The QmaXTM Series of high current single output dc-dc converters set new
standards for thermal performance and power density in the quarter-brick
package.
The 45 A QM48 converters of the QmaXTM Series provide outstanding thermal
performance in high temperature environments that is comparable to or
exceeds the industry’s leading 50 A half-bricks. This performance is
accomplished through the use of patented/patent-pending circuit, packaging,
and processing techniques to achieve ultra-high efficiency, excellent thermal
management, and a very low-body profile.
The low-body profile and the preclusion of heat sinks minimize impedance to
system airflow, thus enhancing cooling for both upstream and downstream
devices. The use of 100% automation for assembly, coupled with advanced
electronic circuits and thermal design, results in a product with extremely high
reliability.
Operating from a 36-75 V input, the QmaXTM Series converters provide any
standard output voltage from 3.3 V down to 1.0 V. Outputs can be trimmed
from –20% to +10% of the nominal output voltage (±10% for output voltages
1.2 V and 1.0 V), thus providing outstanding design flexibility.
36-75 VDC Input; 1.0 - 3.3 VDC @ 45 A Output (150 W)
On-board input differential LC-filter
Outputs available: 3.3, 2.5, 2.0, 1.8, 1.5, 1.2 & 1.0 V
Start-up into pre-biased load
No minimum load required
Low profile: 0.31” [7.9 mm]
Low weight: 1.1 oz [31.5 g]
Withstands 100 V input transient for 100 ms
Fixed-frequency operation
Remote output sense
Fully protected with automatic recovery
Positive or negative logic ON/OFF option
Output voltage trim range: +10%/−20% with industry-standard trim
equations (except 1.2 V and 1.0 V outputs with trim range ±10%)
High reliability: MTBF = 2.6 million hours, calculated per Telcordia
TR-332, Method I Case 1
Designed to meet Class B conducted emissions per FCC and EN55022
when used with external filter
All materials meet UL94, V-0 flammability rating
Approved to the latest edition of the following standards:
UL/CSA60950-1, IEC60950-1 and EN60950-1.
RoHS lead-free solder and lead-solder-exempted products are
available
Asia-Pacific
+86 755 298 85888
Europe, Middle East
+353 61 225 977
© 2015 Bel Power Solutions, Inc.
North America
+1 866 513 2839
BCD.00739_AA
2
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
80
VDC
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Input Voltage
Continuous
0
Operating Ambient Temperature
-40
85
°C
Storage Temperature
-55
125
°C
Input Characteristics
Operating Input Voltage Range
36
48
75
VDC
Turn-on Threshold
33
34
35
VDC
Turn-off Threshold
31
32
33
VDC
100
VDC
Input Under Voltage Lockout (Non-latching)
Input Voltage Transient
100 ms
Isolation Characteristics
I/O Isolation
2000
Isolation Capacitance
VDC
1.4
Isolation Resistance
nF
10
MΩ
Feature Characteristics
Switching Frequency
Output Voltage Trim Range1
415
kHz
Industry-std. equations (3.3 - 1.5 V)
-20
+10
%
Use trim equation on Page 4
(1.2 - 1.0 V)
-10
+10
%
+10
%
140
%
Remote Sense Compensation1
Percent of VOUT(NOM)
Output Overvoltage Protection
Non-latching
Overtemperature Shutdown (PCB)
Non-latching
125
°C
Auto-Restart Period
Applies to all protection features
100
ms
Turn-On Time
See Figs. F, G and H
117
128
4
ms
Converter Off (logic low)
-20
0.8
VDC
Converter On (logic high)
2.4
20
VDC
ON/OFF Control (Positive Logic)
Converter Off (logic high)
2.4
20
VDC
Converter On (logic low)
-20
0.8
VDC
ON/OFF Control (Negative Logic)
1
Vout can be increased up to 10% via the sense leads or up to 10% via the trim function. However, total output voltage trim from all
sources should not exceed 10% of VOUT(nom), in order to ensure specified operation of overvoltage protection circuitry.
tech.support@psbel.com
3
These power converters have been designed to be stable with no external capacitors when used in low inductance input
and output circuits.
In many applications, the inductance associated with the distribution from the power source to the input of the converter
can affect the stability of the converter. The addition of a 33 µF electrolytic capacitor with an ESR < 1 Ω across the input
helps to ensure stability of the converter. In many applications, the user has to use decoupling capacitance at the load.
The power converter will exhibit stable operation with external load capacitance up to 40000 µF on 3.3 - 1.0 V outputs.
Additionally, see the EMC section of this data sheet for discussion of other external components which may be required for
control of conducted emissions.
The ON/OFF pin is used to turn the power converter on or off remotely via a system signal. There are two remote control
options available, positive logic and negative logic, with both referenced to Vin(-). A typical connection is shown in Fig. A.
QmaX
TM
Series
Converter
Vin (+)
(Top View)
Vout (+)
SENSE (+)
ON/ OFF
Vin
TRIM
Rload
SENSE (-)
Vin (-)
Vout (-)
CONTROL
INPUT
Figure A. Circuit configuration for ON/OFF function.
The positive logic version turns on when the ON/OFF pin is at a logic high and turns off when at a logic low. The converter
is on when the ON/OFF pin is left open. See the Electrical Specifications for logic high/low definitions.
The negative logic version turns on when the pin is at a logic low and turns off when the pin is at a logic high. The ON/OFF
pin can be hardwired directly to Vin(-) to enable automatic power up of the converter without the need of an external control
signal.
The ON/OFF pin is internally pulled up to 5 V through a resistor. A properly debounced mechanical switch, open-collector
transistor, or FET can be used to drive the input of the ON/OFF pin. The device must be capable of sinking up to 0.2 mA at
a low level voltage of 0.8 V. An external voltage source (±20 V maximum) may be connected directly to the ON/OFF input,
in which case it must be capable of sourcing or sinking up to 1 mA depending on the signal polarity. See the Startup
Information section for system timing waveforms associated with use of the ON/OFF pin.
The remote sense feature of the converter compensates for voltage drops occurring between the output pins of the converter
and the load. The SENSE(-) (Pin 5) and SENSE(+) (Pin 7) pins should be connected at the load or at the point where regulation
is required (see Fig. B).
Vin (+)
QmaX
TM
Series
Converter
Vout (+)
Rw
100
(Top View)
Vin
ON/ OFF
SENSE(+)
TRIM
Rload
SENSE(-)
10
Vin (-)
Vout(-)
Rw
Figure B. Remote sense circuit configuration.
tech.support@psbel.com
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CAUTION
If remote sensing is not utilized, the SENSE(-) pin must be connected to the Vout(-) pin (Pin 4), and the SENSE(+) pin must
be connected to the Vout(+) pin (Pin 8) to ensure the converter will regulate at the specified output voltage. If these
connections are not made, the converter will deliver an output voltage that is slightly higher than the specified data sheet
value.
Because the sense leads carry minimal current, large traces on the end-user board are not required. However, sense traces
should be run side by side and located close to a ground plane to minimize system noise and ensure optimum performance.
The converter’s output overvoltage protection (OVP) senses the voltage across Vout(+) and Vout(-), and not across the sense
lines, so the resistance (and resulting voltage drop) between the output pins of the converter and the load should be
minimized to prevent unwanted triggering of the OVP.
When utilizing the remote sense feature, care must be taken not to exceed the maximum allowable output power capability
of the converter, which is equal to the product of the nominal output voltage and the allowable output current for the given
conditions.
When using remote sense, the output voltage at the converter can be increased by as much as 10% above the nominal
rating in order to maintain the required voltage across the load. Therefore, the designer must, if necessary, decrease the
maximum current (originally obtained from the derating curves) by the same percentage to ensure the converter’s actual
output power remains at or below the maximum allowable output power.
The output voltage can be adjusted up 10% or down 20% for Vout ≥ 1.5 V, and ±10% for Vout = 1.2 V and 1.0 V relative to
the rated output voltage by the addition of an externally connected resistor. For 3.3 V output voltage, trim up to 10% is
guaranteed only at Vin ≥ 40 V, and it is marginal (8% to 10%) at Vin = 36 V.
The TRIM pin should be left open if trimming is not being used. To minimize noise pickup, a 0.1µF capacitor is connected
internally between the TRIM and SENSE(-) pins.
To increase the output voltage, refer to Fig. C. A trim resistor, RT-INCR, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6) and
SENSE(+) (Pin 7), with a value of:
RTINCR
5.11(100 Δ)VONOM 626
10.22
1.225Δ
[kΩ]
(For 3.3-1.5 V)
RTINCR
84.6
7.2
Δ
[kΩ]
120
RTINCR
9
Δ
(1.2 V)
[kΩ] (1.0 V)
where,
RTINCR Required value of trim-up resistor [kΩ]
VONOM Nominal value of output voltage [V]
Δ
(VO-REQ VO-NOM )
X 100
VO -NOM
[%]
VOREQ
Desired (trimmed) output voltage [V].
When trimming up, care must be taken not to exceed the converter‘s maximum allowable output power. See the previous
section for a complete discussion of this requirement.
Vin (+)
QmaX
TM
Series
Converter
(Top View)
Vin
ON/ OFF
Vout (+)
SENSE(+)
R T- INCR
TRIM
Rload
SENSE (-)
Vin (-)
Vout (-)
Figure C. Configuration for increasing output voltage.
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To decrease the output voltage (Fig. D), a trim resistor, RT-DECR, should be connected between the TRIM (Pin 6) and SENSE(-) (Pin
5), with a value of:
RTDECR
511
10.22
|Δ|
[kΩ] (3.3-1.5 V)
700
RTDECR
15
|Δ|
[kΩ] (1.2 V)
700
RTDECR
17
|Δ|
[kΩ] (1.0 V)
where,
RTDECR Required value of trim-down resistor [kΩ]
and
Δ
is defined above.
NOTE:
The above equations for calculation of trim resistor values match those typically used in conventional industry-standard quarter-bricks
(except for 1.2 V and 1.0 V outputs).
Vin (+)
QmaX
TM
Series
Converter
(Top View)
Vin
ON/ OFF
Vout (+)
SENSE(+)
TRIM
Rload
RT- DECR
SENSE (-)
Vin (-)
Vout (-)
Figure D. Configuration for decreasing output voltage.
Trimming/sensing beyond 110% of the rated output voltage is not an acceptable design practice, as this condition could
cause unwanted triggering of the output overvoltage protection (OVP) circuit. The designer should ensure that the difference
between the voltages across the converter’s output pins and its sense pins does not exceed 10% of VOUT(NOM), or:
[VOUT() VOUT()] [VSENSE() VSENSE()] VO - NOM X 10% [V]
This equation is applicable for any condition of output sensing and/or output trim.
Input undervoltage lockout is standard with this converter. The converter will shut down when the input voltage drops below
a pre-determined voltage.
The input voltage must be typically 34 V for the converter to turn on. Once the converter has been turned on, it will shut off
when the input voltage drops typically below 32 V. This feature is beneficial in preventing deep discharging of batteries used
in telecom applications.
The converter is protected against overcurrent or short circuit conditions. Upon sensing an overcurrent condition, the
converter will switch to constant current operation and thereby begin to reduce output voltage. When the output voltage
drops below 60% of its nominal value, the converter will shut down.
Once the converter has shut down, it will attempt to restart nominally every 100 ms with a typical 1-2% duty cycle. The
attempted restart will continue indefinitely until the overload or short circuit conditions are removed or the output voltage
rises above 60% of its nominal value.
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Once the output current is brought back into its specified range, the converter automatically exits the hiccup mode and
continues normal operation.
The converter will shut down if the output voltage across Vout(+) (Pin 8) and Vout(-) (Pin 4) exceeds the threshold of the OVP
circuitry. The OVP circuitry contains its own reference, independent of the output voltage regulation loop. Once the converter
has shut down, it will attempt to restart every 100 ms until the OVP condition is removed.
The converter will shut down under an overtemperature condition to protect itself from overheating caused by operation
outside the thermal derating curves, or operation in abnormal conditions such as system fan failure. After the converter has
cooled to a safe operating temperature, it will automatically restart.
The converters meet North American and International safety regulatory requirements per the latest edition of the following
standards: UL/CSA60950-1, IEC60950-1 and EN60950-1.
Basic Insulation is provided between input and Output.
To comply with safety agencies’ requirements, an input line fuse must be used external to the converter. The Table below
provides the recommended fuse rating for use with this family of products.
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
FUSE RATING
3.3 V
10 A
2.5 V
7A
2.0-1.5 V
5A
1.2-1.0 V
3A
All QM converters are UL approved for a maximum fuse rating of 15 Amps. To protect a group of modules with a single fuse,
the rating can be increased from the recommended value above.
EMC requirements must be met at the end-product system level, as no specific standards dedicated to EMC characteristics
of board mounted component dc-dc converters exist. However, Bel Power Solutions tests its converters to several system
level standards, primary of which is the more stringent EN55022, Information technology equipment - Radio disturbance
characteristics-Limits and methods of measurement.
An effective internal LC differential filter significantly reduces input reflected ripple current, and improves EMC.
With the addition of a simple external filter, all versions of the QmaX™ Series of converters pass the requirements of Class
B conducted emissions per EN55022 and FCC requirements. Please contact Bel Power Solutions Applications Engineering
for details of this testing.
Figure E. Location of the thermocouple for thermal testing.
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Scenario #1: Initial Startup From Bulk Supply
ON/OFF function enabled, converter started via application of
VIN. See Figure F.
Comments
ON/OFF pin is ON; system front end power is
toggled on, VIN to converter begins to rise.
t1
VIN crosses Undervoltage Lockout protection circuit
threshold; converter enabled.
t2
Converter begins to respond to turn-on command
(converter turn-on delay).
t3
Converter VOUT reaches 100% of nominal value.
For this example, the total converter startup time (t3- t1) is
typically 4 ms.
VIN
Time
t0
ON/OFF
STATE
OFF
ON
VOUT
t0
t1 t2
t
t3
Figure F. Startup scenario #1.
Scenario #2: Initial Startup Using ON/OFF Pin
With VIN previously powered, converter started via ON/OFF pin.
See Figure G.
Time
t0
t1
t2
t3
Comments
VINPUT at nominal value.
Arbitrary time when ON/OFF pin is enabled
(converter enabled).
End of converter turn-on delay.
Converter VOUT reaches 100% of nominal value.
For this example, the total converter startup time (t3 - t1) is
typically 4 ms.
VIN
ON/OFF
STATE OFF
ON
VOUT
t0
t1 t2
t
t3
Figure G. Startup scenario #2.
Scenario #3: Turn-off and Restart Using ON/OFF Pin
With VIN previously powered, converter is disabled and then
enabled via ON/OFF pin. See Figure H.
Time
t0
t1
Comments
VIN and VOUT are at nominal values; ON/OFF pin ON.
ON/OFF pin arbitrarily disabled; converter output falls
to zero; turn-on inhibit delay period (100 ms typical) is
initiated, and ON/OFF pin action is internally inhibited.
t2
ON/OFF pin is externally re-enabled.
If (t2 - t1) ≤ 100 ms, external action of ON/OFF
pin is locked out by startup inhibit timer.
If (t2 - t1) > 100 ms, ON/OFF pin action is
internally enabled.
t3
Turn-on inhibit delay period ends. If ON/OFF pin is
ON, converter begins turn-on; if off, converter awaits
ON/OFF pin ON signal; see Figure G.
t4
End of converter turn-on delay.
t5
Converter VOUT reaches 100% of nominal value.
For the condition (t2 - t1) ≤ 100 ms, the total converter startup
time (t5-t2) is typically 104 ms. For (t2-t1) > 100 ms, startup will
be typically 4 ms after release of ON/OFF pin.
VIN
100 ms
ON/OFF
STATE OFF
ON
VOUT
t0
t1
t2
t3 t4
t5
t
Figure H. Startup scenario #3.
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The converter has been characterized for many operational aspects, to include thermal derating (maximum load current as
a function of ambient temperature and airflow) for vertical and horizontal mountings, efficiency, startup and shutdown
parameters, output ripple and noise, transient response to load step-change, overload, and short circuit.
The figures are numbered as Fig. x.y, where x indicates the different output voltages, and y associates with specific plots (y
= 1 for the vertical thermal derating, …). For example, Fig. x.1 will refer to the vertical thermal derating for all the output
voltages in general.
The following pages contain specific plots or waveforms associated with the converter. Additional comments for specific
data are provided below.
All data presented were taken with the converter soldered to a test board, specifically a 0.060” thick printed wiring board
(PWB) with four layers. The top and bottom layers were not metalized. The two inner layers, comprised of two-ounce copper,
were used to provide traces for connectivity to the converter.
The lack of metalization on the outer layers as well as the limited thermal connection ensured that heat transfer from the
converter to the PWB was minimized. This provides a worst-case but consistent scenario for thermal derating purposes.
All measurements requiring airflow were made in the vertical and horizontal wind tunnel using Infrared (IR) thermography
and thermocouples for thermometry.
Ensuring components on the converter do not exceed their ratings is important to maintaining high reliability. If one
anticipates operating the converter at or close to the maximum loads specified in the derating curves, it is prudent to check
actual operating temperatures in the application. Thermographic imaging is preferable; if this capability is not available, then
thermocouples may be used. The use of AWG #40 gauge thermocouples is recommended to ensure measurement accuracy.
Careful routing of the thermocouple leads will further minimize measurement error. Refer to Fig. E for the optimum measuring
thermocouple location.
Load current vs. ambient temperature and airflow rates are given in Fig. x.1 and Fig x.2 for vertical and horizontal converter
mountings. Ambient temperature was varied between 25 °C and 85 °C, with airflow rates from 30 to 500 LFM (0.15 to 2.5
m/s).
For each set of conditions, the maximum load current was defined as the lowest of:
(i)
The output current at which any FET junction temperature does not exceed a maximum specified temperature (120°C)
as indicated by the thermographic image, or
(ii) The nominal rating of the converter (45 A on 3.3 -1.0 V).
During normal operation, derating curves with maximum FET temperature less or equal to 120 °C should not be exceeded.
Temperature on the PCB at thermocouple location shown in Fig. E should not exceed 118 °C in order to operate inside the
derating curves.
Fig. x.3 shows the efficiency vs. load current plot for ambient temperature of 25 ºC, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) with
vertical mounting and input voltages of 36 V, 48 V and 72 V. Also, a plot of efficiency vs. load current, as a function of
ambient temperature with Vin = 48 V, airflow rate of 200 LFM (1 m/s) with vertical mounting is shown in Fig. x.4.
Fig. x.5 shows the power dissipation vs. load current plot for Ta = 25ºC, airflow rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) with vertical
mounting and input voltages of 36 V,
48 V and 72 V. Also, a plot of power dissipation vs. load current, as a function of ambient temperature with Vin = 48 V,
airflow rate of 200 LFM (1 m/s) with vertical mounting is shown in Fig. x.6.
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Output voltage waveforms, during the turn-on transient using the ON/OFF pin for full rated load currents (resistive load) are
shown without and with external load capacitance in Fig. x.7 and Fig. x.8, respectively.
Fig. x.10 shows the output voltage ripple waveform, measured at full rated load current with a 10 µF tantalum and 1 µF
ceramic capacitor across the output. Note that all output voltage waveforms are measured across a 1 µF ceramic capacitor.
The input reflected ripple current waveforms are obtained using the test setup shown in Fig x.11. The corresponding
waveforms are shown in Fig. x.12 and Fig. x.13.
tech.support@psbel.com
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Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 3.3 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
4.8
ADC
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 3.3 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
85
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
Output Regulation
3.300
3.333
VDC
Over Line
3.267
±2
±5
mV
Over Load
±2
±5
mV
3.350
VDC
50
mVPK-PK
40,000
µF
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple and Noise –
25 MHz bandwidth
3.250
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
30
Output Current Range
0
45
ADC
53
58
ADC
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ
55
65
A
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
Peak Short-Circuit Current
RMS Short-Circuit Current
47.25
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/μs Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
100
µs
100% Load
90.5
%
50% Load
92.5
%
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
Efficiency
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 3.3V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45033 converter with B height pins mounted
vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1, and MOSFET
temperature 120 C.
Note: NC – Natural convection
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 3.3V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature
and airflow rates for QM48T45033 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to
pin 1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
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0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
0.85
0.80
0.75
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.75
0.80
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.70
0.70
0.65
0.65
0
0
10
20
30
40
10
20
30
40
50
50
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 3.3V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for converter
mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 300
LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 3.3V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature
for converter mounted vertically with
Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200
LFM (1.0 m/s).
20.00
20.00
16.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
16.00
12.00
8.00
72 V
48 V
36 V
4.00
12.00
8.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
4.00
0.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 3.3V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a
rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 3.3V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V
and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM
(1.0 m/s).
Fig. 3.3V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive) with
no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top
trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.)
Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 3.3V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
plus 40,000 µF at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top
trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1
V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div.
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Fig. 3.3V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew rate:
1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale: 0.2 ms/div.
iS
Fig. 3.3V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
iC
10 H
source
inductance
V source
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 3.3V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
Fig. 3.3V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div), measured
through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current and Vin = 48 V.
Refer to Fig. 3.3V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
Fig. 3.3V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin =
48 V. Refer to Fig. 3.3V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
4.0
Vout [Vdc]
3.0
2.0
1.0
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 3.3V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 3.3V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, (20 ms/div) into a
10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace
(20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the
top trace.
tech.support@psbel.com
13
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 2.5 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
3.6
ADC
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 2.5 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output)
Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
67
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
Output Regulation
2.500
2.525
VDC
Over Line
2.475
±2
±5
mV
Over Load
±2
±5
mV
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple & Noise - 25 MHz bandwidth
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
2.462
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
2.538
VDC
50
mVPK-PK
40,000
µF
45
ADC
30
Output Current Range
0
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
53
58
ADC
Peak Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ.
47.25
55
65
A
RMS Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/μs Co = 470 μF tantalum + 1 μF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
100
µs
100% Load
89.0
%
50% Load
91.0
%
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
Efficiency
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 2.5V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45025 converter with B height pins
mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1,
and MOSFET temp. 120C. Note: NC – Natural convection
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 2.5V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45025 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
tech.support@psbel.com
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
14
0.80
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.75
0.80
0.75
0.70
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.70
0.65
0.65
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
Load Current [Adc]
30
40
50
Fig. 2.5V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with
Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200
LFM (1.0 m/s).
Fig. 2.5V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
20.00
20.00
16.00
16.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
20
Load Current [Adc]
12.00
8.00
72 V
48 V
36 V
4.00
12.00
8.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
4.00
0.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 2.5V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 2.5V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 2.5V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 2.5V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
tech.support@psbel.com
15
Fig. 2.5V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew
rate: 1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale: 0.2
ms/div.
iS
10 H
source
inductance
V source
Fig. 2.5V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale:1 µs/div.
iC
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 2.5V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
Fig. 2.5V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div),
measured through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current
and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.5V.11 for test setup.
Time scale: 1 µs/div.
Fig. 2.5V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48
V. Refer to Fig. 2.5V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
tech.support@psbel.com
16
3.0
2.5
Vout [Vdc]
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 2.5V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 2.5V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div,
20 ms/div) into a 10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V.
Bottom trace (20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time
portion of the top trace.
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 2.0 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.9
ADC
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 2.0 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
55
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
Output Regulation
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
2.000
2.02
VDC
Over Line
±2
±5
mV
Over Load
±2
±5
mV
2.03
VDC
50
mVPK-PK
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple & Noise - 25 MHz bandwidth
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
Output Current Range
1.98
1.97
30
40,000
µF
45
ADC
53
58
ADC
0
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
47.25
Peak Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ
55
65
A
RMS Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/μs Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
100
µs
100% Load
88.0
%
50% Load
90.0
%
Efficiency
tech.support@psbel.com
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
17
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
20
30
40
Ambient Temperature [°C]
60
70
80
90
Fig. 2.0V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature
and airflow rates for QM48T45020 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
Fig. 2.0V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45020 converter with B height pins
mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1,
and MOSFET temperat. 120 C. Note: NC – Natural convection
0.80
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.75
0.80
0.75
0.70
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.70
0.65
0.65
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
Load Current [Adc]
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 2.0V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 2.0V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
20.00
20.00
16.00
16.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
50
Ambient Temperature [°C]
12.00
8.00
72 V
48 V
36 V
4.00
12.00
8.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
4.00
0.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 2.0V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 2.0V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and
air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
tech.support@psbel.com
18
Fig. 2.0V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 2.0V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew
rate: 1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.2 ms/div.
iS
10 H
source
inductance
V source
Fig. 2.0V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
plus 40,000 F at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output
voltage (1 V/div.). Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 2.0V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
iC
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 2.0V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
tech.support@psbel.com
19
Fig. 2.0V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div),
measured through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current
and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.0V.11 for test setup.
Time scale: 1 µs/div.
Fig. 2.0V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin =
48 V. Refer to Fig. 2.0V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
3.0
2.5
Vout [Vdc]
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 2.0V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 2.0V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into
a 10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace
(20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of
the top trace.
tech.support@psbel.com
20
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 1.8 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
2.7
ADC
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 1.8 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
50
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
Output Regulation
1.800
1.818
VDC
Over Line
1.782
±2
±4
mV
Over Load
±2
±5
mV
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple & Noise - 25 MHz bandwidth
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
1.773
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
1.827
VDC
50
mVPK-PK
40,000
µF
45
ADC
30
Output Current Range
0
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
53
58
ADC
Peak Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ
47.25
55
65
A
RMS Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/µs Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
150
µs
100% Load
87.0
%
50% Load
89.5
%
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
Efficiency
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 1.8V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45018 converter with B height pins
mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1,
and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
Note: NC – Natural convection
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 1.8V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature
and airflow rates for QM48T45018 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
tech.support@psbel.com
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
21
0.80
0.75
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.80
0.75
0.70
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.70
0.65
0.65
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.8V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
30
40
50
Fig. 1.8V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature
for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing
from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
15.00
15.00
12.00
12.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
20
Load Current [Adc]
9.00
6.00
72 V
48 V
36 V
3.00
9.00
6.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
3.00
0.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.8V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 1.8V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and
air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
Fig. 1.8V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.8V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
plus 40,000 µF at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace:
ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
Time scale: 2 ms/div.
tech.support@psbel.com
22
Fig. 1.8V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew
rate: 1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.2 ms/div.
iS
10 H
source
inductance
V source
Fig. 1.8V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale:1 µs/div.
iC
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 1.8V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
Fig. 1.8V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div),
measured through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current
and Vin = 48 V. Refer to
Fig. 1.8V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
Fig. 1.8V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48
V. Refer to Fig. 1.8V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
tech.support@psbel.com
23
3.0
2.5
Vout [Vdc]
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 1.8V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 1.8V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a
10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace
(20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the
top trace
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 1.5 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 1.5 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
2.3
ADC
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
42
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
Output Regulation
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
1.500
1.515
VDC
Over Line
±2
±4
mV
Over Load
±2
±4
mV
1.523
VDC
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple & Noise - 25 MHz bandwidth
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
Output Current Range
1.485
1.477
30
50
mVPK-PK
40,000
µF
45
ADC
53
58
ADC
0
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
47.25
Peak Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ
55
65
A
RMS Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/µs Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
150
µs
100% Load
85.5
%
50% Load
88.0
%
Efficiency
tech.support@psbel.com
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
24
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
20
30
40
Ambient Temperature [°C]
60
70
80
90
Fig. 1.5V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature
and airflow rates for QM48T45015 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
0.95
0.95
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
Efficiency
Efficiency
Fig. 1.5V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45015 converter with B height pins
mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1,
and MOSFET temperature 120 C. Note: NC – Natural
convection
0.80
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.75
0.80
0.75
0.70
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.70
0.65
0.65
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
Load Current [Adc]
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.5V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 1.5V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature
for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing
from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
15.00
15.00
12.00
12.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
50
Ambient Temperature [°C]
9.00
6.00
72 V
48 V
36 V
3.00
9.00
6.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
3.00
0.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.5V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.5V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and
air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
tech.support@psbel.com
25
Fig. 1.5V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.5V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
plus 40,000 µF at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace:
ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.5V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew
rate: 1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.5V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale:1 µs/div.
iS
10 H
source
inductance
V source
iC
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 1.5V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
tech.support@psbel.com
26
Fig. 1.5V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div),
measured through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current
and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.5V.11 for test setup.
Time scale: 1 µs/div.
Fig. 1.5V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48
V. Refer to Fig. 1.5V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
2.0
Vout [Vdc]
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 1.5V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 1.5V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a
10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace (20
A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the top
trace.
tech.support@psbel.com
27
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 1.2 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1.9
ADC
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 1.2 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
37
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
Output Regulation
1.200
1.212
VDC
Over Line
1.188
±1
±3
mV
Over Load
±1
±3
mV
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple & Noise - 25 MHz bandwidth
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
1.182
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
1.218
VDC
50
mVPK-PK
40,000
µF
45
ADC
30
Output Current Range
0
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
53
58
ADC
Peak Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ
47.25
55
65
A
RMS Short-Circuit Current
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/µs Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
150
µs
100% Load
83.0
%
50% Load
86.5
%
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
Efficiency
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 1.2V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45012 converter with B height pins
mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1,
and MOSFET temperat. 120 C. Note: NC – Natural convection
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Ambient Temperature [°C]
Fig. 1.2V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature
and airflow rates for QM48T45012 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
tech.support@psbel.com
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
0.80
0.80
Efficiency
Efficiency
28
0.75
0.70
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.70
0.75
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.65
0.65
0.60
0.60
0
10
20
30
40
0
50
10
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.2V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 1.2V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature
for converter mounted vertically with
Vin = 48 V and air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM
(1.0 m/s).
15.00
15.00
12.00
12.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
20
9.00
6.00
72 V
48 V
36 V
3.00
9.00
6.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
3.00
0.00
0.00
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.2V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C
Fig. 1.2V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and
air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
Fig. 1.2V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1 V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.2V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
plus 40,000 µF at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace:
ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
Time scale: 2 ms/div.
tech.support@psbel.com
29
Fig. 1.2V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew
rate: 1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.2 ms/div.
iS
iC
10 H
source
inductance
V source
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
Fig. 1.2V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 1.2V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
Fig. 1.2V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div),
measured through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current
and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.2V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1
µs/div.
Fig. 1.2V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and Vin = 48
V. Refer to Fig. 1.2V.11 for test setup. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
tech.support@psbel.com
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1.5
Vout [Vdc]
1.0
0.5
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 1.2V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 1.2V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a
10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace
(20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the
top trace.
Conditions: TA = 25 ºC, Airflow = 300 LFM (1.5 m/s), Vin = 48 VDC, Vout = 1.0 VDC, unless otherwise specified.
PARAMETER
CONDITIONS / DESCRIPTION
MIN
TYP
MAX
UNITS
1.6
ADC
Input Characteristics
Maximum Input Current
45 ADC, 1.0 VDC Out @ 36 VDC In
Input Stand-by Current
Vin = 48 V, converter disabled
3
mADC
Input No Load Current (0 load on the output) Vin = 48 V, converter enabled
35
mADC
Input Reflected-Ripple Current
25 MHz bandwidth
7.5
mAPK-PK
Input Voltage Ripple Rejection
120 Hz
TBD
dB
Output Characteristics
Output Voltage Set Point (no load)
-40 ºC to 85 ºC
0.990
1.000
1.010
VDC
Over Line
±1
±3
mV
Over Load
±1
±3
mV
Output Regulation
Output Voltage Range
Over line, load and temperature
Output Ripple & Noise – 25 MHz bandwidth
Full load + 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
External Load Capacitance
Plus full load (resistive)
Output Current Range
0.985
30
0
1.015
VDC
50
mVPK-PK
40,000
µF
45
ADC
53
58
ADC
Non-latching, Short = 10 mΩ.
55
65
A
Non-latching
12
18
Arms
Current Limit Inception
Non-latching
Peak Short-Circuit Current
RMS Short-Circuit Current
47.25
Dynamic Response
Load Change 25% of Iout Max, di/dt = 1A/µs Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic
160
mV
Settling Time to 1%
150
µs
100% Load
80.5
%
50% Load
84.5
%
Efficiency
tech.support@psbel.com
50
50
40
40
Load Current [Adc]
Load Current [Adc]
31
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
30
500 LFM (2.5 m/s)
400 LFM (2.0 m/s)
300 LFM (1.5 m/s)
200 LFM (1.0 m/s)
100 LFM (0.5 m/s)
NC - 30 LFM (0.15 m/s)
20
10
0
0
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
20
30
40
Ambient Temperature [°C]
60
70
80
90
Fig. 1.0V.2: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature
and airflow rates for QM48T45010 converter with B height pins
mounted horizontally with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin
1, and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
0.90
0.90
0.85
0.85
0.80
0.80
Efficiency
Efficiency
Fig. 1.0V.1: Available load current vs. ambient air temperature and
airflow rates for QM48T45010 converter with B height pins
mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V, air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1,
and MOSFET temperature 120 C.
Note: NC – Natural convection
0.75
72 V
48 V
36 V
0.70
0.75
0.70
0.65
70 C
55 C
40 C
0.65
0.60
0.60
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
Load Current [Adc]
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.0V.3: Efficiency vs. load current and input voltage for
converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at
a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
Fig. 1.0V.4: Efficiency vs. load current and ambient temperature
for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and air flowing
from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
15
15.00
12
12.00
Power Dissipation [W]
Power Dissipation [W]
50
Ambient Temperature [°C]
9
6
72 V
48 V
36 V
3
9.00
6.00
70 C
55 C
40 C
3.00
0.00
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.0V.5: Power dissipation vs. load current and input voltage
for converter mounted vertically with air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1
at a rate of 300 LFM (1.5 m/s) and Ta = 25 C.
0
10
20
30
40
50
Load Current [Adc]
Fig. 1.0V.6: Power dissipation vs. load current and ambient
temperature for converter mounted vertically with Vin = 48 V and
air flowing from pin 3 to pin 1 at a rate of 200 LFM (1.0 m/s).
tech.support@psbel.com
32
Fig. 1.0V.7: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
with no output capacitor at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin.
Top trace: ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage
(1V/div.) Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.0V.8: Turn-on transient at full rated load current (resistive)
plus 40,000 µF at Vin = 48 V, triggered via ON/OFF pin. Top trace:
ON/OFF signal (5 V/div.). Bottom trace: output voltage (1 V/div.).
Time scale: 2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.0V.9: Output voltage response to load current step-change
(22.5 A – 33.75 A – 22.5 A) at Vin = 48 V. Top trace: output voltage
(100 mV/div.). Bottom trace: load current (10 A/div). Current slew
rate: 1 A/µs. Co = 470 µF tantalum + 1 µF ceramic. Time scale:
0.2 ms/div.
Fig. 1.0V.10: Output voltage ripple (20 mV/div.) at full rated load
current into a resistive load with Co = 10 µF tantalum + 1 µF
ceramic and Vin = 48 V. Time scale: 1 µs/div.
iS
10 H
source
inductance
V source
iC
33 F
ESR < 1
electrolytic
capacitor
QmaX
TM
Series
DC-DC
Converter
1 F
ceramic
Vout
capacitor
Fig. 1.0V.11: Test Setup for measuring input reflected ripple currents, ic and is.
tech.support@psbel.com
33
Fig. 1.0V.12: Input reflected ripple current, is (10 mA/div),
measured through 10 µH at the source at full rated load current
and Vin = 48 V. Refer to Fig. 1.0V.11 for test setup.
Time scale: 1 µs/div.
Fig. 1.0V.13: Input reflected ripple current, ic (100 mA/div),
measured at input terminals at full rated load current and
Vin = 48V. Refer to Fig. 1.0V.11 for test setup.
Time scale: 1 µs/div.
1.5
Vout [Vdc]
1.0
0.5
0
0
15
30
45
60
Iout [Adc]
Fig. 1.0V.14: Output voltage vs. load current showing current limit
point and converter shutdown point. Input voltage has almost no
effect on current limit characteristic.
Fig. 1.0V.15: Load current (top trace, 20 A/div, 20 ms/div) into a
10 mΩ short circuit during restart, at Vin = 48 V. Bottom trace
(20 A/div, 1 ms/div) is an expansion of the on-time portion of the
top trace.
tech.support@psbel.com
34
8
1
7
TOP VIEW
2
6
5
3
4
SIDE VIEW
QM48T Pinout (Through-Hole)
A
HT
(Max. Height)
+0.000 [+0.00]
-0.038 [- 0.97]
0.325 [8.26]
CL
(Min. Clearance)
+0.016 [+0.41]
-0.000 [- 0.00]
0.030 [0.77]
B
0.358 [9.09]
0.063 [1.60]
D
0.422 [10.72]
0.127 [3.23]
Height
Option
SQE48T Platform Notes
•
All dimensions are in inches [mm]
•
Pins 1-3 and 5-7 are Ø 0.040” [1.02]
•
with Ø 0.078” [1.98] shoulder
•
Pins 4 and 8 are Ø 0.062” [1.57] without
shoulder
•
Pin Material: Brass
•
Pin Finish: Tin/Lead over Nickel or
Matte Tin over Nickel for “G” version
•
Converter Weight: 1.1 oz [31.5 g] typical
Pin
Option
PAD/PIN CONNECTIONS
Pad/Pin #
Function
1
Vin (+)
2
ON/OFF
3
Vin (-)
4
Vout (-)
PL
Pin Length
5
SENSE(-)
±0.005 [±0.13]
6
TRIM
A
0.188 [4.77]
7
SENSE(+)
B
0.145 [3.68]
C
0.110 [2.79]
8
Vout (+)
tech.support@psbel.com
35
Product
Series
Input
Voltage
Mounting
Scheme
Rated
Load
Current
Output
Voltage
QM
48
T
45
033
45 ADC
010 1.0 V
012 1.2 V
015 1.5 V
018 1.8 V
020 2.0 V
025 2.5 V
033 3.3 V
QuarterBrick
Format
36-75 V
T
Throughhole
-
ON/OFF
Logic
Maximum
Height
[HT]
Pin
Length [PL]
Special
Features
N
B
A
0
N
Negative
Through
hole
P
Positive
A 0.325”
B 0.358”
D 0.422”
Through hole
A 0.188”
B 0.145”
C 0.110”
0 STD
Environmental
No Suffix
RoHS
lead-solderexemption
compliant
G RoHS
compliant for
all six
substances
The example above describes P/N QM48T45033-NBA0: 36-75 V input, through-hole mounting, 45 A @ 3.3 V output, negative ON/OFF logic,
a maximum height of 0.358”, a through the board pin length of 0.188”, and Eutectic Tin/Lead solder. Please consult factory for the complete
list of available options.
Oooooo Models highlighted in yellow or shaded are not recommended for new designs.
NUCLEAR AND MEDICAL APPLICATIONS - Products are not designed or intended for use as critical components in life support systems,
equipment used in hazardous environments, or nuclear control systems.
TECHNICAL REVISIONS - The appearance of products, including safety agency certifications pictured on labels, may change depending on
the date manufactured. Specifications are subject to change without notice.
tech.support@psbel.com
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