SPV1040TTR

SPV1040 Datasheet High efficiency solar battery charger with embedded MPPT Features • • • • • • • • • • 0.3 V to 5.5 V operating input voltage 140 mΩ internal synchronous rectifier 120 mΩ internal power active switch 100 kHz fixed PWM frequency Duty cycle controlled by MPPT algorithm Output voltage regulation, overcurrent and overtemperature protection Input source reverse polarity protection Built-in soft-start Up to 95% efficiency TSSOP8 package 3x4.4 mm Applications • • • • • • Product status link SPV1040 Product summary Order code SPV1040T Package TSSOP8 Packing Tube Order code SPV1040TR Package TSSOP8 Packing Tape and reel Product label Smart phones and GPS systems Wireless headsets Small appliances, sensors Portable media players Digital still cameras Toys and portable healthcare Description The SPV1040 device is a low power, low voltage, monolithic step-up converter with an input voltage range from 0.3 V to 5.5 V, capable of maximizing the energy generated by solar cells (or fuel cells), where low input voltage handling capability is extremely important. Thanks to the embedded MPPT algorithm, even under varying environmental conditions (such as irradiation, dirt, temperature) the SPV1040 offers maximum efficiency in terms of power harvested from the cells and transferred to the output. The device employs a voltage regulation loop, which fixes the charging battery voltage via a resistor divider. It is possible to set the maximum output current according to charging requirements by a sense resistor . The SPV1040 protects itself and other application devices by stopping the PWM switching if either the maximum current threshold (up to 1.8 Apk) is reached or the maximum temperature limit (up to 155 °C) is exceeded. An additional built-in feature of the SPV1040 is the input source reverse polarity protection, which prevents damage in case of reverse connection of the solar panel on the input. DS6991 - Rev 9 - February 2021 For further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office. www.st.com SPV1040 Block diagram 1 Block diagram Figure 1. Block diagram VOUT Lx START SI GNAL ZERO- CROSSI NG DETECTOR + VREF ANALOG BLOCK I CTRL_PLUS V MPP- REF OVERTEMPERATURE REVERSE POLARI TY MPP BLOCK - CONTROL DRI VERS I CTRL_MI NUS CLOCK MPP- SET + OVERCURRENT CLOCK Bur st Ref XSHUT BURST MODE PWM + DI GI TAL CORE - DAC CODE I out Reg Vin Reg Vo ut Reg GND V MPP- REF MPP- SET + - VCTRL VREF Figure 2. Simplified application circuit L Lx XSHUT VPV GND CIN MPP- SET RS VOUT I CTRL_PLUS I CTRL_MI NUS VBATT RF1 CF RF2 R1 COUT VCTRL R2 AM02612v1 In order to set up the application and simulate the related test results please go to www.st.com. DS6991 - Rev 9 page 2/16 SPV1040 Pin description 2 Pin description Table 1. Pin description Pin Name Type 1 MPP-SET I 2 GND Ground 3 LX I Booster inductor connection. 4 VOUT O Booster output voltage. 5 VCTRL I Inverting input of constant Voltage control loop. It cannot be left floating. 6 ICTRL_MINUS 7 ICTRL_PLUS I I Description Non-inverting input to sense the PV cell voltage. It cannot be left floating. Power ground reference. Inverting input of constant current control loop. Connect to GND if not used: cannot be left floating. Non-inverting input of constant current control loop. Connect to GND if not used: cannot be left floating. Shutdown input pin: XSHUT = low, the device in power off mode. 8 XSHUT I XSHUT = high, the device is enabled for operating mode. This pin cannot be left floating. Figure 3. Pin connection top view 1 MPP-SET XSHUT 8 2 GND ICTRL_PLUS 7 3 LX ICTRL_MINUS 6 4 VOUT VCTRL 5 AM02613v1 DS6991 - Rev 9 page 3/16 SPV1040 Electrical ratings 3 Electrical ratings Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings Symbol Parameter VOUT VOUT pin voltage range LX [-5.5, VOUT] VOUT-VLX Maximum voltage drop between VOUT and LX pins MPP-SET Analog input XSHUT [5.5] [-5.5, VOUT] Maximum voltage drop between VOUT and MPPT pins Analog input [5.5] V [-5.5, VOUT] VOUT-VXSHUT Maximum voltage drop between VOUT and X-SHUT pins ICTRL_PLUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT] ICTRL_MINUS Analog input [-0.3, VOUT] VCTRL Analog input [-0.3, VOUT] GND Unit [-0.3, 5.5] LX pin voltage range VOUT-VMPP-SET Value [5.5] Ground 0 Table 3. Thermal data Symbol Rthj-amb Note: DS6991 - Rev 9 Parameter Thermal resistance, junction-to-ambient Value Unit 135 °C/W Tjop Junction operating temperature -40 to 125 °C Tstg Storage temperature -40 to 150 °C RthJA has been measured on a 2-layer PCB: FR4, 35 μm Cu thickness, 2.8 cm2 page 4/16 SPV1040 Electrical characteristics 4 Electrical characteristics VMPP-SET = 0.5 V, VCTRL = Ictrl+ = Ictrl- = GND, XSHUT = 0.5 V, TJ = -40 °C to 125 °C, unless otherwise specified. Table 4. Electrical characteristics Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 0.4 0.45 0.50 V Input source section VMPP-SET Low boost voltage threshold VOUT = 3.3 V Iq Quiescent current ILOAD = 0 mA, VCTRL = 2 V, VOUT = 3.3 V 60 80 ISD Shutdown current VOUT = 3.3 V, VCTRL = 2 V, ILOAD = 0 mA, XSHUT = GND 0.7 5 Irev Reverse input source current VMPP-SET = -4 V, VOUT = 1.5 V 1 5 Undervoltage lockout threshold for turn ON @VOUT = 3.3 V VMPP-SET increasing 0.27 0.34 Undervoltage lockout threshold for turn OFF @VOUT = 3.3 V VMPP-SET decreasing VUVLO µA V 0.14 0.24 Power section RDS(on)-N N-channel power switch ON resistance RDS(on)-P P-channel synchronous rectifier ON resistance VCTRL = 2 V VMPPT-THR MPPT-mode threshold VOUT increasing, VMPP-SET = 1.5 V 1.7 VOUT Output voltage range VMPP-SET ≥ 1.5 V 2 POUT (2) Maximum output power VMPP-SET ≥ 1.5 V ILX Maximum inductor current peak 120 mΩ 140 Control section DS6991 - Rev 9 1.5 1.8 1.65 2 V 5.2 (1) V 3 W 1.8 A page 5/16 SPV1040 Electrical characteristics Symbol Parameter Test conditions Min. Typ. Max. Unit 70 100 130 kHz FPWM PWM signal frequency VREF Internal VCTRL reference voltage VOUT ≥ 1.8 V, VCTRL increasing 1.2 1.25 1.3 V VICTRL Sensing current offset ICTRL+ - ICTRLdecreasing 40 50 60 mV XSHUT logic low XSHUT increasing 0.27 0.34 XSHUT logic High XSHUT decreasing XSHUT V 0.14 0.24 Thermal shutdown Tshutdown Overtemperatur e threshold for turn OFF Temperature increasing Overtemperatur e threshold for turn ON Temperature decreasing 155 °C 130 1. According to the absolute maximum ratings the output charge voltage cannot be above 4.8 V but if a higher VOUT up to 5.2 V is needed, a Schottky diode must be placed between the Lx and VOUT pins as shown in Figure 1. In such way the Schottky diode in parallel to the embedded P-channel MOSFET reduces the voltage drop between the VLX pin and the VOUT pin determined by the body diode when the internal PMOS is OFF from 0.7 V down to 0.3 V. 2. Given Tj = Ta + RthJA x PD, and assuming RthJA = 135 °C/W, and that in order to avoid device destruction Tjmax must be ≤ 125 °C, and that in the worst conditions TA = 85 °C, the power dissipated inside the device is given by: PD ≤ TJ-TA/ RthJA=295 mW. Therefore, if in the worst case the efficiency is assumed to be 90%, then PIN-MAX = 3.3 W and POUT-MAX = 3 W. DS6991 - Rev 9 page 6/16 SPV1040 Typical characteristics 5 Typical characteristics Table 5. Typical Conversion Efficiency VIN[V] PIN[W] POUT/PIN[%] 1.50 0.25 to 2.0 80% to 90% 2.00 0.25 to 2.5 80% to 95% 2.50 0.25 to 3.0 80% to 95% Test conditions (ref to Figure 1): 10uH ≤ L ≤ 100uH (LDCR≤ 0.3Ω); RS = 0Ω; RF1, RF2 and CF unmounted; ICTRL+ = ICTRL-= GND Figure 4. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% DS6991 - Rev 9 Figure 5. VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68% page 7/16 SPV1040 Detailed description 6 Detailed description The SPV1040 is a monolithic, high efficiency, low voltage, self-powered DC-DC converter that operates over a 0.3 V to 5.5 V DC input voltage range and provides a single output voltage. The device provides regulated output voltage and current by sensing the VCTRL feedback of the external resistor divider and the voltage drop on the external sense resistor Rs, respectively. High efficiency is ensured by low power consumption in any working mode and by the embedded perturb and observe MPPT algorithm. The SPV1040 guarantees its own safety and application safety by stopping the N-channel power switch in case of overcurrent or overtemperature conditions. 6.1 Soft-start In order to guarantee the power-up even when VOUT is very low (battery completely discharged), a proper start-up strategy has been implemented. Taking into account that the device is powered by the VOUT voltage, If VOUT is lower than 0.8 V, the device moves from power off to soft-start mode and the current flows from the input to output through the intrinsic body diode of the synchronous rectifier. In this condition VOUT follows the LX voltage. The IC exits start-up mode when VOUT reaches 0.8 V. 6.2 Start-up mode When VOUT goes above 0.8 V but it is still lower than 2 V, a proper biasing of both MOSFETs is not guaranteed yet. In such conditions, the N-channel power switch is forced ON with a fixed duty cycle and the energy is transferred to the load via the intrinsic body diode of the P-channel synchronous switch. If the shutdown overcurrent limit is exceeded, the power switch is immediately turned OFF. The SPV1040 leaves start-up mode as soon as VOUT goes above 2 V. 6.3 MPPT mode Once the device has exited start-up mode, the SPV1040 enters MPPT mode to search for the maximum power point. The perturb and observe algorithm is based on monitoring either the voltage or the current supplied by the DC power source unit so that the PWM signal duty cycle is increased or decreased step-by-step according to the input power trend. Refer to Figure 6 , which illustrates the MPPT working principle. 6.4 Constant voltage regulation The constant voltage control loop consists of an internal voltage reference, an op-amp and an external resistor divider that senses the battery voltage and fixes the voltage regulation set-point at the value specified by the user. 6.5 Constant current regulation The constant current control loop consists of an op-amp and an external sense resistor that feeds the current sensing circuit with a voltage proportional to the DC output current. This resistor determines the current regulation set-point and must be adequately rated in terms of power dissipation. It provides the capability to fix the maximum output current to protect the battery. 6.6 Overcurrent protection (OVC) When the current that flows through the inductor reaches 1.8 A (overcurrent shutdown limit), the N-channel power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel synchronous rectifier is switched ON. Once the overcurrent condition has expired (the inductor current goes below 1.8 Apk) the N-channel power switch is turned back ON. 6.7 Overtemperature protection When the temperature sensed at silicon level reaches 155 °C (overtemperature shutdown limit), the N-channel power switch is immediately forced OFF and the P-channel synchronous rectifier is switched ON. The device becomes operative again as soon as the silicon temperature goes below 130 °C. DS6991 - Rev 9 page 8/16 SPV1040 Shutdown mode 6.8 Shutdown mode The XSHUT pin low shuts OFF all internal circuitry, achieving the lowest power consumption mode. 6.9 Undervoltage lockout In order to prevent batteries from over-discharging, the device turns OFF in case of MPPSET voltage is lower than 0.24 V (no irradiation). A hysteresis has been implemented to avoid unpredictable ON-OFF switching. 6.10 Reverse polarity In order to avoid damage to the device and battery discharge when the solar panel connection is reverse-inserted, a dedicated protection circuit has been implemented. In such condition, the SPV1040 stays OFF until the panel is inserted correctly. Figure 6. MPPT working principle 6.11 Burst mode When the output voltage reaches the battery charge voltage, the MPP-SET voltage drops below 450 mV, or the output current reaches the output maximum current limit, the duty cycle D drops down to 10% and the device evolves from operating mode to burst mode. The converter no longer works at constant frequency, but at frequencies gradually lower (1 TON over 1 PWM cycle, 1 TON over 2 PWM cycles, …,1 TON over 16 PWM cycles) prior to entering sleep-in mode. 6.12 Sleep-in mode Once sleep-in mode has been entered, no current is provided to the load. The device exits this mode once the cause, which forced it into this state, is no longer present. DS6991 - Rev 9 page 9/16 SPV1040 Package information 7 Package information In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK® specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: www.st.com. ECOPACK® is an ST trademark. 7.1 TSSOP8 package information Figure 7. TSSOP8 package outline Table 6. TSSOP8 package mechanical data Dim. mm Min. Typ. A DS6991 - Rev 9 Max. 1.20 A1 0.05 0.15 A2 0.80 b 0.19 0.30 c 0.09 0.20 D 2.90 3.00 3.10 E 6.20 6.40 6.60 E1 4.30 4.40 4.50 1.00 1.05 page 10/16 SPV1040 TSSOP8 packing information Dim. mm Min. e L Typ. 0.65 0.45 0.60 L1 1.00 L2 0.25 k Max. 0 aaa 0.75 8 0.10 Note: Dimensions D does not include mold flash or protrusions. Mold flash or protrusions do not exceed 0.15 mm per side. Dimension E1 does not include interlead flash or protrusions. Interlead flash or protrusions do not exceed 0.25 mm per side. 7.2 TSSOP8 packing information Figure 8. TSSOP8 carrier tape outline Figure 9. TSSOP8 reel outline DS6991 - Rev 9 page 11/16 SPV1040 Revision history Table 7. Document revision history Date DS6991 - Rev 9 Revision Changes 08-Oct-2010 1 First release. 06-Apr-2011 2 Updated the cover page, DFN8 information deleted, Chapter 3, Chapter 4 and Chapter 6. 04-Oct-2011 3 25-Jul-2012 4 Updated Figure 4, Figure 5, Figure 6, Figure 7, Figure 8, and Figure 9. 21-Mar-2013 5 Updated Figure 1 and note 1 in Table 5. 26-Sep-2016 6 Added Section 7.2 : "Packing information". 06-Feb-2017 7 Update TSSOP8 package information. 17-Jan-2020 8 Figures from 4 to 9 replaced by Table 5; minor text changes. 2-Feb-2021 9 Updated Table 1. Pin description and Table 2. Absolute maximum ratings – Updated Figure 1, Figure 2, Table 2 and Table 5 – Minor text changes. page 12/16 SPV1040 Contents Contents 1 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 2 Pin description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 3 Electrical ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 4 Electrical characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5 Typical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 6 Detailed description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8 7 6.1 Soft-start. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.2 Start-up mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.3 MPPT mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.4 Constant voltage regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.5 Constant current regulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.6 Overcurrent protection (OVC) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.7 Overtemperature protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 6.8 Shutdown mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.9 Undervoltage lockout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.10 Reverse polarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.11 Burst mode. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 6.12 Sleep-in mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Package information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10 7.1 TSSOP8 package information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 7.2 TSSOP8 packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12 Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 List of tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 List of figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 DS6991 - Rev 9 page 13/16 SPV1040 List of tables List of tables Table 1. Table 2. Table 3. Table 4. Table 5. Table 6. Table 7. Pin description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . Typical Conversion Efficiency . . . . TSSOP8 package mechanical data Document revision history . . . . . . . DS6991 - Rev 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . 4 . 4 . 5 . 7 10 12 page 14/16 SPV1040 List of figures List of figures Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Figure 8. Figure 9. DS6991 - Rev 9 Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simplified application circuit . . . . . Pin connection top view . . . . . . . . VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 39% . VLX and ILX waveforms - D = 68% . MPPT working principle . . . . . . . . TSSOP8 package outline . . . . . . . TSSOP8 carrier tape outline. . . . . TSSOP8 reel outline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . 2 . 3 . 7 . 7 . 9 10 11 11 page 15/16 SPV1040 IMPORTANT NOTICE – PLEASE READ CAREFULLY STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, enhancements, modifications, and improvements to ST products and/or to this document at any time without notice. Purchasers should obtain the latest relevant information on ST products before placing orders. ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale in place at the time of order acknowledgement. Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection, and use of ST products and ST assumes no liability for application assistance or the design of Purchasers’ products. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual property right is granted by ST herein. Resale of ST products with provisions different from the information set forth herein shall void any warranty granted by ST for such product. ST and the ST logo are trademarks of ST. For additional information about ST trademarks, please refer to www.st.com/trademarks. All other product or service names are the property of their respective owners. Information in this document supersedes and replaces information previously supplied in any prior versions of this document. © 2021 STMicroelectronics – All rights reserved DS6991 - Rev 9 page 16/16