Function Generator
Model 72-14120, 72-14122 and 72-14126
Contents
Function Generator ........................................................................................................................................................... 0
Model 72-14120, 72-14122 and 72-14126 ......................................................................................................................... 0
Contents ............................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1
Safety Terms and Symbols .............................................................................................................................. 3
1.2
General Safety Overview .................................................................................................................................. 4
Chapter 2............................................................................................................................................................................ 5
Brief Introduction of Tenma Series Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator ............................................................. 5
2.1
Main Characteristics ........................................................................................................................................ 5
2.2
Introduction of Panels and Keys ..................................................................................................................... 6
2.2.1
Front Panel ........................................................................................................................................ 6
2.2.2
Back Panel ......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.3
Function Interface ............................................................................................................................ 10
Chapter 3 Quick Start ...................................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1 Output Basic Waveform..................................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.1
Set Output Frequency ...................................................................................................................... 12
3.1.2
Set Output Amplitude ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.1.3
Set DC Offset Voltage ...................................................................................................................... 15
3.1.4
Set Square Wave ............................................................................................................................. 16
3.1.5
Set Pulse Wave ............................................................................................................................... 17
3.1.6
Set DC Voltage ................................................................................................................................ 18
3.1.7
Set Sawtooth Wave ......................................................................................................................... 19
3.1.8
Set Noise Wave ............................................................................................................................... 20
3.2 SYNC Output ...................................................................................................................................................... 21
3.3 Frequency Measurement ................................................................................................................................... 22
3.4 Use Built-in Help System ................................................................................................................................... 22
Chapter 4 Advanced Applications ................................................................................................................................. 23
4.1 Output Modulation Waveform ........................................................................................................................... 23
4.1.1
Amplitude Modulation (AM) .............................................................................................................. 23
4.1.2
Frequency Modulation（FM） ......................................................................................................... 31
4.1.3
Phase Modulation（PM） ................................................................................................................ 38
4.1.4
Amplitude Shift Keying（ASK）....................................................................................................... 45
4.1.5
Frequency Shift Keying（FSK） ...................................................................................................... 51
4.1.6
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) ................................................................................................................ 57
4.1.7
Binary Phase Shift Keying（BPSK） ............................................................................................... 62
4.1.8
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying（QPSK） ...................................................................................... 68
4.1.9
Oscillation Keying（OSK）.............................................................................................................. 73
4.1.10
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation（QAM） .................................................................................... 78
4.1.11
Sum Modulation（SUM） ................................................................................................................ 83
4.1.12
Pulse Width Modulation（PWM） ................................................................................................... 89
4.2 Output Frequency Sweep Waveform ................................................................................................................ 96
4.2.1
Select Frequency Sweep ................................................................................................................. 96
4.2.2
Set Starting and Stop Frequency ..................................................................................................... 97
4.2.3
Frequency Sweep Mode .................................................................................................................. 98
4.2.4
Frequency Sweep Time ................................................................................................................... 99
1
4.2.5
Select Trigger Source .................................................................................................................... 100
4.2.6
Trigger Output ................................................................................................................................ 101
4.2.7
Trigger Edge .................................................................................................................................. 101
4.2.8
Comprehensive Example ............................................................................................................... 102
4.3 Output Burst ..................................................................................................................................................... 105
4.3.1
Select Burst ................................................................................................................................... 105
4.3.2
Type of Burst.................................................................................................................................. 107
4.3.3
Phase of Burst ............................................................................................................................... 109
4.3.4
Period of Burst ............................................................................................................................... 109
4.3.5
Counting of Burst ........................................................................................................................... 109
4.3.6
Select Trigger Source .................................................................................................................... 110
4.3.7
Trigger Output ................................................................................................................................ 110
4.3.8
Trigger Edge .................................................................................................................................. 110
4.3.9
Comprehensive Example ............................................................................................................... 110
4.4 Output Arbitrary Wave ..................................................................................................................................... 114
4.4.1
Use Arbitrary Wave Function ......................................................................................................... 114
4.4.2
Point-by-point Output/Play Mode ................................................................................................... 115
4.4.3
Select Arbitrary Wave..................................................................................................................... 116
4.4.4
Create and Edit Arbitrary Waveform .............................................................................................. 120
4.5 Output Digital Protocol Coding....................................................................................................................... 120
4.5.1
Description of Interface Front Panel............................................................................................... 121
4.5.2
UART Protocol ............................................................................................................................... 122
4.5.3
I2C Protocol ................................................................................................................................... 130
4.5.4
SPI Protocol ................................................................................................................................... 137
4.6 Function of Digital Arbitrary Wave.................................................................................................................. 142
Chapter 5 Fault Handling .............................................................................................................................................. 147
5.1 No Display on Screen (Blank Screen) ............................................................................................................ 147
5.2 No Waveform Output ....................................................................................................................................... 147
5.3 Fails to Correctly Recognize U Disk ............................................................................................................... 147
Chapter 6 Service and Support .................................................................................................................................... 148
6.1 Program Upgrade of Product .......................................................................................................................... 148
Appendix A: Factory Reset State ................................................................................................................................. 149
Appendix B: Performance Index .................................................................................................................................. 154
Appendix C: List of Accessories ................................................................................................................................. 160
Appendix D: Maintenance and Cleaning ..................................................................................................................... 161
2
Chapter 1 Safety Information
1.1 Safety Terms and Symbols
Terms in the manual
The following terms may appear in the manual:
Warning: warning statement, pointing out conditions and behaviors that may endanger life safety.
Caution: cautionary statement, pointing out conditions and behaviors that may cause damage to the product and
other properties.
Terms on the product
The following terms may appear on the product:
Danger: indicate that you may be immediately harmed when reading this sign.
Warning: indicate that you may not be immediately harmed when reading this sign.
Caution: indicate that the product or other properties may be damaged.
Symbols on the product
The following symbols may appear on the product:
AC
Measuring ground terminal
Frame ground terminal
ON/OFF
Danger! High voltage
Caution: please refer to the manual
Protective ground terminal
3
1.2 General Safety Overview
•
This instrument is designed and manufactured in compliance with: G84793, lEC61010-1, CAT III 600V, Pollution
Degree 2 and Double Insulation standards.
•
When using electrical appliances basic safety precautions should always be followed.
•
Check that the voltage indicated on the rating plate corresponds with that of the local network before connecting
the appliance to the mains power supply.
•
Please operate according to this manual, otherwise the protection provided by the device will be impaired or fail.
•
This product must be grounded.
•
This product is grounded through the earth wire in the mains lead. In order to prevent electric shock, please
check whether the power socket to be used for the product is grounded. Please ensure that the protective ground
terminal of the product is reliably connected to the ground terminal of power line before connecting any input or
output terminal.
•
This appliance is not intended for use by persons (including children) with reduced physical, sensory or mental
capabilities or lack of experience or knowledge. They should be given supervision and instruction in the use of
the appliance by a person responsible for their safety.
•
Children should be supervised to ensure that they do not play with the appliance.
•
There are no user-serviceable parts in this product. Refer servicing to qualified personnel.
•
In order to prevent fire or electric shock, please pay attention to all rated values and modes of the product.
Please read user’s manual before connection of the product to further understand information about rated
values.
•
Check the test leads, cables and case insulation before using. If you find any breakage or abnormality, or you
consider the device is broken, stop using the device immediately.
•
Do not use the product for any purpose other than that for which it is designed.
•
Don’t insert metal objects into input or output terminal of the product.
•
If you suspect that the product is damaged, please ask qualified maintenance personnel to inspect.
•
Never operate the product with the cover removed.
•
Do not operate or store in an environment of high humidity or where moisture may enter the product.
•
Do not use the meter around explosive gas or vapour.
•
Disconnect from the supply when not in use.
4
Chapter 2
Brief Introduction of Tenma Series
Function/Arbitrary Waveform Generator
Function/arbitrary waveform generator of the series uses direct digital synthesis to generate accurate and stable
waveform output with resolution as low as 1μHz as an economic, high-performance and multi-functional dual-channel
function/ arbitrary waveform generator. It can generate accurate, stable, pure and low-distortion output signal, and provide
high-frequency square wave with fast rising and falling edges. Convenient operation interface, excellent technical
indicator and humanized graphic display can help you finish work tasks faster and improve work efficiency. It is
multi-purpose equipment that meets your present and future test requirements.
2.1 Main Characteristics
•
Sine wave output of 160MHz/120MHz/80MHz, full-band resolution of 1μHz.
•
Pulse waveform of 50MHz（or 40MHz, adjustable time of rising, falling and duty ratio.
•
Sampling rate of 500MSa/s and vertical resolution of 16bit.
•
6-bit high-precision frequency meter compatible with TTL level signal.
•
Dual channel of standard configuration and other performance, and independent output mode of channel .
•
Arbitrary wave storage of 8～32M points, 7GB non-volatile waveform storage.
•
Rich modulation types：AM, FM, PM, ASK, FSK, PSK, PWM, QAM, BPSK, QPSK, OSK, SUM.
•
16bit digital arbitrary wave (TTL level) DARB.
•
Protocol output: I2C, SPI, RS232 (TTL level).
•
Powerful upper computer software.
•
8-cun high-resolution TFT colour LCD.
•
Standard configuration interface: USB Host (max.32G), USB Device, LAN, 10MHz clock source input, 10MHz
clock source output.
•
Dual channel can respectively or simultaneously: internal/external modulation, internal/external/manual trigger.
•
Support frequency sweep and pulse train output.
•
Easy-to-use multi-functional control and numeric keypad.
5
2.2 Introduction of Panels and Keys
2.2.1 Front Panel
Function/arbitrary waveform generator provides users with simple and intuitive front panel that is easy to operate, which is
shown in Figure 2-1:
17.
Soft function
key menu
18.
Display
screen
16.
Page Up/Down
15.
Quick selection
of waveform type
14.
User’s key/digital
interface/frequency
meter/modulation/sweep
frequency/pulse train
13.
Multi-functional
control/key
12.
Direction key
11.
Numeric keyboard
10.
System function key
9
Manual trigger key
1.ON/
OFF
2.
USB
interface
3.
Digital
protocol
interface
4.
CH1 output
terminal/sync output
terminal
5.
CH1
control end
6.
Sync setting
key
7.
CH2
control end
8.
CH2 output
terminal/sync output
terminal
Figure 2-1 Structure of front panel
1． ON/OFF
Supply voltage of power source is AC 100V~240V. Frequency is 45Hz~440Hz. Connect the instrument to the power
source with power line in accessories or other power lines up to standard. Turn on power switch below the supply hub to
power on the instrument. The on/off switch backlight
lights red after powering on at the rear switch on back panel.
Press the on/off switch, the backlight is turns green. The display screen enters function interface after displaying the
start-up interface. In order to prevent accidentally touching ON/OFF to turn off the instrument, the switch requires to be
held for about 1s to turn off the instrument. The backlight of the key and screen are simultaneously off after turning off the
instrument.
2．USB interface
This instrument supports U disks of FAT 16 and FAT32 with maximum capacity of 32G. USB interface can be used to
read any waveform data files in U disk, store or read current files of the instrument. The system program can be upgraded
through the USB interface to ensure that the current program of function/arbitrary waveform generator is the latest version
released by the company.
6
3.
Protocol interface
Interface supporting RS232, I2C and SPI protocols and any 16bit digital arbitrary wave is capable of corresponding
communication protocol output, and used with DIGITAL menu.
4．CH1 output terminal/ sync output terminal
Waveform signal and synchronous signal output of channel 1. Switching of output signal is controlled by CH1 or submenu
under UTILITY.
5．CH1 control terminal
Fast switch the current channel on the screen (illumination of CH1 indicator shows it is the current channel) and the
parameter list shows information about channel 1 set waveform parameters. Press CH1 to turn the output of channel 1
on/off. Backlight of CH1 is lit and the current function mode will be displayed on the right of CH1 indicator (“BASE” or
“MOD” or “SWEEP” or “BURST”), while “ON” is highlighted and CH1 terminal outputs the signal. Backlight of CH1 is lit
and “OFF” is highlighted on the right of CH1 information tag the CH1 output terminal is turned off.
6． Sync setting key
Quickly set the relationship between CH1 and CH2 configuration. Press this key to make the output signal of CH1 the
same as that of CH2, or the output signal of CH2 the same as that of CH1, or exchange the output signal of the two
channels. The selection of specific mode is controlled by submenu CH Copy under UTILITY. In the submenu of CH Copy
menu, 0:1->2 is to copy CH1 settings to CH2, 1:2->1 is to copy CH2 settings to CH1, and 2:12 is to exchange settings
of CH1 and CH2.
7．CH2 control terminal
Fast switch the current channel on the screen (illumination of CH2 indicator shows it is the current channel) and the
parameter list shows information about channel 1 set waveform parameters. Press CH2 to turn the output of channel 2
on/off. Backlight of CH2 is lit and the current function mode will be displayed on the right of CH2 indicator (“BASE” or
“MOD” or “SWEEP” or “BURST”), while “ON” is highlighted and CH2 terminal outputs the signal. Backlight of CH2 is lit
and “OFF” is highlighted on the right of CH2 information tag the CH2 output terminal is turned off.
8．CH2 output terminal/ sync output terminal
Waveform signal and synchronous signal of output channel 2. Switching the output signal on/off is controlled by CH2 or
submenu under UTILITY.
9． Manual trigger key
Set trigger and execute manual trigger when flashing.
10． System function key
Used for system setting, including function menus PRESET, STORAGE, UTILITY and HELP corresponding to factory
default settings, waveform storage, general function and help menu respectively.
11． Numeric keyboard
Numeric keys 0-9 used for inputting required parameters, decimal point “.”, symbolic key “+/-”. Decimal point “.” can be
used to quickly switch units. Left direction key backspaces to clear the last digit input.
7
12．Direction key
Switch numerical digits or move (left or right) cursor when setting parameters with multi-functional control and direction
key. The left key can be used to clear the last digit input when inputting using the data keys.
13． Multi-functional control/key
Rotate the multi-functional control to change the number (increase the number by clockwise rotation) or select menu key.
Press the multi-functional control to select function and confirm the parameters set.
14． Menu key functions
Control corresponding functions using keys: USER – user settings, DIGITAL - digital interface, COUNTER - frequency
meter, MOD - modulation mode, SWEEP - sweep frequency and BURST - pulse train output.
15．Quick selection of waveform type
Quickly select waveform type required by keys to quickly generate common waveforms you need.
16．Page Up/Down
There are F1-F6 ‘soft key’ function menus on the right of the screen. When soft keys of some functions are too numerous
to be displayed on one page, they will be arranged on more than one page. Press this key to switch between multiple
pages.
17．Soft function key menu
Accordingly select or check tags (on the right of function interface) through identification of soft keys, and set parameters
with numeric keyboard, multi-functional control or direction key.
18．Display screen
8 inch high-resolution TFT colour LCD clearly displays the output state, function menu and other important information of
channel 1 and 2 through different colours. CH1 and all corresponding function borders display in red and all CH2 and
corresponding functions display in blue. When a border is illuminated the settings within can be adjusted using direct
numeric keys, multi-function rotary control and the direction keys. When a parameter is input as required pressing the
multi-function control locks the setting and allows selection of further parameter selection, either by direct function keys or
by rotating the multi-function control.
8
2.2.2 Back Panel
Back panel is shown in Figure 2-2:
1.
Heat emission
grille
11.
Crate lock
10.
AC power input
socket
2.
Internal
10MHz output
terminal
3.
External 10M
Hz input
terminal
4.
Frequency meter
interface
9.
Mains power
on/off switch
5.
External digital
modulation
interface
6.
External analog
modulation input
terminal
7.
USB
interface
8.
LAN port
Figure 2-2 Structure of back panel
1．Heat dissipation grille
In order to ensure good heat dissipation of the instrument, please don’t block this grille.
2．Internal 10MHz output terminal
Establish synchronous or external clock signal with reference frequency of 10 MHz for multiple function/arbitrary
waveform generators. When clock source of the instrument is internal, the output terminal outputs an internal 10MHz clock
signal.
3．External 10MHz input terminal
Establish synchronization of multiple function/arbitrary waveform generators or synchronization with an external 10MHz
clock signal. When clock source of the instrument is external, the input terminal receives an external 10MHz clock signal.
4．Frequency meter interface
Input signal through this interface when using frequency meter (compatible with TTL level).
5．External digital modulation interface
If modulation of ASK, FSK, PSK or OSK signal source is external, input modulation signal is received through the external
digital modulation interface (TTL level). The corresponding output amplitude, frequency and phase are determined by
signal level of external digital modulation interface. If the trigger source of frequency sweep or pulse train is external, the
digital modulation interface will receive a TTL pulse with designated polarity. This pulse can start scanning or output pulse
train with designated recurring number. Input gated signal through the external digital modulation interface if pulse train is
gated; and output trigger signal for frequency sweep or pulse train (if trigger source is external, trigger output will be
hidden in the parameter list as external digital modulation interface cannot be simultaneously used for input and output).
9
6．External analog modulation input terminal
In modulation of AM, FM, PM, SUM or PWM signal is external, input modulation signal is received through external analog
modulation input terminal. The corresponding modulation depth, frequency deviation, phase deviation or duty ratio
deviation is controlled by ±5V signal level of the external analog modulation input terminal.
7．USB interface
Connect to the external computer software through this USB interface to initialise control of the instrument by computer.
8．LAN port
LAN port can be used to connect the instrument to a network.
9．Main power switch
Main power switch to energize the instrument. If turned OFF the front on/off button is inoperable.
10. AC power input socket
AC power specification supported by this function/arbitrary waveform generator is: 100~240V, 45~440Hz.
11. Crate lock
Open the crate lock to arrange anti-theft measures for the instrument.
2.2.3 Function Interface
Function interface is shown in Figure 2-3:
CH1 information
CH2 information
Soft key
label
Waveform
parameter
list
Waveform
display
area
Figure 2- 3 Function interface
10
Detailed description:
CH1 information: highlighted display (red illumination) means that this part of display screen displays information
about channel 1. Parameters of this channel can be set. Parameters of this channel cannot be set if not highlighted.
Press CH1 to enable. Output (highlighted “ON” means that channel output is turned on, and highlighted “OFF” means
that channel output is turned off), output impedance (“HighZ” means high-impedance output, “50Ω” means 50Ω output)
and effective waveform (“BASE” is basic waveform, “MOD” is modulation mode, “SWEEP” is frequency sweep mode,
and “BURST” is pulse train) will be displayed on the right of the tag.
CH2 information: highlighted display (blue illumination) means that this part of display screen displays information
about channel 2. Parameters of this channel can be set. Parameters of this channel cannot be set if not highlighted.
Press CH2 to enable. Output (highlighted “ON” means that channel output is turned on, and highlighted “OFF” means
that channel output is turned off), output impedance (“HighZ” means high-impedance output, “50Ω” means 50Ω output)
and effective waveform (“BASE” is basic waveform, “MOD” is modulation mode, “SWEEP” is frequency sweep mode,
and “BURST” is pulse train) will be displayed on the right of the tag.
Soft key display: identify functions of soft keys menu and operation soft keys. Highlighted display: highlighted display
means that colour of the channel is displayed in the middle of the display, and typeface is pure white. Tag on the right
of screen: the uppermost character is name of submenu, and number under the name is number of pages of submenu
and the current page. For example, “1/2” means page 1 of 2 of submenu. Use Page Up/Down at the top right corner of
the display area for page turning.
Waveform parameter list: display parameters of the waveform in the form of a list. If items in the list are highlighted,
parameters can be set through menu operation soft keys, numeric keyboard, direction key and multi-functional control.
If background of the character is dark blue, the character is being edited. Parameters can be set with direction key,
numeric keyboard or multi-functional control.
Waveform display area: display the current waveform of the channel.
Note: there is no waveform display area in system setting. This area is expanded into parameter list.
11
Chapter 3 Quick Start
3.1 Output Basic Waveform
3.1.1 Set Output Frequency
The default configuration of waveform is a sine wave with frequency of 1kHz and peak-to-peak amplitude of 100mV
(terminating at 50Ω) when powering on.
For example the specific steps for changing frequency into 2.5MHz are as follows:
1. Press function key F1 and the required soft key border outline illuminates to match the colour of the corresponding
channel, and “Freq” character is highlighted and editable, “Period” tag is greyed out. Pressing function key F1 again
changes to the set waveform period, when “Freq” character is greyed out and “Period” character is highlighted and now
the waveform period can be edited.
Figure 3- 1 Setting of selected frequency
12
2. Input the required number 2.5 with numeric keyboard. The left direction key can be used to backspace when inputting.
Figure 3- 2 Set frequency
3. Select required unit.
Press soft key of corresponding unit. The waveform generator outputs waveform with the displayed frequency when you
select unit and output is switched on. In this example, press soft key corresponding to MHz.
4. Use multi-functional control and direction key for parameter setting.
In default state, use the multi-functional control to switch between options of the function menu. When option is chosen,
press the multi-functional control to select the parameter which is highlighted in red or blue depending on the channel.
Rotate the multi-functional control to adjust the setting. Press left or right direction key to select different characters. Press
the multi-functional control again after setting to exit.
13
3.1.2 Set Output Amplitude
The default configuration of waveform is a sine wave with peak-to-peak amplitude of 100mV (terminating at 50Ω) when
powering on. The specific steps for changing amplitude into 300mV pp are as follows:
1. Press function key F2 until the required soft key border outline illuminates to match the colour of the corresponding
channel and character “Amp” is highlighted white and editable and “High” is greyed out. Pressing function key F2 again
switches between the unit options (Vpp, Vrms and dBm).
2. Input required amplitude value 300 with numeric keyboard.
Figure 3- 3 Set amplitude
3. Select required unit.
Press soft key of corresponding unit. The waveform generator outputs waveform with the displayed amplitude when you
select unit and switch output on. Press mVpp used in this example.
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
14
3.1.3 Set DC Offset Voltage
The default configuration of waveform is a sine wave with DC offset voltage of 0V (terminating at 50Ω) when powering on.
The specific steps for changing DC offset voltage into -150mV are as follows:
1. Press function key F3 until the required soft key border outline illuminates to match the colour of the corresponding
channel. When pressing function key F3 again, you will find that the waveform of parameter described with amplitude and
DC offset has been described with high level (maximum value) and low level (minimum value). Such method for setting
signal limit is very convenient for digital application.
2. Input required DC offset value -150mV with numeric keyboard.
Figure 3- 4 Set offset voltage
3. Select required unit
Press soft key of corresponding unit. The waveform generator outputs waveform with the displayed DC offset when you
select unit and switch output on. Press mV in this example.
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
15
3.1.4 Set Square Wave
The duty ratio of square wave represents time quantum of square wave at high level in each cycle (suppose waveform is
not reversed). The default duty ratio of square wave is 50% when powering on. The duty ratio is restricted by minimum
pulse width specification 10ns. The specific steps for setting square wave with frequency of 1kHz, amplitude of
1.5Vpp, DC offset of 0V and duty ratio of 70% are as follows:
Press Square, Freq, Amp and Duty to set corresponding functions. Press the corresponding soft key to edit parameters,
then input the required value, and finally select the unit. Select corresponding value to set the duty ratio.
Figure 3- 5 Set duty ratio
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
16
3.1.5 Set Pulse Wave
The duty ratio of pulse wave represents time quantum from the 50% threshold value of rising edge of the pulse to 50%
threshold value of the next falling edge in each cycle (if waveform is not reversed). You can input parameter configuration
for the function/arbitrary waveform generator to output pulse waveform with variable pulse width and edge time. The
default duty ratio of pulse wave is 50% when powering on. Rising/falling edge time of 72-14126 is 5ns (72-14122 is 6ns/
72-14120 is 7ns).
The specific steps for setting pulse wave with period of 2ms, amplitude of 1.5Vpp, DC offset of 0V, duty ratio
(restricted by minimum pulse width specification 10ns) of 25%, rising edge time of 200µs and falling edge time of
200µs are as follows:
Press Pulse, Freq, Amp, Duty, Rise and Fall (if tag is not highlighted, press corresponding soft function key to select),
and press soft key Freq twice to switch between frequency and period. Input the required value, and then select the unit.
When inputting value of duty ratio, input 25 and press % to finish input. To set falling edge time, please press soft key
Page Up/Down or rotate multi-functional control clockwise when sub-tag is selected to display the next screen of sub-tags
(The sub-tag is editable when the border colour matches the border colour of the channel selected, and the digits are
white on blue), press soft key Fall to input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 3- 6 Set falling edge time
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
17
3.1.6 Set DC Voltage
Output of DC voltage is setting of the above-mentioned DC offset. The default DC voltage is initially 0V when powering on.
The specific steps for changing DC offset voltage into 3V are as follows:
1. Press DC followed by Offset to enter the setting.
2. Input the required number 3 with numeric keyboard.
Figure 3- 7 Set DC voltage
3. Select required unit.
Press soft key of corresponding unit. The waveform generator outputs waveform with the displayed DC offset when you
select the unit and switch output on. Press V (Volts) in this example.
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
18
3.1.7 Set Sawtooth Wave
Degree of symmetry is time quantum when slope of sawtooth wave is positive in each cycle (if waveform is not reversed).
The default degree of symmetry of sawtooth wave is 0.10% when powering on. The specific steps for setting triangular
wave with frequency of 10kHz, amplitude of 2V, DC offset of 0V and degree of symmetry of 50% are as follows:
Press Ramp, Freq, Amp, Offset and Symmetry in sequence. Press the corresponding soft key to set the parameter, input
the required value and then select the unit. There will be tag 50% on the right of the screen when inputting the degree of
symmetry. Press the corresponding soft key to input the value. Enter 50 using the numeric keypad and then press % to
finish selection.
Figure 3- 8 Set degree of symmetry
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
19
3.1.8 Set Noise Wave
Quasi-Gaussian noise with amplitude of 100mVpp and DC offset of 0mV is default in the function/arbitrary waveform
generator. If the amplitude and DC offset function of other waveforms are changed, the default value of noise wave will
also be changed. Only the amplitude and DC offset of the noise wave can be changed.
The specific steps for setting quasi-Gaussain noise with amplitude of 300mVpp and DC offset of 1V are as
follows:
Press Noise, Amp and Offset in sequence to input settings. Press the corresponding soft key to set required parameter,
input the setting value and then select the unit required.
Figure 3- 9 Set noise wave
Note: this parameter can also be set with multi-functional control and direction key.
20
3.2 SYNC Output
The two SYNC connectors on the front panel provide SYNC output. All standard waveform outputs (except DC and noise)
are equipped with associated Sync output. Sync output of each corresponding channel can be turned off in UTILITY
option. Both channels are equipped with completely independent Sync signal output.
•
By default, Sync signal output is on.
•
Sync output is at low logic level when turned off.
•
State of Sync is divided into off, on and opposition.
•
Sync will not reverse with the waveform.
•
Sync uses fundamental waveform as reference in fundamental wave output, and is square wave with duty ratio
of 50%.
•
Sync uses modulation waveform as reference in internal modulation, and is square wave with duty ratio of 50%.
•
Sync uses carrier waveform as reference in external analog modulation, and is square wave with duty ratio of
50%.
•
Sync uses external input waveform as reference in external FSK input modulation, and is square wave with duty
ratio of 50%.
•
When internal trigger of frequency sweep starts, Sync signal is at “low” level and at “high” level at midpoint of
frequency sweep. Sync signal synchronizes with frequency sweep. In case of external trigger of frequency
sweep, Sync is synchronous with external trigger signal. In the event of manual trigger of frequency sweep, Sync
is at “high” level when frequency sweep starts and at “low” level when frequency sweep is over.
•
For trigger of pulse train, Sync signal is at TTL “high” level when pulse train starts and at “low” level at midpoint of
designated burst period.
•
For external gated pulse train, Sync signal is consistent with external gated signal.
21
3.3 Frequency Measurement
This function/arbitrary waveform generator can measure frequency and duty ratio of compatible TTL level signal. The
range of frequency measurement is 100mHz~200MHz. When frequency meter is used, signal of compatible TTL level is
input through external frequency meter interface (Counter connector). Press COUNTER to read “frequency”, “period”,
“duty ratio”, “positive pulse width” and “negative pulse width” in parameter list. When no signal is input, the parameter list
of the frequency meter displays the value measured previously. The frequency meter only refreshes the display after a
signal of compatible TTL level is input into frequency meter interface (Counter connector).
Figure 3- 10 Frequency measurement
3.4 Use Built-in Help System
Built-in help system provides context-sensitive help for any key or soft key or menu on the front panel. You can also use
list of help topics to get guidance about front panel operation.
1. Check list of help topics.
Press HELP on arbitrary interface to check list of help topics available, press arbitrary operation key again to view
corresponding help information, and press HELP again to exit.
2. Check help information that displays message.
In case of exceeding the limit or any invalid configuration, function/arbitrary waveform generator will display an error
message. The built-in help system provides additional information about these messages. Press HELP to check a list of
help topics available, select “check the last message displayed” and press HELP again to exit.
Note: Local language help: built-in help system provides simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese and English versions. All
messages, context-sensitive help and help topics are displayed in the selected language. To select local language, press
Utility, System and Language successively, and press soft key corresponding to direction tag to select the language you
need (or select with multi-functional control).
22
Chapter 4 Advanced Applications
4.1 Output Modulation Waveform
4.1.1 Amplitude Modulation (AM)
In amplitude modulation, the modulated waveform generally is composed of carrier wave and modulation wave. The
amplitude of carrier wave will vary with that of modulation wave. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually
independent. You can configure identical or different modulation mode for channels 1 and 2.
Select AM
Press MOD, Type and AM to use AM function (if Type is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select). After AM function
is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current modulation waveform
and carrier wave when output is turned on.
Figure 4- 1 Select AM function
Select carrier waveform
AM carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave by
default. After AM is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to set corresponding carrier waveform.
23
Figure 4- 2 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 1
Frequency
Carrier
waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set carrier frequency, please use multi-functional control and direction key or press corresponding keys, input the
required value and select the unit.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use AM function,
you can see that modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on AM interface
or by pressing function menu Source.
24
Figure 4- 3 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
In case of internal modulation source, modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and arbitrary
wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use AM function, modulation wave is sine wave by default. You can change it
with multi-functional control on AM interface or by pressing Wave.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
Set modulation wave frequency
The frequency of modulation wave can be set for internal modulation source. After you use AM function, you can see that
frequency of modulation wave is 100Hz by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction key on
AM interface or by pressing Freq. Modulation frequency range is 2mHz~200kHz.
2)
External source
In case of external modulation source, modulation wave and frequency will be hidden in parameter list, when an external
waveform is used to modulate carrier waveform. AM depth is controlled by built-in modulation depth and ±5V signal level
on external analog modulation input terminal (Modulation In connector) on back panel. For example, if modulation depth in
parameter list is set to be 100%, AM output amplitude is the maximum when external modulation signal is +5V and the
minimum when external modulation signal is -5V. The frequency range of modulation signal of the external input is
2mHz~20kHz.
25
Set modulation depth
Modulation depth is the degree of amplitude change, expressed in percentage. The range of AM depth is 0%~120%,
100% by default. When modulation depth is 0%, a constant amplitude is output (half of carrier amplitude). When
modulation depth is 100%, the output amplitude varies with the modulation waveform. When modulation depth is more
than 100%, the instrument will not output a peak-to-peak voltage (terminating at 50Ω) more than ±5V. You can change it
with multi-functional control and direction key on AM interface or by pressing Depth. In case of external modulation source,
the output amplitude of instrument is also controlled by ±5V signal level on external analog modulation input terminal
(Modulation In connector) on the back panel. For example, if modulation depth in parameter list is set to be 100%, AM
output amplitude is the maximum when external modulation signal is +5V and the minimum when external modulation
signal is -5V.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in amplitude modulation (AM) mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 200Hz as
modulation signal and a square wave with frequency of 10kHz, amplitude of 200mVpp and duty ratio of 45% as carrier
signal. Finally set modulation depth to be 80%.
The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use AM function
Press MOD to use the function, and select AM function (press soft key “Type” to select).
Figure 4- 4 Select AM function
2)
Set modulation signal parameters
Set with the multi-functional control and direction key after using AM function. You can also press soft keys of function on
the above interface for using AM function.
26
Figure 4- 5 Set modulation parameters
Press the corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 6 Set frequency of modulation source
3) Set carrier signal parameters
Select type of basic waveform in modulation mode. Press Square to select the carrier signal as a square wave.
27
Figure 4- 7 Set carrier frequency
You can set with multi-functional control and direction key, or press corresponding soft keys of function again.
Figure 4- 8 Select carrier duty ratio
To set some parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
28
Figure 4- 9 Set carrier duty ratio
4)
Set modulation depth
Press soft key Return to return to the interface below to set modulation depth after setting the carrier parameters.
Figure 4- 10 Select modulation depth
You can set with multi-functional control and direction key. You can also press the soft key Depth again, input number 80
through numeric keyboard and press soft key
%
to set the modulation depth.
29
Figure 4- 11 Set modulation depth
5)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” on the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 12 Use channel output
30
Check the shape of AM modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 13 Observe AM waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.2 Frequency Modulation（FM）
In frequency modulation, the modulated waveform generally is composed of a carrier wave and modulation wave. The
frequency of the carrier wave will vary with amplitude of the modulation wave. The modulation mode of the two channels is
mutually independent. You can configure identical or different modulation modes for channels 1 and 2.
Select FM
Press MOD, Type and FM in turn to use the FM function (press soft key “Type” to select). After FM function is used, the
function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current modulation waveform and carrier
wave when output is turned on.
Figure 4- 14 Select FM
31
Select carrier waveform
FM carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave by
default. After FM is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to set corresponding carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 15 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 2
Frequency
Carrier Waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set carrier frequency, please use multi-functional control and direction key or press Freq, input the required value and
select the unit after selecting the carrier waveform.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select either internal or external modulation source. After you use FM
function, the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on interface for using
frequency modulation or by pressing Source.
32
Figure 4- 16 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
In case of internal modulation source, modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and arbitrary
wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use FM function, the modulation wave is sine wave by default. You can
change it with multi-functional control on interface for using frequency modulation or by pressing the relevant key for basic
waveform setting.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
2)
External source
When using an external modulation source, the modulation wave and frequency will be hidden in the parameter list when
an external waveform will be used to modulate carrier waveform. Frequency deviation of FM is controlled by ±5V signal
level on external analog modulation input terminal (Modulation In connector) on the back panel. Output frequency of FM is
more than carrier frequency at positive signal level and less than the latter at negative signal level. Lower external signal
level generates less deviation. For example, if frequency deviation in the parameter list is set to be 1kHz, output frequency
of FM is 1kHz more than the current carrier frequency when external modulation signal is +5V and 1kHz less than the
current carrier frequency when external modulation signal is -5V.
Set modulation wave frequency
The frequency of modulation wave can be set when an internal modulation source is used. After you use FM function, you
the frequency of the modulation wave is 100Hz by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction
key on the interface for using frequency modulation or by pressing Freq. Modulation frequency range is 2mHz~200kHz.
When an external modulation source is used, modulation wave and frequency will be hidden in parameter list, when an
external waveform is used to modulate the carrier waveform. The frequency range of modulation signal of the external
input is 2mHz~20kHz.
33
Set frequency deviation
Frequency deviation is the deviation of frequency of waveform subject to FM from the carrier frequency. The range of FM
frequency deviation is 1μHz to half of the maximum carrier frequency, 1kHz by default. You can change it with the
multi-functional control and direction key on the interface for using frequency modulation or by pressing Freq.
•
Frequency deviation must not be more than carrier frequency. If the frequency deviation is more than the carrier
frequency, function/ arbitrary waveform generator will automatically limit the deviation to the allowable maximum
carrier frequency.
•
The sum of frequency deviation and carrier frequency must not be more than the allowable maximum carrier
frequency. If the frequency deviation is invalid, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will automatically limit
the deviation to the allowable maximum carrier frequency.
Comprehensive example
First make the instrument run in frequency modulation (FM) mode, and then set an internal square wave of 2kHz as
modulation signal and a sine wave with frequency of 10kHz and amplitude of 100mVpp as carrier signal. Finally set
frequency deviation to be 5kHz. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use FM function
Press MOD, Type and FM in sequence (press Type to select if “Type” is not highlighted) to use FM function.
Figure 4- 17 Select FM function
2)
Set modulation signal parameters
Set with the multi-functional control and direction key after using FM function. You can also press the corresponding soft
keys on the above interface for using the FM function, when the interface will display:
34
Figure 4- 18 Set modulation parameters
To set some parameter, press corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 19 Set frequency of modulation source
3)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode. (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
35
Figure 4- 20 Set carrier frequency
You can input settings using the multi-functional control and direction key.
Press corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 21 Set carrier amplitude
4)
Set frequency deviation
Press MOD to return to the interface below to set the frequency deviation after setting carrier parameters.
36
Figure 4- 22 Return to FM setting
You can input settings using the multi-functional control and direction key. You can also press Freq Dev again, input
number 5 through numeric keyboard and press soft key kHz to set the frequency deviation.
Figure 4- 23 Set frequency deviation
5)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” on the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
37
Figure 4- 24 Use channel output
Check the shape of FM modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 25 Observe waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.3 Phase Modulation（PM）
In phase modulation, the modulated waveform generally is composed of carrier wave and modulation wave. The phase of
the carrier wave will vary with amplitude of the modulation wave. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually
independent. You can configure identical or different modulation modes for channels 1 and 2.
Select PM
Press MOD, Type and PM in sequence to use the PM function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After PM function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current
modulation waveform and carrier wave when output is turned on.
38
Figure 4- 26 Select PM function
Select carrier waveform
The PM carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave
by default. After PM is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to enter the interface for setting carrier wave.
Figure 4- 27 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See following
table for frequency range of carrier wave:
39
Table 4- 3
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set carrier frequency, please use multi-functional control and direction key or press Freq, input the required value and
select the unit after selecting carrier waveform.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use PM function,
the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on interface for using phase
modulation or by pressing MOD and Source in turn.
Figure 4- 28 Select modulation source
Internal source
In case of internal modulation source, modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and arbitrary
wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use PM function, the modulation wave is sine wave by default. You can
change it with multi-functional control on interface for using phase modulation function or by pressing the key of basic
waveform type setting.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
40
External source
When using an external modulation source, modulation wave and frequency will not show in the parameter list, when an
external waveform will be used to modulate carrier waveform. Phase deviation of PM is controlled by ±5V signal level on
external analog modulation input terminal (Modulation In connector) on the back panel. For example, if phase deviation in
parameter list is set to be 180º, phase shift is 180º when external modulation signal is +5V, and lower external signal level
generates less deviation.
Set modulation wave frequency
The frequency of modulation wave can be set when using an internal modulation source. After you use PM function, the
frequency of the modulation wave is 100Hz by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction key
on interface for using phase modulation or by pressing Freq. Modulation frequency range is 2mHz~200kHz. When using
an external modulation source, modulation wave and frequency will not show in parameter list, when an external
waveform will be used to modulate carrier waveform. The frequency range of modulation signal of external input is
100Hz~20kHz.
Set phase deviation
Phase deviation is the change in phase of the waveform subject to PM, relative to carrier phase. The range of PM phase
deviation is 0º~360º, set at 180º by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on
interface for using phase modulation or by pressing Phase Dev.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to phase modulation (PM) mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 200Hz as modulation signal
and a sine wave with frequency of 900Hz and amplitude of 100mVpp as carrier signal. Finally set phase deviation to be
200º. The specific steps are as follows:
Use PM function
Press MOD, Type and PM successively (press soft key “Type” to select ) to use PM function.
Figure 4- 29 Select PM function
41
1)
Set modulation signal parameters
Set with the multi-functional control and direction keys after using the PM function. You can also press the corresponding
soft keys of function on the above interface for using PM function, when the screen shown below will display. Press the
corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 30 Set modulation parameters
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave)
when PM modulation signal is on.
Figure 4- 31 Set carrier frequency
42
You can also set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press corresponding soft keys of
function again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press corresponding soft key, input the
required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 32 Set carrier amplitude
3)
Set phase deviation
Press MOD to return to the interface below to set phase deviation after setting carrier parameters.
Figure 4- 33 Set modulation parameters
43
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press soft key Phase Dev again, input
number 200 through the numeric keyboard and press soft key
º
to set the phase deviation.
Figure 4- 34 Set phase deviation
4)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 35 Use channel output
44
Check the shape of PM modulation waveform through the oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 36 Observe PM waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.4 Amplitude Shift Keying（ASK）
In amplitude shift keying, ASK expresses digital signals “0” and “1” by changing amplitude of carrier signal and outputs
carrier signals with different amplitude according to logic of modulation signal. The modulation mode of the two channels
is mutually independent. You can configure identical or different modulation modes for channels 1 and 2.
Select ASK modulation
Press MOD, Type and ASK in sequence to use ASK function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After ASK function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current
ASK rate and carrier wave.
Figure 4- 37 Select ASK function
45
Select carrier waveform
ASK carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave by
default. After ASK modulation is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to enter the interface for selecting
carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 38 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 4
Frequency
Carrier
waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
Sine wave
Pulse wave
Arbitrary wave
To set the carrier frequency, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft function key Freq,
input the required value and select the unit after selecting carrier waveform.
46
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select an internal or external modulation source. After you use ASK
function, the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on interface for using
amplitude shift keying function or by pressing Source.
Figure 4- 39 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
When using an internal modulation source, the modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and
arbitrary wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use PM function, the modulation wave is sine wave by default. You
can change this with the multi-functional control on the interface for using phase modulation function or by pressing the
key of basic waveform type setting.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
2)
External source
When using an external modulation source, the rate will not show in the parameter list, when an external waveform will be
used to modulate carrier waveform. ASK output amplitude is determined by logic level on external digital modulation
interface (FSK Trig connector). For example, when external input logic is low, the current carrier amplitude is output; when
external input logic is high, output amplitude is less than the current carrier amplitude.
Set ASK rate
The frequency of ASK amplitude jump can be set when using an internal modulation source. After you use ASK function,
you can set ASK rate, which is in the range of 2mHz~1MHz and 100Hz by default. You can change it with multi-functional
control and direction key on the interface for using ASK function or by pressing Freq.
47
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in ASK mode, and then set an internal logic signal of 300Hz as modulation signal and a sine
wave with frequency of 15kHz and amplitude of 2Vpp as carrier signal. The specific steps are as follows:
Note: only the frequency of this signal can be set. This frequency is the rate of ASK amplitude jump. Logic signal is
configured by the instrument.
1)
Use ASK function
Press MOD, Type and ASK in sequence (press soft key “Type” to select ) to use ASK function.
Figure 4- 40 Select ASK function
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
3)
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine
wave) when ASK modulation signal is on.
48
Figure 4- 41 Set carrier parameters
You can also set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of
function again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameter, press corresponding soft key, input the
required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 42 Set carrier amplitude
4)
Set ASK rate
Press MOD to return to the interface below to set ASK rate after setting carrier parameters.
49
Figure 4- 43 Set ASK rate
You can also set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press soft function key Freq again, input
number 300 through the numeric keyboard and press soft key Hz to set the ASK rate.
Figure 4- 44 Set ASK rate
5)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
50
Figure 4- 45 Use channel output
Check the shape of the ASK modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 46 Observe ASK waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.5 Frequency Shift Keying（FSK）
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can move between two preset frequency (carrier frequency and hopping
frequency) in frequency shift keying. Frequency of carrier signal or hopping signal is output according to logic of
modulation signal. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure same or different
modulation mode for channel 1 and 2.
Select FSK modulation
Press Menu, Type and FSK in sequence to use the FSK function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to
select). After FSK function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the
current setting.
51
Figure 4- 47 Select FSK function
Select carrier waveform
FSK carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave by
default. After FSK modulation is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to select carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 48 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
52
Table 4- 5
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set the carrier frequency, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft function key Freq,
input the required value and select the unit after selecting carrier waveform. If the current carrier waveform meets your
requirements, you can also directly set the carrier frequency in the interface of FSK modulation, providing a more flexible
and intuitive input mode.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select either an internal or external modulation source. After you use FSK
function, the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface
for using FSK function or by pressing Source.
Figure 4- 49 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
In case of internal modulation source, modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and arbitrary
wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use PM function, you can see that modulation wave is sine wave by default.
You can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using phase modulation function or by pressing the
key of basic waveform type setting.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
53
2)
External source
When using an external modulation source, the rate will not be shown in the parameter list, when an external waveform
will be used to modulate carrier waveform. FSK output frequency is determined by logic level on the external digital
modulation interface (FSK Trig connector). For example, when external input logic is low, carrier frequency is output;
when external input logic is high, hopping frequency is output.
Set hopping frequency
After you use FSK function, the default hopping frequency is 1MHz. You can change it with the multi-functional control and
direction keys on the interface for using FSK function or by pressing Hop Freq. The range of hopping frequency depends
on the carrier waveform. See the table below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 6
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
Set FSK rate
The frequency between carrier frequency and hopping frequency can be set in case of internal modulation source. After
you use FSK function, you can set FSK rate, which is in the range of 2mHz~100kHz and 100Hz by default. You can
change it with multi-functional control and direction key on the interface for using FSK function or by pressing Rate.
Note: FSK rate can only be changed after FSK function is used. Press MOD, Type and FSK in sequence (press soft key
“Type” to select ) to use FSK function.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in FSK mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 2kHz and 1Vpp as carrier signal. Set
hopping frequency to be 800Hz. Finally set frequency between carrier frequency and hopping frequency to be 200Hz. The
specific steps are as follows:
3)
Use FSK function
Press MOD, Type and FSK in sequence (press soft key “Type” to select ) to use FSK function.
54
Figure 4- 50 Select FSK function
1)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave)
when FSK modulation signal is on.
You can also set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press corresponding soft keys of
function again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press corresponding soft key, input the
required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 51 Set carrier parameters
2)
Set hopping frequency and FSK rate
Press MOD to return to the interface below after setting carrier parameters:
55
Figure 4- 52 Set modulation amplitude
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys directly on this interface. You can also press the
corresponding soft keys of function again, when the interface below will display. Press the corresponding soft key, input
the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 53 Set FSK rate
3)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
56
Figure 4- 54 Use channel output
Check the shape of FSK modulation waveform through the oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 55 Observe FSK waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.6 Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can move between two preset phases (carrier phase and modulation phase) in
phase shift keying. Phase of carrier signal or modulation signal is output according to logic of modulation signal. The
modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure identical or different modulation mode
for channels 1 and 2.
Select PSK modulation
Press MOD, Type and PSK in sequence to use PSK function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After PSK function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current
carrier phase and modulation phase.
57
Figure 4- 56 Select PSK function
Select carrier waveform
PSK carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave by
default. After PSK modulation is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to select carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 57 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
58
Table 4- 7
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set carrier frequency, use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft key Freq, input the required value
and select the unit after selecting carrier waveform.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use PSK function,
the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on the interface for using PSK
function or by pressing soft function key Source.
Figure 4- 58 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
When using an internal modulation source, the modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and
arbitrary wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use PM function, the modulation wave is sine wave by default. You
can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using phase modulation function or by pressing the key
of basic waveform type setting.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count
59
2)
External source
When using an external modulation source, the rate will not show in the parameter list, when an external waveform will be
used to modulate carrier waveform. PSK output phase is determined by logic level on external digital modulation interface
(FSK Trig connector). For example, when external input logic is low, carrier phase is output; when external input logic is
high, modulation phase is output.
Set PSK rate
The frequency between carrier phase and modulation phase can be set when using an internal modulation source. After
you use PSK function, you can set PSK rate, which is in the range of 2mHz~1MHz and 10kHz by default. You can change
it with multi-functional control and direction key on the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Rate.
Set modulation phase
Modulation phase is change in phase of waveform subject to PSK modulation relative to carrier phase. The range of PSK
modulation phase is 0º~360º, 180º by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the
interface for using PSK function or by pressing Parameter Phase successively.
Comprehensive example
Set the instrument run in PSK mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 2kHz and 2Vpp as carrier signal. Finally set
frequency between carrier phase and modulation phase to be1kHz and phase to be 180º.
The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use PSK function
Press MOD, Type and PSK in sequence (press soft key Type to select ) to use PSK function.
Figure 4- 59 Select PSK function
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of function
again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press corresponding soft key, input the required value
and select the unit.
60
Figure 4- 60 Set modulation parameters
3)
Set PSK rate and modulation phase
Press MOD to return to the interface below after setting carrier parameters:
Figure 4- 61 Set modulation parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys directly on this interface. You can also press the
corresponding soft keys of function again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press the
corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
4)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
61
Figure 4- 62 Use channel output
Check the shape of PSK modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 63 Observe PSK waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.7 Binary Phase Shift Keying（BPSK）
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can move between two preset phases (carrier phase and modulation phase) in
binary phase shift keying, expressing 0 and 1. Phase of carrier signal or modulation signal is output according to logic of
modulation signal. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure same or different
modulation mode for channel 1 and 2.
Select BPSK modulation
Press MOD, Type and BPSK in sequence to use BPSK function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After BPSK function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current
carrier phase (0º by default and not adjustable) and modulation phase.
62
Figure 4- 64 Select BPSK function
Select carrier waveform
BPSK carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave
by default. After PSK modulation is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to select carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 65 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
63
Table 4- 8
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set the carrier frequency, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft key Freq, input the
required value and select the unit after selecting carrier waveform.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use BPSK function,
the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on the interface for using PSK
function or by pressing soft function key Source.
Figure 4- 66 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
When using an internal modulation source, the modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and
arbitrary wave, and is sine wave by default. After you use PM function, the modulation wave is sine wave by default. You
can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using phase modulation function or by pressing the key
of basic waveform type setting.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
64
2)
External source
When using an external modulation source, rate will not show in the parameter list, when an external waveform will be
used to modulate carrier waveform. BPSK output phase is determined by logic level on external digital modulation
interface (FSK Trig connector). For example, when external input logic is low, carrier phase is output; when external input
logic is high, modulation phase is output.
Set BPSK rate
The frequency between carrier phase and modulation phase can be set. After you use BPSK function, you can set BPSK
rate, which is in the range of 2mHz~1MHz and 10kHz by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and
direction keys on the the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Rate.
Set PN code
The relationship between carrier phase and modulation phase can be set when using an internal modulation source. After
you use BPSK function, you can set PN code, which is divided into four types: PN15, PPN21, 01 and 10. You can change
it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Data Source.
Set modulation phase
Modulation phase is the change in phase of a waveform subject to PSK modulation relative to carrier phase. The range of
BPSK modulation phase is 0º~360º, 90º by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys
on the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Phase.
Comprehensive example
Set the instrument to run in BPSK mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 2kHz and 2Vpp as carrier signal. Finally set
carrier phase and initial modulation phase to be 90 º, frequency between phases to be 1kHz and PN code to be PN15.
The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use BPSK function
Press MOD, Type and BPSK in sequence (press soft key Type to select ) to use BPSK function.
Figure 4- 67 Select BPSK function
65
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press corresponding soft keys of function
again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press corresponding soft key, input the required value
and select the unit.
Figure 4- 68 Set carrier parameters
3)
Set BPSK initial phase, rate, modulation phase and PN code
Press MOD to return to the interface below after setting carrier parameters:
Figure 4- 69 Set modulation parameters
66
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys directly on this interface. You can also press the
corresponding soft keys of function again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press
corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 70 Set modulation rate
4)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 71 Use channel output
67
Check the shape of BPSK modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 72 Observe BPSK waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.8 Quadrature Phase Shift Keying（QPSK）
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can move between four preset phases (carrier phase and 3 modulation phases)
in QPSK. Phase of carrier signal or modulation signal is output according to logic of modulation signal. The modulation
mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure identical or different modulation mode for channels
1 and 2.
Select QPSK modulation
Press MOD, Type and QPSK in sequence to use QPSK function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to
select). After QPSK function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the
current carrier phase and modulation phase.
Figure 4- 73 Select QPSK function
68
Select carrier waveform
QPSK carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave
by default. After QPSK modulation is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to select carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 74 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 9
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set the carrier frequency, use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft key Freq, input the required
value and select the unit after selecting carrier waveform.
Select modulation data source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select PN15 or PN21. After you use QPSK function, you can see that
modulation data source is PN15 by default. You can change it with multi-functional control on the interface for using PSK
function or by pressing soft function key Data Source.
69
Figure 4- 75 Select modulation source
Set QPSK rate
The frequency between carrier phase and modulation phase can be set. After you use QPSK function, you can set QPSK
rate, which is in the range of 2mHz~1MHz and 10kHz by default. You can change it with multi-functional control and
direction key on the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Rate.
Set modulation phase
Modulation phase is change in phase of waveform subject to QPSK modulation relative to carrier phase. The range of
QPSK modulation phase is 0º~360º. The three default modulation sources are 90º, 180º and 270º. You can change it with
the multi-functional control and direction key on the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Phase1, Phase2 and
Phase3.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument run in QPSK mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 2kHz and 2Vpp as carrier signal. Finally
set the three carrier phases and initial modulation phase to be 90º, 180º and 270º, frequency between phases to be 1kHz,
and PN code to be PN15. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use QPSK function
Press MOD, Type and QPSK in sequence (press soft key Type to select) to use QPSK function.
70
Figure 4- 76 Select QPSK function
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of function
again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press corresponding soft key, input the required value
and select the unit.
Figure 4- 77 Set carrier parameters
3)
Set QPSK rate, modulation phase and PN code
Press MOD to return to the interface below after setting carrier parameters:
71
Figure 4- 78 Set QPSK parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys directly on this interface. You can also press the
corresponding soft keys of function again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press
corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 79 Set QPSK rate
4)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
72
Figure 4- 80 Use channel output
Check the shape of QPSK modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 81 Observe QPSK waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.9 Oscillation Keying（OSK）
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can output a sinusoidal signal of intermittent oscillation in OSK. Carrier
waveform is output when internal crystal oscillator starts oscillation; output is stopped when internal crystal oscillator stops
oscillation. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure identical or different
modulation mode for channels 1 and 2.
Select OSK modulation
Press MOD, Type and OSK in sequence to use BPSK function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After OSK function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current
carrier phase (0º by default and not adjustable) and modulation phase.
73
Figure 4- 82 Select OSK function
Select carrier waveform
OSK carrier waveform is sine wave.
Figure 4- 83 Select carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
The default frequency of carrier wave is 1kHz. See the table below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 10
Frequency
Carrier
waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
74
To set carrier frequency, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft key Freq, input the
required value and select the unit.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use PSK function,
the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control on the the interface for
using PSK function or by pressing soft function key Source.
Figure 4- 84 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
When using an internal modulation source, internal modulation wave is sine wave. The phase relation between oscillation
starting and stop can be designated by setting OSK rate.
2)
External source
When using an external modulation source, rate will not show in the parameter list, when an external waveform will be
used to modulate carrier waveform. OSK output phase is determined by logic level on external digital modulation interface
(FSK Trig connector). For example, when external input logic is low, carrier phase is output; when external input logic is
high, modulation phase is output.
Set OSK rate
The frequency between carrier phase and modulation phase can be set when using an internal modulation source. After
you use OSK function, you can set QPSK rate, which is in the range of 2mHz~1MHz and 500Hz by default. You can
change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for using PSK function or by pressing Rate.
Set oscillation period
Oscillation period is oscillation period of internal crystal oscillator. Press soft function key OcsTime to highlight it, and input
the required value through the numeric keyboard or direction keys and control, which is in the range of 8ns -1ms and 50μs
by default.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument run in OSK mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 2kHz and 2Vpp as carrier signal. Set rate
to be 100Hz and oscillation period to be 1μs. The specific steps are as follows:
75
1)
OSK function
Press MOD, Type and OSK successively (press soft key Type to select ) to use OSK function.
Figure 4- 85 Select OSK function
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of function
again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press corresponding soft key, input the required value
and select the unit.
Figure 4- 86 Set carrier parameters
76
3)
Set OSK rate, modulation phase and PN code
Press MOD to return to the interface below after setting carrier parameters:
Figure 4- 87 Set modulation parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys directly on this interface. You can also press the
corresponding soft keys of function again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press
corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 88 Set modulation rate
4)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
77
Figure 4- 89 Use channel output
Check the shape of OSK modulation waveform through the oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 90 Observe OSK waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.10 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation（QAM）
In QAM, two signals of the same frequency but with phase difference of 90° are used as carrier wave, which is subject to
amplitude modulation with baseband signal. The function/arbitrary waveform generator can output seven modulation
modes: 4QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM and 256QAM. The modulation mode of the two channels is
mutually independent. You can configure identical or different modulation mode for channel 1 and 2.
78
Select QAM
Press MOD, Type and QAM in sequence to use QAM function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After QAM function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the current
carrier phase (0º by default and not adjustable) and modulation phase.
Figure 4- 91 Select QAM function
Select carrier waveform
QAM carrier waveform is a sine wave.
Figure 4- 92 Select carrier waveform
79
Set carrier frequency
Table 4- 11
Frequency
Carrier
waveform
Sine wave
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
To set carrier frequency, use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press soft key Freq, input the required value
and select the unit after selecting carrier waveform.
Set modulation mode
Modulation mode is a subsection of constellation, which varies with the modulation mode selected. Press soft function key
Map to highlight it, and input the required period value through the numeric keyboard or direction key and control, which
can be 4QAM, 8QAM, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM or 256QAM.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in QAM mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 2kHz and 2Vpp as carrier signal. Set
rate to be 100Hz and modulation mode to be 64QAM. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
QAM function
Press MOD, Type and QAM in sequence (press soft key Type to select) to use QAM function.
Figure 4- 93 Select QAM function
2)
Set carrier signal parameters
Press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of function
again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input the required
value and select the unit.
80
Figure 4- 94 Set carrier parameters
3)
Set QAM modulation mode, PN code and modulation rate
Press MOD to return to the interface below after setting carrier parameters:
Figure 4- 95 Set modulation parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys directly on this interface. You can also press the
corresponding soft keys of function again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press
corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
81
Figure 4- 96 Set modulation rate
4)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 97 Use channel output
82
Check the shape of QAM modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 98 Observe QAM waveform with oscilloscope
4.1.11 Sum Modulation（SUM）
In SUM, the modulated waveform generally is composed of carrier wave and modulation wave. The output waveform is
obtained by the sum of product of carrier amplitude and modulation factor and product of amplitude of modulation wave
and modulation factor. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure identical or
different modulation mode for channels 1 and 2.
Select SUM
Press MOD, Type and SUM in sequence to use SUM function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press the soft key Type to
select). After SUM function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output modulated waveform with the
current modulation waveform and carrier wave.
83
Figure 4- 99 Select SUM function
Select carrier waveform
SUM carrier waveform can be sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave or arbitrary wave (except DC), and is sine wave by
default. After SUM is selected, press the key of basic waveform setting to set the corresponding carrier waveform.
Set carrier frequency
Carrier frequency range varies with carrier waveform. The default frequency of all carrier waves is 1kHz. See the table
below for frequency range of carrier wave:
Table 4- 12
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set carrier frequency, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press the corresponding key, input
the required value and select the unit.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use SUM function,
the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using
SUM function or by pressing function menu Source.
84
Figure 4- 100 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
When using an internal modulation source, modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, ascending sawtooth wave,
descent sawtooth wave, arbitrary wave and noise, and is sine wave by default. After you use SUM function, the
modulation wave is sine wave by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using
amplitude modulation function or by pressing Wave.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0.10%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
•
2)
Noise: white Gaussian noise
External source
When using an external modulation source, modulation wave and frequency will not show in the parameter list, when an
external waveform will be used to modulate carrier waveform. SUM depth is controlled by ±5V signal level on external
analog modulation input terminal (Modulation In connector) of back panel. For example, if modulation depth in parameter
list is set to be 100%, SUM output amplitude is the maximum when external modulation signal is +5V and the minimum
when external modulation signal is -5V.
Set frequency of modulation wave
The frequency of modulation wave can be set in case of internal modulation source. After you use SUM function, the
default frequency of modulation wave is 10kHz. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on
the interface for using amplitude modulation function or by pressing Freq. The range of modulation frequency is
2mHz~100kHz. When using an external modulation source, modulation wave and frequency will not show in the
parameter list, when an external waveform will be used to modulate carrier waveform. The frequency range of modulation
signal of external input is 2mHz~20kHz.
85
Set modulation depth
Modulation depth is the degree of amplitude change, expressed as a percentage. The range of SUM depth is 0%~100%,
100% by default. When modulation depth is 0%, carrier wave is output. When modulation depth is 100%, modulation
wave is output. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for using amplitude
modulation function or by pressing Depth. When using an external modulation source, the output amplitude of the
instrument is also controlled by ±5V signal level on external analog modulation input terminal (Modulation In connector) on
the back panel.
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in SUM mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 1kHz as modulation signal and a
square wave with frequency of 2kHz, amplitude of 200mVpp and duty ratio of 45% as carrier signal. Finally set the
modulation depth to be 80%. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use SUM function
Press MOD to use the function and select SUM function (press soft key Type to select ).
Figure 4- 101 Select SUM function
2)
Set modulation signal parameters
Set with the multi-functional control and direction keys after using SUM function. You can also press soft keys of function
on the above interface for using the SUM function. To set the parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input the
required value and select the unit.
86
Figure 4- 102 Set modulation parameters
3)
Set carrier signal parameters
Select type of basic waveform in modulation mode. Press Square to select the carrier signal as a square wave.
Figure 4- 103 Set carrier parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of function
again. To set the parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
87
Figure 4- 104 Set carrier duty ratio
4)
Set modulation depth
Press soft key MOD to return to the interface below to set the modulation depth after setting carrier parameters. You can
set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press soft key Depth again, input the number 80
through the numeric keyboard and press soft key % to set the modulation depth.
Figure 4- 105 Set modulation depth
5)
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
88
Check the shape of SQUARE modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 106 Use channel output
4.1.12 Pulse Width Modulation（PWM）
In PWM, the modulated waveform generally is composed of carrier wave and modulation wave. The pulse width of carrier
wave will vary with the amplitude of modulation wave. The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent.
You can configure identical or different modulation mode for channels 1 and 2.
Select PWM
Press MOD, Type and PWM in sequence to use PWM function (if “Type” is not highlighted, it may be necessary to press
soft key Type twice to display the next screen of sub-tags). After PWM function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform
generator will output modulated waveform with the current modulation waveform and carrier wave.
Figure 4- 107 Select PWM function
89
Carrier waveform
PWM carrier waveform can only be pulse wave. After PWM is selected, press Pulse to enter interface of carrier waveform.
Figure 4- 108
Set carrier waveform
Set carrier frequency
The frequency range of pulse wave is 1μH~50MHz. Default frequency is 1kHz. To set carrier frequency, please use the
multi-functional control and direction keys in the interface or press soft function key Freq, input the required value and
select the unit.
Set carrier duty ratio
The range of duty ratio of pulse wave is 0.01%~99.99%. Default duty ratio is 50%. To set carrier duty ratio, please use the
multi-functional control and direction keys in the interface or press soft function key Duty, input the required value and
select the unit.
Select modulation source
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can select internal or external modulation source. After you use PWM function,
the modulation source is internal by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using
frequency modulation function or by pressing Source.
Note: the modulation source can only be selected after PWM function is used. Press MOD, Type and PWM in sequence
(if “Type” is not highlighted, it may be necessary to press soft key Type twice to display the next screen of sub-tags) to use
PWM function.
90
Figure 4- 109 Select modulation source
1)
Internal source
When using an internal modulation source, the modulation wave can be sine wave, square wave, ascending sawtooth
wave, descent sawtooth wave, arbitrary wave and noise, and is sine wave by default. After you use PWM function, the
modulation wave is sine wave by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control on the interface for using
PWM function or by pressing Wave.
•
Square wave: duty ratio is 50%
•
Ascending sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 100%
•
Descent sawtooth wave: degree of symmetry is 0%
•
Arbitrary wave: when selecting arbitrary wave as modulation waveform, function/arbitrary waveform generator
limits length of arbitrary wave to 32Mpts by automatic test count.
•
2)
Noise: white Gaussian noise
External source
When using an external modulation source, the modulation wave and frequency will not show in the parameter list, when
an external waveform will be used to modulate carrier waveform. Duty ratio deviation of PWM is controlled by ±5V signal
level on the external analog modulation input terminal (Modulation In connector) on the back panel. For example, if duty
ratio deviation in parameter list is set to be 15%, duty ratio of carrier signal (pulse wave) increases by 15% when external
modulation signal is +5V. Lower external signal level generates less deviation.
Set duty ratio deviation
Duty ratio deviation is the deviation of the modulated waveform from the current carrier duty ratio. The range of PWM duty
ratio is 0%~49.99%, 20% by default. You can change it with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface
for using PWM function or by pressing Duty.
•
Duty ratio deviation is change in duty ratio of modulated waveform relative to original pulse waveform (%).
•
Duty ratio deviation should not be more than current duty ratio of pulse wave.
•
The sum of duty ratio deviation and current duty ratio of pulse wave must be ≤99.99%.
•
Duty ratio deviation is restricted by minimum duty ratio of pulse wave and the current edge time.
91
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in PWM mode, and then set an internal sine wave of 1kHz as modulation signal and a pulse
wave with frequency of 10kHz, amplitude of 2Vpp, duty ratio of 50% and rising/falling time of 100ns as carrier signal.
Finally set duty ratio deviation to be 40%. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use PWM function
Press MOD, Type and PWM in sequence (if “Type” is not highlighted, it may be necessary to press soft key Type twice to
display the next screen of sub-tags) to use PWM function.
Figure 4 - 110 Select PWM function
2)
Set modulation signal parameters
Set with the multi-functional control and direction keys after using PWM function. You can also press the corresponding
soft keys of function on the above interface for using the PWM function, when the interface below will display. To set some
parameter, press the corresponding soft key, input the required value and select the unit.
92
Figure 4 - 111
3)
Set modulation parameters
Set carrier signal parameters
Press soft function key Pulse to enter the interface for setting carrier parameters in the interface for using PWM function.
Figure 4 - 112 Set carrier parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of function
again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input the required
value and select the unit.
93
Figure 4- 113
4)
Set rising edge
Set duty ratio deviation
Press Pulse to return to the interface below to set frequency deviation after setting carrier parameters.
Figure 4- 114
Set modulation parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the soft function key Duty again, input
the number 40 through the numeric keyboard and press soft key
94
%
to set the duty ratio deviation.
Figure 4- 115
5)
Set duty ratio deviation
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 116
Use channel output
95
Check the shape of PWM modulation waveform through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 117 Observe PWM waveform with oscilloscope
4.2 Output Frequency Sweep Waveform
When selecting frequency sweep mode, the output frequency of function/arbitrary waveform generator changes in a linear
or logarithmic way from starting frequency to stop frequency in designated frequency sweep time. Trigger source can be
internal, external or manual; it can generate frequency sweep output for sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and
arbitrary wave (except DC). The modulation mode of the two channels is mutually independent. You can configure
identical or different modulation mode for channels 1 and 2.
4.2.1 Select Frequency Sweep
Start frequency sweep
Press SWEEP to start frequency sweep. After frequency sweep is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will
output frequency sweep waveform with the current setting.
96
Figure 4- 118 Select SWEEP function
Select frequency sweep waveform
After frequency sweep is started, press the key of basic waveform setting to select frequency sweep waveform. For
example, select square wave as frequency sweep. Press Square and SWEEP. The interface is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 119 Select frequency sweep waveform
4.2.2 Set Starting and Stop Frequency
Starting frequency and stop frequency are the upper limit and lower limit of frequency sweep. Function/arbitrary waveform
generator always sweeps from starting frequency to stop frequency and then returns to starting frequency. To set starting
or stop frequency, press SWEEP to return to interface of frequency sweep mode after setting carrier parameters, when
you can use multi-functional control and direction key or press corresponding soft function key, input number through the
numeric keyboard and press the corresponding soft key of unit to finish setting.
97
Figure 4- 120 Set frequency sweep parameters
•
When starting frequency < stop frequency, function / arbitrary waveform generator sweeps from low frequency to
high frequency.
•
When starting frequency> stop frequency, function / arbitrary waveform generator sweeps from high frequency to
low frequency.
•
When starting frequency= stop frequency, function / arbitrary waveform generator outputs fixed frequency.
•
The synchronous signal of frequency sweep mode is low from starting point to midpoint of frequency sweep time,
and high from midpoint to end of frequency sweep time.
By default, starting frequency is 1kHz and stop frequency is 1MHz, but the range of starting and stop frequency can vary
with frequency sweep waveform. See the table below for the frequency range of frequency sweep wave:
Table 4- 13
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
4.2.3 Frequency Sweep Mode
For linear frequency sweep, the waveform generator changes the output frequency in a linear way during frequency
sweep; for logarithmic frequency sweep, waveform generator changes the output frequency in a logarithmic way. Linear
frequency sweep mode is default. To change it, please press soft key Type on the interface for starting frequency sweep
mode (please press SWEEP first to enter the interface for selecting frequency sweep waveform).
98
Figure 4- 121 Select linear frequency sweep
Figure 4- 122 Select logarithmic frequency sweep
4.2.4 Frequency Sweep Time
Set the time from starting frequency to stop frequency, which is 1ms by default and in the range of 1µs~500s. To change it,
you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for selecting frequency sweep mode or press
soft function key Swp Time, input number through the numeric keyboard and press the corresponding soft key of unit.
99
Figure 4- 123 Set frequency sweep time
4.2.5 Select Trigger Source
The signal generator generates frequency sweep output upon receiving a trigger signal and then waits for the next trigger
signal. The trigger source of frequency sweep can be internal, external or manual. To change it, you can use the
multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for selecting frequency sweep mode or press the soft function
key Source.
Figure 4- 124 Select trigger source
When using an internal trigger, the waveform generator will output a continuous frequency sweep, the rate of which is
determined by frequency sweep time.
When using an external trigger, the waveform generator will accept a hardware trigger that has been connected to the
external digital modulation interface (FSK Trig connector) on the back panel. The waveform generator will start a
frequency sweep upon receiving a TTL pulse with designated polarity.
100
Note: in the event of an external trigger source, trigger output will not be shown in the parameter list, as trigger output is
also achieved through external digital modulation interface (FSK Trig connector). This interface cannot be simultaneously
used as external trigger input and internal trigger output.
Figure 4- 125 Select external trigger source
When using manual trigger, the backlight of Trigger on the front panel flashes. Frequency sweep is output upon pressing
Trigger.
4.2.6 Trigger Output
When using an internal or manual trigger source, the trigger signal (square wave) can be output through external digital
modulation interface (FSK Trig connector), compatible with TTL level. The default trigger output is “OFF”. To change it,
you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for selecting frequency sweep mode or press
Page Up/Down and soft function key Trig Out successively.
•
In internal trigger, signal generator outputs a square wave with duty ratio of 50% from external digital modulation
interface (FSK Trig connector) when frequency sweep starts. Trigger period depends on designated frequency
sweep time.
•
In manual trigger, signal generator outputs a pulse more than 1µs wide from external digital modulation interface
(FSK Trig connector) when frequency sweep starts.
•
In external trigger, trigger output will be hidden in parameter list, as trigger output is also achieved through
external digital modulation interface （FSK Trig connector）. This interface can not be simultaneously used as
external trigger input and internal trigger output.
4.2.7 Trigger Edge
Edge can be designated when an external digital modulation interface (FSK Trig connector) is used as input. When it is
used as input (i.e. internal trigger source), “rising edge” means that rising edge of external signal triggers output of a
frequency sweep wave, and “falling edge” means that falling edge of external signal triggers output of a frequency sweep
wave. The default edge is “rising edge”. To change it, you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys on the
interface for selecting the frequency sweep mode or press soft key Trig Edge .
101
4.2.8 Comprehensive Example
First set the instrument to run in frequency sweep mode, and then set a square wave signal with amplitude of 1Vpp and
duty ratio of 50% as frequency sweep wave. The frequency sweep mode is linear. Set starting frequency to be 1kHz, stop
frequency to be 50kHz and frequency sweep time to be 2ms. The specific steps are as follows:
Use frequency sweep function
Press SWEEP and Type in sequence to display a linear frequency sweep (press soft key Type to select) to start linear
frequency sweep function.
Figure 4- 126 Select SWEEP function
Select frequency sweep waveform
After linear frequency sweep function is used, press Square to select frequency sweep waveform, when the interface
below will display:
Figure 4- 127 Select frequency sweep waveform
102
You can set the amplitude with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft
function keys again, when the interface below will display. To set the parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input
the required value and select the unit.
Figure 4- 128 Set waveform amplitude
Set starting/stop frequency, frequency sweep time, trigger source and edge.
Press SWEEP to return to the interface below after selecting frequency sweep waveform and relevant parameters:
Figure 4- 129 Set frequency sweep parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys
again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press the corresponding soft key, input the required
value and select the unit.
103
Figure 4- 130 Set trigger frequency
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 131 Use channel output
Check the shape of frequency sweep waveform through the oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
104
Figure 4- 132 Observe frequency sweep waveform with oscilloscope
4.3 Output Burst
Signal generator can create a waveform with designated recurring number (known as pulse train). The function/arbitrary
waveform generator supports control of pulse train output with internal, external or manual trigger, and three types of
pulse train, including N cycle, gating and infinite. It can generate pulse train for sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave,
pulse wave, arbitrary wave (except DC) and noise (only applicable to gating pulse train). The modulation mode of the two
channels is mutually independent. You can configure identical or different modulation mode for channels 1 and 2.
4.3.1 Select Burst
Start Burst function
Press BURST to start function of pulser. After pulse train function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will
output pulse train with the current setting.
Figure 4- 133 Select BURST function
105
Select waveform
•
N cycle mode supports sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave, pulse wave and arbitrary wave (except DC).
•
Gating mode supports sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave, pulse wave, arbitrary wave (except DC) and
noise.
•
Infinite mode supports sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave, pulse wave and arbitrary wave (except DC).
After pulse train function is started, press the key of basic waveform setting to select frequency sweep waveform. For
example, press Square, the interface is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 134 Select waveform
Set waveform frequency
In N cycle and gating modes, waveform frequency defines signal frequency during period of pulse train. In N cycle mode,
the pulse train will be output with designated cycle index and waveform frequency. In gating mode, when trigger signal is
at high level, pulse train is output with waveform frequency.
Note: waveform frequency is different with period of pulse train that designates interval between pulse trains (only for N
cycle mode). The default frequency of waveform is 1kHz. See the table below for the range:
Table 4- 14
Frequency
Carrier waveform
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Sine wave
1μHz~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
Arbitrary wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 30MHz
To set the waveform frequency, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press the soft function key
Freq, input the required value and select the unit after selecting waveform.
106
4.3.2 Type of Burst
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can output three types of pulse train, N cycle, gating and infinite. The default
type is N cycle.
N cycle mode
Press soft keys Type and N Cyc in sequence on the interface for starting pulse function to enter N cycle mode. In this
mode, the waveform generator will output a waveform with designated recurring number (pulse train) upon receiving
trigger. After outputting a designated number of cycles, the waveform generator will stop and wait for the next trigger. The
trigger source of pulse train can be internal, external or manual in this mode. To change it, you can use the multi-functional
control and direction keys on the interface for selecting the type of pulse train (as shown in the figure below) or press the
soft function key Source.
Figure 4- 135 Select N cycle mode
Gating mode
Press the soft function keys Type and Gated in sequence on the interface for starting pulse function to enter gating mode.
In mode of gating pulse train, trigger source, trigger output, trigger edge, burst period (period of pulse train) and recurring
number will not be shown in the parameter list. As only an external trigger source can be used, waveform generator is
triggered according to the hardware connected to the external digital modulation interface (FSK Trig connector) on the
back panel. When polarity is positive and trigger input signal is at high level, a continuous waveform is output; when
trigger input signal is at low level, the current waveform period is finished first and then stop at the level corresponding to
the initial phase of the waveform selected. For noise waveform, when gated signal is spurious, output will be immediately
stopped. Polarity can be changed with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for selecting gating
mode (as shown in the figure below) or by pressing soft key Trg Edge.
107
Figure 4- 136 Select gating mode
Infinite mode
Press soft function keys Type and Infinite in sequence on the interface for starting pulse function to enter infinite mode. In
mode of infinite pulse train, burst period (period of pulse train) and recurring number will not be shown in the parameter list.
Infinite pulse train amounts to infinite cycle index of waveform. The signal generator outputs continuous waveform when
receiving trigger signal. The trigger source of pulse train can be internal, external or manual in this mode. To change it,
you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for selecting the type of pulse train (as shown
in the figure below) or press the soft function key Source.
Figure 4- 137 Select infinite mode
108
4.3.3 Phase of Burst
Phase of pulse train is phase at starting point of pulse train. It is in the range of -360°~+360°. The default initial phase is 0°.
To change it, you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface for selecting type of pulse train or
press soft function key Phase.
•
For sine wave, square wave, sawtooth wave and pulse wave, 0° is the point at which the waveform passes 0V
(or DC offset value) in forward direction.
•
For arbitrary waveform, 0° is the first waveform point downloaded to the storage.
•
Initial phase has no effect on the noise wave.
4.3.4 Period of Burst
Burst period (period of pulse train) is only applicable to N cycle mode, and is defined as the time from one pulse train to
the next pulse train. When trigger source is external or manual, burst period (period of pulse train) will not be shown in the
parameter list. The range of burst period (period of pulse train) is 1µs~500s; the default “burst period” is 1ms. To change it,
you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press the soft key Period after selecting type of pulse train
as N cycle.
•
Burst period (period of pulse train) ≥ waveform period ×recurring number (number of pulse trains). The waveform
period is reciprocal of waveform frequency mentioned in “select pulse train”.
•
If burst period (period of pulse train) is too short, signal generator will automatically increase the period to allow
output of a designated number of cycles.
Figure 4- 138 Set period of pulse train
4.3.5 Counting of Burst
In N cycle mode, counting of pulse train is used to designate the number of waveform cycles. It is in the range of 1~50000
periods and 1 by default. To change it, you can use the multi-functional control and direction or press soft function key
Cycles after selecting the type of pulse train as “N cycle”.
•
Recurring number≤ burst period × waveform frequency
•
If recurring number exceeds the above limit, signal generator will automatically increase period of pulse train to
adapt to the designated counting of pulse train (without changing waveform frequency).
109
4.3.6 Select Trigger Source
The signal generator generates output of pulse train upon receiving a trigger signal, and then waits for the next trigger
signal. The trigger source of pulse train can be internal, external or manual. To change it, you can use the multi-functional
control and direction keys on the interface for selecting the type of pulse train or press soft key Source.
When using an internal trigger, pulse train is output continuously with designated frequency. The frequency of pulse train
output is determined by period of pulse train. The signal generator can output “N cycle” or “infinite” pulse train.
When using an external trigger, the waveform generator will accept a hardware trigger that has been applied to the
external digital modulation interface (FSK Trig connector) on the back panel. The waveform generator will output a pulse
train upon receiving a TTL pulse with designated polarity. The signal generator can output “N cycle”, “gating” or “infinite”
pulse train.
When using a manual trigger, the backlight of Trigger on the front panel flashes. A pulse train is output upon pressing
Trigger. The signal generator can output “N cycle” or “infinite” pulse train.
4.3.7 Trigger Output
When using an internal or manual trigger source, the trigger signal (square wave) can be output through sync output
interface. The signal is compatible with TTL level.
4.3.8 Trigger Edge
Trigger edge can be designated when external digital modulation interface (FSK Trig connector) is used as input. When it
is used as input (i.e. internal trigger source), “rising edge” means that rising edge of an external signal triggers output of a
pulse train, and “falling edge” means that falling edge of an external signal triggers output of a pulse train. In gating mode,
when polarity in parameter list is “positive”, external signal triggers output of a pulse train at high level, and “negative
polarity” means that external signal triggers output of a pulse train at low level. When it is used as output (i.e. “internal” or
“manual” trigger and trigger output is “ON”), the default edge is “rising edge”.
4.3.9 Comprehensive Example
First set the instrument to run in pulse train mode, and then set a sine wave signal with period of 5ms and amplitude of
500mVpp as waveform of pulse train, set type of pulse train to be N-cycle, period of pulse train to be 15ms and recurring
number to be 2. The specific steps are as follows:
Use pulse train function
Press BURST, Type and N Cyc in sequence (press soft key Type to select) to set type of pulse train to be “N-cycle” mode.
110
Figure 4- 139 Set N cycle function
Select waveform of Burst
After setting N-cycle mode of pulse train, press Sine to select carrier signal as a sine wave if previously set to another
mode (Default carrier signal is a sine wave).
Figure 4- 140 Select waveform of pulse train
You can set amplitude with multi-functional control and direction key (note: if frequency is displayed, only frequency can
be set, which means that conversion between frequency and period cannot be realized. If frequency is displayed, period
of 2ms is corresponding to frequency of 500Hz. They are reciprocal, i.e. T=1/f). You can also press the soft function key
Freq again (press the soft key Freq twice for conversion between frequency and period in parameter list), when the
interface below will display. To set the parameters, press the corresponding soft key, input the required value and select
the unit.
111
Figure 4- 141 Set waveform amplitude
Set period of pulse train and recurring number of waveform
Press soft function key BURST to return to the interface below after selecting waveform of pulse train and relevant
parameters:
Figure 4- 142 Set pulse train parameters
You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft keys of
parameters again, when the interface below will display. To set some parameter, press the corresponding soft key, input
the required value and select the unit.
112
Figure 4- 143 Set period of pulse train
Use channel output
Press CH1 on the front panel to turn on output of channel 1. The backlight of CH1 illuminates after channel output is
turned on, “ON” to the right of CH1 information tag turns white, and “OFF” is greyed out, indicating that the output of
channel 1 is turned on.
Figure 4- 144 Use channel output
113
Check the shape of pulse train through oscilloscope, which is shown in the figure below:
Figure 4- 145 Observe BURST waveform with oscilloscope
4.4 Output Arbitrary Wave
The function/arbitrary waveform generator stores 160 types of standard waveform in nonvolatile storage. See Table 4-1
(list of built-in arbitrary wave) for the name of waveform. The instrument creates and edits arbitrary waveform through high
level computer software, and reads arbitrary waveform data file stored in U disk through the USB interface of front panel.
4.4.1 Use Arbitrary Wave Function
Press Arb to use arbitrary wave function. After the function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output
arbitrary waveform with the current setting.
114
Figure 4- 146 Select Arb function
4.4.2 Point-by-point Output/Play Mode
The function/arbitrary waveform generator supports point-by-point output of arbitrary waveform. In point-by-point output
mode, the signal generator automatically calculates frequency of output signal (476.837158203Hz) according to
waveform length (e.g. 1,048,576 points) and sampling rate. The signal generator outputs waveform points one by one with
this frequency. Point-by-point output mode can prevent loss of important waveform point. The default is “No”. In such a
case, arbitrary waveform is output with fixed length (16k points) and frequency in parameter list through automatic
interpolation of software or test count. To change it, you can use the multi-functional control and direction keys on the
interface for using arbitrary wave function or press Play Mode. When play mode is activated, the frequency and phase will
be displayed in the parameter list.
Figure 4- 147 Set point-by-point output function
115
4.4.3 Select Arbitrary Wave
The function/arbitrary waveform generator allows users to output arbitrary waveform in internal or external storage of the
instrument. You can select the arbitrary wave you need with the multi-functional control and direction keys on the interface
for using arbitrary wave function or by pressing soft keys Arb and Wave in sequence.
Note: use the multi-functional control and direction keys or press the soft keys Arb and Wave in sequence to select
storage after inserting U disk into the USB interface on the front panel, and then select the arbitrary waveform you need.
The function/arbitrary waveform generator supports *.csv or *.bsv files with waveform 8～32M points long.
Table 4- 15 List of built-in arbitrary wave
Type
Common
（15 types）
Engine
(25 types)
Name
Description
DC
DC voltage
AbsSine
Absolute value of sine
AbsSineHalf
Absolute value of half sine
AmpALT
Gain oscillation curve
AttALT
Damped oscillation curve
GaussPulse
Gaussian pulse
Gaussian monopulse
Gaussian monopulse signal
NegRamp
Inverted triangle
NPulse
Negative pulse
PPulse
Positive pulse
SineTra
Sine-Tra waveform
SineVer
Sine-Ver waveform
StairDn
Stair down
StairUD
Stair up/down
StairUp
Stair up
Trapezia
Trapezoid
BandLimited
Band-limited signal
BlaseiWave
Blasting vibration “time-vibration velocity” curve
Butterworth
Butterworth filter
Chebyshev1
Type I Chebyshev filter
Chebyshev2
Type II Chebyshev filter
Combin
Composite function
CPulse
C-Pulse signal
CWPulse
CW pulse signal
DampedOsc
Damped oscillation “time-displacement” curve
DualTone
Dual tone signal
Gamma
Gamma signal
GateVibar
Gate self-oscillation signal
LFMPulse
Linear frequency modulation pulse signal
MCNoise
Mechanical construction noise
116
Maths
（27 types）
Discharge
Discharge curve of NI-MH battery
Pahcur
Current waveform of brushless DC motor
Quake
Seismic wave
Radar
Radar signal
Ripple
Power ripple
RoundHalf
Hemispheric wave
RoundsPM
RoundsPM waveform
StepResp
Step response signal
SwingOsc
Swing oscillation function- time curve
TV
TV signal
Voice
Voice signal
Airy
Airy function
Besselj
Class-I Bessel function
Besselk
Besselk function
Bessely
Class-II Bessel function
Cauchy
Cauchy distribution
Cubic
Cubic function
Dirichlet
Dirichlet function
Erf
Error function
Erfc
Complementary error function
ErfcInv
Inverse complementary error function
ErfInv
Inverse error function
ExpFall
Exponential falling function
ExpRise
Exponential rising function
Gammaln
Natural logarithm of Gamma function
Gauss
Gaussian distribution or normal distribution
HaverSine
Haversine function
Laguerre
Quartic Laguerre polynomial
Laplace
Laplace distribution
Legend
Quintic Legendre polynomial
Log
Denary logarithmic function
LogNormal
Logarithmic normal distribution
Lorentz
Lorentzian function
Maxwell
Maxwell distribution
Rayleigh
Rayleigh distribution
Versiera
Versiera
Weibull
Weibull distribution
ARB_X2
Square function
117
AM
Sectioned amplitude modulation wave of sine
FM
Sectioned frequency modulation wave of sine
PFM
Sectioned frequency modulation wave of pulse
PM
Sectioned phase modulation wave of sine
PWM
Sectioned frequency modulation wave of pulse width
Cardiac
Electrocardiosignal
EOG
Electro-oculogram
Bioelect
EEG
Electroencephalogram
（6 types）
EMG
Electromyogram
Pulseilogram
Pulsilogram of common people
ResSpeed
Respiratory speed curve of common people
LFPulse
Low-frequency pulse electrotherapy waveform
Medical
Tens1
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation waveform 1
（4 types）
Tens2
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation waveform 2
Tens3
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation waveform 3
SectMod
（5types）
Ignition
Ignition waveform of automobile internal-combustion
engine
ISO16750-2 SP
Automobile starting sectional drawing with oscillation
ISO16750-2 Starting1
Automobile voltage waveform caused by start-up1
ISO16750-2 Starting2
Automobile voltage waveform caused by start-up 2
ISO16750-2 Starting3
Automobile voltage waveform caused by start-up 3
ISO16750-2 Starting4
Automobile voltage waveform caused by start-up 4
ISO16750-2 VR
ISO7637-2 TP1
Sectional drawing of automobile working voltage in
resetting
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by power cut
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by
Standard
(17 types)
ISO7637-2 TP2A
ISO7637-2 TP2B
ISO7637-2 TP3A
ISO7637-2 TP3B
ISO7637-2 TP4
ISO7637-2 TP5A
ISO7637-2 TP5B
inductance in wiring
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by turning off
start-up changer
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by
conversion
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by
conversion
Working sectional drawing of automobile in start-up
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by power cut
of battery
Transient phenomena of automobile caused by power cut
of battery
SCR
SCR sintering temperature release drawing
Surge
Surge signal
118
Trigonometric
function
Trigonome
(21 types)
CosH
Hyperbolic cosine
CosInt
Cosine integral
Cot
Cotangent function
CotHCon
Concave hyperbolic cotangent
CotHPro
Convex hyperbolic cotangent
CscCon
Concave cosecant
CscPro
Convex cosecant
CotH
Hyperbolic cotangent
CscHCon
Concave hyperbolic cosecant
CscHPro
Convex hyperbolic cosecant
RecipCon
Concave reciprocal
RecipPro
Convex reciprocal
SecCon
Concave secant
SecPro
Concave secant
SecH
Hyperbolic secant
Sinc
Sinc function
SinH
Hyperbolic sine
SinInt
Sine integral
Sqrt
Square root function
Tan
Tangent function
TanH
Hyperbolic tangent
ACos
Arc-cosine function
ACosH
Arc- hyperbolic cosine function
ACotCon
Concave arc cotangent function
ACotPro
Convex arc cotangent function
ACotHCon
Concave arc- hyperbolic cosine function
ACotHPro
Convex arc- hyperbolic cosine function
ACscCon
Concave arc cosecant function
Inverse Trigonome ACscPro
(17 types)
Convex arc cosecant function
ACscHCon
Concave arc hyperbolic cosecant function
ACscHPro
Convex arc hyperbolic cosecant function
ASecCon
Concave arc secant function
ASecPro
Convex arc secant function
ASecH
Arc hyperbolic secant function
ASin
Arcsin function
ASinH
Arc hyperbolic sine function
ATan
Arctan function
ATanH
Arc hyperbolic tangent function
119
Window Function
（17 types）
Bartlett
Bartlett window
BarthannWin
Corrected Bartlett window
Blackman
Blackman window
BlackmanH
BlackmanH window
BohmanWin
BohmanWin window
Boxcar
Rectangular window
ChebWin
Chebyshev window
GaussWin
Gaussian window
FlattopWin
Flat-top window
Hamming
Hamming window
Hanning
Hanning window
Kaiser
Kaiser window
NuttallWin
Minimum four-item Blackman-Harris window
ParzenWin
Parzen window
TaylorWin
Taylaor window
Triang
Triangle window, also Fejer window
TukeyWin
Tukey window
Complex Frequency
B-spline
Complex
Wavelets
（7 types）
Complex Frequency B-spline function
Complex Gaussian
Complex Gaussian function
Complex Morlet
Complex Morlet wavelet
Complex Shannon
Complex Shannon function
Mexican hat
Mexican hat wavelet
Meyer
Meyer wavelet
Morlet
Morlet wavelet
4.4.4 Create and Edit Arbitrary Waveform
The function/arbitrary waveform generator creates and edits complicated arbitrary waveforms (of any amplitude and
shape) through powerful high level computer software. Please see Operation Manual of the Arbitrary Waveform Editing
Software for specific operation.
4.5 Output Digital Protocol Coding
The signal generator can output three types of protocol coding: I2C, SPI and UART.(TTL), and support the sending of
continuous time and manual sending. Corresponding protocol parameters can be set in different protocol modes.
Corresponding signal can be output through protocol output interface on the front panel.
120
4.5.1 Description of Interface Front Panel
Digital interface of front panel is shown in the figure below:
数字接口
Digital
interface
连接插头
Connecting
plug
GND
D0
D7
GND
分接头2
Tap 2
...
分接头1
Tap 1
...
GND
D15
D8
GND
、
See the table below for correspondence of signal
Table 4- 16
Pin name
Function description
GND
Ground pin
D15
NC
D14
NC
D13
NC
D12
RS232_TXD， serial data sending end
D11
NC
D10
SPI_CS，SPI enable
D9
SPI_SDO，SPI data sending end
D8
SPI_CLK，SPI clock
D7
NC
D6
NC
D5
I2C_SDA，SPI data terminal
D4
I2C_SCL，SPI clock terminal
D3
NC
D2
NC
D1
NC
D0
NC
121
4.5.2 UART Protocol
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can generate serial port protocol signal for parameters and output through the
digital interface on the front panel in UART protocol mode.
Select UART
Press DIGITAL, Type and Uart in sequence to use UART function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to
select). After UART function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output protocol signal with the current
setting.
Figure 4- 148 Select UART function
Select Baud rate
The Baud rate of UART can be 110, 300, 1200, 4800, 9600, 19200, 38400, 56700, 115200, 230400, 460800, 921600 and
Clock speed. After UART is selected, the default Baud rate is 9600. To set Baud rate, please use the multi-functional
control and direction keys after selecting protocol or press the soft function key Baud Rate to select the required setting.
122
Figure 4- 149 Select Baud rate
Set Bit
Different bit number can be set as required. In UART mode, there are five different modes, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8. The default is 4.
To set Baud rate, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys after selecting protocol or press the soft
function key Bit Type to select the required setting.
Figure 4- 150 Set bit
Set data sent
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can set protocol data coding to be sent. After you use UART function, the data
is empty by default. You can set with the multi-functional control on the interface for using protocol function or by pressing
Data. The data can be sent with multiple numerical systems, including decimal system, hexadecimal system and
character, which is shown in the figure below.
123
Figure 4- 151 Set data sent
Multibyte sending can be set. The number of bytes is 8. The numeric string should be divided into digital sections not more
than 255 when setting value sent. Segments are separated by a Space. Press Clear to clear input errors and press A/a to
switch between upper and lower case. Press Ok after setting is finished. See the figure below.
Figure 4- 152 Set data sent
124
Set sending mode
Automatic and manual sending can be set. In automatic sending mode, the instrument sends the set protocol coding at
preset times and in manual mode, the instrument sends the set protocol signal when users press the send key.
1)
Automatic sending mode
Press soft function key SendMode to adjust to “AUTO” to set automatic sending mode of the instrument. You can set the
send time. Press soft function key Send Time to set the send time using the numeric keys.
Figure 4- 153 Set automatic sending
2)
Manual sending mode
Press soft function key SendMode to adjust to “Manual” to set to manual sending mode of the instrument. Press soft
function key Send, the instrument will output the set waveform.
Figure 4- 154 Set manual sending
125
Set stop bit
Different stop bit width can be set in UART protocol. Press the soft function key Stop Bit to set optional stop bit width,
which can be 1 or 2 and is 1 set by default.
Figure 4- 155 Set stop bit
Set check bit
Check mode can be set in UART protocol. Press the soft function key Parity to set different check mode, which can be no,
odd and even and is set as “no” by default.
Figure 4- 156 Set check bit
126
Comprehensive example
First set the instrument to run in UART mode, and then set Baud rate of the instrument to be 4800, data to be decimal 5,
20, 13 or 14, check to be odd, stop bit to be 1 and sending interval to be 2ms. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use UART function
Press DIGITAL, Type and Uart in sequence (press soft key “Type” to select ) to use UART function.
Figure 4- 157 Select UART function
2)
Set Baud rate to be 4800
Press soft function key Baud Rate to set the Baud rate in UART mode. You can set with the multi-functional control and
direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again, when the interface below will display. Select
accordingly.
Figure 4- 158 Select Baud rate
127
3)
Set bit
To set the Baud rate, please use the multi-functional control and direction keys after selecting the protocol or press soft
function key Bit Type to select the required setting. The bit number shown is 8 in this example.
Figure 4- 159 Select bit
4)
Set data sent
Press the soft function key Data for data setting in UART mode. You can set with the multi-functional control and direction
keys. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again, when the interface below will display. Select
accordingly.
Figure 4- 160 Set data sent
128
5)
Set send time
Press the soft function key Send Mode to set the sending mode to “AUTO” in UART mode. Press soft function key
Send Time to set the sending interval to be 2ms set using the numeric keys.
Figure 4- 161 Set send time
6)
Set stop bit
Press the soft function key Stop Bit to set the sending mode and set the stop bit to be 1 in UART mode.
Figure 4- 162 Set stop bit
129
7)
Set check bit
Press the soft function key Parity to set the check bit to be “Odd” in UART mode.
Figure 4- 163 Set check bit
4.5.3 I2C Protocol
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can generate protocol signal for parameters and output through the digital
interface on the front panel in I2C protocol mode.
Select I2C
Press DIGITAL, Type and I2C in sequence to use UART function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to
select). After I2C function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output protocol signal with the current
setting.
Figure 4- 164 Select I2C function
130
Set Clock
The transmitter Clock of the I2C can be set. You can set with the multi-functional control and direction keys after selecting
a protocol or by pressing the soft function key Clock and using the numeric keys in the range of 10kHz~1MHz.
Figure 4- 165 Set clock
Set address information
Different address information can be set as required. 7-bit or 10-bit address can be selected in I2C mode. Press Page
Up/Down on the menu and press Addr Format on page 2 to switch between 7-bit address and 10-bit address. The default
is 7-bit address.
Figure 4- 166 Set address size
131
To set the address value, please press the soft function key Addr and use the numeric keys after selecting a protocol.
Figure 4- 167 Set address information
Set data sent
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can set protocol data coding to be sent. After you use I2C function, the data is
empty by default. You can set with the multi-functional control on the interface for using protocol function or by pressing
Data and using the numeric keys. The data can be sent with multiple numerical systems, including decimal system,
hexadecimal system and character, which is shown in the figure below.
Figure 4- 168 Set data sent
Multibyte sending can be set. The number of bytes is 8. The numeric string should be divided into digital sections not more
than 255 when setting value sent. Numbers in each segment are divided with Space. Press Clear to clear incorrect input
and press A/a to switch between upper and lower case. Press Ok after setting is finished.
132
Set sending mode
Automatic and manual sending can be set. When set to automatic sending, the instrument sends the set protocol coding
at a certain time.; In manual mode, the instrument sends the set protocol signal when users press the send key.
1)
Automatic sending mode
Press soft function key SendMode and adjust to “AUTO” to set automatic sending mode of the instrument. You can set the
send time. Press soft function key Send Time to set send time using the numeric keys.
Figure 4- 169 Set automatic sending
2)
Manual sending mode
Press the soft function key SendMode and adjust to “Manual” to set manual sending mode of the instrument. Press the
soft function key Send, the instrument will output the set waveform.
Figure 4- 169 Set manual sending
133
Comprehensive example
First setup the instrument run in I2C mode, and then set address of the instrument to be 10-bit, value to be 65, I2C clock
signal to be 500Hz, data to be decimal 17, 19, 23 29 or 31 and sending interval to be 5ms.
The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use I2C function
Press DIGITAL, Type and I2C in sequence (press soft key “Type” to select ) to use I2C function.
Figure 4- 170 Select UART function
2)
65 Set 10-bit address of 65
Press the soft function key Addr Format to set address bit width in I2C mode. Press this key to switch between 7-bit and
10-bit address. Set the address to be 10-bit.
Figure 4- 171 Set 10-bit address
134
Press the soft function key Addr to set the address. Set address information with numeric keyboard after pressing this key
to set address value to be 65.
Figure 4- 172 Set address value
3)
Set Clock
Press the soft function key Clock for data setting in I2C mode. You can set with multi-functional control and direction key.
You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again and set corresponding data to be 500 with numeric keys.
Figure 4- 173 Set clock
135
4)
Set data sent
Press the soft function key Data for data setting in I2C mode. You can set with the multi-functional control and direction
keys. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again and set corresponding data with numeric keys.
Figure 4- 174 Set data sent
5)
Set send time
Press the soft function key Send Mode to set sending mode to be “AUTO” in I2C mode. Press the soft function key
Send Time to set sending interval to be 5ms with numeric key.
Figure 4- 175 Set send time
136
4.5.4 SPI Protocol
The function/arbitrary waveform generator can generate SPI protocol signal for parameters and output through the digital
interface on the front panel in SPI protocol mode.
Select SPI
Press DIGITAL, Type and SPI successively to use SPI function (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft key Type to select).
After SPI function is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output protocol signal with the current SPI mode.
Figure 4- 176 Select SPI function
Set SPI Clock
The sending clock of the SPI can be set as required by users. Press the function key Clock in SPI mode to set sending
clock with the numeric keys in the range of 10kHz~40MHz.
Figure 4- 177 Set clock
137
Set data sent
Different bit number can be set as required. Set with the multi-functional control and direction keys after selecting protocol
or by pressing soft function key Data and using the numeric keys. The data can be sent with multiple numerical systems,
including decimal system, hexadecimal system and character, which is shown in the figure below.
Figure 4- 178 Set data sent
Multibyte sending can be set. The number of bytes is 8. The numeric string should be divided into digital sections not more
than 255 when setting value sent. Segments are separated with Space. Press Clear to clear errors and press A/a to
switch between upper and lower case. Press Ok after setting is finished. See the figure below.
Figure 4- 179 Set data sent
138
Set sending mode
Automatic and manual sending can be set. In automatic sending mode the instrument sends the set protocol coding in
certain time.In manual mode, the instrument sends the set protocol signal when users press the send key.
1)
Automatic sending mode
Press the soft function key SendMode to adjust to “AUTO” to set automatic sending mode of the instrument. You can set
the send time. Press the soft function key Send Time to set the send time using the numeric keys.
Figure 4- 180 Set automatic sending
2)
Manual sending mode
Press the soft function key SendMode to adjust to “Manual” to set manual sending mode of the instrument. Press the soft
function key Send, the instrument will output the set waveform.
Figure 4- 181 Set manual sending
139
Comprehensive example
First setup the instrument run in SPI mode, and then set output data of the instrument to be decimal 13, 21, 34, 55 or 89,
clock to be 15kHz and sending interval to be 5ms. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use SPI function
Press DIGITAL, Type and SPI in sequence (press soft key “Type” to select ) to use SPI function.
Figure 4- 182 Select SPI function
2)
Set Clock
Press the soft function key Clock for data setting in SPI mode. You can set with the multi-functional control and direction
keys. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again and set corresponding data to be 15kHz with numeric
key.
Figure 4- 183 Set clock
140
3)
Set data sent
Press the soft function key Data for data setting in SPI mode. You can set with the multi-functional control and direction
key. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again to set corresponding data with numeric key.
Figure 4- 184 Set data sent
4)
Set send time
Press soft function key Send Mode to set sending mode to be “AUTO” in SPI mode. Press the soft function key
Send Time to set the sending interval to be 5ms. You can set with numeric keys.
Figure 4- 185 Set send time
141
4.6 Function of Digital Arbitrary Wave
The function /arbitrary waveform generator can generate any digital signal and corresponding clock signal for parameters
and output through digital interface of front panel in mode of digital arbitrary wave
Select digital arbitrary wave
Press DIGITAL, Type and DArb in sequence to use function of digital arbitrary wave (if “Type” is not highlighted, press soft
key Type to select). After function of digital arbitrary wave is used, the function/arbitrary waveform generator will output
signal of digital arbitrary wave with the current setting.
Figure 4- 186 Select function of digital arbitrary wave
Set Clock
The sending clock of digital arbitrary wave can be set as required by users. Press function key Clock in mode of digital
arbitrary wave and set the sending clock using numeric keys in the range of 1kHz~40MHz.
Figure 4- 187 Set clock
142
Set data sent
Different bit number can be set as required. Set with the multi-functional control and direction keys after selecting protocol
or by pressing the soft function key Data and using the numeric keys. The data can be sent with multiple numerical
systems, including decimal system, hexadecimal system and character, which is shown in the figure below.
Figure 4- 188 Set data sent
Multibyte sending can be set. The number of bytes is 8. The numeric string should be divided into digital sections not more
than 255 when setting value sent. Segments are separated by Space. Press Clear to erase incorrect input and press
A/a to switch between upper and lower case. Press Ok after setting is finished. See the figure below.
Figure 4- 189 Set data sent
143
Set sending mode
Automatic and manual sending can be set. In the automatic sending mode, the instrument sends the set protocol coding
in certain time. In manual mode, the instrument sends the set protocol signal when users press the send key.
1)
Automatic sending mode
Press the soft function key SendMode to adjust to “AUTO” to set automatic sending mode of the instrument.
Figure 4- 190 Set automatic sending
2)
Manual sending mode
Press the soft function key SendMode and set to “Manual” to set manual sending mode of the instrument. Press the soft
function key Send, the instrument will output the set waveform.
Figure 4- 191 Set manual sending
144
Comprehensive example
First make the instrument run in mode of digital arbitrary wave, and then set output data of the instrument to be decimal 27,
131, 9 or 31. The specific steps are as follows:
1)
Use function of digital arbitrary wave
Press DIGITAL, Type and DArb in sequence (press the soft key “Type” to select ) to use function of digital arbitrary wave.
Figure 4- 192 Select function of digital arbitrary wave
2)
Set Clock
Press the soft function key Clock for data setting in mode of digital arbitrary wave. You can set with the multi-functional
control and direction key. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again and set the corresponding data to
be 200kHZ with the numeric keys.
Figure 4- 193 Set clock
145
3)
Set data sent
Press the soft function key Data for data setting in mode of digital arbitrary wave. You can set with the multi-functional
control and direction keys. You can also press the corresponding soft function keys again and set corresponding data with
numeric keys.
Figure 4- 194 Set data sent
4)
Set sending mode
Press the soft function key Send Mode in DArb mode to set sending mode to be “AUTO”.
Figure 4- 195 Set sending mode
146
Chapter 5 Fault Handling
Possible faults in the use of the function/arbitrary waveform generator and troubleshooting methods are listed below. If
these faults occur, please follow the corresponding steps. If they cannot be corrected, please contact the supplier, and
provide the information about your machine (method: press Utility and System in sequence).
5.1 No Display on Screen (Blank Screen)
If the signal generator still does not display after pressing power switch on front panel
1) Check that the mains lead is connected and mains power is turned on.
2) Check the fuse in the mains plug.
3) Check whether the power switch on back panel is in the ON position.
4) Check that the power switch on front panel is in the ON position.
5) If the product still cannot be used normally, please contact the supplier you purchased it from.
5.2 No Waveform Output
Setting is correct but no waveform is output
1) Check whether the BNC cable and channel output terminal are connected correctly.
2) Check that either CH1 or CH2 is turned on.
3) If the product still cannot be used normally, please contact the supplier you purchased it from.
5.3 Fails to Correctly Recognize U Disk
1) Check whether U disk works normally.
2) Check that only Flash U disk is used. The instrument does not support hard disk.
3) The U disk must be formatted Fat 16 or Fat 32.
4) Restart the instrument, and insert U disk again to see whether it works normally.
5) If the U disk still cannot be used normally, please contact the supplier you purchased it from.
147
Chapter 6 Service and Support
6.1 Program Upgrade of Product
Users may upgrade the current firmware available from the support department or website of UNI-T to ensure that the
latest revision released by UNI-T is used.
148
Appendix A: Factory Reset State
Parameter
Factory default
Channel parameter
Current carrier wave
Sine wave
50Ω
Output load
Sync output
Channel 1
Channel output
Off
Channel output opposition
Off
Amplitude limit
Off
Upper amplitude limit
+5V
Lower amplitude limit
-5V
Fundamental wave
Frequency
1kHz
Amplitude
100mVpp
DC offset
0mV
Initial phase
0°
Duty ratio of square wave
50%
Degree of symmetry of sawtooth wave
100%
Duty ratio of pulse wave
50%
Rising edge of pulse wave
1µs
Falling edge of pulse wave
1µs
Arbitrary wave
Built-in arbitrary wave
Sinc
Play mode
No
AM modulation
Modulation source
Internal
Modulation wave
Sine wave
Modulation frequency
100Hz
Modulation depth
100%
149
FM modulation
Modulation source
Internal
Modulation wave
Sine wave
Modulation frequency
100Hz
Frequency deviation
1kHz
PM modulation
Modulation source
Internal
Modulation wave
Sine wave
Modulation frequency
100Hz
Phase deviation
180°
PWM modulation
Modulation source
Internal
Modulation wave
Pulse wave
Modulation frequency
100Hz
Deviation of duty ratio
20%
ASK modulation
Modulation source
Internal
ASK rate
100Hz
FSK modulation
Modulation source
Internal
FSK rate
100Hz
Hopping frequency
10kHz
PSK modulation
Modulation source
Internal
PSK rate
100Hz
PSK phase
180°
150
BPSK modulation
Carrier wave
Sine
Modulation source
Internal
Phase
0°
Phase 1
90°
Coding mode
PN15
BPSK rate
10kHz
QPSK modulation
Carrier wave
Sine
Modulation source
Internal
Coding mode
PN15
QPSK rate
10kHz
Phase
0°
Phase 1
90°
Phase 2
180°
OSK modulation
Modulation source
Internal
Oscillation time
1ms
OSK rate
500Hz
QAM modulation
Constellation
4QAM
Coding mode
PN15
QAM rate
500Hz
SUM modulation
Modulation source
Internal
Modulation wave
Sine
Modulation frequency
500Hz
Modulation depth
100%
151
Frequency sweep
Type of frequency sweep
Linear
Initial frequency
1kHz
Stop frequency
2kHz
Frequency sweep time
1s
Trigger source
Internal
Trigger output
Off
Trigger edge
Rising edge
Pulse train
Mode of pulse train
N cycle
Initial phase
0°
Burst period (period of pulse train)
10ms
Recurring number
1
Gated polarity
Positive polarity
Trigger source
Internal
Trigger output
Off
Trigger edge
Rising edge
UART protocol
Baud rate
9600bps
Data bit width
4bits
Data
None
Sending mode
Automatic
Interval of send time
1ms
Stop bit
1bit
Check bit
None
152
I2C protocol
Clock
100Hz
Address
0
Data
None
Sending mode
Automatic
Send time
1ms
Address bit width
7bits
SPI protocol
Clock
1MHz
Data
None
Sending mode
Automatic
Send time
1ms
DARB
Clock
1KHz
Data
None
Sending mode
Automatic
System parameter
IP type
DHCP
Clock source
Internal
Clock output
Off
Sound of buzzer
On
Separator of numbers
，
Backlight
100%
Language *
Depends on factory setting
153
Appendix B: Performance Index
Model
72-14120
72-14122
72-14126
Basic characteristic
Number of channels
Channels A/B with equivalent performance
Waveform characteristic
7 types of standard waveform, not less than 160 types of built-in arbitrary waveform
Sine( sine wave), Square( square wave), Ramp(ramp wave), Harmonic(harmonic),
Output waveform
Pulse( pulse wave), Noise( noise), DC(DC), Arb( arbitrary wave), multiple modulation AM,
FM, ASK, FSK, PSK
LCD
8" TFT LCD, WVGA(800×480)
Frequency characteristic
Sine wave
1μHz ~ 80MHz
1μHz ~ 120MHz
1μHz ~ 160MHz
Square wave
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Pulse
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 40MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
Sawtooth wave
1μHz ~ 2MHz
1μHz ~ 3MHz
1μHz ~ 4MHz
16-order harmonic
1μHz ~ 30MHz
1μHz ~ 50MHz
1μHz ~ 80MHz
80MHz bandwidth（-3dB）
120MHz bandwidth（-3dB）
160MHz bandwidth（-3dB）
（typical value）
（typical value）
（typical value）
< 6ns
< 5ns
White noise
Resolution
1 μHz
Within 90 days ±50 ppm
Accuracy
Within 1 year±100 ppm
18°C～28°C
Temperature coefficient
< 2 ppm/°C
Sine spectrum purity
Typical value (0dBm)
Harmonic distortion
Total harmonic distortion
Spurious signal
（anharmonic）
Phase noise (10kHz
deviation）
DC ~ 1MHz
-60dBc
1MHz ~ 10MHz
-55dBc
10MHz ~ 100MHz
-50dBc
100MHz ~ 160MHz
-40dBc
10kΩ，DC coupling
Response time
Frequency sweep：< 500μs，typical value
Pulse train：< 500ns，typical value
Trigger output
Level
TTL compatible，access >1kΩW
Pulse width
> 400ns，typical value
Output impedance
50Ω，typical value
Maximum frequency
1 MHz
Sync output
Level
TTL compatible
Output impedance
50Ω，typical value
Frequency meter
Input level
Range of input
frequency
TTL compatible (200mVpp ~ 9Vpp)
100mHz～800MHz
Trigger level
0~±2.5Vdc
Accuracy
±51ppm
Frequency resolution
7 bits/s
158
High frequency
suppression
Adjustable trigger
sensitivity
Coupled mode
High frequency noise suppression is turned on or off
0% ~ 100.0%
DC, AC
Interface
Standard configuration
USB Host(maximum 32G), USB Device, LAN,
10MHz clock source input, 10MHz clock source output
Power source
Supply voltage
100~240VACrms，45~440Hz，CAT II 300V
Power consumption
Less than 50W
Fuse
2A，level T，250V
Environment
Temperature range
Cooling method
Humidity range
Altitude
Operating：+10℃ ～
+40℃
Non-operating：-20℃ ～ +60℃
Forced fan cooling
Below +35℃：≤90％ relative humidity
+35℃ ～ +40℃：≤60％relative humidity
Operating below 3,000m
Non-operating below 15,000m
Mechanical specification
Dimensions
Weight
Width
336 mm
Height
174 mm
Depth
112 mm
Excluding package
3.5 Kg
IP protection
Protection level
IP2X
159
Appendix C： List of Accessories
AWG series (dual channel)
Model
Mains power lead for country supplied
USB data line
Two BNC cables (1m)
Standard configuration
CD for users
LAN port
Digital interface, digital cable
Optional components
160
Appendix D: Maintenance and Cleaning
Cleaning
•
Clean the meter with a clean, soft cloth.
•
Do not use any chemicals, abrasives or solvents that could damage the meter.
•
Take great care when cleaning the screen to avoid scratches and use only a damp cloth to remove dirt.
Warning: please confirm that the instrument is completely dry before powering on to prevent electrical short circuit and
even personal injury due to moisture.
INFORMATION ON WASTE DISPOSAL FOR CONSUMERS OF ELECTRICAL &
ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT.
When this product has reached the end of its life it must be treated as Waste Electrical &
Electronics Equipment (WEEE).
Any WEEE marked products must not be mixed with general
household waste, but kept separate for the treatment, recovery and recycling of the materials
used.
Contact your local authority for details of recycling schemes in your area.
Made in China
http://uk.farnell.com
Man Rev 1.0
161
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