QD48T0180205 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.8 and 2.5 VDC @ 15A Output
The QD48T018025 dual output through-hole mounted
DC-DC converter offers unprecedented performance in a
quarter brick package by providing two independently regulated high current outputs. This is accomplished by the use
of patent pending circuit and packaging techniques to
achieve ultra-high efficiency, excellent thermal performance
and a very low body profile.
In telecommunications applications the QD48 converters
provide up to 15 A per channel simultaneously – 30 A total –
with thermal performance far exceeding existing dual quarter
bricks and comparable to dual half-bricks. Low body profile
and the preclusion of heat sinks minimize airflow shadowing,
thus enhancing cooling for downstream devices. The use of
100% surface-mount technologies for assembly, coupled
with Power-One’s advanced electric and thermal circuitry
and packaging, results in a product with extremely high quality and reliability.
QD48T018025 Converter
Features
•
•
100
90
Applications
•
•
Total Output Power [W]
Fig. 1: Available output power vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QD48T018025 converter with D height pins
mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, MOSFET
temperature ≤ 120°C, Vin = 48 V and balanced load on both outputs (Iout1 = Iout2).
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
80
70
60
50
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
40
30
20
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
•
•
•
•
Telecommunications
Datacommunications
Wireless
Servers
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
•
•
Page 1 of 15
RoHS lead-free solder and lead-solder-exempted
products are available
Delivers up to 15 A simultaneously on 1.8 VDC and
2.5 VDC outputs
Can replace two single output quarter-bricks
Minimal cross-channel interference
High efficiency: 86% @ 2x15 A, 87% @ 2x7.5 A
Starts-up into pre-biased output
No minimum load required
No heat sink required
Low profile: 0.28” [7.2 mm]
Low weight: 1 oz [28 g] typical
Industry-standard footprint: 1.45” x 2.30”
Industry-standard pinout
Meets Basic Insulation Requirements of EN60950
Withstands 100 V input transient for 100 ms
On-board LC input filter
Fixed-frequency operation
Fully protected
Output voltage trim range: ±10% for both outputs
Trim resistor via industry-standard equations
High reliability: MTBF 2.6 million hours, calculated per
Telcordia TR-332, Method I Case 1
Positive or negative logic ON/OFF option
UL 60950 recognized in U.S. & Canada, and DEMKO
certified per IEC/EN 60950 (pending)
Meets conducted emissions requirements of FCC
Class B and EN55022 Class B with external filter
All materials meet UL94, V-0 flammability rating
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QD48T0180205 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.8 and 2.5 VDC @ 15A Output
Electrical Specifications
Conditions: TA=25ºC, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
NOTES
Input Voltage
Operating Ambient Temperature
Storage Temperature
Continuous
MIN
TYP
0
-40
-55
MAX
UNITS
80
85
125
Vdc
°C
°C
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Operating Input Voltage Range
Input Under Voltage Lockout
Turn-on Threshold
Turn-off Threshold
Input Voltage Transient
36
48
75
Vdc
33
31
34
32
35
33
100
Vdc
Vdc
V
10,000
10,000
15
15
19.5
19.5
30
30
4
4
µF
µF
Adc
Adc
Adc
Adc
A
A
Arms
Arms
Non-latching
100 ms
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
External Load Capacitance:
Output Current Range:
Current Limit Inception:
Peak Short-Circuit Current:
RMS Short-Circuit Current:
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
Plus full load (resistive)
Plus full load (resistive)
At nominal output voltage 1.8 V
At nominal output voltage 2.5 V
Non-latching
Non-latching
Non-latching. Short = 10 mΩ.
Non-latching. Short = 10 mΩ.
Non-latching
Non-latching
0
0
16.5
16.5
18
18
20
20
ISOLATION CHARACTERISTICS
I/O Isolation
Isolation Capacitance
Isolation Resistance
2000
Vdc
nF
MΩ
1.3
10
FEATURE CHARACTERISTICS
Switching Frequency
1
Output Voltage Trim Range
Output Over-Voltage Protection
Over-Temperature Shutdown (PCB)
Auto-Restart Period
Turn-On Time
ON/OFF Control (Positive Logic)
Converter Off
Converter On
ON/OFF Control (Negative Logic)
Converter Off
Converter On
415
1.8 V See section: Output Voltage Adjust/TRIM
2.5 V Simultaneous with 1.8 V output
-10
-10
1.8 V Non-latching
2.5 V Non-latching
Non-latching
Applies to all protection features
2.5 V 1.8 V tracks 2.5 V
2.10
2.90
+10
+10
2.25
3.125
125
100
3
kHz
%
%
2.34
3.25
V
V
°C
ms
ms
-20
2.4
0.8
20
Vdc
Vdc
2.4
-20
20
0.8
Vdc
Vdc
Additional Notes:
1. Vout1 and Vout2 can be simultaneously increased or decreased up to 10% via the Trim function. When trimming up, in order not to exceed
the converter‘s maximum allowable output power capability equal to the product of the nominal output voltage and the allowable output current
for the given conditions, the designer must, if necessary, decrease the maximum current (originally obtained from the derating curves) by the
same percentage to ensure the converter’s actual output power remains at or below the maximum allowable output power.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Page 2 of 15
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QD48T0180205 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.8 and 2.5 VDC @ 15A Output
Electrical Specifications (continued)
Conditions: TA=25ºC, Airflow=300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin=48 Vdc, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
INPUT CHARACTERISTICS
NOTES
Maximum Input Current
Input Stand-by Current
Input No Load Current (0 load on both outputs)
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
MIN
1.8 Vdc @ 15 Adc, 2.5 Vdc @ 15 Adc,
Vin = 36 V
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
See Figure 33 - 25MHz bandwidth
120Hz
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.1
Adc
3
48
6
TBD
mAdc
mAdc
mAPK-PK
dB
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
2
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
Output Regulation: Over Line
3
Over Load
4
Cross Regulation
Output Voltage Range
Output Ripple and Noise - 25MHz BW
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
1.8 V
2.5 V
-40ºC to 85ºC
-40ºC to 85ºC
1.787
2.480
For Iout2 (2.5 V) change from 0 to 15 A
For Iout1 (1.8 V) change from 0 to 15 A
Over line, load and cross regulation
Over line, load and cross regulation
Full load + 1 µF ceramic
Full load + 1 µF ceramic
1.764
2.450
1.805
2.505
±2
±2
-10
-10
-5
-5
1.823
2.530
1.836
2.550
40
50
25
30
Vdc
Vdc
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
mV
Vdc
Vdc
mVPK-PK
mVPK-PK
DYNAMIC RESPONSE
Load Change: 50% to 75% to 50%
di/dt = 0.1 A/µS 1.8 V
2.5 V
Setting Time to 1%
1.8 V
2.5 V
di/dt = 5 A/µS 1.8 V
2.5 V
Setting Time to 1%
1.8 V
2.5 V
∆Iout = 25% of IoutMax
Co = 10 µF tant. + 1 µF ceramic (Fig.20)
Co = 10 µF tant. + 1 µF ceramic (Fig.21)
Co = 300 µF tant. + 1 µF ceramic (Fig.22)
Co = 300 µF tant. + 1 µF ceramic (Fig.23)
75
60
100
100
100
100
60
60
mV
mV
µs
µs
mV
mV
µs
µs
86
87
%
%
EFFICIENCY
1.8 V 100% Load, 2.5 V 100% Load
1.8 V 50% Load, 2.5 V 50% Load
Additional Notes:
2. No load set point is 5 mV higher than the nominal voltage, to partially compensate voltage drop on the output pins.
3. Load regulation is affected with resistance of the output pins (approximately 0.3 mΩ) since there is no remote sense.
4. Cross regulation is affected with resistance of the RETURN pin (approximately 0.3 mΩ) since there is no remote sense.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Page 3 of 15
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QD48T0180205 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.8 and 2.5 VDC @ 15A Output
Physical Information
Pin Connections
7
1
TOP VIEW
2
3
6
5
4
•
•
SIDE VIEW
•
•
•
Height
Option
A
B
C
D
HT
(Maximum Height)
CL
(Minimum Clearance)
+0.000 [+0.00]
-0.038 [- 0.97]
0.303 [7.69]
0.336 [8.53]
0.500 [12.70]
0.400 [10.16]
+0.016 [+0.41]
-0.000 [- 0.00]
0.030 [0.77]
0.063 [1.60]
0.227 [5.77]
0.127 [3.23]
Pin
Option
A
B
C
Pin #
Function
1
Vin (+)
2
ON/OFF
3
Vin (-)
4
Vout1 (+)
5
RTN [Vout1(-) and Vout2(-)]
6
TRIM
7
Vout2 (+)
All dimensions are in inches [mm]
All pins are Ø 0.040” [1.02] with Ø 0.078”
[1.98] shoulder
Pin Material: Brass
Pin Finish: Tin/Lead over Nickel
Converter Weight: 1 oz [28 g] typical
PL
Pin Length
±0.005
[±0.13]
0.188 [4.77]
0.145 [3.68]
0.110 [2.79]
Converter Part Numbering Scheme
Product
Series
Input
Voltage
Mounting
Scheme
Output
Voltage 1
(VOUT1 )
Output
Voltage 2
(VOUT2)
QD
48
T
018
025
018 ⇒ 1.8 V
025 ⇒ 2.5 V
Dual
QuarterBrick
Format
36-75 V
Throughhole
-
Note: Always specify VOUT2 as the
higher of the two output voltages.
ON/OFF
Logic
Maximum
Height
[HT]
Pin
Length
[PL]
Special
Features
N
B
A
0
A ⇒ 0.303”
B ⇒ 0.336”
C ⇒ 0.500”
D ⇒ 0.400”
A ⇒ 0.188”
B ⇒ 0.145”
C ⇒ 0.110”
N⇒
Negative
P⇒
Positive
0 ⇒ STD
The example above describes P/N QD48T018025-NBA0: 36-75 V input, dual output, through-hole mounting, 1.8 V and 2.5 V outputs @ 15 A each,
negative ON/OFF logic, a maximum height of 0.336”, and a through the board pin length of 0.188”. Please consult factory regarding availability of a specific
version.
RoHS Ordering Information:
•
No RoHS suffix character is required for lead-solder-exemption compliance.
•
For RoHS compliance to all six substances, add the letter "G" as the last letter of the part number.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Page 4 of 15
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QD48T0180205 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.8 and 2.5 VDC @ 15A Output
case it should be capable of sourcing or sinking up to 1 mA
depending on the signal polarity. See the Start-up Information section for system timing waveforms associated with
use of the ON/OFF pin.
Operation
Input and Output Impedance
These power converters have been designed to be stable
with no external capacitors when used in low inductance input and output circuits.
Output Voltage Adjust /TRIM (Pin 6)
However, in many applications, the inductance associated
with the distribution from the power source to the input of the
converter can affect the stability of the converter. The addition of a 33 µF electrolytic capacitor with an ESR < 1 Ω
across the input helps ensure stability of the converter. In
many applications, the user has to use decoupling capacitance at the load. The converter will exhibit stable operation
with external load capacitance up to 10,000 µF on both outputs.
The TRIM pin should be left open if trimming is not being
used. To minimize noise pickup, a 0.1 µF capacitor is connected internally between the TRIM and RETURN pins.
The converter’s output voltages can be adjusted simultaneously up 10% or down 10% relative to the rated output voltages by the addition of an externally connected resistor.
ON/OFF (Pin 2)
Vin
The ON/OFF pin is used to turn the power converter on or
off remotely via a system signal. There are two remote control options available, positive logic and negative logic and
both are referenced to Vin(-). Typical connections are shown
in Fig. 2.
Q
TM
Vin (+)
Family
Converter
Vout2 (+)
(Top View)
TRIM
Rload2
Q Family
Converter
Vout2 (+)
(Top View)
TRIM
TM
Vin (+)
R T-INCR
Rload2
ON/OFF
RTN
Rload1
Vin (-)
Vout1 (+)
Fig. 3: Configuration for increasing output voltage.
To increase the output voltage (refer to Fig. 3), a trim resistor, RT-INCR, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6)
and RETURN (Pin 5), with a value from the table below.
ON/OFF
Vin
RTN
Rload1
Vin (-)
Q Family
Converter
Vout2 (+)
(Top View)
TRIM
TM
Vin (+)
Vout1 (+)
CONTROL
INPUT
Vin
Fig. 2: Circuit configuration for ON/OFF function.
ON/OFF
Rload2
R T-DECR
RTN
Rload1
Vin (-)
The positive logic version turns on when the ON/OFF pin is
at logic high and turns off when at logic low. The converter is
on when the ON/OFF pin is left open.
The negative logic version turns on when the pin is at logic
low and turns off when the pin is at logic high. The ON/OFF
pin can be hard wired directly to Vin(-) to enable automatic
power up of the converter without the need of an external
control signal.
ON/OFF pin is internally pulled-up to 5 V through a resistor.
A mechanical switch, open collector transistor, or FET can
be used to drive the input of the ON/OFF pin. The device
must be capable of sinking up to 0.2 mA at a low level voltage of ≤ 0.8 V. An external voltage source of ±20 V max.
may be connected directly to the ON/OFF input, in which
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Vout1 (+)
Fig. 4: Configuration for decreasing output voltage.
To decrease the output voltage, a trim resistor RT-DECR, (Fig.
4) should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6) and
Vout2(+) pin (Pin 7), with a value from the table below,
where:
∆ = percentage of increase or decrease Vout(NOM).
Note 1: Both outputs are trimmed up or down simultaneously.
Page 5 of 15
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QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
Trim Resistor
(Vout Increase)
Output Overvoltage Protection (OVP)
Trim Resistor
(Vout Decrease)
∆ [%]
RT-INCR [kΩ]
∆ [%]
RT-DECR [kΩ]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
46.4
20.5
12.1
8.06
5.23
3.57
2.21
1.30
0.604
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9
-10
57.6
25.5
14.0
8.87
5.90
3.83
2.32
1.30
0.432
0
The converter will shut down if the output voltage across either Vout1(+) (Pin 4) or Vout2(+) (Pin 7) and RETURN (Pin
5) exceeds the threshold of the OVP circuitry. The OVP protection is separate for Vout1 and Vout2 with their own reference independent of the output voltage regulation loops.
Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart
every 100 ms until the OVP condition is removed.
Overtemperature Protection (OTP)
Note 2: The above trim resistor values match those typically
used in industry-standard dual quarter bricks.
Protection Features
The converter will shut down under an overtemperature condition to protect itself from overheating caused by operation
outside the thermal derating curves, or operation in abnormal conditions such as system fan failure. After the converter has cooled to a safe operating temperature, it will
automatically restart.
Input Undervoltage Lockout
Safety Requirements
Input undervoltage lockout is standard with this converter.
The converter will shut down when the input voltage drops
below a pre-determined voltage.
The converters meet North American and International
safety regulatory requirements per UL60950 and EN60950.
Basic Insulation is provided between input and output.
The input voltage must be at least 35 V for the converter to
turn on. Once the converter has been turned on, it will shut
off when the input voltage drops below 31 V. This feature is
beneficial in preventing deep discharging of batteries used in
telecom applications.
To comply with safety agencies requirements, an input line
fuse must be used external to the converter. A 4-A fuse is
recommended for use with this product.
Output Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
EMC requirements must be met at the end-product system
level, as no specific standards dedicated to EMC characteristics of board mounted component dc-dc converters exist.
However, Power-One tests its converters to several system
level standards, primary of which is the more stringent
EN55022, Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement.
The converter is protected against over-current or short circuit conditions on both outputs. Upon sensing an overcurrent condition, the converter will switch to constant current operation and thereby begin to reduce output voltages.
If, due to current limit, the output voltage Vout2 (2.5 V) drops
below Vout1 - 0.6 V converter will shutdown. If, due to current limit, the output voltage Vout1 (1.8 V) drops below 60%
of its nominal value (1.1 V) the converter will shut down
(Figs. 26 and 27). Thus, current limit on one output does not
affect regulation on the other output.
Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart
nominally every 100 ms with a typical 2% duty cycle (Figs.
28 and 29). The attempted restart will continue indefinitely
until the overload or short circuit conditions are removed or
the output voltage rises above under-voltage threshold.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
With the addition of a simple external filter (see application
notes), all versions of the QD48T converters pass the requirements of Class B conducted emissions per EN55022
and FCC, and meet at a minimum, Class A radiated emissions per EN 55022 and Class B per FCC Title 47CFR, Part
15-J. Please contact Power-One Applications Engineering
for details of this testing.
Page 6 of 15
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QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
temperature was varied between 25°C and 85°C, with airflow
rates from 30 to 500 LFM (0.15 to 2.5 m/s), and vertical and
horizontal converter mounting.
Characterization
General Information
The converter has been characterized for many operational
aspects, to include thermal derating (maximum load current
as a function of ambient temperature and airflow) for vertical
and horizontal mounting, efficiency, start-up and shutdown
parameters, output ripple and noise, transient response to
load step-change, overload and short circuit.
The following pages contain specific plots or waveforms associated with the converter. Additional comments for specific
data are provided below.
Test Conditions
All data presented were taken with the converter soldered to
a test board, specifically a 0.060” thick printed wiring board
(PWB) with four layers. The top and bottom layers were not
metalized. The two inner layers, comprising two-ounce copper, were used to provide traces for connectivity to the converter.
The lack of metalization on the outer layers as well as the
limited thermal connection ensured that heat transfer from
the converter to the PWB was minimized. This provides a
worst-case but consistent scenario for thermal derating purposes.
For each set of conditions, the maximum load current was
defined as the lowest of:
(i) The output current at which either any FET junction temperature did not exceed a maximum specified temperature
(120°C) as indicated by the thermographic image, or
(ii) The nominal rating of the converter (15 A on either output)
During normal operation, derating curves with maximum FET
temperature less than or equal to 120°C should not be exceeded. Temperature on the PCB at the thermocouple location shown in Fig. 34 should not exceed 118°C in order to
operate inside the derating curves.
Efficiency
Efficiency vs. load current plots are shown in Figs. 12-17 for
ambient temperature of 25ºC, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5
m/s), both vertical and horizontal orientations, and input voltages of 36 V, 48 V and 72 V, for different combinations of
the loads on outputs Vout1 and Vout2.
Start-up
All measurements requiring airflow were made in PowerOne’s vertical and horizontal wind tunnel facilities using infrared (IR) thermography and thermocouples for thermometry.
Output voltage waveforms during the turn-on transient using
the ON/OFF pin, are shown without and with full rated load
currents (resistive load) in Figs. 18 and 19, respectively.
Ensuring that the components on the converter do not exceed their ratings is important to maintaining high reliability.
If one anticipates operating the converter at or close to the
maximum loads specified in the derating curves, it is prudent
to check actual operating temperatures in the application.
Thermographic imaging is preferable; if this capability is not
available, then thermocouples may be used. Power-One
recommends the use of AWG #40 gauge thermocouples to
ensure measurement accuracy. Careful routing of the thermocouple leads will further minimize measurement error.
Refer to Figure 34 for optimum measuring thermocouple location.
Ripple and Noise
Figure 30 shows the output voltage ripple waveform, measured at full rated load current on both outputs with a 1 µF
ceramic capacitor across both outputs. Note that all output
voltage waveforms are measured across a 1 µF ceramic capacitor.
The input reflected ripple current waveforms are obtained
using the test setup shown in Fig. 31. The corresponding
waveforms are shown in Figs. 32 and 33.
Thermal Derating
Available output power and load current vs. ambient temperature and airflow rates are given in Figs. 8-11. Ambient
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Page 7 of 15
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QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
Start-up Information (using negative ON/OFF)
Scenario #1: Initial Start-up From Bulk Supply
ON/OFF function enabled, converter started via application of VIN.
See Figure 5.
Time
Comments
t0
ON/OFF pin is ON; system front end power is toggled
on, VIN to converter begins to rise.
t1
VIN crosses Under-Voltage Lockout protection circuit
threshold; converter enabled.
t2
Converter begins to respond to turn-on command
(converter turn-on delay).
t3
Output voltage VOUT1 reaches 100% of nominal value.
t4
Output voltage VOUT2 reaches 100% of nominal value.
For this example, the total converter start-up time (t4- t1) is typically
3 ms.
VIN
ON/OFF
STATE
OFF
ON
VOUT2
VOUT2
VOUT1
VOUT1
t0
t1 t2
t3
t4
Fig. 5: Start-up scenario #1.
Scenario #2: Initial Start-up Using ON/OFF Pin
With VIN previously powered, converter started via ON/OFF pin.
See Figure 6.
Time
Comments
t0
VINPUT at nominal value.
t1
Arbitrary time when ON/OFF pin is enabled (converter
enabled).
t2
End of converter turn-on delay.
t3
Output voltage VOUT1 reaches 100% of nominal value.
t4
Output voltage VOUT2 reaches 100% of nominal value.
For this example, the total converter start-up time (t4 - t1) is typically 3 ms.
Scenario #3: Turn-off and Restart Using ON/OFF Pin
With VIN previously powered, converter is disabled and then enabled via ON/OFF pin. See Figure 7.
Time
Comments
t0
VIN and VOUT are at nominal values; ON/OFF pin ON.
t1
ON/OFF pin arbitrarily disabled; converter outputs fall
to zero; turn-on inhibit delay period (100 ms typical) is
initiated, and ON/OFF pin action is internally inhibited.
t2
ON/OFF pin is externally re-enabled.
If (t2- t1) ≤ 100 ms, external action of ON/OFF pin
is locked out by start-up inhibit timer.
If (t2- t1) > 100 ms, ON/OFF pin action is internally
enabled.
t3
Turn-on inhibit delay period ends. If ON/OFF pin is ON,
converter begins turn-on; if off, converter awaits
ON/OFF pin ON signal; see Figure 6.
t4
End of converter turn-on delay.
t5
Output voltage VOUT1 reaches 100% of nominal value.
t6
Output voltage VOUT2 reaches 100% of nominal value.
For the condition, (t2 - t1) ≤ 100 ms, the total converter start-up
time (t6 - t2) is typically 103 ms. For (t2 - t1) > 100 ms, start-up time
will be typically 3 ms after release of ON/OFF pin.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
VIN
ON/OFF
STATE OFF
ON
VOUT2
VOUT2
VOUT1
VOUT1
t0
t1 t2
t3
t4
Fig. 6: Start-up scenario #2.
VIN
100 ms
ON/OFF
STATE OFF
Page 8 of 15
ON
VOUT2
VOUT2
VOUT1
VOUT1
t0
t1
t2
t3 t4
t5 t6
Fig. 7: Start-up scenario #3.
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100
100
90
90
80
80
Total Output Power [W]
Total Output Power [W]
QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
70
60
50
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
40
30
20
10
70
60
50
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
40
30
20
10
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0
20
90
30
40
Ambient Temperature [°C]
17.5
17.5
Load Current Iout1, Iout2 [Adc]
Load Current Iout1, Iout2 [Adc]
20.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
2.5
70
80
90
Fig. 9: Available output power for balanced load current (Iout1
= Iout2) vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for converter with D height pins mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V,
air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 and maximum FET temperature
≤ 120°C.
20.0
5.0
60
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 8: Available output power for balanced load current (Iout1
= Iout2) vs. ambient air temperature and airflow rates for converter with D height pins mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air
flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 and maximum FET temperature ≤
120°C.
7.5
50
0.0
15.0
12.5
10.0
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
7.5
5.0
2.5
0.0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
20
Ambient Temperature [°C]
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 10: Available balanced load current (Iout1 = Iout2) vs.
ambient air temperature and airflow rates for converter with D
height pins mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from
pin 3 to pin 1 and maximum FET temperature ≤ 120°C.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
30
Fig. 11: Available balanced load current (Iout1 = Iout2) vs.
ambient temperature and airflow rates for converter with D
height pins mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing
from pin 3 to pin 1 and maximum FET temperature ≤ 120°C.
Page 9 of 15
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0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
0.80
0.75
0.80
0.75
72 V
48 V
36 V
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.70
0.70
Iout2 = 7.5 Adc
Iout2 = 7.5 Adc
0.65
0.65
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
16
2
4
8
10
12
14
16
Load Current Iout1 [Adc]
Load Current Iout1 [Adc]
Fig. 12: Efficiency vs. load current Iout1 and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), for Iout2 = 7.5 A and Ta = 25°C.
Fig. 13: Efficiency vs. load current Iout1 and input voltage for
converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), for Iout2 = 7.5 A and Ta =
25°C.
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
6
0.80
0.75
0.80
0.75
72 V
48 V
36 V
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.70
0.70
Iout1 = 7.5 Adc
Iout1 = 7.5 Adc
0.65
0.65
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
16
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Load Current Iout2 [Adc]
Load Current Iout2 [Adc]
Fig. 14: Efficiency vs. load current Iout2 and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), for Iout1 = 7.5 A and Ta = 25°C.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
2
Fig. 15: Efficiency vs. load current Iout2 and input voltage for
converter mounted horizontally with air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), for Iout1 = 7.5 A and Ta =
25°C.
Page 10 of 15
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0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
0.80
0.75
0.80
0.75
72 V
48 V
36 V
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.70
0.70
0.65
0.65
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
0
16
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Load Current Iout1 = Iout2 [Adc]
Load Current Iout1 = Iout2 [Adc]
Fig. 16: Efficiency vs. balanced load current (Iout1 = Iout2) and
input voltage for converter mounted vertically with air flowing
from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta =
25°C.
Fig. 17: Efficiency vs. balanced load current (Iout1 = Iout2) and
input voltage for converter mounted horizontally with air flowing
from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta =
25°C.
Fig. 18: Turn-on transient waveforms at no load current and
Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom traces: Vout1 (blue, 1 V/div.), Vout2 (red,
1 V/div.). Time scale: 1 ms/div.
Fig. 19: Turn-on transient waveforms at full rated load current
(resistive) and Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace:
ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom traces: Vout1 (blue, 1 V/div.),
Vout2 (red, 1 V/div.). Time scale: 1 ms/div.
.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Page 11 of 15
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QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
Fig. 20: Output voltage response to Iout1 load current stepchange of 3.75 A (50%-75%-50%) at Iout2 = 7.5 A and Vin =
48 V. Ch1 = Vout1 (50 mV/div), Ch2 = Vout2 (50 mV/div), Ch3
= Iout1 (10 A/div.), Ch4 = Iout2 (10 A/div.). Current slew rate:
0.1 A/µs, Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale: 0.5
ms/div.
Fig. 22: Output voltage response to Iout1 load current stepchange of 3.75 A (50%-75%-50%) at Iout2 = 7.5 A and Vin =
48 V. Ch1 = Vout1 (100 mV/div), Ch2 = Vout2 (100 mV/div),
Ch3 = Iout1 (10 A/div.), Ch4 = Iout2 (10 A/div.). Current slew
rate: 5 A/µs, Co = 300 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.5 ms/div.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
Fig. 21: Output voltage response to Iout2 load current stepchange of 3.75 A (50%-75%-50%) at Iout1 = 7.5 A and Vin =
48 V. Ch1 = Vout1 (50 mV/div), Ch2 = Vout2 (50 mV/div), Ch3
= Iout1 (10 A/div.), Ch4 = Iout2 (10 A/div.). Current slew rate:
0.1 A/µs, Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale: 0.5
ms/div.
Fig. 23: Output voltage response to Iout2 load current stepchange of 3.75 A (50%-75%-50%) at Iout1 = 7.5 A and Vin =
48 V. Ch1 = Vout1 (100 mV/div), Ch2 = Vout2 (100 mV/div),
Ch3 = Iout1 (10 A/div.), Ch4 = Iout2 (10 A/div.). Current slew
rate: 5 A/µs, Co = 300 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.5 ms/div.
Page 12 of 15
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QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
Fig. 24: Output voltage response to both Iout1 and Iout2 (out
of phase) load current step-change of 3.75 A (50%-75%-50%)
at Vin = 48 V. Ch1 = Vout1 (50 mV/div), Ch2 = Vout2 (50
mV/div), Ch3 = Iout1 (10 A/div.), Ch4 = Iout2 (10 A/div.). Current slew rate: 0.1 A/µs, Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic.
Time scale: 1 ms/div.
Fig. 25: Output voltage response to both Iout1 and Iout2 (out
of phase) load current step-change of 3.75 A (50%-75%-50%)
at Vin = 48 V. Ch1 = Vout1 (100 mV/div), Ch2 = Vout2 (100
mV/div), Ch3 = Iout1 (10 A/div.), Ch4 = Iout2 (10 A/div.). Current slew rate: 5 A/µs, Co = 300 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic.
Time scale: 1 ms/div.
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
Vout [Vdc]
Vout [Vdc]
Note: The only cross-talk during transient is due to the common RETURN pin for both outputs.
Vout1
2.0
1.0
Vout2
2.0
1.0
0
0
0
5
10
15
20
0
Iout [Adc]
10
15
20
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 26: Output voltage Vout1 vs. load current Iout1 showing
current limit point and converter shutdown point. When Vout1
is in current limit, Vout2 is not affected until Vout1 reaches the
shut-down threshold of 60% of its nominal value. Input voltage
has almost no effect on Vout1 current limit characteristic.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
5
Fig. 27: Output voltage Vout2 vs. load current Iout2 showing
current limit point and converter shutdown point. When Vout2
is in current limit, Vout1 is not affected until Vout2 reaches the
shut-down threshold equal to Vout1 - 0.6 V. Input voltage has
almost no effect on Vout2 current limit characteristic.
Page 13 of 15
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QM48T50012 DC-DC Converter Data Sheet
36-75 VDC Input; 1.2 VDC @ 50A Output
Fig. 28: Load current Iout1 into a 10 mΩ short circuit on Vout1
during restart, with Vout2 open (no load), at Vin = 48 V. Ch2 =
Iout1 (20 A/div, 20 ms/div). ChB = Iout1 (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is
an expansion of the on-time portion of Iout1.
Fig. 29: Load current Iout2 into a 10 mΩ short circuit on Vout2
during restart, with Vout1 open (no load), at Vin = 48 V. Ch2 =
Iout2 (20 A/div, 20 ms/div). ChB = Iout2 (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is
an expansion of the on-time portion of Iout2.
iS
10 µH
source
inductance
Vsource
Fig. 30: Output voltage ripple at full rated load current into a
resistive load on both outputs with Co = 1uF (ceramic) and Vin
= 48 V. Ch2 = Vout2, Ch1 = Vout1 (both 20 mV/div). Time
scale: 1 µs/div.
MAY 08, 2003 revised to NOV 13, 2006
iC
33 µF
ESR
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