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ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS CONTENTS Series Table 01 Group Chart 03 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Show Various Failure Modes in Different Applications 06 Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Flow Chart 07 Application Guidelines 08 Soldering Recommendation 12 Part Numbering System 14 Lead Forming 16 Product Specifications 19 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS CAPACITOR SERIES TABLE, CONTENTS CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ALUMINUM SOLID CAPACITORS Features Category & Series Multilayer Type Radial Type Solid SMD Type Endurance (hours) A1 Low ESR 105°C 2,000 A2 Low ESR PZ Standard PD Small size PV High voltage PH PT Rated Voltage Range (Vdc) Operating Temperature Range(°C) Capacitance Range(μF) Page 2~25 -55~+105 2.2~470 19 105°C 2,000 2~16 -55~+105 6.8~470 22 105°C 2,000 6.3~125 -55~+105 4.7~5,600 24 105°C 2,000 6.3~35 -55~+105 33~4,700 29 125°C 2,000 35~125 -55~+125 4.7~1,000 33 Huge capacitance, jumbo size 105°C 2,000 6.3~25 -55~+105 10~2,200 35 Long life, high temperature 125°C 2,000 6.3~25 -55~+125 22~5,600 39 PK Resistance to high temperature 135°C 3,000 6.3~25 -55~+135 100~1,500 43 PF Long life 105°C 3,000~5,000 6.3~125 -55~+105 4.7~5,600 45 PU Low ESR 105°C 2,000 6.3~25 -55~+105 39~5,600 50 PR(new) Low ESR, long life, ripple current resistant 105°C 5,000 2.5~35 -55~+105 47~1,500 54 PL(new) Super long life 105°C 10,000~23,000 2.5~35 -55~+105 100~1,800 56 PX(new) high temperature resistant 145°C 2,000 6.3~25 -55~+145 100~1,500 58 RZ(new) Low ESR, ripple current resistant 105°C 2,000 2.5~35 -55~+105 47~1,500 60 RT(new) Resistance to high temperature 125°C 2,000 2.5~35 -55~+125 47~1,500 62 VZ Standard 105 °C 2,000 2.5~100 -55~+105 22~2 , 200 64 VS Low ESR 105 °C 2,000 2.5~25 -55~+105 27~2 , 200 67 VD High voltage 105 °C 2,000 35~63 -55~+105 22~470 69 VT Resistance to high temperature 125 °C 2,000 2.5~63 -55~+125 22~2 , 200 71 VF Long life 105 °C 3,000~5,000 2.5~63 -55~+105 22~2 , 200 73 VL(new) Super long life 105 °C 10,000~23,000 2.5~16 -55~+105 100~560 75 CONDUCTIVE POLYMER HYBRID ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Features Category & Series Radial Type Hybrid Surface Mount Type Endurance (hours) Rated Voltage Range (Vdc) Operating Temperature Range(°C) Capacitance Range(μF) Page Low ESR, high ripple current resistant 125 °C 4,000 25~80 -55~+125 15~470 77 DC(new) Low ESR, high ripple current resistant 105 °C 10,000 25~80 -55~+105 15~470 79 SA(new) Low ESR, high ripple current resistant 125 °C 4,000 25~80 -55~+125 15~470 81 25~80 -55~+105 15~470 83 DA(new) SC(new) Low ESR, high ripple current resistant 105 °C 10,000 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Features Category & Series MK MF Surface SMD Mount Type Type MA Radial Type Long life 105 °C 6,000 105 °C 10,000 Operating Temperature Range(°C) 6.3~100 -55~+105 160~450 -40~+105 6.3~100 -55~+105 160~450 -40~+105 16~100 -55~+105 160~450 -40~+105 Capacitance Range(μF) Page 2.2~1 , 000 85 2.2~1 , 000 87 2.2~1 , 000 89 2.2~1 , 000 91 125 °C 1,000~5,000 10~100 -55~+125 Resistant to 130°C, long life 130°C 3000 160~450 -40~+130 MT(new) Low ESR 125°C 2,000 10~100 -55~+125 47~1, 100 93 MZ(new) Low ESR 105°C 2,000~5,000 6.3~100 -55~+105 4.7~1, 500 95 M5 85 °C 5mm Height, standard type 85 °C 1,000 6.3~50 -40~+85 0.1~330 97 H5 105°C 5mm Height 105 °C 1,000 6.3~50 -40~+105 0.1~100 99 M7 85°C 7mm Height, Standard type 85 °C 1,000 6.3~100 -40~+85 0.1~330 101 H7 105°C 7mm Height, Standard type 105 °C 1,000 6.3~50 -40~+105 0.1~100 103 L7 105°C 7mm Height, long life 105 °C 2,000 6.3~63 -40~+105 0.1~220 105 6.3~100 -40~+85 0.1~22,000 107 160~450 -25~+85 6.3~100 -40~+105 0.1~22,000 110 160~500 -25~+105 6.3~100 -40~+105 0.47~6,800 113 160~450 -40~+130 1~220 115 WK Standard Long life 105 °C 2,000~3,000 Rated Voltage Range (Vdc) Resistant to 125, long life MH Low Profile Standard Endurance (hours) WH HP CD11GC Standard series for general purpose Standard series for general purpose For rainbrush. Standard bi-polarized series Resistant to 130℃, long life 85°C 2,000 105°C 2,000 105 °C 1,000 130°C 4,000~5,000 105°C 15,000~20,000 01 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Features Category & Series CD11GES High reliability, long life. Especially designed for LED driver, electronic ballast, electronic energy saving lamp Radial Type For Input and Output Circuit CD11GK CD11GN CD11GZ(new) Extremely miniaturized,long life Resistant to 130°C, miniaturized and long life Long life, suited for outdoor lighting Rated Operating Capacitance Voltage Range Temperature Range(μF) Range(°C) (Vdc) 130°C 3,000 160~450 -40~+130 105°C 12,000 160~450 -40~+130 105°C 10,000 500 -40~+105 105°C 12,000~20,000 160~450 -40~+105 130°C 1,000~2,000 160~450 -40~+130 105°C 8,000~12,000 160~450 -40~+130 105°C 10000 500 -40~+105 105°C 12,000 250~500 -40~+105 105°C 10,000 140~450 -40~+105 105°C 8,000 500 -40~+105 Page 1~330 117 1~47 119 1~330 121 10~150 123 1~470 125 CD11GAS Miniaturized and long life CD11GD(upgrade) Miniaturized and long life 105°C 8,000 140~450 -40~+105 1~330 128 CD11GHS Miniaturized, long life and high cost performance 105°C 6,000 140~500 -40~+105 1~330 131 CD11GM Miniaturized and high cost performance 105°C 3,000 160~450 -40~+105 1~100 134 RR High frequency, low impedance, standard 105°C 2,000 6.3~120 -40~+105 0.47~6,800 136 RE Miniaturized, low impedance 105°C 2,000~4,000 6.3~120 -40~+105 10~4,700 139 RF High Ripple current, low impedance 105°C 3,000~6,000 6.3~120 -40~+105 6.8~6,800 141 RS High Ripple current, low impedance and long life 105°C 4,000~10,000 6.3~120 -40~+105 6.8~18,000 144 RN Miniaturized, large capacitance 105°C 5,000~10,000 25~120 -40~+105 2.7~1,500 148 RZ Miniaturized, long life and low impedance, high reliability 105°C 6,000~10,000 6.3~50 -40~+105 22~10,000 151 RJ Downsized, long life and low impedance 105°C 8,000~12,000 10~120 -40~+105 10~5,600 153 RH High frequency, low impedance 105°C 2,000~3,000 160~450 -40~+105 0.47~470 156 160~450 -40~+105 1~270 500~550 -25~+105 1~270 105°C 3,000~5,000 158 HS High ripple current HF Long life and high ripple current 105°C 5,000~10,000 160~450 -40~+105 1~330 161 HT(new) High temperature and ripple current 125°C 2,000 160~450 -40~+125 4.7~150 163 160~450 -40~+105 500 -25~+105 6.8~680 166 1~150 169 HL Long life, downsized and high ripple current RK(upgrade) Miniaturized, high voltage. Specially designed for charger 105°C 8,000~12,000 105°C 2,000 160~450 -40~+105 500~600 -25~+105 RG “GBL”system, high reliability 105°C 2,000~8,000 6.3~100 -55~+105 10~10,000 ML 105°C 5~9mm Height, long life 105°C 3,000~5,000 6.3~50 -40~+105 1~1,000 175 Miniaturized, long life 105°C 10,000 10~100 -40~+105 0.47~330 177 NB(upgrade) Resistant to 130°C, long life 130°C 2,000~5,000 10~120 -40~+130 1~4700 179 RD Low water content series 105°C 2,000~5,000 6.3~100 -40~+105 0.47~15,000 182 GH(upgrade) For intelligent instrument, high reliability -40~+105 1~18,000 185 High RM Reliability Special Purpose Resistant to 130°C, miniaturized, high ripple current and long life Endurance (hours) 105°C 5,000~8,000 6.3~100 105°C 10,000 160~450 172 LL Extremely low leakage current 105°C 2,000 6.3~100 -40~+105 0.47~2,200 189 BG Large capacitance, low impedance; For airbags 105°C 5,000 25~35 -55~+105 1000~11,000 191 BH(new) For automobile electronics 125°C 3,000 10~11,000 193 47~82,000 196 56~56,000 202 LK(upgrade) Standard series for general purpose 85°C 2,000 LH(upgrade) Withstand high temperature, general purpose 105°C 2,000 25 ~ 400 -40 ~ +125 10~100 -40~+85 160~500 -25~+85 10~100 -40~+105 160~550 -25~+105 LC Wide temperature range; miniaturized 105°C 2,000 400~500 -40~+105 56~680 208 LZ(new) Wide temperature range, extremely miniaturized 105°C 2,000 400~450 -40~+105 120~820 210 LS Downsized, long life 85°C 3,000 160~600 -25~+85 47~3,300 212 LM For OBC. Downsized, long life 105°C 3,000 160~600 -25~+105 47~3,300 216 LP High ripple current, long life 105°C 3,000 400~550 -40~+105 82~820 221 LQ Long life 85°C 5,000 160~450 -25~+85 68~2,200 223 LG Long life, high ripple current 85°C 12,000 350~450 -25~+85 470~2,700 227 Long life, downsized 105°C 5,000 160~550 -25~+105 47~2,700 229 LF Wide temperature range,Long life 105°C 5,000 450~500 -40~+105 100~820 234 LX Extremely long life 105°C 7,000 160~450 -25~+105 47~2,200 236 LB High reliability, long life 105°C 10,000 200~450 -25~+105 39~1,500 239 Standard NR Screw terminal, standard series 85°C 2,000 350~550 -25~+85 1000~15,000 241 NS Screw terminal, standard series 105°C 2,000 350~450 -25~+105 1000~15,000 244 NX High ripple current, downsized, long life 85°C 5,000 350~500 -25~+85 1000~12,000 246 NL Long life 85°C 12,000 350~450 -25~+85 1500~15,000 248 NE High ripple current, long life 85°C 20,000 350~450 -25~+85 1500~15,000 250 NT(new) Long life 105°C 3,000 350~450 -25~+105 1000~12,000 252 NF Long life 105°C 5,000 350~450 -25~+105 1000~15,000 254 NK High ripple current, long life 105°C 5,000 350~450 -25~+105 1000~15,000 256 General Purpose Snap-in & Lug Terminal Type High Reliability LT ScrewMount Terminal Long Life Type ※ Compliant to AEC-Q200. Please contact Hunan Aihua Group Co., Ltd. for more details. 02 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Group Chart CONDUCTIVE POLYMER ALUMINUM SOLID CAPACITORS MULTILAYER TYPE A1 A2 105°C 2,000h Low ESR 105°C 2,000h Low ESR RADIAL TYPE PR PX PT PK 105°C 5,000h Ripple current resistance life 145°C 2,000h High temperature resistance 125°C 2,000h High-temperature resistance 135°C 3,000h High-temperature resistance RZ PH PZ PD PU 105°C 2,000h Ripple current resistance life 105°C 2,000h High capacitance 105°C 2,000h Standard 105°C 2,000h Low ESR,Super-small Size 105°C 2,000h Ultra-low ESR RT PV PF PL 125°C 2,000h Ripple current resistance life 125°C 2,000h High-temperature resistance High voltage 105°C 3,000-5,000h Long life 105°C 10,000-23,000h Super long life SURFACE MOUNT TYPE VT 125°C 2,000h High-temperature resistance VS VZ 105°C 2,000h Standard 105°C 2,000h Low ESR VD 105°C 2,000h High voltage VF VL 105°C 3,000-5,000h Long life 105°C 10,000-23,000h Super long life CONDUCTIVE POLYMER HYBRID ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS RADIAL TYPE AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 DA DC 125°C 4,000h Low ESR,high ripple current resistant 105°C 10,000h Low ESR,high ripple current resistant SURFACE MOUNT TYPE AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 SA SC 125°C 4,000h Low ESR,high ripple current resistant 105°C 10,000h Low ESR,high ripple current resistant 03 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 HT 125°C 2,000h FOR LIGHTING APPLICATION CD11GM 105°C 3,000h High cost performance cost-saving CD11GD Long life CD11GN Long life miniaturized CD11GK 105°C 8,000h miniaturized 105°C 8,000~12,000h 130°C 1,000~2,000h ultra-miniaturized 105°C 12,000~20,000h ultra-miniaturized WH CD11GZ CD11GC 105°C 2,000h Standard 105°C 12,000h Long life, for outdoor lighting 130°C 4,000~5,000h 105°C 15,000~20,000h Long life CD11GHS CD11GAS 105°C 6,000h miniaturized, long life 105°C 10,000h Miniaturized, long life High ripple current CD11GES 105°C 12,000h 130°C 3,000h
Miniaturized 04 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS SMD TYPE SURFACE MOUNT TYPE AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 MK SURFACE MOUNT TYPE Automotive Application AEC-Q200 MF 105°C 2,000~3000h Standard 105°C 6,000h Long life AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 MA MZ MT 105°C 10,000h Long life 105°C 2,000h~3000h Low ESR AEC-Q200 125°C 2,000h Low ESR AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 MH 125°C/130°C 1,000h~5000h High-temperature resistance, miniaturized SNAP-IN & LUG TERMINAL TYPE 105°C Long Life Standard AEC-Q200 AEC-Q200 LK LH LM LT LX LB 85°C 2,000h 105°C 2,000h Withstand high temperature 105°C 3,000h Downsized, long life 105°C 5,000h long life 105°C 7,000h Extremely long life 105°C 10,000h High reliability, Extremely long life LS LC LP LF 85°C 3,000h Downsized,long life 105°C 2,000h Wide temperature range, Miniaturized 105°C 3,000h Long life, high ripple current 105°C 5,000h Wide temperature range, Long life LQ 85°C 5,000h Long life LZ 105°C 2,000h Extremely Miniaturized LG 85°C 12,000h Long life, high ripple current SCREW-MOUNT TERMINAL TYPE Special Series Standard NR NS NE NK 85°C 2,000h 105°C 2,000h 85°C 20,000h High ripple current, long life 105°C 5,000h High ripple current, long life Long Life NX NT 85°C 5,000h 105°C 3,000h NL NF 85°C 12,000h 105°C 5,000h 05 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Failure Modes Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Show Various Failure Modes in Different Applications Causes Failure mode Failure mechanism Short circuit Short circuit between electrodes Open circuit Breakdown of lead tab Production factor Application factor Electrode-cutting burrs metal particles Abnormal mechanical stress Mechanical stress Insufficient connection of lead tab Electrolyte leakage Deterioration of sealant material Insufficient sealing Improper sealing Use of halogenated solvent Corrosion Halogen infiltration Use of coating material Use of adhesive Shortage of electrolyte Electrolyte deterioration and reduction Usage for a long period of time Excessive ripple current Capacitance reduction tanδ increase Reduced anode foil capacitance Usage at a high temperature Reduced cathode foil capacitance Reverse voltage applied Vent operation Internal pressure increase Severe charging/discharging Leakage current increase Deterioration of oxide film Excessive voltage applied AC voltage applied 06 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Flow Chart Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Flow Chart City water Chemicals Al Foil Mixing Etching Pure water Chemicals AI foil(+)Forming Mixing Al Foil(-) Lead wire Slitting Slitting Tape Separator paper Slitting Stitching Chemicals Winding Mixing Sleeve Case End seal Impregnation Assembling Symbol Aging Operation Inspection Material Inspection Carton Appearance QC Auditing Packing Warehouse 07 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Application Guidelines for Conductive Polymer Aluminum Solid Electrolytic Capacitors 1. Polarity 7. Use of AishiCAP for human life equipments AishiCAP is a solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor with positive and negative electrodes. Do not reverse the polarity when using. If it is used with the polarities reversed, its life may be shortened because of increasing leakage current or short circuit. equipment, aeronautic equipment and atomic equipment,etc.) , be sure to consult with Hunan Aihua Group Co., Ltd. Don't use products without recognition document of Hunan Aihua Group Co., Ltd. 2. Prohibited circuits 8.Storage Since leakage current may be increased during soldering and other processes, AishiCAP cannot be used in the following circuits. 1) Store AishiCAP with the temperature range between 5 to 35°C(If between 35 to 85°C, it should be less than three months),and the relative humidity of 75% without direct sunshine and store AishiCAP in the package states if possible. 1) High impedance circuits; 2) Coupling circuits; 3) Time-limited constant circuits; 4) Connection of two or more capacitors in series for higher withstand voltage; 5) Circuits to get bad influence by large leakage current. * In addition to the leakage current fluctuation, the operational conditions such as characteristics at high and low temperature, damp heat and endurance stipulated in the specifications will affect the capacitance. The fluctuation of the capacitance may cause problem if it is used as a timelimited constant capacitor, which is extremely sensitive to the fluctuation of the capacitance. So do not use it as a time-limited constant capacitor. Additionally, please contact Hunan Aihua Group Co., Ltd. for usage of two or more AishiCAP in series for voltage proof. In case of using in equipments regarding human life (e.g. Space 2) It is recommended that you open the bag just before use and use up as early as possible. 3) Store the capacitors in places free from water, oil or salt water or in condensation status. 4) Never store AishiCAP in any area filled with poisonous gases (including hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, chlorine and ammonia). 5) Store the capacitors in places free from ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation. (Radial Lead Type) Before unseal: within 1 year after delivery After opening: within 1 month 3. Over voltage 9. Cleaning Over voltage cannot be applied even for an instant as it may cause a short circuit. Concerning about HCFC, soak with high concentration alcohol, petroleum and terpene, water or surface active agent and other solvents (separate or blended), wash under the maker's recommendation by ultrasonic wave, boiling and evaporation, etc. Please contact us if you require further details. 4. Sudden charge and discharge Sudden charge and discharge are prohibited (for maintenance of high reliability). A protection circuit is recommended when a sudden charge or discharge causes excessive rush current because this is a main cause of short circuits and leakage current increase and capacitance reduction. Use protection circuits if the rush current exceeds 10A. If the rush current exceeds 10 times the maximum allowable ripple current of AishiCAP, be sure to insert a protection resistor of about 1kΩ for charge and discharge when measuring the leakage current. 5. Considerations when soldering The soldering conditions are to be within the range prescribed in specifications. If the specifications are not followed, there is a possibility of the intensive increase of leakage current, and the capacitance reduction. Things to be noted before mounting: a) Do not reuse capacitors that have been assembled in a set and energized. Capacitors that have been removed for measuring electrical characteristics during a periodic inspection also cannot be reused. b) Leakage current may increase when capacitors are stored for one year. In this case, apply rated voltage for 2 hours at 105°C with load of 1 kΩ resistor. c) Reflow soldering Do not apply reflow soldering to radial lead type capacitors. d) Handling after soldering 10. Notes on circuit designs for AishiCAP 10.1 Performance Use AishiCAP within the rated performance ranges defined in this specification. 10.2 Operating temperature and ripple current If AishiCAP is used at a temperature higher than the upper category temperature(105°C), or excess ripple current flows through AishiCAP, there are high possibilities of service life reduction or leakage current increase to cause AishiCAP defective. 10.3 Leakage current The leakage current of AishiCAP may increase slightly by soldering conditions. The application of DC voltage enables the capacitors to be repaired by itself and this leads the leakage current to be smaller gradually. 10.4 Applied voltage For the reliability of AishiCAP, it is recommended that the voltage applied to AishiCAP should be less than 80% of the rated voltage. Peak value of the DC and AC voltage should not exceed its rated voltage. Do not tilt, bend or twist the AishiCAP; 10.5 Failure mode Do not move the PCB with catching AishiCAP itself. AishiCAP contains conductive polymer. The life ends mostly due to random failure mode, mainly short circuit. In case of short circuit, AishiCAP can be overheated by continuous current flow, and then Al case of AishiCAP would be separated by increased internal pressure. When stacking PCB, make sure that the AishiCAP does not touch other PCB or components. Do not dump the AishiCAP with other objects. 6. Application of AishiCAP in industrial equipments To ensure reliability, when using the AishiCAP in industrial equipments, appropriate design is required. 08 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Application Guidelines for Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors Designing Device Circuits 1. Select the capacitors to suit installation and operating conditions, and use the capacitors to meet the performance limits prescribed in this catalog or the product specifications. 9. Insulating • The outer can case of a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors. 2. Polarity • The dummy terminal of a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors, a) Electrically isolate the following parts of a capacitor from the negative terminal, the positive terminal and the circuit traces. Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors are polarized. Apply neither reverse voltage nor AC voltage to polarized capacitors. Using reversed polarity causes a short circuit or venting. Before use, refer to the catalog, product specifications or capacitor body to identify the polarity marking. (The shape of rubber seal does not represent the directional rule for polarity.) Use a bi-polar type of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor for a circuit where the polarity is occasionally reversed. However, note that even a bi-polar aluminum electrolytic capacitor must not be used for AC voltage applications. which is designed for mounting stability. b) The outer sleeve of a capacitor is not assured as an insulator (Except for screw type). For applications that require an insulated outer sleeve, a custom-designed capacitor is recommended. 10. Conditions Do not use/expose capacitors to the following conditions. a) Oil, water, salty water. Avoid storage in damp locations. 3. Operating voltage Do not apply a DC voltage which exceeds the full rated voltage. The peak voltage of a superimposed AC voltage (ripple voltage) on the DC voltage must not exceed the full rated voltage. A surge voltage value, which exceeds the full rated voltage, is prescribed in the catalogs, but it is a restricted condition, for especially short periods of time. b) Direct sunlight. c) Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, chlorine or its compounds, and ammonium. d) Ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation. e) Severe vibration or mechanical shock conditions beyond the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specification. 11. Mounting 4. Ripple current a) The electrolytic paper and the electrolytic-conductive elec trolyte in a The rated ripple current has been specified at a certain ripple frequency. The rated ripple current at several frequencies must be calculated by multiplying the rated ripple current at the original frequency using the frequency multipliers for each product series. non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor are flammable. Leaking electrolyte on a printed circuit board can gradually erode the copper traces, possibly causing smoke or burning by short-circuiting the copper traces. Verify the following points when designing a PC board. 5. Category temperature • Provide the appropriate hole spacing on the PC board to match the • Make the following open space over the vent so that the vent can The use of a capacitor outside the maximum rated category temperature will considerably shorten the life or cause the capacitor to vent. The relation between the lifetime of aluminum electrolytic capacitors and ambient temperature follows Arrhenius' rule that the lifetime is approximately halved with each 10°C rise in ambient temperature. terminal spacing of the capacitor. operate correctly. Case diameter Ø6.3 to Ø16mm Clearance 2mm minimum 6. Life expectancy Ø18 to Ø35mm 3mm minimum Select the capacitors to meet the service life of a device. Ø40mm or more 5mm minimum • capacitor. 7. Charge and discharge Do not use capacitors in circuits where heavy charge and discharge cycles are frequently repeated. Frequent and sharp heavy discharging cycles will result in decreasing capacitance and damage to the capacitors due to generated heat. Specified capacitors can be designed to enduring such a condition. Rapid charging/discharging may be repeated in a circuit where the ripple voltage at the two terminals of the aluminum electrolytic capacitor fluctuates greatly. If the variation range of voltage exceeds 70Vp-p, please consult us. Do not place any wires or copper traces over the vent of the • Installing a capacitor with the vent facing the PC board needs an appro priate ventilation hole in PC board. • Do not pass any copper traces beneath the seal side of a capacitor. The trace must pass 1 or 2mm to the side of the capacitor. • Avoid placing any heat-generating objects adjacent to a capacitor or even on the reverse side of the PC board. • Do not pass anything via holes or underneath a capacitor. • In designing double-sided PC boards, do not locate any copper trace under the seal side of a capacitor. 8. Failure modes of capacitors Non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors, in general, have a lifetime which ends in an open circuit, the period is dependent upon temperature. Consequently, lifetime of capacitors can be extended by reducing the ambient temperature and/or ripple current. b) Do not mount the terminal side of a screw mount capacitor downwards. If a screw terminal capacitor is mounted on its side, make sure the positive terminal is higher than the negative terminal. Do not fasten the screws of the terminals and the mounting clamps over 09 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS the specified torque prescribed in the catalog or the product specifications. c) For a surface mount capacitor, design the copper pads of the PC board in accordance with the catalog or the product specifications. 12. Others a) The electrical characteristics of capacitors vary in respect to temperature, frequency and service life. Design the device circuits by taking these changes into account. b) Capacitors mounted in parallel need the current to flow equally through the individual capacitors. c) Capacitors mounted in series require resistors in parallel with the individual capacitors to balance the voltage. d) Using capacitor for applications which always consider safety. Consult with our factory before use in applications which can affect human life.(space equipment, aerial equipment, nuclear equipment, medical equipment, vehicle control equipment, etc.) Please note that the product which is designed only for specific usage can not be used for other purposes.(ex.Photo flash type, etc.) ■ Installing Capacitors 1. Installing a) Used capacitors are not reusable, except in the case that the capacitors are detached from a device for periodic inspection to measure their electrical characteristics. b) If the capacitors have self-charged, discharge the capacitors through a resistor of approximately 1kΩ before use. c) If capacitors are stored at a temperature of 35°C or more and more than 75% RH, the leakage current may increase. In this case, they can be reformed by applying the rated voltage through a resistor of approximately 1kΩ. d) Verify the rated capacitance and voltage of the capacitors when installing. e) Verify the polarity of the capacitors. f ) Do not use the capacitors if they have been dropped on the floor. g) Do not deform the cases of capacitors. h) Verify that the lead spacing of the capacitor fits the hole spacing in the PC board before installing the capacitors. Some standard preformed leads are available. i) For pin terminals or snap-in terminals, insert the terminals into PC board and press the capacitor downward until the bottom of the capacitor body reaches PC board surface. j) Do not apply any mechanical force in excess of the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications of the capacitors. Also, note the capacitors may be damaged by mechanical shocks caused by the vacuum/insertion head, component checker or centering operation of an automatic mounting or insertion machine. 2. Soldering and Solderability a) When soldering with a soldering iron • Soldering conditions (temperature and time) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. • If the terminal spacing of a capacitor does not fit the terminal hole spacing of the PC board, reform the terminals in a manner to minimize a mechanical stress into the body of the capacitor. • Remove the capacitors from the PC board , after the solder is completely melted, reworking by using a soldering iron minimizes the mechanical stress to the capacitors. • Do not touch the capacitor body with the hot tip of the soldering iron. b) Flow soldering • Do not dip the body of a capacitor into the solder bath, only dip the terminals in. The soldering must be done on the reverse side of PC board. • Soldering conditions (preheat, solder temperature and dipping time) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. • Do not apply flux to any part of capacitors other than their terminals. • Make sure the capacitors do not come into contact with any other components while soldering. c) Reflow soldering • Soldering conditions (preheat, solder temperature and dipping time) should be within the limits prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. • When setting the temperature infrared heaters, consider that the infrared absorption causes material to be discolored and change in appearance. • Do not solder capacitors more than once using reflow. If needed, be sure to consult us first. • Make sure capacitors do not come into contact with copper traces. d) Do not re-use surface mount capacitors which have already been soldered. In addition, when installing a new capacitor onto the assembly board to rework, remove old residual flux from the surface of the PC board, and then use a soldering iron within the prescribed conditions. e) Confirm whether reflow soldering is applicable for the capacitors before operation. 3. Handling after soldering Do not apply any mechanical stress to the capacitor after soldering onto the PC board. a) Do not lean or twist the body of the capacitor after soldering the capacitors onto the PC board. b) Do not use the capacitors for lifting or carrying the assembly board. c) Do not hit or poke the capacitor after soldering to PC board. When stacking the assembly board, be careful that other components do not touch the aluminum electrolytic capacitors. d) Do not drop the assembly board. 4. Cleaning PC board a) Do not wash capacitors by using the following cleaning agents. • Halogenated solvents: cause capacitors to fail due to corrosion. • Alkali system solvents: corrode (dissolve) an aluminum case. • Petroleum and terpene system solvents: cause the rubber seal material to deteriorate. • Xylene: causes the rubber seal material to deteriorate. • Acetone: erases the marking. Solvent-proof capacitors are only suitable for washing within the cleaning conditions prescribed in the catalogs or the product specifications. In particular, ultrasonic cleaning will accelerate damaging capacitors. 10 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS b) Verify the following points when washing capacitors. • Monitor conductivity, pH, specific gravity, and the water content of cleaning agents. Contamination adversely affects these characteristics. • Be sure not to keep the capacitors in an atmosphere containing the cleaning agent or in an air tight container. In addition, please dry the solvent sufficiently on the PC board and the capacitor with an air knife (temperature should be less than the maximum rated category temperature of the capacitor) over 10 minutes. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors can be characteristically and catastrophically damaged by halogen ions, particularly by chlorine ions, though the degree of the damage mainly depends upon the characteristics of the electrolyte and rubber seal material. When halogen ions come into contact with the capacitors, the foil corrodes when voltage is applied. This corrosion causes extremely high leakage current, which in turn, causes venting and an open circuit. 5. Precautions for using adhesives and coating a) Do not use any adhesive and coating materials containing halogenated solvent. b) Verify the following before using adhesive and coating material. · Remove flux and dust leftover between the rubber seal and the PC board before applying adhesive or coating materials to the capacitor. · Dry and remove any residual cleaning agents before applying adhesive and coating materials to the capacitors. Do not cover over the whole surface of the rubber seal with the adhesive or coating materials. · For permissible heat conditions for curing adhesives or coating materials, follow the instructions in the catalogs or the product specifications of the capacitors. · Covering over the whole surface of the capacitor rubber seal with resin may result in a hazardous condition because the inside pressure cannot be released completely. Also, a large amount of halogen ions in resins will cause the capacitors to fail because the halogen ions penetrate into the rubber seal and the inside of the capacitor. c) Some of coating material cannot be cured over the capacitor. Please note that loose luster and whitening on the surface of the outer sleeve might be caused according to the kind of solvents used for mounting adhesives and coating agents. 6. Fumigation In many cases when exporting or importing electronic devices, such as capacitors, wooden packaging is used. In order to control insects, most often, it becomes necessary to fumigate the shipments. Precautions during “Fumigation” using halogenated chemical such as Methyl Bromide must be taken. Halogen gas can penetrate packaging materials used, such as, cardboard boxes and vinyl bags. Penetration of the halogenated gas can cause corrosion of electrolytic capacitors. ■ chlorine or its compounds, and ammonium. · Ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation. · Severe vibration or mechanical shock conditions beyond the limits prescribed in the catalogs or product specification. ■ ■ In Case of Venting a) If a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor expels gas when venting, it will discharge odors or smoke, or burn in the case of a short-circuit failure. Immediately turn off or unplug the main power supply of the device. b) When venting, a non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor blows out gas with a temperature of over 100°C. (A solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor discharges decomposition gas or burning gas while the outer resin case is burning.) Never expose the face close to a venting capacitor. If your eyes inadvertently become exposed to the spouting gas or you inhale it, immediately flush the open eyes with large amounts of water and gargle with water respectively. If electrolyte is on the skin, wash the electrolyte away from the skin with soap and plenty of water. Do not lick the electrolyte of non-solid aluminum electrolytic capacitors. ■ Storage We recommend the following conditions for storage. a) Do not store capacitors at a high temperature or in high humidity. Store the capacitors indoors at a temperature of 5 to 35°C and a relative humidity of 75% or below. b) Store the capacitors in places free from water, oil or salt water. c) Store the capacitors in places free from toxic gases (hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, chlorine, ammonium, etc.) d) Store the capacitors in places free from ozone, ultraviolet rays or radiation. e) Keep capacitors in the original package. ■ Disposal Please consult with a local industrial waste disposal specialist when disposing aluminum electrolytic capacitors. The Operation of Devices a) Do not touch a capacitor directly with bare hands. b) Do not short-circuit the terminal of a capacitor by letting it come into contact with any conductive object. Also, do not spill conductive liquid such as acid or alkaline solution over the capacitor. c) Do not use capacitors in circumstance where they would be subject to exposure to the following materials: · Oil, water, salty water or damp location. · Direct sunlight. · Toxic gases such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfurous acid, nitrous acid, Maintenance Inspection a) Make periodic inspections of capacitors that have been used in industrial applications. Before inspection, turn off the power supply and carefully discharge the electricity in the capacitors. Verify the polarity when measuring the capacitors with a volt-ohm meter. Also, do not apply any mechanical stress to the terminals of the capacitors. b) The following items should be checked during the periodic inspections. · Significant damage in appearance: venting and electrolyte leakage. · Electrical characteristics: leakage current, capacitance, tanδ and other characteristics prescribed in the catalog or product specifications. We recommend replacing the capacitors if the parts are out of specification. ■ Catalog Specifications in the catalog may be subject to change without notice. Please consult us first before use. Hunan Aihua Group reserves the right of final interpretation of all the content. 11 ALUMINUM ELECTROLYTIC CAPACITORS Soldering Recommendation Flow Soldering(Radial Lead Type) Soldering Preheating Cooling Temperature 260°C max. Note 2 Note 3 Note 1: (1~3°C)/sec. 130±20°C Note 2: Approx.200°C/sec. Note 1 Note 3: 5°C/sec.(max.) Tamb 30~90 sec.