TMC5160A-TA

POWER DRIVER FOR STEPPER MOTORS INTEGRATED CIRCUITS TMC5160 / TMC5160A DATASHEET Universal high voltage controller/driver for two-phase bipolar stepper motor. StealthChop™ for quiet movement. External MOSFETs for up to 20A motor current per coil. With Step/Dir Interface and SPI. APPLICATIONS Robotics & Industrial Drives Textile, Sewing Machines Packing Machines Factory & Lab Automation High-speed 3D Printers Liquid Handling Medical Office Automation CCTV ATM, Cash Recycler Pumps and Valves FEATURES AND BENEFITS 2-phase stepper motors up to 20A coil current (external MOSFETs) Motion Controller with SixPoint™ ramp Step/Dir Interface with microstep interpolation MicroPlyer™ Voltage Range 8 … 60V DC SPI & Single Wire UART Encoder Interface and 2x Ref.-Switch Input Highest Resolution 256 microsteps per full step StealthChop2™ for quiet operation and smooth motion Resonance Dampening for mid-range resonances spreadCycle™ highly dynamic motor control chopper dcStep™ load dependent speed control StallGuard2™ high precision sensorless motor load detection CoolStep™ current control for energy savings up to 75% Passive Braking and freewheeling mode Full Protection & Diagnostics Compact Size 7x7mm2 (body) TQFP48 package / 8x8mm² QFN BLOCK DIAGRAM TRINAMIC Motion Control GmbH & Co. KG Hamburg, Germany DESCRIPTION The TMC5160 / TMC5160A is a high-power stepper motor controller and driver IC with serial communication interfaces. It combines a flexible ramp generator for automatic target positioning with industries’ most advanced stepper motor driver. Using external transistors, highly dynamic, high torque drives can be realized. Based on TRINAMICs sophisticated SpreadCycle and StealthChop choppers, the driver ensures absolutely noiseless operation combined with maximum efficiency and best motor torque. High integration, high energy efficiency and a small form factor enable miniaturized and scalable systems for cost effective solutions. The complete solution reduces learning curve to a minimum while giving best performance in class. TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 2 APPLICATION EXAMPLES: HIGH VOLTAGE – MULTIPURPOSE USE The TMC5160 scores with complete motion controlling features, powerful external MOSFET driver stages, and high-quality current regulation. It offers a versatility that covers a wide spectrum of applications from battery powered, high efficiency systems up to embedded applications with 20A motor current per coil. The TMC5160 contains the complete intelligence which is required to drive a motor. Receiving target positions, the TMC5160 manages motor movement. Based on TRINAMICs unique features StallGuard2, CoolStep, DcStep, SpreadCycle, and StealthChop, it optimizes drive performance. It trades off velocity vs. motor torque, optimizes energy efficiency, smoothness of the drive, and noiselessness. The small form factor of the TMC5160 keeps costs down and allows for miniaturized layouts. Extensive support at the chip, board, and software levels enables rapid design cycles and fast time-to-market with competitive products. High energy efficiency and reliability deliver cost savings in related systems such as power supplies and cooling. For smaller designs, the compatible, integrated TMC5130 driver provides 1.4A of motor current. MINIATURIZED DESIGN FOR ONE STEPPER MOTOR Ref. Switches High-Level Interface SPI CPU TMC5160 M Encoder COMPACT DESIGN FOR MULTIPLE High-Level Interface STEPPER MOTORS SPI or UART CPU An ABN encoder interface with scaler unit and two reference switch inputs are used to ensure correct motor movement. Automatic interrupt upon deviation is available. TMC5160 M Addr. NCS signal for SPI Chaining with UART TMC5160 Addr. M An application with 2 stepper motors is shown. Additionally, the ABN Encoder interface and two reference switches can be used for each motor. A single CPU controls the whole system, as there are no real time tasks required to move a motor. The CPUboard and the controller / driver boards are highly economical and space saving. More TMC5160 or TMC5130 or TMC5072 The TMC5160-EVAL is part of TRINAMICs universal evaluation board system which provides a convenient handling of the hardware as well as a user-friendly software tool for evaluation. The TMC5160 evaluation board system consists of three parts: LANDUNGSBRÜCKE (base board), ESELSBRÜCKE (connector board including several test points), and TMC5160-EVAL. ORDER CODES Order code TMC5160A-TA TMC5160A-WA TMC5160A-xx-T TMC5160-EVAL LANDUNGSBRÜCKE ESELSBRÜCKE PN 00-0179 00-0192 …-T 40-0138 40-0167 40-0098 Description stepper controller/driver for external MOSFETs; TQFP48 stepper controller/driver f. ext. MOSFETs; wett. QFN8x8 -T denotes tape on reel packing (xx= TA or WA) Evaluation board for TMC5160 (/A) Baseboard for TMC5160-EVAL and further boards. Connector board fitting to Landungsbrücke Size [mm2] 7 x 7 (body) 8x8 85 x 55 85 x 55 61 x 38 Hint: TMC5160 in this manual always refers to both, the TMC5160A and TMC5160, unless explicitly noted with “non-A-version” or “A-version”. The A-version compatibly replaces the non-A-version. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 3 Table of Contents 1 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION ......................... 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 KEY CONCEPTS ................................................ 6 CONTROL INTERFACES ..................................... 7 SOFTWARE ...................................................... 7 MOVING AND CONTROLLING THE MOTOR ........ 8 AUTOMATIC STANDSTILL POWER DOWN......... 8 STEALTHCHOP2 & SPREADCYCLE DRIVER ....... 8 STALLGUARD2 – MECHANICAL LOAD SENSING . ....................................................................... 9 1.8 COOLSTEP – LOAD ADAPTIVE CURRENT CONTROL ...................................................................... 9 1.9 DCSTEP – LOAD DEPENDENT SPEED CONTROL . .....................................................................10 1.10 ENCODER INTERFACE .....................................10 2 PIN ASSIGNMENTS .........................................11 2.1 2.2 3 SAMPLE CIRCUITS ..........................................15 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 4 SPI DATAGRAM STRUCTURE .........................23 SPI SIGNALS ................................................24 TIMING .........................................................25 UART SINGLE WIRE INTERFACE ................26 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 6 STANDARD APPLICATION CIRCUIT ................15 EXTERNAL GATE VOLTAGE REGULATOR ..........16 CHOOSING MOSFETS AND SLOPE ................17 TUNING THE MOSFET BRIDGE .....................19 HIGHER VOLTAGE APPLICATIONS ..................22 SPI INTERFACE ................................................23 4.1 4.2 4.3 5 PACKAGE OUTLINE ........................................11 SIGNAL DESCRIPTIONS .................................12 DATAGRAM STRUCTURE .................................26 CRC CALCULATION .......................................28 UART SIGNALS ............................................28 ADDRESSING MULTIPLE SLAVES ....................29 REGISTER MAPPING .......................................31 6.1 GENERAL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS ..........32 6.2 VELOCITY DEPENDENT DRIVER FEATURE CONTROL REGISTER SET .............................................38 6.3 RAMP GENERATOR REGISTERS .......................40 6.4 ENCODER REGISTERS .....................................45 6.5 MOTOR DRIVER REGISTERS ...........................47 7 STEALTHCHOP™ ..............................................57 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 AUTOMATIC TUNING .....................................57 STEALTHCHOP OPTIONS ................................60 STEALTHCHOP CURRENT REGULATOR.............60 VELOCITY BASED SCALING ............................63 COMBINING STEALTHCHOP AND SPREADCYCLE . .....................................................................64 FLAGS IN STEALTHCHOP ...............................66 FREEWHEELING AND PASSIVE BRAKING ........66 www.trinamic.com 8 SPREADCYCLE AND CLASSIC CHOPPER ... 68 8.1 8.2 9 SPREADCYCLE CHOPPER................................ 69 CLASSIC CONSTANT OFF TIME CHOPPER ...... 72 SELECTING SENSE RESISTORS.................... 74 10 VELOCITY BASED MODE CONTROL ....... 76 11 DIAGNOSTICS AND PROTECTION......... 78 11.1 11.2 11.3 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 13 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 15 15.1 15.2 15.3 16 16.1 16.2 17 TEMPERATURE SENSORS ................................ 78 SHORT PROTECTION ...................................... 78 OPEN LOAD DIAGNOSTICS ........................... 80 RAMP GENERATOR ..................................... 81 REAL WORLD UNIT CONVERSION ................. 81 MOTION PROFILES........................................ 82 VELOCITY THRESHOLDS ................................. 84 REFERENCE SWITCHES .................................. 85 STALLGUARD2 LOAD MEASUREMENT ... 87 TUNING STALLGUARD2 THRESHOLD SGT ..... 88 STALLGUARD2 UPDATE RATE AND FILTER .... 90 DETECTING A MOTOR STALL ......................... 90 HOMING WITH STALLGUARD ........................ 90 LIMITS OF STALLGUARD2 OPERATION .......... 90 COOLSTEP OPERATION ............................. 91 USER BENEFITS............................................. 91 SETTING UP FOR COOLSTEP .......................... 91 TUNING COOLSTEP ....................................... 93 STEP/DIR INTERFACE ................................ 94 TIMING ......................................................... 94 CHANGING RESOLUTION ............................... 95 MICROPLYER AND STAND STILL DETECTION . 96 DIAG OUTPUTS ........................................... 97 STEP/DIR MODE ......................................... 97 MOTION CONTROLLER MODE ........................ 97 DCSTEP .......................................................... 99 17.1 USER BENEFITS............................................. 99 17.2 DESIGNING-IN DCSTEP ................................ 99 17.3 DCSTEP INTEGRATION WITH THE MOTION CONTROLLER ............................................................ 100 17.4 STALL DETECTION IN DCSTEP MODE .......... 100 17.5 MEASURING ACTUAL MOTOR VELOCITY IN DCSTEP OPERATION ................................................ 101 17.6 DCSTEP WITH STEP/DIR INTERFACE ......... 102 18 18.1 18.2 19 SINE-WAVE LOOK-UP TABLE................. 105 USER BENEFITS........................................... 105 MICROSTEP TABLE ...................................... 105 EMERGENCY STOP .................................... 106 TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 20 ABN INCREMENTAL ENCODER INTERFACE .............................................................. 107 20.1 ENCODER TIMING ....................................... 108 20.2 SETTING THE ENCODER TO MATCH MOTOR RESOLUTION ............................................................ 108 20.3 CLOSING THE LOOP .................................... 109 21 21.1 DC MOTOR OR SOLENOID .................... 110 SOLENOID OPERATION ............................... 110 22 QUICK CONFIGURATION GUIDE ......... 111 23 GETTING STARTED .................................. 116 23.1 INITIALIZATION EXAMPLES ......................... 116 24 STANDALONE OPERATION .................... 117 25 EXTERNAL RESET ...................................... 119 26 CLOCK OSCILLATOR AND INPUT ........ 119 26.1 26.2 USING THE INTERNAL CLOCK...................... 119 USING AN EXTERNAL CLOCK....................... 119 27 ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS .......... 120 28 ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS .......... 120 28.1 28.2 OPERATIONAL RANGE ................................ 120 DC AND TIMING CHARACTERISTICS ........... 121 www.trinamic.com 4 28.3 29 29.1 29.2 29.3 29.4 29.5 30 30.1 30.2 30.3 THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS........................ 123 LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS................... 125 EXPOSED DIE PAD ...................................... 125 WIRING GND ............................................ 125 WIRING BRIDGE SUPPLY ............................ 125 SUPPLY FILTERING...................................... 125 LAYOUT EXAMPLE ....................................... 126 PACKAGE MECHANICAL DATA .............. 128 DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS TQFP48-EP ..... 128 DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS QFN-WA ......... 130 PACKAGE CODES ......................................... 131 31 DESIGN PHILOSOPHY ............................. 132 32 DISCLAIMER ............................................... 132 33 ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE.......................... 132 34 DESIGNED FOR SUSTAINABILITY ....... 132 35 TABLE OF FIGURES .................................. 133 36 REVISION HISTORY ................................. 134 37 REFERENCES ............................................... 134 TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 1 5 Principles of Operation The TMC5160 motion controller and driver chip is an intelligent power component interfacing between CPU and a high power stepper motor. All stepper motor logic is completely within the TMC5160. No software is required to control the motor – just provide target positions. The TMC5160 offers a number of unique enhancements which are enabled by the system-on-chip integration of driver and controller. The SixPoint ramp generator of the TMC5160 uses StealthChop, DcStep, CoolStep, and StallGuard2 automatically to optimize every motor movement. The TMC5160 ideally extends the TMC2100, TMC2130 and TMC5130 family to higher voltages and higher motor currents. THE TMC5160 OFFERS THREE BASIC MODES OF OPERATION: MODE 1: Full Featured Motion Controller & Driver All stepper motor logic is completely within the TMC5160. No software is required to control the motor – just provide target positions. Enable this mode by tying low pin SD_MODE. MODE 2: Step & Direction Driver An external high-performance S-ramp motion controller like the TMC4361 or a central CPU generates step & direction signals synchronized to other components like additional motors within the system. The TMC5160 takes care of intelligent current and mode control and delivers feedback on the state of the motor. The MicroPlyer automatically smoothens motion. Tie SD_MODE high. MODE 3: Simple Step & Direction Driver The TMC5160 positions the motor based on step & direction signals. The MicroPlyer automatically smoothens motion. No CPU interaction is required; configuration is done by hardware pins. Basic standby current control can be done by the TMC5160. Optional feedback signals allow error detection and synchronization. Enable this mode by tying pin SPI_MODE low and SD_MODE high. 100n VSA 12VOUT 100n 2.2µ 2.2µ 5VOUT CB2 11.5V Voltage regulator TMC5160 Ref. switch processing VCC linear 6 point RAMP generator 470n DIAG1/SWP DIAG0/SWN charge pump HS 5V Voltage regulator 2R2 CSN SCK SDI SDO trol n co n o i t o M Control register set and Single wire interface programmable sine table 4*256 entry x 470n RG RG RG RG LB1 LB2 LS spreadCycle & stealthChop Chopper 47R RS SRBL CA2 HS S CB HS HA2 470n dcStep™ RG RG RG RG SRAH N 47R RS SRAL pd Encoder input / +VIO +VIO dcStep control in S/D mode Both GND: UART mode GNDD GNDA DIE PAD TST_MODE DRV_ENN 47R ENCN_DCO ENCA_DCIN pd B ENCB_DCEN pd A BMA1 LA2 LS Encoder unit mode selection CB LA1 LS 100n HA1 BMA2 VCC_IO opt. driver enable Figure 1.1 TMC5160 basic application block diagram (motion controller) www.trinamic.com +VM 47R CA1 +VIO SPI_MODE CB HB1 BMB2 LS stallGuard2™ SD_MODE CB CB1 BMB1 Stepper driver B.Dwersteg, © Protection TRINAMIC 2014 & diagnostics B.Dwersteg, © TRINAMIC 2014 CLK_IN 3.3V or 5V I/O voltage HB2 SRBH SPI interface ce terfa InDIAG / INT out HS tep & coolS Chop th steal driver r o t o m Step & Direction pulse generation coolStep™ opt. ext. clock 12-16MHz CE VS 100n 16V VCP CPI 22n 100V CPO +VM REFR/DIR REFL/STEP +VM N stepper motor TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 6 100n VSA CB2 12VOUT 100n 2.2µ TMC5160 11.5V Voltage regulator 5VOUT 2.2µ 5V Voltage regulator f ac Inter CSN SCK SDI SDO e Control register set DIAG / INT out and Single wire interface DIAG0 programmable sine table 4*256 entry CB CB1 CB BMB1 RG RG RG RG BMB2 LB1 LS LB2 LS 47R RS SRBL Stepper driver CA2 B.Dwersteg, © Protection TRINAMIC 2014 B.Dwersteg, © TRINAMIC 2014 470n HB1 HS spreadCycle & stealthChop Chopper x & diagnostics S CB HA2 HS HS coolStep™ stallGuard2™ 470n HA1 CB BMA1 RG RG RG RG LA1 LS VCC_IO LA2 LS 100n SRAH mode selection 47R RS SRAL pd GNDD GNDA DIE PAD TST_MODE DRV_ENN SPI_MODE 47R DCO SD_MODE DCEN pd DCIN pd +VIO stepper motor BMA2 dcStep™ +VIO +VIO N +VM 47R CA1 CLK_IN 3.3V or 5V I/O voltage HB2 SRBH SPI interface DIAG1 HS le & dCyc sprea hChop t steal driver r o t o m Standstill current reduction VCC 470n charge pump step multiplier microPlyer™ 2R2 opt. ext. clock 12-16MHz CE VS CPI 100n 16V VCP 22n 100V CPO +VM DIR STEP +VM dcStep control opt. driver enable Figure 1.2 TMC5160 STEP/DIR application diagram 100n VSA 100n 2.2µ 2.2µ CB2 12VOUT 11.5V Voltage regulator 5VOUT 5V Voltage regulator TMC5160 charge pump HS step multiplier microPlyer HS Standstill current reduction 2R2 VCC HB2 CB CB1 CB CFG1 spreadCycle (GND) / stealthChop (VCC_IO) Current Reduction Enable (VCC_IO) CFG4 pd CFG5 pd Configuration interface (GND or VCC_IO level) B.Dwersteg, © TRINAMIC 2014 CFG6 Control register set (default values) programmable sine table 4*256 entry x Stepper driver B.Dwersteg, © Protection TRINAMIC 2014 & diagnostics B.Dwersteg, © TRINAMIC 2014 opt. ext. clock 12-16MHz Status out (open drain) CA2 HS OTP S +VM 47R HA2 N stepper motor 470n HA1 CB BMA1 RG RG RG RG BMA2 CLK_IN LA1 LS VCC_IO 100n RS CB CA1 +VIO 3.3V or 5V I/O voltage 47R SRBL HS DIAG0 unused RG SRBH spreadCycle & stealthChop Chopper DIAG1 unused RG LB2 LS CFG3 RG LB1 LS CFG2 RG BMB2 CFG0 Run Current Setting 16 / 18 / 20 / 22 / 24 / 26 / 28 / 31 470n HB1 BMB1 470n Microstep Resolution 8 / 16 / 32 / 64 CE VS 100n 16V VCP CPI 22n 100V CPO +VM DIR STEP +VM LA2 LS SRAH mode selection 47R RS SRAL +VIO Standalone mode GNDA GNDD DIE PAD DRV_ENN TST_MODE 47R SPI_MODE SD_MODE pd dcStep control opt. driver enable Figure 1.3 TMC5160 standalone driver application diagram 1.1 Key Concepts The TMC5160 implements advanced features which are exclusive to TRINAMIC products. These features contribute toward greater precision, greater energy efficiency, higher reliability, smoother motion, and cooler operation in many stepper motor applications. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 7 StealthChop2™ No-noise, high-precision chopper algorithm for inaudible motion and inaudible standstill of the motor. Allows faster motor acceleration and deceleration than StealthChop™ and extends StealthChop to low stand still motor currents. SpreadCycle™ High-precision chopper algorithm for highly dynamic motion and absolutely clean current wave. Low noise, low resonance and low vibration chopper. DcStep™ Load dependent speed control. The motor moves as fast as possible and never loses a step. StallGuard2™ Sensorless stall detection and mechanical load measurement. CoolStep™ Load-adaptive current control reducing energy consumption by as much as 75%. MicroPlyer™ Microstep interpolator for obtaining full 256 microstep smoothness with lower resolution step inputs starting from fullstep In addition to these performance enhancements, TRINAMIC motor drivers offer safeguards to detect and protect against shorted outputs, output open-circuit, overtemperature, and undervoltage conditions for enhancing safety and recovery from equipment malfunctions. 1.2 Control Interfaces The TMC5160 supports both, an SPI interface and a UART based single wire interface with CRC checking. Additionally, a standalone mode is provided for pure STEP/DIR operation without use of the serial interface. Selection of the actual interface is done via the configuration pins SPI_MODE and SD_MODE, which can be hardwired to GND or VCC_IO depending on the desired interface. 1.2.1 SPI Interface The SPI interface is a bit-serial interface synchronous to a bus clock. For every bit sent from the bus master to the bus slave another bit is sent simultaneously from the slave to the master. Communication between an SPI master and the TMC5160 slave always consists of sending one 40-bit command word and receiving one 40-bit status word. The SPI command rate typically is a few commands per complete motor motion. 1.2.2 UART Interface The single wire interface allows differential operation similar to RS485 (using SWP and SWN) or single wire interfacing (leaving open SWN). It can be driven by any standard UART. No baud rate configuration is required. 1.3 Software From a software point of view the TMC5160 is a peripheral with a number of control and status registers. Most of them can either be written only or read only. Some of the registers allow both read and write access. In case read-modify-write access is desired for a write only register, a shadow register can be realized in master software. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 8 1.4 Moving and Controlling the Motor 1.4.1 Integrated Motion Controller The integrated 32 bit motion controller automatically drives the motor to target positions, or accelerates to target velocities. All motion parameters can be changed on the fly. The motion controller recalculates immediately. A minimum set of configuration data consists of acceleration and deceleration values and the maximum motion velocity. A start and stop velocity is supported as well as a second acceleration and deceleration setting. The integrated motion controller supports immediate reaction to mechanical reference switches and to the sensorless stall detection StallGuard2. Benefits are: Flexible ramp programming Efficient use of motor torque for acceleration and deceleration allows higher machine throughput Immediate reaction to stop and stall conditions 1.4.2 STEP/DIR Interface The motor can optionally be controlled by a step and direction input. In this case, the motion controller remains unused. Active edges on the STEP input can be rising edges or both rising and falling edges as controlled by another mode bit (dedge). Using both edges cuts the toggle rate of the STEP signal in half, which is useful for communication over slow interfaces such as optically isolated interfaces. On each active edge, the state sampled from the DIR input determines whether to step forward or back. Each step can be a fullstep or a microstep, in which there are 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, or 256 microsteps per fullstep. A step impulse with a low state on DIR increases the microstep counter and a high decreases the counter by an amount controlled by the microstep resolution. An internal table translates the counter value into the sine and cosine values which control the motor current for microstepping. 1.5 Automatic Standstill Power Down An automatic current reduction drastically reduces application power dissipation and cooling requirements. Modify stand still current, delay time and decay via register settings. Automatic freewheeling and passive motor braking are provided as an option for stand still. Passive braking reduces motor standstill power consumption to zero, while still providing effective dampening and braking! An option for faster detection of standstill is provided for both, ramp generator and STEP/DIR operation. STEP Standstill flag (stst) CURRENT IRUN IHOLD RMS motor current trace standstill delay TPOWERDOWN IHOLDDELAY 2^20 / 2^18 clocks power down power down ramp time (faststandstill) delay time t Figure 1.4 Automatic Motor Current Power Down 1.6 StealthChop2 & SpreadCycle Driver StealthChop is a voltage chopper based principle. It especially guarantees that the motor is absolutely quiet in standstill and in slow motion, except for noise generated by ball bearings. Unlike other voltage mode choppers, StealthChop2 does not require any configuration. It automatically learns the best settings during the first motion after power up and further optimizes the settings in subsequent motions. An initial homing sequence is sufficient for learning. Optionally, initial learning parameters www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 9 can be pre-configured via the interface. StealthChop2 allows high motor dynamics, by reacting at once to a change of motor velocity. For highest dynamic applications, SpreadCycle is an option to StealthChop2. It can be enabled via input pin (standalone mode) or via SPI or UART interface. StealthChop2 and SpreadCycle may even be used in a combined configuration for the best of both worlds: StealthChop2 for no-noise stand still, silent and smooth performance, SpreadCycle at higher velocity for high dynamics and highest peak velocity at low vibration. SpreadCycle is an advanced cycle-by-cycle chopper mode. It offers smooth operation and good resonance dampening over a wide range of speed and load. The SpreadCycle chopper scheme automatically integrates and tunes fast decay cycles to guarantee smooth zero crossing performance. Benefits of using StealthChop2: - Significantly improved microstepping with low cost motors - Motor runs smooth and quiet - Absolutely no standby noise - Reduced mechanical resonance yields improved torque 1.7 StallGuard2 – Mechanical Load Sensing StallGuard2 provides an accurate measurement of the load on the motor. It can be used for stall detection as well as other uses at loads below those which stall the motor, such as CoolStep loadadaptive current reduction. This gives more information on the drive allowing functions like sensorless homing and diagnostics of the drive mechanics. 1.8 CoolStep – Load Adaptive Current Control CoolStep drives the motor at the optimum current. It uses the StallGuard2 load measurement information to adjust the motor current to the minimum amount required in the actual load situation. This saves energy and keeps the components cool. Benefits are: - Energy efficiency - Motor generates less heat - Less or no cooling - Use of smaller motor power consumption decreased up to 75% improved mechanical precision improved reliability less torque reserve required → cheaper motor does the job Figure 1.5 shows the efficiency gain of a 42mm stepper motor when using CoolStep compared to standard operation with 50% of torque reserve. CoolStep is enabled above 60RPM in the example. 0,9 Efficiency with coolStep 0,8 Efficiency with 50% torque reserve 0,7 0,6 0,5 Efficiency 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Velocity [RPM] Figure 1.5 Energy efficiency with CoolStep (example) www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 10 1.9 DcStep – Load Dependent Speed Control DcStep allows the motor to run near its load limit and at its velocity limit without losing a step. If the mechanical load on the motor increases to the stalling load, the motor automatically decreases velocity so that it can still drive the load. With this feature, the motor will never stall. In addition to the increased torque at a lower velocity, dynamic inertia will allow the motor to overcome mechanical overloads by decelerating. DcStep directly integrates with the ramp generator, so that the target position will be reached, even if the motor velocity needs to be decreased due to increased mechanical load. A dynamic range of up to factor 10 or more can be covered by DcStep without any step loss. By optimizing the motion velocity in high load situations, this feature further enhances overall system efficiency. Benefits are: - Motor does not loose steps in overload conditions - Application works as fast as possible - Highest possible acceleration automatically - Highest energy efficiency at speed limit - Highest possible motor torque using fullstep drive - Cheaper motor does the job 1.10 Encoder Interface The TMC5160 provides an encoder interface for external incremental encoders. The encoder provides automatic checking for step loss and can be used for homing of the motion controller (alternatively to reference switches). A programmable prescaler allows the adaptation of the encoder resolution to the motor resolution. A 32 bit encoder counter is provided. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 2 11 Pin Assignments CA1 HA1 BMA1 42 41 40 BMA2 CB2 43 37 HB2 44 LA1 BMB2 45 LA2 LB2 46 38 LB1 47 39 BMB1 48 2.1 Package Outline HB1 1 36 HA2 CB1 2 35 CA2 12VOUT 3 34 VCP VSA 4 33 VS 5VOUT 5 32 CPI GNDA 6 31 CPO SRAL 7 30 GNDD SRAH 8 29 VCC SRBH 9 28 DRV_ENN SRBL 10 27 DIAG1_SWP TST_MODE 11 26 DIAG0_SWN CLK 12 25 ENCN_DCO_CFG6 TMC5160-TA TQFP-48 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CSN_CFG3 SCK_CFG2 SDI_CFG1 SDO_CFG0 REFL_STEP REFR_DIR GNDD VCC_IO SD_MODE SPI_MODE ENCB_DCEN_CFG4 ENCA_DCIN_CFG5 PAD = GNDD, GNDP LB1 LB2 BMB2 HB2 CB2 CA1 HA1 BMA1 LA1 LA2 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 Figure 2.1 TMC5160-TA package and pinning TQFP-EP 48 (7x7mm² body, 9x9mm² with leads) BMB1 1 37 BMA2 HB1 2 36 HA2 CB1 3 35 CA2 12VOUT 4 34 VCP 33 VS 32 CPI TMC5160-WA QFN56 8mm x 8mm 0.5 pitch B. Dwersteg, TRINAMIC 2012 VSA 5 5VOUT 6 31 CPO GNDA 7 30 VCC SRAL 8 29 DRV_ENN SRAH 9 28 DIAG1_SWP SRBH 10 27 DIAG0_SWN 26 ENCN_DCO_CFG6 PAD = GNDD, GNDP GNDD 25 ENCA_DCIN_CFG5 24 ENCB_DCEN_CFG4 23 SPI_MODE 22 SD_MODE 21 VCC_IO 20 REFR_DIR 19 SDO_CFG0 17 REFL_STEP 18 SDI_CFG1 16 SCK_CFG2 15 CSN_CFG3 14 CLK 13 TST_MODE 12 SRBL 11 Figure 2.2 TMC5160-WA package and pinning QFN-WA (8x8mm²) www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 12 2.2 Signal Descriptions Pin HB1 CB1 TQFP 1 2 QFN 2 3 12VOUT 3 4 VSA 4 5 5VOUT 5 6 GNDA 6 7 SRAL 7 8 AI SRAH 8 9 AI SRBH 9 10 AI SRBL 10 11 AI TST_MODE 11 12 DI CLK 12 13 DI CSN_CFG3 13 14 DI SCK_CFG2 14 15 DI SDI_CFG1 15 16 DI SDO_CFG0 16 17 DIO REFL_STEP 17 18 DI REFR_DIR 18 19 DI 19, 30 20 25, Pad 20 GNDD VCC_IO www.trinamic.com Type Function High side gate driver output. Bootstrap capacitor positive connection. Output of internal 11.5V gate voltage regulator and supply pin of low side gate drivers. Attach 2.2µF to 10µF ceramic capacitor to GND plane near to pin for best performance. Use at least 10 times more capacity than for bootstrap capacitors. In case an external gate voltage supply is available, tie VSA and 12VOUT to the external supply. Analog supply voltage for 11.5V and 5V regulator. Normally tied to VS. Provide a 100nF filtering capacitor. Output of internal 5V regulator. Attach 2.2µF to 10µF ceramic capacitor to GNDA near to pin for best performance. Output for VCC supply of the chip. Analog GND. Connect to GND plane near pin. Sense resistor GND connection for phase A. Connect to the GND side of the sense resistor in order to compensate for voltage drop on the GND interconnection. Sense resistor for phase A. Connect to the upper side of the sense resistor. A Kelvin connection is preferred with high motor currents. Symmetrical RC-Filtering may be added for SRAL and SRAH to eliminate high frequency switching spikes from other drives or switching of coil B. Sense resistor for phase B. Connect to the upper side of the sense resistor. A Kelvin connection is preferred with high motor currents. Symmetrical RC-Filtering may be added for SRBL and SRBH to eliminate high frequency switching spikes from other drives or switching of coil A. Sense resistor GND connection for phase B. Connect to the GND side of the sense resistor in order to compensate for voltage drop on the GND interconnection. Test mode input. Tie to GND using short wire. CLK input. Tie to GND using short wire for internal clock or supply external clock. Internal clock-fail over circuit protects against loss of external clock signal. SPI chip select input (negative active) (SPI_MODE=1) or Configuration input (SPI_MODE=0) SPI serial clock input (SPI_MODE=1) or Configuration input (SPI_MODE=0) SPI data input (SPI_MODE=1) or Configuration input (SPI_MODE=0) or Next address input (NAI) for single wire interface. SPI data output (tristate) (SPI_MODE=1) or Configuration input (SPI_MODE=0) or Next address output (NAO) for single wire interface. Left reference input (for internal ramp generator) or STEP input when (SD_MODE=1). Right reference input (for internal ramp generator) or DIR input (SD_MODE=1). Digital GND. Connect to GND plane near pin. 3.3V to 5V IO supply voltage for all digital pins. TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) Pin TQFP QFN Type SD_MODE 21 21 DI SPI_MODE 22 22 DI (pd) ENCB_DCEN_ CFG4 23 23 DI (pd) ENCA_DCIN_ CFG5 24 24 DI (pd) ENCN_DCO_ CFG6 25 26 DIO DIAG0_SWN 26 27 DIO (pu+ pd) DIAG1_SWP 27 28 DIO (pd) DRV_ENN 28 29 DI VCC 29 30 CPO 31 31 CPI 32 32 VS 33 33 VCP CA2 HA2 34 35 36 34 35 36 www.trinamic.com 13 Function Mode selection input. When tied low, the internal ramp generator generates step pulses. When tied high, the STEP/DIR inputs control the driver. SD_MODE=0 and SPI_MODE=0 enable UART operation. Mode selection input. When tied low with SD_MODE=1, the chip is in standalone mode and pins have their CFG functions. When tied high, the SPI interface is enabled. Integrated pull down resistor. Encoder B-channel input (when using internal ramp generator) or DcStep enable input (SD_MODE=1, SPI_MODE=1) – leave open or tie to GND for normal operation in this mode (no DcStep). Configuration input (SPI_MODE=0) Encoder A-channel input (when using internal ramp generator) or DcStep gating input for axis synchronization (SD_MODE=1, SPI_MODE=1) or Configuration input (SPI_MODE=0) Encoder N-channel input (SD_MODE=0) or DcStep ready output (SD_MODE=1). With SD_MODE=0, pull to GND or VCC_IO, if the pin is not used for an encoder. Diagnostics output DIAG0. Interrupt or STEP output for motion controller (SD_MODE=0, SPI_MODE=1). Use external pullup resistor with 47k or less in open drain mode. Single wire I/O (negative) (only with SD_MODE=0 and SPI_MODE=0) Diagnostics output DIAG1. Position compare or DIR output for motion controller (SD_MODE=0, SPI_MODE=1). Use external pullup resistor with 47k or less in open drain mode. Single wire I/O (positive) (only with SD_MODE=0 and SPI_MODE=0) Enable input. The power stage becomes switched off (all motor outputs floating) when this pin becomes driven to a high level. 5V supply input for digital circuitry within chip. Provide 100nF or bigger capacitor to GND (GND plane) near pin. Shall be supplied by 5VOUT. A 2.2 or 3.3 Ohm resistor is recommended for decoupling noise from 5VOUT. When using an external supply, make sure, that VCC comes up before or in parallel to 5VOUT or VCC_IO, whichever comes up later! Charge pump capacitor output. Charge pump capacitor input. Tie to CPO using 22nF 100V capacitor. Motor supply voltage. Provide filtering capacity near pin with short loop to GND plane. Must be tied to the positive bridge supply voltage. Charge pump voltage. Tie to VS using 100nF capacitor. Bootstrap capacitor positive connection. High side gate driver output. TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) Pin BMA2 LA2 LA1 BMA1 HA1 CA1 CB2 HB2 BMB2 LB2 LB1 BMB1 TQFP 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 QFN 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 1 Exposed die pad - - Type 14 Function Bridge Center and bootstrap capacitor negative connection. Low side gate driver output. Low side gate driver output. Bridge Center and bootstrap capacitor negative connection. High side gate driver output. Bootstrap capacitor positive connection. Bootstrap capacitor positive connection. High side gate driver output. Bridge Center and bootstrap capacitor negative connection. Low side gate driver output. Low side gate driver output. Bridge Center and bootstrap capacitor negative connection. Connect the exposed die pad to a GND plane. Provide as many as possible vias for heat transfer to GND plane. Serves as GND pin for the low side gate drivers. Ensure low loop inductivity to sense resistor GND. *(pd) denominates a pin with pulldown resistor * All digital pins DI, DIO and DO use VCC_IO level and contain protection diodes to GND and VCC_IO * All digital inputs DI and DIO have internal Schmitt-Triggers www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 3 15 Sample Circuits The following sample circuits show the required external components in different operation and supply modes. The connection of the bus interface and further digital signals are left out for clarity. 3.1 Standard Application Circuit 100n VSA CB2 12VOUT 100n 2.2µ 2.2µ CE VS 100n 16V VCP CPI 22n 100V CPO +VM REFR/DIR REFL/STEP +VM Optional use lower voltage down to 12V 11.5V Voltage regulator 5VOUT charge pump reference switch processing HS 5V Voltage regulator HS HB2 CB CB1 CB HB1 BMB1 2R2 470n RG RG RG RG VCC BMB2 470n TMC5160 CSN SCK SDI SDO LB1 LS LB2 LS SRBH SPI interface Controller RS DIAG1/SWP S Chopper DIAG / INT out and Single wire interface DIAG0/SWN CA2 B.Dwersteg, © TRINAMIC 2014 HS CB N +VM 47R HA2 stepper motor 470n CA1 HS opt. ext. clock 12-16MHz 47R SRBL HA1 CB BMA1 RG RG RG RG CLK_IN BMA2 +VIO LA1 LS VCC_IO A SRAH N 47R RS SRAL pd Keep inductivity of the fat interconnections as small as possible to avoid undershoot of BM 40kHz, or at clock frequency >12MHz, it is recommended to use a VSA supply not higher than 40V. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 17 3.3 Choosing MOSFETs and Slope The selection of power MOSFETs depends on a number of factors, like package size, on-resistance, voltage rating and supplier. It is not true, that larger, lower RDSon MOSFETs will always be better, as a larger device also has higher capacitances and may add more ringing in trace inductance and power dissipation in the gate drive circuitry. Adapt the MOSFETs to the required motor voltage (adding 5-10V of reserve to the peak supply voltage) and to the desired maximum current, in a way that resistive power dissipation still is low for the thermal capabilities of the chosen MOSFET package. The TMC5160 drives the MOSFET gates with roughly 10V, so normal, 10V specified types are sufficient. Logic level FETs (4.5V specified RDSon) will also work, but may be more critical with regard to bridge crossconduction due to lower VGS(th). The gate drive current and MOSFET gate resistors R G (optional) determine switching behavior and should basically be adapted to the MOSFET gate-drain charge (Miller charge). Figure 3.3 shows the influence of the Miller charge on the switching event. Figure 3.4 additionally shows the switching events in different load situations (load pulling the output up or down), and the required bridge brake-before-make time. The following table shall serve as a thumb rule for programming the MOSFET driver current (DRVSTRENGTH setting) and the selection of gate resistors: MOSFET MILLER CHARGE VS. DRVSTRENGTH AND RG Miller Charge [nC] (typ.) 60 DRVSTRENGTH setting 0 0 or 1 1 or 2 2 or 3 3 Value of RG [Ω] ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ ≤ 15 10 7.5 5 2.7 The TMC5160 provides increased gate-off drive current to avoid bridge cross-conduction induced by high dV/dt. This protection will be less efficient with gate resistors exceeding the values given in the table. Therefore, for larger values of RG, a parallel diode may be required to ensure keeping the MOSFET safely off during switching events. 10 25 VM 8 20 6 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 5 10 15 20 VDS – Drain to source voltage (V) VGS – Gate to source voltage (V) MOSFET gate charge vs. switching event 0 25 QMILLER QG – Total gate charge (nC) Figure 3.3 Miller charge determines switching slope Hints - Choose modern MOSFETs with fast and soft recovery bulk diode and low reverse recovery charge. - A small, SMD MOSFET package allows compacter routing and reduces parasitic inductance effects. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 18 V12VOUT Miller plateau Lx MOSFET drivers 0V VVM Output slope BMx 0V Output slope -1.2V VVM+V12VOUT VVM Hx 0V VCX-VBMx HxBMx Miller plateau 0V tBBM tBBM tBBM Effective break-before-make time Load pulling BMx down Load pulling BMx up Figure 3.4 Slopes, Miller plateau and blank time The following DRV_CONF parameters allow adapting the driver to the MOSFET bridge: Parameter BBMTIME Description Break-before-make time setting to ensure nonoverlapping switching of high-side and low-side MOSFETs. BBMTIME allows fine tuning of times in increments shorter than a clock period. For higher times, use BBMCLKS. BBMCLKS Like BBMTIME, but in multiple of a clock cycle. The longer setting rules (BBMTIME vs. BBMCLKS). DRV_ Selection of gate driver current. Adapts the gate STRENGTH driver current to the gate charge of the external MOSFETs. FILT_ISENSE Filter time constant of sense amplifier to suppress ringing and coupling from second coil operation Hint: Increase setting if motor chopper noise occurs due to cross-coupling of both coils. (Reset Default = %00) Setting 0…24 0…15 0…3 0…3 Comment time[ns] 100ns*32/(32-BBMTIME) Ensure ~30% headroom Reset Default: 0 0: off Reset Default: OTP 4 or 2 Reset Default = 2 00: 01: 10: 11: ~100ns (reset default) ~200ns ~300ns ~400ns DRV_CONF Parameters Use the lowest gate driver strength setting DRVSTRENGTH giving favorable switching slopes, before increasing the value of the gate series resistors. A slope time of nominal 40ns to 80ns is absolutely sufficient and will normally be covered by the shortest possible Break-Before-Make time setting (BBMTIME=0, BBMCLKS=0). In case slower slopes have to be used, e.g. with large MOSFETs, ensure that the break-before-make time (BBMTIME, optionally use BBMCLKS for times >200ns) sufficiently covers the switching event, in order to avoid bridge cross conduction. The shortest break-before-make time, safely covering the switching event, gives best results. Add roughly 30% of reserve, to cover production stray of MOSFETs and driver. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 19 3.4 Tuning the MOSFET Bridge A clean switching event is favorable to ensure low power dissipation and good EMC behavior. Unsuitable layout or components endanger stable operation of the circuit. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of parasitic trace inductivity and MOSFET reverse recovery. Stray inductance in power routing will cause ringing whenever the opposite MOSFET is in diode conduction prior to switching on a low-side or high-side MOSFET. Diode conduction occurs during break-before make time whenever the load current is inverse to the following bridge polarity. The MOSFET bulk diode has a certain, type specific reverse recovery time and charge. This time typically is in the range of a few 10ns. During reverse recovery time, the bulk diode will cause high current flow across the bridge. This current is taken from the power supply filter capacitors (see thick lines Figure 3.5). Once the diode opens parasitic inductance tries to keep the current flowing. A high, fast slope results and leads to ringing in all parasitic inductivities (see Figure 3.6). This may lead to bridge voltage undershooting the GND level as well as fast pulses on VS and all MOSFET connections. It must be ensured, that the driver IC does not see spikes on its BM pins to GND going below -5V. Severe VS ripple might overload the charge-pump circuitry. Measure the voltage directly at the driver pins to driver GND. The amount of undershooting depends on energy stored in parasitic inductivities from low side drain to low side source and via the sense resistor RS to GND. When using relatively small MOSFETs, a soft slope control requires a high gate series resistance. This endangers safe MOSFET switch off. Add additional diodes to ensure safe MOSFET off conditions with slow switch-on slopes (shown for right MOSFET pair in Figure 3.5). Figure 3.7 shows performance of the basic circuit after adapting switching slope and adding 1nF bridge output capacitors. +VM RG: Reduce slope and protect the driver against ringing in the interconnections between MOSFET and driver VS 220nF 1R Optional RC filter against VS ringing CA2 CB 4.7µF LOWESR Filter capacitors placed near bridge HA2 HS CA1 HA1 HS Optional gate diodes in combination with very high value of RG CB BMA1 RG RG RG Coil out BMA2 RG LA1 LS RG RG 1n, 100V 1n, 100V LA2 LS SRAH SRAL 47R 2n2 RS 100n 470pF to a few nF output capacitors close to bridge and / or output reduce ringing and improve EMC Capacitor reduces ringing on sense resistor. GNDA GNDD DIE PAD 47R RC-Filter protects SRAH / SRAL and reduces spikes seen by the chopper Additional 1A type Schottky Diodes (selected for full VM range) in combination with RG to 1.0 Ohm) eliminate undershooting of BM in case of high parasitic layout inductivity, e.g. with long interconnections to MOSFETs. Decide use and value of the additional components based on measurements of the actual circuit using the final layout! Figure 3.5 Bridge protection options for power routing inductivity www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 20 ENSURE RELIABLE OPERATION - Use SMD MOSFETs and short interconnections Provide sufficient power filtering capacity close to the bridge and close to VS pin Tune MOSFET switching slopes (measure switch-on event at MOSFET gate) to be slower than the MOSFET bulk diode reverse recovery time. This will reduce cross conduction. Add optional gate resistors close to MOSFET gate and output capacitors to ensure clean switching and reliable operation by minimizing ringing. Figure 3.5 shows the options plus some variations. Some MOSFETs eliminate reverse recovery charge by integrating a fast diode from source to drain. Figure 3.6 Ringing of output (blue) and Gate voltages (Yellow, Cyan) with untuned brige Figure 3.7 Switching event with optimized components (without / after bulk diode conduction) www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 21 BRIDGE OPTIMIZATION EXAMPLE A stepper driver for 6A of motor current has been designed using the MOSFET AOD4126 in the standard schematic. The MOSFETs have a low gate capacitance and offer roughly 50ns slope time at the lowest driver strength setting. At lowest driver strength setting, switching quality is best (Figure 3.6), but still shows a lot of ringing. Low side gate resistors have been added to slightly increase switching slope time following high-side bulk diode conduction by increasing the effect of Gate-Drain (Miller) charge. High side gate resistors have been added for symmetry. Tests showed, that 1nF output capacitors dramatically reduce ringing of the power bridge following bulk diode conduction (Figure 3.7). Figure 3.8 shows the actual components and values after optimization. CA2 HS +VM 470n HA2 4.7µF CA1 HS HA1 4x AOD4126 470n BMA1 10R 10R Coil out BMA2 LA1 LS 10R 10R 1n, 100V 1n, 100V LA2 LS SRAH 47R 50m, 2512 SRAL GNDD GNDA DIE PAD 47R Figure 3.8 Example for bridge with tuned components (see scope shots) BRIDGE LAYOUT CONSIDERATIONS - - - Tune the bridge layout for minimum loop inductivity. A compact layout is best. Keep MOSFET gate connections short and straight and avoid loop inductivity between BM and corresponding HS driver pin. Loop inductance is minimized with parallel traces, or adjacent traces on adjacent layers. A wider trace reduces inductivity (don’t use minimum trace width). Minimize the length of the sense resistor connection to low-side MOSFET source, and place the TMC5160 near the sense resistor’s GND connection, with its GND connections directly connected to the same GND plane. Optimize switching behavior by tuning gate current setting and gate resistors. Add MOSFET bridge output capacitors (470pF to a few nF) to reduce ringing. Measure the performance of the bridge by probing BM pins directly at the bridge or at the TMC5160 using a short GND tip on the scope probe rather than a GND cable, if available. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 3.5 22 Higher Voltage Applications Some applications require higher voltage tolerance, than the TMC5160 can directly support. For peak voltages above 60V, use an external gate driver IC boosting the TMC5160 gate driver outputs. Figure 3.9 shows a sample circuit. It uses one external gate-driver IC for each half-bridge, to boost the TMC5160 outputs. BBM control still is done by TMC5160. These ICs are 12V tolerant, so the TMC5160 output signals can be directly used for driving their control inputs. The BM pins however need to be kept near GND, in order to yield a GND-related high side control signal. By attaching BM to the respective sense resistor, the short to VS protection still can react to overcurrent conditions. Limit short detection voltage drop to 0.5V…0.8V to avoid high side outputs to reach a too high level. Highside short protection has to be disabled using CHOPCONF.diss2g, as it cannot work in this circuit configuration. Keep layout and all interconnections compact, in order to avoid disturbance by parasitic effects. Also consult application notes for the selected gate driver ICs. +12V +VM 8-14V for gate driving Motor voltage that exceeds drive capabilities of TMC5160, e.g. 60V-100V Charge pump for high dutycycle support CE VS 100n 16V VCP CPO CPI 2.2u 22n 100V 22k VSA 100n 2.2µ 2.2µ CB2 12VOUT 11.5V Voltage regulator 5VOUT 5V Voltage regulator charge pump HS 470n CB1 HS VDD HB1 VCC BMB2 One bridge shown LS LS HS HI BMB1 2R2 470n 22n HB2 12V level gate control signals LB1 HO LM5109 gate driver HB LI 1µ LO B.Dwersteg, © TRINAMIC 2014 Figure 3.9 External Gate Driver Example www.trinamic.com 12V RG VSS LB2 Low-Side overcurrent sensing @ Rs SRBH Chopper Gate drive shown for one half bridge RG 47R 1n-2.2n SRBL RS 47R 100n Keep inductivity of the fat interconnections as small as possible! S N stepper motor TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 4 23 SPI Interface 4.1 SPI Datagram Structure The TMC5160 uses 40 bit SPI™ (Serial Peripheral Interface, SPI is Trademark of Motorola) datagrams for communication with a microcontroller. Microcontrollers which are equipped with hardware SPI are typically able to communicate using integer multiples of 8 bit. The NCS line of the device must be handled in a way, that it stays active (low) for the complete duration of the datagram transmission. Each datagram sent to the device is composed of an address byte followed by four data bytes. This allows direct 32 bit data word communication with the register set. Each register is accessed via 32 data bits even if it uses less than 32 data bits. For simplification, each register is specified by a one-byte address: - For a read access the most significant bit of the address byte is 0. - For a write access the most significant bit of the address byte is 1. Most registers are write-only registers, some can be read additionally, and there are also some read only registers. SPI DATAGRAM STRUCTURE MSB (transmitted first) 40 bit 39 ... → 8 bit address  8 bit SPI status ... 0  → 32 bit data 39 ... 32 → to TMC5160 RW + 7 bit address  from TMC5160 8 bit SPI status W 39 / 38 ... 32 38...32 LSB (transmitted last) 31 ... 0 8 bit data 8 bit data 31 ... 24 31...28 27...24 23 ... 16 23...20 19...16 8 bit data 8 bit data 15 ... 8 15...12 7 ... 0 11...8 7...4 3...0 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 4.1.1 Selection of Write / Read (WRITE_notREAD) The read and write selection is controlled by the MSB of the address byte (bit 39 of the SPI datagram). This bit is 0 for read access and 1 for write access. So, the bit named W is a WRITE_notREAD control bit. The active high write bit is the MSB of the address byte. So, 0x80 has to be added to the address for a write access. The SPI interface always delivers data back to the master, independent of the W bit. The data transferred back is the data read from the address which was transmitted with the previous datagram, if the previous access was a read access. If the previous access was a write access, then the data read back mirrors the previously received write data. So, the difference between a read and a write access is that the read access does not transfer data to the addressed register but it transfers the address only and its 32 data bits are dummies, and, further the following read or write access delivers back the data read from the address transmitted in the preceding read cycle. A read access request datagram uses dummy write data. Read data is transferred back to the master with the subsequent read or write access. Hence, reading multiple registers can be done in a pipelined fashion. Whenever data is read from or written to the TMC5160, the MSBs delivered back contain the SPI status, SPI_STATUS, a number of eight selected status bits. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 24 Example: For a read access to the register (XACTUAL) with the address 0x21, the address byte has to be set to 0x21 in the access preceding the read access. For a write access to the register (VACTUAL), the address byte has to be set to 0x80 + 0x22 = 0xA2. For read access, the data bit might have any value (-). So, one can set them to 0. action read XACTUAL read XACTUAL write VMAX:= 0x00ABCDEF write VMAX:= 0x00123456 data sent to TMC5160 → 0x2100000000 → 0x2100000000 → 0xA700ABCDEF → 0xA700123456 data received from TMC5160  0xSS & unused data  0xSS & XACTUAL  0xSS & XACTUAL  0xSS00ABCDEF *)S: is a placeholder for the status bits SPI_STATUS 4.1.2 SPI Status Bits Transferred with Each Datagram Read Back New status information becomes latched at the end of each access and is available with the next SPI transfer. SPI_STATUS – status flags transmitted with each SPI access in bits 39 to 32 Bit Name Comment 7 status_stop_r 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 status_stop_l position_reached velocity_reached standstill sg2 driver_error reset_flag RAMP_STAT[1] – 1: Signals stop right switch status (motion controller only) RAMP_STAT[0] – 1: Signals stop left switch status (motion controller only) RAMP_STAT[9] – 1: Signals target position reached (motion controller only) RAMP_STAT[8] – 1: Signals target velocity reached (motion controller only) DRV_STATUS[31] – 1: Signals motor stand still DRV_STATUS[24] – 1: Signals StallGuard flag active GSTAT[1] – 1: Signals driver 1 driver error (clear by reading GSTAT) GSTAT[0] – 1: Signals, that a reset has occurred (clear by reading GSTAT) 4.1.3 Data Alignment All data are right aligned. Some registers represent unsigned (positive) values, some represent integer values (signed) as two’s complement numbers, single bits or groups of bits are represented as single bits respectively as integer groups. 4.2 SPI Signals The SPI bus on the TMC5160 has four signals: - SCK – bus clock input - SDI – serial data input - SDO – serial data output - CSN – chip select input (active low) The slave is enabled for an SPI transaction by a low on the chip select input CSN. Bit transfer is synchronous to the bus clock SCK, with the slave latching the data from SDI on the rising edge of SCK and driving data to SDO following the falling edge. The most significant bit is sent first. A minimum of 40 SCK clock cycles is required for a bus transaction with the TMC5160. If more than 40 clocks are driven, the additional bits shifted into SDI are shifted out on SDO after a 40-clock delay through an internal shift register. This can be used for daisy chaining multiple chips. CSN must be low during the whole bus transaction. When CSN goes high, the contents of the internal shift register are latched into the internal control register and recognized as a command from the master to the slave. If more than 40 bits are sent, only the last 40 bits received before the rising edge of CSN are recognized as the command. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 25 4.3 Timing The SPI interface is synchronized to the internal system clock, which limits the SPI bus clock SCK to half of the system clock frequency. If the system clock is based on the on-chip oscillator, an additional 10% safety margin must be used to ensure reliable data transmission. All SPI inputs as well as the ENN input are internally filtered to avoid triggering on pulses shorter than 20ns. Figure 4.1 shows the timing parameters of an SPI bus transaction, and the table below specifies their values. CSN tCC tCL tCH tCH tCC SCK tDU SDI bit39 tDH bit38 bit0 tDO SDO tZC bit39 bit38 bit0 Figure 4.1 SPI timing Hint Usually this SPI timing is referred to as SPI MODE 3 SPI interface timing Parameter SCK valid before or after change of CSN AC-Characteristics clock period: tCLK Symbol tCC fSCK fSCK assumes synchronous CLK tCSH SCK low time tCL SCK high time tCH www.trinamic.com Min Typ Max 10 *) Min time is for synchronous CLK with SCK high one tCH before CSN high only *) Min time is for synchronous CLK only *) Min time is for synchronous CLK only assumes minimum OSC frequency CSN high time SCK frequency using internal clock SCK frequency using external 16MHz clock SDI setup time before rising edge of SCK SDI hold time after rising edge of SCK Data out valid time after falling SCK clock edge SDI, SCK and CSN filter delay time Conditions Unit ns tCLK*) >2tCLK+10 ns tCLK*) >tCLK+10 ns tCLK*) >tCLK+10 ns 4 MHz 8 MHz tDU 10 ns tDH 10 ns tDO no capacitive load on SDO tFILT rising and falling edge 12 20 tFILT+5 ns 30 ns TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 5 26 UART Single Wire Interface The UART single wire interface allows the control of the TMC5160 with any microcontroller UART. It shares transmit and receive line like an RS485 based interface. Data transmission is secured using a cyclic redundancy check, so that increased interface distances (e.g. over cables between two PCBs) can be bridged without the danger of wrong or missed commands even in the event of electro-magnetic disturbance. The automatic baud rate detection and an advanced addressing scheme make this interface easy and flexible to use. 5.1 Datagram Structure 5.1.1 Write Access UART WRITE ACCESS DATAGRAM STRUCTURE each byte is LSB…MSB, highest byte transmitted first 0 … 63 8 bit slave RW + 7 bit sync + reserved 32 bit data address register addr. 56…63 63 … CRC 56 55 … 24…55 data bytes 3, 2, 1, 0 (high to low byte) 24 1 23 … 16…23 register address 16 4 15 3 … 2 SLAVEADDR 8 0 7 1 6 0 5 1 1 8…15 Reserved (don’t cares but included in CRC) 0 0…7 CRC A sync nibble precedes each transmission to and from the TMC5160 and is embedded into the first transmitted byte, followed by an addressing byte. Each transmission allows a synchronization of the internal baud rate divider to the master clock. The actual baud rate is adapted and variations of the internal clock frequency are compensated. Thus, the baud rate can be freely chosen within the valid range. Each transmitted byte starts with a start bit (logic 0, low level on SWP) and ends with a stop bit (logic 1, high level on SWP). The bit time is calculated by measuring the time from the beginning of start bit (1 to 0 transition) to the end of the sync frame (1 to 0 transition from bit 2 to bit 3). All data is transmitted byte wise. The 32 bit data words are transmitted with the highest byte first. A minimum baud rate of 9000 baud is permissible, assuming 20 MHz clock (worst case for low baud rate). Maximum baud rate is fCLK/16 due to the required stability of the baud clock. The slave address is determined by the register SLAVEADDR. If the external address pin NEXTADDR is set, the slave address becomes incremented by one. The communication becomes reset if a pause time of longer than 63 bit times between the start bits of two successive bytes occurs. This timing is based on the last correctly received datagram. In this case, the transmission needs to be restarted after a failure recovery time of minimum 12 bit times of bus idle time. This scheme allows the master to reset communication in case of transmission errors. Any pulse on an idle data line below 16 clock cycles will be treated as a glitch and leads to a timeout of 12 bit times, for which the data line must be idle. Other errors like wrong CRC are also treated the same way. This allows a safe re-synchronization of the transmission after any error conditions. Remark, that due to this mechanism an abrupt reduction of the baud rate to less than 15 percent of the previous value is not possible. Each accepted write datagram becomes acknowledged by the receiver by incrementing an internal cyclic datagram counter (8 bit). Reading out the datagram counter allows the master to check the success of an initialization sequence or single write accesses. Read accesses do not modify the counter. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 5.1.2 27 Read Access UART READ ACCESS REQUEST DATAGRAM STRUCTURE each byte is LSB…MSB, highest byte transmitted first 8…15 16…23 24…31 31 … CRC 24 23 0 … 16 register address 15 … SLAVEADDR 8 0 7 1 6 0 5 1 Reserved (don’t cares but included in CRC) 4 0...7 3 CRC 2 RW + 7 bit register address 1 8 bit slave address 0 sync + reserved The read access request datagram structure is identical to the write access datagram structure, but uses a lower number of user bits. Its function is the addressing of the slave and the transmission of the desired register address for the read access. The TMC5160 responds with the same baud rate as the master uses for the read request. In order to ensure a clean bus transition from the master to the slave, the TMC5160 does not immediately send the reply to a read access, but it uses a programmable delay time after which the first reply byte becomes sent following a read request. This delay time can be set in multiples of eight bit times using SENDDELAY time setting (default=8 bit times) according to the needs of the master. In a multi-slave system, set SENDDELAY to min. 2 for all slaves. Otherwise a non-addressed slaves might detect a transmission error upon read access to a different slave. UART READ ACCESS REPLY DATAGRAM STRUCTURE each byte is LSB…MSB, highest byte transmitted first CRC 24…55 data bytes 3, 2, 1, 0 (high to low byte) 56…63 63 … CRC 56 55 32 bit data … 0 23 … 15 3 … 2 16…23 register address 0xFF 8 1 reserved (0) 7 0 6 1 5 0 8…15 4 1 0 0…7 16 sync + reserved 24 0 ...... 63 8 bit slave RW + 7 bit address register addr. The read response is sent to the master using address code %1111. The transmitter becomes switched inactive four bit times after the last bit is sent. Address %11111111 is reserved for read accesses going to the master. A slave cannot use this address. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 28 5.2 CRC Calculation An 8 bit CRC polynomial is used for checking both read and write access. It allows detection of up to eight single bit errors. The CRC8-ATM polynomial with an initial value of zero is applied LSB to MSB, including the sync- and addressing byte. The sync nibble is assumed to always be correct. The TMC5160 responds only to correctly transmitted datagrams containing its own slave address. It increases its datagram counter for each correctly received write access datagram. 𝐶𝑅𝐶 = 𝑥 8 + 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 1 + 𝑥 0 SERIAL CALCULATION EXAMPLE CRC = (CRC 52V operation – false detection might result (Reset Default: OTP 6 or 12) SHORTFILTER: Spike filtering bandwidth for short detection 0 (lowest, 100ns), 1 (1µs), 2 (2µs) 3 (3µs) Hint: A good PCB layout will allow using setting 0. Increase value, if erroneous short detection occurs. (Reset Default = %01) shortdelay: Short detection delay 0=750ns: normal, 1=1500ns: high The short detection delay shall cover the bridge switching time. 0 will work for most applications. (Reset Default = 0) DRV_CONF BBMTIME: Break-Before make delay 0=shortest (100ns) … 16 (200ns) … 24=longest (375ns) >24 not recommended, use BBMCLKS instead Hint: Choose the lowest setting safely covering the switching event in order to avoid bridge crossconduction. Add roughly 30% of reserve. (Reset Default = 0) www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 36 GENERAL CONFIGURATION REGISTERS (0X00…0X0F) R/W Addr n Register Description / bit names 11..8 BBMCLKS: 0..15: Digital BBM time in clock cycles (typ. 83ns). The longer setting rules (BBMTIME vs. BBMCLKS). (Reset Default: OTP 4 or 2) 17..16 OTSELECT: Selection of over temperature level for bridge disable, switch on after cool down to 120°C / OTPW level. 00: 150°C 01: 143°C 10: 136°C (not recommended when VSA > 24V) 11: 120°C (not recommended, no hysteresis) 19..18 21..20 7..0 W R 0x0B 0x0C 8 16 www.trinamic.com GLOBAL SCALER OFFSET_ READ Hint: Adapt overtemperature threshold as required to protect the MOSFETs or other components on the PCB. (Reset Default = %00) DRVSTRENGTH: Selection of gate driver current. Adapts the gate driver current to the gate charge of the external MOSFETs. 00: weak 01: weak+TC (medium above OTPW level) 10: medium 11: strong Hint: Choose the lowest setting giving slopes 128 recommended for best results (Reset Default = 0) Offset calibration result phase A (signed) Offset calibration result phase B (signed) TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 6.1.1 37 OTP_READ – OTP configuration memory The OTP memory holds power up defaults for certain registers. All OTP memory bits are cleared to 0 by default. Programming only can set bits, clearing bits is not possible. Factory tuning of the clock frequency affects otp0.0 to otp0.4. The state of these bits therefore may differ between individual ICs. 0X07: OTP_READ – OTP MEMORY MAP Bit 7 Name otp0.7 Function otp_TBL 6 otp0.6 otp_BBM 5 otp0.5 otp_S2_LEVEL 4 3 2 1 0 otp0.4 otp0.3 otp0.2 otp0.1 otp0.0 OTP_FCLKTRIM www.trinamic.com Comment Reset default for TBL: 0: TBL=%10 (~3µs) 1: TBL=%01 (~2µs) Reset default for DRVCONF.BBMCLKS 0: BBMCLKS=4 1: BBMCLKS=2 Reset default for Short detection Levels: 0: S2G_LEVEL = S2VS_LEVEL = 6 1: S2G_LEVEL = S2VS_LEVEL = 12 Reset default for FCLKTRIM 0: lowest frequency setting 31: highest frequency setting Attention: This value is pre-programmed by factory clock trimming to the default clock frequency of 12MHz and differs between individual ICs! It should not be altered. TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 38 6.2 Velocity Dependent Driver Feature Control Register Set VELOCITY DEPENDENT DRIVER FEATURE CONTROL REGISTER SET (0X10…0X1F) R/W W Addr n 0x10 5 + 5 + 4 Register Description / bit names Bit IHOLD_IRUN – Driver current control 4..0 IHOLD Standstill current (0=1/32…31=32/32) In combination with StealthChop mode, setting IHOLD=0 allows to choose freewheeling or coil short circuit for motor stand still. 12..8 IRUN Motor run current (0=1/32…31=32/32) IHOLD_IRUN 19..16 Hint: Choose sense resistors in a way, that normal IRUN is 16 to 31 for best microstep performance. IHOLDDELAY Controls the number of clock cycles for motor power down after a motion as soon as standstill is detected (stst=1) and TPOWERDOWN has expired. The smooth transition avoids a motor jerk upon power down. 0: 1..15: W R 0x11 0x12 8 20 TPOWER DOWN TSTEP instant power down Delay per current reduction step in multiple of 2^18 clocks TPOWERDOWN sets the delay time after stand still (stst) of the motor to motor current power down. Time range is about 0 to 4 seconds. Attention: A minimum setting of 2 is required to allow automatic tuning of StealthChop PWM_OFFS_AUTO. Reset Default = 10 0…((2^8)-1) * 2^18 tCLK Actual measured time between two 1/256 microsteps derived from the step input frequency in units of 1/fCLK. Measured value is (2^20)-1 in case of overflow or stand still. All TSTEP related thresholds use a hysteresis of 1/16 of the compare value to compensate for jitter in the clock or the step frequency. The flag small_hysteresis modifies the hysteresis to a smaller value of 1/32. (Txxx*15/16)-1 or (Txxx*31/32)-1 is used as a second compare value for each comparison value. This means, that the lower switching velocity equals the calculated setting, but the upper switching velocity is higher as defined by the hysteresis setting. When working with the motion controller, the measured TSTEP for a given velocity V is in the range (224 / V) ≤ TSTEP ≤ 224 / V - 1. In DcStep mode TSTEP will not show the mean velocity of the motor, but the velocities for each microstep, which may not be stable and thus does not represent the real motor velocity in case it runs slower than the target velocity. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 39 VELOCITY DEPENDENT DRIVER FEATURE CONTROL REGISTER SET (0X10…0X1F) R/W Addr n Register W 0x13 20 TPWMTHRS W 0x14 20 TCOOLTHRS Description / bit names This is the upper velocity for StealthChop voltage PWM mode. TSTEP ≥ TPWMTHRS - StealthChop PWM mode is enabled, if configured - DcStep is disabled This is the lower threshold velocity for switching on smart energy CoolStep and StallGuard feature. (unsigned) Set this parameter to disable CoolStep at low speeds, where it cannot work reliably. The stop on stall function (enable with sg_stop when using internal motion controller) and the stall output signal become enabled when exceeding this velocity. In non-DcStep mode, it becomes disabled again once the velocity falls below this threshold. TCOOLTHRS ≥ TSTEP ≥ THIGH: - CoolStep is enabled, if configured - StealthChop voltage PWM mode is disabled TCOOLTHRS ≥ TSTEP - Stop on stall is enabled, if configured - Stall output signal (DIAG0/1) is enabled, if configured This velocity setting allows velocity dependent switching into a different chopper mode and fullstepping to maximize torque. (unsigned) The stall detection feature becomes switched off for 2-3 electrical periods whenever passing THIGH threshold to compensate for the effect of switching modes. W 0x15 20 THIGH TSTEP ≤ THIGH: - CoolStep is disabled (motor runs with normal current scale) - StealthChop voltage PWM mode is disabled - If vhighchm is set, the chopper switches to chm=1 with TFD=0 (constant off time with slow decay, only). - If vhighfs is set, the motor operates in fullstep mode and the stall detection becomes switched over to DcStep stall detection. Microstep velocity time reference t for velocities: TSTEP = fCLK / fSTEP www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 40 6.3 Ramp Generator Registers 6.3.1 Ramp Generator Motion Control Register Set RAMP GENERATOR MOTION CONTROL REGISTER SET (0X20…0X2D) R/W Addr n Register RW 0x20 2 RAMPMODE RW R 0x21 0x22 32 24 XACTUAL VACTUAL W 0x23 18 VSTART W 0x24 16 A1 W 0x25 20 V1 W W W 0x26 0x27 0x28 16 23 16 Description / bit names RAMPMODE: 0: Positioning mode (using all A, D and V parameters) 1: Velocity mode to positive VMAX (using AMAX acceleration) 2: Velocity mode to negative VMAX (using AMAX acceleration) 3: Hold mode (velocity remains unchanged, unless stop event occurs) Actual motor position (signed) Hint: This value normally should only be modified, when homing the drive. In positioning mode, modifying the register content will start a motion. Actual motor velocity from ramp generator (signed) The sign matches the motion direction. A negative sign means motion to lower XACTUAL. Motor start velocity (unsigned) 0x2A 16 +-(2^23)-1 [µsteps / t] 0…(2^18)-1 [µsteps / t] 0…(2^16)-1 [µsteps / ta²] 0…(2^20)-1 [µsteps / t] 0: Disables A1 and D1 phase, use AMAX, DMAX only Second acceleration between V1 and VMAX (unsigned) 0…(2^16)-1 [µsteps / ta²] This is the acceleration and deceleration value for velocity mode. Motion ramp target velocity (for positioning ensure VMAX ≥ VSTART) (unsigned) 0…(2^23)-512 [µsteps / t] AMAX VMAX DMAX This is the target velocity in velocity mode. It can be changed any time during a motion. Deceleration between VMAX and V1 (unsigned) between V1 and VSTOP D1 Attention: Do not set 0 in positioning mode, even if V1=0! www.trinamic.com -2^31… +(2^31)-1 For universal use, set VSTOP ≥ VSTART. This is not required if the motion distance is sufficient to ensure deceleration from VSTART to VSTOP. First acceleration between VSTART and V1 (unsigned) First acceleration / deceleration phase threshold velocity (unsigned) Deceleration (unsigned) W Range [Unit] 0…3 0…(2^16)-1 [µsteps / ta²] 1…(2^16)-1 [µsteps / ta²] TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 41 RAMP GENERATOR MOTION CONTROL REGISTER SET (0X20…0X2D) R/W Addr n Register W 0x2B 18 VSTOP Hint: Set VSTOP ≥ VSTART to allow positioning for short distances TZEROWAIT Attention: Do not set 0 in positioning mode, minimum 10 recommend! Defines the waiting time after ramping down to zero velocity before next movement or direction inversion can start. Time range is about 0 to 2 seconds. W 0x2C 16 Description / bit names Motor stop velocity (unsigned) This setting avoids excess acceleration e.g. from VSTOP to -VSTART. Target position for ramp mode (signed). Write a new target position to this register in order to activate the ramp generator positioning in RAMPMODE=0. Initialize all velocity, acceleration and deceleration parameters before. RW 0x2D 32 XTARGET Hint: The position is allowed to wrap around, thus, XTARGET value optionally can be treated as an unsigned number. Hint: The maximum possible displacement is +/-((2^31)-1). Hint: When increasing V1, D1 or DMAX during a motion, rewrite XTARGET afterwards in order to trigger a second acceleration phase, if desired. www.trinamic.com Range [Unit] 1…(2^18)-1 [µsteps / t] Reset Default=1 0…(2^16)-1 * 512 tCLK -2^31… +(2^31)-1 TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 6.3.2 42 Ramp Generator Driver Feature Control Register Set RAMP GENERATOR DRIVER FEATURE CONTROL REGISTER SET (0X30…0X36) R/W W Addr 0x33 n 23 Register VDCMIN Description / bit names Automatic commutation DcStep becomes enabled above velocity VDCMIN (unsigned) (only when using internal ramp generator, not for STEP/DIR interface – in STEP/DIR mode, DcStep becomes enabled by the external signal DCEN) In this mode, the actual position is determined by the sensorless motor commutation and becomes fed back to XACTUAL. In case the motor becomes heavily loaded, VDCMIN also is used as the minimum step velocity. Activate stop on stall (sg_stop) to detect step loss. 0: Disable, DcStep off |VACT| ≥ VDCMIN ≥ 256: - Triggers the same actions as exceeding THIGH setting. - Switches on automatic commutation DcStep Hint: Also set DCCTRL parameters in order to operate DcStep. RW 0x34 12 R+ WC 0x35 14 R 0x36 32 SW_MODE RAMP_STAT (Only bits 22… 8 are used for value and for comparison) Switch mode configuration See separate table! Ramp status and switch event status See separate table! Ramp generator latch position, latches XACTUAL upon a programmable switch event (see SW_MODE). XLATCH Hint: The encoder position can be latched to ENC_LATCH together with XLATCH to allow consistency checks. Time reference t for velocities: t = 2^24 / fCLK Time reference ta² for accelerations: ta² = 2^41 / (fCLK)² www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 43 6.3.2.1 SW_MODE – Reference Switch & StallGuard2 Event Configuration Register 0X34: SW_MODE – REFERENCE SWITCH AND STALLGUARD2 EVENT CONFIGURATION REGISTER Bit 11 Name en_softstop Comment 0: Hard stop 1: Soft stop The soft stop mode always uses the deceleration ramp settings DMAX, V1, D1, VSTOP and TZEROWAIT for stopping the motor. A stop occurs when the velocity sign matches the reference switch position (REFL for negative velocities, REFR for positive velocities) and the respective switch stop function is enabled. A hard stop also uses TZEROWAIT before the motor becomes released. 10 sg_stop 9 8 en_latch_encoder latch_r_inactive 7 latch_r_active 6 latch_l_inactive 5 latch_l_active Attention: Do not use soft stop in combination with StallGuard2. Use soft stop for StealthChop operation at high velocity. In this case, hard stop must be avoided, as it could result in severe overcurrent. 1: Enable stop by StallGuard2 (also available in DcStep mode). Disable to release motor after stop event. Program TCOOLTHRS for velocity threshold. Hint: Do not enable during motor spin-up, wait until the motor velocity exceeds a certain value, where StallGuard2 delivers a stable result. This velocity threshold should be programmed using TCOOLTHRS. 1: Latch encoder position to ENC_LATCH upon reference switch event. 1: Activates latching of the position to XLATCH upon an inactive going edge on the right reference switch input REFR. The active level is defined by pol_stop_r. 1: Activates latching of the position to XLATCH upon an active going edge on the right reference switch input REFR. Hint: Activate latch_r_active to detect any spurious stop event by reading status_latch_r. 1: Activates latching of the position to XLATCH upon an inactive going edge on the left reference switch input REFL. The active level is defined by pol_stop_l. 1: Activates latching of the position to XLATCH upon an active going edge on the left reference switch input REFL. 4 3 swap_lr pol_stop_r 2 pol_stop_l 1 stop_r_enable Hint: Activate latch_l_active to detect any spurious stop event by reading status_latch_l. 1: Swap the left and the right reference switch input REFL and REFR Sets the active polarity of the right reference switch input 0=non-inverted, high active: a high level on REFR stops the motor 1=inverted, low active: a low level on REFR stops the motor Sets the active polarity of the left reference switch input 0=non-inverted, high active: a high level on REFL stops the motor 1=inverted, low active: a low level on REFL stops the motor 1: Enables automatic motor stop during active right reference switch input 0 stop_l_enable Hint: The motor restarts in case the stop switch becomes released. 1: Enables automatic motor stop during active left reference switch input Hint: The motor restarts in case the stop switch becomes released. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 44 6.3.2.2 RAMP_STAT – Ramp & Reference Switch Status Register 0X35: RAMP_STAT – RAMP AND REFERENCE SWITCH STATUS REGISTER R/W R Bit 13 Name status_sg R+ WC 12 second_move R 11 R R 10 9 R 8 R+ WC 7 t_zerowait_ active vzero position_ reached velocity_ reached event_pos_ reached R+ WC 6 event_stop_ sg R 5 event_stop_r 4 event_stop_l 3 status_latch_r 2 status_latch_l 1 0 status_stop_r status_stop_l R+ WC R www.trinamic.com Comment 1: Signals an active StallGuard2 input from the CoolStep driver or from the DcStep unit, if enabled. Hint: When polling this flag, stall events may be missed – activate sg_stop to be sure not to miss the stall event. 1: Signals that the automatic ramp required moving back in the opposite direction, e.g. due to on-the-fly parameter change (Write ‘1’ to clear) 1: Signals, that TZEROWAIT is active after a motor stop. During this time, the motor is in standstill. 1: Signals, that the actual velocity is 0. 1: Signals, that the target position is reached. This flag becomes set while XACTUAL and XTARGET match. 1: Signals, that the target velocity is reached. This flag becomes set while VACTUAL and VMAX match. 1: Signals, that the target position has been reached (position_reached becoming active). (Write ‘1’ to clear flag and interrupt condition) This bit is ORed to the interrupt output signal. 1: Signals an active StallGuard2 stop event. Resetting the register will clear the stall condition and the motor may re-start motion, unless the motion controller has been stopped. (Write ‘1’ to clear flag and interrupt condition) This bit is ORed to the interrupt output signal. 1: Signals an active stop right condition due to stop switch. The stop condition and the interrupt condition can be removed by setting RAMP_MODE to hold mode or by commanding a move to the opposite direction. In soft_stop mode, the condition will remain active until the motor has stopped motion into the direction of the stop switch. Disabling the stop switch or the stop function also clears the flag, but the motor will continue motion. This bit is ORed to the interrupt output signal. 1: Signals an active stop left condition due to stop switch. The stop condition and the interrupt condition can be removed by setting RAMP_MODE to hold mode or by commanding a move to the opposite direction. In soft_stop mode, the condition will remain active until the motor has stopped motion into the direction of the stop switch. Disabling the stop switch or the stop function also clears the flag, but the motor will continue motion. This bit is ORed to the interrupt output signal. 1: Latch right ready (enable position latching using SW_MODE settings latch_r_active or latch_r_inactive) (Write ‘1’ to clear) 1: Latch left ready (enable position latching using SW_MODE settings latch_l_active or latch_l_inactive) (Write ‘1’ to clear) Reference switch right status (1=active) Reference switch left status (1=active) TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 45 6.4 Encoder Registers Attention: The encoder interface is not available in Step&Direction mode, as the encoder pins serve a different function in that mode. ENCODER REGISTER SET (0X38…0X3C) R/W Addr n Register RW 0x38 11 ENCMODE RW 0x39 32 X_ENC Description / bit names Encoder configuration and use of N channel See separate table! Actual encoder position (signed) Accumulation constant (signed) 16 bit integer part, 16 bit fractional part W 0x3A 32 ENC_CONST X_ENC accumulates +/- ENC_CONST / (2^16*X_ENC) (binary) or +/-ENC_CONST / (10^4*X_ENC) (decimal) ENCMODE bit enc_sel_decimal switches between decimal and binary setting. Use the sign, to match rotation direction! Encoder status information bit 0: n_event bit 1: deviation_warn R+ WC 0x3B 2 ENC_STATUS R 0x3C 32 ENC_LATCH W 0x3D 20 ENC_ DEVIATION www.trinamic.com 1: Event detected. To clear the status bit, write with a 1 bit at the corresponding position. Deviation_warn cannot be cleared while a warning still persists. Set ENC_DEVIATION zero to disable. Both bits are ORed to the interrupt output signal. Encoder position X_ENC latched on N event Maximum number of steps deviation between encoder counter and XACTUAL for deviation warning Result in flag ENC_STATUS.deviation_warn 0=Function is off. Range [Unit] -2^31… +(2^31)-1 binary: ± [µsteps/2^16] ±(0 … 32767.999847) decimal: ±(0.0 … 32767.9999) reset default = 1.0 (=65536) TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 6.4.1 46 ENCMODE – Encoder Register 0X38: ENCMODE – ENCODER REGISTER Bit 10 Name enc_sel_decimal 9 latch_x_act 8 clr_enc_x 7 6 neg_edge pos_edge 5 clr_once 4 clr_cont 3 ignore_AB 2 1 0 pol_N pol_B pol_A www.trinamic.com Comment 0 Encoder prescaler divisor binary mode: Counts ENC_CONST(fractional part) /65536 1 Encoder prescaler divisor decimal mode: Counts in ENC_CONST(fractional part) /10000 1: Also latch XACTUAL position together with X_ENC. Allows latching the ramp generator position upon an N channel event as selected by pos_edge and neg_edge. 0 Upon N event, X_ENC becomes latched to ENC_LATCH only 1 Latch and additionally clear encoder counter X_ENC at N-event n p N channel event sensitivity 0 0 N channel event is active during an active N event level 0 1 N channel is valid upon active going N event 1 0 N channel is valid upon inactive going N event 1 1 N channel is valid upon active going and inactive going N event 1: Latch or latch and clear X_ENC on the next N event following the write access 1: Always latch or latch and clear X_ENC upon an N event (once per revolution, it is recommended to combine this setting with edge sensitive N event) 0 An N event occurs only when polarities given by pol_N, pol_A and pol_B match. 1 Ignore A and B polarity for N channel event Defines active polarity of N (0=low active, 1=high active) Required B polarity for an N channel event (0=neg., 1=pos.) Required A polarity for an N channel event (0=neg., 1=pos.) TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 47 6.5 Motor Driver Registers MICROSTEPPING CONTROL REGISTER SET (0X60…0X6B) R/W Addr n Register MSLUT[0] W 0x60 32 microstep table entries 0…31 MSLUT[1...7] W W W R R 0x61 … 0x67 0x68 0x69 0x6A 0x6B 7 x 32 32 8 + 8 10 9 + 9 www.trinamic.com microstep table entries 32…255 MSLUTSEL MSLUTSTART MSCNT MSCURACT Description / bit names Each bit gives the difference between entry x and entry x+1 when combined with the corresponding MSLUTSEL W bits: 0: W= %00: -1 %01: +0 %10: +1 %11: +2 1: W= %00: +0 %01: +1 %10: +2 %11: +3 This is the differential coding for the first quarter of a wave. Start values for CUR_A and CUR_B are stored for MSCNT position 0 in START_SIN and START_SIN90. ofs31, ofs30, …, ofs01, ofs00 … ofs255, ofs254, …, ofs225, ofs224 This register defines four segments within each quarter MSLUT wave. Four 2 bit entries determine the meaning of a 0 and a 1 bit in the corresponding segment of MSLUT. See separate table! bit 7… 0: START_SIN bit 23… 16: START_SIN90 START_SIN gives the absolute current at microstep table entry 0. START_SIN90 gives the absolute current for microstep table entry at positions 256. Start values are transferred to the microstep registers CUR_A and CUR_B, whenever the reference position MSCNT=0 is passed. Microstep counter. Indicates actual position in the microstep table for CUR_A. CUR_B uses an offset of 256 (2 phase motor). Hint: Move to a position where MSCNT is zero before re-initializing MSLUTSTART or MSLUT and MSLUTSEL. bit 8… 0: CUR_A (signed): Actual microstep current for motor phase A as read from MSLUT (not scaled by current) bit 24… 16: CUR_B (signed): Actual microstep current for motor phase B as read from MSLUT (not scaled by current) Range [Unit] 32x 0 or 1 reset default= sine wave table 7x 32x 0 or 1 reset default= sine wave table 0 1024 clock STEP input, or via the internal VDCMIN setting. - DCIN – Commands the driver to wait with step execution and to disable DCO. This input can be used for synchronization of multiple drivers operating with DcStep. 17.6.1 Using LOST_STEPS for DcStep Operation This is the simplest possibility to integrate DcStep with an external motion controller: The external motion controller enables DcStep using DCEN or the internal velocity threshold. The TMC5160 tries to follow the steps. In case it needs to slow down the motor, it counts the difference between incoming steps on the STEP signal and steps going to the motor. The motion controller can read out the difference and compensate for the difference after the motion or on a cyclic basis. Figure 17.3 shows the principle (simplified). In case the motor driver needs to postpone steps due to detection of a mechanical overload in DcStep, and the motion controller does not react to this by pausing the step generation, LOST_STEPS becomes incremented or decremented (depending on the direction set by DIR) with each step which is not taken. This way, the number of lost steps can be read out and executed later on or be appended to the motion. As the driver needs to slow down the motor while the overload situation persists, the application will benefit from a high microstepping resolution, because it allows more seamless acceleration or deceleration in DcStep operation. In case the application is completely blocked, VDCMIN sets a lower limit to the step execution. If the motor velocity falls below this limit, however an unknown number of steps is lost and the motor position is not exactly known any more. DCIN allows for step synchronization of two drivers: it stops the execution of steps if low and sets DCO low. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 103 Light motor overload reduces effective motor velocity Actual motor velocity VTARGET VDCMIN 0 +IMAX Phase Current (one phase shown) Steps from STEP input skipped by the driver due to light motor overload Theoretical sine wave corresponding to fullstep pattern 0 -IMAX STEP LOSTSTEPS would count down if motion direction is negative LOSTSTEPS 0 2 4 8 12 16 20 22 24 dcStep enabled continuosly DC_EN DC_OUT DCO signals that the driver is not ready for new steps. In this case, the controller does not react to this information. Figure 17.3 Motor moving slower than STEP input due to light overload. LOSTSTEPS incremented 17.6.2 DCO Interface to Motion Controller In STEP/DIR mode, DCEN enables DcStep. It is up to the external motion controller to enable DcStep either, once a minimum step velocity is exceeded within the motion ramp, or to use the automatic threshold VDCMIN for DcStep enable. The STEP/DIR interface works in microstep resolution, even if the internal step execution is based on fullstep. This way, no switching to a different mode of operation is required within the motion controller. The DcStep output DCO signals if the motor is ready for the next step based on the DcStep measurement of the motor. If the motor has not yet mechanically taken the last step, this step cannot be executed, and the driver stops automatically before execution of the next fullstep. This situation is signaled by DCO. The external motion controller shall stop step generation if DCOUT is low and wait until it becomes high again. Figure 17.5 shows this principle. The driver buffers steps during the waiting period up to the number of microstep setting minus one. In case, DCOUT does not go high within the lower step limit time e.g. due to a severe motor overload, a step can be enforced: override the stop status by a long STEP pulse with min. 1024 system clocks length. When using internal clock, a pulse length of minimum 125µs is recommended. DIR STEP µC or Motion Controller TMC5160 DCEN DCO DCIN Optional axis synchronization Figure 17.4 Full signal interconnection for DcStep www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 104 Increasing mechanical load forces slower motion Theoretical sine wave corresponding to fullstep pattern +IMAX Phase Current (one phase shown) 0 -IMAX Long pulse = override motor block situation STEP STEP_FILT_INTERN ∆2 ∆2 ∆2 ∆2 ∆2 ∆2 ∆2 DCEN INTCOM DCO DC_OUT TIMEOUT (in controller) TIMOUT counter in controller ∆2 = MRES (number of microsteps per fullstep) Figure 17.5 DCO Interface to motion controller – step generator stops when DCO is asserted www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 105 18 Sine-Wave Look-up Table The TMC5160 driver provides a programmable look-up table for storing the microstep current wave. As a default, the table is pre-programmed with a sine wave, which is a good starting point for most stepper motors. Reprogramming the table to a motor specific wave allows drastically improved microstepping especially with low-cost motors. 18.1 User Benefits Microstepping Motor Torque – – – extremely improved with low cost motors runs smooth and quiet reduced mechanical resonances yields improved torque 18.2 Microstep Table In order to minimize required memory and the amount of data to be programmed, only a quarter of the wave becomes stored. The internal microstep table maps the microstep wave from 0° to 90°. It becomes symmetrically extended to 360°. When reading out the table the 10-bit microstep counter MSCNT addresses the fully extended wave table. The table is stored in an incremental fashion, using each one bit per entry. Therefore only 256 bits (ofs00 to ofs255) are required to store the quarter wave. These bits are mapped to eight 32 bit registers. Each ofs bit controls the addition of an inclination Wx or Wx+1 when advancing one step in the table. When Wx is 0, a 1 bit in the table at the actual microstep position means “add one” when advancing to the next microstep. As the wave can have a higher inclination than 1, the base inclinations Wx can be programmed to -1, 0, 1, or 2 using up to four flexible programmable segments within the quarter wave. This way even negative inclination can be realized. The four inclination segments are controlled by the position registers X1 to X3. Inclination segment 0 goes from microstep position 0 to X1-1 and its base inclination is controlled by W0, segment 1 goes from X1 to X2-1 with its base inclination controlled by W1, etc. When modifying the wave, care must be taken to ensure a smooth and symmetrical zero transition when the quarter wave becomes expanded to a full wave. The maximum resulting swing of the wave should be adjusted to a range of -248 to 248, in order to give the best possible resolution while leaving headroom for the hysteresis based chopper to add an offset. W3: -1/+0 256 W2: +0/+1 W1: +1/+2 W0: +2/+3 y 248 START_SIN90 0 X1 X2 X3 LUT stores entries 0 to 255 255 256 START_SIN -248 Figure 18.1 LUT programming example www.trinamic.com 512 768 0 MSCNT TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 106 When the microstep sequencer advances within the table, it calculates the actual current values for the motor coils with each microstep and stores them to the registers CUR_A and CUR_B. However the incremental coding requires an absolute initialization, especially when the microstep table becomes modified. Therefore CUR_A and CUR_B become initialized whenever MSCNT passes zero. Two registers control the starting values of the tables: - As the starting value at zero is not necessarily 0 (it might be 1 or 2), it can be programmed into the starting point register START_SIN. - In the same way, the start of the second wave for the second motor coil needs to be stored in START_SIN90. This register stores the resulting table entry for a phase shift of 90° for a 2phase motor. Hint Refer chapter 6.5 for the register set and for the default table function stored in the drivers. The default table is a good base for realizing an own table. The TMC5160-EVAL comes with a calculation tool for own waves. Initialization example for the default microstep table: MSLUT[0]= MSLUT[1]= MSLUT[2]= MSLUT[3]= MSLUT[4]= MSLUT[5]= MSLUT[6]= MSLUT[7]= %10101010101010101011010101010100 %01001010100101010101010010101010 %00100100010010010010100100101001 %00010000000100000100001000100010 %11111011111111111111111111111111 %10110101101110110111011101111101 %01001001001010010101010101010110 %00000000010000000100001000100010 = = = = = = = = 0xAAAAB554 0x4A9554AA 0x24492929 0x10104222 0xFBFFFFFF 0xB5BB777D 0x49295556 0x00404222 MSLUTSEL= 0xFFFF8056: X1=128, X2=255, X3=255 W3=%01, W2=%01, W1=%01, W0=%10 MSLUTSTART= 0x00F70000: START_SIN_0= 0, START_SIN90= 247 19 Emergency Stop The driver provides a negative active enable pin ENN to safely switch off all power MOSFETs. This allows putting the motor into freewheeling. Further, it is a safe hardware function whenever an emergency-stop not coupled to software is required. Some applications may require the driver to be put into a state with active holding current or with a passive braking mode. This is possible by programming the pin ENCA_DCIN to act as a step disable function. Set GCONF flag stop_enable to activate this option. Whenever ENCA_DCIN becomes pulled up, the motor will stop abruptly and go to the power down state, as configured via IHOLD, IHOLDDELAY and StealthChop standstill options. Disabling the driver via ENN will require three clock cycles to safely switch off the driver. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 107 20 ABN Incremental Encoder Interface The TMC5160 is equipped with an incremental encoder interface for ABN encoders. The encoder inputs are multiplexed with other signals in order to keep the pin count of the device low. The basic selection of the peripheral configuration is set by the register GCONF. The use of the N channel is optional, as some applications might use a reference switch or stall detection rather than an encoder N channel for position referencing. The encoders give positions via digital incremental quadrature signals (usually named A and B) and a clear signal (usually named N for null or Z for zero). N SIGNAL The N signal can be used to clear the position counter or to take a snapshot. To continuously monitor the N channel and trigger clearing of the encoder position or latching of the position, where the N channel event has been detected, set the flag clr_cont. Alternatively it is possible to react to the next encoder N channel event only, and automatically disable the clearing or latching of the encoder position after the first N signal event (flag clr_once). This might be desired because the encoder gives this signal once for each revolution. Some encoders require a validation of the N signal by a certain configuration of A and B polarity. This can be controlled by pol_A and pol_B flags in the ENCMODE register. For example, when both pol_A and pol_B are set, an active N-event is only accepted during a high polarity of both, A and B channel. For clearing the encoder position ENC_POS with the next active N event set clr_enc_x = 1 and clr_once = 1 or clr_cont = 1. Position -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A B N t Figure 20.1 Outline of ABN signals of an incremental encoder THE ENCODER CONSTANT ENC_CONST The encoder constant ENC_CONST is added to or subtracted from the encoder counter on each polarity change of the quadrature signals AB of the incremental encoder. The encoder constant ENC_CONST represents a signed fixed point number (16.16) to facilitate the generic adaption between motors and encoders. In decimal mode, the lower 16 bits represent a number between 0 and 9999. For stepper motors equipped with incremental encoders the fixed number representation allows very comfortable parameterization. Additionally, mechanical gearing can easily be taken into account. Negating the sign of ENC_CONST allows inversion of the counting direction to match motor and encoder direction. Examples: - Encoder factor of 1.0: ENC_CONST = 0x0001.0x0000 = FACTOR.FRACTION - Encoder factor of -1.0: ENC_CONST = 0xFFFF.0x0000. This is the two’s complement of 0x00010000. It equals (2^16-(FACTOR+1)).(2^16-FRACTION) - Decimal mode encoder factor 25.6: 00025.6000 = 0x0019.0x1770 = FACTOR.DECIMALS www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) - 108 Decimal mode encoder factor -25.6: 0xFFE6.4000 = 0xFFE6.0x0FAO. This equals (2^16(FACTOR+1)).(10000-DECIMALS) THE ENCODER COUNTER X_ENC The encoder counter X_ENC holds the current encoder position ready for read out. Different modes concerning handling of the signals A, B, and N take into account active low and active high signals found with different types of encoders. For more details please refer to the register mapping in section 6.4. THE REGISTER ENC_STATUS The register ENC_STATUS holds the status concerning the event of an encoder clear upon an N channel signals. The register ENC_LATCH stores the actual encoder position on an N signal event. 20.1 Encoder Timing The encoder inputs use analog and digital filtering to ensure reliable operation even with increased cable length. The maximum continuous counting rate is limited by input filtering to 2/3 of fCLK. Encoder interface timing AC-Characteristics clock period is tCLK Parameter Encoder counting frequency A/B/N input low time A/B/N input high time A/B/N spike filtering time Symbol Conditions fCNT tABNL tABNH tFILTABN Rising and falling edge Min Typ 0 to enable the driver. In this mode the driver behaves like a 4-quadrant power supply. The direct mode setting of PWM A and PWM B using XTARGET controls motor voltage, and thus the motor velocity. Setting the corresponding PWM bits between -255 and +255 (signed, two’s complement numbers) will vary motor voltage from -100% to 100%. With pwm_autoscale = 0, current sensing is not used and the sense resistors should be eliminated or 150mΩ or less to avoid excessive voltage drop when the motor becomes heavily loaded up to 2.5A. Especially for higher current motors, make sure to slowly accelerate and decelerate the motor in order to avoid overcurrent or triggering driver overcurrent detection. To activate optional motor freewheeling, set IHOLD = 0 and FREEWHEEL = %01. ADDITIONAL TORQUE LIMIT In order to additionally take advantage of the motor current limitation (and thus torque controlled operation) in StealthChop mode, use automatic current scaling (pwm_autoscale = 1, PWM_OFS = 30). The actual current limit is given by IHOLD and scaled by the respective motor PWM amplitude, e.g. PWM = 128 yields in 50% motor velocity and 50% of the current limit set by IHOLD. In case two DC motors are driven in voltage PWM mode, note that the automatic current regulation will work only for the motor which has the higher absolute PWM setting. The PWM of the second motor also will be scaled down in case the motor with higher PWM setting reaches its current limitation. PURELY TORQUE LIMITED OPERATION For a purely torque limited operation of one or two motors, spread cycle chopper individually regulates motor current for both full bridge motor outputs. When using SpreadCycle, the upper motor velocity is limited by the supply voltage only (or as determined by the load on the motor). 21.1 Solenoid Operation The same way, one or two solenoids (i.e. magnetic coil actuators) can be operated using SpreadCycle chopper. For solenoids, it is often desired to have an increased current for a short time after switching on, and reduce the current once the magnetic element has switched. This is automatically possible by taking advantage of the automatic current scaling (IRUN, IHOLD, IHOLDDELAY and TPOWERDOWN). The current scaling in direct_mode is still active, but will not be triggered if no step impulse is supplied. Therefore, a step impulse must be given to the STEP input whenever one of the coils shall be switched on. This will increase the current for both coils at the same time. www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 111 22 Quick Configuration Guide This guide is meant as a practical tool to come to a first configuration and do a minimum set of measurements and decisions for tuning the driver. It does not cover all advanced functionalities, but concentrates on the basic function set to make a motor run smoothly. Once the motor runs, you may decide to explore additional features, e.g. freewheeling and further functionality in more detail. A current probe on one motor coil is a good aid to find the best settings, but it is not a must. CURRENT SETTING AND FIRST STEPS WITH STEALTHCHOP Current Setting stealthChop Configuration Check hardware setup and motor RMS current GCONF set en_pwm_mode Set GLOBALSCALER as required to reach maximum motor current at I_RUN=31 PWMCONF set pwm_autoscale, set pwm_autograd Set I_RUN as desired up to 31, I_HOLD 70% of I_RUN or lower Set I_HOLD_DELAY to 1 to 15 for smooth standstill current decay PWMCONF select PWM_FREQ with regard to fCLK for 2040kHz PWM frequency Set TPOWERDOWN up to 255 for delayed standstill current reduction CHOPCONF Enable chopper using basic config., e.g.: TOFF=5, TBL=2, HSTART=4, HEND=0 Configure Chopper to test current settings Execute automatic tuning procedure AT Move the motor by slowly accelerating from 0 to VMAX operation velocity Is performance good up to VMAX? Y SC2 Figure 22.1 Current setting and first steps with StealthChop www.trinamic.com N Select a velocity threshold for switching to spreadCycle chopper and set TPWMTHRS TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 112 TUNING STEALTHCHOP AND SPREADCYCLE SC2 spreadCycle Configuration Try motion above TPWMTRHRS, if used GCONF en_pwm_mode=0 Coil current overshoot upon deceleration? Y PWMCONF decrease PWM_LIM (do not go below about 5) N Move the motor by slowly accelerating from 0 to VMAX operation velocity Go to motor stand still and check motor current at IHOLD=IRUN Stand still current too high? CHOPCONF Enable chopper using basic config.: TOFF=5, TBL=2, HSTART=0, HEND=0 Y CHOPCONF, PWMCONF decrease TBL or PWM frequency and check impact on motor motion N Optimize spreadCycle configuration if TPWMTHRS used Monitor sine wave motor coil currents with current probe at low velocity Current zero crossing smooth? N CHOPCONF increase HEND (max. 15) Y CHOPCONF decrease TOFF (min. 2), try lower / higher TBL or reduce motor current Y CHOPCONF decrease HEND and increase HSTART (max. 7) Y Move motor very slowly or try at stand still Audible Chopper noise? N Move motor at medium velocity or up to max. velocity Audible Chopper noise? Finished or enable coolStep Figure 22.2 Tuning StealthChop and SpreadCycle www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 113 MOVING THE MOTOR USING THE MOTION CONTROLLER Move Motor Move to Target Configure Ramp Parameters RAMPMODE set velocity_positive RAMPMODE set position Start Velocity Set VSTART=0. Higher velcoity for abrupt start (limited by motor). Set AMAX=1000, set VMAX=100000 or different values Configure ramp parameters Stop Velocity Set VSTOP=10, but not below VSTART. Higher velocity for abrupt stop. Set XTARGET Is VSTOP relevant (>>10)? Motor moves, change VMAX as desired Y Set acceleration A1 as desired by application N Change of any parameter desired? Y Set motion parameter as desired Determine velocity, where max. motor torque or current sinks appreciably, write to V1 N Event_POS_ reached active? Y Target is reached Set desired maximum velocity to VMAX AMAX: Set lower acceleration than A1 to allow motor to accelerate up to VMAX DMAX: Use same value as AMAX or higher D1: Use same value as A1 or higher Ready to Move to Target Figure 22.3 Moving the motor using the motion controller www.trinamic.com Set TZEROWAIT to allow motor to recover from jump VSTOP to 0, before going to VSTART N New on-the-fly target? N Y Set TPOWERDOWN time not smaller than TZEROWAIT time. Min. value is TZEROWAIT/512 TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 114 ENABLING COOLSTEP (ONLY IN COMBINATION WITH SPREADCYCLE) Enable coolStep C2 Move the motor by slowly accelerating from 0 to VMAX operation velocity Monitor CS_ACTUAL and motor torque during rapid mechanical load increment within application limits Is coil current sineshaped at VMAX? N Decrease VMAX Does CS_ACTUAL reach IRUN with load before motor stall? Y Set THIGH To match TSTEP at VMAX for upper coolStep velocity limit Finished Monitor SG_RESULT value during medium velocity and check response with mechanical load Does SG_RESULT go down to 0 with load? Y Increase SGT N Increase SEMIN or choose narrower velocity limits N Set TCOOLTHRS slightly above TSTEP at the selected velocity for lower velocity limit COOLCONF Enable coolStep basic config.: SEMIN=1, all other 0 Monitor CS_ACTUAL during motion in velocity range and check response with mechanical load Does CS_ACTUAL reach IRUN with load before motor stall? C2 Figure 22.4 Enabling CoolStep (only in combination with SpreadCycle) www.trinamic.com N Increase SEUP TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 115 SETTING UP DCSTEP Enable dcStep Configure dcStep Stall Detection CHOPCONF Make sure, that TOFF is not less than 3. Use lowest good TBL. Set vhighfs and vhighchm DCCTRL Set DC_SG to 1 + 1/16 the value of DC_TIME Set VDCMIN to about 5% to 20% of the desired operation velocity Set TCOOLTHRS to match TSTEP at a velocity slightly above VDCMIN for lower stallGuard velocity limit DCCTRL Set DC_TIME depending on TBL: %00: 17; %01: 25 %10: 37; %11: 55 SW_MODE Enable sg_stop to stop the motor upon stall detection Start the motor at the targeted velocity VMAX and try to apply load Does the motor reach VMAX and have good torque? Read out RAMP_STAT to clear event_stop_sg and restart the motor N Increase DC_TIME Accelerate the motor from 0 to VMAX Y Does the motor stop during acceleration? Restart the motor and try to slow it down to VDCMIN by applying load Y Decrease TCOOLTHRS to raise the lower velocity for stallGuard N Increase DC_SG N Does the motor reach VDCMIN without step loss? N Decrease DC_TIME or increase TOFF or increase VDCMIN Slow down the motor to VDCMIN by applying load. Further increase load to stall the motor. Y Finished or configure dcStep stall detection Does the motor stop upon the first stall? Y Finished Figure 22.5 Setting up DcStep www.trinamic.com TMC5160/TMC5160A DATASHEET (Rev. 1.14 / 2020-MAY-19) 116 23 Getting Started Please refer to the TMC5160 evaluation board to allow a quick start with the device, and in order to allow interactive tuning of the device setup in your application. Chapter 22 will guide you through the process of correctly setting up all registers. 23.1 Initialization Examples SPI datagram example sequence to enable the driver for step and direction operation and initialize the chopper for SpreadCycle operation and for StealthChop at