FAN4147SX

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ON Semiconductor and the ON Semiconductor logo are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent-Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using ON Semiconductor products, including compliance with all laws, regulations and safety requirements or standards, regardless of any support or applications information provided by ON Semiconductor. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in ON Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. ON Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. ON Semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as a critical component in life support systems or any FDA Class 3 medical devices or medical devices with a same or similar classification in a foreign jurisdiction or any devices intended for implantation in the human body. Should Buyer purchase or use ON Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold ON Semiconductor and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that ON Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. ON Semiconductor is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer. This literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. FAN4147 Ground Fault Interrupter Features Description              The FAN4147 is a low-power Ground Fault Interrupter (GFI) controller for detecting hazardous current paths to ground and ground-to-neutral faults. The FAN4147 application circuit opens the load contacts before a harmful shock occurs. For GFCI and RCD Applications Precision Sense Amplifier and Bandgap Reference Built-in AC Rectifier Built-in Noise Filter Low-Voltage SCR Disable Direct DC Coupled to Sense Coil SCR Gate Driver Adjustable Sensitivity 400A Quiescent Current Minimum External Components Meets UL 943 Requirements Ideal for 120V or 220V Systems Space Saving SuperSOT™ 6-Pin Package Applications    GFCI Output Receptacles GFCI Circuit Breakers Portable GFCI Cords Internally, the FAN4147 contains a diode rectifier, precision bandgap 12V shunt regulator, precision lowVOS offset-sense amplifier, time delay noise filter, window-detection comparators, and an SCR driver. With a minimum number of external components, the FAN4147 detects and protects against a hot-wire-toground fault and a neutral-line-to-neutral-load short. The minimal components and the small SuperSOT™ package allow for a small-form-factor, low-cost solution. The FAN4147 circuitry has a built-in rectifier and shunt regulator that operates with a low quiescent current. This allows for a high-value, low-wattage-series supply resistor. The internal temperature-compensated shunt regulator, sense amplifier, and bias circuitry provide for precision ground-fault detection. The low-VOS offsetsense amplifier allows direct coupling of the sense coil to the amplifier’s feedback signal. This eliminates the large 50/60Hz AC-coupling capacitor. The internal delay filter rejects high-frequency noise spikes common with inductive loads. This decreases false nuisance tripping. The internal SCR driver is temperature compensated and designed to satisfy the current requirements for a wide selection of external SCRs. The minimum number of external components and the 6-pin SuperSOT™ package enable a low-cost, compact design and layout. Ordering Information Part Number Operating Temperature Range Package Packing Method FAN4147SX -35°C to +85°C 6-Lead SUPERSOT6, JEDEC M0-193, 1.6mm Tape and Reel © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter March 2013 AMPOUT VS C1 VFB VREF I1 SCR A1 Delay T1 SCR Driver Q1 R1 VTH C2 VS VREF VREF VTH Neutral Rectifier and Bias Line FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Block Diagram Figure 1. Block Diagram Typical Application RTEST TEST Neutral Coil 1:200 Sense Coil 1:1000 Load Hot Line Hot Load Neutral Line Neutral C2 RIN Q1 C1 Neutral C4 R1 Line FAN4147 SCR AmpOut Solenoid C3 MOV RSET VFB VREF Figure 2. Typical Application(1) Typical Values R1: 91K RSET: 511K RTEST: 15KΩ RIN: 470Ω (2) C1: 22nF C3=1nF C2: 10nF C4=10nF Notes: 1. Contact Fairchild for best application practices for nuisance tripping rejection. 2. Exact values depend on sense coil characteristics and application. © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 2 6 AmpOut 2 5 3 4 VF B VRE F SC R Neutral 1 Line PI N 1 Figure 3. Pin Configuration FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Pin Configuration Pin Definitions Pin # Name Description 1 SCR 2 Neutral Supply input for FAN4147 circuitry 3 Line Supply input for FAN4147 circuitry 4 VREF 5 VFB 6 AmpOut Gate drive for external SCR Non-inverting input for current-sense amplifier Inverting input for current-sense amplifier An external resistor connected to the VFB pin sets the Ifault sensitivity threshold © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 3 Stresses exceeding the absolute maximum ratings may damage the device. The device may not function or be operable above the recommended operating conditions and stressing the parts to these levels is not recommended. In addition, extended exposure to stresses above the recommended operating conditions may affect device reliability. The absolute maximum ratings are stress ratings only. Symbol ICC VCC Parameter Min. Continuous Supply Current, Line to Neutral Continuous Supply Voltage, Line to Neutral -1.2 Max. Unit 15 mA 16 V Continuous Voltage to Neutral, All Other Pins -0.8 15 V TSTG Storage Temperature Range -65 +150 °C ESD Electrostatic Discharge Protection Level Human Body Model, JESD22-A114 2.5 Charged Device Model, JESD22-C101 1.0 Machine Model, JESD22-A115 0.2 kV FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Absolute Maximum Ratings Recommended Operating Conditions The Recommended Operating Conditions define conditions for actual device operation. Recommended operating conditions are specified to ensure optimal performance to the datasheet specifications. Fairchild does not recommend exceeding them or designing to Absolute Maximum Ratings. (Unless otherwise specified, refer to figure 2.) Symbol Parameter Conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit Line to Neutral 12.2 12.7 13.2 V Line to Neutral Ishunt=-2mA -0.9 -0.7 DC Electrical Parameters (TA=25°C, Ishunt=1mA) VREG Power Supply Shunt Regulator Voltage V IQ Quiescent Current Line to Neutral=10V 350 400 450 µA VREF Reference Voltage VREF to Neutral 5.8 6.0 6.2 V VTH Trip Threshold AmpOut to VREF 3.4 3.5 3.6 V VOS Amplifier Offset Gain=1000 -450 0 450 µV Design Value -50 0 50 nA IOS Amplifier Input Offset G Amplifier DC Gain(3) (3) (3) Design Value 100 dB 1.5 MHz fGBW Amplifier Gain Bandwidth Design Value VSW+ Amplifier Positive Voltage Swing AmpOut to VREF, IFAULT=10A 4.0 V VSW- Amplifier Negative Voltage Swing VREF to AmpOut, IFAULT=-10A 4.0 V ISINK Amplifier Current Sink AmpOut=VREF + 3V, VFB=VREF + 100mV 400 µA ISRL Amplifier Current Source AmpOut=VREF – 3V, VFB=VREF - 100mV 400 µA Delay Filter Delay from C1 trip to SCR L->H 0.7 ROUT SCR Output Resistance SCR to Neutral=250mV, AmpOut=VREF VOUT SCR Output Voltage td SCR to Neutral AmpOut=VREF IOUT SCR Output Current SCR to Neutral AmpOut=VREF +4V 2.5 SCR to Neutral=1V, AmpOut=VREF + 4V 350 1.0 1.3 ms 0.5 1.0 K 1 10 mV V 500 µA Note: 3. Guaranteed by design; not tested in production. © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 4 (Refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2.) oscillate. When the peak oscillation voltage exceeds the SCR trigger threshold, the internal delay timer is enabled. Since the amplifier’s output signal is crossing the window comparator’s trip threshold typically at 6KHz, the delay timer alternates between detection of a fault/no fault. The ratio of the fault/no-fault detection time interval determines if the SCR driver is enabled. The FAN4147 is a GFCI controller for AC ground-fault circuit interrupters. The internal rectifier circuit is supplied from the AC line during the positive half cycle of the AC line voltage. The internal 12V shunt regulator uses a precision temperature-compensated bandgap reference. The combination of precision reference circuitry and precision sense amplifier provides for an accurate ground-fault tolerance. This allows for selection of external components with wider, lower-cost, parameter variations. Due to the low quiescent current, a high-value external series resistor (R1) can be used, which reduces the maximum power wattage required. The 12V shunt regulator generates the reference voltage for the sense amplifier’s (A1) non-inverting input (AC ground reference) and supplies the bias for the delay timer (T1), comparators (C1 & C2), and SCR driver. The sensitivity of the grounded neutral detection is changed by the neutral coil turns and C2, C3 values. RSET Resistor Calculation The AmpOut signal must exceed the window comparator’s VTH threshold voltage for longer than the delay timer. Therefore: The secondary winding of the sense transformer is connected to pin 4 (VREF) and to a resistor RIN directly DC connected to the inverting input of the sense amplifier at pin 5 (VFB). The feedback resistor (RSET) converts the sense transformer’s secondary current to a voltage at pin 6 (AmpOut). This voltage is compared to the internal window comparator (C1 & C2) and, when the AmpOut voltage exceeds the +/-VTH threshold voltage, the window comparator triggers the internal delay timer. The output of the window comparator must stay HIGH for the duration of the t1 timer. If the window comparator’s output goes LOW, the internal delay timer starts a reset cycle. If the window comparator’s output is still HIGH at the end of the t1 pulse, the SCR driver enables the current source I1 and disables Q1. The current source I1 then enables the external SCR, which energizes the solenoid, opens the contact switches to the load, and removes the hazardous ground fault. The window comparator allows for detection of a positive or negative IFAULT signal independent from the phase of the line voltage. VTH=IFAULT x 1.41 x RSET x COS(2 x (t/2P)) / N (1) RSET=(VTH x N) / (1.41 x IFAULT x COS( x t/P)) (2) The sense transformer typically has a toroidal core made of laminated steel rings or solid ferrite material. The secondary of the transformer is typically 800 to 1500 turns of #40 wire wound through the toroid. The primary is typically one to two turns made by passing the AC hot and neutral wires through the center of the toroid. When a ground fault exists, a difference exists between the current flowing in hot and neutral wires. The primary difference current, divided by the primaryto-secondary turns ratio, is the current that flows through the secondary wire of the transformer. Since the sense coil is DC connected to the feedback of the sense amplifier, the VOS offset introduces an Ifault threshold error. This error can be calculated as: where: VTH = 3.5V ; IFAULT = 5mA (UL943) ; t = 1ms (timer delay); P = Period of the AC Line (1/60Hz); N = Ratio of secondary to primary turns (1000:1); RSET = 505K511Kstandard 1% value Note: 4. In practice, the transformer is non-ideal, so RSET may need to be adjusted by up to 30% to obtain the desired Ifault trip threshold. VOS Trip Threshold Error Calculation %Error= 100 x (VOS x RSET) / (RIN + RLDC + RLAC) / VTH (3) where: VOS = +/-450V (worse case); = +/-150V (typical); A grounded neutral condition occurs when the neutralline is grounded at the neutral-load side. Depending on the resistance of the grounded neutral connection, this condition causes the sense coil to detect a lower ground fault current. The detection of a ground-to-load-neutral fault relies on the principle of positive feedback. When this occurs, the sense and neutral coils are mutually coupled, which produces a positive feedback path around the sense amplifier. This positive feedback causes the sense amplifier to © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Functional Description RSET = 511K RIN = 470 (typical value); RLDC = 75 (sense coil secondary DC resistance); RLAC = VTH = 3.5V; 1.5K (AC(jL) impedance of sense coil) (L= 4H, f= 60Hz); %Error = +/- 3.2% (worst case); +/-1.1% (typical). www.fairchildsemi.com 5 Unless otherwise specified, results are TA=25°C and according to Figure 2 with solenoid disconnected. Line (pin 3) is clamped to 12.7V during the positive VAC half cycle Ch1: Line (Pin 3) 10V/Div Ch2: AmpOut (Pin 6) 10V/Div Ch3: VREF (Pin 4) 10V/Div Ch4: VAC Input 200V/Div FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 4. Typical Waveforms with No Ground Fault Detection of IFault signal IFault = (VAmpout – VREF)•N/RSET Ch1: Line (Pin 3) 10V/Div Ch2: AmpOut (Pin 6) 5V/Div Ch3: SCR (Pin 1) 1V/Div Ch4: IFault 10mA/Div Figure 5. Typical Waveforms with 4mA Ground Fault © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 6 Unless otherwise specified, results are TA=25°C and according to Figure 2 with solenoid disconnected. SCR Output Triggered Ch1: Line (Pin 3) 10V/Div Ch2: AmpOut (Pin 6) 5V/Div Ch3: SCR (Pin 1) 1V/Div Ch4: IFault 10mA/Div FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 6. Typical Waveforms with 5mA Ground Fault SCR Output Triggered Ch1: Line (Pin 3) 10V/Div Ch2: AmpOut (Pin 6) 5V/Div Ch3: SCR (Pin 1) 1V/Div Ch4: IFault 10mA/Div Figure 7. Typical Waveforms with 5mA Ground Fault (Line Polarity Reversal) © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 7 Unless otherwise specified, results are TA=25°C and according to Figure 2 with solenoid disconnected. Sense amplifier oscillates with 2Ω grounded neutral fault Ch1: Line (Pin 3) 10V/Div Ch2: AmpOut (Pin 6) 5V/Div Ch3: SCR (Pin 1) 1V/Div FAN4147 — Ground Fault Interrupter Typical Performance Characteristics Figure 8. Typical Waveforms for Grounded Neutral Detection ~6.9KHz Sense Amplifier Oscillation Ch2: AmpOut (Pin 6) 2V/Div Figure 9. Typical Waveform for Grounded Neutral Detection © 2010 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation FAN4147 • Rev. 1.0.1 www.fairchildsemi.com 8 SYMM C L 0.95 C 3.00 2.80 A 4 6 0.95 1.00 MIN B 3.00 2.60 1.70 1.50 1 2.60 C 3 0.50 0.30 0.95 0.20 1.90 M 0.70 MIN A B LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION (0.30) SEE DETAIL A 1.10 MAX H 1.00 0.70 C 0.10 0.00 0.10 C GAGE PLANE 0.25 8° 0° 0.55 0.35 SEATING PLANE 0.60 REF DETAIL A SCALE: 50X 0.20 0.08 NOTES: UNLESS OTHERWISE SPECIFIED A) THIS PACKAGE CONFORMS TO JEDEC MO-193. VAR. AA, ISSUE E. B) ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MILLIMETERS. C PACKAGE LENGTH DOES NOT INCLUDE MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS. MOLD FLASH, PROTRUSIONS OR GATE BURRS SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.25mm PER END. PACKAGE WIDTH DOES NOT INCLUDE INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION. INTERLEAD FLASH OR PROTRUSION SHALL NOT EXCEED 0.25mm PER SIDE. PACKAGE LENGTH AND WIDTH DIMENSIONS ARE DETERMINED AT DATUM H. D) DRAWING FILE NAME: MKT-MA06AREVF ON Semiconductor and are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC dba ON Semiconductor or its subsidiaries in the United States and/or other countries. ON Semiconductor owns the rights to a number of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets, and other intellectual property. A listing of ON Semiconductor’s product/patent coverage may be accessed at www.onsemi.com/site/pdf/Patent−Marking.pdf. ON Semiconductor reserves the right to make changes without further notice to any products herein. ON Semiconductor makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular purpose, nor does ON Semiconductor assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. Buyer is responsible for its products and applications using ON Semiconductor products, including compliance with all laws, regulations and safety requirements or standards, regardless of any support or applications information provided by ON Semiconductor. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in ON Semiconductor data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. ON Semiconductor does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. ON Semiconductor products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as a critical component in life support systems or any FDA Class 3 medical devices or medical devices with a same or similar classification in a foreign jurisdiction or any devices intended for implantation in the human body. Should Buyer purchase or use ON Semiconductor products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold ON Semiconductor and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, affiliates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that ON Semiconductor was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. 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