FM24C64B-GTR

Preliminary FM24C64B 64Kb Serial 5V F-RAM Memory Features 64K bit Ferroelectric Nonvolatile RAM • Organized as 8,192 x 8 bits • High Endurance 1 Trillion (1012) Read/Writes • 38 Year Data Retention • NoDelay™ Writes • Advanced High-Reliability Ferroelectric Process Fast Two-wire Serial Interface • Up to 1 MHz maximum bus frequency • Direct hardware replacement for EEPROM • Supports legacy timing for 100 kHz & 400 kHz Low Power Operation • 5V operation • 100 µA Active Current (100 kHz) • 4 µA (typ.) Standby Current Industry Standard Configuration • Industrial Temperature -40° C to +85° C • 8-pin “Green”/RoHS SOIC (-G) Description The FM24C64B is a 64-kilobit nonvolatile memory employing an advanced ferroelectric process. A ferroelectric random access memory or FRAM is nonvolatile and performs reads and writes like a RAM. It provides reliable data retention for 38 years while eliminating the complexities, overhead, and system level reliability problems caused by EEPROM and other nonvolatile memories. The FM24C64B performs write operations at bus speed. No write delays are incurred. Data is written to the memory array in the cycle after it has been successfully transferred to the device. The next bus cycle may commence immediately without the need for data polling. The FM24C64B is capable of supporting 1012 read/write cycles, or a million times more write cycles than EEPROM. These capabilities make the FM24C64B ideal for nonvolatile memory applications requiring frequent or rapid writes. Examples range from data collection where the number of write cycles may be critical, to demanding industrial controls where the long write time of EEPROM can cause data loss. The combination of features allows more frequent data writes with less overhead for the system. The FM24C64B provides substantial benefits to users of serial EEPROM, yet these benefits are available in a hardware drop-in replacement. The FM24C64B is available in an industry standard 8-pin SOIC package and uses a familiar two-wire protocol. The specifications are guaranteed over an industrial temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. Pin Configuration A0 A1 A2 VSS 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 VDD WP SCL SDA Pin Names A0-A2 SDA SCL WP VSS VDD Function Device Select Address Serial Data/address Serial Clock Write Protect Ground Supply Voltage Ordering Information FM24C64B-G FM24C64B-GTR “Green”/RoHS 8-pin SOIC “Green”/RoHS 8-pin SOIC, Tape & Reel This is a product that has fixed target specifications but are subject to change pending characterization results. Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 Ramtron International Corporation 1850 Ramtron Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 (800) 545-FRAM, (719) 481-7000 www.ramtron.com Page 1 of 12 FM24C64B Counter Address Latch 1,024 x 64 FRAM Array 8 SDA Serial to Parallel Converter Data Latch SCL WP A0-A2 Control Logic Figure 1. FM24C64B Block Diagram Pin Description Pin Name A0-A2 I/O Input Pin Description Address 2-0: These pins are used to select one of up to 8 devices of the same type on the same two-wire bus. To select the device, the address value on the three pins must match the corresponding bits contained in the device address. The address pins are pulled down internally. Serial Data Address: This is a bi-directional pin used to shift serial data and addresses for the two-wire interface. It employs an open-drain output and is intended to be wireOR’d with other devices on the two-wire bus. The input buffer incorporates a Schmitt trigger for noise immunity and the output driver includes slope control for falling edges. A pull-up resistor is required. Serial Clock: The serial clock input for the two-wire interface. Data is clocked out of the device on the SCL falling edge, and clocked in on the SCL rising edge. The SCL input also incorporates a Schmitt trigger input for improved noise immunity. Write Protect: When WP is high, addresses in the upper quadrant of the logical memory map will be write-protected. Write access is permitted to the lower threequarters of the address space. When WP is low, all addresses may be written. This pin is pulled down internally. Supply Voltage: 5V Ground SDA I/O SCL WP Input Input VDD VSS Supply Supply Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 2 of 12 FM24C64B Overview The FM24C64B is a serial FRAM memory. The memory array is logically organized as a 8,192 x 8 bit memory array and is accessed using an industry standard two-wire interface. Functional operation of the FRAM is similar to serial EEPROMs. The major difference between the FM24C64B and a serial EEPROM with the same pinout relates to its superior write performance. Two-wire Interface The FM24C64B employs a bi-directional two-wire bus protocol using few pins and little board space. Figure 2 illustrates a typical system configuration using the FM24C64B in a microcontroller-based system. The industry standard two-wire bus is familiar to many users but is described in this section. By convention, any device that is sending data onto the bus is the transmitter while the target device for this data is the receiver. The device that is controlling the bus is the master. The master is responsible for generating the clock signal for all operations. Any device on the bus that is being controlled is a slave. The FM24C64B always is a slave device. The bus protocol is controlled by transition states in the SDA and SCL signals. There are four conditions: Start, Stop, Data bit, and Acknowledge. Figure 3 illustrates the signal conditions that specify the four states. Detailed timing diagrams are shown in the Electrical Specifications section. Memory Architecture When accessing the FM24C64B, the user addresses 8,192 locations each with 8 data bits. These data bits are shifted serially. The 8,192 addresses are accessed using the two-wire protocol, which includes a slave address (to distinguish from other non-memory devices), and an extended 16-bit address. Only the lower 13 bits are used by the decoder for accessing the memory. The upper three address bits should be set to 0 for compatibility with larger devices in the future. The memory is read or written at the speed of the two-wire bus. Unlike an EEPROM, it is not necessary to poll the device for a ready condition since writes occur at bus speed. That is, by the time a new bus transaction can be shifted into the part, a write operation is complete. This is explained in more detail in the interface section below. Users can expect several obvious system benefits from the FM24C64B due to its fast write cycle and high endurance as compared with EEPROM. However there are less obvious benefits as well. For example in a high noise environment, the fast-write operation is less susceptible to corruption than an EEPROM since it is completed quickly. By contrast, an EEPROM requiring milliseconds to write is vulnerable to noise during much of the cycle. Note that the FM24C64B contains no power management circuits other than a simple internal power-on reset. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure that VDD is within datasheet tolerances to prevent incorrect operation. VDD Rmin = 1.8 Kohm Rmax = tR/Cbus Microcontroller SDA SCL SDA SCL FM24C64B A0 A1 A2 FM24C64B A0 A1 A2 Figure 2. Typical System Configuration Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 3 of 12 FM24C64B Figure 3. Data Transfer Protocol Stop Condition A Stop condition is indicated when the bus master drives SDA from low to high while the SCL signal is high. All operations must end with a Stop condition. If an operation is pending when a stop is asserted, the operation will be aborted. The master must have control of SDA (not a memory read) in order to assert a Stop condition. Start Condition A Start condition is indicated when the bus master drives SDA from high to low while the SCL signal is high. All read and write transactions begin with a Start condition. An operation in progress can be aborted by asserting a Start condition at any time. Aborting an operation using the Start condition will ready the FM24C64B for a new operation. If during operation the power supply drops below the specified VDD minimum, the system should issue a Start condition prior to performing another operation Data/Address Transfer All data transfers (including addresses) take place while the SCL signal is high. Except under the two conditions described above, the SDA signal should not change while SCL is high. Acknowledge The Acknowledge takes place after the 8th data bit has been transferred in any transaction. During this state the transmitter should release the SDA bus to allow the receiver to drive it. The receiver drives the SDA signal low to acknowledge receipt of the byte. If the receiver does not drive SDA low, the condition is a No-Acknowledge and the operation is aborted. The receiver could fail to acknowledge for two distinct reasons. First, if a byte transfer fails, the NoAcknowledge ends the current operation so that the device can be addressed again. This allows the last byte to be recovered in the event of a communication error. Second and most common, the receiver does not acknowledge the data to deliberately end an operation. For example, during a read operation, the FM24C64B will continue to place data onto the bus as long as the receiver sends acknowledges (and clocks). When a read operation is complete and no more data is needed, the receiver must not acknowledge the last byte. If the receiver acknowledges the last byte, this will cause the FM24C64B to attempt to drive the bus on the next clock while the master is sending a new command such as a Stop command. Slave Address The first byte that the FM24C64B expects after a start condition is the slave address. As shown in Figure 4, the slave address contains the Slave ID (device type), the device select address bits, and a bit that specifies if the transaction is a read or a write. Bits 7-4 define the device type and must be set to 1010b for the FM24C64B. These bits allow other types of function types to reside on the 2-wire bus within an identical address range. Bits 3-1 are the select bits which are equivalent to chip select bits. They must match the corresponding value on the external address pins to select the device. Up to eight FM24C64Bs can reside on the same two-wire bus by assigning a different address to each. Bit 0 is the read/write bit. A 1 indicates a read operation, and a 0 indicates a write. Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 4 of 12 FM24C64B Device Select Memory Operation The FM24C64B is designed to operate in a manner very similar to other 2-wire interface memory products. The major differences result from the higher performance write capability of FRAM technology. These improvements result in some differences between the FM24C64B and a similar configuration EEPROM during writes. The complete operation for both writes and reads is explained below. Write Operation All writes begin with a device address, then a memory address. The bus master indicates a write operation by setting the LSB of the device address to a 0. After addressing, the bus master sends each byte of data to the memory and the memory generates an acknowledge condition. Any number of sequential bytes may be written. If the end of the address range is reached internally, the address counter will wrap from 1FFFh to 0000h. Unlike other nonvolatile memory technologies, there is no write delay with FRAM. The entire memory cycle occurs in less time than a single bus clock. Therefore, any operation including a read or write can occur immediately following a write. Acknowledge polling, a technique used with EEPROMs to determine if a write is complete is unnecessary and will always return a ready condition. Internally, the actual memory write occurs after the 8th data bit is transferred. It will be complete before the Acknowledge is sent. Therefore, if the user desires to abort a write without altering the memory contents, this should be done using a Start or Stop condition prior to the 8th data bit. The FM24C64B uses no page buffering. Portions of the memory array can be write protected using the WP pin. Pulling the WP pin high (VDD) will write-protect addresses in the upper quadrant from 1800h to 1FFFh. The FM24C64B will not acknowledge data bytes that are written to protected addresses. In addition, the address counter will not increment if writes are attempted to these addresses. Pulling WP low (VSS) will deactivate this feature. WP should not be left floating. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate both a single-byte and multiple-byte write cases. Slave ID 1 7 0 6 1 5 0 4 A2 3 A1 2 A0 R/W 1 0 Figure 4. Slave Address Addressing Overview After the FM24C64B (as receiver) acknowledges the device address, the master can place the memory address on the bus for a write operation. The address requires two bytes. The first is the MSB (upper byte). Since the device uses only 13 address bits, the value of the upper three bits are don’t care. Following the MSB is the LSB (lower byte) with the remaining eight address bits. The address value is latched internally. Each access causes the latched address value to be incremented automatically. The current address is the value that is held in the latch, either a newly written value or the address following the last access. The current address will be held as long as power remains or until a new value is written. Reads always use the current address. A random read address can be loaded by beginning a write operation as explained below. After transmission of each data byte and just prior to the acknowledge, the FM24C64B increments the internal address latch. This allows the next sequential byte to be accessed with no additional addressing externally. After the last address (1FFFh) is reached, the address latch will roll over to 0000h. There is no limit to the number of bytes that can be accessed with a single read or write operation. Data Transfer After the address information has been transmitted, data transfer between the bus master and the FM24C64B can begin. For a read operation, the FM24C64B will place 8 data bits on the bus then wait for an Acknowledge from the master. If the Acknowledge occurs, the FM24C64B will transfer the next sequential byte. If the Acknowledge is not sent, the FM24C64B will end the read operation. For a write operation, the FM24C64B will accept 8 data bits from the master and then send an Acknowledge. All data transfer occurs MSB (most significant bit) first. Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 5 of 12 FM24C64B Start Address & Data Stop By Master S Slave Address 0A Address MSB A Address LSB A Data Byte A P By FM24C64B Acknowledge Figure 5. Byte Write Start By Master S By FM24C64B Slave Address 0A Address & Data Stop Address MSB A Address LSB A Data Byte A Data Byte A P Acknowledge Figure 6. Multiple-Byte Write There are four ways to properly terminate a read operation. Failing to properly terminate the read will likely create a bus contention as the FM24C64B attempts to read out additional data onto the bus. The four valid methods are: 1. The bus master issues a no-acknowledge in the 9th clock cycle and a stop in the 10th clock cycle. This is illustrated in Figures 7-9. This is the preferred method. The bus master issues a no-acknowledge in the 9th clock cycle and a start in the 10th. The bus master issues a stop in the 9th clock cycle. The bus master issues a start in the 9th clock cycle. Read Operation There are two basic types of read operations. They are current address read and selective address read. In a current address read, the FM24C64B uses the internal address latch to supply the address. In a selective read, the user performs a procedure to set the address to a specific value. Current Address & Sequential Read The FM24C64B uses an internal latch to supply the address for a read operation. A current address read uses the existing value in the address latch as a starting place for the read operation. The system reads from the address immediately following that of the last operation. To perform a current address read, the bus master supplies a device address with the LSB set to 1. This indicates that a read operation is requested. After receiving the complete device address, the FM24C64B will begin shifting out data from the current address on the next clock. The current address is the value held in the internal address latch. Beginning with the current address, the bus master can read any number of bytes. Thus, a sequential read is simply a current address read with multiple byte transfers. After each byte the internal address counter will be incremented. Each time the bus master acknowledges a byte, this indicates that the FM24C64B should read out the next sequential byte. 2. 3. 4. If the internal address reaches 1FFFh, it will wrap around to 0000h on the next read cycle. Figures 7 and 8 show the proper operation for current address reads. Selective (Random) Read There is a simple technique that allows a user to select a random address location as the starting point for a read operation. This involves using the first three bytes of a write operation to set the internal address followed by subsequent read operations. To perform a selective read, the bus master sends out the device address with the LSB set to 0. This specifies a write operation. According to the write protocol, the bus master then sends the address bytes that are loaded into the internal address latch. After the FM24C64B acknowledges the address, the bus Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 6 of 12 FM24C64B master issues a start condition. This simultaneously aborts the write operation and allows the read command to be issued with the device address LSB Start Address set to a 1. The operation is now a current address read. By Master No Acknowledge Stop S By FM24C64B Slave Address 1A Data Byte 1 P Acknowledge Data Figure 7. Current Address Read By Master Start Address Acknowledge No Acknowledge Stop S By FM24C64B Slave Address 1A Data Byte A Data Byte 1P Acknowledge Data Figure 8. Sequential Read Start By Master S Slave Address 0AX Address Start Address No Acknowledge Stop Address MSB A Address LSB A S Slave Address 1A Data Byte 1P By FM24C64B Acknowledge Data Figure 9. Selective (Random) Read Endurance The FM24C64B internally operates with a read and restore mechanism. Therefore, endurance cycles are applied for each read or write cycle. The memory architecture is based on an array of rows and columns. Each read or write access causes an endurance cycle for an entire row. In the FM24C64B, a row is 64 bits wide. Every 8-byte boundary marks the beginning of a new row. Endurance can be optimized by ensuring frequently accessed data is located in different rows. Regardless, FRAM read and write endurance is effectively unlimited at the 1MHz two-wire speed. Even at 3000 accesses per second to the same segment, 10 years time will elapse before 1 trillion endurance cycles occur. Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 7 of 12 FM24C64B Electrical Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Description VDD Power Supply Voltage with respect to VSS VIN Voltage on any signal pin with respect to VSS TSTG TLEAD VESD Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Voltage - Human Body Model (AEC-Q100-002 Rev. E) - Charged Device Model (AEC-Q100-011 Rev. B) - Machine Model (AEC-Q100-003 Rev. E) Package Moisture Sensitivity Level Ratings -1.0V to +7.0V -1.0V to +7.0V and VIN < VDD+1.0V * -55°C to + 125°C 260° C 4kV 1.25kV 200V MSL-1 * Exception: The “VIN < VDD+1.0V” restriction does not apply to the SCL and SDA inputs. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. DC Operating Conditions (TA = -40° C to + 85° C, VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units VDD Main Power Supply 4.5 5.0 5.5 V IDD VDD Supply Current 100 @ SCL = 100 kHz µA 200 @ SCL = 400 kHz µA 400 @ SCL = 1 MHz µA ISB Standby Current 4 10 µA ILI Input Leakage Current ±1 µA ILO Output Leakage Current ±1 µA VIL Input Low Voltage -0.3 0.3 VDD V VIH Input High Voltage 0.7 VDD VDD + 0.3 V 0.4 V VOL Output Low Voltage @ IOL = 3 mA RIN Input Resistance (WP, A2-A0) 40 For VIN = VIL (max) KΩ 1 For VIN = VIH (min) MΩ VHYS Input Hysteresis 0.05 VDD V Notes 1 2 3 3 5 4 Notes 1. SCL toggling between VDD-0.3V and VSS, other inputs VSS or VDD-0.3V 2. SCL = SDA = VDD. All inputs VSS or VDD. Stop command issued. 3. VIN or VOUT = VSS to VDD. Does not apply to WP, A2-A0 pins. 4. This parameter is characterized but not tested. 5. The input pull-down circuit is strong (40KΩ) when the input voltage is below VIL and much weaker (1MΩ) when the input voltage is above VIH. Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 8 of 12 FM24C64B AC Parameters (TA = -40° C to + 85° C, VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V, CL = 100 pF unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max Min Max Min Max fSCL SCL Clock Frequency 0 100 0 400 0 1000 tLOW Clock Low Period 4.7 1.3 0.6 tHIGH Clock High Period 4.0 0.6 0.4 tAA SCL Low to SDA Data Out Valid 3 0.9 0.55 tBUF tHD:STA tSU:STA tHD:DAT tSU:DAT tR tF tSU:STO tDH tSP Bus Free Before New Transmission Start Condition Hold Time Start Condition Setup for Repeated Start Data In Hold Data In Setup Input Rise Time Input Fall Time Stop Condition Setup Data Output Hold (from SCL @ VIL) Noise Suppression Time Constant on SCL, SDA 4.7 4.0 4.7 0 250 1000 300 4.0 0 50 0.6 0 50 1.3 0.6 0.6 0 100 300 300 0.25 0 50 0.5 0.25 0.25 0 100 300 100 Units kHz µs µs µs µs µs µs ns ns ns ns µs ns ns Notes 1 1 Notes : All SCL specifications as well as start and stop conditions apply to both read and write operations. 1 This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. Capacitance (TA = 25° C, f=1.0 MHz, VDD = 5V) Symbol Parameter CI/O Input/output capacitance (SDA) CIN Input capacitance Max 8 6 Units pF pF Notes 1 1 Notes 1 This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested. Power Cycle Timing Power Cycle Timing (TA = -40°C to +85°C, VDD = 4.5V to 5.5V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max tPU Power Up (VDD min) to First Access (Start condition) 10 tPD Last Access (Stop condition) to Power Down (VDD min) 0 tVR VDD Rise Time 30 tVF VDD Fall Time 100 Notes 1. Slope measured at any point on VDD waveform. Units ms µs µs/V µs/V Notes 1 1 Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 9 of 12 FM24C64B AC Test Conditions Input Pulse Levels Input rise and fall times Input and output timing levels 0.1 VDD to 0.9 VDD 10 ns 0.5 VDD Equivalent AC Load Circuit 5.5V 1700 Ω Diagram Notes All start and stop timing parameters apply to both read and write cycles. Clock specifications are identical for read and write cycles. Write timing parameters apply to slave address, word address, and write data bits. Functional relationships are illustrated in the relevant data sheet sections. These diagrams illustrate the timing parameters only. Read Bus Timing tR tF t HIGH Output 100 pF t LOW t SP t SP SCL t SU:SDA t BUF 1/fSCL t HD:DAT t SU:DAT t DH SDA Start Stop Start t AA Acknowledge Write Bus Timing t HD:DAT SCL t SU:STO t HD:STA t SU:DAT t AA SDA Start Stop Start Acknowledge Data Retention Symbol Parameter TDR @ +85ºC @ +80ºC @ +75ºC Min 10 19 38 Max - Units Years Years Years Notes Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 10 of 12 FM24C64B Mechanical Drawing 8-pin SOIC (JEDEC Standard MS-012 variation AA) Refer to JEDEC MS-012 for complete dimensions and notes. All dimensions in millimeters. SOIC Package Marking Scheme Legend: XXXXXX= part number, P= package type R=rev code, LLLLLLL= lot code RIC=Ramtron Int’l Corp, YY=year, WW=work week Example: FM24C64B, “Green” SOIC package, Year 2010, Work Week 47 FM24C64B-G A00002G1 RIC1047 XXXXXXX-P LLLLLLL RICYYWW Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 11 of 12 FM24C64B Revision History Revision 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Date 11/10/2010 12/20/2010 2/7/2011 2/15/2011 Summary Initial Release Changed VIH (max) to VDD+0.3V. Added ESD ratings. Changed tPU and tVF spec limits. Rev. 1.3 Feb. 2011 12 of 12