DCM™ DC-DC Converter
DCM290P138T600A40
®
S
US
C
C
NRTL
US
Isolated, Regulated DC Converter
Features
Product Ratings
• Isolated, regulated DC-to-DC converter
Operating Input (V)
• Up to 600 W, 43.5 A continuous
Output Power
Max (W)
Min
Nom
Max
• 1239 W/in3 Power density
200
290
378
600
• Wide extended input range 160 – 420 Vdc
160
420
500
• 93% peak efficiency
Output (V) set point
100% load, 25°C
Min
Nom
Max
11.5
13.8
15.5
• Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV) 13.8 V Nominal Output
• 4242 Vdc isolation
• ZVS high frequency (MHz) switching
P (W)
n Enables low-profile, high-density filtering
• Optimized for array operation
600
500
n Up to 8 units – 4800 W
n No power derating needed
n Sharing strategy permits dissimilar line voltages
across an array
160 200
• Fully operational current limit
378
420 Vin (V)
• OV, OC, UV, short circuit and thermal protection
• 4623 through-hole ChiP package
Product Description
n 1.886” x 0.898” x 0.286”
(47.91 mm x 22.8 mm x 7.26 mm)
Typical Applications
•
•
•
•
Transportation
Industrial Systems
Electric Vehicle (EV) / Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)
On-board Power
The DCM Isolated, Regulated DC Converter is a DC-to-DC
converter, operating from an unregulated, wide range input to
generate an isolated 13.8 Vdc output. With its high frequency
zero voltage switching (ZVS) topology, the DCM converter
consistently delivers high efficiency across the input line range.
Modular DCM converters and downstream DC-DC products
support efficient power distribution, providing superior power
system performance and connectivity from a variety of
unregulated power sources to the point-of-load.
Leveraging the thermal and density benefits of Vicor’s ChiP
packaging technology, the DCM module offers flexible thermal
management options with very low top and bottom side
thermal impedances. Thermally-adept ChiP based power
components enable customers to achieve cost effective power
system solutions with previously unattainable system size,
weight and efficiency attributes, quickly and predictably.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 1 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Application
VTR
DCM1
R2_1
TR
R3_1
R1_1
EN
FT
SW1_1
L2_1
HV battery
(160-420V)
L1_1
+IN
+OUT
C3_1
C1_1
-IN
-OUT
C5
LV battery
(12V)
DCM2
R2_2
TR
R3_2
R1_2
C4
EN
FT
SW1_2
L2_2
L1_2
+IN
+OUT
-IN
-OUT
C3_2
C1_2
DCM4
R2_4
TR
R3_4
R1_4
EN
FT
SW1_4
L2_4
L1_4
+IN
+OUT
C3_4
C1_4
-IN
-OUT
Typical Application 1: DCM290P138T600A40 for EV/HEV applications
DCM1
TR
RTR1
R1_1
R3_1
SW1_1
EN
FT
13.8V
L2_1
300V
L1_1
+IN
+OUT
C3_1
C1_1
-IN
C4
-OUT
C5
Picor CoolPower
5V
ZVS Buck
Picor CoolPower
ZVS Buck
Picor CoolPower
ZVS Buck
DCM2
TR
RTR2
R1_2
R3_2
EN
Picor CoolPower
FT
ZVS Buck
SW1_2
L2_2
200V
L1_2
+IN
+OUT
C3_2
C1_2
-IN
Picor CoolPower
ZVS Buck
Picor CoolPower
-OUT
ZVS Buck
Typical Application 2: DCM290P138T600A40 + Picor Point-of-Load
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 2 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
3.3V
DCM290P138T600A40
Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
1
2
+IN
A
A’
+OUT
TR
B
B’
-OUT
EN
C
FT
D
-IN
E
C’ +OUT
D’
-OUT
4623 ChiP Package
Pin Descriptions
Pin
Number
Signal Name
Type
A1
+IN
INPUT POWER
B1
TR
INPUT
Enables and disables trim functionality. Adjusts output voltage when trim active.
C1
EN
INPUT
Enables and disables power supply
D1
FT
OUTPUT
E1
-IN
INPUT POWER
RETURN
Negative input power terminal
A’2, C’2
+OUT
OUTPUT POWER
Positive output power terminal
B’2, D’2
-OUT
OUTPUT POWER
RETURN
Negative output power terminal
Function
Positive input power terminal
Fault monitoring
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 3 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Part Ordering Information
Device
Input Voltage Range
Package Type
Output
Voltage x 10
Temperature Grade
Output Power
Revision
Version
DCM
290
P
138
T
600
A4
0
DCM = DCM
290 = 160 to 420 V
P = ChiP TH
138 = 13.8 V
T = -40 to 125°C
600 = 600 W
A4
Analog Control
Interface Version
Standard Models
Part Number
VIN
Package Type
VOUT
Temperature
Power
Version
DCM290P138T600A40
160 to 420 V
ChiP TH
13.8 V
(11.5 to 15.5 V)
T = -40 to 125°C
600 W
Analog Control
Interface Version
Absolute Maximum Ratings
The absolute maximum ratings below are stress ratings only. Operation at or beyond these maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device.
Electrical specifications do not apply when operating beyond rated operating conditions.
Parameter
Min
Max
Unit
Continuous
Comments
-0.5
460
V
100 ms with a maximum duty cycle of 10%
-0.5
550
V
-1
1
V/µs
TR to - IN
-0.3
3.5
V
EN to -IN
-0.3
3.5
V
-0.3
3.5
V
5
mA
25
V
Input Voltage (+IN to –IN)
Input Voltage Slew Rate
FT to -IN
Output Voltage (+Out to –Out)
Dielectric withstand (input to output)
-0.5
Reinforced insulation
4242
Vdc
Temperature
Operating Internal
-40
125
°C
Storage
-40
125
°C
51
A
Average Output Current
Maximum Output Power (W)
700
600
500
Temperature of:
400
Case top only
Case top and leads
Case top & bottom and leads
300
200
100
0
20
35
50
65
80
95
110
125
Temperature (°C)
Thermal Specified Operating Area: Max Output Power vs. Case Temp, Single unit at minimum full load efficiency
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 4 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Electrical Specifications
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
200
290
378
V
160
290
420
V
8.5
A
Power Input Specification
Input Voltage Range, full power
VIN
Input Voltage Range, extended
VIN-EXTENDED
Inrush current (peak)
IINRP
Module will only startup if input voltage is inside the
range of VIN. After startup, Module can then operate in
the entire VIN-EXTENDED range
With maximum COUT-EXT, full resistive load
Input capacitance (internal)
CIN-INT
Effective value at nominal input voltage
0.8
µF
Input capacitance (internal) ESR
RCIN-INT
At 1 MHz
2.5
mΩ
Input inductance (external)
LIN
Input capacitance (external)
CIN-EXT
Differential mode, with no further line bypassing
Effective value at nominal input voltage
10
0.68
µH
µF
No Load Specification
Input power – disabled
Input power – enabled with no load
Nominal line, see Fig. 2
PQ
0.7
Worst case line, see Fig. 2
Nominal line, see Fig. 3
PNL
2
Worst case line, see Fig. 3
1.5
W
2
W
3
W
8.5
W
Power Output Specification
Output voltage set point
Output voltage trim range
Output voltage load regulation
Output voltage light load regulation
Output voltage temperature
coefficient
VOUT accuracy
VOUT-NOM
VIN = 290 V, trim inactive, at 100% Load, TINT = 25°C
13.66
13.8
13.94
V
VOUT-TRIMMING
Trim range over temp, with > 5% rated load. Specifies
the Low, Nominal and High Trim conditions.
11.5
13.8
15.5
V
0.7263
0.8032
V
2.3
V
ΔVOUT-LOAD
Linear load line. Output voltage increase from full rated
load current to no load (Does not include light load
0.6503
regulation). See Fig. 5 and Sec. Design Guidelines
0% to 5% Load, additional VOUT relative to calculated
load line point; see Fig. 5 and Sec. Design Guidelines
ΔVOUT-LL
ΔVOUT-TEMP
0.0
Nominal, linear temperature coefficient, relative to
TINT = 25 ºC. See Fig. 4 and Sec. Design Guidelines
-1.84
The total output voltage setpoint accuracy from the
%VOUT-ACCURACY calculated ideal Vout based on load, temp and trim.
Excludes ΔVOUT-LL
mV/°C
2.00
%
Rated output power
POUT
Continuous, VOUT ≥ 13.8 V, 200 V ≤ VIN ≤ 378 V
600
W
Rated output current
IOUT
Continuous, VOUT ≤ 13.8 V, 200 V ≤ VIN ≤ 378 V
43.5
A
500
W
A
Derated output power
POUT-DERATED
Continuous, VOUT ≥ 13.8 V,
160 V < VIN < 200 V or 378 V < VIN < 420 V
Derated output current
IOUT-DERATED
Continuous, VOUT ≤ 13.8 V,
160 V < VIN < 200 V or 378 V < VIN < 420 V
36.2
100
Output current limit
IOUT-LM
Of IOUT max. Fully operational current limit
Current limit delay
tIOUT-LIM
The module will power limit in a fast transient event
Efficiency
Output voltage ripple
h
VOUT-PP
105
117
%
1
ms
93.6
%
Full Load, Nominal Line, trim inactive
92.9
Full Load, over VIN and temperature, trim inactive
91.5
%
Full Load, over VIN-EXTENDED and temperature, trim inactive
91.0
%
50% Load, over line, temperature and trim
90.0
%
Over all operating steady-state line, load and trim
conditions, 20 MHz BW, with minimum COUT-EXT
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 5 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
500
mV
DCM290P138T600A40
Electrical Specifications (cont.)
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Power Output Specifications (Cont.)
Output capacitance (internal)
COUT-INT
Effective value at nominal output voltage
Output capacitance (internal) ESR
RCOUT-INT
At 1MHz
Output capacitance (external)
COUT-EXT
Electrolytic Capacitor preferred. Excludes component
tolerances and temperature coefficient
Output capacitance, ESR (ext.)
RCOUT-EXT
At 10 kHz, excludes component tolerances
Initialization delay
72
µF
0.06
mΩ
1000
10000
10
mΩ
tINIT
After input voltage first exceeds VIN-INIT
25
Output turn-on delay
tON
From rising edge EN, with VIN pre-applied. See timing
diagram
200
Output turn-off delay
tOFF
From falling edge EN. See timing diagram
Start-up setpoint aquisition time
tSS
Full load (soft-start ramp time) with minimum COUT-EXT
VOUT threshold for max
rated load current
IOUT at startup
Monotonic soft-start threshold
voltage
Minimum required disabled duration
Minimum required disabled duration
for predictable restart
Voltage deviation (transient)
Settling time
VOUT-FL-THRESH
IOUT-START
VOUT-MONOTONIC
tOFF-MIN
tOFF-MONOTONIC
%VOUT-TRANS
tSETTLE
During startup, VOUT must achieve this threshold before
output can support full rated current
Max load current at startup while VOUT
is below VOUT-FL-THRESH
At startup, the DCM output voltage rise becomes
monotonic with a minimum of 25% pre-load once it crosses
VOUT-MONOTONIC, standalone or as a member in an array
This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be
in the disabled state before it will attempt to start via EN
This refers to the minimum time a module needs to be in
the disabled state before it is guaranteed to exhibit
monotonic soft-start and have predictable startup timing
40
ms
µs
600
5.0
µs
ms
10.5
0.1
COUT_EXT = min; (10 ↔ 90% load step), excluding load
line. Load slew rate < 43.5 A/ms
µF
V
A
10.5
V
2
ms
100
ms
VIN-UVLO+ and
not Over-temp
TR mode latched
STANDBY
or
O
L
V LO
t O UV
u
t
p
In npu
I
EN = False
tOFF-MIN delay
SOFT START
VOUT Ramp Up
tss delay
Powertrain: Active
FT = False
RUNNING
tSS Expiry
Ou
tpu
Regulates VOUT
Powertrain: Active
FT = False
or
mp
r-te
P
Ove put UV
Out
REINITIALIZATION
SEQUENCE
tINIT delay
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
Fault Removed
Ov
e
Ou r-tem
tpu
p
t U or
VP
VP
tO
pu
ut
O
tO
VP
NON LATCHED
FAULT
tFAULT
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
LATCHED
FAULT
EN = False
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 9 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
Powertrain: Stopped
FT = True
Output
Input
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 10 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
FT
ILOAD
FULL LOAD
IOUT
VOUT
VOUT-UVP
FULL LOAD
VOUT-NOM
TR
VTR-DIS
EN
VIN
VIN-UVLO+/VIN-INIT
VIN-OVLO+/-
tINIT
tON
1
Input Power On
- Trim Inactive
tSS
2
3
Ramp to TR
Full Load Ignored
tOFF
tMIN_OFF
4
EN
Low
tSS
tON
5
EN
High
tOFF
6
Input
OVLO
tSS
tOFF
7
Input
UVLO
tSS
tOFF
8
Input
returned
to zero
DCM290P138T600A40
Timing Diagrams
Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown.
Output
Input
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 11 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
FT
ILOAD
IOUT
FULL LOAD
VOUT
VOUT-UVP
FULL LOAD
VOUT-NOM
TR
VTR = nom
VTR-EN
EN
VIN
VIN-UVLO+/-
VIN-OVLO+/-
tINIT
tON
9
Input Power On
- Trim Active
tSS
VOUT-OVP
10
Vout
based on
VTR
tOFF
11
Load dump
and reverse
current
tINIT
tON
tSS
12
Vout OVP
(primary
sensed)
13
Latched
fault cleared
RLOAD
tIOUT-LIM
14
Current Limit
with Resistive
Load
tFAULT
15
Resistive
Load with
decresing R
tINIT
16
Overload induced
Output UVP
tON
tSS
DCM290P138T600A40
Timing Diagrams (Cont.)
Module Inputs are shown in blue; Module Outputs are shown in brown.
DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Performance Characteristics
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
16
15
14
Output Voltage (V)
Output Voltage (V)
16
12
10
8
6
14
13
12
11
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
-40
-20
0
Low Trim
Nom Trim
20
40
60
80
100
Baseplate Temperature (°C)
Average Output Current (A)
High Trim
Condition:
Nominal Trim
Minimum trim
Maximum Trim
Figure 4 — VOUT vs. operating temperature trend, at full load
Figure 1 — Electrical Specified Operating Area
and nominal line
2.0
18
Output Voltage (V)
Input Power (W)
16
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
14
12
10
8
6
160
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
420
0
10
TCASE:
-40°C
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
25°C
90°C
Condition:
Figure 2 — Disabled power consumption vs. VIN
Nominal Trim
Minimum trim
Maximum Trim
Figure 5 — VOUT vs. load current trend, at room temperature
and nominal line
Power Dissipation (W)
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
160
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
420
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
-40°C
25°C
90°C
Figure 3 — No load power dissipation vs. VIN, at nominal trim
Figure 6 — Initial startup from EN pin, with soft-start ramp.
VIN = 290 V, COUT_EXT = 10000 µF, RLOAD = 0.317 Ω
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 12 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
45
92
Efficiency (%)
93.5
93.0
92.5
40
90
35
88
30
86
25
20
84
15
92.0
10
5
80
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
10
420
20
30
40
-40°C
25°C
160 V
VIN:
90°C
94.0
80
90
100
290 V
420 V
160 V
290 V
45
92
Efficiency (%)
93.0
92.5
40
90
35
88
30
86
25
20
84
15
92.0
91.5
160
82
10
5
80
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
10
420
20
30
40
-40°C
25°C
160 V
VIN:
90°C
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
290 V
420 V
160 V
290 V
420 V
Figure 11 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.VIN to IOUT,
TCASE = 25°C
Figure 8 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, VOUT = 13.8 V
94.0
94
50
45
92
Efficiency (%)
93.5
93.0
92.5
40
90
35
88
30
86
25
20
84
15
92.0
91.5
160
420 V
50
94
93.5
Efficiiency (%)
70
Figure 10 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.VIN to IOUT,
TCASE = -40°C
Figure 7 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, VOUT = 11.5 V
Efficiiency (%)
60
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
50
82
10
5
80
186
212
238
264
290
316
342
368
394
10
420
20
30
40
-40°C
25°C
90°C
Figure 9 — Full Load Efficiency vs. VIN, VOUT = 15.5 V
50
60
70
80
90
100
Load Current (%)
Input Voltage (V)
TCASE:
Power Dissipation (W)
91.5
160
82
Power Dissipation (W)
Efficiency (%)
50
94
Power Dissipation (W)
94.0
VIN:
160 V
290 V
420 V
160 V
290 V
420 V
Figure 12 — VIN to VOUT efficiency and power dissipation vs.VIN to IOUT,
TCASE = 90°C
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 13 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Typical Performance Characteristics (cont.)
The following figures present typical performance at TC = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. See associated figures for general trend data.
Figure 13 — 10% to 100% load transient response, VIN = 290 V,
Figure 16 — 100% to 10% load transient response, VIN = 290 V,
nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF
nominal trim, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF
1100
1000
VIN (V)
160
900
200
800
290
700
378
600
420
500
Switching Frequency (kHz)
Switching Frequency (kHz)
1100
1000
VOUT
900
Nom Trim
800
Low Trim
700
High Trim
600
500
50
60
70
80
90
100
50
60
70
Load (%)
80
90
100
Load (%)
Figure 17 — Powertrain switching frequency vs. load,
Figure 14 — Powertrain switching frequency vs. load,
at nominal VIN
at nominal trim
Effective Capacitance (µF)
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Voltage (V)
Figure 15 — Effective internal input capacitance vs. applied voltage
Figure 18 — Typical output voltage ripple, VIN = 290 V,
VOUT = 13.8 V, COUT_EXT = 1000 µF, RLOAD = 0.317 Ω
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 14 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
General Characteristics
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Mechanical
Length
L
47.53/ [1.871] 47.91/ [1.886] 48.29/ [1.901]
mm/[in]
Width
W
22.67/ [0.893]
22.8/ [0.898]
22.93/ [0.903]
mm/[in]
Height
H
7.21/ [0.284]
7.26/ [0.286]
7.31/ [0.288]
mm/[in]
Volume
Vol
Weight
W
Lead finish
No heat sink
7.90/ [0.48]
cm3/[in3]
29.2 / [1.03]
g/[oz]
Nickel
0.51
2.03
Palladium
0.02
0.15
Gold
0.003
0.05
-40
125
µm
Thermal
Operating internal temperature
TINT
°C
Estimated thermal resistance to maximum
Thermal resistance top side
ΦINT-TOP
temperature internal component from
1.80
°C/W
5.54
°C/W
1.58
°C/W
21
Ws/°C
isothermal top
Estimated thermal resistance to
Thermal resistance leads
ΦINT-LEADS
maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal leads
Estimated thermal resistance to
Thermal resistance bottom side
ΦINT-BOTTOM maximum temperature internal
component from isothermal bottom
Thermal capacity
Assembly
Storage temperature
TST
HBM
ESD rating
CDM
-40
Method per Human Body Model Test
ESDA/JEDEC JDS-001-2012
125
°C
CLASS 1C
V
Charged Device Model JESD22-C101E
CLASS 2
Soldering[1]
Peak temperature top case
[1]
For further information, please contact
factory applications
Product is not intended for reflow solder attach.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 15 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
135
°C
DCM290P138T600A40
General Characteristics (Cont.)
Specifications apply over all line in VIN-EXTENDED, trim and load conditions, internal temperature TINT = 25ºC, unless otherwise noted. Boldface specifications
apply over the temperature range of -40ºC < TINT < 125ºC.
Attribute
Symbol
Conditions / Notes
Min
Typ
Max
Unit
Safety
Isolation Voltage
VHIPOT
IN to OUT
4242
Vdc
IN to CASE
2121
Vdc
OUT to CASE
2121
Vdc
Reliability
MTBF
MIL-HDBK-217 Plus Parts Count - 25ºC
Ground Benign, Stationary, Indoors /
Computer
Telcordia Issue 2, Method I Case 3, 25°C,
100% D.C., GB, GC
1.85
MHrs
2.35
MHrs
Agency Approvals
Agency approvals/standards
cTÜVus; EN 60950-1
cURus, 60950-1
CE Marked for Low Voltage Directive and RoHS Recast Directive as Applicable.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 16 of 25
04/2015
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DCM290P138T600A40
Pin Functions
TR (Trim)
+IN, -IN
The TR pin is used to select the trim mode and to trim the output
voltage of the DCM converter. The TR pin has an internal pull-up to
VCC through a 10 kΩ resistor.
Input power pins. -IN is the reference for all control pins, and
therefore a Kelvin connection is recommended as close as possible to
the pin on the package, to reduce effects of voltage drop due to -IN
currents.
The DCM will latch trim behavior at application of VIN, and persist in
that same behavior until loss of input voltage.
n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at above VTRIM-DIS, the
+OUT, -OUT
module will latch in a non-trim mode, and will ignore the TR
input for as long as VIN is present.
Output power pins.
n At application of VIN, if TR is sampled at below VTRIM-EN, the TR
EN (Enable)
will serve as an input to control real time output voltage trim. It
will persist in this behavior until VIN is no longer present.
This pin enables and disables the DCM converter; when held low the
unit will be disabled. It is referenced to the -IN pin of the converter.
The EN pin has an internal pull-up to VCC through a
10 kΩ resistor.
If trim is active when the DCM is operating, the TR pin provides
dynamic trim control at a typical 30 Hz of -3dB bandwidth over the
output voltage.
n Output enable: When EN is allowed to pull up above the enable
threshold, the module will be enabled. If leaving EN floating, it is
pulled up to VCC and the module will be enabled.
FT (Fault)
The FT pin provides a Fault signal.
n Output disable: EN may be pulled down externally in order
Anytime the module is enabled and has not recognized a fault, the
FT pin is inactive. FT has an internal 499 kΩ pull-up to Vcc, therefore
a shunt resistor, RSHUNT, of approximately 50 kΩ can be used to
ensure the LED is completly off when there is no fault, per the
diagram below.
to disable the module.
n EN is an input only, it does not pull low in the event of a fault.
n The EN pins of multiple units should be driven high concurrently
to permit the array to start in to maximum rated load. However,
the direct interconnection of multiple EN pins requires additional
considerations, as discussed in the section on Array Operation.
Whenever the powertrain stops (due to a fault protection or
disabling the module by pulling EN low), the FT pin becomes active
and provides current to drive an external circuit.
When active, FT pin drives to VCC, with up to 4 mA of external
loading. Module may be damaged from an over-current FT drive,
thus a resistor in series for current limiting is recommended.
The FT pin becomes active momentarily when the module starts up.
Typical External Circuits for Signal Pins (TR, EN, FT)
Vcc
Vcc
10k
Vcc
Reference and
Soft Start control
499k
Fault
Monitoring
10k
Soft Start and
Fault Monitoring
TR
FT
EN
RSERIES
SW
RTRIM
RSHUNT
Kelvin -IN connection
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 17 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Design Guidelines
Building Blocks and System Design
The DCM™ converter input accepts the full 160 to 420 V range, and it
generates an isolated trimmable 13.8 Vdc output. Multiple DCMs
may be paralleled for higher power capacity via wireless load
sharing, even when they are operating off of different input voltage
supplies.
The DCM converter provides a regulated output voltage around
defined nominal load line and temperature coefficients. The load line
and temperature coefficients enable configuration of an array of
DCM converters which manage the output load with no share bus
among modules. Downstream regulators may be used to provide
tighter voltage regulation, if required.
The DCM290P138T600A40 may be used in standalone applications
where the output power requirements are up to 600 W. However, it is
easily deployed as arrays of modules to increase power handling
capacity. Arrays of up to eight units have been qualified for 4800 W
capacity. Application of DCM converters in an array requires no
derating of the maximum available power versus what is specified
for a single module.
Soft Start
When the DCM starts, it will go through a soft start sequence. Notice
the module will only startup if the input voltage is within the
range of VIN. After startup, Module can then operate in the wider
input voltage range VIN-EXTENDED.
The soft start sequence ramps the output voltage by modulating the
internal error amplifier reference. This causes the output voltage to
approximate a piecewise linear ramp. The output ramp finishes
when the voltage reaches either the nominal output voltage, or the
trimmed output voltage in cases where trim mode is active.
Trim Mode and Output Trim Control
When the input voltage is initially applied to a DCM, and after TINIT
elapses, the trim pin voltage VTR is sampled. The TR pin has an
internal pull up resistor to VCC, so unless external circuitry pulls the
pin voltage lower, it will pull up to VCC. If the initially sampled trim
pin voltage is higher than VTRIM-DIS, then the DCM will disable
trimming as long as the VIN remains applied. In this case, for all
subsequent operation the output voltage will be programmed to the
nominal. This minimizes the support components required for
applications that only require the nominal rated Vout, and also
provides the best output setpoint accuracy, as there are no additional
errors from external trim components
If at initial application of VIN, the TR pin voltage is prevented from
exceeding VTRIM-EN, then the DCM will activate trim mode, and it will
remain active for as long as VIN is applied.
VOUT set point under full load and room temperature can be
calculated using the equation below:
VOUT = 10.00 + (6.48 • VTR/VCC)
(1)
Module performance is guaranteed through output voltage trim
range VOUT-TRIMMING. If VOUT is trimmed higher than that range, then
certain combinations of line and load transient conditions may
trigger the output OVP.
Nominal Output Voltage Load Line
Throughout this document, the programmed output voltage, (either
the specified nominal output voltage if trim is inactive) or the
trimmed output voltage if trim is active, is specified at full load, and
at room temperature. The actual output voltage of the DCM is given
by the programmed output voltage, with modification based on load
and temperature. The nominal output voltage is 13.8 V, and the
actual output voltage will match this at full load and room
temperature with trim inactive.
The largest modification to the actual output voltage compared to
the programmed output is due to a 5.263% VOUT-NOM load line, which
for this model corresponds to ΔVOUT-LOAD of 0.73 V. As the load is
reduced, the internal error amplifier reference, and by extension the
output voltage, rises in response. This load line is the primary
enabler of the wireless current sharing amongst an array of DCMs.
The load line impact on the output voltage is absolute, and is not
scaled by the trim voltage.
Furthermore, when the load current is below 5% of the rated
capacity, there is an additional ΔV added to the output voltage,
which is related to Burst Mode. Please see the section on Burst Mode
below for details.
For a given programmed output voltage, the actual output voltage
versus load current at for nominal trim, nominal line, and room
temperature is above 5% load given by the following equation:
VOUT = 13.8 + 0.73 – 0.73 • IOUT / 43.5
(2)
Nominal Output Voltage Temperature Coefficient
There is an additional additive term to the programmed output
voltage, which is based on the temperature of the module. This term
permits improved thermal balancing among modules in an array,
especially when the factory nominal trim point is utilized (trim
mode inactive). This term is much smaller than the load line
described above, representing only a 0.138 V change every 75°C over
the entire rated temperature range. Regulation coefficient is relative
to 25°C TINT (hottest internal temperature).
For nominal trim, nominal line, and full load, the output voltage
relates to the temperature according to the following equation:
VOUT = 13.8 - 0.138 • (TINT - 25)/75
(3)
where TINT is in °C.
The impact of temperature coefficient on the output voltage is
absolute, and does not scale with trim or load.
Note that while the soft-start routine described above does re-arm
after the unit self-protects from a fault condition, the trim mode is
not changed when a DCM recovers from any fault condition
or being disabled.
If VTR is driven above the point where the trimmed Vout reaches the
maximum trimmed Vout range, then the VOUT will hold at the
maximum of the trim range, and not wrap around or return to
nominal VOUT.
DCM™ DC-DC Converter
Rev 1.3
vicorpower.com
Page 18 of 25
04/2015
800 927.9474
DCM290P138T600A40
Overall Output Voltage Transfer Function
Taking trim (equation 1), load line (equation 2) and temperature
coefficient (equation 3) into account, the general equation relating
the DC VOUT at nominal line to programmed trim (when active), load,
and temperature is given by:
pre-charge circuit is required for the DCM input to control the input
voltage slew rate and prevent overstress to input stage components.
VOUT = 10.00 + (6.48 • Vtr/Vcc) + 0.73 +ΔV – 0.73
• IOUT /43.5 - 0.138 • (TINT -25)/75
(4)
Input Fuse Selection
DCM is not internally fused in order to provide flexibility in
configuring power systems. Input line fusing is recommended at
system level, in order to provide thermal protection in case of
catastrophic failure. The fuse shall be selected by closely matching
system requirements with the following characteristics:
Use 0 V for ΔV when load is from 5% to 100% load, and up to 2.3 V
when operating at
