CS8190_06

CS8190 Precision Air−Core Tach/Speedo Driver with Return to Zero The CS8190 is specifically designed for use with air−core meter movements. The IC provides all the functions necessary for an analog tachometer or speedometer. The CS8190 takes a speed sensor input and generates sine and cosine related output signals to differentially drive an air−core meter. Many enhancements have been added over industry standard tachometer drivers such as the CS289 or LM1819. The output utilizes differential drivers which eliminates the need for a zener reference and offers more torque. The device withstands 60 V transients which decreases the protection circuitry required. The device is also more precise than existing devices allowing for fewer trims and for use in a speedometer. Features http://onsemi.com 16 1 PDIP−16 NF SUFFIX CASE 648 20 1 SO−20W DWF SUFFIX CASE 751D • • • • • • • • PIN CONNECTIONS AND MARKING DIAGRAM PDIP−16 1 CP+ SQOUT FREQIN GND GND COS+ COS− VCC 16 CP− F/VOUT VREG GND GND SINE+ SINE− BIAS SO−20W 1 CP+ SQOUT FREQIN GND GND GND GND COS+ COS− VCC 20 CP− F/VOUT VREG GND GND GND GND SIN+ SIN− BIAS Direct Sensor Input High Output Torque Low Pointer Flutter High Input Impedance Overvoltage Protection Return to Zero Internally Fused Leads in PDIP−16 and SO−20W Packages Pb−Free Packages are Available* CS8190ENF16 AWLYYWWG CS−8190 AWLYYWWG A WL YY WW G = Assembly Location = Wafer Lot = Year = Work Week = Pb−Free Package ORDERING INFORMATION See detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 10 of this data sheet. *For additional information on our Pb−Free strategy and soldering details, please download the ON Semiconductor Soldering and Mounting Techniques Reference Manual, SOLDERRM/D. © Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2006 1 June, 2006 − Rev. 6 Publication Order Number: CS8190/D CS8190 BIAS CP+ SQOUT Input Comp. FREQIN + − Charge Pump + − F/VOUT CP− VREG Voltage Regulator GND VREG 7.0 V GND GND GND COS+ − + + − Func. Gen. − + + − SINE+ COS Output SINE Output COS− High Voltage Protection SINE− VCC Figure 1. Block Diagram ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS Rating Supply Voltage, VCC Operating Temperature Storage Temperature Junction Temperature ESD (Human Body Model) Lead Temperature Soldering: Wave Solder (through hole styles only) (Note 1) Reflow: (SMD styles only) (Note 2) < 100 ms Pulse Transient Continuous Value 60 24 −40 to +105 −40 to +165 −40 to +150 4.0 260 peak 230 peak Unit V V °C °C °C kV °C °C Stresses exceeding Maximum Ratings may damage the device. Maximum Ratings are stress ratings only. Functional operation above the Recommended Operating Conditions is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses above the Recommended Operating Conditions may affect device reliability. 1. 10 seconds maximum. 2. 60 second maximum above 183°C. http://onsemi.com 2 CS8190 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (−40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 15 V, unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic SUPPLY VOLTAGE SECTION ICC Supply Current VCC Normal Operation Range INPUT COMPARATOR SECTION Positive Input Threshold Input Hysteresis Input Bias Current (Note 3) Input Frequency Range Input Voltage Range Output VSAT Output Leakage Low VCC Disable Threshold Logic 0 Input Voltage VOLTAGE REGULATOR SECTION Output Voltage Output Load Current Output Load Regulation Output Line Regulation Power Supply Rejection CHARGE PUMP SECTION Inverting Input Voltage Input Bias Current VBIAS Input Voltage Non Invert. Input Voltage Linearity (Note 4) F/VOUT Gain Norton Gain, Positive Norton Gain, Negative IIN = 1.0 mA @ 0, 87.5, 175, 262.5, + 350 Hz @ 350 Hz, CCP = 0.0033 mF, RT = 243 kW IIN = 15 mA IIN = 15 mA − − − 1.5 − 1.5 − −0.10 7.0 0.9 0.9 2.0 40 2.0 0.7 0.28 10 1.0 1.0 2.5 150 2.5 1.1 +0.70 13 1.1 1.1 V nA V V % mV/Hz I/I I/I 0 to 10 mA 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V VCC = 13.1 V, 1.0 VP/P 1.0 kHz − − 6.25 − − − 34 7.00 − 10 20 46 7.50 10 50 150 − V mA mV mV dB in series with 1.0 kW ICC = 10 mA VCC = 7.0 V − − 0 V ≤ VIN ≤ 8.0 V − − − 1.0 200 − 0 −1.0 − − 7.0 1.0 2.0 500 −10 − − 0.15 − 8.0 − 3.0 − −80 20 VCC 0.40 10 8.5 − V mV mA kHz V V mA V V VCC = 16 V, −40°C, No Load − − 8.5 50 13.1 125 16 mA V Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit FUNCTION GENERATOR SECTION: −405C 3 TA 3 855C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted Return to Zero Threshold Differential Drive Voltage, (VCOS+ − VCOS−) Differential Drive Voltage, (VSIN+ − VSIN−) Differential Drive Voltage, (VCOS+ − VCOS−) Differential Drive Voltage, (VSIN+ − VSIN−) Differential Drive Current Zero Hertz Output Angle 3. Input is clamped by an internal 12 V Zener. 4. Applies to % of full scale (270°). TA = 25°C 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, q = 0° 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, q = 90° 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, q = 180° 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V, q = 270° 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V − 5.2 5.5 5.5 −7.5 −7.5 − −1.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 −6.5 −6.5 33 0 7.0 7.5 7.5 −5.5 −5.5 42 1.5 V V V V V mA deg http://onsemi.com 3 CS8190 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (−40°C ≤ TA ≤ 85°C, 8.5 V ≤ VCC ≤ 15 V, unless otherwise specified.) Characteristic Test Conditions Min Typ Max Unit FUNCTION GENERATOR SECTION: −405C 3 TA 3 855C, VCC = 13.1 V unless otherwise noted (continued) Function Generator Error (Note 5) Reference Figures 2, 3, 4, 5 Function Generator Error Function Generator Error Function Generator Error Function Generator Error Function Generator Error Function Generator Error Function Generator Gain VCC = 13.1 V q = 0° to 305° 13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 16 V 13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 11 V 13.1 V ≤ VCC ≤ 9.0 V 25°C ≤ TA ≤ 80°C 25°C ≤ TA ≤ 105°C −40°C ≤ TA ≤ 25°C TA = 25°C, q vs F/VOUT −2.0 −2.5 −1.0 −3.0 −3.0 −5.5 −3.0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 77 +2.0 +2.5 +1.0 +3.0 +3.0 +5.5 +3.0 95 deg deg deg deg deg deg deg °/V 5. Deviation from nominal per Table 1 after calibration at 0° and 270°. PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTION PACKAGE PIN # PDIP−16 1 2 3 4, 5, 12, 13 6 7 8 9 10 11 14 15 16 SO−20W 1 2 3 4−7, 14−17 8 9 10 11 12 13 18 19 20 PIN SYMBOL CP+ SQOUT FREQIN GND COS+ COS− VCC BIAS SIN− SIN+ VREG F/VOUT CP− FUNCTION Positive input to charge pump. Buffered square wave output signal. Speed or RPM input signal. Ground Connections. Positive cosine output signal. Negative cosine output signal. Ignition or battery supply voltage. Test point or zero adjustment. Negative sine output signal. Positive sine output signal. Voltage regulator output. Output voltage proportional to input signal frequency. Negative input to charge pump. http://onsemi.com 4 CS8190 TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS F VOUT + 2.0 V ) 2.0 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 −1 −2 −3 −4 −5 −6 −7 7 COS F/V Output (V) 6 5 4 3 2 SIN 0 45 90 135 180 225 Degrees of Deflection (°) 270 315 1 0 0 45 90 135 180 225 270 Frequency/Output Angle (°) 315 FREQ CCP RT (VREG * 0.7 V) Output Voltage (V) Figure 2. Function Generator Output Voltage vs. Degrees of Deflection 7.0 V (VSINE+) − (VSINE−) 1.50 1.25 1.00 0.75 0.50 0.25 0.00 −0.25 −0.50 −0.75 −1.00 −1.25 −1.50 0 Figure 3. Charge Pump Output Voltage vs. Output Angle q −7.0 V Angle 7.0 V (VCOS+) − (VCOS−) VSIN ) * VSIN * VCOS ) * VCOS * Q + ARCTAN −7.0 V Deviation (°) 45 90 225 135 180 Theoretical Angle (°) 270 315 Figure 4. Output Angle in Polar Form 45 40 Ideal Angle (Degrees) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1 5 9 13 17 Figure 5. Nominal Output Deviation Ideal Degrees Nominal Degrees 25 29 21 Nominal Angle (Degrees) 33 37 41 45 Figure 6. Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 1805) http://onsemi.com 5 CS8190 Table 1. Function Generator Output Nominal Angle vs. Ideal Angle (After Calibrating at 2705) Ideal q Degrees 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Nominal q Degrees 0 1.09 2.19 3.29 4.38 5.47 6.56 7.64 8.72 9.78 10.84 11.90 12.94 13.97 14.99 16.00 17.00 Ideal q Degrees 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Nominal q Degrees 17.98 18.96 19.92 20.86 21.79 22.71 23.61 24.50 25.37 26.23 27.07 27.79 28.73 29.56 30.39 31.24 32.12 Ideal q Degrees 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 50 55 60 65 70 Nominal q Degrees 33.04 34.00 35.00 36.04 37.11 38.21 39.32 40.45 41.59 42.73 43.88 45.00 50.68 56.00 60.44 64.63 69.14 Ideal q Degrees 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 Nominal q Degrees 74.00 79.16 84.53 90.00 95.47 100.84 106.00 110.86 115.37 119.56 124.00 129.32 135.00 140.68 146.00 150.44 154.63 Ideal q Degrees 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 Nominal q Degrees 159.14 164.00 169.16 174.33 180.00 185.47 190.84 196.00 200.86 205.37 209.56 214.00 219.32 225.00 230.58 236.00 240.44 Ideal q Degrees 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 Nominal q Degrees 244.63 249.14 254.00 259.16 264.53 270.00 275.47 280.84 286.00 290.86 295.37 299.21 303.02 Note: Temperature, voltage and nonlinearity not included. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION and APPLICATION NOTES The CS8190 is specifically designed for use with air−core meter movements. It includes an input comparator for sensing an input signal from an ignition pulse or speed sensor, a charge pump for frequency to voltage conversion, a bandgap voltage regulator for stable operation, and a function generator with sine and cosine amplifiers to differentially drive the meter coils. From the partial schematic of Figure 7, the input signal is applied to the FREQIN lead, this is the input to a high impedance comparator with a typical positive input threshold of 2.0 V and typical hysteresis of 0.5 V. The output of the comparator, SQOUT, is applied to the charge pump input CP+ through an external capacitor CCP. When the input signal changes state, CCP is charged or discharged through R3 and R4. The charge accumulated on CCP is mirrored to C4 by the Norton Amplifier circuit comprising of Q1, Q2 and Q3. The charge pump output voltage, F/VOUT, ranges from 2.0 V to 6.3 V depending on the input signal frequency and the gain of the charge pump according to the formula: F VOUT + 2.0 V ) 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG * 0.7 V) on−chip amplifier and function generator circuitry. The various trip points for the circuit (i.e., 0°, 90°, 180°, 270°) are determined by an internal resistor divider and the bandgap voltage reference. The coils are differentially driven, allowing bidirectional current flow in the outputs, thus providing up to 305° range of meter deflection. Driving the coils differentially offers faster response time, higher current capability, higher output voltage swings, and reduced external component count. The key advantage is a higher torque output for the pointer. The output angle, q, is equal to the F/V gain multiplied by the function generator gain: q + AF V AFG, where: AFG + 77° V(typ) The relationship between input frequency and output angle is: q + AFG 2.0 FREQ CCP RT (VREG * 0.7 V) or, q + 970 FREQ CCP RT RT is a potentiometer used to adjust the gain of the F/V output stage and give the correct meter deflection. The F/V output voltage is applied to the function generator which generates the sine and cosine output voltages. The output voltage of the sine and cosine amplifiers are derived from the The ripple voltage at the F/V converter’s output is determined by the ratio of CCP and C4 in the formula: DV + CCP(VREG * 0.7 V) C4 http://onsemi.com 6 CS8190 VREG 2.0 V + F/VOUT F to V RT R3 0.25 V + − VC(t) CCP Q3 − CP− FREQIN + SQOUT R4 CP+ C4 Q1 Q2 QSQUARE − 2.0 V Figure 7. Partial Schematic of Input and Charge Pump T tDCHG VCC tCHG FREQIN 0 SQOUT VREG 0 ICP+ VCP+ 0 Figure 8. Timing Diagram of FREQIN and ICP Ripple voltage on the F/V output causes pointer or needle flutter especially at low input frequencies. The response time of the F/V is determined by the time constant formed by RT and C4. Increasing the value of C4 will reduce the ripple on the F/V output but will also increase the response time. An increase in response time causes a very slow meter movement and may be unacceptable for many applications. The CS8190 has an undervoltage detect circuit that disables the input comparator when VCC falls below 8.0 V(typical). With no input signal the F/V output voltage decreases and the needle moves towards zero. A second undervoltage detect circuit at 6.0 V(typical) causes the function generator to generate a differential SIN drive voltage of zero volts and the differential COS drive voltage to go as high as possible. This combination of voltages (Figure 2) across the meter coil moves the needle to the 0° position. Connecting a large capacitor(> 2000 mF) to the VCC lead (C2 in Figure 9) increases the time between these undervoltage points since the capacitor discharges slowly and ensures that the needle moves towards 0° as opposed to 360°. The exact value of the capacitor depends on the response time of the system,the maximum meter deflection and the current consumption of the circuit. It should be selected by breadboarding the design in the lab. http://onsemi.com 7 CS8190 R3 Speedo Input 3.0 kW CCP 0.0033 mF ± 30 PPM/°C R4 1 CP+ 1.0 kW SQOUT FREQIN CS8190 C3 0.1 mF GND GND COS+ Battery R1 COS− VCC C1 0.1 mF 2000 mF CP− F/VOUT VREG GND GND SINE+ SINE− BIAS C4 + 0.47 mF RT Trim Resistor ± 20 PPM/°C R2 10 kW 3.9, D1 1.0 A 500 mW 600 PIV C2 COSINE SINE GND D2 50 V, 500 mW Zener Notes: 1. C2 (> 2000 mF) is needed if return to zero function is required. 2. The product of C4 and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 3. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 mF. 4. R4 Range; 100 kW to 500 kW. 5. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions. 6. Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required. Air Core Gauge 200 W Speedometer 7. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. Figure 9. Speedometer or Tachometer Application Design Example Maximum meter Deflection = 270° Maximum Input Frequency = 350 Hz 1. Select RT and CCP q + 970 FREQ CCP RT + 270° (R3 + R4) CCP time constant is less than 10% of the minimum input period. T + 10% 1 + 285 ms 350 Hz Let CCP = 0.0033 mF, find RT RT + 970 270° 350 Hz 0.0033 mF RT + 243 kW RT should be a 250 kW potentiometer to trim out any inaccuracies due to IC tolerances or meter movement pointer placement. 2. Select R3 and R4 Resistor R3 sets the output current from the voltage regulator. The maximum output current from the voltage regulator is 10 mA. R3 must ensure that the current does not exceed this limit. Choose R3 = 3.3 kW The charge current for CCP is VREG * 0.7 V + 1.90 mA 3.3 kW Choose R4 = 1.0 kW. Discharge time: tDCHG = R3 × CCP = 3.3 kW × 0.0033 mF = 10.9 ms Charge time: tCHG = (R3 + R4)CCP = 4.3 kW. × 0.0033 mF = 14.2 ms 3. Determine C4 C4 is selected to satisfy both the maximum allowable ripple voltage and response time of the meter movement. C4 + CCP(VREG * 0.7 V) DVMAX CCP must charge and discharge fully during each cycle of the input signal. Time for one cycle at maximum frequency is 2.85 ms. To ensure that CCP is charged, assume that the With C4 = 0.47 mF, the F/V ripple voltage is 44 mV. The last component to be selected is the return to zero capacitor C2. This is selected by increasing the input signal frequency to its maximum so the pointer is at its maximum deflection, then removing the power from the circuit. C2 should be large enough to ensure that the pointer always returns to the 0° position rather than 360° under all operating conditions. Figure 10 shows how the CS8190 and the CS8441 are used to produce a Speedometer and Odometer circuit. http://onsemi.com 8 CS8190 R4 R3 3.0 kW CCP 0.0033 mF ± 30 PPM/°C 1.0 kW 1 CP+ SQOUT FREQIN CS8190 CP− F/VOUT VREG GND GND SINE+ SINE− BIAS C4 + Speedo Input 0.47 mF RT R2 10 kW C3 0.1 mF Trim Resistor ± 20 PPM/°C 243 kW GND GND COS+ Battery R1 D2 50 V, 500 mW Zener C1 0.1 mF COS− VCC 3.9, D1 1.0 A 500 mW 600 PIV COSINE SINE GND Air Core Gauge 200 W C2 10 mF Speedometer 1 CS8441 Air Core Stepper Motor 200 W Odometer Notes: 1. C2 = 10 mF with CS8441 application. 2. The product of C4 and RT have a direct effect on gain and therefore directly affect temperature compensation. 3. C4 Range; 20 pF to 0.2 mF. 4. R4 Range; 100 kW to 500 kW. 5. The IC must be protected from transients above 60 V and reverse battery conditions. 6. Additional filtering on the FREQIN lead may be required. 7. Gauge coil connections to the IC must be kept as short as possible (≤ 3.0 inch) for best pointer stability. Figure 10. Speedometer With Odometer or Tachometer Application http://onsemi.com 9 CS8190 In some cases a designer may wish to use the CS8190 only as a driver for an air−core meter having performed the F/V conversion elsewhere in the circuit. Figure 11 shows how to drive the CS8190 with a DC voltage ranging from 2.0 V to 6.0 V. This is accomplished by forcing a voltage on the F/VOUT lead. The alternative scheme shown in Figure 12 uses an external op amp as a buffer and operates over an input voltage range of 0 V to 4.0 V. Figures 11 and 12 are not temperature compensated. CS8190 100 kW 100 kW VIN 0 V to 4.0 V DC BIAS + − CP− F/VOUT + − 10 kW VREG 100 kW CP− − + N/C BIAS CS8190 100 kW 100 kW 10 kW Figure 12. Driving the CS8190 from an External DC Voltage Using an Op Amp Buffer VIN 2.0 V to 6.0 V DC F/VOUT Figure 11. Driving the CS8190 from an External DC Voltage PACKAGE THERMAL DATA Parameter RqJC RqJA Typical Typical PDIP−16 15 50 SO−20W 9 55 Unit °C/W °C/W ORDERING INFORMATION Device CS8190ENF16 CS8190ENF16G CS8190EDWF20 CS8190EDWF20G CS8190EDWFR20 CS8190EDWFR20G Package PDIP−16 PDIP−16 (Pb−Free) SO−20W SO−20W (Pb−Free) SO−20W SO−20W (Pb−Free) 1000 / Tape & Reel 38 Units / Rail 25 Units / Rail Shipping † †For information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our Tape and Reel Packaging Specifications Brochure, BRD8011/D. http://onsemi.com 10 CS8190 PACKAGE DIMENSIONS PDIP−16 CASE 648−08 ISSUE T −A− 16 9 NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI Y14.5M, 1982. 2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH. 3. DIMENSION L TO CENTER OF LEADS WHEN FORMED PARALLEL. 4. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH. 5. ROUNDED CORNERS OPTIONAL. B 1 8 F S C L −T− H G D 16 PL SEATING PLANE K J TA M M 0.25 (0.010) M DIM A B C D F G H J K L M S INCHES MIN MAX 0.740 0.770 0.250 0.270 0.145 0.175 0.015 0.021 0.040 0.70 0.100 BSC 0.050 BSC 0.008 0.015 0.110 0.130 0.295 0.305 0_ 10 _ 0.020 0.040 MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 18.80 19.55 6.35 6.85 3.69 4.44 0.39 0.53 1.02 1.77 2.54 BSC 1.27 BSC 0.21 0.38 2.80 3.30 7.50 7.74 0_ 10 _ 0.51 1.01 SO−20 WB CASE 751D−05 ISSUE G D A 11 X 45 _ q H M B M 20 10X 0.25 E NOTES: 1. DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. 2. INTERPRET DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES PER ASME Y14.5M, 1994. 3. DIMENSIONS D AND E DO NOT INCLUDE MOLD PROTRUSION. 4. MAXIMUM MOLD PROTRUSION 0.15 PER SIDE. 5. DIMENSION B DOES NOT INCLUDE DAMBAR PROTRUSION. ALLOWABLE PROTRUSION SHALL BE 0.13 TOTAL IN EXCESS OF B DIMENSION AT MAXIMUM MATERIAL CONDITION. DIM A A1 B C D E e H h L q MILLIMETERS MIN MAX 2.35 2.65 0.10 0.25 0.35 0.49 0.23 0.32 12.65 12.95 7.40 7.60 1.27 BSC 10.05 10.55 0.25 0.75 0.50 0.90 0_ 7_ 1 10 20X B 0.25 M B TA S B S A SEATING PLANE h 18X e A1 T C ON Semiconductor and are registered trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. 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