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STK672-732AN-E
Stepper Motor Driver IPM
(Intelligent Power Module)
Unipolar 2-Phase
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Overview
The STK672-732AN-E is a IPM for use as a unipolar, 2-phase stepper
motor driver with PWM current control.
Applications
Office photocopiers, printers, etc.
Features
Built-in overcurrent detection function, overheat detection function (output
current OFF).
FAULT signal (active low) is output when overcurrent or overheat is detected.
Built-in power on reset function.
Phase signal input driver activated with an active Low and incorpororates a
simulataneous ON prevention function.
Supports schmitt input for 2.5 V high level input.
Incorporating a current detection resistor (0.141 Ω : resistor tolerance 2%),
motor current can be set using two external resistors.
The ENABLE pin can be used to cut output current while maintaining the
excitation mode.
Supports compatible pins with STK672-740AN-E.
Specifications
Absolute Maximum Ratings at Tc = 25C
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Ratings
Unit
Maximum supply voltage 1
VCC max
No signal
52
V
Maximum supply voltage 2
VDD max
No signal
0.3 to 6.0
V
Input voltage
Vin max
Logic input pins
0.3 to 6.0
V
Output current 1
IOP max
10 μs 1 pulse (resistance load)
10
A
Output current 2
IOH max
2.65
A
Output current 3
IOF max
VDD = 5 V, More than 200 Hz
16pin Output current
10
mA
Allowable power dissipation 1
PdMF max
With an arbitrarily large heat sink. Per MOSFET
7.3
W
Allowable power dissipation 2
PdPK max
No heat sink
2.8
W
Operating substrate
temperature
Junction temperature
Tcmax
Storage temperature
Tstg
105
Tjmax
°C
150
°C
40 to 125
°C
Stresses exceeding those listed in the Maximum Ratings table may damage the device. If any of these limits are exceeded, device functionality should not be assumed,
damage may occur and reliability may be affected.
ORDERING INFORMATION
See detailed ordering and shipping information on page 26 of this data sheet.
© Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2016
October 2016 - Rev. 1
1
Publication Order Number :
STK672-732AN-E/D
STK672-732AN-E
Allowable Operating Ranges at Tc = 25C
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
Operating supply voltage 1
VCC
With signals applied
Operating supply voltage 2
VDD
VIH
With signals applied
Input high voltage
Input low voltage
VIL
Output current 1
IOH1
Output current 2
IOH2
Recommended operating
substrate temperature
Recommended Vref range
Ratings
No condensation
Vref
Tc = 105C
V
5 5%
V
2.5 to VDD
V
0 to 0.8
V
2.0
A
2.2
A
0 to 105
C
0.14 to 1.38
V
Pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17,
VDD = 5 5%
Pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17,
VDD = 5 5%
Tc = 105C, More than 200 Hz,
Continuous operation, duty = 100%
Tc = 80C, More than 200 Hz,
Continuous operation, duty = 100%,
See the motor current (IOH) derating
curve
Tc
unit
0 to 42
Functional operation above the stresses listed in the Recommended Operating Ranges is not implied. Extended exposure to stresses beyond the Recommended
Operating Ranges limits may affect device reliability.
Electrical Characteristics at Tc = 25C, VCC = 24 V, VDD = 5.0 V *1
Parameter
Symbol
Conditions
min
VDD supply current
ICCO
VDD = 5.0 V, ENABLE = Low
Output average current *2
Ioave
R/L = 1 / 0.62 mH in each phase
FET diode forward voltage
Vdf
Output saturation voltage
Vsat
If = 1 A (RL = 23 )
RL = 23
Input high voltage
VIH
Pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17
2.5
Input low voltage
VIL
Pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17
0.3
5 V level input current
IILH
Pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 = 5 V
GND level input current
IILL
Pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 = GND
Output low voltage
VOLF
5 V level leakage current
IILF
Pin 16 (IO = 5 mA)
Pin 16 = 5 V
IIB
Pin 19 = 1.0 V
Control
Input pin
FAULT
pin
Vref input bias current
PWM frequency
Fc
Overheat detection temperature
TSD
Design guarantee
Drain-source cut-off current
IDSS
VDS = 100 V, Pins 2, 6, 9, 18 = GND
0.273
typ
max
8.0
0.329
0.385
A
0.92
1.6
V
0.33
0.48
V
VDD
V
50
0.25
29
unit
4.4
mA
0.8
V
75
A
10
A
0.5
V
10
A
10
15
A
45
61
kHz
1
A
C
144
Notes
*1: A fixed-voltage power supply must be used.
*2: The value for Ioave assumes that the lead frame of the product is soldered to the mounting circuit board.
Product parametric performance is indicated in the Electrical Characteristics for the listed test conditions, unless otherwise noted. Product performance may not be
indicated by the Electrical Characteristics if operated under different conditions.
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2
STK672-732AN-E
Derating Curve of Motor Current, IOH, vs. STK672-732AN-E Operating Substrate Temperature, Tc
3
MOter Current IOH
A
2.5
2
200Hz 2ex
Hold
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100 110
Operation substrate temperature Tc °C
Notes
The current range given above represents conditions when output voltage is not in the avalanche state.
If the output voltage is in the avalanche state, see the allowable avalanche energy for STK672-7** series IPMs given in
a separate document.
The operating substrate temperature, Tc, given above is measured while the motor is operating.
Because Tc varies depending on the ambient temperature, Ta, the value of IOH, and the continuous or intermittent
operation of IOH, always verify this value using an actual set.
The Tc temperature should be checked in the center of the metal surface of the product package.
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3
STK672-732AN-E
Block Diagram
VDD=5V
φBB
9
10
N.C
11
φAB
17
φB
12
φA
13
RESETB 14
N.C
N.C
A
AB
B
BB
8
4
5
7
3
1
VDD
F1
BBIN
16
ABIN
FBB
AIN
Latch
circuit
Over
current
R1
19
AI
Current control
Chopper circuit
FAULT signal
(Open drain)
Vref
Amplifier
100k
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4
2
P.G2
6
P.G1
BI
Vref/4.9
Latch
circuit
VSS
Vref
R2
Power on reset
VSS
18
F4
FBO
Over heating
detection
S.G
F3
FAB
BIN
ENABLE 15
FAULT
F2
FAO
VSS
STK672-732AN-E
Measurement Circuit
(The terminal which is not appointed is open. The measurement circuit of STK672-740AN-E is the same as
STK672-732AN-E.)
24V
1. Vdf
23Ω
13
9
V
6
2
Vdf
5
17
7
12
3
10
1
15
14
STK672-
19
73xAN-E
16
18
GND
2. IILF,IILH,IILL,IIB
3. Vsat
5V
5V
5V
1V
10
IILL
15
16
A
19
7
12
7
3
10
3
15
1
5V
14
STK67273xAN-E
18 2
23Ω
5
1
14
IIB
9
17
5
12
A
24V
13
17
IILH
GND
9
13
IILF
10k
19
STK67273xAN-E
16 18 2
6
V
Vsat
6
GND
GND
4. Icco, Ioave, fc,VOLF
Icco
5V
A
9
13
17
10
3
15
1
14
7.5K
STK672-
0.62mH
1Ω
24V
6
＋
Ioave
73xAN-E
19
16 18 2
1K
Ioave
7
12
910
5
SW
100μ
Close SW at
fc
mesurement of VOLF
VOLF
GND
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5
STK672-732AN-E
Sample Application Circuit
VDD(5V)
ΦA
13
ΦAB
17
2 phase stepper motor driver
9
ΦB
12
ΦBB
10
ENABLE
15
RESETB
R01
14
R03
FAULT
5
7
3
STK672
-73xAN-E
C02
10F
Vref
VCC
24V
B
BB
+
C01
at least 100F
16
+
1
A
AB
2
19
18
R02
6
P.G2
P.G1
P.GND
S.G
Precautions
[GND wiring]
To reduce noise on the 5 V / 24 V system, be sure to place the GND of C01 in the circuit given above as close as possible
to Pin 2 and Pin 6 of the IPM.
In addition, in order to set the current accurately, the GND side of RO2 of Vref must be connected to the shared ground
terminal used by the Pin 18 (S.G) GND, P.G1 and P.G2.
[Input pins]
If VDD is being applied, use care that each input pin does not apply a negative voltage less than 0.3 V to S. GND,
Pin 18. Measures must also be taken so that a voltage equal to or greater than VDD is not input.
Do not wire by connecting the circuit pattern on the P.C.B side to Pins 4, 8, or 11 on the N.C. shown in the internal
block diagram.
Apply 2.5 V high level input to pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17.
Since the input pins do not have built-in pull-up resistors, when the open-collector type pins 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 17
are used as inputs, a 1 to 20 k pull-up resistor (to VDD) must be used.
At this time, use a device for the open collector driver that has output current specifications that pull the voltage down to
less than 0.8 V at Low level (less than 0.8 V at Low level when IOL = 5 mA).
[Current setting Vref]
Considering the specifications for the Vref input bias current IIB, we recommend a value 1 k or less for R02.
If the motor current is temporarily reduced, the circuit given below (STK672-732AN : IOH > 0.2 A) is recommended.
5V
5V
R01
Vref
R3
R02
R01
Vref
R3
R02
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6
STK672-732AN-E
[Setting the motor current]
The motor current, IOH, is set using the Pin 19 voltage, Vref, of the IPM.
Equations related to IOH and Vref are given below.
Vref (RO2 (RO2+RO1)) VDD(5 V) ········································· (1)
IOH (Vref 4.9) Rs ······························································· (2)
The value of 4.9 in Equation (2) above represents the Vref voltage as divided by a circuit inside the control IC.
Rs : 0.141 (Current detection resistor inside the IPM)
IOH
0
[Smoke Emission Precuations]
If Pin 18 (S.G terminal) is attached to the board without using solder, overcurrent may flow into the MOSFET at VCCON
(24 V ON), causing the STK672-732AN-E to emit smoke because 5 V circuits cannot be controlled.
In addition, as long as one of the output Pins, 1, 3, 5, or 7, is open, inductance energy stored in the
motor results in electrical stress on the driver, possibly resulting in the emission of smoke.
Input Pin Functions
Pin Name
Pin No.
Function
ΦA
13
Phase signal input of 5pin (phase A output).
ΦAB
17
Phase signal input of 7pin (phase AB output).
ΦB
12
Phase signal input of 3pin (phase B output).
ΦBB
10
Phase signal input of 1pin (phase BB output).
RESETB
14
ENABLE
15
System reset
Initial state of A and BB phase excitation in the
timing charts is set by switching from low to high.
The A, AB, B, and BB outputs are turned off, and
after operation is restored by returning the ENABLE
pin to the high level, operation continues with the
same excitation timing as before the low-level input.
Input Conditions When Operating
Low active(with a function to prevent
simultaneous ON of ΦA and ΦAB ,or ΦB and
ΦBB.
A reset is applied by a low level
The A, AB, B, and BB outputs are turned off by a
low-level input.
Output Pin Functions
Pin Name
FAULT
Pin No.
16
Function
Monitor pin used when over-current detection or
overheat detection function is activated.
Note : See the timing chart for the concrete details on circuit operation.
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7
Input Conditions When Operating
Low level is output when detected.
STK672-732AN-E
Timing Charts
2-phase excitation
VDD
Power on reset
(or RESETB)
φA
φAB
φB
φBB
ENABLE
FAO
FAB
FBO
FBB
1-2 phase excitation
VDD
Power on reset
(or RESETB)
φA
φAB
φB
φBB
ENABLE
FAO
FAB
FBO
FBB
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8
STK672-732AN-E
1-2 phase excitation (ENABLE)
VDD
Power on reset
(or RESETB)
φA
φAB
φB
φBB
ENABLE
FAO
Output off
FAB
FBO
FBB
1-2 phase excitation (Hold operation results during fixed Signal)
VDD
Power on reset
(or RESETB)
φA
φAB
φB
φBB
ENABLE
Hold operation
FAO
FAB
FBO
FBB
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9
STK672-732AN-E
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
unit : mm
SIP19 24.2x14.4
CASE 127BA
ISSUE O
24.2
(18.4)
4.5
14.4
11
14.4
(11)
(2 - R1.47)
19
(3.5)
1
1
0.4
0.5 0.05
18 x 1 = 18
2
0.35
4
4.45
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10
STK672-732AN-E
STK672-732AN-E
Technical data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Input Pins and Functional Overview
STK672-732AN-E over current detection, thermal shutdown detection.
STK672-732AN-E Allowable Avalanche Energy
STK672-732AN-E Internal Loss Calculation
Thermal Design
Package Power Loss PdPK Derating Curve for the Ambient Temperature Ta
Example of Stepper Motor Driver Output Current Path (1-2 phase excitation)
Other usage notes
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11
STK672-732AN-E
1. I/O Pins and Functions of the Control Block
[Pin description]
IPM pin
Pin Name
14
RESETB
System reset
Function
15
ENABLE
Motor current OFF
16
FAULT
19
Vref
Overcurrent/over-heat detection output
Current value setting
Description of each pin
1-1.[RESETB (System-wide reset)]
The reset signal is formed by the power-on reset function built into the IPM and the RESETB terminal.
When activating the internal circuits of the IPM using the power-on reset signal within the IPM, be sure to connect Pin
14 of the IPM to VDD.
1-2. [ENABLE (Forcible OFF control of excitation drive output A, AB, B, and BB, and selecting operation/hold status
inside the IPM)]
ENABLE=1: Normal operation
When ENABLE=0: Motor current goes OFF, and excitation drive output is forcibly turned OFF.
The system clock inside the IPM stops at this time, with no effect on the IPM even if input pins other than RESET input
vary. In addition, since current does not flow to the motor, the motor shaft becomes free.
If the A to BB signal input used for motor rotation suddenly stops, the motor shaft may advance beyond the control
position due to inertia. A SLOW DOWN setting where the A to BB signal input cycle gradually decreases is
required in order to stop at the control position.
1-3. [FAULT]
FAULT is an open drain output. It outputs low level when overcurrent, or overheat is detected.
1-4. [Vref (Voltage setting to be used for the current setting reference)]
Input voltage is in the voltage range of 0.14 V to 1.38 V.
The recommended Vref voltage is 0.14 V or higher because the output offset voltage of Vref/4.9 amplifier cannot be
controlled down to 0 V.
Note:Pin type is analog input configuration and input pull-down resistance 100 k.
The internal impedance 100 k is designed so that the increase in current is prevented while Pin 19 is open.
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12
STK672-732AN-E
1-5. [Input timing]
The control IC of the driver is equipped with a power on reset function capable of initializing internal IC operations
when power is supplied. A 4 V typ setting is used for power on reset. Because the specification for the MOSFET gate
voltage is 5 V 5%, conduction of current to output at the time of power on reset adds electromotive stress to the
MOSFET due to lack of gate voltage. To prevent electromotive stress, be sure to set ENABLE = Low while VDD,
which is outside the operating supply voltage, is less than 4.75 V.
4 V typ
Control IC power (VDD) rising edge
3.8 V typ
Control IC power on reset
RESETB signal input
No time specification
ENABLE signal input
ΦA to ΦBB signal input
No time specification
No time specification
RESETB, ENABLE, A to BB Signals Input Timing
1-6. [Configuration of control block I/O pins]
Input pins 13,17,12,10,15,14pin
VDD
10kΩ
Input pin
100kΩ
VSS
The input pins of this driver all use Schmitt input. Typical specifications at Tc=25C are given below. Hysteresis
voltage is 0.3V (VIHa-VILa).
When rising
When falling
1.8 V typ
1.5 V typ
Input voltage
VIHa
VILa
Input voltage specifications are as follows.
VIH = 2.5 V min
VIL = 0.8 V max
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13
STK672-732AN-E
VDD
Output pin
Pin16
Vref /4.9
Overcurrent
Amplif ier
100kΩ
VSS
VSS
Overheating
Input pin
Pin19
VSS
2. Overcurrent detection, overheat detection functions
Each detection function operates using a latch system and turns output off. Because a RESET signal is required to
restore output operations, once the power supply, VDD, is turned off, you must either again apply power on reset with
VDDON or apply a RESETB=HighLowHigh signal.
2-1.[Overcurrent detection]
This IPM is equipped with a function for detecting overcurrent that arises when the motor burns out or when there is a
short between the motor terminals.
Overcurrent detection occurs at 3.5 A typ with the STK672-732AN-E, and 5.5A typ with the STK672-740AN-E.
Current when motor terminals are shorted
PWM period
Overcurrent detection
IOHmax
Set motor
current, IOH
MOSFET all OFF
No detection interval
(5.5 s typ)
Normal operation
5.5 s typ
Operation when motor pins are shorted
Overcurrent detection begins after an interval of no detection (a dead time of 5.5 s typ) during the initial ringing part
during PWM operations. The no detection interval is a period of time where overcurrent is not detected even if the
current exceeds IOH.
2-2. [Overheat detection]
Rather than directly detecting the temperature of the semiconductor device, overheat detection detects the temperature
of the aluminum substrate (144C typ).
Within the allowed operating range recommended in the specification manual, if a heat sink attached for the purpose of
reducing the operating substrate temperature, Tc, comes loose, the semiconductor can operate without breaking.
However, we cannot guarantee operations without breaking in the case of operations other than those recommended,
such as operations at a current exceeding IOH max that occurs before overcurrent detection is activated.
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14
STK672-732AN-E
3. Allowable Avalanche Energy Value
(1) Allowable Range in Avalanche Mode
When driving a 2-phase Stepper motor with constant current chopping using an STK672-7** Series IPM, the
waveforms shown in Figure 1 below result for the output current, ID, and voltage, VDS.
VDSS: Voltage during avalanche operations
IOH: Motor current peak value
IAVL: Current during avalanche operations
tAVL: Time of avalanche operations
Figure 1. Output Current, ID, and Voltage, VDS, Waveforms 1 of the STK672-7** Series when Driving a
2-Phase Motor with Constant Current Chopping
When operations of the MOSFET built into STK672-7** Series ICs is turned off for constant current chopping, the ID
signal falls like the waveform shown in the figure above. At this time, the output voltage, VDS, suddenly rises due to
electromagnetic induction generated by the motor coil.
In the case of voltage that rises suddenly, voltage is restricted by the MOSFET VDSS. Voltage restriction by VDSS
results in a MOSFET avalanche. During avalanche operations, ID flows and the instantaneous energy at this time, EAVL1,
is represented by Equation (3-1).
EAVL1 = VDSS IAVL 0.5 tAVL ------------------------------------------- (3-1)
VDSS: V units, IAVL: A units, tAVL: sec units
The coefficient 0.5 in Equation (3-1) is a constant required to convert the IAVL triangle wave to a square wave.
During STK672-7** Series operations, the waveforms in the figure above repeat due to the constant current chopping
operation. The allowable avalanche energy, EAVL, is therefore represented by Equation (3-2) used to find the average
power loss, PAVL, during avalanche mode multiplied by the chopping frequency in Equation (3-1).
PAVL = VDSS IAVL 0.5 tAVL fc -------------------------------- (3-2)
fc: Hz units (fc is set to the PWM frequency of 50 kHz.)
For VDSS, IAVL, and tAVL, be sure to actually operate the STK672-7** Series and substitute values when operations
are observed using an oscilloscope.
Ex. If VDSS = 110 V, IAVL = 1 A, tAVL = 0.2 s, the result is:
PAVL = 110 1 0.5 0.2 10-6 50 103 = 0.55 W
VDSS = 110 V is a value actually measured using an oscilloscope.
The allowable loss range for the allowable avalanche energy value, PAVL, is shown in the graph in Figure 3.
When examining the avalanche energy, be sure to actually drive a motor and observe the ID, VDSS, and tAVL waveforms
during operation, and then check that the result of calculating Equation (3-2) falls within the allowable range for
avalanche operations.
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15
STK672-732AN-E
(2) ID and VDSS Operating Waveforms in Non-avalanche Mode
Although the waveforms during avalanche mode are given in Figure 1, sometimes an avalanche does not result during
actual operations.
Factors causing avalanche are listed below.
Poor coupling of the motor’s phase coils (electromagnetic coupling of A phase and AB phase, B phase and BB phase).
Increase in the lead inductance of the harness caused by the circuit pattern of the board and motor.
Increases in VDSS, tAVL, and IAVL in Figure 1 due to an increase in the supply voltage from 24 V to 36 V.
If the factors above are negligible, the waveforms shown in Figure 1 become waveforms without avalanche as shown
in Figure 2.
Under operations shown in Figure 2, avalanche does not occur and there is no need to consider the allowable loss
range of PAVL shown in Figure 3.
IOH: Motor current peak value
Figure 2. Output Current, ID, and Voltage, VDS, Waveforms 2 of the STK672-7** Series when Driving
a 2-Phase Stepper Motor with Constant Current Chopping
4
3.5
3
2.5
PAVL W
Average power loss PAVL during avalanche
Figure 3. Allowable Loss Range, PAVL-IOH During STK672-732AN-E Avalanche Operations
PAVL-IOH
Tc=105°C
Tc=80°C
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Motor current, IOH A
Note :
The operating conditions given above represent a loss when driving a 2-phase stepper motor with constant current
chopping.
Because it is possible to apply 2.6 W or more at IOH = 0 A, be sure to avoid using the MOSFET body diode that is used
to drive the motor as a zener diode.
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16
STK672-732AN-E
4. Calculating STK672-732AN-E IPM Internal Power Loss
The average internal power loss in each excitation mode of the STK672-732AN-E can be calculated from the following
formulas.
Each excitation mode
2-phase excitation mode
2PdAVex = (Vsat+Vdf) (1/(t1+t2+t3)) IOHt2+(1/(t1+t2+t3)) IOH (Vsatt1+Vdft3)
1-2 Phase excitation mode
1-2PdAVex = (Vsat+Vdf) (1/(t1+t2+t3)) IOHt2+(1/(t1+t2+t3)) IOH (Vsatt1+Vdft3)
Motor hold mode
HoldPdAVex = (Vsat+Vdf) IOH
Vsat : Combined voltage represented by the Ron voltage drop+shunt resistor
Vdf : Combined voltage represented by the MOSFET body diode+shunt resistor
t1, t2, and t3 represent the waveforms shown in the figure below.
t1 : Time required for the winding current to reach the set current (IOH)
t2 : Time in the constant current control (PWM) region
t3 : Time from end of phase input signal until inverse current regeneration is complete
IOH
0A
t1
t2
t3
Motor COM Current Waveform Model
t1 = (-L/(R+0.33)) ln (1-(((R+0.33)/VCC) IOH))
t3 = (-L/R) ln ((VCC+0.33)/(IOHR+VCC+0.33))
VCC : Motor supply voltage (V)
L
: Motor inductance (H)
R
: Motor winding resistance ()
IOH : Motor set output current crest value (A)
For the values of Vsat and Vdf, be sure to substitute from Vsat vs IOH and Vdf vs IOH at the setting current value IOH.
(See pages to follow)
Then, determine if a heat sink is necessary by comparing with the Tc vs Pd graph (see next page) based on the
calculated average output loss, IPM.
For heat sink design, be sure to see ‘5. Thermal Design’.
The IPM average power, PdAVex described above, represents loss when not in avalanche mode.
To add the loss in avalanche mode, be sure to add PAVL using the formula (for average power loss , PAVL, for
STK672-7** during avalanche mode, described below to PdAVex described above.)
When using this IC without a fin, always check for temperature increases in the set, because the HIC substrate
temperature, Tc, varies due to effects of convection around the IPM.
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STK672-732AN-E
4-2. [Calculating the average power loss, PAVL, during avalanche mode]
The allowable avalanche energy, EAVL, during fixed current chopping operation is represented by Equation (3-2) used
to find the average power loss, PAVL, during avalanche mode that is calculated by multiplying Equation (3-1) by the
chopping frequency.
PAVL=VDSSIAVL0.5tAVLfc ············································································· (3-2)
fc : Hz units (fc is set to the PWM frequency of 50kHz.)
Be sure to actually operate an STK672-7** series and substitute values found when observing operations on an
oscilloscope for VDSS, IAVL, and tAVL.
The sum of PAVL values for each excitation mode is multiplied by the constants given below and added to the average
internal IPM loss equation, except in the case of 2-phase excitation.
1-2 excitation mode and higher : PAVL(1) = 0.7 PAVL ····················································(4-1)
During2-phase excitation mode and motor hold : PAVL(1) = 1 PAVL ···································(4-2)
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STK672-732AN-E
Output Saturation Voltage Vsat - V
STK672-732AN-E Output Saturation Voltage Vsat vs. Output Current
1
0.8
0.6
Tc=25°C
0.4
Tc=105°C
0.2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Output current, IOH - A
STK672-732AN-E Forward voltage, Vdf -Output current, IOH
Forward voltage, Vdf - V
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
Tc=25°C
0.6
Tc=105°C
0.4
0.2
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Output current, IOH - A
Substrate temperature rise, Tc (no heat sink) - Internal average power dissipation,
Substrate temperature rise, Tc - C
PdAV
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
Hybrid IC internal average power dissipation, PdAV - W
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2.5
3
STK672-732AN-E
5. Thermal design
[Operating range in which a heat sink is not used]
Use of a heat sink to lower the operating substrate temperature of the IPM (Intelligent Power Module) is effective in
increasing the quality of the IPM.
The size of heat sink for the IPM varies depending on the magnitude of the average power loss, PdAV, within the IPM.
The value of PdAV increases as the output current increases. To calculate PdAV, refer to “Calculating Internal IPM
Loss” in the specification document.
Calculate the internal IPM loss, PdAV, assuming repeat operation such as shown in Figure 1 below, since
conduction during motor rotation and off time both exist during actual motor operations,
IO1
Motor phase current
(sink side)
IO2
0A
-IO1
T1
T2
T3
T0
Figure 1. Motor Current Timing
T1 : Motor rotation operation time
T2 : Motor hold operation time
T3 : Motor current off time
T2 may be reduced, depending on the application.
T0 : Single repeated motor operating cycle
IO1 and IO2 : Motor current peak values
Due to the structure of motor windings, the phase current is a positive and negative current with a pulse form.
Note that figure 1 presents the concepts here, and that the on/off duty of the actual signals will differ.
The IPM internal average power dissipation PdAV can be calculated from the following formula.
PdAV = (T1P1+T2P2+T30) TO ---------------------------- (I)
(Here, P1 is the PdAV for IO1 and P2 is the PdAV for IO2)
If the value calculated using Equation (I) is 1.5W or less, and the ambient temperature, Ta, is 60C or less, there is no
need to attach a heat sink. Refer to Figure 2 for operating substrate temperature data when no heat sink is used.
[Operating range in which a heat sink is used]
Although a heat sink is attached to lower Tc if PdAV increases, the resulting size can be found using the value of
c-a in Equation (II) below and the graph depicted in Figure 3.
c-a = (Tc max-Ta) PdAV ---------------------------- (II)
Tc max : Maximum operating substrate temperature = 105C
Ta: IPM ambient temperature
Although a heat sink can be designed based on equations (I) and (II) above, be sure to mount the IPM in a set and
confirm that the substrate temperature, Tc, is 105C or less.
The average IPM power loss, PdAV, described above represents the power loss when there is no avalanche operation.
To add the loss during avalanche operations, be sure to add Equation (3-2), “Allowable STK672-7** Avalanche
Energy Value”, to PdAV.
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STK672-732AN-E
Figure 2
Substrate temperature rise, Tc (no heat sink) - Internal average power dissipation,
Substrate temperature rise, Tc - C
PdAV
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Hybrid IC internal average power dissipation, PdAV - W
Figure 3
Heat sink area (Board thickness: 2mm) - c-a
Heat sink thermal resistance,
Θc -a- C / W
100
No surface finish
Surface finished in
black
10
1
10
100
Heat sink area, S cm2 (thickness : 2mm)
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1000
STK672-732AN-E
6. Mitigated Curve of Package Power Loss, PdPK, vs. Ambient Temperature, Ta
Package power loss, PdPK, refers to the average internal power loss, PdAV, allowable without a heat sink.
The figure below represents the allowable power loss, PdPK, vs. fluctuations in the ambient temperature, Ta.
Power loss of up to 2.8 W is allowable at Ta = 25C, and of up to 1.5 W at Ta = 60C.
* The package thermal resistance θc-a is 28.6°C/W.
Allowable power dissipation, PdPK (no heat sink) - Ambient temperature, Ta
Allowable power dissipation, PdPK - W
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0
20
40
60
Ambient temperature, Ta - °C
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80
100
120
STK672-732AN-E
7. Example of Stepper Motor Driver Output Current Path (1-2 phase excitation)
2 Phase stepper motor
IoA
VDD
IoAB
A
AB
B
BB
F1
F2
F3
F4
FAO
BBIN
Vcc
FAB
FBO
FBB
BIN
ABIN
24V
AIN
RESETB
ENABLE
FAULT
Latch
Power on
reset
R1
AI
BI
Chopper
circuit
FAULT signal
(Open drain)
Over heat
detection
Over
current
detection
Vref
/4.9
Latch
Vref
Amp
100k
VSS
VSS
+ C02
R2
P.G2
P.GND
P.G1
VSS
φA(Pin 13)
φAB(Pin 17)
Phase A output
current
IoA
PWM operation
Phase AB output
current
IoAB
When PWM operations of IOA
are OFF, for IOAB, negative
current flows through the
parasitic diode, F2.
When PWM operations of IOAB
are OFF, for IOA, negative
current flows through the
parasitic diode, F1.
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at least 100F
STK672-732AN-E
8. Other usage notes
In addition to the “Notes” indicated in the Sample Application Circuit, care should also be given to the following
contents during use.
(1) Allowable operating range
Operation of this product assumes use within the allowable operating range. If a supply voltage or an input voltage
outside the allowable operating range is applied, an overvoltage may damage the internal control IC or the
MOSFET.
If a voltage application mode that exceeds the allowable operating range is anticipated, connect a fuse or take other
measures to cut off power supply to the product.
(2) Input pins
If the input pins are connected directly to the board connectors, electrostatic discharge or other overvoltage outside
the specified range may be applied from the connectors and may damage the product. Current generated by this
overvoltage can be suppressed to effectively prevent damage by inserting 100 to 1k resistors in lines connected
to the input pins.
Take measures such as inserting resistors in lines connected to the input pins.
(3) Power connectors
If the motor power supply VCC is applied by mistake without connecting the GND part of the power connector
when the product is operated, such as for test purposes, an overcurrent flows through the VCC decoupling capacitor,
C1, to the parasitic diode between the VDD of the internal control IC and GND, and may damage the power supply
pin block of the internal control IC.
To prevent damage in this case, connect a 10 resistor to the VDD pin, or insert a diode between the VCC
decoupling capacitor C1 GND and the VDD pin.
Overcurrent protection measure: insert a resistor
VDD=5V
5V
Reg.
.
9
A
AB
B
BB
5
7
3
1
VDD
FAO
FABO
ΦA
FBO
ΦAB
Vcc
FBBO
ΦB
ΦBB
R1
ENABLE
AI
RESETB
BI
R2
GND
2
6
Vref
FAULT
Vref
24V
Reg
.
C1
VSS
S.G
open
Overcurrent protection measure: insert a diode
Overcurrent path
(4) Input Signal Lines
1) Do not use an IC socket to mount the driver, and instead solder the driver directly to the board to minimize
fluctuations in the GND potential due to the influence of the resistance component and inductance component of
the GND pattern wiring.
2) To reduce noise caused by electromagnetic induction to small signal lines, do not design small signal lines (sensor
signal lines, and 5 V or 3.3 V power supply signal lines) that run parallel in close proximity to the motor output line
A (Pin 5), AB (Pin 7), B (Pin 3), or BB (Pin 1) phases.
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STK672-732AN-E
(5) When mounting multiple drivers on a single board
When mounting multiple drivers on a single board, the GND design should mount a VCC decoupling capacitor, C1, for
each driver to stabilize the GND potential of the other drivers. The key wiring points are as follows.
24v
5V
9
Input
Signals
Motor
1
IC1
19 18
9
Input
Signals
Motor
2
IC2
2
2
6
6
19 18
9
Input
Signals
Motor
3
IC3
2
19 18
6
GND
GND
Short
Thick and short
Thick
(6) VCC operating limit
When the output (for example F1) of a 2-phase stepper motor driver is turned OFF, the AB phase back electromotive
force eab produced by current flowing to the paired F2 parasitic diode is induced in the F1 side, causing the output
voltage VFB to become twice or more the VCC voltage. This is expressed by the following formula.
VFB = VCC + eab
= VCC + VCC + IOH RM + Vdf (1.6 V)
VCC : Motor supply voltage, IOH: Motor current set by Vref
Vdf : Voltage drop due to F2 parasitic diode and current detection resistor R1, RM: Motor winding resistance value
Using the above formula, make sure that VFB is always less than the MOSFET withstand voltage of 100 V. This is
because there is a possibility that operating limit of VCC falls below the allowable operating range of 42 V, due to the
RM and IOH specifications.
VCC
VCC
AB phase
A phase
AB phase
A phase
eab
eab is generated by the
mutual induction M.
Current path
VFB
M
F2
OFF
F1
ON
VCC
eab
Current path
M
F2
OFF
F1
OFF
R1
R1
GND
GND
The oscillating voltage in excess of VFB is caused by LCRM (inductance, capacitor, resistor, mutual inductance)
oscillation that includes micro capacitors C, not present in the circuit. Since M is affected by the motor characteristics,
there is some difference in oscillating voltage according to the motor specifications. In addition, constant voltage drive
without constant current drive enables motor rotation at VCC 0 V.
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STK672-732AN-E
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
STK672-732AN-E
Package
Shipping (Qty / Packing)
SIP-19
(Pb-Free)
20 / Tube
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