BXRE-27S2001-C-73

® Bridgelux Gen 7 V13 Thrive™ Array Product Data Sheet DS321 1 | | | | | | BXRE-27S 30S 35S 40S 50S 57S 65S V13 Thrive Introduction Bridgelux Thrive™ combines unique chip, phosphor and packaging technology to closely match the spectra of natural light over the visible wavelength range. Thrive can be used in constant color point luminaires to bring full spectrum natural light indoors or in tunable white luminaires to incorporate circadian elements that may impact human well-being. The high fidelity spectral output of Thrive creates stunning environments with excellent color rendering and outstanding TM30 metrics. Thrive is available in both SMD components and LED arrays to enable a broad range of lighting applications including retail, hospitality, office, education, architectural, museums, healthcare and residential lighting. Features Benefits • Engineered spectrum to closely match natural light • Full consistent spectrum with fewer spectral spikes • CRI >95, R1-R15 >90, high Rf and Rg values • Natural and vivid color rendering • High efficacy full spectrum solution • Greater energy savings, lower utility costs • No violet chip augmentation • Economical, high efficiency solution • Hot color targeted • Uniform and consistent white light at application conditions • Form factor consistent with existing Bridgelux COB arrays • Broad product platform availability (SMDs and COBs) • Ease of design and rapid go-to-market • Enables greater design flexibility and platform color consistency Contents Product Feature Map 2 Product Nomenclature 2 Product Selection Guide 3 Spectrum Characteristics 5 Electrical Characteristics 8 Absolute Maximum Ratings 9 Eye Safety 10 Product Bin Definitions 11 Performance Curves 12 Typical Radiation Pattern 13 Mechanical Dimensions 14 Packaging and Labeling 15 Design Resources 17 Precautions 17 Disclaimers 17 About Bridgelux 18 1 Product Feature Map Bridgelux arrays are fully engineered devices that provide consistent thermal and optical performance on an engineered mechanical platform. The V Series arrays are the most compact chip-on-board devices across all of Bridgelux’s LED Array products. The arrays incorporate several features to simplify design integration and assembly. Please visit www.bridgelux.com for more information on the V Series family of products. Polarity symbols White ring around LES Fully engineered substrate for consistent thermal, mechanical and optical properties Case Temperature (Tc) Measurement Point Solder Pads Note: Part number and lot codes are scribed on back of array Product Nomenclature The part number designation for Bridgelux COB arrays is explained as follows: 1 2 3 4 – 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 – 12 – 13 14 BXRE – 30 S 2001 – C – 7 3 CCT Bin Options Product Family Nominal CCT 27 = 2,700K 30 = 3,000K 35 = 3,500K 40 = 4,000K 50 = 5,000K 57 = 5,700K 65 = 6,500K Gen 7 Array Configuration 2 = 2 SDCM 3 = 3 SDCM 4 = 4 SDCM Flux Indicator 2001 = 2000 lm Minimum CRI S = Thrive 2 Product Selection Guide The following product configurations are available: Table 1: Selection Guide, Pulsed Measurement Data (Tc= 25°C) Typical Pulsed Flux4,5,6,7 Tc = 25ºC (lm) Minimum Pulsed Flux6,7,8 Tc = 25ºC (lm) Typical Power (W) Typical Efficacy (lm/W) Typical Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) Typical Photon Efficiency (µmol/J) 34.4 2330 2050 21.7 108 40.66 2.06 34.4 2520 2218 21.7 116 43.05 2.16 2.15 CRI Nominal Drive Current3 (mA) Typical Vf (V) 2700 95 630 3000 95 630 Nominal CCT1 (K) BXRE-27S2001-C-73 BXRE-30S2001-C-73 Part Number1,6 2 BXRE-35S2001-C-73 3500 95 630 34.4 2612 2299 21.7 121 43.23 BXRE-40S2001-C-73 4000 95 630 34.4 2661 2342 21.7 123 43.31 2.14 BXRE-50S2001-C-74 5000 95 630 34.4 2774 2441 21.7 128 45.47 2.22 BXRE-57S2001-C-74 5700 95 630 34.4 2810 2473 21.7 130 46.20 2.24 BXRE-65S2001-C-74 6500 95 630 34.4 2782 2448 21.7 128 45.74 2.22 Table 2: Selection Guide, Stabilized DC Test Performance (Tc= 85°C)4,5,6 CRI Nominal Drive Current3 (mA) Typical Vf (V) Typical DC Flux4,5,6,7 Tc = 85ºC (lm) Minimum DC Flux6,7,8,9 Tc = 85ºC (lm) Typical Power (W) Typical Efficacy (lm/W) Typical Photosynthetic Photon Flux (PPF) Typical Photon Efficiency (µmol/J) 2700 95 630 33.7 2120 1866 21.2 100 36.99 1.91 BXRE-30S2001-C-73 3000 95 630 33.7 2293 2018 21.2 108 39.18 2.01 BXRE-35S2001-C-73 3500 95 630 33.7 2377 2092 21.2 112 39.34 2.00 BXRE-40S2001-C-73 4000 95 630 33.7 2421 2131 21.2 114 39.40 1.99 BXRE-50S2001-C-74 5000 95 630 33.7 2524 2221 21.2 119 41.67 2.08 BXRE-57S2001-C-74 5700 95 630 33.7 2557 2250 21.2 120 42.04 2.09 BXRE-65S2001-C-74 6500 95 630 33.7 2532 2228 21.2 119 41.63 2.06 Nominal CCT1 (K) BXRE-27S2001-C-73 Part Number 1,6 2 Notes for Table 1 & 2: 1. Product CCT is hot targeted at Tj= 85°C. Nominal CCT as defined by ANSI C78.377-2011. 2. All CRI values are measured at Tj = Tc = 25°C. CRI values are minimums. Bridgelux maintains a ± 3 tolerance on CRI values. 3. Drive current is referred to as nominal drive current. 4. Products tested under pulsed condition (10ms pulse width) at nominal test current where Tj (junction temperature) = Tc (case temperature) = 25°C. Typical stabilized DC performance values are provided as reference only and are not a guarantee of performance. 5. Typical performance values are provided as a reference only and are not a guarantee of performance. 6. Typical performance is estimated based on operation under DC (direct current) with LED array mounted onto a heat sink with thermal interface material and the case temperature maintained at 85°C. Based on Bridgelux test setup, values may vary depending on the thermal design of the luminaire and/or the exposed environment to which the product is subjected. 7. Bridgelux maintains a ±7% tolerance on flux measurements. 8. Minimum flux values at the nominal test current are guaranteed by 100% test. 9. Minimum flux values at elevated temperatures are provided for reference only and are not guaranteed by 100% production testing. Based on Bridgelux test setup, values may vary depending on the thermal design of the luminaire and/or the exposed environment to which the product is subjected. 3 Performance at Commonly Used Drive Currents V Series Thrive LED arrays are tested to the specifications shown using the nominal drive currents in Table 1. V Series Thrive LED Arrays may also be driven at other drive currents dependent on specific application design requirements. The performance at any drive current can be derived from the current vs. voltage characteristics shown in Figure 10 and the flux vs. current characteristics shown in Figure 11. The performance at commonly used drive currents is summarized in Table 3. Table 3: Product Performance at Commonly Used Drive Currents Part Number BXRE-27S2001-C-73 BXRE-30S2001-C-73 BXRE-35S2001-C-73 BXRE-40S2001-C-73 BXRE-50S2001-C-73 BXRE-57S2001-C-73 BXRE-65S2001-C-73 CRI 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 Drive Current1 (mA) Typical Vf Tc = 25ºC (V) Typical Power Tc = 25ºC (W) Typical Flux2 Tc = 25ºC (lm) Typical DC Flux3 Tc = 85ºC (lm) Typical Efficacy Tc = 25ºC (lm/W) 119 315 32.2 10.1 1202 1117 420 33.6 14.1 1600 1464 113 630 34.4 21.7 2330 2120 108 100 945 35.2 33.3 3329 3017 1260 35.7 45.0 4332 3815 96 315 32.2 10.1 1301 1208 128 420 33.6 14.1 1730 1583 123 630 34.4 21.7 2520 2293 116 945 35.2 33.3 3601 3263 108 1260 35.7 45.0 4685 4126 104 315 32.2 10.1 1348 1252 133 420 33.6 14.1 1793 1641 127 630 34.4 21.7 2612 2377 121 945 35.2 33.3 3732 3382 112 1260 35.7 45.0 4857 4276 108 315 32.2 10.1 1373 1275 135 420 33.6 14.1 1827 1672 129 630 34.4 21.7 2661 2421 123 945 35.2 33.3 3802 3446 114 1260 35.7 45.0 4947 4356 110 315 32.2 10.1 1432 1329 141 420 33.6 14.1 1905 1743 135 630 34.4 21.7 2774 2524 128 945 35.2 33.3 3964 3592 119 1260 35.7 45.0 5158 4542 115 315 32.2 10.1 1450 1347 143 420 33.6 14.1 1929 1765 137 630 34.4 21.7 2810 2557 130 945 35.2 33.3 4015 3639 121 1260 35.7 45.0 5224 4600 116 315 32.2 10.1 1436 1333 142 420 33.6 14.1 1910 1748 135 630 34.4 21.7 2782 2532 128 945 35.2 33.3 3975 3603 120 1260 35.7 45.0 5173 4555 115 Notes for Table 3: 1. Alternate drive currents are provided for reference only and are not a guarantee of performance. 2. Bridgelux maintains a ± 7% tolerance on flux measurements. 3. Typical stabilized DC performance values are provided as reference only and are not a guarantee of performance. 4 Spectrum Characteristics Table 4: Typical Color Rendering Index and TM-30 Values at, Tc=85°C Nominal CCT1 Rf Rg R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 2700K 95 103 97 99 94 94 97 98 97 98 99 97 91 98 98 95 98 3000K 95 104 98 99 93 94 97 98 96 96 97 96 92 95 98 95 97 3500K 95 98 98 98 97 98 98 98 98 97 93 97 97 95 98 97 98 4000K 97 100 99 99 97 99 99 99 99 98 94 97 99 96 99 98 98 5000K 97 100 98 99 98 98 98 98 99 98 95 98 98 98 98 98 97 5700K 94 98 98 98 97 95 98 97 96 95 92 97 96 96 98 98 97 6500K 95 98 98 98 97 96 98 98 96 96 93 97 96 97 98 98 97 Note for Table 4: 1. Bridgelux maintains a tolerance of ± 3 on Color Rendering Index R1-R15 measurements and TM-30 measurements. Figure 1: 2700K Thrive TM-30 Graphs Figure 2: 3000K Thrive TM-30 Graphs Figure 3: 3500K Thrive TM-30 Graphs 5 Spectrum Characteristics Figure 4: 4000K Thrive TM-30 Graphs Figure 5: 5000K Thrive TM-30 Graphs Figure 6: 5700K Thrive TM30 Graphs Figure 7: 6500K Thrive TM-30 Graphs 6 Spectrum Characteristics Figure 8: Typical Color Spectrum 100% 100% 2700K 5000K 5700K 6500K 80% Relative Radiant Power(%) Relative Radiant Power(%) 3000K 3500K 4000K 60% 40% 20% 0% 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Wavelength(nm) 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Wavelength(nm) Note for Figure 8: 1. Color spectra measured at nominal current for Tj = 85°C. Spectral Matching to Natural Light The lighting market is in the early stages of adoption of human-centric lighting (HCL). HCL encompasses the effects of lighting on the physical and emotional health and well-being of people. Throughout evolution, the human visual system has evolved under the natural light of sun and fire. These light sources have standardized industry spectral power definitions that describe the state of natural light. However, conventional metrics such as CCT, CRI, and TM-30 fail to adequately quantify the naturalness, or closeness of these light sources to the standardized natural spectra. Due to a lack of an industry standard metric to quantitatively measure the naturalness of a light source, Bridgelux has pioneered a new metric that takes the guesswork out of comparing LED light sources to natural light. Average Spectral Difference, or ASD, is calculated by measuring the absolute difference between two spectra at discrete wavelengths. These values are averaged across a wavelength range derived from the photopic response curve, or V(λ); a luminous efficiency function describing the average spectral sensitivity of human perception of brightness. The range of 425nm to 690nm was selected to remove the tails of the V(λ) gaussian distribution below 1% of the peak value at 555nm, covering 99.9% of the area under the photopic response curve. Natural light is defined following the approach of IES TM-30; black body curves for light sources of ≤4000K and the CIE standard illuminant D for light sources of ≥ 5000K. Natural light has an ASD of 0%; lower ASD values indicate a closer match to natural light. Thrive is engineered to provide the closest match to natural light available using proprietary chip, phosphor and packaging technology, resulting in an ASD between 8% to 10% for all CCTs. By comparison, standard 80, 90, and 98 CRI light sources have ASD values that are 100% to 300% larger than Thrive. To learn more about the ASD metric, please contact your Bridgelux sales representative. Bridgelux will publish a white paper to further educate the market about the benefits of the ASD metric in Q2 2020. 7 Electrical Characteristics Table 5: Electrical Characteristics Forward Voltage Pulsed, Tc = 25ºC (V) 1, 2, 3, 8 Part Number BXRE-xxx2001-C-7x Drive Current (mA) Maximum Typical Coefficient of Forward Voltage4 ∆Vf/∆Tc (mV/ºC) Typical Thermal Resistance Junction to Case5,6 Rj-c (ºC/W) Minimum Typical 630 32.2 34.4 37.4 -14.1 1260 33.4 35.7 38.8 -14.1 Driver Selection Voltages7 (V) Vf Min. Hot Tc = 105ºC (V) Vf Max. Cold Tc = -40ºC (V) 0.20 31.0 38.3 0.24 33.4 41.0 Notes for Table 5: 1. Parts are tested in pulsed conditions, Tc = 25°C. Pulse width is 10ms. 2. Voltage minimum and maximum are provided for reference only and are not a guarantee of performance. 3. Bridgelux maintains a tester tolerance of ± 0.10V on forward voltage measurements. 4. Typical coefficient of forward voltage tolerance is ± 0.1mV for nominal current. 5. Thermal resistance values are based from test data of a 3000K 80 CRI product. 6. Thermal resistance value was calculated using total electrical input power; optical power was not subtracted from input power. The thermal interface material used during testing is not included in the thermal resistance value. 7. Vf min hot and max cold values are provided as reference only and are not guaranteed by test. These values are provided to aid in driver design and selection over the operating range of the product. 8. This product has been designed and manufactured per IEC 62031:2014. This product has passed dielectric withstand voltage testing at 1160 V. The working voltage designated for the insulation is 80V d.c. The maximum allowable voltage across the array must be determined in the end product application. 8 Absolute Maximum Ratings Table 6: Maximum Ratings Parameter Maximum Rating LED Junction Temperature (Tj) 150°C Storage Temperature -40°C to +105°C Operating Case Temperature1 (Tc) 105°C Soldering Temperature2 300°C or lower for a maximum of 6 seconds Maximum Drive Current3 1260mA Maximum Peak Pulsed Drive Current4 1800mA Maximum Reverse Voltage5 -60V Notes for Table 6: 1. For IEC 62717 requirement, please consult your Bridgelux sales representative. 2. Refer to Bridgelux Application Note AN101: Handling and Assembly of Bridgelux V Series LED Arrays. 3. Arrays may be driven at higher currents however lumen maintenance may be reduced. 4. Bridgelux recommends a maximum duty cycle of 10% and pulse width of 20 ms when operating LED Arrays at maximum peak pulsed current specified. Maximum peak pulsed currents indicate values where LED Arrays can be driven without catastrophic failures. 5. Light emitting diodes are not designed to be driven in reverse voltage and will not produce light under this condition. Maximum rating provided for reference only. 9 Eye Safety Table 7: Eye Safety Risk Group (RG) Classifications Part Number BXRE-xxx200x-C-7x CCT1,5 Drive Current 5 (mA) 2700K/3000K 4000K2 630 RG1 RG1 RG1 RG1 945 RG1 RG1 RG2 RG2 1260 RG1 RG2 RG2 RG2 5000K3 6500K4 Notes for Table 7: 1. Eye safety classification for the use of Bridgelux V Series LED arrays is in accordance with specification IEC/TR 62778: Application of IEC 62471 for the assessment of blue light hazard to light sources and luminaires. 2. For products classified as RG2 at 4000K, Ethr= 1847.5 lx. 3. For products classified as RG2 at 5000K Ethr= 1315.8 lx. 4. For products classified as RG2 at 6500K, Ethr= 1124.5 lx. 5. Please contact your Bridgelux sales representative for Ethr values at specific drive currents and CCTs not listed. 10 Product Bin Definitions Table 8: 2-, 3- and 4-step MacAdam Ellipse Color Bin Definitions Center Point Degree 2-step 3-step 4-step CCT x y Φ(°) a b a b a b 2700K 0.4578 0.4101 53.700 0.00540 0.00280 0.0081 0.0042 N/A N/A 3000K 0.4338 0.403 53.217 0.00556 0.00272 0.0083 0.0041 N/A N/A 4000K 0.3818 0.3797 53.717 0.00626 0.00268 0.0094 0.0040 N/A N/A 5000K 0.3447 0.3553 59.617 N/A N/A 0.0082 0.0035 0.0110 0.0047 5700K 0.3287 0.3417 59.060 N/A N/A 0.0074 0.0032 0.0099 0.0042 6500K 0.3123 0.3282 58.567 N/A N/A 0.0066 0.0028 0.0090 0.0038 Notes for Table 8: 1. Color binning at Tc=85°C 2. Bridgelux maintains a tolerance of ± 0.007 on x and y color coordinates in the CIE 1931 color space. Figure 9: C.I.E. 1931 Chromaticity Diagram (Color targeted at Tc=85°C) 0.44 0.39 3 SDCM 4 SDCM 2 SDCM 0.38 2700K 3 SDCM 0.42 3000K 0.37 3500K 5000K 0.36 0.4 5700K 0.35 Y Y 4000K 0.38 6500K 0.34 0.33 0.36 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.31 0.39 0.42 0.45 X 0.48 0.3 0.3 0.31 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 X 11 Performance Curves Figure 10: V13C Drive Current vs. Voltage (Tc=25°C) Figure 11: V13C Typical Relative Flux vs. Current (Tc=25°C) 250% 1000 Relative Luminus Flux Forward Current (mA) 1200 800 600 400 200 0 32.0 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.0 37.0 38.0 0 39.0 200 Figure 12: Typical DC Flux vs. Case Temperature 400 600 800 1000 1200 Forward Current (mA) Forward Voltage (V) Figure 13: Typical ccx Shift vs. Case Temperature 105% 0.0030 Neutral White 0.0020 95% 90% ccx Shift Relative Luminus Flux Warm White 100% Warm White Neutral White 85% Cool White 0.0010 0.0000 -0.0010 Cool White 80% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Case Temperature (°C) 0 25 50 75 Case Temperature (°C) 100 Notes for Figures 12-14: Figure 14: Typical ccy Shift vs. Case Temperature 1. Bridgelux does not recommend driving high power LEDs at low currents. Doing so may produce unpredictable results. Pulse width modulation (PWM) is recommended for dimming effects. 0.000 2. Characteristics shown for warm white based on 3000K Thrive -0.001 ccy Shift -0.0020 3. Characteristics shown for neutral white based on 4000K Thrive 4. Characteristics shown for cool white based on 5700K Thrive -0.002 5. For other color SKUs, the shift in color will vary. Please contact your Bridgelux Sales Representative for more information. -0.003 Warm White -0.004 Neutral White Cool White -0.005 0 25 50 75 100 125 Case Temperature (°C) 12 Typical Radiation Pattern Figure 15: Typical Spatial Radiation Pattern Notes for Figure 15: 1. Typical viewing angle is 120⁰. 2. The viewing angle is defined as the off axis angle from the centerline where intensity is ½ of the peak value. Figure 16: Typical Polar Radiation Pattern 13 Mechanical Dimensions Figure 17: V13 LED Array Notes for Figure 17: 1. Drawings are not to scale. 2. Drawing dimensions are in millimeters. 3. Unless otherwise specified, tolerances are ±0.1mm. 4. Mounting locations (2X) are for M2.5 screws. 5. Screws with flat shoulders (pan, dome, button, round, truss, mushroom) provide optimal torque control. Do NOT use flat, countersink, or raised head screws. 6. The optical center of the LED Array is nominally defined by the mechanical center of the array to a tolerance of ± 0.2mm. 7. Bridgelux maintains a flatness of 0.10mm across the mounting surface of the array. 14 Packaging and Labeling Figure 18: V13 Packaging Notes for Figure 18: 1. Each tube holds 30 V13 COB arrays. 2. One tube is sealed in an anti-static bag. Four bags are placed in a shipping box. Depending on quantities ordered, a bigger shipping box, containing four boxes may be used to ship products. 3. Each bag and box is to be labeled as shown above. 4. Dimensions for each tube are 8.3 (W) x 15.4 (H) x 430 (L). Dimensions for the anti-static bag are 75 (W) x 615 (L) x 3.1 (T) mm. Dimensions for the shipping box are 58.7 x 13.3 x 7.9 cm 15 Packaging and Labeling Figure 19: Gen. 7 Product Labeling Bridgelux COB arrays have laser markings on the back side of the substrate to help with product identification. In addition to the product identification markings, Bridgelux COB arrays also contain markings for internal Bridgelux manufacturing use only. The image below shows which markings are for customer use and which ones are for Bridgelux internal use only. The Bridgelux internal manufacturing markings are subject to change without notice, however these will not impact the form, function or performance of the COB array. Customer Use- 2D Barcode Scannable barcode provides product part number and other Bridgelux internal production information. Customer Use- Product part number 30S2001C 73 2F Customer Use- Vf Bin Code included to enable greater luminaire design flexibility. Refer to AN92 for bin code definitions. 16 Design Resources Application Notes 3D CAD Models Bridgelux has developed a comprehensive set of application notes and design resources to assist customers in successfully designing with the V Series product family of LED array products. For all available application notes visit www.bridgelux.com. Three dimensional CAD models depicting the product outline of all Bridgelux V Series LED arrays are available in both IGS and STEP formats. Please contact your Bridgelux sales representative for assistance. Optical Source Models LM80 Optical source models and ray set files are available for all Bridgelux products. For a list of available formats, visit www.bridgelux.com. LM80 testing has been completed and the LM80 report is now available. Please contact your Bridgelux sales representative for LM-80 report. Precautions CAUTION: CHEMICAL EXPOSURE HAZARD Exposure to some chemicals commonly used in luminaire manufacturing and assembly can cause damage to the LED array. Please consult Bridgelux Application Note AN101 for additional information. CAUTION: RISK OF BURN Do not touch the V Series LED array during operation. Allow the array to cool for a sufficient period of time before handling. The V Series LED array may reach elevated temperatures such that could burn skin when touched. CAUTION CONTACT WITH LIGHT EMITTING SURFACE (LES) Avoid any contact with the LES. Do not touch the LES of the LED array or apply stress to the LES (yellow phosphor resin area). Contact may cause damage to the LED array. Optics and reflectors must not be mounted in contact with the LES (yellow phosphor resin area). Disclaimers MINOR PRODUCT CHANGE POLICY STANDARD TEST CONDITIONS The rigorous qualification testing on products offered by Bridgelux provides performance assurance. Slight cosmetic changes that do not affect form, fit, or function may occur as Bridgelux continues product optimization. Unless otherwise stated, array testing is performed at the nominal drive current. 17 About Bridgelux: Bridging Light and Life™ At Bridgelux, we help companies, industries and people experience the power and possibility of light. Since 2002, we’ve designed LED solutions that are high performing, energy efficient, cost effective and easy to integrate. Our focus is on light’s impact on human behavior, delivering products that create better environments, experiences and returns—both experiential and financial. And our patented technology drives new platforms for commercial and industrial luminaires. For more information about the company, please visit bridgelux.com twitter.com/Bridgelux facebook.com/Bridgelux linkedin.com/company/bridgelux-inc-_2 youtube.com/user/Bridgelux WeChat ID: BridgeluxInChina 46430 Fremont Boulevard Fremont, CA 94538 USA Tel (925) 583-8400 www.bridgelux.com © 2019 Bridgelux, Inc. Product specifications are subject to change without notice. Bridgelux and the Bridgelux stylized logo design are registered trademarks of Bridgelux, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Bridgelux Gen 7 V13 Thrive Array Product Data Sheet DS321 Rev. A (12/2019) 18