LLC Current-Resonant Off-Line Switching Control IC
SSC9522S
Data Sheet
Description
Package
The SSC9522S is a controller IC (SMZ* method) for
half-bridge resonant type power supply, incorporating a
floating drive circuit for the high-side power MOSFET
drive.
The product achieves high efficiency, low noise and
high cost-performance power supply systems with few
external components.
*SMZ; Soft-switched Multi-resonant Zero Current
switch (All switching periods work with soft switching
operation.)
SOP18
Features
● Absolute maximum rating of VCC pin is 35 V
● Minimum oscillation frequency is 28.3 kHz (typ.)
● Maximum oscillation frequency is 300 kHz (typ.)
ns
rN
ew
D
es
ig
Electrical Characteristics
Applications
Digital appliance
Office automation equipment
Industrial equipment
Communication equipment, etc
fo
●
●
●
●
en
de
d
● Built-in floating drive circuit for high-side power
MOSFET
● Soft Start Function
● Capacitive Mode Operation Detection Function
(Pulse-by-pulse)
● Automatic Dead Time Adjustment Function
● Brown-in and Brown-out Function
● Protections
High-side Driver UVLO Protection
External Latched Shutdown Function
Overcurrent Protection (OCP): Three steps protection
corresponding to overcurrent levels
Overload Protection (OLP): Latched shutdown
Overvoltage Protection (OVP): Latched shutdown
Thermal Shutdown (TSD): Latched shutdown
Not to Scale
R1
ec
o
BR1
VAC
m
m
Typical Application
C1
R2
R
R3
D1
R8
ot
RB(H) DS(H)
Q(H)
14
N
VB
VGH
REG
8
VS
SSC9522S
RB(L) DS(L)
U1
VGL
PC1
Q(L)
C51
Cv
RA(L)
RGS(L)
GND
4
RV
C2
FB
CSS
3
External
power supply
D51
11
2
C9
RGS(H)
15
VSEN
VCC
D2
T1
RA(H)
1
R4
C10
16
5
R5
R6
C4
PC1 C5
OC
6
COM
RC
RC
D52
9
10
CRV
7
C11
R7
C3
C6 C7
Ci
C8
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
ROCP
C12
1
SSC9522S
Contents
Description ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
Contents --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
1. Absolute Maximum Ratings----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3
2. Electrical Characteristics -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4
3. Block Diagram --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
4. Pin Configuration Definitions--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
ns
5. Typical Application --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7
es
ig
6. Physical Dimensions -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
7. Marking Diagram ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
de
d
fo
rN
ew
D
8. Operational Description --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
8.1 Resonant Circuit Operation ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
8.2 Startup Operation --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12
8.3 Soft Start Function -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
8.4 High-side Driver ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
8.5 Constant Output Voltage Control-------------------------------------------------------------- 13
8.6 Automatic Dead Time Adjustment Function ------------------------------------------------ 14
8.7 Capacitive Mode Operation Detection Function -------------------------------------------- 15
8.8 Brown-in and Brown-out Function ------------------------------------------------------------ 16
8.9 External Latched Shutdown Function -------------------------------------------------------- 17
8.10 Overcurrent Protection (OCP) ----------------------------------------------------------------- 17
8.11 Overload Protection (OLP)---------------------------------------------------------------------- 18
8.12 Overvoltage Protection (OVP) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 19
8.13 Thermal Shutdown (TSD) ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
m
en
9. Design Notes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
9.1 External Components ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19
9.2 PCB Trace Layout and Component Placement --------------------------------------------- 20
N
ot
R
ec
o
m
Important Notes ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
2
SSC9522S
1.
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Current polarities are defined as follows: current going into the IC (sinking) is positive current (+); and current
coming out of the IC (sourcing) is negative current (−).
Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25 °C.
Symbol
Conditions
Pin
Rating
Units
Characteristic
VSEN
1−4
− 0.3 to VREG
V
VCC Pin Voltage
VCC
2−4
− 0.3 to 35
V
FB Pin Voltage
VFB
3−4
− 0.3 to 10
V
CSS Pin Voltage
VCSS
5−4
− 0.3 to 12
V
OC Pin Voltage
VOC
6−4
− 6 to 6
V
RC Pin Voltage
VRC
7−4
− 6 to 6
V
REG Pin Source Current
IREG
8−4
− 20.0
mA
RV Pin Current
IRV
− 2 to 2
mA
− 100 to 100
mA
VGL Pin Voltage
Voltage between VB Pin and VS
Pin
VS Pin Voltage
VGL
11 − 4
− 0.3 to VREG + 0.3
V
VB−VS
14 − 15
− 0.3 to 15.0
V
15 − 4
− 1 to 600
V
16 − 4
VS − 0.3 to VB + 0.3
V
—
− 20 to 85
°C
—
− 40 to 125
°C
9−4
rN
Operating Ambient Temperature
TOP
Storage Temperature
Tstg
d
VGH
fo
VS
VGH Pin Voltage
es
ig
Pulse 40 ns
D
9−4
ew
DC
ns
VSEN Pin Voltage
°C
N
ot
R
ec
o
m
m
en
de
Tj
Junction Temperature
—
150
*The pin 14, pin 15 and pin 16, are guaranteed 1000 V of ESD withstand voltage (Human body model).
Other pins are guaranteed 2000V of ESD withstand voltage.
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
3
SSC9522S
2.
Electrical Characteristics
Current polarities are defined as follows: current going into the IC (sinking) is positive current (+); and current
coming out of the IC (sourcing) is negative current (−).
Unless otherwise specified, TA = 25 °C, VCC = 15 V.
Symbol
Conditions
Pin
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
Characteristic
Startup Circuit and Circuit Current
2−4
10.2
11.8
13.0
V
VCC(OFF)
2−4
8.8
9.8
10.9
V
Circuit Current in Operation
ICC(ON)
2−4
—
—
20.0
mA
Circuit Current in Non-operation
Circuit Current in Latched
Shutdown Operation
Soft Start
ICC(OFF)
VCC = 9 V
2−4
—
—
1.2
mA
ICC(L)
VCC = 11 V
2−4
—
—
CSS Pin Charge Current
ICSS(C)
5−4
−0.21
CSS Pin Reset Current
ICSS(R)
VCC = 9 V
5−4
VCSS(2)
VSEN = 3 V
VOC = 0 V
5−4
Minimum Oscillation Frequency
f(MIN)
VCC = 9 V
Maximum Oscillation Frequency
f(MAX)
IFB = − 2 mA
Maximum Dead Time
td(MAX)
VSEN = 3 V
Minimum Dead Time
td(MIN)
mA
−0.18
−0.15
mA
1.0
1.8
2.4
mA
0.50
0.59
0.68
V
26.2
28.3
31.2
kHz
265
300
335
kHz
1.90
2.45
3.00
μs
0.25
0.50
0.75
μs
5−4
70
105
130
Hz
ICONT(1)
3−4
−2.9
−2.5
−2.1
mA
ICONT(2)
3−4
−3.7
−3.1
−2.5
mA
8−4
9.9
10.5
11.1
V
VBUV(ON)
14 − 15
6.3
7.3
8.3
V
VBUV(OFF)
14 − 15
5.5
6.4
7.2
V
11 − 10
16 − 15
—
–515
—
mA
CSS Pin Threshold Voltage (2)
d
de
IFB = − 2 mA
en
Standby Operation
fCSS
R
ec
o
m
Feedback control
FB Pin Source Current at Burst
Mode Start
FB Pin Source Current at
Oscillation stop
Supply of Driver Circuit
m
Burst Oscillation frequency
VREG
IFB = – 3.5 mA
IFB = – 2 mA
ot
REF Pin Output Voltage
N
High-side Drive Circuit
High-side Driver Operation Start
Voltage
High-side Driver Operation Stop
Voltage
Drive Circuit
Source Current 1 of VGL Pin and
VGH Pin
(1)
IGLSOURCE1
IGHSOURCE1
11 − 10
16 − 15
11 − 10
16 − 15
11 − 10
16 − 15
11 − 10
16 − 15
fo
Oscillator
rN
VREG = 10.5V
VB = 10.5 V
VGL = 0 V
VGH = 0 V
D
ON / OFF
es
ig
1.2
ew
Operation Stop Voltage
(1)
ns
VCC(ON)
Operation Start Voltage
VCC(OFF) < VCC(ON)
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
4
SSC9522S
Characteristic
Symbol
Sink Current 1 of VGL Pin and
VGH Pin
IGLSINK1
IGHSINK1
Source Current 2 of VGL Pin and
VGH Pin
IGLSOURCE2
IGHSOURCE2
Sink Current 2 of VGL Pin and
VGH Pin
IGLSINK2
IGHSINK2
Conditions
VREG = 10.5V
VB = 10.5 V
VGL = 10.5 V
VGH = 10.5 V
VREG = 12 V
VB = 12 V
VGL = 10.5 V
VGH = 10.5 V
VREG = 12 V
VB = 12 V
VGL = 1.5 V
VGH = 1.5 V
Pin
Min.
Typ.
Max.
Unit
11 − 10
16 − 15
—
685
—
mA
11 − 10
16 − 15
–120
–85
–50
mA
11 − 10
16 − 15
70
113
160
mA
1−4
1.32
1.42
1−4
1.08
OC Pin Threshold Voltage (Low)
VOC(L)
OC Pin Threshold Voltage (High)
OC Pin Threshold Voltage
(High Speed)
VOC(H)
m
ec
o
CSS Pin Sink Current (High Speed)
ICSS(H)
ICSS(S)
es
ig
5.4
V
1.20
1.77
2.30
V
0.055
0.155
0.255
V
–0.255
–0.155
–0.055
V
2.15
2.35
2.55
V
–2.55
–2.35
–2.15
V
7−4
D
4.9
7−4
VCSS = 3 V
6−4
1.42
1.52
1.62
V
VCSS = 3 V
6−4
1.69
1.83
1.97
V
VCSS = 5 V
6−4
2.15
2.35
2.55
V
VCSS = 3 V
VOC = 1.65 V
VCSS = 3 V
VOC = 2 V
5−4
1.0
1.8
2.4
mA
5−4
12.0
20.0
28.0
mA
VRC = 2.8 V
5−4
11.0
18.3
25.0
mA
VFB = 5 V
3−4
−30.5
−25.5
−20.5
μA
en
m
ICSS(L)
CSS Pin Sink Current (Low)
CSS Pin Sink Current (High)
VOC(S)
3.8
rN
VRC(S)
V
fo
RC Pin Threshold Voltage
(High Speed)
1.24
9−4
d
VRC
V
1.16
9−4
de
Capacitive Mode Operation
Detection Voltage
1.52
ew
VSEN Pin Threshold Voltage (ON)
VSEN(ON)
VSEN Pin Threshold Voltage
VSEN(OFF)
(OFF)
Detection of Voltage Resonant
Voltage Resonant Detection
VRV(1)
Voltage (1)
Voltage Resonant Detection
VRV(2)
Voltage (2)
Detection of Current Resonant and OCP
ns
Brown-in / Brown-out Function
R
OLP Latch and External Latch
IFB
FB Pin Threshold Voltage
VFB
3−4
6.55
7.05
7.55
V
VCSS(1)
5−4
7.0
7.8
8.6
V
VCC(LA_OFF)
2−4
6.7
8.2
9.5
V
2−4
28.0
31.0
34.0
V
ot
FB Pin Source Current
N
CSS Pin Threshold Voltage (1)
Latched Circuit Release VCC
Voltage (2)
OVP and TSD
VCC Pin OVP Threshold Voltage
VCC(OVP)
Thermal Shutdown Temperature
Tj (TSD)
—
150
—
—
°C
θj−A
—
—
—
95
°C/W
Thermal Resistance
Thermal Resistance Junction to
Ambient
(2)
VSEN = 3 V
VCC(LA_OFF) < VCC(OFF)
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
5
SSC9522S
3.
Block Diagram
14 VB
VCC 2
UVLO
16 VGH
Level
shift
15 VS
High-side driver
GND 4
Input
sense
VSEN 1
es
ig
VCC
8 REG
Main logic
11 VGL
Frequency
control
Freq.
Max.
10 COM
RC detector
7 RC
RV detector
9 RV
OC detector
6 OC
en
de
d
fo
Soft-start/OC
Standby control
CSS 5
Dead time
rN
FB control
ew
D
OLP
FB 3
ns
Start/Stop
Reg/Bias
OVP/TSD/Latch
Pin Configuration Definitions
Name
VSEN
(NC) 17
2
VCC
VGH 16
3
FB
VS 15
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12, 13
14
15
16
17, 18
GND
CSS
OC
RC
REG
RV
COM
VGL
(NC)
VB
VS
VGH
(NC)
VSEN
(NC) 18
2
VCC
3
FB
4
GND
5
CSS
6
OC
(NC) 13
7
RC
(NC) 12
8
REG
VGL 11
9
RV
COM 10
ot
R
1
N
m
Number
1
ec
o
m
4.
VB 14
Function
AC input voltage detection signal input
Power supply voltage input for the IC, and Overvoltage
Protection (OVP) signal input
Feedback signal input for constant voltage control
signal, and Overload Protection (OLP) signal input
Ground for control part
Soft start capacitor connection
Overcurrent Protection (OCP) signal input
Resonant current detection signal input
Power supply output for high-side gate drive
Resonant voltage detection signal input
Ground for power part
Low-side gate drive output
−
Power supply input for high-side gate drive
Floating ground for high-side driver
High-side gate drive output
−
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
6
VAC
BR1
C1
R4
R3
C2
C3
4
2
1
8
REG
VSEN
C4
R5
3
FB
GND
VCC
R8
PC1 C5
R6
VB
6
RC
9
11
15
16
R7
10
RGS(H)
d
RGS(L)
Q(L)
Q(H)
Ci
Cv
D2
ROCP
C11
C10
ew
rN
fo
CRV
RA(L)
RB(L) DS(L)
RA(H)
RB(H) DS(H)
de
COM
C8
7
RV
VGL
VS
VGH
en
C6 C7
5
OC
m
CSS
U1
m
14
SSC9522S
ec
o
R
D1
External power supply
C9
ot
N
ns
es
ig
D
C12
T1
D52
D51
C51
PC1
5.
R2
R1
SSC9522S
Typical Application
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
7
SSC9522S
6.
Physical Dimensions
de
d
fo
rN
ew
D
es
ig
ns
● SOP18
NOTES:
m
m
en
● Dimension is in millimeters
● Pb-free (RoHS compliant)
Marking Diagram
ec
o
7.
18
R
SSC9522S
Part Number
N
ot
SKYMD
1
XXXX
Lot Number
Y is the last digit of the year (0 to 9)
M is the month (1 to 9,O,N or D)
D is a period of days
1 : 1st to 10th
2 : 11th to 20th
3 : 21st to 31st
Sanken Control Number
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
8
SSC9522S
8.
The frequency in which Ż becomes minimum value is
the resonant frequency, f0. The higher frequency area
than f0 is the inductance area, and the lower frequency
area than f0 is the capacitance area.
From Equation (3), f0 is as follows;
Operational Description
All of the parameter values used in these descriptions
are typical values, unless they are specified as minimum
or maximum. Current polarities are defined as follows:
current going into the IC (sinking) is positive current
(+); and current coming out of the IC (sourcing) is
negative current (−). Q(H) and Q(L) indicate a high-side
power MOSFET and a low-side power MOSFET
respectively. Ci, and CV indicate a current resonant
capacitor and a voltage resonant capacitor respectively.
Resonant Circuit Operation
D
C
The impedance of the circuit, Ż, is as the following
Equation.
(1)
m
(2)
m
1
�
2πfC
en
where, ω is angular frequency and ω = 2πf.
Ż = R + j �2πfL −
ec
o
When the frequency, f, changes, the impedance of
resonant circuit will change as shown in Figure 8-2
f0 =
1
ot
N
Frequency
Series resonant circuit
VDS(H)
VGH
Impedance of Resonant Circuit
ID(L)
In Equation (2), Ż becomes minimum value (= R) at
2πfL = 1/2πfC, and then ω is calculated by Equation
(3) .
√LC
LR
T1
IS1
VIN
Q(L)
1
(6)
ID(H)
Q(H)
f0
ω = 2πf =
(5)
2π�(LR + LP ) × Ci
R
Figure 8-2.
1
�
ωCi
Ż = R + j �ω(LR + LP ) −
where,
R: the equivalent resistance of load
LR: the inductance of the resonant inductor
LP: the inductance of the primary winding P
Ci: the capacitance of current resonant capacitor
Inductance area
R
Capacitance area
Impedance
From Equation (1), the impedance of current resonant
power supply is calculated by Equation (5). From
Equation (4), the resonant frequency, f0, is calculated by
Equation (6).
d
1
�
ωC
de
Ż = R + j �ωL −
rN
RLC Series Resonant Circuit
fo
Figure 8-1.
Figure 8-3 shows the circuit of a current resonant
power supply. The basic configuration of the current
resonant power supply is a half-bridge converter. The
switching device Q(H) and Q(L) are connected in series
with VIN. The series resonant circuit and the voltage
resonant capacitor CV are connected in parallel with Q(L).
The series resonant circuit is comprised of a resonant
inductor LR, a primary winding P of a transformer T1
and a current resonant capacitor Ci.
In the resonant transformer T1, the coupling between
primary winding and secondary winding is designed to
be poor so that the leakage inductance increases. By
using it as LR, the series resonant circuit can be down
sized. The dotted mark in T1 shows the winding polarity,
the secondary windings S1 and S2 are connected so that
the polarities are set to the same position shown in
Figure 8-3, and the winding numbers of each other are
equal.
ew
L
(4)
2π√LC
es
ig
Figure 8-1 shows a basic RLC series resonant circuit.
R
1
ns
8.1
f0 =
Cv
P
S1
LP
VGL
VDS(L)
VCi
ICi
(3)
VOUT
(+)
Figure 8-3.
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
S2
Ci
(−)
IS2
Current Resonant Power Supply Circuit
9
SSC9522S
VGH
VGL
VDS(H)
VDS(L)
es
ig
rN
IS1
fo
IS2
A
B
D
F
Q(H)
ID(H)
ON
LR
LP
VIN
S1
Q(L)
IS1
Cv
VCV
OFF
R
S2
Ci
ot
VCi
Figure 8-5.
Operation in Period A
N
1) Period A
When Q(H) is ON, energy is stored into the series
resonant circuit by ID(H) flowing through the resonant
circuit and the transformer as shown in Figure 8-5. At
the same time, the energy is transferred to the
secondary circuit. When the primary winding voltage
can not keep the secondary rectifier ON, the energy to
the secondary circuit is stopped.
E
C
Figure 8-4. The Basic Operation Waveforms of
Current Resonant Power Supply
en
m
VIN
ew
VCi
D
ICi
ec
o
m
ns
ID(L)
de
Figure 8-4 shows the basic operation waveform of
current resonant power supply (see Figure 8-3 about the
symbol in Figure 8-4). The current resonant waveforms
in normal operation are divided a period A to a period F.
The current resonant power supply operates in the each
period as follows.
In following description,
ID(H) is the current of Q(H),
ID(L) is the current of Q(L),
VF(H) is the forwerd voltage of Q(H),
VF(L) is the forwerd voltage of Q(L),
IL is the current of LR,
VIN is an input voltage,
VCi is Ci voltage, and
VCV is CV voltage.
VIN+VF(H)
ID(H)
d
In the current resonant power supply, Q(H) and Q(L) are
alternatively turned on and off. The on time and off time
of them are equal. There is a dead time between Q(H) on
period and Q(L) on period. During the dead time, both
Q(H) and Q(L) are in off status.
The current resonant power supply is controlled by
the frequency control. When the output voltage
decreases, the IC makes the switching frequency low so
that the output power is increased and the output voltage
is kept constant. This control must operate in the
inductance area (fSW > f0). Since the winding current is
delayed from the winding voltage in the inductance area,
the turn-on operation is ZCS (Zero Current Switching)
and the turn-off operation is ZVS (Zero Voltage
Switching). Thus, the switching loss of Q(H) and Q(L) is
nearly zero,
In the capacitance area (fSW < f0), the current resonant
power supply operates as follows. When the output
voltage decreases, the switching frequency is decreased,
and then the output power is more decreased. Thus, the
output voltage cannot be kept constant. Since the
winding current goes ahead of the winding voltage in the
capacitance area, the operation with hard switching
occurs in Q(H) and Q(L). Thus, the power loss increases.
This operation in the capacitance area is called the
capacitive mode operation. The current resonant power
supply must be operated without the capacitive mode
operation (refer to Section 8.7 about details of it).
2) Period B
After the secondary side current becomes zero, the
resonant current flows to the primary side only as
shown in Figure 8-6 and Ci is charged by it.
Q(H)
ID(H)
ON
LR
LP
VIN
S1
Q(L)
Cv
OFF
S2
Ci
Figure 8-6.
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
Operation in Period B
10
SSC9522S
3) Period C
Pireod C is the dead-time. Both Q(H) and Q(L) are in
off-state.
When Q(H) turns off, IL is flowed by the energy stored
in the series resonant circuit as shown in Figure 8-7,
and CV is discharged. When VCV decreases to VF(L),
−ID(L) flows through the body diode of Q(L) and VCV is
clamped to VF(L).
After that, Q(L) turns on. Since VDS(L) is nearly zero at
the point, Q(L) operates in ZVS and ZCS. Thus,
switching loss is nearly zero.
Q(H)
LR
OFF
LP
VIN
IL
Q(L)
Cv
VCV
OFF
-ID(L)
Ci
es
ig
Q(H)
LR
OFF
LP
VIN
D
ID(L)
5) Period E
After the secondary side current becomes zero, the
resonant current flows to the primary side only as
shown in Figure 8-9 and Ci is charged by it.
rN
ON
S2
fo
Operation in Period D
LR
OFF
LP
VIN
en
de
d
Q(H)
ID(L)
m
Q(L)
S1
Cv
ON
m
S2
ec
o
Ci
Figure 8-9.
R
7) After the Period F
Then, ID(H) flows and the operation returns to the
period A.
N
ot
The above operation is repeated, the energy is
transferred to the secondary side from the resonant
circuit.
IS2
Ci
VCi
Figure 8-8.
6) Period F
This pireod is the dead-time. Both Q(H) and Q(L) are in
off-state.
When Q(L) turns off, − IL is flowed by the energy
stored in the series resonant circuit as shown in Figure
8-10. CV is discharged. When VCV decreases to VIN +
VF(H), − ID(H) flows through body diode of Q(H) and
VCV is clamped to VIN + VF(H).
After that, Q(H) turns on. Since VDS(H) is nearly zero at
the point, Q(H) operates in ZVS and ZCS. Thus, the
switching loss is nearly zero.
S1
Cv
ew
Q(L)
Operation in Period C
ns
Figure 8-7.
4) Period D
When Q(L) turns on, ID(L) flows as shown in Figure 8-8
and the primary winding voltage of the transformer
adds VCi. At the same time, energy is transferred to
the secondary circuit. When the primary winding
voltage can not keep the secondary rectifier ON, the
energy to the secondary circuit is stopped.
Operation in Period E
Q(H)
-ID(H)
LR
OFF
LP
VIN
-IL
Q(L)
VCV
OFF
Cv
Ci
Figure 8-10.
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
Operation in Period F
11
SSC9522S
In startup operation, the IC starts a switching
operation when the IC satisfies all conditions below as
shown in Figure 8-14.
VCC pin voltage ≥ VCC(ON) = 11.8 V
VSEN pin voltage ≥ VSEN(ON) = 1.42 V
CSS pin voltage ≥ VCSS(2) = 0.59 V
Startup Operation
Figure 8-11 shows the VCC pin peripheral circuit
with Brown-in and Brown-out Function, Figure 8-12
shows the VCC pin peripheral circuit without Brown-in
and Brown-out Function (see Section 8.8 about
Brown-in and Brown-out Function).
The VCC pin is a power supply input pin for a control
circuit and is supplied from an external power supply. In
Figure 8-13, when the VCC pin increases to the
Operation Start Voltage, VCC(ON) = 11.8 V, the control
circuit starts operation. When the VCC pin decreases to
the Operation Stop Voltage, VCC(OFF) = 9.8 V, the control
circuit is stopped by Undervoltage Lockout (UVLO)
circuit, and returns to the state before startup.
VCC pin
voltage
VCC(ON)
VSEN pin
voltage
VSEN(ON)
ns
CSS pin
voltage
VCSS(2)
es
ig
8.2
VGL pin
voltage
R1
R2
U1
Figure 8-14.
R3
VCC 2
1
VSEN
CSS GND
rN
When the IC is supplied by the external power supply,
tST is calculated by Equation (7).
tST is the total startup time until the IC starts a
switching operation after VCC pin voltage reaches
VCC(ON).
4
C3
C6
de
Figure 8-11. VCC Pin Peripheral Circuit with
Brown-in and Brown-out Function
fo
C2
VCC 2
VSEN
m
1
m
U1
en
External power supply
C1
CSS GND
ec
o
5
4
C3
C6
R
C2
ot
Figure 8-12. VCC Pin Peripheral Circuit without
Brown-in and Brown-out Function
N
VCC（OFF）
t ST = t ST1 =
C6 × VCSS( 2 )
| I CSS( C ) |
(7)
where, VCSS(2) is 0.59 V and ICSS(C) is − 0.18 mA.
If C6 is 1 μF, tST becomes about 3.3 ms.
● Without Brown-in and Brown-out Function
In this case, tST is a value of adding tST1 calculated by
Equation (7) to tST2 calculated by Equation (8). The
period that until the VSEN pin voltage reaches to
VSEN(ON) = 1.42 V after the VCC pin voltage reaches
VCC(ON) is defined as tST2.
t ST 2 = C2 × 380k
Circuit current, ICC
Stop
● With Brown-in and Brown-out Function
d
5
R4
Startup Waveforms
ew
C1
time
D
External power supply
(8)
If C6 is 1 μF and C2 is 0.01 μF, tST1 becomes 3.3ms
and tST2 becomes about 3.8 ms.
Thus, tST is tST1 + tST2 = 7.1 ms.
Start
VCC（ON）
VCC pin
voltage
Figure 8-13. Relationship between
VCC Pin Voltage and ICC
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
12
SSC9522S
m
Soft start
peropd
m
C6 is charged by -0.18mA
ec
o
VCSS(2)=0.59V
Limited by
OCP
time
R
Primary
winding
current
time
N
ot
0A
Figure 8-15.
D
15
VGL
C9
Cv
Q(L)
Figure 8-16.
Bootstrap Circuit
Constant Output Voltage Control
Figure 8-17 shows the FB pin peripheral circuit. The
FB pin is sunk the feedback current by the photo-coupler,
PC1, connected to FB pin. As a result, since the
oscillation frequency is controlled by the FB pin, the
output voltage is controlled to constant voltage (in
inductance area).
When the FB pin current decreases to the FB Pin
Source current at Burst Mode Start, ICONT(1) = − 2.5 mA
or less at light load, the IC stops switching operation.
This operation reduces switching loss, and prevents the
increasing of the secondary output voltage. The
photo-coupler of the secondary side should be
considered about the secular change of CTR and its
current ability for control should be set ICONT(2) = − 3.7
mA (min.) or less. The recommend value of R6 is
560 Ω.
U1
Soft Start Operation Waveforms
FB
GND
3
8.4
Ci
COM 10
rN
U1
T1
11
GND
4
D2
Q(H)
VS
REG
8
de
en
About 5.5V
C10
VGH 16
High- side
Driver
d
OCP
operation Oscillation frequency is
period
controlled by feedback current
Bootstrap circuit
14
VB
8.5
CSS pin
voltage
R8
fo
● VCC pin voltage ≤ VCC(OFF)= 9.8 V
● VSEN pin voltage ≤ VSEN(OFF)= 1.16 V
● When the latched shutdown is operated by External
Latched Shutdown Function or some protection (OVP,
OLP and TSD)
D1
es
ig
Figure 8-15 shows the waveform of the CSS pin in the
startup operation.
The IC has Soft Start Function to reduce stress of
peripheral component and prevent the capacitive mode
operation. During the soft start operation, C6 connected
to the CSS pin is charged by the CSS Pin Charge
Current, ICSS(C) = − 0.18 mA. The oscillation frequency is
varied by the CSS pin voltage. The oscillation frequency
becomes gradually low with the increasing CSS pin
voltage. At same time, output power increases. When
the output voltage increases, the IC is operated with an
oscillation frequency controlled by feedback.
If the overcurrent protection activates as soon as the
IC starts and the CSS pin voltage is under the CSS Pin
Threshold Voltage (2), VCSS(2) = 0.59 V, the IC stops
switching operation. Since the period of the high peak
current of primary windings becomes short, the stress of
peripheral components is reduced.
When the IC becomes any of the following conditions,
C6 is discharged by the CSS Pin Reset Current,
ICSS(R) = 1.8 mA.
ns
When the voltage of between the VB pin and the VS
pin, VB-S, increases to VBUV(ON) = 7.3 V or more, an
internal high-side drive circuit starts operation. When
VB-S decreases to VBUV(OFF) = 6.4 V or less, its drive
circuit stops operation.
In case the both ends of C10 are short, the IC is
protected by VBUV(OFF).
D1 should use a fast recovery diode that is short
recovery time and low leakage current. AG01A
(Vrm = 600 V, Sanken product) is recommended when
the maximum input voltage is 265V AC.
C10 should use film or ceramic capacitor that is the
low ESR and the low leakage current.
Soft Start Function
ew
8.3
4
High-side Driver
Figure 8-16 shows a bootstrap circuit. The bootstrap
circuit is for driving to Q(H) and is made by D1, R8 and
C10 between the REG pin and the VS pin.
When Q(H) is OFF state and Q(L) is ON state, the VS
pin voltage becomes about ground level and C10 is
charged from the REG pin.
C5
Figure 8-17.
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
R5
R6
C4
PC1
FB Pin Peripheral Circuit
13
SSC9522S
VIN
Automatic Dead Time Adjustment
Function
Q(H)
Dead time detection
Reg
VGH
16
SW2
As shown in Figure 8-18, if the dead time is shorter
than the voltage resonant period, the power MOSFET is
turned on and off during the voltage resonant operation.
In this case, the power MOSFET turned on and off in
hard switching operation, and the switching loss
increases. The Automatic Dead Time Adjustment
Function is the function that the ZVS (Zero Voltage
Switching) operation of Q(H) and Q(L) is controlled
automatically by the voltage resonant period detection of
IC. The voltage resonant period is varied by the power
supply specifications (input voltage and output power,
etc.). However, the power supply with this function is
unnecessary to adjust the dead time for each power
supply specification.
VS
Q(L)
Logic
VGL 11
Cv
VCV
Ci
SW1
COM
RV
10
RC
CRV
Figure 8-19.
ns
9
U1
RV Pin Peripheral Circuit and Dead Time
Detection Circuit
dt
Q(L) drain to
source voltage,
VDS(L)
dt
D
VGL
T1
15
es
ig
8.6
ew
dv
VGH
Dead time
Differential
current,Δi
rN
Q(H) D-S voltage,
VDS(H)
time
time
fo
Loss increase by hard
switching operation
de
ZVS Failure Operation Waveform
en
Figure 8-18.
d
Voltage resonant period
N
ot
R
ec
o
m
m
Figure 8-19 shows the RV pin peripheral circuit and
the internal dead time detection circuit. The external
components for this function is only high-voltage
ceramic capacitor, CRV, connected between the VS pin
and the RV pin. The value of CRV is about 5 pF.
The RV pin voltage is the divided voltage by resistors
between the internal reference voltage, Reg, and the
GND pin. When the drain to source voltage of Q(L),
VDS(L), increases, the differential current, Δi, flows
through CRV (refer to Figure 8-20). The dv/dt when
VDS(L) increases is detected by Δi input to the RV pin.
Since SW1 and SW2 turn on necessary period, the IC
circuit current reduction and the differential circuit
response improvement are achieved.
Δi is calculated by Equation (9). The CRV should be
adjusted in all condition including transient state so that
Δi satisfies Equation (10).
If Δi is large, the capacitance of CRV is adjusted small.
When dt is under 40 ns, Δi is ± 100 mA.
dv
Δi＝C RV ×
dt
Δi ≤
100 (mA) × 40 (ns)
dt
(9)
(10)
Figure 8-20.
Differential Current Waveforms
Figure 8-21 shows the operating waveform of the
Automatic Dead Time Adjustment Function. When Q(L)
and Q(H) turn off, this function operates as follows:
● Q(L) Turns Off
After Q(L) turns off, SW2 is turned on while SW1 is
kept on state. The resonant current flows through CV,
Ci and T1 (refer to Figure 8-19) and the CV voltage,
VCV, increases from 0 V. When VCV becomes
Equation (11), the resonant current flows through the
body diode of Q(H) and VCV is clamped VIN + VF(H).
The period that until VCV is clamped after VCV starts
to increase is defined as the voltage resonant period.
VCV ≥ VIN + VF( H )
(11)
Where, VIN is input voltage and VF(H) is the forward
voltage of the body diode of Q(H)
In this time, the differential current, Δi, flows through
CRV. The RV pin voltage increases from the voltage
divided by internal resistors and becomes internal
clamped voltage. When the voltage resonant period
finishes and flowing Δi finishes, the RV pin voltage
starts to decrease. When the RV pin voltage becomes
the Voltage Resonant Detection Voltage (1),
VRV(1) = 4.9 V, Q(H) is turned on and SW1 is turned off.
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
14
SSC9522S
When the RV pin is inputted the signal of VRV(1) and
VRV(2), the IC is controlled ZVS (Zero Voltage
Switching) always by the Automatic Dead Time
Adjustment Function.
In minimum output power at maximum input voltage
and maximum output power at minimum input voltage,
the ZCS (Zero Current Switching) operation of IC (the
drain current flows through the body diode is about 1 μs
as shown in Figure 8-21), should be checked based on
actual operation in the application.
● Q(H) Turns Off
After Q(H) turns off, SW1 is turned on while SW2 is
kept on state. The resonant current flows through CV,
Ci and T1 (refer to Figure 8-19) and the CV voltage,
VCV, decrease from the input voltage, VIN.
When VCV becomes Equation (12), the resonant
current flows through the body diode of Q(L) and VCV
is clamped − VF(L). The period that until VCV is
clamped after VCV starts to decrease is defined as the
voltage resonant period.
(12)
The resonant power supply is operated in the
inductance area shown in Figure 8-22. In the capacitance
area, the power supply becomes the capacitive mode
operation (refer to Section 8.1). In order to prevent the
operation, the minimum oscillation frequency is needed
to be set higher than f0 on each power supply
specification.
However, the IC has the capacitive mode operation
Detection Function kept the frequency higher than f0.
Thus, the minimum oscillation frequency setting is
unnecessary and the power supply design is easier. In
addition, the ability of transformer is improved because
the operating frequency can operate close to the resonant
frequency, f0.
The RC pin detects the resonant current, and the
capacitive mode operation is prevented. The Capacitive
Mode Operation Detection Function operations as
follows:
en
de
d
fo
rN
ew
D
Where, VF(L) is the forward voltage of the body diode
of Q(L).
In this time, the differential current, Δi, flows through
CRV. The RV pin voltage decreases from the voltage
divided by internal resistors and becomes about the
ground voltage. When the voltage resonant period
finishes and flowing Δi finishes, the RV pin voltage
starts to increase. When the RV pin voltage becomes
the Voltage Resonant Detection Voltage (2),
VRV(2) = 1.77 V, Q(L) is turned on and SW2 is turned
off. The period until SW2 is turned off after SW1 is
turned on is defined as the automatically adjusted
dead time.
Capacitive Mode Operation Detection
Function
es
ig
VCV ≤ −VF( L )
8.7
ns
The period that until SW1 is turned off after SW2 is
turned on is defined as the automatically adjusted
dead time.
Automatically adjusted dead time
ON
ON
R
OFF
Voltage
resonant
period
Voltage
resonant
period
Inductance area
Operating area
f0
Resonant fresuency
Hard switching
Sift switching
N
ot
Q(L) drain to source
voltage, VDS(L)=VCV
Capacitance area
Impedance
Q(H) drain to source
voltage, VDS(H)
ON
OFF
ec
o
SW2
m
OFF
m
SW1
RV pin voltage
VRV(1)
VRV(2)
Uncontrollable operation
Q(H) drain current,
ID(H)
Figure 8-22.
Flows through body diode
about 1μs
Operating Area of Resonant Power
Supply
Figure 8-21. Automatic Dead Time Adjustment
Function Operating Waveforms
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
15
SSC9522S
● Period in which the Q(H) is ON
Figure 8-23 shows the RC pin waveform in the
inductance area, and Figure 8-24 shows the RC pin
waveform in the capacitance area.
In the inductance area, the RC pin voltage doesn’t
cross VRC = + 0.155 V in the downward direction
during the on period of Q(H) as shown in Figure 8-23.
On the contrary, in the capacitance area, the RC pin
voltage crosses VRC = + 0.155 V in the downward
direction. At this point, the capacitive mode operation
is detected. Thus, Q(H) is turned off, and Q(L) is turned
on, as shown in Figure 8-24.
off, output short and dynamically output power
changing). In addition, the RC pin voltage should be
within the absolute maximum voltage ± 6 V.
Since ROCP and C11 are used by Overcurrent
Protection (OCP), these values should take account of
OCP. If the RC pin voltage becomes more than the RC
pin threshold voltage (High speed), VRC(S) = 2.35 V, or
less than VRC(S) = – 2.35 V, OCP becomes active (refer
to Section 8.9).
ec
o
OFF
ON
R
RC pin
voltage
VRC+
Capacitive mode
operation detection
N
ot
0
Figure 8-24.
C12
R11
ew
C14
Figure 8-25.
ROCP
RC pin peripheral circuit
fo
m
RC Pin Voltage in Inductance Area
0
C13
ID(L)
Brown-in and Brown-out Function
When the input voltage decreases, the switching
operation of the IC is stopped by Brown-in and
Brown-out Function. This function prevents excessive
input current and overheats.
The detection voltage of Brown-in and Brown-out
Function is set by R1 to R4 shown in Figure 8-26. When
the VCC pin voltage is higher than VCC(ON), this function
operates depending on the VSEN pin voltage as follows:
d
m
en
0
VDS(H)
T1
Ci
10
rN
C8
de
VRC+
Figure 8-23.
Cv
D
RC COM
GND CSS OC RC
4 5 6 7
11
es
ig
VGL
8.8
ON
RC pin
voltage
15
ID(H)
As above, since the capacitive mode operation is
detected by pulse-by-pulse and the operating
frequency is synchronized with the frequency of the
capacitive mode operation, and the capacitive mode
operation is prevented.
OFF
16
ns
VS
● Period in which the Q(L) is On
Contrary to the above of Q(H), in the capacitance area,
the RC pin voltage crosses VRC = – 0.155 V in the
upward directiont during the on period of Q(L). At
this point, the capacitive mode operation is detected.
Thus, Q(L) is turned off and Q(H) is turned on.
VDS(H)
VGH
U1
RC Pin Voltage in Capacitance Area
In order to quicken detection speed of the capacitive
mode operation, the RC pin is connected before the filter
circuit of the OC pin as shown in Figure 8-25. C8 is for
preventing malfunction caused by noise. The value of
C8 is about 100 pF.
The value of ROCP and C11 should be adjusted so that
the RC pin voltage reaches to VRC = ± 0.155 V in the
condition that the IC operation becomes the capacitive
mode operation easily (startup operation, input voltage
● When the VSEN pin voltage is more than VSEN
(ON) = 1.42 V, the IC starts.
● When the VSEN pin voltage is less than VSEN
(OFF) = 1.16 V, the IC stops switching operation.
Given, the DC input voltage when the IC starts as
VIN(ON), the DC input voltage when the switching
operation of the IC stops as VIN(OFF). VIN(ON) is calculated
by Equation (13). VIN(OFF) is calculated by Equation (14).
Thus, the relationship between VIN(ON) and VIN(OFF) is
Equation (15).
VIN(ON) ≒ VSEN ( ON ) ×
(R1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4)
R4
VIN(OFF) ≒ VSEN ( OFF) ×
VIN(OFF) ≒
V SEN ( OFF)
SSC9522S - DSE Rev.1.4
SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD.
Jan. 17, 2017
http://www.sanken-ele.co.jp/en
© SANKEN ELECTRIC CO.,LTD. 2010
VSEN ( ON )
(R1 + R 2 + R 3 + R 4)
× VIN(ON)
R4
(13)
(14)
(15)
16
SSC9522S
The detection resistance is calculated from Equation
(13) as follows:
R1 + R 2 + R 3 ≒
VIN(ON) − VSEN ( ON )
VSEN ( ON )
× R4
U1
(16)
Figure 8-27.
● Select a resistor designed against electromigration
according to the requirement of the application, or
● Use a combination of resistors in series for that to
reduce each applied voltage
ns
When Overcurrent Protection (OCP) is activated, the
output power is limited by detecting the drain current of
the power MOSFET at pulse-by-pulse.
The overcurrent is detected by the OC pin or the RC
pin. Figure 8-28 shows the peripheral circuit of the OC
pin and the RC pin.
C11 is the bypass capacitor. Since C11 is smaller than
Ci, the detection current of ROCP becomes low. Thus, the
ROCP can reduce loss and be small resistor.
R2
en
4 GND
es
ig
D
ew
T1
15
U1
ID(H)
Q(L)
VGL
GND CSS OC RCRC COM
6
7
4
5
11
10
Cv
Ci
C11
R7
VSEN Pin Peripheral Circuit
ec
o
8.9
16
VSEN
m
Figure 8-26.
C2
VS
m
R4
1
de
R3
Q(H)
VGH
d
C1
rN
fo
U1
CSS pin peripheral circuit example
8.10 Overcurrent Protection (OCP)
C2 shown in Figure 8-26 is for reducing ripple
voltage of detection voltage and making delay time. The
value of C2 is about 0.1 μF.
The value of R1 to R4 and C2 should be selected
based on actual operation in the application.
When the Brown-in and Brown-out Function does not
be used, the detection resistance (R1, R2, R3, and R4) is
removed. C2 is for preventing malfunction caused by
noise. The value of C2 is about 0.01 μF.
R1
External
circuit
VCSS(1) ≤ VCSS
工商网监
湘ICP备2023018690号
