FM31T374-G

Preliminary FM31T372/374/376/378 System Supervisor & Temperature Compensated RTC (TCXO) with Embedded Crystal Features High Integration Device Replaces Multiple Parts  Real-time Clock (RTC) o Embedded 32.768kHz Crystal o Temperature Compensated  32.768 kHz Clock Output  Low-VDD Detection Drives Reset  Watchdog Timer  Early Power-Fail Warning/NMI  Two 16-bit Event Counters with Event Driven Interrupt Output  Serial Number with Write-lock for Security Ferroelectric Nonvolatile RAM  4Kb, 16Kb, 64Kb, and 256Kb versions  Unlimited Read/Write Endurance  10 year Data Retention  NoDelay™ Writes Real-time Clock/Calendar  Temp-Compensated Using On-Chip Sensor o  5 ppm over -40°C to +85°C o Accuracy  2 ½ min. per year  Backup Current 1.4 A (max.) at +25C  Seconds through Centuries in BCD for mat  Tracks Leap Years through 2099    No External Crystal Required Offset Register to Correct for Crystal Aging Supports Battery or Capacitor Backup Processor Companion  32.768 kHz Clock Output  Active-low Reset Output for VDD and Watchdog  Programmable VDD Reset Trip Point  Manual Reset Filtered and Debounced  Programmable Watchdog Timer  Dual Battery-backed Event Counter Tracks System Intrusions or other Events  Event Counter Driven Interrupt Output  Comparator for Early Power -Fail Interrupt  64-bit Programmable Serial Number with Lock Fast Two-wire Serial Interface  Up to 1 MHz Maximum Bus Frequency  Supports Legacy Timing for 100 kHz & 400 kHz  Device Select Pins for up to 4 Memory Devices  RTC, Supervisor Controlled via 2-wire Interface Easy to Use Configurations  Operates from 2.7 to 5.5V  Small Footprint 14-pin “Green” SOIC (-G)  Low Operating Current  -40C to +85C Operation Description The FM31T37x is a family of integrated devices that includes the most commonly needed functions for processor-based systems. Major features include nonvolatile F-RAM memory available in various sizes, temperature-compensated real-time clock with embedded crystal, 32.768kHz clock output, low-VDD reset, watchdog timer, battery backed event counter, event driven interrupt output, lockab le 64-bit serial number area, general purpose comparator that can be used for an early power -fail (NMI) interrupt or other purpose, and 2-wire serial interface to a host microcontroller. The family operates from 2.7 to 5.5V. The real-time clock (RTC) provides time and date information in BCD format. It can be permanently powered from external backup voltage source, either a battery or a capacitor. The timekeeper uses an internal 32.768 kHz crystal which is factorycalibrated for excellent timekeeping accuracy over the industrial temperature range. This is a product that has fixed target specifications but are subject to change pending characterization results. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 The FM31T37x devices integrate 4Kb, 16Kb, 64Kb, and 256Kb of F-RAM memory. F-RAM offers superior write speed and unlimited endurance. This allows the memory to provide system data collection and as read/write RAM storage. This memory is truly nonvolatile rather than battery-backed. The processor companion includes commonly needed CPU support functions. Supervisory functions include a reset output signal controlled by either a low VDD condition or a watchdog timeout. /RST goes active when VDD drops below a programmable threshold and remains active for 100 ms after VDD rises above the trip point. A programmable watchdog timer runs from 100 ms to 3 seconds. The watchdog timer is optional, but if enabled it will a ssert the reset signal for 100 ms if not restarted by the host before the timeout. A flag-bit indicates the source of the reset. Ramtron International Corporation 1850 Ramtron Drive, Colorado Springs, CO 80921 (800) 545-FRAM, (719) 481-7000 http://www.ramtron.com Page 1 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G A general-purpose comparator compares an external input pin to the onboard 1.2V reference. This is useful for generating a po wer-fail interrupt (NMI) but can be used for any purpose. The family also includes a programmable 64-bit serial number that can be locked making it unalterable. Additionally it offers a dual battery-backed event counter that tracks the number of rising or falling edges detected on dedicated input pins. Pin Configuration CNT1 CNT2 A0 A1 CAL/PFO RST VSS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 Pin Name CNT1, CNT2 A0, A1 CAL/PFO VDD SCL SDA FOUT /INT PFI VBAK /RST VSS VBAK PFI /INT FOUT SDA SCL VDD Function Event Counter Inputs Device Select inputs Clock Calibration and Early Power-Fail Output Reset Input/Output Ground Battery-Backup Supply Early Power-fail Input Event Counter Driven Interrupt Output 32.768 kHz Clock Output Serial Data Serial Clock Supply Voltage Ordering Information Base Configuration FM31T378 FM31T376 FM31T374 FM31T372 Memory Size 256Kb 64Kb 16Kb 4Kb Operating Voltage 2.7-5.5V 2.7-5.5V 2.7-5.5V 2.7-5.5V Reset Threshold 2.6V, 2.9, 3.9, 4.4V 2.6V, 2.9, 3.9, 4.4V 2.6V, 2.9, 3.9, 4.4V 2.6V, 2.9, 3.9, 4.4V Ordering Part Number FM31T378-G FM31T376-G FM31T374-G FM31T372-G Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 2 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G A1, A0 SCL SDA 2-Wire Interface LockOut F-RAM Array LockOut RST Watchdog LV Detect Special Function Registers S/N RTC Registers FOUT PFI + CAL/PFO ~2.4V 1.2V Temp Sensor 512Hz Temperature Compensated RTC Event Counters 32.768 kHz /INT CNT1 CNT2 + VDD Switched Power VBAK Nonvolatile Battery Backed Figure 1. Pin Descriptions Pin Name A0, A1 Block Diagram Type Input Pin Description Device select inputs are used to address multiple memories on a serial bus. To select the device the address value on the two pins must match the corresponding bits contained in the device address. The device select pins are pulled down internally. Event Counter Inputs: These battery-backed inputs increment counters when an edge is detected on the corresponding CNT pin. The polarity is programmable. These pin s should not be left floating. Tie to ground if pins are not used. Event Counter Driven Interrupt Output. This is a battery backed open-drain output. It goes low for at least 100 ms upon changes on either CNT1 or CNT2 pin. This pin can be left floating if not used. In normal operation, this is the early power-fail output. In CAL mode, it supplies a 512 Hz square-wave output for clock calibration. 32.768kHz Clock Output. This is a battery backed open-drain output. This pin can be disabled by setting the FOEN bit to “0”. This pin can be left floating if not used. Active low reset output with weak pull-up. Also input for manual reset. Serial Data & Address: This is a bi-directional line for the two-wire interface. It is open-drain and is intended to be wire-OR‟d with other devices on the two-wire bus. The input buffer incorporates a Schmitt trigger for noise immunity and the output driver includes slope control for falling edges. A pull-up resistor is required. Serial Clock: The serial clock line for the two-wire interface. Data is clocked out of the device on the falling edge, and into the device on the rising edge. The SCL input also incorporates a Schmitt trigger input for noise immunity. Early Power-fail Input: Typically connected to an unregulated power supply to detect an early power failure. This pin should not be left floating. Backup supply voltage: A 3V battery or a large value capacitor. If no backup supply is used, this pin should be tied to VDD. Supply Voltage CNT1, CNT2 Input /INT Output CAL/PFO FOUT /RST SDA Output Output I/O I/O SCL Input PFI VBAK VDD Input Supply Supply Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 3 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Overview The FM31T37x family combines a serial nonvolatile F-RAM, a temperature compensated real-time clock with embedded crystal, and a processor companion. The companion is a highly integrated peripheral including a processor supervisor, a comparator used for early power-fail warning, nonvolatile event counters, and a 64-bit serial number. The FM31T37x integrates these complementary but distinct functions that share a common interface in a single package. Although monolithic, the product is organized as two logical devices, the F-RAM memory, and the RTC/companion. From the system perspective they appear to be two separate devices with unique IDs on the serial bus. The memory is organized as a stand-alone 2-wire nonvolatile memory with a standard device ID value. The real-time clock and supervisor functions are accessed with a separate 2-wire device ID. This allows clock/calendar data to be read while maintaining the most recently used memory address. The clock and supervisor functions are controlled by 21 special function registers. The RTC and event counter circuits are maintained by the power source on the VBAK pin, allowing them to operate from battery or backup capacitor power when VDD drops below an internally set threshold. Each functional block is described below. protected addresses. The special function registers containing these bits are described in detail below. Write protect addresses None Bottom ¼ Bottom ½ Full array WP1 0 0 1 1 WP0 0 1 0 1 Processor Companion In addition to nonvolatile RAM, the FM31T37x family incorporates a highly integrated processor companion. It includes a low voltage reset, a programmable watchdog timer, battery-backed event counters with interrupt output, a comparator for early power-fail detection or other purposes, and a 64-bit serial number. Memory Operation The FM31T37x is a family of products available in different memory sizes including 4Kb, 16Kb, 64Kb, and 256Kb. The family is software compatible, all versions use consistent two-byte addressing for the memory device. This makes the lowest density device different from its stand-alone memory counterparts but makes them compatible within the entire family. Memory is organized in bytes, for example the 4Kb memory is 512 x 8 and the 256Kb memory is 32,768 x 8. The memory is based on F-RAM technology. Therefore it can be treated as RAM and is read or written at the speed of the two -wire bus with no delays for write operations. It also offers effectively unlimited write endurance unlike other nonvolatile memory technologies. The 2-wire interface protocol is described further on page 13. The memory array can be write-protected by software. Two bits in the processor companion area (WP0, WP1 in register 0Bh) control the protection setting as shown in the following table. Based on the setting, the protected addresses cannot be written and the 2-wire interface will not acknowledge any data to Processor Supervisor Supervisors provide a host processor two basic functions: detection of power supply fault conditions and a watchdog timer to escape a software lockup condition. All FM31T37x devices have a reset pin (/RST) to drive the processor reset input during power faults (and power -up) and software lockups. It is an open-drain output with a weak internal pull -up to VDD. This allows other reset sources to be wire-OR‟d to the /RST pin. When VDD is above the programmed trip point, /RST output is pulled weakly to VDD. If VDD drops below the reset trip point voltage level (VTP) the /RST pin will be driven low. It will remain low until VDD falls too low for circuit operation which is the VRST level. When VDD rises again above VTP, /RST will continue to drive low for at least 100 ms (tRPU) to ensure a robust system reset at a reliable VDD level. After tRPU has been met, the /RST pin will return to the weak high state. While /RST is asserted, serial bus activity is locked out even if a transaction occurred as VDD dropped below VTP. A memory operation started while VDD is above VTP will be completed internally. Figure 2 below illustrates the reset operation in response to the VDD voltage. VDD VTP tRPU RST Figure 2. Low Voltage Reset Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 4 of 25 FM31T372/374/376/378-G The bits VTP1 and VTP0 control the trip point of the low voltage detect circuit. They are located in register 0Bh, bits 1 and 0. VTP 2.6V 2.9V 3.9V 4.4V VTP1 00 01 10 11 VTP0 Watchdog timeout WDE WR3-0 = 1010b to restart Counter /RST 100 ms clock Timebase Figure 3. Watchdog Timer Manual Reset The /RST pin is bi-directional and allows the FM31T37x to filter and de-bounce a manual reset switch. The /RST input detects an external low condition and responds by driving the /RST signal low for 100 ms. A manual reset does not set any flags. MCU RST FM31T37x The watchdog timer can also be used to assert the reset signal (/RST). The watchdog is a free running programmable timer. The period can be software programmed from 100 ms to 3 seconds in 100 ms increments via a 5-bit nonvolatile register. All programmed settings are minimum values and vary with temperature according to the operating specifications. The watchdog has two additional controls associated with its operation, a watchdog enable bit (WDE) and timer restart bits (WR). Both the enable bit must be set and the watchdog must timeout in order to drive /RST active. If a r eset event occurs, the timer will automatically restart on the rising edge of the reset pulse. If WDE=0, the watchdog timer runs but a watchdog fault will not cause /RST to be asserted low. The WTR flag will be set, indicating a watchdog fault. This setting is useful during software development and the developer does not want /RST to drive. Note that setting the maximum timeout setting (11111b) disables the counter to save power. The second control is a nibble that restarts the timer preventing a reset. The timer should be restarted after changing the timeout value. The watchdog timeout value is located in register 0Ah, bits 4-0, and the watchdog enable is bit 7. The watchdog is restarted by writing the pattern 1010b to the lower nibble of register 09h. Writing this pattern will also cause the timer to load new timeout values. Writing other patterns to this address will not affect its operation. Note the watchdog timer is free-running. Prior to enabling it, users should restart the timer as described above. This assures that the full timeout period will be set immediately after enabling. The watchdog is disabled when VDD is below VTP. The following table summarizes the watchdog bits. A block diagram follows. Watchdog timeout Watchdog enable Watchdog restart WDT4-0 0Ah, bits 4-0 WDE 0Ah, bit 7 WR3-0 09h, bits 3-0 Reset Switch Switch Behavior RST FM31T37x drives 100 ms (min.) Figure 4. Manual Reset Note that an internal weak pull-up on /RST eliminates the need for additional external components. Reset Flags In case of a reset condition, a flag will be set to indicate the source of the reset. A low VDD reset is indicated by the POR flag, register 09h bit 6. A watchdog reset is indicated by the WTR flag, register 09h bit 7. Note that the flags are internally set in response to reset sources, but they must be cleared by the user. When the register is read, it is possible that both flags are set if both have occurred since the user last cleared them. Early Power Fail Comparator An early power fail warning can be provided to the processor well before VDD drops out of spec. The comparator is used to create a power fail interrupt (NMI). This can be accomplished by connecting the PFI pin to the unregulated power supply via a resistor divider. An application circuit is shown below. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 5 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Regulator VDD CNT1 C1P 16-bit Counter C2P FM31T37x CNT2 16-bit Counter PFI To MCU CAL/PFO NMI input + - CC 1.2V ref Figure 6. Event Counter Figure 5. Comparator as Early Power-Fail Warning The voltage on the PFI input pin is compared to an onboard 1.2V reference. When the PFI input voltage drops below this threshold, the comparator will drive the CAL/PFO pin to a low state. The comparator has 100 mV (max) of hysteresis to reduce noise sensitivity, only for a rising PFI signal. For a falling PFI edge, there is no hysteresis. The comparator is a general purpose device and its application is not limited to the NMI function. The comparator is not integrated into the special function registers except as it shares its output pin with the CAL output. When the CAL mode is invoked by setting the CAL bit (register 00h, bit 2), the CAL/PFO output pin is driven with a 512 Hz square wave and the comparator will be ignored. Since most users only invoke the CAL mode during production, this should have no impact on system operations using the comparator. Event Counter The FM31T37x offers the user two battery-backed event counters. Input pins CNT1 and CNT2 are programmable edge detectors. Each clocks a 16-bit counter. When an edge occurs, the counters will increment their respective registers. Counter 1 is located in registers 0Dh and 0Eh, Counter 2 is located in registers 0Fh and 10h. These register values can be read anytime VDD is above VTP, and they will be incremented as long as a valid VBAK power source is provided. To read, set the RC bit register 0Ch bit 3 to 1. This takes a snapshot of all four counter bytes allowing a stable value even if a count occurs during the read. The registers can be written by software allowing the counters to be cleared or initialized by the system. Counts are blocked during a write operation. The two counters can be cascaded to create a single 32-bit counter by setting the CC control bit (register 0Ch). When cascaded, the CNT1 input will cause the counter to increment. CNT2 is not used in this mode. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 The control bits for event counting are located in register 0Ch. Counter 1 Polarity is bit C1P, bit 0; Counter 2 Polarity is C2P, bit 1; the Cascade Control is CC, bit 2; and the Read Counter bit is RC bit 3. The polarity bits must be set prior to setting the counter value(s). If a polarity bit is changed, the counter may inadvertently increment. If the counter pins are not being used, tie them to ground. Event Counter Driven Interrupt Output The event counter driven interrupt is a battery backed open-drain output (/INT). A 100ms active low pulse generated for the host microcontroller upon changes on either CNT1 or CNT2 pins. The CNT2 pin will not generate an interrupt if the CC bit is set to „1‟ (counter set to cascaded 32-bit mode). MCU INT FM31T37x Event occur INT 100 ms Figure 7. Event Counter Driven Interrupt Output Serial Number A memory location to write a 64-bit serial number is provided. It is a writeable nonvolatile memory block that can be locked by the user once the serial number is set. The 8 bytes of data and the lock bit are all accessed via the device ID for the processor companion. Therefore the serial number area is separate and distinct from the memory array. The serial number registers can be written an unlimited number of times, so these locations are general purpose memory. However once the lock bit is set the values cannot be altered and the lock cannot be removed. Once locked the serial number registers can still be read by the system. Page 6 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G The serial number is located in registers 11h to 18h. The lock bit is SNL, register 0Bh bit 7. Setting the SNL bit to „1‟ disables writes to the serial number registers, and the SNL bit cannot be cleared. Real-Time Clock (TCXO) Operation The real-time clock is a timekeeping function that can be battery or capacitor backed for continuous operation. The RTC is operated by a temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) based on an embedded 32.768 kHz crystal. The RTC consists of an oscillator, clock divider, and a register system for user access. It divides down the 32.768 kHz time-base and provides a minimum resolution of seconds (1Hz). Static registers provide the user with read/write access to the time values. It includes registers for seconds, minutes, hours, day-of-the-week, date, months, and years. A block diagram (Figure 8) illustrates the RTC function. The user registers are synchronized with the timekeeper core using R and W bits in register 00h described below. Changing the R bit from „0‟ to „1‟ transfers timekeeping information from the core into holding registers that can be read by the user. If a timekeeper update is pending when R is set, then the core will be updated prior to loading the user registers. The registers are frozen and will not be updated again until the R bit is cleared to „0‟. R is used for reading the time. Setting the W bit to „1‟ locks the user registers. Clearing it to „0‟ causes the values in the user registers to be loaded into the timekeeper core. W is used for writing new time values. Users should be certain not to load invalid values, such as FFh, to the timekeeping registers. Updates to the timekeeping core occur continuously except when locked. Backup Power The real-time clock/calendar is intended to be permanently powered. When the primary system power fails, the voltage on the VDD pin will drop. When VDD is less 2.4V the RTC (and event counters) will switch to the backup power supply on V BAK. The clock operates at extremely low current in order to maximize battery or capacitor life. However, an advantage of combining a clock function with F-RAM memory is that data is not lost regardless of the backup power source. The IBAK current varies with temperature and voltage (see DC parametric table). The following graph shows IBAK as a function of VBAK. These curves are useful for calculating backup time when a capacitor is used as the VBAK source. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Figure 8. IBAK vs. VBAK Voltage The minimum VBAK voltage varies linearly with temperature. The user can expect the minimum VBAK voltage to be 1.23V at +85°C and 1.90V at -40°C. The tested limit is 1.55V at +25°C. The minimum VBAK voltage has been characterized at -40°C and +85°C but is not 100% tested. Figure 9. VBAK (min.) vs. Temperature Trickle Charger To facilitate capacitor backup, the VBAK pin can optionally provide a trickle charge current. When the VBC bit, register 0Bh bit 2, is set to „1‟ the VBAK pin will source approximately 80µA until VBAK reaches VDD or 3.75V whichever is less. In 3V systems, this charges the capacitor to VDD without an external diode and resistor charger. There is a Fast Charge mode which is enabled by the FC bit (register 0Bh, bit 5). In this mode the trickle charger current is set to approximately 1 mA, allowing a large backup capacitor to charge more quickly. In the case where no battery is used, the VBAK pin should be tied to VDD. Although VBAK may be connected to VSS, this is not recommended if the companion is used. None of the companion functions will operate below approximately 2.4V. Page 7 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Note: Systems using lithium batteries should clear the VBC bit to ‘0’ to prevent battery charging. The VBAK circuitry includes an internal 1 K series resistor as a safety element. 32.768 kHz Clock Output The 32.768 kHz clock (with precision equal to that of the built-in crystal oscillator) can be output via the FOUT pin. This output is not temperature compensated. This clock can be disabled by clearing the FOEN bit to „0‟. /OSCEN 32.768 kHz crystal 32.768kHz 512 Hz W Oscillator Clock Divider 1 Hz Update Logic CF Years 8 bits Months 5 bits Date 6 bits Days 3 bits Hours 6 bits Minutes 7 bits Seconds 7 bits User Interface Registers R Figure 8. Real-Time Clock Core Block Diagram Offset/Aging Compensation The user can expect the RTC to be accurate from the factory. The RTC is calibrated at the factory at room temperature. The CAL bits setting in Register 01h will likely be a non-zero value. This is the initial calibration value assigned at the factory prior to shipment. The device may need re-calibrating after solder reflow or after some period of time due to crystal aging. If the user needs to re-calibrate the RTC, the following describes the steps to change the calibration setting. Before making changes to the CAL bits, the user can read these bits to verify the current setting is an expected value. To enter calibration mode, the CAL bit in a register 00h must be set to „1‟. When the RTC is in calibration mode, the CAL/PFO output pin is dedicated to the calibration function and the power fail output is temporarily unavailable. Calibration operates by applying a digital correction to the counter based on the frequency error. In this mode, the CAL/PFO pin is driven with a 512 Hz (nominal) square wave. Any measured deviation from 512 Hz translates into a timekeeping error. The 512Hz calibration output must be measured at +25°C. This output is not temperature compensated. The user converts the measured error in ppm and writes the appropriate correction value to the calibration register. The correction factors are listed in the following tables. Positive ppm errors require a negative adjustment that removes pulses. Negative ppm errors require a positive correction that adds pulses. Positive ppm adjustments have the CALS (sign) bit set to „1‟, whereas negative ppm adjustments have CALS = 0. The calibration setting is stored in F-RAM so is not lost should the backup source fail. It is accessed with bits CAL.5-0 in register 01h. This value only can be written when the CAL bit is set to „1‟. To exit the calibration mode, the user must clear the CAL bit to a 0. When the CAL bit is 0, the CAL/PFO pin will revert to the power fail output function. Note: Temperature compensation is disabled when the CAL bit is set to ‘1’. The user should clear this bit to allow temperature compensation to activate. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 8 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Calibration Adjustments for Offset/Aging Positive Calibration for Slow Measured Clocks Measured Frequency Range at +25°C Error Range (PPM) Min Max Min Max Program Calibration Register to: 512.0000 511.9995 0.00 -1.02 1000000 511.9995 511.9984 -1.02 -3.05 1000001 511.9984 511.9974 -3.05 -5.09 1000010 511.9974 511.9964 -5.09 -7.12 1000011 511.9964 511.9953 -7.12 -9.16 1000100 511.9953 511.9943 -9.16 -11.19 1000101 511.9943 511.9932 -11.19 -13.22 1000110 511.9932 511.9922 -13.22 -15.26 1000111 511.9922 511.9911 -15.26 -17.29 1001000 511.9911 511.9901 -17.29 -19.33 1001001 511.9901 511.9891 -19.33 -21.36 1001010 511.9891 511.9880 -21.36 -23.40 1001011 511.9880 511.9870 -23.40 -25.43 1001100 511.9870 511.9859 -25.43 -27.47 1001101 511.9859 511.9849 -27.47 -29.50 1001110 511.9849 511.9839 -29.50 -31.53 1001111 511.9839 511.9828 -31.53 -33.57 1010000 511.9828 511.9818 -33.57 -35.60 1010001 511.9818 511.9807 -35.60 -37.64 1010010 511.9807 511.9797 -37.64 -39.67 1010011 511.9797 511.9786 -39.67 -41.71 1010100 511.9786 511.9776 -41.71 -43.74 1010101 511.9776 511.9766 -43.74 -45.78 1010110 511.9766 511.9755 -45.78 -47.81 1010111 511.9755 511.9745 -47.81 -49.85 1011000 511.9745 511.9734 -49.85 -51.88 1011001 511.9734 511.9724 -51.88 -53.91 1011010 511.9724 511.9714 -53.91 -55.95 1011011 511.9714 511.9703 -55.95 -57.98 1011100 511.9703 511.9693 -57.98 -60.02 1011101 511.9693 511.9682 -60.02 -62.05 1011110 511.9682 511.9672 -62.05 -64.09 1011111 511.9672 511.9661 -64.09 -66.12 1100000 511.9661 511.9651 -66.12 -68.16 1100001 511.9651 511.9641 -68.16 -70.19 1100010 511.9641 511.9630 -70.19 -72.22 1100011 511.9630 511.9620 -72.22 -74.26 1100100 511.9620 511.9609 -74.26 -76.29 1100101 511.9609 511.9599 -76.29 -78.33 1100110 511.9599 511.9589 -78.33 -80.36 1100111 511.9589 511.9578 -80.36 -82.40 1101000 511.9578 511.9568 -82.40 -84.43 1101001 511.9568 511.9557 -84.43 -86.47 1101010 511.9557 511.9547 -86.47 -88.50 1101011 511.9547 511.9536 -88.50 -90.54 1101100 511.9536 511.9526 -90.54 -92.57 1101101 511.9526 511.9516 -92.57 -94.60 1101110 511.9516 511.9505 -94.60 -96.64 1101111 511.9505 511.9495 -96.64 -98.67 1110000 511.9495 511.9484 -98.67 -100.71 1110001 511.9484 511.9474 -100.71 -102.74 1110010 511.9474 511.9464 -102.74 -104.78 1110011 511.9464 511.9453 -104.78 -106.81 1110100 511.9453 511.9443 -106.81 -108.85 1110101 511.9443 511.9432 -108.85 -110.88 1110110 511.9432 511.9422 -110.88 -112.92 1110111 511.9422 511.9411 -112.92 -114.95 1111000 511.9411 511.9401 -114.95 -116.98 1111001 511.9401 511.9391 -116.98 -119.02 1111010 511.9391 511.9380 -119.02 -121.05 1111011 511.9380 511.9370 -121.05 -123.09 1111100 511.9370 511.9359 -123.09 -125.12 1111101 511.9359 511.9349 -125.12 -127.16 1111110 511.9349 511.9339 -127.16 -129.19 1111111 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 9 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 Negative Calibration for Fast Measured Clocks Measured Frequency Range at +25°C Error Range (PPM) Min Max Min Max Program Calibration Register to: 512.0000 512.0005 0.00 1.02 0000000 512.0005 512.0016 1.02 3.05 0000001 512.0016 512.0026 3.05 5.09 0000010 512.0026 512.0036 5.09 7.12 0000011 512.0036 512.0047 7.12 9.16 0000100 512.0047 512.0057 9.16 11.19 0000101 512.0057 512.0068 11.19 13.22 0000110 512.0068 512.0078 13.22 15.26 0000111 512.0078 512.0089 15.26 17.29 0001000 512.0089 512.0099 17.29 19.33 0001001 512.0099 512.0109 19.33 21.36 0001010 512.0109 512.0120 21.36 23.40 0001011 512.0120 512.0130 23.40 25.43 0001100 512.0130 512.0141 25.43 27.47 0001101 512.0141 512.0151 27.47 29.50 0001110 512.0151 512.0161 29.50 31.53 0001111 512.0161 512.0172 31.53 33.57 0010000 512.0172 512.0182 33.57 35.60 0010001 512.0182 512.0193 35.60 37.64 0010010 512.0193 512.0203 37.64 39.67 0010011 512.0203 512.0214 39.67 41.71 0010100 512.0214 512.0224 41.71 43.74 0010101 512.0224 512.0234 43.74 45.78 0010110 512.0234 512.0245 45.78 47.81 0010111 512.0245 512.0255 47.81 49.85 0011000 512.0255 512.0266 49.85 51.88 0011001 512.0266 512.0276 51.88 53.91 0011010 512.0276 512.0286 53.91 55.95 0011011 512.0286 512.0297 55.95 57.98 0011100 512.0297 512.0307 57.98 60.02 0011101 512.0307 512.0318 60.02 62.05 0011110 512.0318 512.0328 62.05 64.09 0011111 512.0328 512.0339 64.09 66.12 0100000 512.0339 512.0349 66.12 68.16 0100001 512.0349 512.0359 68.16 70.19 0100010 512.0359 512.0370 70.19 72.22 0100011 512.0370 512.0380 72.22 74.26 0100100 512.0380 512.0391 74.26 76.29 0100101 512.0391 512.0401 76.29 78.33 0100110 512.0401 512.0411 78.33 80.36 0100111 512.0411 512.0422 80.36 82.40 0101000 512.0422 512.0432 82.40 84.43 0101001 512.0432 512.0443 84.43 86.47 0101010 512.0443 512.0453 86.47 88.50 0101011 512.0453 512.0464 88.50 90.54 0101100 512.0464 512.0474 90.54 92.57 0101101 512.0474 512.0484 92.57 94.60 0101110 512.0484 512.0495 94.60 96.64 0101111 512.0495 512.0505 96.64 98.67 0110000 512.0505 512.0516 98.67 100.71 0110001 512.0516 512.0526 100.71 102.74 0110010 512.0526 512.0536 102.74 104.78 0110011 512.0536 512.0547 104.78 106.81 0110100 512.0547 512.0557 106.81 108.85 0110101 512.0557 512.0568 108.85 110.88 0110110 512.0568 512.0578 110.88 112.92 0110111 512.0578 512.0589 112.92 114.95 0111000 512.0589 512.0599 114.95 116.98 0111001 512.0599 512.0609 116.98 119.02 0111010 512.0609 512.0620 119.02 121.05 0111011 512.0620 512.0630 121.05 123.09 0111100 512.0630 512.0641 123.09 125.12 0111101 512.0641 512.0651 125.12 127.16 0111110 512.0651 512.0661 127.16 129.19 0111111 Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 10 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Register Map The TCXO and processor companion functions are accessed via 25 special function registers mapped to a separate 2-wire device ID. The interface protocol is described below. The registers contain timekeepi ng data, control bits, or information flags. A description of each register follows the summary table below. Register Map Summary Table Nonvolatile = Battery-backed = Address 18h 17h 16h 15h 14h 13h 12h 11h 10h 0Fh 0Eh 0Dh 0Ch 0Bh 0Ah 09h 08h 07h 06h 05h 04h 03h 02h 01h 00h D7 D6 Data D5 D4 D3 Serial Number Byte 7 Serial Number Byte 6 Serial Number Byte 5 Serial Number Byte 4 Serial Number Byte 3 Serial Number Byte 2 Serial Number Byte 1 Serial Number Byte 0 Counter 2 MSB Counter 2 LSB Counter 1 MSB Counter 1 LSB RC FC WP1 WP0 WDT4 W DT3 LB WR3 D2 D1 D0 Function Serial Number 7 Serial Number 6 Serial Number 5 Serial Number 4 Serial Number 3 Serial Number 2 Serial Number 1 Serial Number 0 Event Counter 2 MSB Event Counter 2 LSB Event Counter 1 MSB Event Counter 1 LSB Event Count Control Companion Control Watchdog Control Watchdog Restart/Flags Years Month Date Day Hours Minutes Seconds OSC/CAL Control RTC Control Range FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh FFh SNL WDE W TR 0 0 0 0 0 0 /OSCEN reserved FOEN POR 10 years 0 0 10 mo 0 10 date 0 0 0 0 10 hours 10 minutes 10 seconds CALS CAL5 CAL4 CF reserved reserved 0 CAL3 reserved CC C2P VBC VTP1 WDT2 WDT1 WR2 WR1 years months date day hours minutes seconds CAL2 CAL1 CAL W C1P VTP0 WDT0 WR0 00-99 1-12 1-31 1-7 0-23 0-59 0-59 CAL0 R Note: When the device is first powered up and programmed, all registers must be written because the battery-backed register values cannot be guaranteed. The table below shows the default values of the non -volatile registers. All other register values should be treated as unknown. Default Register Values Address 18h 17h 16h 15h 14h 13h 12h 11h 0Bh 0Ah 01h Hex Value 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x40 0x1F Factory programmed Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 11 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Register Description Address Description 18h Serial Number Byte 7 D7 SN.63 D6 SN.62 D5 SN.61 D4 SN.60 D3 SN.59 D2 SN.58 D1 SN.57 D0 SN.56 Upper byte of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read -only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 17h Serial Number Byte 6 D7 SN.55 D6 SN.54 D5 SN.53 D4 SN.52 D3 SN.51 D2 SN.50 D1 SN.49 D0 SN.48 Byte 6 of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read-only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 16h Serial Number Byte 5 D7 SN.47 D6 SN.46 D5 SN.45 D4 SN.44 D3 SN.43 D2 SN.42 D1 SN.41 D0 SN.40 Byte 5 of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read -only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 15h Serial Number Byte 4 D7 SN.39 D6 SN.38 D5 SN.37 D4 SN.36 D3 SN.35 D2 SN.34 D1 SN.33 D0 SN.32 Byte 4 of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read -only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 14h Serial Number Byte 3 D7 SN.31 D6 SN.30 D5 SN.29 D4 SN.28 D3 SN.27 D2 SN.26 D1 SN.25 D0 SN.24 Byte 3 of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read -only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 13h Serial Number Byte 2 D7 SN.23 D6 SN.22 D5 SN.21 D4 SN.20 D3 SN.19 D2 SN.18 D1 SN.17 D0 SN.16 Byte 2 of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read-only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 12h Serial Number Byte 1 D7 SN.15 D6 SN.14 D5 SN.13 D4 SN.12 D3 SN.11 D2 SN.10 D1 SN.9 D0 SN.8 Byte 1 of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read -only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 11h Serial Number Byte 0 D7 SN.7 D6 SN.6 D5 SN.5 D4 SN.4 D3 SN.3 D2 SN.2 D1 SN.1 D0 SN.0 LSB of the serial number. Read/write when SNL=0, read-only when SNL=1. Nonvolatile. 10h Counter 2 MSB D7 C2.15 D6 C2.14 D5 C2.13 D4 C2.12 D3 C2.11 D2 C2.10 D1 C2.9 D0 C2.8 Event Counter 2 MSB. Increments on overflows from Counter 2 LSB. Battery-backed, read/write. 0Fh Counter 2 LSB D7 C2.7 D6 C2.6 D5 C2.5 D4 C2.4 D3 C2.3 D2 C2.2 D1 C2.1 D0 C2.0 Event Counter 2 LSB. Increments on programmed edge event on CNT2 input or overflows from Counter 1 MSB when CC=1. Battery-backed, read/write . 0Eh Counter 1 MSB D7 C1.15 D6 C1.14 D5 C1.13 D4 C1.12 D3 C1.11 D2 C1.10 D1 C1.9 D0 C1.8 Event Counter 1 MSB. Increments on overflows from Counter 1 LSB. Battery-backed, read/write. 0Dh Counter 1 LSB D7 C1.7 D6 C1.6 D5 C1.5 D4 C1.4 D3 C1.3 D2 C1.2 D1 C1.1 D0 C1.0 Event Counter 1 LSB. Increments on programmed edge event on CNT1 input. Battery-backed, read/write. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 12 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G 0Ch Event Counter Control D7 - D6 - D5 - D4 - D3 RC D2 CC D1 C2P D0 C1P RC CC C2P C1P Read Counter. Setting this bit to 1 takes a snapshot of the four counters bytes allowing the system to read the values without missing count events. The RC bit will be automatically cleared. Counter Cascade. When CC=0, the event counters operate independently according to the edge programmed by C1P and C2P respectively. When CC=1, the counters are cascaded to create one 32 -bit counter. The registers of Counter 2 represent the most significant 16-bits of the counter and CNT1 is the controlling input. Bit C2P is “don‟t care” when CC=1. Battery-backed, read/write. CNT2 detects falling edges when C2P = 0, rising edges when C2P = 1. C2P is “don‟t care” when CC=1. The value of Event Counter 2 may inadvertently increment if C2P is changed. Battery-backed, read/write. CNT1 detects falling edges when C1P = 0, rising edges when C1P = 1. The value of Event Counter 1 may inadvertently increment if C1P is changed. Battery-backed, read/write. 0Bh Companion Control D7 SNL D6 FOEN D5 FC D4 WP1 D3 WP0 D2 VBC D1 VTP1 D0 VTP0 SNL FOEN FC WP1-0 Serial Number Lock. Setting to a 1 makes registers 11h to 18h and SNL permanently read -only. SNL cannot be cleared once set to 1. Nonvolatile, read/write. 32.768kHz Frequency Output Enable. Default is 1 = “On”. Output FOUT turned off when FOEN = 0. Temperature compensation is not applied to the 32.768kHz frequency on the FOUT pin. Fast Charge: Setting FC to „1‟ (and VBC=1) causes a ~1 mA trickle charge current to be supplied on V BAK. Clearing VBC to „0‟ disables the charge current. Nonvolatile, read/write. Write Protect. These bits control the write protection of the memory array. Nonvolatile, read/write. Write protect addresses None Bottom ¼ Bottom ½ Full array VBC VTP1-0 WP1 WP0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 VBAK Charger Control. Setting VBC to 1 causes ~80 µA (FC=0) trickle charge current to be supplied on VBAK. Clearing VBC to 0 disables the charge current. Nonvolatile, read/write. VTP select. These bits control the reset trip point for the low VD D reset function. Nonvolatile, read/write. 0Ah VTP 2.6V 2.9V 3.9V 4.4V Watchdog Control D7 WDE VTP1 VTP0 00 01 10 11 D5 - D6 - D4 WDT4 D3 WDT3 D2 WDT2 D1 WDT1 D0 WDT0 WDE WDT4-0 Watchdog Enable. When WDE=1, a watchdog timer fault will cause the /RST si gnal to go active. When WDE = 0 the timer runs but has no effect on /RST, however the WTR flag will be set when a fault occurs. Note as the timer is free-running, users should restart the timer using WR3-0 prior to setting WDE=1. This assures a full watchd og timeout interval occurs. Nonvolatile, read/write. Watchdog Timeout. Indicates the minimum watchdog timeout interval with 100 ms resolution. New watchdog timeouts are loaded when the timer is restarted by writing the 1010b pattern to WR3 -0. Nonvolatile, read/write. Watchdog timeout Invalid – default 100 ms 100 ms 200 ms 300 ms . . . 2000 ms 2100 ms 2200 ms . Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 WDT4 WDT3 WDT2 WDT1 WDT0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 Page 13 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G . . 2900 ms 3000 ms Disable counter Watchdog Restart & Flags D7 WTR 1 1 1 D4 - 1 1 1 D3 WR3 1 1 1 0 1 1 D2 WR2 1 0 1 D1 WR1 09h D6 POR D5 LB D0 WR0 WTR POR LB WR3-0 Watchdog Timer Reset Flag: When a watchdog timer fault occurs, the WTR bit will be set to 1. It must be cleared by the user. Note that both WTR and POR could be set if both reset sources have occurred since the flags were cleared by the user. Battery-backed. Read/Write (internally set, user can clear bit). Power-on Reset Flag: When the /RST pin is activated by a VDD < VTP condition, the POR bit will be set to 1. It must be cleared by the user. Note that both WTR and POR could be set if the reset source has occurred since the flags were cleared by the user. Battery-backed. Read/Write (internally set, user can clear bit). Low Backup Flag: On power up, if the VBAK source is below the minimum voltage to operate the RTC and event counters, this bit will be set to 1. The user should clear it to 0 when initializing the system. Battery-backed. Read/Write (internally set, user can clear bit). Watchdog Restart: Writing a pattern 1010b to WR3-0 restarts the watchdog timer. The upper nibble contents do not affect this operation. Writing any pattern other than 1010b to WR3 -0 has no effect on the timer. This allows users to clear the WTR, POR, and LB flags without affecting the watchdog timer. Battery-backed, Write-only. 08h Timekeeping – Years D7 10 year.3 D6 10 year.2 D5 10 year.1 D4 10 year.0 D3 Year.3 D2 Year.2 D1 Year.1 D0 Year.0 Contains the lower two BCD digits of the year. Lower nibble contains the value for years; upper nibble contains the value for 10s of years. Each nibble operates from 0 to 9. The range for the register is 0 -99. Battery-backed, read/write. 07h Timekeeping – Months D7 0 D6 0 D5 0 D4 10 Month D3 Month.3 D2 Month.2 D1 Month.1 D0 Month.0 Contains the BCD digits for the month. Lower nibble contains the lower digit and operates from 0 to 9; upper nibble (one bit) contains the upper digit and operates from 0 to 1. The range for the register is 1 -12. Battery-backed, read/write. 06h Timekeeping – Date of the month D7 0 D6 0 D5 10 date.1 D4 10 date.0 D3 Date.3 D2 Date.2 D1 Date.1 D0 Date.0 Contains the BCD digits for the date of the month. Lower nibble contains the lower digit and operates from 0 t o 9; upper nibble contains the upper digit and operates from 0 to 3. The range for the register is 1 -31. Battery-backed, read/write. 05h Timekeeping – Day of the week D7 0 D6 0 D5 0 D4 0 D3 0 D2 Day.2 D1 Day.1 D0 Day.0 Lower nibble contains a value that correlates to day of the week. Day of the week is a ring counter that counts from 1 to 7 then returns to 1. The user must assign meaning to the day value, as the day is not integrated with the date. Battery-backed, read/write. 04h Timekeeping – Hours D7 0 D6 0 D5 10 hours.1 D4 10 hours.0 D3 Hours.3 D2 Hours2 D1 Hours.1 D0 Hours.0 Contains the BCD value of hours in 24-hour format. Lower nibble contains the lower digit and operates from 0 to 9; upper nibble (two bits) contains the upper digit and operates from 0 to 2. The range for the register is 0 -23. Battery-backed, read/write. 03h Timekeeping – Minutes D7 0 D6 10 min.2 D5 10 min.1 D4 10 min.0 D3 Min.3 D2 Min.2 D1 Min.1 D0 Min.0 Contains the BCD value of minutes. Lower nibble contains the lower digit and operates from 0 to 9; upper nibble contains the upper minutes digit and operates from 0 to 5. The range for the register is 0 -59. Battery-backed, read/write. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 14 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Timekeeping – Seconds D7 0 02h D6 10 sec.2 D5 10 sec.1 D4 10 sec.0 D3 Seconds.3 D2 Seconds.2 D1 Seconds.1 D0 Seconds.0 Contains the BCD value of seconds. Lower nibble contains the lower digit and operates from 0 to 9; upper nibble contains the upper digit and operates from 0 to 5. The range for the register is 0 -59. Battery-backed, read/write. 01h OSC/Control D7 OSCEN D6 CALS D5 CAL5 D4 CAL4 D3 CAL3 D2 CAL2 D1 CAL1 D0 CAL0 /OSCEN CALS CAL.5-0 /Oscillator Enable. When set to 1, the oscillator is halted. When set to 0, the oscillator runs. Disabling the oscillator can save battery power during storage. On a power-up without battery, this bit is set to 1. Battery-backed, read/write. Calibration sign. Determines if the calibration adjustment is applied as an addition to or as a subtraction from the time-base. Calibration is explained on page 8. This bit is factory programmed. Nonvolatile, read/write. These six bits control the calibration of the clock. These bits are factory programmed. Nonvolatile, read/write. 00h Flags/Control D7 Reserved D6 CF D5 Reserved D4 Reserved D3 Reserved D2 CAL D1 W D0 R Reserved CF CAL W R Reserved bits. Do not use. Should remain set to 0. Century Overflow Flag. This bit is set to a 1 when the values in the years register overflows from 99 to 00. This indicates a new century, such as going from 1999 to 2000 or 2099 to 2100. The user should record the new century information as needed. This bit is cleared to 0 when the Flag register is read. It is read -only for the user. Battery-backed. When set to 1, the CAL/PFO pin gives a 512 Hz square-wave output for clock audit. When CAL bit set to 0, the clock operates normally, and the CAL/PFO pin is controlled by the power fail comparator. The CAL bit must be cleared to enable temperature compensation. Temperature compensation is not applied to the 512Hz frequency on the CAL/PFO pin. Battery-backed, read/write. Write Time. Setting the W bit to 1 freezes the clock. The user can then write the timekeeping registers with updated values. Resetting the W bit to 0 causes the contents of the time regis ters to be transferred to the timekeeping counters and restarts the clock. Battery-backed, read/write. Read Time. Setting the R bit to 1 copies a static image of the timekeeping core and place it into the user registers. The user can then read them without concerns over changing values causing system errors. The R bit going from 0 to 1 causes the timekeeping capture, so the bit must be returned to 0 prior to reading again. Battery-backed, read/write. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 15 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Two-wire Interface The FM31T37x employs an industry standard two-wire bus that is familiar to many users. This product is unique since it incorporates two logical devices in one chip. Each logical device can be accessed individually. Although monolithic, it appears to the system software to be two separate products. One is a memory device. It has a Slave Address (Slave ID = 1010b) that operates the same as a stand-alone memory device. The second device is a real-time clock and processor companion which have a unique Slave Address (Slave ID = 1101b). By convention, any device that is sending data onto the bus is the transmitter while the target device for this data is the receiver. The device that is controlling the bus is the master. The master is responsible for generating the clock signal for all operations. Any device on the bus that is being controlled is a slave. The FM31T37x is always a slave device. The bus protocol is controlled by transition states in the SDA and SCL signals. There are four conditions: Start, Stop, Data bit, and Acknowledge. The figure below illustrates the signal conditions that specify the four states. Detailed timing diagrams are shown in the Electrical Specifications section. SCL SDA S top (Master) Start (Master) Figure 9. 7 6 0 Data bit Acknowledge (Transmitter) (Receiver) Data bits (Transmitter) Data Transfer Protocol Start Condition A Start condition is indicated when the bus master drives SDA from high to low while the SCL signal is high. All read and write transactions begin with a Start condition. An operation in progress can be aborted by asserting a Start condition at any time. Aborting an operation using the Start condition will ready the FM31T37x for a new operation. If the power supply drops below the specified VTP during operation, any 2-wire transaction in progress will be aborted and the system must issue a Start condition prior to performing another operation. conditions described above, the SDA signal should not change while SCL is high. Acknowledge The Acknowledge (ACK) takes place after the 8th data bit has been transferred in any transaction. During this state the transmitter must release the SDA bus to allow the receiver to drive it. The receiver drives the SDA signal low to acknowledge receipt of the byte. If the receiver does not drive SDA low, the condition is a No-Acknowledge (NACK) and the operation is aborted. The receiver might NACK for two distinct reasons. First is that a byte transfer fails. In this case, the NACK ends the current operation so that the part can be addressed again. This allows the last byte to be recovered in the event of a communication error. Second and most common, the receiver does not send an ACK to deliberately terminate an operation. For example, during a read operation, the FM31T37x will continue to place data onto the bus as long as the receiver sends ACKs (and clocks). When a read operation is complete and no more data is needed, the receiver must NACK the last byte. If the receiver ACKs the last byte, this will cause the FM31T37x to Stop Condition A Stop condition is indicated when the bus master drives SDA from low to high while the SCL signal is high. All operations must end with a Stop condition. If an operation is pending when a stop is asserted, the operation will be aborted. The master must have control of SDA (not a memory read) in order to assert a Stop condition. Data/Address Transfer All data transfers (including addresses) take place while the SCL signal is high. Except under the two Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 16 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G attempt to drive the bus on the next clock while the master is sending a new command such as a Stop. Slave Address The first byte that the FM31T37x expects after a Start condition is the slave address. As shown in figures below, the slave address contains the Slave ID, Device Select address, and a bit that specifies if the transaction is a read or a write. The FM31T37x has two Slave Addresses (Slave IDs) associated with two logical devices. To access the memory device, bits 7-4 should be set to 1010b. The other logical device within the FM31T37x is the real-time clock and companion. To access this device, bits 7-4 of the slave address should be set to 1101b. A bus transaction with this slave address will not affect the memory in any way. The figures below illustrate the two Slave Addresses. The Device Select bits allow multiple devices of the same type to reside on the 2-wire bus. The device select bits (bits 2-1) select one of four parts on a two-wire bus. They must match the corresponding value on the external address pins in order to select the device. Bit 0 is the read/write bit. A “1” indicates a read operation, and a “0” indicates a write operation. Slave ID Device Select The first is the MSB (upper byte). For a given density unused address bits are don‟t cares, but should be set to 0 to maintain upward compatibility. Following the MSB is the LSB (lower byte) which contains the remaining eight address bits. The address is latched internally. Each access causes the latched address to be incremented automatically. The current address is the value that is held in the latch, either a newly written value or the address following the last access. The current address will be held as long as VDD > VTP or until a new value is written. Accesses to the clock do not affect the current memory address. Reads always use the current address. A random read address can be loaded by beginning a write operation as explained below. After transmission of each data byte, just prior to the Acknowledge, the FM31T37x increments the internal address. This allows the next sequential byte to be accessed with no additional addressing externally. After the last address is reached, the address latch will roll over to 0000h. There is no limit to the number of bytes that can be accessed with a single read or write operation. Addressing Overview – RTC & Companion The RTC and Processor Companion operate in a similar manner to the memory, except that it uses only one byte of address. Addresses 00h to 18h correspond to special function registers. Attempting to load addresses above 18h is an illegal condition; the FM31 xxT37x will return a NACK and abort the 2-wire transaction. Data Transfer After the address information has been transmitted, data transfer between the bus master and the FM31T37x begins. For a read, the FM31T37x will place 8 data bits on the bus then wait for an ACK from the master. If the ACK occurs, the FM31T37x will transfer the next byte. If the ACK is not sent, the FM31T37x will end the read operation. For a write operation, the FM31T37x will accept 8 data bits from the master then send an Acknowledge. All data transfer occurs MSB (most significant bit) first. Memory Write Operation All memory writes begin with a Slave Address, then a memory address. The bus master indicates a write operation by setting the slave address LSB to a 0. After addressing, the bus master sends each byte of data to the memory and the memor y generates an Acknowledge condition. Any number of sequential bytes may be written. If the end of the address range 1 7 0 6 1 5 0 4 X 3 A1 2 A0 1 R/W 0 Figure 10. Slave ID Slave Address - Memory Device Select 1 7 1 6 0 5 1 4 X 3 A1 2 A0 1 R/W 0 Figure 11. Slave Address – Companion Addressing Overview – Memory After the FM31T37x acknowledges the Slave Address, the master can place the memory address on the bus for a write operation. The address requires two bytes. This is true for all members of the family. Therefore the 4Kb and 16Kb configurations will be addressed differently from stand alone serial memories but the entire family will be upwardly compatible with no software changes. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 17 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G is reached internally, the address counter will wrap to 0000h. Internally, the actual memory write occurs after the 8th data bit is transferred. It will be complete before the Acknowledge is sent. Therefore, if the user desires to abort a write without altering the memory contents, this should be done using a Start or Stop condition prior to the 8th data bit. The figures below illustrate a single- and multiple-writes to memory. By Master Start Address & Data Stop S Slave Address 0A Address MSB A Address LSB A Data Byte A P BBy FM31xxx y FM31T37x Acknowledge Figure 12. Start By Master Address & Data Single Byte Memory Write Stop S Slave Address 0A Address MSB A Address LSB A Data Byte A Data Byte A P By FM31xxx By FM31T37x Acknowledge Figure 13. Multiple Byte Memory Write Memory Read Operation There are two types of memory read operations. They are current address read and selective address read. In a current address read, the FM31T37x uses the internal address latch to supply the address. In a selective read, the user performs a procedure to first set the address to a specific value. Current Address & Sequential Read As mentioned above the FM31T37x uses an internal latch to supply the address for a read operation. A current address read uses the existing value in the address latch as a starting place for the read operation. The system reads from the address immediately following that of the last operation. To perform a current address read, the bus master supplies a slave address with the LSB set to 1. This indicates that a read operation is requested. After receiving the complete device address, the FM31T37x will begin shifting data out from the current address on the next clock. The current address is the value held in the internal address latch. Beginning with the current address, the bus master can read any number of bytes. Thus, a sequential read is simply a current address read with multiple byte transfers. After each byte the internal address counter will be incremented. Each time the bus master acknowledges a byte, this indicates that the FM31T37x should read out the next sequential byte. There are four ways to terminate a read operation. Failing to properly terminate the read will most likely create a bus contention as the FM31T37x attempts to read out additional data onto the bus. The four valid methods follow. 1. The bus master issues a NACK in the 9th clock cycle and a Stop in the 10th clock cycle. This is illustrated in the diagrams below and is preferred. The bus master issues a NACK in the 9th clock cycle and a Start in the 10th. The bus master issues a Stop in the 9th clock cycle. The bus master issues a Start in the 9th clock cycle. 2. 3. 4. If the internal address reaches the top of memory, it will wrap around to 0000h on the next read cycle. The figures below show the proper operation for current address reads. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 18 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Selective (Random) Read There is a simple technique that allows a user to select a random address location as the starting point for a read operation. This involves using the first three bytes of a write operation to set the internal address followed by subsequent read operations. To perform a selective read, the bus master sends out the slave address with the LSB set to 0. This specifies a write operation. According to the write protocol, the bus master then sends the address bytes that are loaded into the internal address latch. After the FM31T37x acknowledges the address, the bus master issues a Start condition. This simultaneously aborts the write operation and allows the read command to be issued with the slave address LSB set to a 1. The operation is now a read from the current address. Read operations are illustrated below. RTC /Companion Write Operation All RTC and Companion writes operate in a similar manner to memory writes. The distinction is that a different device ID is used and only one byte address is needed instead of two. Figure 16 illustrates a single byte write to this device. RTC/Companion Read Operation As with writes, a read operation begins with the Slave Address. To perform a register read, the bus master supplies a Slave Address with the LSB set to 1. This indicates that a read operation is requested. After receiving the complete Slave Address, the FM31T37x will begin shifting data out from the current register address on the next clock. Auto-increment operates for the special function registers as with the memory address. A current address read for the registers look exactly like the memory except that the device ID is different. The FM31T37x contains two separate address registers, one for the memory address and the other for the register address. This allows the contents of one address register to be modified without affecting the current address of the other register. For example, this would allow an interrupted read to the memory while still providing fast access to an RTC register. A subsequent memory read will then continue from the memory address where it previously left off, without requiring the load of a new memory address. However, a write sequence always requires an address to be supplied. By Master Start Address No Acknowledge Stop S Slave Address 1A Data Byte 1 P By FM31T37x By FM31xxx Acknowledge Data Figure 14. Current Address Memory Read By Master Start Address Acknowledge No Acknowledge Stop S Slave Address 1A Data Byte A Data Byte 1P By FM31xxx By FM31T37x Acknowledge Data Figure 15. Sequential Memory Read Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 19 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Start By Master Address Start Address No Acknowledge Stop S Slave Address 0A Address MSB A Address LSB A S Slave Address 1A Data Byte 1P By FM31xxx By FM31T37x Acknowledge Data Figure 16. Selective (Random) Memory Read By Master Start Address & Data Stop S Slave Address 0A000 Address A Data Byte A P By FM31T37x Acknowledge Figure 17. NOTE: Byte Register Write It is required that Register Address bits A7-A5 are cleared (zeroes). Addressing F-RAM Array in the FM31T37x Family The FM31T37x family includes 256Kb, 64Kb, 16Kb, and 4Kb memory densities. The following 2 -byte address field is shown for each density. Table 4. Part # Two-Byte Memory Address 1st Address Byte x x x x A14 x x x A13 x x x A12 A12 x x A11 A11 x x A10 A10 A10 x A9 A9 A9 x A8 A8 A8 A8 A7 A7 A7 A7 A6 A6 A6 A6 2nd Address Byte A5 A5 A5 A5 A4 A4 A4 A4 A3 A3 A3 A3 A2 A2 A2 A2 A1 A1 A1 A1 A0 A0 A0 A0 FM31T378 FM31T376 FM31T374 FM31T372 Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 20 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Electrical Specifications Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Description VDD Power Supply Voltage with respect to VSS VIN Voltage on any signal pin with respect to VSS VBAK TSTG TLEAD VESD Backup Supply Voltage Storage Temperature Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds) Electrostatic Discharge Voltage - Human Body Model (AEC-Q100-002 Rev. E) - Charged Device Model (AEC-Q100-011 Rev. B) - Machine Model (AEC-Q100-003 Rev. E) Package Moisture Sensitivity Level Ratings -1.0V to +7.0V -1.0V to +7.0V and VIN ≤ VDD+1.0V * -1.0V to +4.5V -55C to + 125C 260 C 2kV 1.25kV 100V MSL-1 * The “VIN < VDD+1.0V” restriction does not apply to the SCL and SDA inputs which do not employ a diode to V DD. Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only, and the functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings conditions for extended periods may affect device reliabil ity. DC Operating Conditions (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max VDD Main Power Supply 2.7 5.5 IDD VDD Supply Current @ SCL = 100 kHz 500 @ SCL = 400 kHz 900 @ SCL = 1 MHz 1500 ISB Standby Current For VDD < 5.5V 150 For VDD < 3.6V 120 VBAK RTC Backup Supply Voltage @ TA = +25ºC to +85ºC 1.55 3.75 @ TA = -40ºC to +25ºC 1.9 3.75 IBAK RTC Backup Supply Current @ TA = +25ºC, VBAK = 3.0V 1.4 @ TA = +85ºC, VBAK = 3.0V 2 .1 @ TA = +25ºC, VBAK = 2.0V 1.15 @ TA = +85ºC, VBAK = 2.0V 1.75 IBAKTC Trickle Charge Current with VBAK=0V Fast Charge Off (FC = 0) 50 120 Fast Charge On (FC = 1) 200 2500 VTP0 VDD Trip Point Voltage, VTP(1:0) = 00b 2.55 2.6 2.70 VTP1 VDD Trip Point Voltage, VTP(1:0) = 01b 2.80 2.9 3.00 VTP2 VDD Trip Point Voltage, VTP(1:0) = 10b 3.80 3.9 4.00 VTP3 VDD Trip Point Voltage, VTP(1:0) = 11b 4.25 4.4 4.50 VRST VDD for valid /RST @ IOL = 80 A at VOL 0 VBAK > VBAK min 1.6 VBAK < VBAK min ILI Input Leakage Current 1 ILO Output Leakage Current 1 VIL Input Low Voltage All inputs except those listed below -0.3 0.3 VDD CNT1-2 battery backed (VDD < 2.4V) -0.3 0.5 CNT1-2 (VDD > 2.4V) -0.3 0.8 continued Units V A A A A A V V V A A A A A A V V V V V V A A V V V » Notes 7 1 2 9 4 10 5 5 5 5 6 3 3 8 Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 21 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G DC Operating Conditions, continued (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Typ Max Units VIH Input High Voltage All inputs except those listed below 0.7 VDD VDD + 0.3 V PFI (comparator input) 3.75 V CNT1-2 battery backed (VDD < 2.4V) VBAK – 0.5 VBAK + 0.3 V CNT1-2 VDD > 2.4V 0.7 VDD VDD + 0.3 V VOL Output Low Voltage (IOL = 3 mA), 0.4 V FOUT, /INT, /RST VOH Output High Voltage (IOH = -2 mA) 2.4 V RRST Pull-up Resistance for /RST Inactive 50 400 K RIN Input Resistance (pulldown) A1-A0 for VIN = VIL max 20 K A1-A0 for VIN = VIH min 1 M VPFI Power Fail Input Reference Voltage 1.175 1.20 1.225 V VHYS Power Fail Input (PFI) Hysteresis (Rising) 100 mV Notes Notes 1. SCL toggling between VDD-0.3V and VSS, other inputs VSS or VDD-0.3V. 2. All inputs at VSS or VDD, static. Stop command issued. 3. VIN or VOUT = VSS to VDD. Does not apply to A0, A1, PFI, or /RST pins. 4. VBAK = 3.0V, VDD < 2.4V, oscillator running, CNT1-2 at Vss or VBAK. 5. /RST is asserted low when VDD < VTP. 6. The minimum VDD to guarantee the level of /RST remains a valid V OL level. 7. Full complete operation. Supervisory circuits, RTC, etc operate to lower voltages as specified. 8. Includes /RST input detection of external reset condition to trigger driving of /RST signal by FM31T37x. 9. The VBAK trickle charger automatically regulates the maximum voltage on this pin for capacitor backup applications. 10. VBAK will source current when trickle charge is enabled (VBC bit=1), V DD > VBAK, and VBAK < VBAK max. AC Parameters (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V, CL = 100 pF unless otherwise specified) Symbol Parameter Min Max Min Max Min Max fSCL SCL Clock Frequency 0 100 0 400 0 1000 tLOW Clock Low Period 4.7 1.3 0.6 tHIGH Clock High Period 4.0 0.6 0.4 tAA SCL Low to SDA Data Out Valid 3 0.9 0.55 tBUF tHD:STA tSU:STA tHD:DAT tSU:DAT tR tF tSU:STO tDH tSP Bus Free Before New Transmission Start Condition Hold Time Start Condition Setup for Repeated Start Data In Hold Time Data In Setup Time Input Rise Time Input Fall Time Stop Condition Setup Time Data Output Hold (from SCL @ VIL) Noise Suppression Time Constant on SCL, SDA 4.7 4.0 4.7 0 250 1000 300 4.0 0 50 0.6 0 50 1.3 0.6 0.6 0 100 300 300 0.25 0 50 0.5 0.25 0.25 0 100 300 100 Units kHz s s s s s s ns ns ns ns s ns ns Notes 1 1 All SCL specifications as well as start and stop conditions apply to both read and write operations. RTC Frequency Characteristics Symbol Parameter FOUT FOUT Clock Frequency Frequency Stability 0 C to +45 C Δf/f vs. Temperature -40 C to +85 C Min - Typ 32.768 Max ±3 ±5 Units kHz ppm ppm Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 22 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Data Retention (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V) Symbol Parameter TDR Data Retention Supervisor Timing (TA = -40 C to + 85 C, VDD = 2.7V to 5.5V) Symbol Parameter tRPU /RST Active (low) after VDD>VTP tINTP Pulse Width of /INT Active tRNR VDD < VTP noise immunity tVR VDD Rise Time tVF VDD Fall Time tWDP Pulse Width of /RST for Watchdog Reset tWDOG Timeout of Watchdog fCNT Frequency of Event Counters Notes 1 This parameter is characterized but not tested. 2 Slope measured at any point on VDD waveform. 3 tDOG is the programmed time in register 0Ah, V DD > VTP and tRPU satisfied. Min 10 Units Years Notes Min 100 100 10 50 100 100 tDOG 0 Max 200 200 25 200 2*tDOG 10 Units ms ms s s/V s/V ms ms MHz Notes 1 1,2 1,2 3 /RST Timing VDD VTP VRST t RNR t RPU RST /INT Pulse Width CNT1, CNT2 tINTP INT Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 23 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G AC Test Conditions Input Pulse Levels Input rise and fall times Input and output timing levels 0.1 VDD to 0.9 VDD 10 ns 0.5 VDD Equivalent AC Load Circuit 5.5V 1700  Diagram Notes All start and stop timing parameters apply to both read and write cycles. Clock specifications are identical for read and write cycles. Write timing parameters apply to slave address, word address, and write data bits. Functional relationships are illustrated in the relevant data sheet sections. These diagrams illustrate the timing parameters only. Read Bus Timing tR tF t HIGH t LOW t SP t SP Output 100 pF ` SCL t SU:STA tBUF 1/fSCL t HD:DAT t SU:DAT t DH SDA Start Stop Start tAA Acknowledge Write Bus Timing tHD:DAT SCL tSU:STO tHD:STA tSU:DAT tAA SDA Start Stop Start Acknowledge Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 24 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Mechanical Drawing 14-pin SOIC (JEDEC Standard) Recommended PCB Footprint 7.70 6.00 ±0.20 3.90 ±0.13 2.00 1.27 3.70 0.65 Pin 1 0.25 0.50 1.35 1.75 8.64 ±0.10 45 0.19 0.25 1.27 0.33 0.51 0.10 0.25 0.10 mm 0-8 0.40 1.27 Refer to JEDEC MS-012 for complete dimensions and notes. All dimensions in millimeters. SOIC Package Marking Scheme Legend: XXXXXX= part number, P= package type ( -G) LLLLLLL= lot code RIC=Ramtron Int‟l Corp, YY=year, WW=work week Example: FM31T378, “Green” SOIC package, Year 2010, Work Week 20 FM31T378-G A00003G RIC 1020 XXXXXXX-P LLLLLLL RIC YYWW Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 25 of 26 FM31T372/374/376/378-G Revision History Revision 1.0 1.1 Date 6/14/2010 4/18/2011 Summary Preliminary status. Documentation updates and clarifications. Changed IBAK limits. Rev. 1.1 Apr. 2011 Page 26 of 26