MECHATRONIC DRIVES WITH STEPPER MOTOR
PANdrive
Hardware Version V1.0
HARDWARE MANUAL
+
+
PD-1161
Stepper Motor with
Controller/Driver
0.55… 3.1Nm / 24V DC
sensOstep™ Encoder
USB, RS485, and RS232
+
UNIQUE FEATURES:
TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG
Hamburg, Germany
www.trinamic.com
+
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
Table of Contents
1
2
3
Features........................................................................................................................................................................... 3
Order Codes ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
Mechanical and Electrical Interfacing ..................................................................................................................... 6
3.1
PD-1161 and PD-1161 Dimensions.................................................................................................................. 6
3.1.1 PD57-1161 Dimensions ................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1.2 PD60-1161 Dimensions ................................................................................................................................ 7
3.2
Connectors of PD-1161....................................................................................................................................... 8
3.2.1 Interface and Power Supply Connector ................................................................................................. 9
3.2.2 USB Connector ............................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2.3 In/Out Connector ......................................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.4 Motor Connector .......................................................................................................................................... 13
4
Reset to Factory Defaults ......................................................................................................................................... 14
5
On-board LEDs ............................................................................................................................................................. 15
6
Operational Ratings ................................................................................................................................................... 16
7
Torque Curves ............................................................................................................................................................. 17
7.1
Curves of PD57-1161 ......................................................................................................................................... 17
7.1.1 PD57-1-1161 Torque Curves ...................................................................................................................... 17
7.1.2 PD57-2-1161 Torque Curves ...................................................................................................................... 18
7.2
Curves of PD60-1161 ......................................................................................................................................... 19
7.2.1 PD60-3-1161 Torque Curves ...................................................................................................................... 19
7.2.2 PD60-4-1161 Torque Curves ...................................................................................................................... 19
8
Functional Description .............................................................................................................................................. 20
9
PD-1161 Operational Description ........................................................................................................................... 21
9.1
Calculation: Velocity and Acceleration vs. Microstep and Fullstep Frequency ................................ 21
10 Life Support Policy ..................................................................................................................................................... 23
11 Revision History .......................................................................................................................................................... 24
11.1 Document Revision ........................................................................................................................................... 24
11.2 Hardware Revision ............................................................................................................................................ 24
12 References .................................................................................................................................................................... 24
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2
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
3
1 Features
The PANdrive™ PD-1161 is a full mechatronic solution with state of the art feature set. It is highly
integrated and offers a convenient handling. The PD-1161 includes a stepper motor, controller/driver
electronics, and TRINAMICs sensOstep™ encoder. It can be used in many decentralized applications and
has been designed for 0.55… 3.1Nm max. holding torque and 24V DC nominal supply voltage. With its
high energy efficiency from TRINAMIC’s coolStep technology cost for power consumption is kept down. The
TMCL™ firmware allows for standalone operation and direct mode.
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Motion controller
Motion profile calculation in real-time
On the fly alteration of motor parameters (e.g. position, velocity, acceleration)
High performance microcontroller for overall system control and serial communication protocol
handling
Bipolar stepper motor driver
Up to 256 microsteps per full step
High-efficient operation, low power dissipation
Dynamic current control
Integrated protection
stallGuard2 feature for stall detection
coolStep feature for reduced power consumption and heat dissipation
Encoder
sensOstep magnetic encoder (max. 1024 positions per rotation) e.g. for step-loss detection under all
operating conditions and positioning supervision
Interfaces
inputs for stop switches (left and right) and home switch
1 analog input
2 general purpose outputs (open collector with freewheeling diodes)
USB, RS232, and RS485 communication interfaces
Software
TMCL: standalone operation or remote controlled operation,
program memory (non volatile) for up to 2048 TMCL commands, and
PC-based application development software TMCL-IDE available for free.
Electrical and mechanical data
Supply voltage: +24V DC nominal (10… 30V DC)
Motor current: up to 2.8A RMS (programmable)
0.5… 3.1Nm max. holding torque (depends on motor)
With NEMA23 (57mm motor flange size) or NEMA24 (60mm motor flange size) stepper motor
Refer to separate TMCL Firmware Manual, too.
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
4
TRINAMICS UNIQUE FEATURES – EASY TO USE WITH TMCL
stallGuard2™
stallGuard2 is a high-precision sensorless load measurement using the back EMF on the
coils. It can be used for stall detection as well as other uses at loads below those which
stall the motor. The stallGuard2 measurement value changes linearly over a wide range
of load, velocity, and current settings. At maximum motor load, the value goes to zero or
near to zero. This is the most energy-efficient point of operation for the motor.
Load
[Nm]
stallGuard2
Initial stallGuard2
(SG) value: 100%
Max. load
stallGuard2 (SG) value: 0
Maximum load reached.
Motor close to stall.
Motor stalls
Figure 1.1 stallGuard2 load measurement SG as a function of load
coolStep™
coolStep is a load-adaptive automatic current scaling based on the load measurement via
stallGuard2 adapting the required current to the load. Energy consumption can be
reduced by as much as 75%. coolStep allows substantial energy savings, especially for
motors which see varying loads or operate at a high duty cycle. Because a stepper motor
application needs to work with a torque reserve of 30% to 50%, even a constant-load
application allows significant energy savings because coolStep automatically enables
torque reserve when required. Reducing power consumption keeps the system cooler,
increases motor life, and allows reducing cost.
0,9
Efficiency with coolStep
0,8
Efficiency with 50% torque reserve
0,7
0,6
0,5
Efficiency
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Velocity [RPM]
Figure 1.2 Energy efficiency example with coolStep
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
5
2 Order Codes
The PD-1161 is currently available with two different stepper motor series (NEMA23 / 57mm flange size or
NEMA24 / 60mm flange size):
With NEMA 23 / 57mm flange size motor:
The length of the PANdrives is specified without the length of the axis. For the overall length of the
product please add 24mm.
Order code
PD57-1-1161
PD57-2-1161
Description
PANdrive with 0.55Nm max./holding torque
PANdrive with 1.01Nm max./holding torque
Size (mm3)
60 x 60 x 58
60 x 60 x 68
Table 2.1 Order codes (PD57-1161)
With NEMA 24 / 60mm flange size motor:
The length of the PANdrives is specified without the length of the axis. For the total length of the
product add 24mm.
Order code
PD60-3-1161
PD60-4-1161
Description
PANdrive with 2.10Nm max./holding torque
PANdrive with 3.10Nm max./holding torque
Table 2.2 Order codes (PD60-1161)
A cable loom set is available for this module:
Order code
TMCM-1161-CABLE
Description
Cable loom for PD-1161:
1x cable for interface connector
1x cable for In/Out connector
1x cable for motor connector
1x USB type A connector to mini-USB type B connector cable
Table 2.3 Cable loom order codes
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Size (mm3)
60 x 60 x 82
60 x 60 x 103
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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3 Mechanical and Electrical Interfacing
3.1 PD-1161 and PD-1161 Dimensions
3.1.1 PD57-1161 Dimensions
The PD57-1161 includes the TMCM-1161 stepper motor controller/driver module, the magnetic encoder
based on sensOstep technology and a NEMA23 bipolar stepper motor. Currently, there is a choice
between four NEMA 23/57mm bipolar stepper motors with different lengths and different holding
torques.
Length
24±1
17
6
20±0.5
R 0.5
38.1±0.025 6,35-0.013
56.4±1
60
1.6
5
60
56.4±1
47.14±0.2
6.35-0.013
47.14±0.2
56.4±1
38.1±0.025
60
4-ø4.6
Fgure 3.1 Dimensions of PD57-1161
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Model
PD57-1-1161
PD57-2-1161
Length (mm)
41
51
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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3.1.2 PD60-1161 Dimensions
Currently, there is a choice between four NEMA 24/60mm bipolar stepper motors with different lengths
and different holding torques.
Length
17
24±1
6
1.6
20±0.5
7.5±0.2
38.1±0.025 8-0.013
60±0.5
5
60
9
60
47.14±0.2
8
38.1±0.025
47.14±0.2
60
4-ø4.5
Figure 3.2 Dimensions of PD60-1161
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Model
Length (mm)
PD60-3-1161
65
PD60-4-1161
86
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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3.2 Connectors of PD-1161
The controller/driver board for the PD-1161 offers four connectors including the motor connector which is
used for attaching the motor coils to the electronics. There are two connectors for serial communication
(one for USB and one for RS232/RS485) and one connector for I/O signals and switches.
1
Interface
1
USB
In/Out
1
Motor
1
Figure 3.3 Overview connectors
Domain
Interface /
Power
Motor
In/Out
USB
Connector type
JST B6B-EH-A, 2.5mm pitch connector
header, vertical
JST B4B-EH-A, 2.5mm pitch connector
header, vertical
JST B8B-EH-A, 2.5mm pitch connector
header, vertical
Mini-USB type B vertical female
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Mating connector type
JST EHR-6, female crimp connector housing;
crimp contacts JST SEH-001T-P0.6
JST EHR-4, female crimp connector housing;
crimp contacts JST SEH-001T-P0.6
JST EHR-8, female crimp connector housing;
crimp contacts JST SEH-001T-P0.6
Mini-USB type B, male
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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3.2.1 Interface and Power Supply Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
Label
GND
VCC
RS485A+
RS485BRS232_TxD
RS232_RxD
Description
Module and signal ground
10… 30V DC power supply / nom. 24V DC
RS485 non-inverted bus signal
RS485 inverted bus signal
RS232 transmit data from module
RS232 receive data to module
Table 3.1 Connector for power supply and interfaces
3.2.1.1 Power Supply
When using supply voltages near the upper limit, a regulated power supply is mandatory. The power
supply should be designed in a way, that it supplies the nominal motor voltage at the desired maximum
motor power.
To ensure reliable operation of the unit, the power supply has to have a sufficient output capacitor and
the supply cables should have a low resistance, so that the chopper operation does not lead to an
increased power supply ripple directly at the unit. Power supply ripple due to the chopper operation
should be kept at a maximum of a few 100mV.
HINTS FOR POWER SUPPLY CABLES
-
Keep power supply cables as short as possible.
Use large diameters for power supply cables.
CAUTION!
Add external power supply capacitors!
It is recommended to connect an electrolytic capacitor of significant size (2200µF or larger
recommended) to the power supply lines next to the TMCM-1161 especially if the distance
to the power supply is large (i.e. more than 2-3m)!
Rule of thumb for size of electrolytic capacitor:
In addition to power stabilization (buffer) and filtering this added capacitor will also
reduce any voltage spikes which might otherwise occur from a combination of high
inductance power supply wires and the ceramic capacitors. In addition it will limit slewrate of power supply voltage at the module. The low ESR of ceramic-only filter capacitors
may cause stability problems with some switching power supplies.
Do not connect or disconnect motor during operation!
Motor cable and motor inductivity might lead to voltage spikes when the motor is
disconnected / connected while energized. These voltage spikes might exceed voltage
limits of the driver MOSFETs and might permanently damage them. Therefore, always
disconnect power supply before connecting / disconnecting the motor.
Keep the power supply voltage below the upper limit of 30V!
Otherwise the driver electronics will seriously be damaged! Especially, when the selected
operating voltage is near the upper limit a regulated power supply is highly
recommended. Please see also chapter 6 (operating values).
There is no reverse polarity protection!
The module will short any reversed supply voltage due to internal diodes of the driver
transistors.
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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3.2.1.2 RS485
For remote control and communication with a host system the PD-1161 provides a two wire RS485 bus
interface. For proper operation the following items should be taken into account when setting up an
RS485 network:
1.
BUS STRUCTURE:
The network topology should follow a bus structure as closely as possible. That is, the
connection between each node and the bus itself should be as short as possible. Basically, it
should be short compared to the length of the bus.
Host
c:>
Slave
Slave
Slave
node
1
node
n-1
node
n
}
termination
resistor
(120 Ohm)
termination
resistor
(120 Ohm)
keep distance as
short as possible
RS485
Figure 3.5: RS485 bus structure
2.
BUS TERMINATION:
Especially for longer busses and/or multiple nodes connected to the bus and/or high
communication speeds, the bus should be properly terminated at both ends. The PD-1161 does
not integrate any termination resistor. Therefore, 120 Ohm termination resistors at both ends of
the bus have to be added externally.
3.
NUMBER OF NODES:
The RS-485 electrical interface standard (EIA-485) allows up to 32 nodes to be connected to a
single bus. The bus transceiver used on the PD-1161 units (SN65HVD3082ED) has just 1/8th of the
standard bus load and allows a maximum of 256 units to be connected to a single RS485 bus.
4.
NO FLOATING BUS LINES:
Avoid floating bus lines while neither the host/master nor one of the slaves along the bus line is
transmitting data (all bus nodes switched to receive mode). Floating bus lines may lead to
communication errors. In order to ensure valid signals on the bus it is recommended to use a
resistor network connecting both bus lines as well defined logic levels. In contrast to the
termination resistors this network is normally required just once per bus. Certain RS485 interface
converters available for PCs already include these additional resistors (e.g. USB-2-485).
Slave
Slave
node
n- 1
node
n
+5V
pull-up (1k)
RS485+ / RS485A
termination
resistor
(120 Ohm)
RS485- / RS485B
pull-down (1k)
GND
Figure 3.6: RS485 bus lines with resistor network
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
3.2.2 USB Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
Label
VBUS
DD+
ID
GND
Description
+5V power
Data –
Data +
not connected
ground
Table 3.2 Mini USB connector
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11
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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3.2.3 In/Out Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
Label
GND
VCC
OUT_0
OUT_1
IN_0
6
STOP_L/
STEP/
IN_1
7
STOP_R/
DIR/
IN_2
8
HOME/
ENABLE/
IN_3
Description
Module ground (system and signal ground)
10… 30V DC power supply / nom. 24V DC
General purpose output, open collector
General purpose output, open collector
Analog input, 0… 10V (analog to digital converter range)
Digital input, +24V compatible, programmable internal pull-up.*
Functionality can be selected in software:
a) Left stop switch input (connected to REF1 input of TMC429 motion controller)
b) Step signal (connected to step input of TMC262 stepper driver)
c) General purpose input (connected to processor)
Digital input +24V compatible, programmable internal pull-up.*
Functionality can be selected in software:
a) Right stop switch input (connected to REF3 input of TMC429 motion controller)
b) Direction signal (connected to direction input of TMC262 stepper driver)
c) General purpose input (connected to processor)
Digital input +24V compatible, programmable internal pull-up.*
Functionality can be chosen in software:
a) Home switch input (connected to processor)
b) Enable signal (connected to processor)
c) General purpose input (connected to processor)
Table 3.3 In/Out connector
* It is possible to enable / disables pull-ups (1k to 5+V) in software for all three digital inputs. Pull-ups
are always enabled / disabled for all three together / at the same time.
+24V
OUT_0
OUT_1
OUT_0
OUT_1
GND
GND
Figure 3.4 Internal circuit of OUT_0/1
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
13
PU
1kO
+5V / pull-up ON
0V / pull-up OFF
IN_1/2/3
+3.3V
47kO
10kO
IN_0
IN_1/2/3
GND
GND
GND
Figure 3.5 Internal circuit of IN_0
1nF
22kO
22kO
100nF
IN_0
GND
GND
Figure 3.6 Internal circuit of IN_1/2/3
3.2.3.1 Limit Switches
The PD-1161 can be configured so that a motor has a left and a right limit switch. The motor stops when
the traveler has reached one of the limit switches. An additional home switch might be used for
initialization.
STOP_L
HOME
STOP_R
Motor
Left stop
switch
Right stop
switch
Traveler
Figure 3.7 Limit switches and home switch
3.2.4 Motor Connector
Pin
Label
Description
1
2
3
4
OA1
OA2
OB1
OB2
Motor
Motor
Motor
Motor
coil
coil
coil
coil
A
A
B
B
Table 3.4 Motor connector
CAUTION!
Keep the electronics free of (metal) particles!
The integrated sensOstep encoder uses a magnet at the end of the motor axis in order to
monitor position. The magnet naturally attracts especially tiny metal particles. These
particles might be held on the top side of the PCB and even worse – start moving in
accordance with the rotating magnetic field as soon as the motor starts moving. This
might lead to shorts of electronic contacts / wires on the board and totally erratic
behavior of the module! Use compressed air for cleaning the module if necessary.
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
14
4 Reset to Factory Defaults
It is possible to reset the PD-1161 to factory default settings without establishing a communication link.
This might be helpful in case communication parameters of the preferred interface have been set to
unknown values or got accidentally lost.
For this procedure two pads on the bottom side of the board have to be shortened (see figure 4.12).
Please perform the following steps:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Power supply off and USB cable disconnected
Short two pads as marked in Figure 4.1
Power up board (power via USB is sufficient for this purpose)
Wait until the on-board red and green LEDs start flashing fast (this might take a while)
Power-off board (disconnect USB cable)
Remove short between pads
After switching on power-supply / connecting USB cable all permanent settings have been
restored to factory defaults
Short these two pads
Figure 4.1 Reset to factory default settings
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PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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5 On-board LEDs
The board offers two LEDs in order to indicate board status. The function of both LEDs is dependent on
the firmware version. With standard TMCL firmware the green LED should be slowly flashing during
operation and the red LED should be off.
When there is no valid firmware programmed into the board or during firmware update the red and
green LEDs are permanently on.
BEHAVIOR OF LEDS WITH STANDARD TMCL FIRMWARE
Status
Label
Description
Heartbeat
Run
This green LED flashes slowly during operation.
Error
Error
This red LED lights up if an error occurs.
Green LED
Figure 5.1 on-board LEDs
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USB
Red LED
PD-1161 V1.0 Hardware Manual (Rev. 1.15 / 2013-JUL-23)
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6 Operational Ratings
The operational ratings shown below should be used as design values. In no case should the maximum
values been exceeded during operation.
Symbol
Parameter
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
VCC
VUSB
Power supply voltage for operation
Power supply via USB connector
10
24
5
30
V DC
V
IUSB
Current withdrawn from USB supply when USB bus
powered (no other supply connected)
Motor coil current for sine wave peak (chopper 0
regulated, adjustable via software)
Continuous motor current (RMS)
0
Power supply current
ICOIL_peak
ICOIL_RMS
ISUPPLY
TENV
40
mA
4