TL431
Programmable Voltage Reference
■ ■ ■ ■
Adjustable output voltage: 2.5 to 36V Sink current capability: 1 to 100mA Typical output impedance: 0.22Ω 1% and 2% voltage precision Z TO92 (Plastic Package)
Description
The TL431 is a programmable shunt voltage reference with guaranteed temperature stability over the entire temperature range of operation. The output voltage may be set to any value between 2.5V and 36V with two external resistors. The TL431 operates with a wide current range from 1 to 100mA with a typical dynamic impedance of 0.22Ω. D SO-8 (Plastic Micropackage)
Order Codes
Part Number TL431CD/CDT SO-8 TL431ACD/ACDT 0, +70°C TL431CZ/CZT/CZ-AP TO92 TL431ACZ/ACZT/ACZ-AP TL431ID/IDT SO-8 TL431AID/AIDT TL431IZ/IZT/IZ-AP -40, + 105°C TL431AIZ/AIZT/AIZ-AP TL431IYD/IYDT SO-8 (automotive grade level) TL431AIYD/AIYDT 431AIY TO92 TL431AI 431IY Tube or Tape & Reel 431AI TL431I TL431AC 431I TL431C 431AC Temperature Range Package Packing Marking 431C
November 2005
Rev 2 1/13
www.st.com
13
Pin Diagrams
TL431
1
Pin Diagrams
Figure 1. TO92 pin connections (top view)
Cathode Anode Reference
1 2 3
Figure 2.
SO-8 pin connections (top view)
8 7 6 5
1 - Cathode 2 - Anode 3 - Anode 4 - N.C. 5 - N.C. 6 - Anode 7 - Anode 8 - Reference
1 2 3 4
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TL431
Absolute Maximum Ratings
2
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Table 1.
Symbol VKA Ik Iref Pd Tstg
Key parameters and their absolute maximum ratings
Parameter Cathode to Anode Voltage Continuous Cathode Current Range Reference Input Current Range Power Dissipation (1) TO92 SO-8 batwing Storage Temperature Range 625 960 -65 to +150 mW Value 37 -100 to +150 -0.05 to +10 Unit V mA mA
°C
1. Pd is calculated with Tamb = +25°C, Tj = +150°C and Rthja = 200°C/W for TO92 package Rthja = 130°C/W for SO-8 batwing package
Table 2.
Symbol VKA Ik Toper
Operating conditions
Parameter Cathode to Anode Voltage Cathode Current Operating Free-air Temperature Range TL431C/AC TL431I/AI 0 to +70 -40 to +105 °C Value Vref to 36 1 to 100 Unit V mA
3/13
Electrical Characteristics
TL431
3
Table 3.
Symbol
Electrical Characteristics
Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431C Parameter Min. Reference Input Voltage Vref VKA = Vref , Ik = 10 mA, Tamb = 25°C Tmin ≤Tamb ≤ Tmax Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over Temperature ∆Vref Range (1) VKA = Vref, Ik = 10 mA, Tmin ≤Tamb ≤ Tmax
∆ Vref -----------∆ Vka
TL431AC Unit Max. Min. Typ. Max.
Typ.
2.44 2.495 2.55 2.47 2.495 2.52 2.423 2.567 2.453 2.537
V
mV 3 17 3 15
Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage Ik = 10mA - ∆VKA = 10V to Vref ∆VKA = 36V to 10V Reference Input Current Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k Ω, R2 = ∞ Tamb = 25°C Tmin ≤Tamb ≤Tmax Reference Input Current Deviation Over Temperature Range Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 =∞ Tmin ≤Tamb ≤ Tmax Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation VKA = Vref Off-State Cathode Current Dynamic Impedance
(2)
-1.4 -1
-2.7 -2
-1.4 -1
-2.7 -2
mV/V
Iref
1.8
4 5.2
1.8
4 5.2
µA
∆Iref
µA 0.4 1.2 0.4 1.2 mA nA Ω
Imin Ioff ⏐ZKA⏐
0.5 2.6
1 1000
0.5 2.6
0.6 1000
VKA = Vref , ∆ Ik = 1 to100mA, f ≤1kHZ
0.22
0.5
0.22
0.5
1. ∆Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. ∆Vref = Vref max. - Vref min.
V ref max.
V ref min. T1 T2 Temperature
2. The dynamic Impedance is definied as |ZKA| =
∆ VKA ---------------∆ IK
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TL431
Table 4.
Symbol
Electrical Characteristics
Tamb = 25°C (unless otherwise specified)
TL431I Parameter Min. Reference Input Voltage Typ. Max. Min. Typ. Max. TL431AI Unit
Vref
VKA = V ref , Ik = 10 mA, T amb = 25°C Tmin ≤Tamb ≤ Tmax Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over Temperature Range (1) VKA = V ref , Ik =10 mA, Tmin ≤Tamb≤ Tmax Ratio of Change in Reference Input Voltage to Change in Cathode to Anode Voltage Ik = 10mA, ∆VKA = 10V to Vref ∆VKA = 36V to 10V Reference Input Current Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10kΩ, R2 = ∞ Tamb = 25°C Tmin ≤Tamb ≤Tmax Reference Input Current Deviation Over Temperature Range Ik = 10mA, R1 = 10k Ω, R2 =∞ Tmin ≤Tamb ≤ Tmax Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation VKA = V ref Off-State Cathode Current Dynamic Impedance (2) VKA = V ref , ∆ Ik = 1 to100mA, f ≤1kHZ
2.44 2.41
2.49 5
2.55 2.58
2.47 2.44
2.49 5
2.52 2.55
V
∆Vref
mV 7 30 7 30
∆ Vref -----------∆ Vka
-1.4 -1
-2.7 -2
-1.4 -1
-2.7 -2
mV/V
Iref
1.8
4 6.5
1.8
4 6.5
µA
∆Iref
µA 0.8 2.5 0.8 1.2 mA nA Ω
Imin Ioff ⏐ZKA⏐
0.5 2.6
1 1000
0.5 2.6
0.7 1000
0.22
0.5
0.22
0.5
1. ∆Vref is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values obtained over the full temperature range. ∆Vref = Vref max. - Vref min.
V ref max.
V ref min. T1 T2 Temperature
2. The dynamic Impedance is definied as |ZKA| =
∆ VKA ---------------∆ IK
5/13
Electrical Characteristics
Figure 3. Test circuit for VKA = VREF Figure 4.
Input
TL431
Test circuit for V KA = VREF
R IK R1 IREF VKA Output
Input
R IK=10mA
Output
VKA VREF
R2
VREF
R1 VKA = VREF ( 1 + ------- ) + R1 x IREF R2
Figure 5.
Test circuit for IOFF
Figure 6.
Test circuit for phase margin and voltage gain
VKA=36V IOFF
10µF IK=10mA
10µF
15kΩ 8.25kΩ
Output
Input
VREF
Figure 7.
Block diagram of TL1431
Figure 8.
Test circuit for response time
Cathode Vref + Vref Anode
1 mA 0 mA
IK=1mA
6/13
Output
TL431
Figure 9. Reference voltage vs. temp.
Electrical Characteristics
Figure 10. Reference voltage vs. cathode current
100
2.54
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
Cathode current IKA (mA)
2.52
VKA = VREF IK = 10 mA
75 50 25 0 -25 -50
TAMB=+25°C
2.50
2.48
2.46
2.44 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-1
0
1
2
3
Temperature (°C)
Cathode voltage VKA (V)
Figure 11. Reference voltage vs. cathode current Figure 12. Reference current vs. temp.
2
Reference current IREF (µA)
2.0 IK=10 mA R1=10kΩ R2= + ∝
Cathode current IKA (mA)
1
TAMB = +25°C
1.5
0
1.0
-1
0.5
-2 -1
0
1 Cathode voltage VKA (V)
2
3
0.0 − 40
− 20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature °C
Figure 13. Off-state cathode current vs. temp.
Figure 14. Ratio of change in VREF to change in VKA vs. temp.
2.0
0.0
Off-state current IOFF (µA)
1.5
∆VREF / ∆VKA (mV / V)
VKA = 36 V VREF = 0 V
-0.5
IK = 10 mA
1.0
-1.0
0.5
-1.5
0.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
-2.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
7/13
Electrical Characteristics
Figure 15. Static impedance RKA vs. temp.
TL431
Figure 16. Maximum operating current vs. temp.
0.30
Minimum cathode current IMIN (mA)
0.6
Static impedance RKA (Ω)
0.28 VKA=VREF TAMB=+25°C
0.4
0.26
0.24
0.2
VKA = VREF
0.22
0.20 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
0.0 -40
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
Temperature (°C)
Temperature (°C)
Figure 17. Gain & phase vs. frequency
Figure 18. Stability behaviour with capacitive loads
60 Gain 40 IK=10 mA See figure 4
200 150 100
100 VKA=VREF
Cathode current (mA)
80 VKA=5 V 60 VKA=12 V
Instable Area
Gain (dB)
20
Phase
50
Phase (°)
0 0 -50 -100 -20 -150 -40 1 10 100 Frequency (kHz) 1000 -200 10000
40
20
VKA=24 V
0 1E-10
1E-9
1E-8
1E-7
1E-6
1E-5
Capacitive load (Farad)
Figure 19. Maximum power dissipation
Figure 20. Pulse response for IK = 1mA
100 SO8 Batwing
Input and Output voltage (V)
6
TAMB= +25°C
Cathode current (mA)
Input
80
4 Output
60 TO92 40 Safe Area
VKA=VREF TAMB=+25°C
2
20
0
0
10
20 Cathode voltage (V)
30
0
2
4 Time (µs)
6
8
10
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TL431
Package Mechanical Data
4
Package Mechanical Data
In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in ECOPACK® packages. These packages have a Lead-free second level interconnect. The category of second level interconnect is marked on the package and on the inner box label, in compliance with JEDEC Standard JESD97. The maximum ratings related to soldering conditions are also marked on the inner box label. ECOPACK is an ST trademark. ECOPACK specifications are available at: www.st.com.
4.1
SO-8 Package
SO-8 MECHANICAL DATA
DIM. A A1 A2 B C D E e H h L k ddd 0.1 5.80 0.25 0.40 mm. MIN. 1.35 0.10 1.10 0.33 0.19 4.80 3.80 1.27 6.20 0.50 1.27 8˚ (max.) 0.04 0.228 0.010 0.016 TYP MAX. 1.75 0.25 1.65 0.51 0.25 5.00 4.00 MIN. 0.053 0.04 0.043 0.013 0.007 0.189 0.150 0.050 0.244 0.020 0.050 inch TYP. MAX. 0.069 0.010 0.065 0.020 0.010 0.197 0.157
0016023/C
9/13
Package Mechanical Data
TL431
4.2
TO92 (Tape & Reel) Package
TO-92 MECHANICA DATA
mm. DIM. MIN. A b D E e e1 L R S1 W 4.32 0.36 4.45 3.30 2.41 1.14 12.7 2.16 0.92 0.41 TYP MAX. 4.95 0.51 4.95 3.94 2.67 1.40 15.49 2.41 1.52 0.56 MIN. 170.1 14.2 175.2 129.9 94.9 44.9 500.0 85.0 36.2 16.1 TYP. MAX. 194.9 20.1 194.9 155.1 105.1 55.1 609.8 94.9 59.8 22.0 mils
0102782/C
10/13
TL431
Package Mechanical Data
4.3
TO92 (Tape Ammo Pack) Package
A1 P P T H
d
A
H1
H0
H
I1
W0
D0 F1 F2 P2 P0
W2 W1 W
L1
Millimeters Dim. Min Typ. Max. Min.
Inches Typ. Max.
AL A T d I1 P PO P2 F1/F2
∆h ∆P
5.0 5.0 4.0 0.45 2.5 11.7 12.4 5.95 2.4 -1 -1 17.5 5.7 8.5 12.7 12.7 6.35 2.5 0 0 18.0 6 9 13.7 13 6.75 2.8 1 1 19.0 6.3 9.75 0.5 20 15.5 16 16.5 25 3.8 4.0 4.2 11 0.150 0.157 0.610 0.630 0.098 0.461 0.488 0.234 0.094 -0.039 -0.039 0.689 0.224 0.335 0.500 0.500 0.250 0.098 0 0 0.709 0.236 0.354 0.018
0.197 0.197 0.157
0.539 0.512 0.266 0.110 0.039 0.039 0.748 0.248 0.384 0.020 0.787 0.650 0.984 0.165 0.433
W W0 W1 W2 H H0 H1 DO L1
11/13
Package Mechanical Data
TL431
4.4
TO92 (Bulk) Package
Millimeters Dim. Min Typ. Max. Min.
Inches Typ. Max.
L B O1 C K O2 a 3.2 4.45 4.58 12.7 0.407 0.35
1.27 3.7 5.00 5.03 4.2 5.2 5.33 0.126 0.1752 0.1803 0.5 0.5 0.508 0.016 0.0138
0.05 0.1457 0.1969 0.198 0.1654 0.2047 0.2098
0.0197
0.02
12/13
TL431
Revision History
5
Revision History
Date Revision Changes
March 2002 Nov. 2005
1 2
Initial release. PPAP references inserted in the datasheet see Table : Order Codes on page 1 .
Information furnished is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, STMicroelectronics assumes no responsibility for the consequences of use of such information nor for any infringement of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of STMicroelectronics. Specifications mentioned in this publication are subject to change without notice. This publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied. STMicroelectronics products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without express written approval of STMicroelectronics. The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners © 2005 STMicroelectronics - All rights reserved STMicroelectronics group of companies Australia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America www.st.com
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