VNQ5E050AK-E
Quad channel high-side driver with analog current sense
for automotive applications
Features
Max supply voltage
VCC
41 V
Operating voltage range
VCC
4.5 to 28 V
Max on-state resistance (per ch.) RON
50 m
Current limitation (typ)
ILIMH
27 A
Off-state supply current
IS
2 µA(1)
PowerSSO-24
– Reverse battery protected
– Electrostatic discharge protection
1. Typical value with all loads connected.
■
■
■
General
– Inrush current active management by
power limitation
– Very low standby current
– 3.0 V CMOS compatible inputs
– Optimized electromagnetic emissions
– Very low electromagnetic susceptibility
– Compliance with European directive
2002/95/EC
– Very low current sense leakage
Diagnostic functions
– Proportional load current sense
– High current sense precision for wide
currents range
– Current sense disable
– Off-state open-load detection
– Output short to VCC detection
– Overload and short to ground (power
limitation) indication
– Thermal shutdown indication
Protections
– Undervoltage shutdown
– Overvoltage clamp
– Load current limitation
– Self limiting of fast thermal transients
– Protection against loss of ground and loss
of VCC
– Overtemperature shutdown with auto
restart (thermal shutdown)
September 2013
Application
■
All types of resistive, inductive and capacitive
loads
■
Suitable as LED driver
Description
The VNQ5E050AK-E is a quad channel high-side
driver manufactured using ST proprietary
VIPower™ M0-5 technology and housed in
PowerSSO-24 package. The device is designed
to drive 12 V automotive grounded loads, and to
provide protection and diagnostics. It also
implements a 3 V and 5 V CMOS compatible
interface for the use with any microcontroller.
The device integrates advanced protective
functions such as load current limitation, inrush
and overload active management by power
limitation, overtemperature shut-off with
auto-restart and overvoltage active clamp.
A dedicated analog current sense pin is
associated with every output channel providing
enhanced diagnostic functions including fast
detection of overload and short-circuit to ground
through power limitation indication,
overtemperature indication, short-circuit to VCC
diagnosis and on-state and off-state open-load
detection. The current sensing and diagnostic
feedback of the whole device can be disabled by
pulling the CS_DIS pin high to share external
sense resistor with similar devices.
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www.st.com
1
Contents
VNQ5E050AK-E
Contents
1
Block diagram and pin configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2
Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
3
2.1
Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2
Thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3
Electrical characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.4
Waveforms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.5
Electrical characteristics curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Application information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1
GND protection network against reverse battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1.1
Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.1.2
Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2
Load dump protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3
MCU I/Os protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.4
Current sense and diagnostic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4.1
3.5
4
Maximum demagnetization energy (VCC = 13.5 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Package and PC board thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
4.1
5
Short to VCC and off-state open-load detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
PowerSSO-24 thermal data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Package and packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.1
ECOPACK® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.2
PowerSSO-24 mechanical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
5.3
Packing information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
6
Order codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7
Revision history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2/37
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VNQ5E050AK-E
List of tables
List of tables
Table 1.
Table 2.
Table 3.
Table 4.
Table 5.
Table 6.
Table 7.
Table 8.
Table 9.
Table 10.
Table 11.
Table 12.
Table 13.
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
Table 17.
Table 18.
Pin functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Suggested connections for unused and not connected pins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Absolute maximum ratings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Thermal data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Power section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Switching (VCC = 13 V; Tj = 25 °C) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Logic inputs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Protections and diagnostics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Open-load detection (8V
ILimL >
Nominal load
IOUT
VSENSEH>
VSENSE
VCS_DIS
Figure 14. Off-state open-load with external circuitry
OFF-State Open Load
with external circutry
INPUT
VOUT > VOL
VOUT
VOL
IOUT
VSENSEH >
tDSTK(on)
VSENSE
VCS_DIS
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Electrical specifications
VNQ5E050AK-E
Figure 15. Short to VCC
Short to VCC
Resistive
Short to VCC
Hard
Short to VCC
VOUT > VOL
VOL
VOUT
IOUT
tDSTK(on)
tDSTK(on)
VCS_DIS
Figure 16. Tj evolution in overload or short to GND
TJ evolution in
Overload or Short to GND
INPUT
Self-limitation of fast thermal transients
TTSD
THYST
TR
TJ_START
TJ
ILimH >
Power Limitation
< ILimL
IOUT
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VNQ5E050AK-E
2.5
Electrical specifications
Electrical characteristics curves
Figure 17. Off-state output current
Figure 18. High level input current
Iloff (nA)
Iih (µA)
5
700
4,5
600
Vin=2.1V
Off State
Vcc=13V
Vin=Vout=0V
500
4
3,5
3
400
2,5
300
2
1,5
200
1
100
0,5
0
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
-50
-25
0
25
Tc (°C)
50
75
100
125
150
175
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
Figure 19. Input clamp voltage
Figure 20. Input low level
Vicl (V)
Vil (V)
7
2
6,8
1,8
lin=1mA
6,6
1,6
6,4
1,4
6,2
1,2
6
1
5,8
0,8
5,6
0,6
5,4
0,4
5,2
0,2
5
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
-50
-25
0
25
Tc (°C)
50
75
Tc (°C)
Figure 21. Input high level
Figure 22. Input hysteresis voltage
Vih (V)
Vihyst (V)
4
1
0,9
3,5
0,8
3
0,7
2,5
0,6
2
0,5
0,4
1,5
0,3
1
0,2
0,5
0,1
0
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
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Electrical specifications
VNQ5E050AK-E
Figure 23. On-state resistance vs Tcase
Figure 24. On-state resistance vs VCC
Ron (mOhm)
Ron (mOhm)
150
100
Iout= 2A
Vcc=13V
120
Tc=150°C
80
Tc=125°C
90
60
60
40
30
20
Tc=25°C
Tc=-40°C
0
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
0
5
10
15
Tc (°C)
20
25
30
35
40
150
175
150
175
Vcc (V)
Figure 25. Undervoltage shutdown
Figure 26. Turn-on voltage slope
Vusd (V)
(dVout/dt )On (V/ms)
16
1000
900
14
Vcc=13V
RI=6.5 Ohm
800
12
700
10
600
8
500
400
6
300
4
200
2
100
0
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
-50
-25
0
25
Tc (°C)
50
75
100
125
Tc (°C)
Figure 27. ILIMH vs Tcase
Figure 28. Turn-off voltage slope
Ilimh (A)
(dVout/dt )Off (V/ms)
40
600
550
35
Vcc=13V
RI= 6.5 Ohm
500
Vcc=13V
450
30
400
350
300
25
250
20
200
150
15
100
50
10
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
22/37
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
Tc (°C)
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100
125
VNQ5E050AK-E
Electrical specifications
Figure 29. CS_DIS high level voltage
Figure 30. CS_DIS clamp voltage
Vcsdh (V)
Vcsdcl(V)
4
10
9
3,5
Iin = 1 mA
8
3
7
2,5
6
2
5
4
1,5
3
1
2
0,5
1
0
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
Figure 31. CS_DIS low level voltage
Vcsdl (V)
3
2,5
2
1,5
1
0,5
0
-50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
Tc (°C)
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Application information
3
VNQ5E050AK-E
Application information
Figure 32. Application schematic
+5V
VCC
Rprot
CS_DIS
Dld
CU
Rprot
IINPUT
OUTPUT
Rprot
CURRENT SENSE
GND
RSENSE
Cext
VGND
RGND
DGND
Note:
Channel 2, 3, 4 have the same internal circuit as channel 1.
3.1
GND protection network against reverse battery
This section provides two solutions for implementing a ground protection network against
reverse battery.
3.1.1
Solution 1: resistor in the ground line (RGND only)
This can be used with any type of load.
The following is an indication on how to dimension the RGND resistor.
1.
RGND 600 mV / (IS(on)max).
2.
RGND VCC) / (-IGND)
where -IGND is the DC reverse ground pin current and can be found in the absolute
maximum rating section of the device datasheet.
Power Dissipation in RGND (when VCC < 0: during reverse battery situations) is:
Equation 1
PD = (-VCC)2/RGND
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VNQ5E050AK-E
Application information
This resistor can be shared amongst several different HSDs. Please note that the value of
this resistor should be calculated with formula (1) where IS(on)max becomes the sum of the
maximum on-state currents of the different devices.
Please note that if the microprocessor ground is not shared by the device ground then the
RGND will produce a shift (IS(on)max * RGND) in the input thresholds and the status output
values. This shift will vary depending on how many devices are on in the case of several
high side drivers sharing the same RGND.
If the calculated power dissipation leads to a large resistor or several devices have to share
the same resistor then ST suggests to utilize Section 3.1.2: Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the
ground line.
3.1.2
Solution 2: diode (DGND) in the ground line
A resistor (RGND = 1 kshould be inserted in parallel to DGND if the device drives an
inductive load.
This small signal diode can be safely shared amongst several different HSDs. Also in this
case, the presence of the ground network will produce a shift (600mV) in the input
threshold and in the status output values if the microprocessor ground is not common to the
device ground. This shift will not vary if more than one HSD shares the same diode/resistor
network.
3.2
Load dump protection
Dld is necessary (voltage transient suppressor) if the load dump peak voltage exceeds the
VCC max DC rating. The same applies if the device is subject to transients on the VCC line
that are greater than the ones shown in the ISO 7637-2: 2004(E) table.
3.3
MCU I/Os protection
If a ground protection network is used and negative transients are present on the VCC line,
the control pins will be pulled negative. ST suggests to insert a resistor (Rprot) in line to
prevent the microcontroller I/O pins to latch-up.
The value of these resistors is a compromise between the leakage current of microcontroller
and the current required by the HSD I/Os (Input levels compatibility) with the latch-up limit of
microcontroller I/Os.
Equation 2
-VCCpeak/Ilatchup Rprot (VOHC - VIH - VGND) / IIHmax
Calculation example:
For VCCpeak = -100 V and Ilatchup 20 mA; VOHC 4.5 V
5 k Rprot 180 k.
Recommended values: Rprot = 10 kCEXT = 10 nF.
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Application information
3.4
VNQ5E050AK-E
Current sense and diagnostic
The current sense pin performs a double function (see Figure 33: Current sense and
diagnostic):
●
Current mirror of the load current in normal operation, delivering a current
proportional to the load one according to a known ratio KX.
The current ISENSE can be easily converted to a voltage VSENSE by means of an
external resistor RSENSE. Linearity between IOUT and VSENSE is ensured up to 5V
minimum (see parameter VSENSE in Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V)). The
current sense accuracy depends on the output current (refer to current sense electrical
characteristics Table 9: Current sense (8 V < VCC < 18 V)).
●
Diagnostic flag in fault conditions, delivering a fixed voltage VSENSEH up to a
maximum current ISENSEH in case of the following fault conditions (refer to Truth table):
–
Power limitation activation
–
Overtemperature
–
Short to VCC in off-state
–
Open-load in off-state with additional external components.
A logic level high on CS_DIS pin sets at the same time all the current sense pins of the
device in a high impedance state, thus disabling the current monitoring and diagnostic
detection. This feature allows multiplexing of the microcontroller analog inputs by sharing of
sense resistance and ADC line among different devices.
Figure 33. Current sense and diagnostic
VPU
VBAT
VCC
Main MOSn
41V
PU_CMD
Overtemperature
IOUT/KX
RPU
+
OL OFF
ISENSEH
VOL
Pwr_Lim
CS_DIS
OUTn
ILoff2r
ILoff2f
INPUTn
VSENSEH
CURRENT
SENSEn
RPROT
To uC ADC
26/37
RSENSE
GND
Load
RPD
VSENSE
Doc ID 13519 Rev 7
VNQ5E050AK-E
3.4.1
Application information
Short to VCC and off-state open-load detection
Short to VCC
A short circuit between VCC and output is indicated by the relevant current sense pin set to
VSENSEH during the device off-state. Small or no current is delivered by the current sense
during the on-state depending on the nature of the short circuit.
Off-state open-load with external circuitry
Detection of an open-load in off mode requires an external pull-up resistor RPU connecting
the output to a positive supply voltage VPU.
It is preferable VPU to be switched off during the module standby mode in order to avoid the
overall standby current consumption to increase in normal conditions, i.e. when load is
connected.
An external pull down resistor RPD connected between output and GND is mandatory to
avoid misdetection in case of floating outputs in off-state (see Figure 33: Current sense and
diagnostic).
RPD must be selected in order to ensure VOUT < VOLmin unless pulled up by the external
circuitry:
Equation 3
VOUT
Pull up _ OFF
RPD I L ( off 2) f VOL min 2V
RPD 22Kis recommended.
For proper open-load detection in off-state, the external pull-up resistor must be selected
according to the following formula:
Equation 4
VOUT
Pull up _ ON
RPD VPU RPU RPD I L ( off 2) r
RPU RPD
VOL max 4V
For the values of VOLmin,VOLmax, IL(off2)r and IL(off2)f see Table 10: Open-load detection
(8V