LM2904H, LM2904AH
Datasheet
Low-power, dual operational amplifier
Features
TSSOP8
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Frequency compensation implemented internally
Large DC voltage gain: 100 dB
Wide bandwidth (unity gain): 1.1 MHz (temperature compensated)
Very low supply current/amplifier, essentially independent of supply voltage
Low input bias current: 20 nA (temperature compensated)
Low input offset current: 2 nA
Input common-mode voltage range includes negative rail
Differential input voltage range equal to the power supply voltage
Large output voltage swing 0 V to ((VCC +) -1.5 V)
Description
This circuit consists of two independent, high gain operational amplifiers (op amps)
that have frequency compensation implemented internally. They are designed
specifically for automotive and industrial control systems. The circuit operates from a
single power supply over a wide range of voltages. The low power supply drain is
independent of the magnitude of the power supply voltage.
Maturity status link
LM2904H
LM2904AH
Application areas include transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks and all the
conventional op amp circuits which can now be more easily implemented in single
power supply systems. For example, these circuits can be directly supplied from the
standard 5 V which is used in logic systems and easily provides the required
interface electronics without requiring any additional power supply.
In the linear mode, the input common-mode voltage range includes ground and the
output voltage can also swing to ground, even though operated from a single power
supply.
Related products
LM2904WH
For enhanced ESD
performances
DS11290 - Rev 5 - October 2018
For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.
www.st.com
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Schematic diagram
1
Schematic diagram
Figure 1. Schematic diagram (1/2 LM2904AH)
VCC
6 µA
4 µA
100 µA
Q5
Q6
CC
Inverting
input
Q2
Q3
Q1
Q7
Q4
RSC
Non-inverting
input
Q11
Output
Q13
Q10
Q8
Q9
Q12
50 µA
GND
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 2/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Package pin connections
2
Package pin connections
Figure 2. TSSOP8 package pin connections (top view)
DS11290 - Rev 5
OUT1
VCC+
IN1-
OUT2
IN1+
IN2-
VCC-
IN2+
page 3/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
3
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions
Table 1. Absolute maximum ratings
Symbol
Parameter
VCC
Supply voltage
Vid
Differential input voltage (2)
Vin
Input voltage
Value
(1)
±16 or 32
±32
Infinite
Input current: Vin driven negative (4)
Tj
(duty cycle = 10 %, T = 1 s)
Storage temperature range
-65 to 150
160
Rthja
Thermal resistance junction to ambient (6)
120
Rthjc
Thermal resistance junction to case (6)
37
HBM: human body model (7)
300
MM: machine model
mA
0.4
Maximum junction temperature
ESD
s
5 mA in DC or 50 mA in AC
Input current: Vin driven positive above AMR value (5)
Tstg
V
-0.3 to 32
Output short-circuit duration (3)
Iin
Unit
(8)
200
CDM: charged device model (9)
1.5
°C
°C/W
V
kV
1. All voltage values, except differential voltage are with respect to network ground terminal.
2. Differential voltages are the non-inverting input terminal with respect to the inverting input terminal.
3. Short-circuits from the output to VCC can cause excessive heating if (Vcc+) > 15 V. The maximum output current is
approximately 40 mA, independent of the magnitude of VCC. Destructive dissipation can result from simultaneous shortcircuits on all amplifiers.
4. This input current only exists when the voltage at any of the input leads is driven negative. It is due to the collector-base
junction of the input PNP transistor becoming forward-biased and thereby acting as input diode clamp. In addition to this
diode action, there is NPN parasitic action on the IC chip. This transistor action can cause the output voltages of the op
amps to go to the VCC voltage level (or to ground for a large overdrive) for the time during which an input is driven negative.
This is not destructive and normal output is restored for input voltages above -0.3 V.
5. The junction base/substrate of the input PNP transistor polarized in reverse must be protected by a resistor in series with
the inputs to limit the input current to 400 µA max (R = (Vin-32 V)/400 µA).
6. Short-circuits can cause excessive heating and destructive dissipation. Values are typical.
7. Human body model: a 100 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged through a 1.5 kΩ resistor
between two pins of the device. This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations while the other pins are floating.
8. Machine model: a 200 pF capacitor is charged to the specified voltage, then discharged directly between two pins of the
device with no external series resistor (internal resistor < 5 Ω). This is done for all couples of connected pin combinations
while the other pins are floating.
9. Charged device model: all pins and the package are charged together to the specified voltage and then discharged directly
to the ground through only one pin. This is done for all pins.
Table 2. Operating conditions
Symbol
DS11290 - Rev 5
Parameter
VCC
Supply voltage
Vicm
Common-mode input voltage range
Toper
Operating free-air temperature range
Value
3 to 30
0 to (VCC +) - 1.5
-40 to 150
Unit
V
°C
page 4/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Electrical characteristics
4
Electrical characteristics
Table 3. VCC+ = 5 V, VCC- = ground, VO = 1.4 V, Tamb = 25 °C (unless otherwise specified), Tmin = -40 °C, and
Tmax = 150 °C
Symbol
Parameter
Min. Typ.
Input offset voltage, Tamb = 25 °C, LM2904AH (1)
Vio
1
Input offset voltage, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax LM2904AH (1)
Input offset voltage, Tamb = 25 °C, LM2904H
2
Iib
Avd
SVR
ICC
Vicm
CMR
Isource
Isink
VOH
VOL
Input offset current, Tamb = 25 °C
40
2
30
40
Input offset current drift
(2)
Input bias current, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
10
300
20
150
(2)
200
Large signal voltage gain, VCC+ = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, Vο = 1.4 V to 11.4 V, Tamb = 25 °C
50
Large signal voltage gain, VCC+ = 15 V, RL = 2 kΩ, Vο = 1.4 V to 11.4 V, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
25
Supply voltage rejection ratio (RS ≤ 10 kΩ), Tamb = 25 °C
65
Supply voltage rejection ratio (RS ≤ 10 kΩ),Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
65
Supply current, all amp, no load, Tamb = 25 °C, VCC+ = 5 V
100
Supply current, all amp, no load, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax, VCC+ = 30 V
1.2
2
(VCC+) 1.5
Input common mode voltage range (VCC + = 30 V), Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
0
(VCC+) - 2
Common-mode rejection ratio (RS = 10 kΩ), Tamb = 25 °C
70
Common-mode rejection ratio (RS = 10 kΩ), Tmin = Tamb = Tmax
60
Output short-circuit current, VCC + = 15 V, V o = 2 V, Vid = 1 V
20
40
Output sink current, VO = 2 V, VCC+ = 5 V
10
20
Output sink current, VO = 0.2 V, VCC+ = 15 V
12
50
High level output voltage (VCC + = 30 V), Tamb = 25 °C, RL = 2 kΩ
26
High level output voltage (VCC + = 30 V), Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
26
High level output voltage (VCC + = 30 V), Tamb = 25 °C, RL = 10 kΩ
27
High level output voltage (VCC + = 30 V), Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
27
Low level output voltage (RL = 10 kΩ), Tamb = 25 °C
85
GBP
Gain bandwidth product, f = 100 kHz, VCC + = 30 V, Vin = 10 mV, RL = 2 kΩ, CL = 100 pF
0.7
THD
Total harmonic distortion, f = 1 kHz, AV = 20 dB, RL = 2 kΩ, Vo = 2 Vpp, CL = 100 pF, VCC + = 30 V
DS11290 - Rev 5
60
nA
mA
V
mA
µA
V
20
20
0.2
pA/°C
28
Low level output voltage (RL = 10 kΩ), Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
Slew rate, VCC + = 15 V, Vin = 0.5 to 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, CL =100 pF, unity gain, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
nA
dB
27
5
0.3
µV/°C
dB
0
Input common mode voltage range (VCC + = 30 V), Tamb = 25 °C (3)
mV
V/mV
100
0.7
Slew rate, VCC + = 15 V, Vin = 0.5 to 3 V, RL = 2 kΩ, CL =100 pF, unity gain, Tamb = 25 °C
SR
7
Input offset current, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax
Input bias current, Tamb = 25 °C
7
9
ΔVio/ΔT Input offset voltage drift
ΔIio/ΔT
Unit
2
6
(1)
Input offset voltage, Tmin ≤ Tamb ≤ Tmax LM2904H (1)
Iio
Max.
0.6
mV
V/µs
1.1
MHz
0.02
%
page 5/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Electrical characteristics
Symbol
en
Parameter
Min. Typ.
Equivalent input noise voltage, f = 1 kHz, RS = 100 Ω, VCC + = 30 V
VO1/VO2 Channel separation, 1 kHz ≤ f ≤ 20 kHz (4)
Max.
Unit
55
nV/√ Hz
120
dB
1. VO = 1.4 V, RS = 0 Ω, 5 V < VCC + < 30 V, 0 V < Vic < (VCC +) - 1.5 V.
2. The direction of the input current is out of the IC. This current is essentially constant, independent of the
state of the output, so there is no change in the loading charge on the input lines.
3. The input common-mode voltage of either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more
than 0.3 V. The upper end of the common-mode voltage range is (VCC +) – 1.5 V, but either or both inputs
can go to 32 V without damage.
4. Due to the proximity of external components, ensure that the stray capacitance does not cause coupling
between these external parts. This can typically be detected at higher frequencies because this type of
capacitance increases.
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 6/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Electrical characteristic curves
5
Electrical characteristic curves
Figure 3. Open-loop frequency response
Figure 4. Large signal frequency response
140
20
10 M Ω
100k Ω
0.1µF
VCC
-
100
VI
VCC/2
80
VO
+
VCC = 30V &
-55°C Tamb
60
1k Ω
OUTPUT SWING (Vpp)
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
120
+125°C
40
20
VCC = +10 to + 15V &
-55°C Tamb +125°C
0
1.0
10
1 00
1k
15
10k
100k
1M
10
5
1k
10M
10k
100k
1M
FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 6. Current sinking output characteristics
10
4
RL 2 kΩ
VCC = +15V
3
OUTPUT VOLTAG E ( V)
OUTPUT
VO LTAG E (V)
2k Ω
+
+7V
0
Figure 5. Voltage follower large signal response
INPUT
VO LTAG E (V)
VO
VI
FREQUENCY (Hz)
2
1
0
3
2
1
0
10
20
TIME (µs)
DS11290 - Rev 5
+15V
-
30
40
VCC = +5V
VCC = + 15V
VCC = + 30V
1
v cc
v cc /2
-
0.1
IO
VO
+
Tamb = +25°C
0.01
0,001
0 ,01
0 ,1
1
10
1 00
OUTPUT SINK CURRENT (mA)
page 7/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Electrical characteristic curves
Figure 7. Voltage follower small signal response
Figure 8. Current sourcing output characteristics
TIME (µs)
Figure 9. Input current versus temperature
Figure 10. Current limiting
Figure 11. Input voltage range
Figure 12. Supply current
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 8/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Electrical characteristic curves
Figure 13. Voltage gain
Figure 14. Input current versus supply voltage
160
VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
R L = 20kΩ
120
R L = 2kΩ
80
40
0
10
20
30
40
P OS ITIVE S UP P LY VOLTAG E (V)
Figure 15. Gain bandwidth product
Figure 17. Common-mode rejection ratio
Figure 16. Power supply rejection ratio
Figure 18. Phase margin vs. capacitive load
Phase margin at Vcc = 15 V and Vicm = 7.5 V
vs. Iout and capacitive load value
Iout (µA)
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 9/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Typical single-supply applications
6
Typical single-supply applications
Figure 19. AC coupled inverting amplifier
Rf
100 kΩ
1/2
LM2904
eI ~
R2
100 kΩ
VCC
R1
100 kΩ
Rf
R1
(as shown AV = -10)
R1
10 kΩ
CI
AV= -
Figure 20. AC coupled non-inverting amplifier
Co
RB
6.2 kΩ
R3
100 kΩ
RL
10 kΩ
R3
1 MΩ
eI ~
2VPP
0
eo
RB
6.2 kΩ
RL
10 kΩ
R4
100 kΩ
VCC
C2
10 µF
Figure 21. Non-inverting DC gain
e1
R2
1 MΩ
eO
100 kΩ
e2
100 kΩ
e3
100 kΩ
0
e I (mV)
1/2
LM2904
R4
100 kΩ
1/2
LM2904
100 kΩ
Figure 24. Using symmetrical amplifiers to reduce input
current
I
eI
R3
100 kΩ
+V1
+V2
eO
eo = e1 + e2 - e3 - e4
where (e1 + e2) ≥ (e3 + e4)
to keep eo ≥ 0V
Figure 23. High input Z, DC differential amplifier
R2
100 kΩ
1/2
LM2904
100 kΩ
e4
R1
100 kΩ
100 kΩ
+5V
e O (V)
1/2
LM2904
R5
100 kΩ
Figure 22. DC summing amplifier
A V = 1 + R2
R1
(As shown A V = 101)
10 kΩ
IB
1/2
I
eo
I B LM2904
2N 929
0.001 µF
Vo
IB
If R1 = R5 and R3 = R4 = R6 = R7
eo = [ 1 + 2R1 ] (e2 - e1)
R2
As shown eo = 101 (e2 - e1)
IB
3 MΩ
1.5 MΩ
DS11290 - Rev 5
Co
1/2
LM2904
CI
C1
10 µF
R1
10 kΩ
A V= 1 + R2
R1
(as shown A V = 11)
C1
0.1 µF
2VPP
0
eo
R2
1 MΩ
IB
1/2
LM2904
Input current compensation
page 10/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Typical single-supply applications
Figure 25. Low drift peak detector
Figure 26. Active bandpass filter
R1
100 kΩ
IB
1/2
I B LM2904
1/2
LM2904
eI
C
1 µF
ZI
2N 929
2IB
R
1 MΩ
0.001 µF
R3
100 kΩ
IB
3R
3 MΩ
R5
470 kΩ
R4
10 MΩ
C2
IB
DS11290 - Rev 5
1/2
LM2904
R2
100 kΩ
+V1
Zo
2IB
C1
330 pF
eo
330 pF
1/2
LM2904
R6
470 kΩ
Vo
1/2
LM2904
VCC
1/2
LM2904
Input current
compensation
R7
100 kΩ
R8
100 kΩ
C3
10 µF
Fo = 1 kHz
Q = 50
Av = 100 (40 dB)
page 11/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Package information
7
Package information
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK®
packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK® specifications, grade definitions
and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK® is an ST trademark.
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 12/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
TSSOP8 package information
7.1
TSSOP8 package information
Figure 27. TSSOP8 package outline
aaa
Table 4. TSSOP8 mechanical data
Dimensions
Millimeters
Ref.
Min.
Typ.
A
Max.
Min.
Typ.
1.2
A1
0.05
A2
0.80
b
Max.
0.047
0.15
0.002
1.05
0.031
0.19
0.30
0.007
0.012
c
0.09
0.20
0.004
0.008
D
2.90
3.00
3.10
0.114
0.118
0.122
E
6.20
6.40
6.60
0.244
0.252
0.260
E1
4.30
4.40
4.50
0.169
0.173
0.177
8°
0°
0.75
0.018
e
DS11290 - Rev 5
Inches
1.00
0.65
k
0°
L
0.45
0.60
0.006
0.039
0.041
0.0256
8°
0.024
L1
1
0.039
aaa
0.1
0.004
0.030
page 13/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Ordering information
8
Ordering information
Table 5. Order codes
Order code
LM2904AHYPT
LM2904HYPT
Temperature range
Package
Packing
-40 °C to 150 °C
TSSOP8 (automotive grade level)
Tape and reel
(1)
(1)
Marking
LM4AH
2904H
1. Qualified and characterized according to AEC Q100 and Q003 or equivalent, advanced screening according
to AEC Q001 and Q002 or equivalent.
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 14/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Revision history
Table 6. Document revision history
Date
Revision
19-Oct-2015
1
Changes
Initial release
Updated datasheet layout
05-Nov-2015
2
Table 1: removed Toper parameter
Table 3: updated table title
16-Feb-2016
3
29-Feb-2016
4
15-Oct-2018
5
DS11290 - Rev 5
Datasheet status changed to "production data"
Table 3: unit of VOL parameter changed from “V” to ‘mV”
Updated product status footnote
Table 5: replaced footnote 1
Added new order code LM2904H in Table 5. Order codes and VIO parameter in
Section 4 Electrical characteristics
page 15/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
Contents
Contents
1
Schematic diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
2
Package pin connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3
Absolute maximum ratings and operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
4
Electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
5
Electrical characteristic curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
6
Typical single-supply applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
7
Package information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
7.1
8
TSSOP8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Ordering information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16
List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
List of figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 16/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Operating conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
VCC+ = 5 V, VCC- = ground, VO = 1.4 V, Tamb = 25 °C (unless otherwise specified), Tmin = -40 °C, and Tmax = 150 °C
................................................................................ 5
TSSOP8 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Document revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 17/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
DS11290 - Rev 5
Schematic diagram (1/2 LM2904AH) . . . . . . . . . . .
TSSOP8 package pin connections (top view) . . . . .
Open-loop frequency response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Large signal frequency response . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage follower large signal response . . . . . . . . . .
Current sinking output characteristics . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage follower small signal response. . . . . . . . . .
Current sourcing output characteristics . . . . . . . . .
Input current versus temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Current limiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input voltage range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Supply current . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Voltage gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Input current versus supply voltage . . . . . . . . . . . .
Gain bandwidth product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Power supply rejection ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Common-mode rejection ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Phase margin vs. capacitive load . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AC coupled inverting amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AC coupled non-inverting amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . .
Non-inverting DC gain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DC summing amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High input Z, DC differential amplifier. . . . . . . . . . .
Using symmetrical amplifiers to reduce input current
Low drift peak detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Active bandpass filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TSSOP8 package outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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page 18/19
LM2904H, LM2904AH
IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, enhancements, modifications, and improvements to ST
products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on ST products before placing orders. ST
products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgement.
Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or the design of
Purchasers’ products.
No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by ST herein.
Resale of ST products with provisions different from the information set forth herein shall void any warranty granted by ST for such product.
ST and the ST logo are trademarks of ST. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners.
Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document.
© 2018 STMicroelectronics – All rights reserved
DS11290 - Rev 5
page 19/19
