001 = 2 010 = 3 011 = 4 100 = 8 101 = 12 110 = 24 111 = 48 37.5 sec 18.8 sec 12.5 sec 7.5 sec 4.7 sec 3.1 sec 1.6 sec 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 1 Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 001 = 2 010 = 3 011 = 4 100 = 8 101 = 12 110 = 24 111 = 48 52.2 sec 26.1 sec 17.4 sec 10.4 sec 6.5 sec 4.4 sec 2.2 sec 1.1 sec EN3 R/W When this bit is 1, smoothing is enabled on the Local temperature channel. ACOU2 R/W Assuming that PWMx is associated with the Remote 2 temperature channel, these bits define the maximum rate of change of the PWMx output for Remote 2 temperature related changes. Instead of the fan speed jumping instantaneously to its newly determined speed, it ramps gracefully at the rate determined by these bits. This feature ultimately enhances the acoustics of the fan. When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 0 Time Slot Increase 000 = 1 001 = 2 010 = 3 011 = 4 100 = 8 101 = 12 110 = 24 111 = 48 Time for 0% to 100% 37.5 sec 18.8 sec 12.5 sec 7.5 sec 4.7 sec 3.1 sec 1.6 sec 0.8 sec When Bit 7 of Configuration Register 6 (0x10) is 1 EN2 R/W Time Slot Increase Time for 0% to 100% 000 = 1 001 = 2 010 = 3 011 = 4 100 = 8 101 = 12 110 = 24 111 = 48 52.2 sec 26.1 sec 17.4 sec 10.4 sec 6.5 sec 4.4 sec 2.2 sec 1.1 sec When this bit is 1, smoothing is enabled on the Remote 2 temperature channel. 1. This register becomes read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to this register fail. Table 66. PWM MINIMUM DUTY CYCLE REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W Description 0x64 R/W PWM1 Minimum Duty Cycle 0x80 (50% Duty Cycle) 0x65 R/W PWM2 Minimum Duty Cycle 0x80 (50% Duty Cycle) 0x66 R/W PWM3 Minimum Duty Cycle 0x80 (50% Duty Cycle) 1. These registers become read-only when the ADT7475 is in automatic fan control mode. http://onsemi.com 51 Power-On Default ADT7475 Table 67. REGISTER 0X64, REGISTER 0X65, REGISTER 0X66 − PWM MINIMUM DUTY CYCLE REGISTERS (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X80; 50% DUTY CYCLE) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W PWM Duty Cycle R/W Description These bits define the PWMMIN duty cycle for PWMx. 0x00 = 0% Duty Cycle (Fan Off) 0x40 = 25% Duty Cycle 0x80 = 50% Duty Cycle 0xFF = 100% Duty Cycle (Fan Full Speed) Table 68. TMIN REGISTERS (Note 1 and 2) Register Address R/W 0x67 R/W Remote 1 Temperature TMIN Description Power-On Default 0x5A (90°C) 0x68 R/W Local Temperature TMIN 0x5A (90°C) 0x69 R/W Remote 2 Temperature TMIN 0x5A (90°C) 1. These are the TMIN registers for each temperature channel. When the temperature measured exceeds TMIN, the appropriate fan runs at minimum speed and increases with temperature according to TRANGE. 2. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 69. THERM TEMPERATURE LIMIT REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W (Note 2) 0x6A R/W Remote 1 THERM Temperature Limit 0x64 (100°C) 0x6B R/W Local THERM Temperature Limit 0x64 (100°C) 0x6C R/W Remote 2 THERM Temperature Limit 0x64 (100°C) Description Power-On Default 1. If any temperature measured exceeds its THERM limit, all PWM outputs drive their fans at 100% duty cycle. This is a fail-safe mechanism incorporated to cool the system in the event of a critical overtemperature. It also ensures some level of cooling in the event that software or hardware locks up. If set to 0x80, this feature is disabled. The PWM output remains at 100% until the temperature drops below a THERM Limit − Hysteresis. If the THERM pin is programmed as an output, then exceeding these limits by 0.25°C can cause the THERM pin to assert low as an output. 2. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 70. TEMPERATURE/TMIN HYSTERESIS REGISTERS (Note 1) Register Address R/W (Note 2) 0x6D R/W Bit Name Description Power-On Default Remote 1 and local temperature hysteresis. Local temperature hysteresis. 0°C to 15°C of hysteresis can be applied to the local temperature and AFC loops. 0x44 HYSL HYSR1 0x6E R/W HYSR2 Remote 1 temperature hysteresis. 0°C to 15°C of hysteresis can be applied to the Remote 1 temperature and AFC loops. Remote 2 temperature hysteresis. Local temperature hysteresis. 0°C to 15°C of hysteresis can be applied to the local temperature and AFC loops. 0x40 1. Each 4-bit value controls the amount of temperature hysteresis applied to a particular temperature channel. Once the temperature for that channel falls below its TMIN value, the fan remains running at PWMMIN duty cycle until the temperature = TMIN − hysteresis. Up to 15°C of hysteresis can be assigned to any temperature channel. The hysteresis value chosen also applies to that temperature channel, if its THERM limit is exceeded. The PWM output being controlled goes to 100%, if the THERM limit is exceeded and remains at 100% until the temperature drops below THERM − hysteresis. For acoustic reasons, it is recommended that the hysteresis value not be programmed to less than 4°C. Setting the hysteresis value lower than 4°C causes the fan to switch on and off regularly when the temperature is close to TMIN. 2. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. http://onsemi.com 52 ADT7475 Table 71. XNOR TREE TEST ENABLE REGISTER (Note 1) Register Address R/W 0x6F R/W Bit Name Description Power-On Default 0x00 XEN XNOR tree test enable register. If the XEN bit is set to 1, the device enters the XNOR tree test mode. Clearing the bit removes the device from the XNOR tree test mode. RES Unused. Do not write to these bits. 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 72. REMOTE 1 TEMPERATURE OFFSET REGISTER (Note 1) Register Address R/W Bit Name Description Power-On Default 0x70 R/W Remote 1 temperature offset. Allows a twos complement offset value to be automatically added to or subtracted from the Remote 1 temperature reading. This is to compensate for any inherent system offsets such as PCB trace resistance. LSB value = 0.5°C. 0x00 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 73. LOCAL TEMPERATURE OFFSET REGISTER (Note 1) Register Address R/W Bit Name 0x71 R/W Description Local temperature offset. Allows a twos complement offset value to be automatically added to or subtracted from the local temperature reading. LSB value = 0.5°C. Power-On Default 0x00 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 74. REMOTE 2 TEMPERATURE OFFSET REGISTER (Note 1) Register Address R/W Bit Name Description Power-On Default 0x72 R/W Remote 2 temperature offset. Allows a twos complement offset value to be automatically added to or subtracted from the Remote 2 temperature reading. This is to compensate for any inherent system offsets such as PCB trace resistance. LSB value = 0.5°C. 0x00 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. http://onsemi.com 53 ADT7475 Table 75. REGISTER 0X73 − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 2 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic RES R/W Description AVG R/W AVG = 1, averaging on the temperature and voltage measurements is turned off. This allows measurements on each channel to be made much faster. ATTN R/W ATTN = 1, the ADT7475 removes the attenuators from the VCCP input. The VCCP input can be used for other functions such as connecting up external sensors. CONV R/W CONV = 1, the ADT7475 is put into a single-channel ADC conversion mode. In this mode, the ADT7475 can be made to read continuously from one input only, for example, Remote 1 temperature. The appropriate ADC channel is selected by writing to Bits of TACH1 minimum high byte register (0x55). Reserved. Register 0x55, Bits 000 Reserved 001 VCCP 010 VCC (3.3 V) 011 Reserved 100 Reserved 101 Remote 1 Temperature 110 Local Temperature 111 Remote 2 Temperature SHDN R/W SHDN = 1, ADT7475 goes into shutdown mode. All PWM outputs assert low (or high depending on state of the INV bit) to switch off all fans. The PWM current duty cycle registers read 0x00 to indicate that the fans are not being driven. 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 76. REGISTER 0X74 − INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 1 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description VCCP R/W VCCP = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the VCCP channel. VCC R/W VCC = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the VCC channel. R1T R/W R1T = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the Remote 1 temperature channel. LT R/W LT = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the local temperature channel. R2T R/W R2T = 1, masks SMBALERT for out-of-limit conditions on the Remote 2 temperature channel. OOL R/W OOL = 0, when one or more alerts are generated in Interrupt Status Register 2, assuming that all the mask bits in the Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) = 1, SMBALERT is still asserted. OOL = 1, when one or more alerts are generated in Interrupt Status Register 2, assuming that all the mask bits in the Interrupt Mask Register 2 (0x75) = 1, SMBALERT is not asserted. Table 77. REGISTER 0X75 − INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 2 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W OVT Read-only Description FAN1 R/W FAN1 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 1 fault. FAN2 R/W FAN2 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 2 fault. FAN3 R/W FAN3 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 3 fault. F4P R/W F4P = 1, masks SMBALERT for a Fan 4 fault. If the TACH4 pin is being used as the THERM input, this bit masks SMBALERT for a THERM timer event. D1 R/W D1 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a diode open or short on a Remote 1 channel. D2 R/W D2 = 1, masks SMBALERT for a diode open or short on a Remote 2 channel. OVT = 1, masks SMBALERT for overtemperature THERM conditions. Table 78. REGISTER 0X76 − EXTENDED RESOLUTION REGISTER 1 (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description VCCP R/W VCCP LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit VCCP measurement. VCC R/W VCC LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit VCC measurement. 1. If this register is read, this register and the registers holding the MSB of each reading are frozen until read. http://onsemi.com 54 ADT7475 Table 79. REGISTER 0X77 − EXTENDED RESOLUTION REGISTER 2 (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W TDM1 R/W Remote 1 temperature LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit Remote 1 temperature measurement. Description LTMP R/W Local temperature LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit local temperature measurement. TDM2 R/W Remote 2 temperature LSBs. Holds the 2 LSBs of the 10-bit Remote 2 temperature measurement. 1. If this register is read, this register and the registers holding the MSB of each reading are frozen until read. Table 80. REGISTER 0X78 − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 3 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description ALERT Enable R/W ALERT = 1, Pin 5 (PWM2/SMBALERT) is configured as an SMBALERT interrupt output to indicate out-of-limit error conditions. THERM R/W THERM Enable = 1 enables THERM timer monitoring functionality on Pin 9. Also determined by Bit 0 and Bit 1 (PIN9FUNC) of Configuration Register 4. When THERM is asserted, if the fans are running and the boost bit is set, the fans run at full speed. Alternatively, THERM can be programmed so that a timer is triggered to time how long THERM has been asserted. BOOST R/W When THERM is an input and BOOST = 1, assertion of THERM causes all fans to run at the maximum programmed duty cycle for fail-safe cooling. FAST R/W FAST = 1, enables fast TACH measurements on all channels. This increases the TACH measurement rate from once per second to once every 250 ms (4x). DC1 R/W DC1 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH1. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching because it is not required for dc-driven motors. DC2 R/W DC2 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH2. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching because it is not required for dc-driven motors. DC3 R/W DC3 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH3. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching because it is not required for dc-driven motors. DC4 R/W DC4 = 1, enables TACH measurements to be continuously made on TACH4. Fans must be driven by dc. Setting this bit prevents pulse stretching because it is not required for dc-driven motors. 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 81. REGISTER 0X79 − THERM TIMER STATUS REGISTER (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description ASRT/ TMR0 Read-only This bit is set high on the assertion of the THERM input and is cleared on read. If the THERM assertion time exceeds 45.52 ms, this bit is set and becomes the LSB of the 8-bit TMR reading. This allows THERM assertion times from 45.52 ms to 5.82 sec to be reported back with a resolution of 22.76 ms. TMR Read-only Times how long THERM input is asserted. These seven bits read zero until the THERM assertion time exceeds 45.52 ms. Table 82. THERM TIMER LIMIT REGISTER (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description LIMT R/W Sets the maximum THERM assertion length allowed before an interrupt is generated. This is an 8-bit limit with a resolution of 22.76 ms allowing THERM assertion limits of 45.52 ms to 5.82 sec to be programmed. If the THERM assertion time exceeds this limit, Bit 5 (F4P) of Interrupt Status Register 2 (0x42) is set. If the limit value is 0x00, an interrupt is generated immediately on the assertion of the THERM input. http://onsemi.com 55 ADT7475 Table 83. REGISTER 0X7B − TACH PULSES PER REVOLUTION REGISTER (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X55) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W FAN1 R/W Sets the number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 1 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for an unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (Default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 Description FAN2 R/W Sets the number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 2 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for an unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (Default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 FAN3 R/W Sets the number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 3 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for an unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (Default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 FAN4 R/W Sets the number of pulses to be counted when measuring Fan 4 speed. Can be used to determine fan pulses per revolution for an unknown fan type. Pulses Counted 00 = 1 01 = 2 (Default) 10 = 3 11 = 4 Table 84. REGISTER 0X7C − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 5 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Description TWOS COMPL R/W Twos complement = 1, sets the temperature range to twos complement temperature range. Twos complement = 0, changes the temperature range to Offset 64. When this bit is changed, the ADT7475 interprets all relevant temperature register values as defined by this bit. TempOffset R/W TempOffset = 0, sets offset range to −63°C to +64°C with 0.5°C resolution. TempOffset = 1, sets offset range to −63°C to +127°C with 1°C resolution. These settings apply to the 0x70, 0x71, and 0x72 registers (Remote 1, local, and Remote 2 temperature offset registers). GPIOD R/W GPIO direction. When the GPIO function is enabled, this determines whether the GPIO is an input (0) or an output (1). GPIOP R/W GPIO polarity. When the GPIO function is enabled and is programmed as an output, this bit determines whether the GPIO is active low (0) or high (1). RES R1 THERM R/W Reserved. R1 THERM = 0, THERM temperature limit functionality is enabled for the Remote 1 temperature channel. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. Local THERM R/W Local THERM = 0, THERM temperature limit functionality enabled for local temperature channel. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In Offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. R2 THERM R/W R2 THERM = 0, THERM temperature limit functionality enabled for Remote 2 temperature channel. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In offset 64 mode, writing 64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing 128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. http://onsemi.com 56 ADT7475 Table 85. REGISTER 0X7D − CONFIGURATION REGISTER 4 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) (Note 1) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W PIN9FUNC R/W These bits set the functionality of Pin 9: 00 = TACH4 (Default) 01 = Bidirectional THERM 10 = SMBALERT 11 = GPIO Description THERM Disable R/W THERM Disable = 0, THERM overtemperature output is enabled assuming THERM is correctly configured (Register 0x78, Register 0x7C, and Register 0x7D). THERM Disable = 1, THERM overtemperature output is disabled on all channels. THERM can also be disabled on any channel by the following: In Offset 64 mode, writing −64°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. In twos complement mode, writing −128°C to the appropriate THERM temperature limit. Max/Full on THERM R/W Max/Full on THERM = 0. When THERM limit is exceeded, fans go to full speed. Max/Full on THERM = 1. When THERM limit is exceeded, fans go to maximum speed as defined in Register 0x38, Register 0x39, and Register 0x3A. RES BpAttVCCP RES Unused. R/W Bypass VCCP attenuator. When set, the measurement scale for this channel changes from 0 V (0x00) to 2.2965 V (0xFF). Unused. 1. These registers become read-only when the Configuration Register 1 Lock bit is set to 1. Any subsequent attempts to write to these registers fail. Table 86. REGISTER 0X7E − MANUFACTURER’S TEST REGISTER 1 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Reserved Read-only Description Manufacturer’s test register. These bits are reserved for manufacturer’s test purposes and should not be written to under normal operation. Table 87. REGISTER 0X7F − MANUFACTURER’S TEST REGISTER 2 (POWER-ON DEFAULT = 0X00) Bit No. Mnemonic R/W Reserved Read-only Description Manufacturer’s test register. These bits are reserved for manufacturer’s test purposes and should not be written to under normal operation. Table 88. ORDERING INFORMATION Device Number* Temperature Range Package Type Package Option Shipping† ADT7475ARQZ−REEL −40°C to +125°C 16-lead QSOP RQ−16 2,500 Tape & Reel †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. *The “Z’’ suffix indicates Pb-Free part. Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation. http://onsemi.com 57 MECHANICAL CASE OUTLINE PACKAGE DIMENSIONS QSOP16 CASE 492−01 ISSUE A DATE 23 MAR 2011 2X SCALE 2:1 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETERS. 3. DIMENSION b DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. 4. DIMENSION D DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS, OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS, OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EX­ CEED 0.005 PER SIDE. DIMENSION E1 DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION. IN­ TERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION SHALL NOT EX­ CEED 0.005 PER SIDE. D AND E1 ARE DETERMINED AT DATUM H. 5. DATUMS A AND B ARE DETERMINED AT DATUM H. 0.20 C D D 16 L2 D A 9 GAUGE PLANE SEATING PLANE E E1 C L C DETAIL A 2X 2X 10 TIPS 0.20 C D 1 8 16X e B b 0.25 A2 0.10 C 0.10 C A1 16X C 0.25 C D M C A-B D h x 45 _ A SEATING PLANE M 1.12 9 XXXXXXX XXXXXXX YYWWG 6.40 1 8 0.635 PITCH DOCUMENT NUMBER: DESCRIPTION: MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 1.24 ---0.20 0.30 0.19 0.25 4.89 BSC 6.00 BSC 3.90 BSC 0.635 BSC 0.22 0.50 0.40 1.27 0.25 BSC 0_ 8_ 16X 0.42 16 DETAIL A INCHES MIN MAX 0.053 0.069 0.004 0.010 0.049 ---0.008 0.012 0.007 0.010 0.193 BSC 0.237 BSC 0.154 BSC 0.025 BSC 0.009 0.020 0.016 0.050 0.010 BSC 0_ 8_ GENERIC MARKING DIAGRAM* SOLDERING FOOTPRINT 16X H DIM A A1 A2 b c D E E1 e h L L2 M XXXXX YY WW G = Specific Device Code = Year = Work Week = Pb−Free Package *This information is generic. Please refer to device data sheet for actual part marking. Pb−Free indicator, “G”, may or not be present. DIMENSIONS: MILLIMETERS 98AON04472D QSOP16 Electronic versions are uncontrolled except when accessed directly from the Document Repository. Printed versions are uncontrolled except when stamped “CONTROLLED COPY” in red. PAGE 1 OF 1 ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. 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