VSH144Z (Z-Foil)
Ultra High Precision Z-Bulk Metal® Foil Technology Low Profile Conformally Coated
Voltage Divider Resistor with TCR Tracking to 0.1 ppm/°C, Power Coefficient
Tracking of 5 ppm at Rated Power, and Tolerance Match to 0.01 % (100 ppm)
FEATURES
Temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR):
absolute: ± 0.05 ppm/°C typical (0 °C to + 60 °C)
± 0.2 ppm/°C typical (- 55 °C to + 125 °C,
+ 25 °C ref.)
tracking: 0.1 ppm/°C typical
Tolerance: absolute and matching to 0.01 % (100 ppm)
Power coefficient tracking “R due to self heating”: 5 ppm
at rated power
Power rating: 0.2 W at 70 °C, for the entire resistive
element R1 and R2, divided proportionally between the two
values
APPLICATIONS
R2
Instrumentation amplifiers
Bridge networks
Load life ratio stability: < 0.01 % (100 ppm) 0.2 W at 70 °C
for 2000 h
R1
Differential amplifiers
Vin
-
Vout
+
Military
VSH144Z
Space
Maximum working voltage: 200 V
Resistance range: 100R to 20K per resistive element
Automatic test equipment
Vishay Foil resistors are not restricted to standard
values/ratios; specific “as requested” values/ratios can be
supplied at no extra cost or delivery (e.g. 1K2345 vs. 1K)
Down-hole (high temperature)
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) up to 25 000 V
Medical
Non-inductive, non-capacitive design
Rise time: 1 ns effectively no ringing
Current noise: 0.010 µVRMS/V of applied voltage (< - 40 dB)
TABLE 1A - MODEL VSH144Z
SPECIFICATIONS
RESISTANCE
VALUES
ABSOLUTE
TOLERANCE
500 to 20 k
± 0.01 %
100 to < 500
± 0.02 %
Thermal EMF: 0.05 µV/°C typical
ABSOLUTE TCR
(- 55 °C to + 125 °C, + 25 °C ref.)
TYPICAL AND MAX. SPREAD
± 0.2 ppm/°C ± 2.5 ppm/°C
Voltage coefficient: < 0.1 ppm/V
Non-inductive: < 0.08 µH
Non hot spot design
Thermal stabilization time < 1 s (nominal value achieved
within 10 ppm of steady state value)
Terminal finish: lead (Pb)-free or tin/lead alloy
Compliant to RoHS directive 2002/95/EC
TABLE 1B - MODEL VSH144Z
SPECIFICATIONS
RESISTANCE
RATIO
1:1
> 1:1 to 4:1
> 4:1 to 10:1
> 10:1
TOLERANCE
MATCH
0.01 %
0.02 %
TCR TRACKING MAX.
0.5 ppm/°C
Prototype quantities available in just 5 working days
or sooner. For more information, please contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
For better performances please contact us
0.75 ppm/°C
1.5 ppm/°C
2.0 ppm/°C
* Pb containing terminations are not RoHS compliant, exemptions may apply
Document Number: 63173
Revision: 5-Mar-15
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
1
VSH144Z (Z-Foil)
INTRODUCTION
The VSH144Z voltage divider is based on the latest
generation of Bulk Metal® Z-Foil technology which is the
most recommended solution for ultra high precision, stability
and reliable voltage division or anywhere else that requires
two resistors to maintain a stable ratio under power and
throughout all application variables.
Why are extremely low TCR resistors required?
This is a proper question when evaluating system cost. The
answers are as numerous as the system in which they are
installed but a few examples may provide insight:
1) Commercial broadcast equipment heats up through the
day and requires constant manual adjustment through the
day for proper signal adjustment.
2) Satellites in synchronous orbit rotate through temperature
extremes.
3) A fighter jet resting on the 115° desert floor takes off and
reaches altitude at - 60° in less than two minutes.
4) A system that requires fast response time in order to
produce the required signal with minimum stabilization
time.
Resistors may be selected for TCR tracking but that is
only useful when the resistors are operating at the same
temperature. If the resistors are operating at different
temperatures because of differential self-heating, or due
to locally-different thermal influence from different
adjacent components, or because they are operating in
different regions of the equipment, the ratios change
proportional to the differences in operating temperature
times and the absolute TCR in addition to differences in
TCR tracking ratios. Additionally, when resistors within a
set have different absolute TCR’s (individual TCR’s - not
relative or tracking TCR), the ratios change even more
due to the differential self-heating as well as to differential
ambient temperatures:
ratio = (TCR track x temp 1) + (absolute TCR x temp 2)
where temp 1 is the change of ambient temperature
and temp 2 is the temperature difference between two
resistors due to differential self-heating.
Differential self-heating can occur, for example, when the
same current flows through resistors of different
resistance values. The construction of the VSH144Z
keeps both resistors at the same temperature regardless
of resistance value or differential power.
For best performance in such applications, low absolute
TCRs are required.
What is TCR tracking and why it is important?
TCR tracking is a measure of the uniformity of the
thermally-induced resistance changes in two or more
resistors. Resistors “track” closely when their individual
TCRs are close, and this is a measure of how closely these
resistors will maintain their initial ratios over various
temperature changes. Some resistors may increase in value
with an increase in temperature (positive TCR) while others
will decrease in value with an increase in temperature
(negative TCR), or, they may not change in value at the
same rate (differential TCR). Other temperature effects, such
as self heating due to the application of power can add to the
ambient temperature effects. An example of these effects
can be seen where two resistors with different TCR
characteristics are used around an operation amplifier. The
amplification ratio will be affected by the differential TCR of
the resistors and will be compounded by the differential self
heating effects of the I2R differences of the feedback VS the
input resistor.
Good design practice requires fundamentally low TCR
networks in this application since this would minimize both
varying temperature and self heating effects.
This could not be accomplished with high TCR resistors,
even with good tracking.
What is the reason for such excellent stability?
The secret of Bulk Metal Z-Foil technology’s benchmark
stability lies in the fact that it retains the inherent metallurgical
stability of the alloy from which it is made: the alloy is not
melted and drawn as it is in the manufacture of wirewound
resistors, nor is it evaporated and re-deposited or sputtered
as it is in thin-film resistors. This underlying metallurgical
stability is preserved throughout the manufacturing
processes by preventing the introduction of additional
stresses into the final component.
Our application engineering department is available to
advise and make recommendations. For non-standard
technical requirements and special applications. Please
contact foil@vpgsensors.com.
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
2
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
Document Number: 63173
Revision: 5-Mar-15
VSH144Z (Z-Foil)
FIGURE 1 - TRIMMING TO VALUES (conceptual illustration)
Interloop
Capacitance
Reduction
in Series
Current Path
Before Trimming
Current Path
After Trimming
Mutual
Inductance
Reduction due
to Opposing
Current in
Adjacent Lines
Trimming Process
Removes this Material
from Shorting Strip Area
Changing Current Path
and Increasing Resistance
Note: Foil shown in black, etched spaces in white
FIGURE 2 - STANDARD PRINTING AND DIMENSIONS in inches (millimeters)
Model VSH144Z and Schematic (2)
0.263 ±0.02
(6.7 ±0.5)
0.098 +0.008/–0.01
(2.5 +0.2/–0.3)
(4)
(3)
VSHZ(T)
(D.C)(-)
(R1)
(R2)
R1
0.283 ± 0.04
(7.2 ± 1.0)
R2
1.0 (25.4)
Min.
1
0.100
(2.54)
0.200
(5.08)
2
3
Dimensional Tolerance: ± 0.010" (0.25)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Lead wires: #22 AWG solder coated copper, 0.75" minimum length
Each divider pair consists of two resistors on one single chip
For lead (Pb)-free: print “T” after VSHZ and “-” after (D.C.)
If the resistance value contains more than 5 characters,
the VCODE will be printed instead (see table 2).
FIGURE 3 - POWER DERATING CURVE
Percent of Rated Power at + 70 °C
100 %
- 55 °C
FIGURE 4 - TYPICAL RESISTANCE/
TEMPERATURE CURVE
(for more details see table 1A)
+ 70 °C
Rated Power
TCR Chord Slopes for Different Temperature Ranges
+ 500
75 %
+ 400
+ 300
+ 200
Recommended
operation for
< 150 ppm ΔR
after 2000 h
load life
50 %
+ 100
ΔR
0
R
(ppm)
- 100
25 %
0.05 ppm/°C
- 200
- 0.1 ppm/°C
- 300
0.14 ppm/°C
- 400
0
- 75
- 50
- 25
0
0.1 ppm/°C
- 0.16 ppm/°C
0.2 ppm/°C
- 500
+ 25 + 50 + 75 + 100 + 125 + 150 + 175
Ambient Temperature (°C)
- 55
- 25
0
+ 25
+ 60 + 75
+ 100 + 125
Ambient Temperature (°C)
Note:
• Power is divided proportionally between the 2 values
Document Number: 63173
Revision: 5-Mar-15
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
3
VSH144Z (Z-Foil)
TABLE 2 - EXAMPLES OF VCODES FOR POPULAR VALUES (other values available on request)
VSH144Z RATIOS
VCODES
R1
R2
VCODES
R1
R2
V0009
20K
20K
V0058
2K
20K
V0010
20K
10K
V0030
2K
18K
V0100
20K
2K
V0029
2K
4K
V0055
19K4
9K7
V0059
2K
2K
V0223
17K5
20K
V0103
2K
3K
V0097
15K
15K
V0154
1K5
3K
V0001
10K
10K
V0032
1K
16K
V0042
10K
8K323
V0121
1K
2K
V0006
10K
2K
V0004
1K
1K
V0166
10K
15K
V0379
1K
7K
V0226
9K
10K
V0374
800R
800R
V0003
9K
1K
V0022
511R
16K2
V0013
8K
16K
V0091
500R
500R
V0107
6K
20K
V0162
500R
15K
V0014
6K
7K
V0378
500R
4K5
V0160
6K
6K
V0061
300R
300R
V0159
5K5
7K7
V0088
100R
100R
V0005
5K
10K
V0380
100R
15K
V0002
5K
5K
V0375
100R
12K3
V0373
4K
12K
V0381
100R
50R
V0026
3K
19K2
V0377
50R
28K
V0156
3K
6K
V0376
35R
20K
V0158
2K7
10K
-
-
-
Note
• A combination of these values is also available in reverse order.
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
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Document Number: 63173
Revision: 5-Mar-15
VSH144Z (Z-Foil)
TABLE 3 - GLOBAL PART NUMBER INFORMATION (1)
NEW GLOBAL PART NUMBER: Y1680V0058QT9L (preferred part number format)
DENOTES PRECISION
VCODE
TOLERANCE MATCH
PACKAGING
Y
RESISTANCE
VALUE CODE
V = 0.005 %
T = 0.01 %
Q = 0.02 %
A = 0.05 %
B = 0.1 %
D = 0.5 %
F = 1.0 %
L = bulk pack
Y
1
6
8
0
V
0
0
5
8
Q
T
9
L
PRODUCT CODE
RESISTANCE TOLERANCE
CHARACTERISTICS
1680 = VSH144Z
V = ± 0.005 %
T = ± 0.01 %
Q = ± 0.02 %
A = ± 0.05 %
B = ± 0.1 %
D = ± 0.5 %
F = ± 1.0 %
0 = standard
9 = lead (Pb)-free
1 to 999 = custom
FOR EXAMPLE: ABOVE GLOBAL ORDER Y1680 V0058 Q T 9 L:
TYPE: VSH144Z
VALUES: 2K/20K
ABSOLUTE TOLERANCE: ± 0.02 %
TOLERANCE MATCH: 0.01 %
TERMINATION: lead (Pb)-free
PACKAGING: bulk pack
HISTORICAL PART NUMBER: VSH144ZT 2K/20K TCR0.2 Q T B (will continue to be used)
VSH144Z
T
2K/20K
TCR0.2
Q
T
B
MODEL
TERMINATION
OHMIC VALUE
TCR
CHARACTERISTIC
ABSOLUTE
TOLERANCE
TOLERANCE
MATCH
PACKAGING
VSH144Z
T = lead (Pb)-free
None = tin/lead alloy
R1 = 2 k
R2 = 20 k
V
T
Q
A
B
D
F
= ± 0.005 %
= ± 0.01 %
= ± 0.02 %
= ± 0.05 %
= ± 0.1 %
= ± 0.5 %
= ± 1.0 %
V = 0.005 %
T = 0.01 %
Q = 0.02 %
A = 0.05 %
B = 0.1 %
D = 0.5 %
F = 1.0 %
B = bulk pack
Note
(1) For non-standard requests, please contact application engineering
Document Number: 63173
Revision: 5-Mar-15
For any questions, contact
foil@vpgsensors.com
www.vishayfoilresistors.com
5
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Vishay Precision Group, Inc.
Disclaimer
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Copyright Vishay Precision Group, Inc., 2014. All rights reserved.
Document No.: 63999
Revision: 15-Jul-2014
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