PPA PRODUCTS
Datasheet & User Manual
Table of Contents
0.0 General Information������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 4
0.1 Copyright �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
0.2 Warranty����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
0.3 Safety Precautions���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
0.4 Introduction���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������4
1.0 Product Summary����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 5
1.1 Overview���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
1.2 Volume Pricing����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
1.3.1 Vibration Energy Harvesting..........................................................................................................................................................7
1.3.2 Actuation..............................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.3.3. Sensing.................................................................................................................................................................................................8
1.3.4. Vibration Dampening......................................................................................................................................................................9
2.0 Product Data����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10
2.1 Product: PPA-1001 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 10
2.2 Product: PPA-1011������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 14
2.3 Product: PPA-1012������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 18
2.4 Product: PPA-1013������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 22
2.5 Product: PPA-1014������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 23
2.6 Product: PPA-1021������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 27
2.7 Product: PPA-1022������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 31
2.8 Product: PPA-2011������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 35
2.9 Product: PPA-2014������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 39
2.10 Product: PPA-4011��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 43
3.0 Electrical Connection��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Piezo Polarity & Connecting Multiple Piezos���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 47
Solder������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 47
PPA-7001 Ring Terminal Cable������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48
Conductive Hardware Directly to PCB���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48
Spring Loaded Contacts (Pogo Pins)������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 48
IC Hook and Alligator Clips������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49
Connectors�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 49
4.0 Clamping/Mounting������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 50
4.1 PPA-9001 Clamp Kit��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 50
4.1.1. List of Contents............................................................................................................................................................................... 50
4.1.2. Clamp Location............................................................................................................................................................................... 51
4.1.3. Clamping Instructions.................................................................................................................................................................. 52
4.1.4. Example Configurations.............................................................................................................................................................. 52
4.2 PPA-9004 Clamp Enclosure Kit������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 53
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
2 of 70
4.2.1. List of Contents................................................................................................................................................................................53
4.2.2. Clamp Locations .............................................................................................................................................................................55
4.2.3. Clamping Instructions..................................................................................................................................................................56
4.2.4. Example Configurations...............................................................................................................................................................57
4.2.5. PPA-5003 Tip Mass Accessory.....................................................................................................................................................57
4.3 PPA-5004/5/6/7 Clamp Plates................................................................................................................................................................58
4.4 Tuning�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������60
4.4.1. Calculating the Required Tip Mass..........................................................................................................................................60
4.4.2. Adding Tip Mass.............................................................................................................................................................................60
4.4.3. Determining the Characteristics of the Vibration Source...............................................................................................61
4.4.4. Determining Resonance of the Piezo Beam.........................................................................................................................61
4.5 Bonding��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������61
5.0 Material Properties�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������62
5.1 Piezoelectric Properties��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������62
5.2 Packaging Materials ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63
6.0 Testing Methods�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������64
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
Energy Harvesting������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������64
Static Defection/Block Force����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������64
Frequency Sweep�������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������65
Sensitivity/Power Bandwidth ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������65
7.0 Custom Solutions����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������66
8.0 Troubleshooting�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������67
8.1 Frequently Asked Questions�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������67
8.2 Product Support���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������70
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
3 of 70
0.0 GENERAL INFORMATION
0.1 COPYRIGHT
This datasheet and the design data which it describes are copyright
with all rights reserved. None of the data may be copied without
the express written consent of Midé Technology Corporation.
Refer to Midé Technology Corporation’s full Copyright Policy at
http://www.mide.com/legal/legal_copyright.php for the full legal
terms in regard to this copyright.
0.2 WARRANTY
Midé Technology Corporation warrants that the PPA standard
products will be free from defects in workmanship and materials
in normal use and operation within 3 months from date of
shipment. This warranty only applies when the products are
installed, maintained, and repaired in accordance with all of the
directions, instructions, diagrams, safety warnings, cautions,
and other notices set forth in this document, and if not damaged
by persons, actions, or inactions unrelated to Midé. In the event
of any such defect of which Midé is informed in writing within
such 3 month period, Midé’s sole responsibility is, at Midé’s
option, to provide a replacement at no cost to the Buyer upon
the return of the defective product. Requests for compliance
with this express, limited warranty shall be honored only when
made by the Buyer. Refer to the Terms and Conditions at http://
www.mide.com/legal/legal_terms.php#4 for the full legal terms
in regard to this warranty.
0.3 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
A number of warnings and cautions appear in the text of this
technical manual. They are intended to safeguard personnel and
equipment from potential hazards or damage during equipment
installation, operation, and maintenance. These warnings and
cautions will be presented in the following manner.
WARNING: This represents an operating procedure, practice
condition, statement, etc., which if not strictly observed, could
result in injury to personnel or long term health hazards.
CAUTION: This represents an operating procedure, practice
condition, statement, etc., which if not strictly
observed, could result in damage to, or destruction of,
equipment or a reduction in performance.
In addition to the specific warnings and cautions included in this
manual, Midé recommends that all customers install, operate, and
maintain the products in accordance with general safety guidelines
included in standards published by OSHA.
0.4 INTRODUCTION
Midé’s piezo standard products utilize its Piezo Protection
Advantage (PPA) to protect the piezo ceramic wafers. Midé’s
packaging also enables cost effective system integration with
mounting features and electrical connection incorporated into the
piezoelectric package. Midé has been manufacturing packaged
piezos with its patented process for over 15 years; it typically
produces between 25,000 and 50,000 units annually. In addition
to the manufacturing experience Midé has gained over the years,
it has engineered many custom electromechanical solutions that
integrate its packaged piezos to solve a wide range of engineering
problems.
The PPA standard product line are a range of rectangular
piezoelectric packages designed for cantilever, bonded, or fixed
beam configurations. Applications for these products include
vibration energy harvesting, vibration dampening, precise actuation
(especially useful for haptic and valve applications), vibration &
strain sensing, as well as many others. Although this product line
focuses on rectangular piezos, Midé can design and manufacture
a wide range of shapes and sizes. Please refer to Section 7 if a
custom design is required.
This datasheet provides comprehensive data for all products.
Section 1 provides performance summary information for the main
applications of these products and also higher volume pricing for
comparison. Section 2 provides more in depth information by
product. Section 3 details how electrical connection to the piezos
can be achieved. Section 4 explains how these products should
be mounted when in the cantilever position and includes detailed
information on the PPA-9001 clamp kit. This kit is recommended
for all products when they are being evaluated in the cantilever
configuration. This kit includes all the necessary hardware to
mount and clamp the products, tip masses to tune the beams to
resonance, necessary tools for the hardware and electrical tape for
insulation. Also included in this section is the recommended epoxy
for direct bonding applications. Section 5 provides the material
properties for modeling and simulation. Section 6 details the test
procedures used to gather all data presented in this datasheet.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
4 of 70
1.0 PRODUCT SUMMARY
1.1 OVERVIEW
Figure 1: Provides an overview of these products as well as to scale drawing for size comparison.
Products
PPA-1001
PPA-1011
PPA-2011
PPA-4011
PPA-1012
PPA-1013
PPA-1014
PPA-2014
PPA-1021
PPA-1022
Length (mm) [mils]
(54.4) [2.14] (71.0) [2.80] (71.0) [2.80] (71.0) [2.80] (53.0) [2.09] (71.0) [2.80]
(53.0) [2.09]
Width (mm) [mils]
(22.4) [0.88] (25.4) [1.00] (41.5) [1.63] (41.5) [1.63] (20.8) [0.82] (10.3) [0.41]
(10.3) [0.41]
Thickness (mm) [mils]
(0.46) [18.0] (0.71) [28.0] (0.75) [29.5] (1.94) [76.5] (0.74) [29.0] (0.74) [29.0]
(0.76) [30.0] (0.80) [31.5]
(0.83) [32.5] (0.86) [34.0]
(1.32) [52.0]
(0.70) [27.4]
(0.70) [27.4]
Piezo Length (mm) [mils]
(46.0) [1.81] (46.0) [1.81] (46.0) [1.81] (46.0) [1.81] (27.8) [1.09] (46.0) [1.81]
(21.6) [0.85]
Piezo Width (mm) [mils]
(20.8) [0.82] (20.8) [0.82] (38.4) [1.51] (33.4) [1.31] (18.0) [0.71] (06.4) [0.25]
(03.7) [0.15]
Piezo Thickness (mm) [mils]
(0.18) [06.0] (0.18) [06.0] (0.25) [10.0] (1.47) [58.0] (0.19) [07.5] (0.25) [10.0]
(0.18) [07.0]
Number of Piezo Layers
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
Piezo Materials
PZT-5H
PZT-5H
PZT-5H
PZT-5H
PZT-5H
PZT-5H
PZT-5H
Capacitance (nF)
100
97
190
415
120
24
41
94
22
7
Mass (grams)
2.8
3.0
4.0
7.6
6.0
21.5
2.0
2.9
1.4
0.8
Figure 1: The PPA standard product range is shown to scale, with a United States quarter included as a reference scale.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
5 of 70
1.0 PRODUCT SUMMARY
These products come in 8 product sets, grouped by form factor.
Within each set, the first numerical digit in the product part number
designates the number of piezo layers. These PPA products come
as unimorph (single layer), bimorph (two active piezo layers) and
quad-morphs (four active layers). One product set, PPA-103X,
is differentiated by piezoelectric material. PMN-PT, PZT-5H, and
PZT-5A material choices are available. See Section 5.1 for more
information on piezoelectric material properties.
1.2 VOLUME PRICING
Midé’s PPA product line offers cost effective piezoelectric packages
to customers, these costs and sale prices drop dramatically with
increased volumes as shown in Table 1. These prices are subject
to change at any time and are only available when buying directly
through Midé. Distributors offer these products at low quantities.
Midé typically keeps about 100 units of each product in stock
at all times. Orders of over 100 units will have a lead time of 4
to 6 weeks. If an order of 1,000 or more units is desired, please
contact Midé for a more accurate lead time estimation. For even
larger volume orders, please contact mide for quotation.
Table 1: Volume Pricing of PPA Standard Product Line
Quanity
PPA-1001 PPA-1011 PPA-2011 PPA-4011 PPA-1012 PPA-1013 PPA-1014 PPA-2014 PPA-1021 PPA-1022
1
$36.00
$200.00
$238.00
$300.00
$210.00
$334.00
$194.00
$228.00
$184.00
$176.00
2
$27.00
$150.00
$179.00
$225.00
$158.00
$251.00
$146.00
171.00
$138.00
$132.00
5
$22.00
$120.00
$143.00
$180.00
$126.00
$201.00
$117.00
$137.00
$111.00
$106.00
10
$18.00
$100.00
$119.00
$150.00
$105.00
$167.00
$97.00
$114.00
$92.00
$88.00
100
$12.36
$45.04
$69.75
$107.63
$47.13
$104.59
$43.54
$67.19
$31.09
$28.43
1,000
$8.15
$21.16
$31.93
$51.27
$27.28
$55.86
$20.43
$30.69
$18.15
$16.85
10,000
$5.85
$13.55
$20.03
$30.15
$18.25
$34.18
$13.16
$19.36
$10.86
$10.16
Note: PPA-1001 product is sold in packs of 5
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
6 of 70
1.3 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
1.3.1 VIBRATION ENERGY HARVESTING
The power output of all of the recommended energy harvesting
products are compared when tuned to a 60 Hz resonance. Figure
2 shows the comparison between these products for four different
acceleration amplitudes: 0.25g, 0.50g, 1.0g, and 2.0g. Figure
3 compares the power output for each product when there is no
tip mass added; this represents the upper limit of the products
frequency range if the clamping configuration is not changed.
Figure 4 compares the power output for each product when there
is the maximum tip mass added; this represents the lower limit
of the products frequency range if the clamping configuration is
not changed. These tests were all with beams clamped in the
middle clamp location.
PPA-4011
0.45
0.4
PPA-2011
Power Output (mW)
0.35
0.3
PPA-1011
0.25
PPA-1012
PPA-1001
0.2
PPA-2014
0.15
PPA-1014
PPA-1021
0.1
0.05
PPA-1022
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 3: The power output at each product’s resonant frequency
is compared. These were excited with a 0.5g amplitude sinewave
at the respective resonant frequency. No tip mass was added, these
frequencies represent the upper end of each products frequency
range without adjusting the clamp configuration.
Power Output Comparison @ 0.5g | Full Tip Mass
12
PPA-2011
10
8
Power Output (mW)
Midé’s PPA standard products utilize the piezoelectric effect to
convert mechanical energy in the form of vibration or shock
into electrical energy. These provide optimal power output
when they are properly clamped per the instructions in Section
4 and have a resonant frequency that matches the dominate
frequency of the system it is harvesting energy from. All of
the PPA products can be tuned to a wide range of frequencies.
Adding tip mass greatly reduces the resonant frequency
and further adjustment can be made by changing the clamp
location. To increase the resonant frequency the piezo beams
can be clamped on both ends and/or bonded to a stiffer beam.
Power Output Comparison @ 0.5g | No Tip Mass
0.5
PPA-4011
6
PPA-2014
PPA-1011
PPA-1014
PPA-1001
4
Power Output Comparison at 60 Hz
100
0.25g
0.50g
1.00g
2.00g
2
0
20
25
PPA-1022
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
Frequency (Hz)
10
Power Output (mW)
Figure 4: The power output at each product’s resonant frequency
is compared when the maximum recommended tip mass is
added. These were excited with a 0.5g amplitude sinewave at the
respective resonant frequency. These frequencies represent the
lower end of each products frequency range without adjusting
the clamp configuration. Please refer to the product’s specific
section for the tip mass used.
1
0.1
PPA-1021
PPA-1012
PPA-1001
PPA-1011
PPA-1012
PPA-1014
PPA-1021
PPA-1022
PPA-2011
PPA-2014
PPA-4011
Part Number
Figure 2: The power output of each product when tuned to 60
Hz is shown for four different acceleration amplitudes: 0.25g,
0.50g, 1.0g, and 2.0g. Please refer to the product’s specific
section to determine how much tip mass was added to achieve
a 60 Hz resonance.
Please refer to Section 2 for product specific information at a
range of frequencies, and acceleration amplitudes.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
7 of 70
1.3 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Free Displacement vs Block Force Comparison | Middle Clamp Location
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
1.4
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
5.0
1.2
4.3
25
Resonant Frequency vs Tip Displacement | Middle Clamp Location | Added Tip Mass
PPA-1011
20
0.79
PPA-2011
15
0.59
PPA-1021
10
0.39
PPA-1012
PPA-1022
3.6
0.8
2.9
2.2
PPA-2014
0.4
PPA-1001
PPA-1014
PPA-1022
0
0
0.1
0.7
PPA-1012
PPA-1011
PPA-2011
PPA-1021
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0
20
PPA-1014
30
40
50
60
70
0.20
PPA-2014
80
90
0.00
100
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 7: Adding tip mass reduces the resonant frequency and
can also increase tip displacement. The PPA-1021 and PPA-1022
had a 3.1 gram tip mass; the rest, excluding PPA-1012 which had
a 15.5 gram tip mass, had tip masses of 9.3 grams.
1.4
0.2
PPA-4011
5
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
PPA-4011
1
0.6
0.98
PPA-1001
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
The PPA products can also be driven as an actuator by applying
an electric voltage to them. These are often used in valves where
fast and controlled actuation is needed. To compare the relative
performance of these range of products a plot of block force
and maximum tip displacement is provided Figure 5. Adjusting
the clamp location changes this displacement/force relationship;
this data is listed for each product in Section 2.
Figure 6: The peak to peak displacement when driven at
resonance is shown for all products. They were driven with a
100 volt amplitude sine wave for each product except the PPA4011 which was only driven with 50 volts.
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
1.3.2 ACTUATION
0.0
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Figure 5: The block force is plotted compared to the maximum,
unloaded tip displacement for static, or near static, actuation.
When driven at resonance the peak displacement will be much
greater than when driven at static or quasi static speeds. Figure
6 provides a comparison between these products when driven
at resonance and a 100 volt amplitude sine wave. The PPA-4011
was only driven with a 50 volt amplitude to prevent damaging the
product. Figure 7 provides this frequency and tip displacement
comparison when tip mases were added. These tests were all
with the products clamped at the middle clamp location.
Resonant Frequency vs Tip Displacement | Middle Clamp Location | No Tip Mass
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
20
0.98
PPA-1001
0.79
PPA-1011
15
0.59
PPA-2011
10
5
0.39
PPA-1021
PPA-1022
PPA-1012
PPA-4011
PPA-1014
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
0.2
PPA-2014
0.0
450
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
25
Strain actuation test data is coming soon. Please Contact Us
to be placed on a mailing list to receive notification when this
information is available.
1.3.3. SENSING
Piezos provide an electrical output when strained and therefore
they are often used as sensors. What’s unique about Midé’s
PPA products is that their size results in a very large output for a
given mechanical input. This results in the ability to use piezos
as unpowered sensors. This is very useful for applications that
require a very long lifetime and/or where batteries may not be an
option. Figure 8 provides a plot comparing the sensitivity of each
product to the upper limit of the usable frequency range. This
frequency range is defined as when the deviation is within ± 3 dB
of the sensitivity. Adding tip mass will increase the sensitivity but
it will also greatly reduce the bandwidth of the sensor. These tests
were with the piezo clamped in the middle clamp location. The
-6mm clamp location wouldn’t be very useful in this application
because it will reduce the bandwidth and the sensitivity because
it is not clamped on the piezo. Clamping at the +6mm location
will increase the bandwidth but decrease the sensitivity; this may
be useful for some applications.
Frequency (Hz)
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
8 of 70
1.3 PERFORMANCE SUMMARY
Sensitivity vs Upper Frequency Limit Comparison
180
PPA-2011
160
PPA-1001
PPA-1021
Sensitivity (mV/g)
140
120
PPA-1012
100
PPA-1011
PPA-2014
80
PPA-1022
PPA-4011
PPA-1014
60
40
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
Figure 8: The sensitivity of each product is plotted against the
upper limit of the usable frequency range. This frequency range is
defined as when the deviation is within ± 3 dB of the sensitivity.
Strain sensing test data is coming soon. Please Contact Us
to be placed on a mailing list to receive notification when this
information is available.
1.3.4. VIBRATION DAMPENING
Midé’s vibration energy harvesters convert mechanical energy
into electrical energy. Because of this piezoelectric effect, Midé’s
piezo products are taking mechanical energy out of the system
and providing electrical power to a sensing system. Thus Midé’s
energy harvesters can not only harvest otherwise unused energy,
it can also prolong the life of the mechanical system the energy is
harvested from by dampening vibrations. If vibration dampening
is all that is desired from the piezo, a shunt circuit can be utilized
to dissipate the harvested mechanical energy into heat and/
or a magnetic field. Thus, through the use of the piezoelectric,
the mechanical energy in the system is passively dampened.
Vibration dampening test data is coming soon. Please Contact
Us to be placed on a mailing list to receive notification when this
information is available.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
9 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.1 PRODUCT: PPA-1001
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-1001 is a single layer product recommended for
energy harvesting and sensing applications. It also exhibits good
performance as a resonant actuator. It is not recommended for
applications requiring high force output. This product does not
have mounting and alignment holes like the other products; but
it is the most cost effective option Midé has.
Performance data for the PPA-1001 is summarized in the
following tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information
on how this data was gathered. Please note that this data is
to be used only as reference and that there is some variability
from unit to unit. Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality,
all can contribute to additional variability. All test data was
gathered at room temperature and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit
hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
DIMENSIONS
Overview
Capacitance (nF)
100
Mass (g)
2.8
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
±120
55.3
PZT 46.0
8.4
Layer Material¹
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
Polyester
2.0
0.05
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
6.0
0.15
Stainless Steel 304
6.0
0.15
Polyimide
1.0
0.03
Total
18.0
0.46
PZT
20.8
23.3
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
39.0
40.8
Clamp 6.0
Clamp 0
10.0
14.5
8.4
Figure 9: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1001 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.46 mm (18 mils).
²The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness N/A
(N/m)
452.15
275.52
Effective Mass (g) N/A
Max Peak to Peak
0.918
0.714
Deflection (mm)
24.0
20.0
N/A
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
10 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
132.0
131.0
131.0
129.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.7
2.2
1.1
1.9
3.4
5.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
17.9
18.3
15.7
13.0
2.1
3.6
6.0
9.9
1.1
1.4
1.6
2.2
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.09
0.25
0.50
1.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
0.1
0.5
1.8
2.9
3.3
7.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
61.0
20.8
28.6
3.8
6.7
12.2
1.2
2.1
3.9
0.05
0.08
0.15
0.25
0.50
22.0
22.0
22.8
22.8
1.4
4.4
9.0
17.3
0.1
0.3
60.4
67.6
16.4
26.6
5.2
9.3
0.21
0.37
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
N/A
0.20
0.23
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
N/A
0.80
0.74
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
N/A
83.3
98.9
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
N/A
5.6
7.8
Q Factor
N/A
14.9
12.7
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
N/A
19.5
15.9
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
N/A
1.4
1.1
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
N/A
20.5
26.4
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
N/A
1.4
1.8
Q Factor
N/A
14.6
14.7
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
N/A
23.5
19.8
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
N/A
1.8
1.8
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
11 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
145
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
49.0
Resonance (Hz)
135.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
6.6
PLOTS
PPA-1001
PPA-1001 | Resonant Frequency Range
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
100
0.0
0.4
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.1
40
60
80
100
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
1.44
0.35
1.26
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
0
20
0.012
120
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
1
0
0.008
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.01
0.004
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 10: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 11: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data..
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
12 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PLOTS
PPA-1001 | No Tip Mass
100
PPA-1001 | 09.3g Tip Mass
3.937
100
1
0.039
100
0.004
1000
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
0.394
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
10
0.1
10
3.937
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 12: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-1001
10.0
Piezo Output (V)
1.00
3
0
-3
0.10
0.01
10
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
33
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 13: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency
range where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
13 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.2 PRODUCT: PPA-1011
OVERVIEW
The PPA-1011 is recommended for energy harvesting and sensing
applications. It also exhibits good performance as a resonant
actuator.
Performance data for the PPA-1011 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
Overview
5x
Layer Material¹
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
6.0
0.15
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
14.0
0.36
Total²
28.0
0.71
2.1
71.0
PZT 46.0
12.7
10.5
8.0
5.3
PZT
20.8
0
¹Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
25.4
48.0
44.5
3.2
23.0
21.0
20.0
8x
40.7
±120
Clamp 6.0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
DIMENSIONS
Clamp 0
3.0
10.0
Mass (g)
Clamp -6.0
100
15.5
Capacitance (nF)
Figure 14: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1011 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.71 mm (28 mils).
²The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 267.45
(N/m)
446.28
591.81
Effective Mass (g) 0.645
Max Peak to Peak
0.614
0.506
Deflection (mm)
20.5
17.0
21.0
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
14 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
147.0
146.0
146.0
145.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.7
2.1
1.1
1.8
2.7
4.6
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.5
12.1
12.6
10.2
10.1
1.7
2.8
4.3
7.3
0.9
1.4
2.2
3.7
0.04
0.06
0.09
0.15
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
0.4
1.1
3.2
9.6
3.3
4.2
7.9
12.8
0.1
0.3
0.4
0.7
25.0
15.8
19.5
17.3
5.7
0.6
13.8
20.7
2.7
3.5
7.0
10.1
0.11
0.14
0.28
0.40
0.25
0.50
1.00
20.8
21.0
21.0
25.3
25.3
25.3
2.5
5.4
16.0
13.8
14.9
23.2
0.2
0.4
0.7
76.6
41.2
33.7
20.2
26.9
39.7
9.7
12.9
34.1
0.38
0.51
1.34
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.09
0.11
0.11
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.40
0.36
0.34
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
102.5
133.7
172.2
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
5.0
7.6
10.4
Q Factor
20.5
17.6
16.6
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
15.4
14.8
12.5
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.8
0.9
0.8
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
26.1
32.1
39.1
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
0.8
1.2
1.8
Q Factor
32.6
26.8
21.7
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
20.4
20.6
16.7
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.8
1.0
0.8
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
15 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
93.11
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
80.0
Resonance (Hz)
135.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
4.3
PLOTS
PPA-1011
PPA-1011 | Resonant Frequency Range
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
0.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.35
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
1
0.039
1.44
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
1.26
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
Force Amplitude (ounces)
100
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.01
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 15: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 16: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
16 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PLOTS
PPA-1011 | 09.3g Tip Mass
PPA-1011 | No Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 17: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-1011
10.0
Piezo Output (V)
1.00
3
0.10
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
33
0
-3
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 18: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
17 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.3 PRODUCT: PPA-1012
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-1012 is single layer piezo product that offers decent
performance as a bender. It’s much wider than the other products
which enable more tip mass to be added easily with is useful
in some applications. This product is also recommended for
bonded applications.
Performance data for the PPA-1012 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
Overview
71.0
PZT 46.0
20.8
Layer Material
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
10.0
0.25
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
14.0
0.36
Total
30.0
0.76
16.0
10.5
5.3
PZT
38.4
2.1
41.5
48.0
9x
40.7
3.2
23.0
21.0
20.0
10x
44.5
0
Clamp 0
±200
Clamp 6.0
6.0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
10.0
Mass (g)
DIMENSIONS
Clamp -6.0
120
15.5
Capacitance (nF)
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
Figure 29: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1012 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.76 mm (30 mils).
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Part Number:
Clamp -6
Description:
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 497.59
(N/m)
769.74
1207.05
Effective Mass (g) 1.289
1.077
1.036
Max Tip Deflection 2.0
(mm)
8.0
8.0
PPA-1012
Rev: 2
Engineering & Approvals
Date
Eng: S. Hanly
12/29/2015
Drw:
App:
Single Layer Piezo Package, 10 mil Thick Piezo
Units:
MM
Tolerances
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Material:
FR4, Copper, PZT Composite
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this drawing is the sole
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduction in part or in whole
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corporation is prohibited.
Scale:
5:3
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
18 of 70
Sheet:
1 of 1
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
135.0
134.0
133.0
132.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.6
1.5
0.7
1.3
2.1
3.7
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
7.2
7.6
7.2
9.1
1.3
2.1
3.4
5.3
0.7
1.2
1.9
3.2
0.03
0.05
0.08
0.12
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
5.4
5.4
4.9
4.4
0.2
0.6
1.4
3.5
2.0
3.5
6.3
7.7
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.5
16.8
21.5
27.4
16.8
3.3
5.1
7.9
11.6
1.6
2.6
4.1
6.7
0.06
0.10
0.16
0.25
0.25
0.50
1.00
22.0
22.0
23.0
38.0
38.0
38.0
0.4
1.9
7.1
4.1
8.7
16.2
0.1
0.2
0.4
40.3
40.5
36.7
6.5
12.7
22.7
3.6
7.8
12.6
0.13
0.29
0.46
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.11
0.14
0.17
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.30
0.44
0.29
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
98.9
124.0
171.8
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
6.4
10.2
13.4
Q Factor
15.5
12.2
12.8
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
4.5
3.8
4.0
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.4
0.3
0.3
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
27.4
34.8
43.0
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
5.8
1.4
1.8
Q Factor
4.7
24.9
23.9
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
1.5
7.5
7.6
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.3
0.4
0.5
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
19 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
106
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
80.0
Resonance (Hz)
133.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
3.6
PLOTS
PPA-1012 | Resonant Frequency Range
PPA-1012
100
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
0.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
1.44
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.35
1.26
1
0.1
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
0
0.01
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 30: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 31: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
20 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-1012 | No Tip Mass
PPA-1012 | 15.5 Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 32: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-1012
10.0
Piezo Output (V)
1.00
3
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
31
0
0.10
-3
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 33: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
21 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.4 PRODUCT: PPA-1013
DIMENSIONS
The PPA-1013 is single layer piezo product with a very thick piezo
making it optimal in bonded configurations. Its thickness makes
it ineffective as a bender.
71.0
PZT 46.0
20.8
16.0
10.5
5.3
PZT
33.4
Layer Material
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
58.5
1.49
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
14.0
0.36
Total
78.0
1.98
41.5
48.0
40.7
±500
44.5
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
Clamp 0
21.5
2.1
Clamp 6.0
24
Mass (g)
3.2
9x
10.0
Capacitance (nF)
10x
23.0
21.0
20.0
Overview
Clamp -6.0
SPECIFICATIONS
15.5
0
Figure 34: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1013 are
shown. The total thickness is 1.98mm MM
(78 mils).
Part Number:
Description:
PPA-1013
Rev: 2
Engineering & Approvals
Date
Eng: S. Hanly
12/29/2015
Drw:
App:
Single Layer Piezo Package, 58 mil Thick Piezo
Units:
Tolerances
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Material:
FR4, Copper, PZT Composite
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this drawing is the sole
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduction in part or in whole
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corporation is prohibited.
Scale:
5:3
Sheet:
1 of 1
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
22 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.5 PRODUCT: PPA-1014
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-1014 is a single layer product recommended for
energy harvesting and sensing applications. It also exhibits good
performance as a resonant actuator. It is not recommended
for applications requiring high force output. This product has a
relatively high natural frequency compared to the other products
which is beneficial for some applications. Due to its smaller size and
good performance this is a popular product for many applications.
Performance data for the PPA-1014 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
DIMENSIONS
Overview
Capacitance (nF)
40
Mass (g)
2.0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
±150
53.0
PZT 27.8
10.5
8.0
5.3
2.1
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
7.5
0.19
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
14.0
0.36
Total
28.0
0.71
30.0
5x
26.5
0.08
22.5
3.0
Clamp 6.0
FR4
PZT
20.8
18.0
0
Clamp 0
3.2
10.0
8x
Clamp -6.0
Thickness (mm)
15.5
Thickness (mils)
23.0
21.0
20.0
Layer Material
Figure 35: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1014 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.71 mm (28 mils).
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Part Number:
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Description:
PPA-1014
Date
Eng: S. Hanly
12/29/2015
Drw:
App:
Single Layer Piezo Package, 7.5 mil Thick Piezo
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 898.54
(N/m)
2187.85
4167.91
Effective Mass (g) 0.336
0.339
0.240
Max Peak to Peak
Deflection (mm)
5.0
5.0
6.0
Rev: 2
Engineering & Approvals
Units:
Tolerances
MM
Material:
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Scale:
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
FR4, Copper, PZT Comp
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this draw
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduc
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corp
23 of 70
5:3
She
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
413.0
410.0
404.0
400.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
1.1
0.6
1.3
2.0
3.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
9.0
13.6
11.1
8.9
1.2
2.2
3.3
5.7
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.8
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
15.1
15.1
14.9
14.9
1.2
3.7
9.8
25.9
10.8
13.9
19.5
27.3
0.1
0.3
0.5
0.9
95.7
52.1
38.8
28.8
14.4
25.8
30.5
36.1
2.4
3.3
4.0
5.0
0.09
0.13
0.15
0.19
0.25
0.50
47.0
46.0
25.3
25.3
2.0
4.8
14.1
17.2
0.1
0.3
100.0
61.9
17.0
24.8
3.1
4.6
0.12
0.18
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.09
0.09
0.23
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.15
0.19
0.09
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
260.2
384.2
663.9
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
9.6
72.4
54.4
Q Factor
27.1
5.3
12.2
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
5.4
1.8
1.6
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.2
0.3
0.2
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
48.6
68.2
105.2
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
8.6
14.4
7.2
Q Factor
5.7
4.7
14.6
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
6.1
4.1
9.0
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.9
0.8
0.5
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
24 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
56
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
252.0
Resonance (Hz)
417.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
4.0
PLOTS
PPA-1014 | Resonant Frequency Range
PPA-1014
100
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
0.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
1.44
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.35
1.26
1
0.1
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
0
0.01
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 36: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 37: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
25 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-1014 | No Tip Mass
PPA-1014 | 09.3g Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 38: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-1014
10.0
37
Piezo Output (V)
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
1.00
0.10
3
0
-3
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 39: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
26 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.6 PRODUCT: PPA-1021
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-1021 is a single layer product recommended for
energy harvesting and sensing applications. It also exhibits good
performance as a resonant actuator. It is not recommended for
applications requiring high force output. This is a good cost
effective alternative over some of the other products.
Performance data for the PPA-1021 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
DIMENSIONS
Overview
4x
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
10.0
0.25
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
14.0
0.36
Total
29.0
0.74
3.2
5.2
0
PZT 6.4
10.3
48.0
Thickness (mm)
44.5
Thickness (mils)
23.0
21.0
Layer Material
40.7
±200
PZT 46.0
2.1
Clamp 6.0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
71.0
Clamp 0
1.4
10.0
Mass (g)
Clamp -6.0
22
15.5
Capacitance (nF)
Figure 45: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1021 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.74 mm (29 mils).
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 211.60
(N/m)
261.21
442.60
Effective Mass (g) 0.301
0.156
0.233
Max Peak to Peak
Deflection (mm)
11.0
9.0
12.0
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
27 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
175.0
174.0
173.0
171.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.9
1.2
2.3
3.6
5.6
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
47.3
51.9
44.5
35.1
2.1
3.5
5.9
9.8
0.6
0.9
1.5
2.5
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
0.2
0.7
1.6
4.4
4.1
8.6
14.0
23.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.2
82.5
113.9
125.1
122.9
7.2
14.3
20.5
32.2
1.5
2.9
5.4
8.9
0.06
0.11
0.21
0.34
0.25
0.50
1.00
23.0
23.0
22.0
12.7
12.7
12.7
1.3
2.3
4.5
17.8
23.3
28.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
250.6
232.5
174.9
27.3
35.5
46.8
6.5
8.8
16.1
0.25
0.33
0.59
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.06
0.06
0.09
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.24
0.23
0.20
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
133.5
174.3
219.5
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
4.0
6.8
19.6
Q Factor
33.4
25.6
11.2
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
9.8
8.5
4.5
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.5
0.4
0.3
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
39.7
48.8
58.0
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
1.8
1.6
3.0
Q Factor
22.1
30.5
19.3
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
11.5
11.0
8.3
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.5
0.4
0.5
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
28 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
146
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
98.0
Resonance (Hz)
182.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
7.4
PLOTS
PPA-1021 | Resonant Frequency Range
PPA-1021
100
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
0.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
1.44
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.35
1.26
1
0.1
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
0
0.01
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 46: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 47: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
29 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-1021 | No Tip Mass
PPA-1021 | 03.1g Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 48: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-1021
10.0
Piezo Output (V)
1.00
3
0
-3
0.10
0.01
10
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
34
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 49: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
30 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.7 PRODUCT: PPA-1022
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-1022 is a single layer product recommended for all
applications where the most important requirement is size. Due to
its smaller size it has inferior performance compared to the other
products but its small size also results in lower costs.
Performance data for the PPA-1022 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
Overview
53.0
2.1
4x
Layer Material
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
FR4
3.0
0.08
5.2
Copper
1.4
0.03
0
PZT 5H
7.0
0.18
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
14.0
0.36
Total
27.4
0.70
3.2
PZT 21.6
16.3
23.0
21.0
PZT 3.7 10.3
Clamp 6.0
±200
Clamp 0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
DIMENSIONS
10.0
1.4
Clamp -6.0
7
Mass (g)
15.5
Capacitance (nF)
Figure 50: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-1022 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.74 mm (29 mils).
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Effective Stiffness 517.88
(N/m)
853.91
Effective Mass (g) 0.205
0.088
Max Peak to Peak
Deflection (mm)
7.0
8.0
Clamp 6
1722.18
Part Number:
Description:
PPA-1022
Rev: 2
Engineering & Approvals
Date
Eng: S. Hanly
12/29/2015
Drw:
App:
0.103
Single Layer Piezo Package, 7 mil Thick Piezo
Units:
Tolerances
MM
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Material:
Scale:
5.0
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
FR4, Copper, P
Midé Proprietary: Any information conta
property of Midé Technology Corporatio
without the written permission of Midé T
31 of 70
5:3
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
441.0
440.0
438.0
437.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.5
1.1
2.0
2.6
5.1
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.1
89.9
87.1
43.1
54.3
2.0
3.4
5.6
9.3
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.005
0.009
0.015
0.023
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.8
0.3
0.7
2.9
5.5
9.0
13.9
26.2
33.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
297.7
288.2
234.0
198.0
14.5
25.3
40.4
52.3
1.6
2.9
5.0
6.7
0.062
0.112
0.192
0.254
0.25
0.50
41.5
41.0
12.6
12.6
1.1
2.0
18.1
23.7
0.1
0.1
309.2
281.7
31.7
36.9
2.6
3.2
0.100
0.118
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.03
0.06
0.09
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.16
0.13
0.07
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
252.9
408.4
650.3
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
10.6
10.8
15.4
Q Factor
23.9
37.8
42.2
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
4.5
4.2
2.5
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.4
0.3
0.4
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
63.0
85.2
116.7
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
0.8
1.4
2.0
Q Factor
78.8
60.9
58.4
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
7.6
6.1
4.1
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.2
0.3
0.2
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
32 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
71
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
263.0
Resonance (Hz)
457.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
6.5
PLOTS
PPA-1022
PPA-1022 | Resonant Frequency Range
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
0.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.35
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
1
0.039
1.44
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
1.26
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
Force Amplitude (ounces)
100
0.1
0
0.01
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 51: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 52: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
33 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-1022 | No Tip Mass
PPA-1022 | 03.1g Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 53: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-1022
10.0
39
Piezo Output (V)
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
1.00
3
0.10
0
-3
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 54: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
34 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.8 PRODUCT: PPA-2011
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-2011 is recommended for energy harvesting and sensing
applications. It also exhibits good performance as a resonant
actuator. With two piezo layers it generally offers improved
performance over the PPA-1011 but at a slightly higher cost.
Performance data for the PPA-2011 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
Overview
Capacitance (nF)
190
Mass (g)
4.0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
±120
DIMENSIONS
5x
2.1
71.0
PZT 46.0
Layer Material¹
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
6.0
0.15
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
6.0
0.15
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
3.0
0.08
Total
30.0
0.76
12.7
10.5
8.0
5.3
PZT
20.8
0
48.0
44.5
40.7
Clamp 6.0
Clamp 0
Clamp -6.0
15.5
10.0
3.2
23.0
21.0
20.0
8x
25.4
Figure 19: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-2011 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.76 mm (30 mils).
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 386.08
(N/m)
573.67
861.10
Effective Mass (g) 0.811
0.607
0.495
Max Tip Deflection 16.0
(mm)
15.5
13.0
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
35 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
154.0
152.0
149.0
147.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
1.2
4.0
0.9
1.2
2.0
4.5
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.9
7.0
4.0
3.3
5.1
2.3
3.7
6.0
9.2
0.6
1.0
1.6
2.6
0.03
0.04
0.06
0.10
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.4
0.5
1.5
4.3
10.4
2.3
3.7
7.9
13.7
0.2
0.4
0.5
0.8
10.5
9.0
14.7
18.2
6.3
9.1
14.8
23.3
1.6
2.3
4.3
6.9
0.06
0.09
0.17
0.27
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
24.0
24.0
23.8
23.0
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
4.1
11.5
31.0
34.0
9.9
21.3
31.0
34.0
0.4
0.5
1.0
2.0
24.0
39.4
30.9
17.2
23.3
35.9
49.6
61.5
4.8
7.9
12.0
18.5
0.19
0.31
0.47
0.73
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.06
0.80
0.12
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.94
0.94
0.83
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
109.8
150.7
210.5
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
7.4
10.0
15.2
Q Factor
14.8
15.1
13.8
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
12.5
12.6
9.6
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.8
0.8
0.6
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
31.1
38.7
47.3
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
2.0
2.2
2.6
Q Factor
15.6
17.6
18.2
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
15.9
15.2
12.6
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
1.0
0.9
0.6
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
36 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
175.13
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
108.0
Resonance (Hz)
178.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
7.0
PLOTS
PPA-2011 | Resonant Frequency Range
PPA-2011
100
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
0.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
1.44
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.35
1.26
1
0.1
0.3
1.08
0.25
0.90
0.2
0.72
0.15
0.54
0.1
0.36
0.05
0.18
0
0.01
0
50
100
150
200
250
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
0.00
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 20: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
Figure 21: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
37 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-2011 | No Tip Mass
PPA-2011 | 09.3g Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 22: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-2011
10.0
Piezo Output (V)
1.00
3
0
-3
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
32
0.10
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 23: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
38 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.9 PRODUCT: PPA-2014
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-2014 is a double layer product recommended for all
applications including energy harvesting, sensing applications,
resonant actuation and force/deflection actuation. This product has
a relatively high natural frequency compared to the other products
which is beneficial for some applications. With two piezo layers it
generally offers improved performance over the PPA-2014 but at a
slightly higher cost. Due to its smaller size and good performance
this is a popular product for many applications.
Performance data for the PPA-2014 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
DIMENSIONS
SPECIFICATIONS
Overview
53.0
8.0
5.3
8x
3.2
FR4
3.0
0.08
5x
2.1
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
7.5
0.19
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
7.5
0.19
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
3.0
0.08
Total
32.5
0.83
PZT
20.8
18.0
0
30.0
Thickness (mm)
26.5
Thickness (mils)
23.0
21.0
20.0
Layer Material
22.5
±150
Clamp 6.0
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
PZT 27.8
10.5
Clamp 0
2.9
10.0
Mass (g)
Clamp -6.0
95
15.5
Capacitance (nF)
Figure 40: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-2014 are
shown. The total thickness is 0.83 mm (32.5 mils).
Part Number:
1Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
Description:
PPA-1014
Rev: 2
Engineering & Approvals
Date
Eng: S. Hanly
12/29/2015
Drw:
App:
Single Layer Piezo Package, 7.5 mil Thick Piezo
Units:
Tolerances
MM
Material:
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Scale:
2The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
Stiffness
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 1187.09
(N/m)
3882.41
6230.78
Effective Mass (g) 0.427
0.588
0.318
Max Peak to Peak
Deflection (mm)
5.0
3.0
7.0
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
piezo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
FR4, Copper, PZT Comp
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this draw
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduc
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corp
39 of 70
5:3
She
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
493.0
491.0
488.0
483.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.4
0.7
1.2
1.8
2.5
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.6
10.5
9.5
6.9
4.3
1.4
2.4
3.7
5.8
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.014
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
63.0
62.0
62.0
64.0
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
1.8
5.9
15.2
36.1
9.7
15.5
23.5
27.6
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.3
51.3
41.0
36.4
21.1
17.6
28.6
36.7
41.0
0.8
1.4
1.9
2.4
0.032
0.051
0.069
0.083
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
26.0
25.6
25.9
26.5
1.9
6.2
14.9
36.6
7.4
16.8
24.2
29.7
0.3
0.4
0.6
1.2
28.5
45.2
39.4
24.1
19.1
30.8
39.7
43.1
0.9
1.3
1.8
2.3
0.034
0.048
0.066
0.081
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.28
0.54
0.57
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.30
0.27
0.22
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
265.4
443.9
704.5
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
19.2
46.2
117.4
Q Factor
13.8
9.6
6.0
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
5.5
3.9
1.7
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.4
0.3
0.3
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
55.6
92.2
128.1
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
5.4
10.4
19.0
Q Factor
10.3
8.9
6.7
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
6.8
4.8
2.9
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.6
0.5
0.4
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
40 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
88
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
300.0
Resonance (Hz)
506.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
4.5
PLOTS
PPA-2014 | Resonant Frequency Range
PPA-2014
100
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
1.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
5.0
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
1.2
4.3
1
3.6
0.8
2.9
0.6
2.2
0.4
1.4
0.2
0.7
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
0.1
0.01
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 41: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.0
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Figure 42: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
41 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-2014 | No Tip Mass
PPA-2014 | 09.3g Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 43: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 100 volt signal.
PPA-2014
10.0
Piezo Output (V)
1.00
3
0.10
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
34
0
-3
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 44: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
42 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
2.10 PRODUCT: PPA-4011
DESCRIPTION
The PPA-4011 is recommended for all applications due its superior
performance. This product incorporates four piezo wafers which
drives up the cost on the unit compared to other options; but this
also results in significant performance improvements.
Performance data for the PPA-4011 is summarized in the following
tables and plots. Refer to Section 6 for information on how this
data was gathered. Please note that this data is to be used only
as reference and that there is some variability from unit to unit.
Temperature, clamp conditions, drive quality, all can contribute to
additional variability. All test data was gathered at room temperature
and with the PPA-9001 clamp kit hardware.
SPECIFICATIONS
Overview
DIMENSIONS
Layer Material
Thickness (mils)
Thickness (mm)
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
6.0
0.15
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
6.0
0.15
Copper
1.4
0.03
FR4
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
0.03
Stiffness
FR4
6.0
0.15
Parameter
Copper
1.4
0.03
PZT 5H
3.0
0.08
Copper
1.4
PZT 5H
5x
2.1
71.0
PZT 46.0
12.7
10.5
8.0
5.3
PZT
20.8
0
25.4
48.0
40.7
44.5
3.2
23.0
21.0
20.0
8x
Clamp 6.0
±120
Clamp 0
7.6
Full Scale Voltage Range (V)
Clamp -6.0
Mass (g)
15.5
415
10.0
Capacitance (nF)
Figure 24: The overall dimensions (mm) for the PPA-4011 are
shown. The total thickness is 1.3 mm (52 mils).
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Effective Stiffness 1934.93
(N/m)
4125.55
5534.45
0.03
Effective Mass (g) 1.457
1.480
1.936
6.0
0.15
5.0
4.5
Copper
1.4
0.03
Max Tip Deflection 7.0
(mm)
FR4
30
0.08
See Section 4.3 for more information on how to use this data to tune your
Total
52.0
1.32
piezo.
¹Information on material properties is provided in Section 5.
²The layer thicknesses do not perfectly add up to the actual thickness of
the product due to the epoxy layers. These epoxy layers can be ignored for
finite element analysis however.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
43 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
SPECIFICATIONS
Energy Harvesting Data for Middle Clamp Location
Acceleration
Amplitude (g)
Frequency Tip Mass RMS Power
(Hz)
(gram)
(mW)
RMS Voltage
(V)
RMS Current Resistance
(mA)
(kΩ)
RMS Open Peak to Peak
Circuit
Displacement
(mm)
Peak to Peak
Displacement
(in)
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
298.0
297.0
293.0
289.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.5
1.4
4.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
2.4
0.3
0.5
1.1
1.9
1.9
1.5
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.9
3.2
5.4
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.8
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
63.0
63.0
62.0
62.0
25.3
25.3
25.3
25.3
1.9
5.6
18.0
52.0
3.9
6.9
10.6
16.2
0.5
0.8
1.7
3.2
8.1
8.5
6.2
5.0
7.3
12.0
19.3
31.1
1.3
1.9
2.7
3.7
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.14
0.25
0.50
1.00
2.00
60.0
60.0
60.0
60.0
28.4
28.4
27.1
26.6
2.1
6.4
19.5
59.0
4.0
7.7
10.2
16.7
0.5
0.8
1.9
3.5
7.5
9.4
5.4
4.7
7.9
12.9
20.2
31.4
1.2
1.8
2.4
4.1
0.05
0.07
0.10
0.16
Block Force and Static Displacement, 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Block Force Amplitude (N)
0.51
1.05
1.28
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
0.60
0.51
0.45
Dynamic displacement, no added tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
183.4
245.8
269.1
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
10.8
14.6
70.2
Q Factor
17.0
16.8
3.8
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
4.70
2.77
0.74
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.42
0.66
0.35
Dynamic Displacement, 9.3 tip mass, +/- 100 volt signal
Parameter
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Resonant Frequency (Hz)
67.5
92.5
111.7
Half Power Bandwidth (Hz)
3.6
5.4
6.4
Q Factor
18.8
17.1
17.5
Peak to Peak Deflection at
Resonance (mm)
6.61
5.07
4.40
Quasi Static Peak to Peak Deflection
(mm)
0.37
0.30
0.26
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
44 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
Sensitivity, middle clamp, no added tip mass
Sensitivity (mV/g)
66.168
Upper Frequency Limit (Hz)
163.0
Resonance (Hz)
285.0
Sensitivity at Resonance (V/g)
3.0
PLOTS
PPA-4011 | Resonant Frequency Range
PPA-4011
100
Displacement Amplitude (inches)
0.0
1.4
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
0.004
0.008
0.012
0.016
0.020
0.024
0.028
0.031
0.035
0.039
5.0
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
1.2
4.3
1
3.6
0.8
2.9
0.6
2.2
0.4
1.4
0.2
0.7
1
Force Amplitude (ounces)
Force Amplitude (Newtons)
Tip Mass (g)
10
0.1
0.01
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 25: Refer to Section 4.3 for more information on tuning
your piezo.
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0.0
Displacement Amplitude (mm)
Figure 26: Static displacement and block force are compared
for the three different clamp locations. The piezo was driven
with 100 volts to generate this data.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
45 of 70
2.0 PRODUCT DATA
PPA-4011 | No Tip Mass
PPA-4011 | 09.3 Tip Mass
3.937
100
3.937
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
100
0.004
1000
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
Peak to Peak Deflection (mm)
Clamp -6
Clamp 0
Clamp 6
10
0.394
1
0.039
0.1
10
Frequency (Hz)
100
Peak to Peak Displacement (inches)
100
0.004
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 27: The peak to peak tip displacement is provided for when the piezo is driven with a ± 50 volt signal.
PPA-4011
10.0
33
Piezo Output (V)
Amplitude Deviation (dB)
1.00
0.10
3
0
-3
0.01
10
100
1000
Frequency (Hz)
Figure 28: The frequency response of the accelerometer is
provided with ±3 dB error bands to highlight the frequency range
where accurate measurement can be expected.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
46 of 70
r:
3.0 ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
3.1 PIEZO POLARITY & CONNECTING MULTIPLE PIEZOS
Each of the standard PPA products have only two electrical
connection points for ease of use as highlighted in Figure 55.
Most of these products are poled so that the positive voltage is
in the direction of the side with the Midé logo (the side with the
copper connection pads). PPA-1012 and PPA-1021 are poled in
the opposite direction. If a positive signal is applied to the “Bottom
(+)” pad (in line with the poling direction) the piezo wafer will
compress in the thickness direction and thus bending upward,
toward the side with electrical connection. In applications where
the piezo is being used as a sensor or harvester, compressing
the piezo through the thickness (bending upward, “out of the
Color is anactive entitites
page”) will result in a positive voltage to the “Bottom (+)” pad.
The opposite is true if applying a negative voltage.
If you prefer to use the product as a stack where the two (or four)
wafers work in unison with one another, Midé requires a minimum
order size of 25 units and a lead time of 4 weeks. There will be
no additional fee though.
Piezos can be connected to one another in either series or parallel.
Series connection will double the open-circuit voltage compared to
a single wafer, and the effective capacitance will be 1/2 the singlewafer capacitance (assuming each wafer is the same capacitance).
Parallel connection will double the current compared to a single
wafer, and the effective capacitance will be double the single-wafer
value. For most applications, parallel connection is recommended.
Regardless of series or parallel connection, the power generated
by the Volture™ Energy Harvester will be the same.
3.2 SOLDER
Connection to Bottom (+) of Piezo
The recommended electrical connection method is to solder
directly to the two copper pads on the pack for most of these
products. Please note that the PPA-1001 has steel pads which
are not designed for soldering. Please practice safe soldering
techniques and be sure to apply some electrical tape or insulating
epoxy over the connections to prevent them from shorting to one
another or person.
Connection to Top (-) of Piezo
Connection to Top (-) of Piezo
WARNING: Risk of eye injury; always wear safety goggles
when working with hot solder.
Connection to Bottom (+) of Piezo
Figure 55: The two copper pads for electrical termination are
highlighted. The two steel pads for electrical termination are
highlighted on the PPA-1001 product.
For bimorphEngineering
products
the bottom Date
wafer is Units:
poled in the opposite
& Approvals
MM
Material:
Eng: S. Hanly
direction as Drw:
the wafer on top, away from theTolerances
center of the pack. The
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
PPA-2014
Rev: 1
in
inches wafers
and tolerances connected
are:
App:
electrical
connections
are then made with theareLinear
two
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
PPA Standard Productin
- Bimorph
0.05
parallel; but in such a way where the two.XX
wafers
always
act in
Scale:
.XXX
0.010
the opposite direction of one another (one compresses, while the
other extends). This is the desired configuration for when using
these products as benders. The quadmorph wires the four piezos
similarly to the bimorphs but as two sets of pairs.The first two
wafers act in unison but in the opposite direction as the bottom
two wafers which act in unison with one another.
WARNING: Risk of lung irritation; avoid direct inhalation of
solder
fumes.
Always solder in well ventilated areas.
FR4, Copper,
PZT Composite
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this drawing is the sole
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduction in part or in whole
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corporation is prohibited.
Admittedly, the polarity direction can be confusing. Midé
recommends to do a few bench tops tests upon receipt of these
products to gain a better understanding of this directionality.
1:1
Sheet:
1 of 1
WARNING: Risk of severe burns; soldering iron tips become
very hot when used. NEVER touch the iron tip.
When connection to the piezo is being made by soldering there
are countless forms of cabling to use. Midé typically uses bare
cable but here are two options that have worked well: Header
Pin Receptacle to Solder Pins, and BNC Connector to Bare Wire.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
47 of 70
art Number:
escription:
3.0 ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
3.3 PPA-7001 RING TERMINAL
CABLE
3.4 CONDUCTIVE HARDWARE
DIRECTLY TO PCB
The PPA products, with the exception of PPA-1001, were designed
for using a M3 Ring Terminal connection as shown in Figure 56.
Refer to the product drawing and/or 3D model for exact location
of these holes; they are spaced 10.5 mm apart.
Conductive hardware can be used in place of ring terminals
when the piezo beam is directly placed on a PCB. Two brass
M3 bolts can be used to connect the piezo pack to a PC board
if large pre-tinned pads (shown as shaded rings in Figure 58)
are on the underside of the board. In this configuration the piezo
pack would lay on top of the PCB with the brass bolts bringing
connection down through the PCB to the underside of the board
where a conductive nut would be used to secure the bolt. This nut
would electrically connect to the large pads on the underside of
the board. Proper mounting torque of 1 N-m (8.85 in-lb) should
be used. When mounting directly to the PCB use the PPA-5004
clamp or similar for accurate clamping and operation.
Clamp 6.0
PPA-X011 Outline
Clamp 0
Clamp -6.0
10.0
Figure 56: Electrical connection to the PPA products can be made
with simple M3 Ring Terminals.
3.9
Solder ID
1.8 m (6 ft)
and
150 mm (6 in.)
10.5
12.7
Be sure to apply some electrical tape or insulating epoxy over
the connections to prevent them from shorting to one another
or person.
3.5 SPRING LOADED CONTACTS
MM
A (POGO PINS)
Eng: S. Hanly
6.5
0
12.7
Figure 58: Example PCB configuration for directly mounting and
connecting a PPA product to a PCB. Dimensions are shown as
millimeters.
Engineering & Approvals
Rev:
Part Number:
5.3
Example PCB
Bare Wire
3.3
3.2
2.1
8.0
Solder OD
15.5
21.0
23.0
The PPA-7001 offers a clean cable from two bare wires to two M3
ring terminals. The PPA-7001 uses two ring terminals purchased
through Digi-Key: WM9606-ND. The cabling is 22 gauge and also
purchased through Digi-Key: E1002S-1000-ND. Any M3 nut and
bolt will work to secure the terminals to the copper pads; but
Midé uses two from McMaster: 90128A187 and 90591A121.
Proper mounting torque of 1 N-m (8.85 in-lb) should be used.
Two cables are included as part of the PPA-9001 clamping kit
and not offered for individual sale. One cable is approximately
150 mm (6 inches) and the other is approximately 1.8 meters
(6 feet). A simple drawing of the cable is provided in Figure 57.
M3 Ring Terminal
5x
3x
Description:
Drw:
App:
Date
Units:
Tolerances
Material:
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any repr
without the written permission of Midé Technology
Scale:
All of the PPA products can be connected to with spring loaded
contacts, or pogo pins. There are a number of products on the
market that work well but Midé has had good experience with the
products made by Mill-Max. It is recommended to apply some
insulating potting compound around the contacts to protect them
in long term operation and against shock and vibration.
0.6
22 AWG
Figure 57: PPA-7001 cable incorporates two M3 ring terminals
and either a 1.8 meter or 150 mm cable length. Dimensions are
provided in mm.
Be sure to apply some electrical tape or insulating epoxy over
the connections to prevent them from shorting to one another
or person. S. Hanly
MM
Engineering & Approvals
Eng:
PPA-7001
Rev: 1
M3 Screw Terminals to Bare Wire Cable
Drw:
App:
Date
Units:
Tolerances
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX 0.010
Material:
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this drawing is the sole
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduction in part or in whole
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corporation is prohibited.
Scale:
1:2
Sheet:
1 of 1
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
48 of 70
1:1
3.0 ELECTRICAL CONNECTION
3.6 IC HOOK AND ALLIGATOR
CLIPS
IC hooks can be used for quick connection to all of these products
but the hook can become disconnected rather easily. The PPA1001 product has raised bumps that enables connection with an
alligator clip. Alligator clips are difficult to connect with for the
other products.
Figure 59: Simple alligator clips and/or IC hooks can be used for
quick and simple testing. These are not advisable as long term
connection solutions.
3.7 CONNECTORS
Midé can include a connector with each unit but this involves
a custom design. Some of Midé’s previous QuickPack and
Volture products had connectors similar to these Flat Flex Cable
Connectors. Midé has also utilized the flex circuit to design in
a flat flex cable to be plugged directly into a ZIF connector. If a
built in connector or some other alternative electrical termination
method is desired, a custom solution can be designed. There will
be an NRE of over $2K for such a design. See Section 7 for more
information and an example photo.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
49 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
4.1 PPA-9001 CLAMP KIT
Effective clamping is vital for the piezo products to perform
properly. If these products are used in a cantilever configuration
it is strongly recommended to purchase a PPA-9001 general
purpose kit, or PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit during initial product
evaluation.
4.1.1. LIST OF CONTENTS
The PPA-9001 clamp kit includes all the necessary materials
and parts to get started with testing and evaluating the piezo
product. This kit was designed for initial testing and feasibility
analysis; but it can also be incorporated into your end product/
system. Midé also offers design services if a modified clamp
configuration is required. Figure 60 and Table 2 list and identify
the contents of this kit.
Table 2: PPA-9001 Clamp Kit Contents.
Description
Part Number
Quantity
Nut Driver (5.5 mm)
52965A17
1
Hex Key (2.5 mm)
5334A32
1
Orange Electrical Tape (0.75”x 22 yards)
7619A19
1
Vibra-Title Reusable Threadlocker
75145A68
1
M3 Bolt, 5mm Long (Ultra Corrosion Resistant Steel)
91274A101
20
0.7
M3 Bolt, 12mm Long (Ultra Corrosion Resistant Steel)
91274A106
20
1.0
M3 Bolt, 20mm Long (Ultra Corrosion Resistant Steel)
91274A109
5
1.4
M3 Nut (Zinc Plated Steel)
90591A121
100
0.4
M3 Washer (Zinc Plated Steel)
91166A210
100
0.2
Magnet w/M3 Through Hole, 8.8 lb of Pull Force
MM-B-16
8
5.7
Clamp Base (Glass Filled Nylon-12)
PPA-5001
1
Clamp Bar (Aluminum 6061, 1/16” Thick)
PPA-5002
2
Tip Mass Accessory (Aluminum 6061, 1/16” Thick)
PPA-5003
2
M3 Ring Terminals to Bare Wire Cable, 1.8 meters (6 feet)
PPA-7001-1800
1
M3 Ring Terminals to Bare Wire Cable, 150mm (6 in)
PPA-7001-0150
1
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
Mass (g)
50 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
Figure 61: Dimensions (mm) of the PA-5001 clamp base are
provided. This base provides interfaces to clamp the piezo
products, secure ring terminals, utilize mounting magnets, bolt
the base down to another structure, and interfaces to secure a
PCB to the top.
62.5
3.2
If additional hardware is desired, all hardware is available through
McMaster-Carr and the part numbers listed in Table 2 are the
distributor part numbers. Additional magnets can be purchased
through K&J Magnetics. LEDs are purchased through Digi-Key.
The bolts, nuts, washers, and magnets can be used as tip masses
for tuning your piezo product. Each product has at least one hole
at the tip for mounting these components. The PPA-5003 tip mass
mounting accessory has a 3x7 grid of holes meant for mating
with a PPA product and providing greater customization of where
tip masses are located.
The boundary conditions at the clamping line is critical for optimal
performance; therefore Midé uses aluminum 6061 for the PPA5002 clamp bar. In order to ensure vibrations are not dampened
through the clamp base, the PPA-5001 base piece is 3D printed
from a stiff glass filled nylon material. These are 3D printed with
laser sintering to keep costs down. The 3D model of this assembly
and components is available to download here. Dimensions for
the two parts are provided in Figure 61 and Figure 62.
0
Figure 62: The dimensions (mm) of the PPA-5002 clamp bar
are provided.
4.1.2. CLAMP LOCATION
Engineering & Approvals
Date
Aluminum 6061
These PPA products were designed for threeMMclamp locations.
PPA-5002
3
These clamp lines are detailed on the drawing for each product and
2:1
Scale:
shown below with the PPA-9001 clamping kit. The middle clamp
location (Clamp 0) is the default position for all products. With this
clamp line 5.3 mm (0.21 in) of the piezo wafer is clamped. This
ensures adequate strain in the piezo during energy harvesting and
sensing. It also provides a secure moment for delivering high force
output in actuation. Clamp 6 extends 6mm toward the tip of the
piezo pack. This clamp location is useful when trying to increase
the resonant frequency of the beam. Clamp -6 extends 6mm away
from the tip of the piezo beam. With this clamp configuration the
piezo wafer is not directly clamped. This is ideal for applications
where displacement performance is paramount. Not clamping on
the piezo makes the pack much less stiff, and thus drives down
the resonant frequency. Due to the decreased strain delivered to
the piezo it also lengthens the lifetime of the pack. This clamp
location is not recommended for energy harvesting, sensing, or
force delivery applications due to the lack of strain.
Eng: S. Hanly
Part Number:
Description:
10.5
31.3
Figure 60: All individual hardware components of the clamp kit
are shown.
26.8
8.0
Rev:
Clamp Bar for Piezo Standard Products
Drw:
App:
Units:
Tolerances
Unless otherwise specified dimensions
are in inches and tolerances are:
Linear
Angular
.X
0.1
.X 0.1
.XX
0.05
.XXX
0.010
Material:
Midé Proprietary: Any information contained in this drawing is the sole
property of Midé Technology Corporation. Any reproduction in part or in whole
without the written permission of Midé Technology Corporation is prohibited.
Figure 63: The three clamp locations are shown for the PPA
products.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
51 of 70
Sheet:
1 of 1
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
The PPA-1001 does not have the same configuration as the other
products and thus only can utilize two of the clamp locations as
shown in Figure 64. To mount the PPA product, press the back
edge of the beam against the alignment pins so that they are
tangent. Midé also recommends that a layer of electrical tape be
placed over the contacts pads on the PPA-1001. The PPA-5002
clamp bar is conductive so great care should be made to ensure
that it does not short out the two contact pads.
Figure 65: Clamping the piezo products is possible with two
recessed nuts, two M3 12mm bolts, two PPA-5002 clamp bars
and the PPA-5001 clamp base.
Figure 64: The PPA-1001 only utilizes the Clamp 0 and Clamp
6 locations.
CAUTION: The PPA-1001 cannot be clamped in the Clamp
-6 location. Failure to put electric tape over the contact
pads of the product can result in the PPA-5002 clamp bar
shorting the piezo. This can damage the drive electronics
and/or result in no output for energy harvesting or sensing
applications.
4.1.3. CLAMPING INSTRUCTIONS
Clamping the products is made easy with the PPA-5001 clamp
base and PPA-5002 clamp bars. Select the desirable clamp
location and align one clamp bar with the side alignment pins at
the desired location. Then place the piezo beam on top of the clamp
bar, using the alignment pins at the back of the clamp base. The
second clamp bar is then placed on top, using the side alignment
pins. Two 12mm M3 bolts can then be screwed down after nuts
are placed in the bottom nut recesses. These recessed areas
keep the nuts captive so that the bolts can be screwed down.
The recommended torque that should be used is 1 N-m (8.85
in-lb). If a torque wrench is not available be sure to just use the
provided hex key T handle and hand tighten to ensure the bolts
are not over tightened and damage the piezo.
CAUTION: Over tightening the bolts could damage the piezo.
Most applications that require these piezo products will have heavy
vibration either from the piezos or environmental vibration that the
piezos are sensing/harvesting from. Vibration can often loosen
bolts over time which is why threadlocker is included with each
kit. This threadlocker is reusable for testing and evaluation; but for
long term testing Midé suggests a more permanent threadlocker
solution. It is imperative to use some form of threadlocker or the
boundary conditions at the clamp or tip mass can change with
time which will result in a change of performance over time.
4.1.4. EXAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS
The PPA-9001 clamping kit was designed for evaluation purposes
and for Midé’s wide range of customers and end applications.
Therefore it was designed to be used in a great number of different
configurations. Not only are there different clamp lines, there are
different methods of mounting the base to your vibrating structure
and mounting electronics or other hardware to the clamp base.
Figure 66 provides some example mounting methods.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
52 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
Figure 66: Various methods of securing the clamp base to its
intended surface/structure and/or methods of securing a PCB or
other hardware to the base are shown.
The clamp base was also designed to hold more than one product
at a time. This could be useful if you are looking to expand
the frequency bandwidth (have several units tuned to different
frequencies) for example. Figure 67 shows how several products
can be clamped with one clamp assembly.
4.2 PPA-9004 CLAMP ENCLOSURE KIT
Similar to the PPA-9001 kit, the PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit
is a valuable tool in evaluating and using Midé’s piezo products.
Designed for the PPA-X014 and PPA-X022 devices, the PPA-9004
kit includes a versatile clamp enclosure, which can be used to
test the devices in a number of configurations. The PPA-9004, is
particularly suited for usage cases which can benefit from having
a self-contained device, such as haptic feedback and vibration
energy harvesting.
4.2.1 LIST OF CONTENTS
Figure 67: The PPA-5001 clamp base can hold one of the two of
the PPA-1014 and PPA-2014 products and three of the PPA-1021
and PPA-1022 products as shown.
There are a host of other configurations that can be used with this
clamp kit, including stacking of several bases onto one-another
(longer bolts may be required)! Midé encourages you to be creative
and would love to hear/see what you created!
The PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit includes a collection of
components useful in testing the smaller PPA actuators (PPA1014, 2014, 1022). Similar to the PPA-9001 clamp kit, the
PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit was designed for initial testing
and feasibility analysis; but it can also be incorporated into your
end product/system. Figure 68, and Table 3 list and identify the
contents of this kit.
Table 3: PPA-9004 Clamp Kit Contents.
Type
Description
Part Number
Quantity
3/32” Ball-end L-keys
Steel
5503A16, McMaster
1
Precise-Control Screwdriver
0.079” Slotted
52985A12, McMaster
1
Electrical Tape
Orange Electrical Tape ¾” Wide, 22 yds long
7619A19, McMaster
1
M3 Nut
316 Stainless Steel
94150A325, McMaster
20
4-40 Nut
316 Stainless Steel
90257A005, McMaster
10
M3 Bolt, 6mm
316 Stainless Steel
90116A151, McMaster
10
M3 Flat Head Bolt, 10mm
316 Stainless Steel
91801A156, McMaster
10
4-40 7/8” Socket Head Cap Screw
316 Stainless Steel
92185A113, McMaster
10
Enclosure Bottom
PA 850 (Black Nylon-11) SLS
PPA-5008, Midé
2
Enclosure Top
Watershed XC 11122 Normal Res SLA
PPA-5009, Midé
1
Clamp Plate (-6mm)
6061 Aluminum, 1/8” thick
PPA-5005, Midé
2
Clamp Plate (0mm)
6061 Aluminum, 1/8” thick
PPA-5004 or PPA-5006, Midé
2
Tip Mass Accessory
Rubber Button
95495K2, McMaster
2
Tip Mass Accessory
Magnet
MM-B-16, K&J Magnetics
1
Strain Relief
Rubber Cable Strain Relief
1467094, ISC Engineering
2
Cable
2 conductor cable
E1002S-1000-ND, Digikey
2
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
53 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
terminals and washers), please contact Midé for instructions. For
the default soldered wire connection, the enclosure kit comes with
wires with rubber strain relief. The strain relief is compression fit
into a slot on the side of the base and top.
The 3D models of the assembly and components are available to
download here. Dimensions for the parts are provided in Figure
69, Figure 70, and Figure 71.
Figure 68: The hardware components of the clamp enclosure
kit are shown. For simplicity the actual wiring, and some of the
repeated bolts etc are not shown.
Some of the enclosure kit components are custom Midé parts,
but the majority of the hardware is commercially available through
McMaster, K&J Magnetics, ISC Engineering, and Digikey. The part
numbers listed in Table 3 are the distributor part numbers, or Midé
part numbers for the custom pieces. The bolts, nuts, washers,
and magnets can be used as tip masses for tuning your piezo
product. Also, a rubber bumper is included, which may be useful
for tactile/haptic feedback, damper, sealing or other applications.
The non-COTS clamp enclosure kit pieces are the two enclosure
“bases” made from 3D printed black SLS material, the clear 3D
printed SLA enclosure top, and water-jet cut aluminum 6061
clamp plates (-6mm, and 0mm pairs). The enclosure is designed
such that a piezo is fitted between two matching clamp plates
and mounted onto one of the “bases”. Depending on the desired
configuration, either the clear top or the other base can be fitted
on the bottom base to complete an enclosure. The thinner clear
top has a small hole, which is designed to be used with the
included bumper. This configuration may be useful to evaluate
tactile feedback. Alternatively, the other black base can be fitted
onto the bottom base, to construct a thicker but more versatile
enclosure from a mounting hardware perspective. Although not
included in the kit, the enclosure kit can also accept clamp plates
for the +6mm clamp position.
The PPA-9004 enclosure assembly is designed primarily for
actuators with soldered wires; where-as the PPA-9001 clamp kit
is designed primarily for ring terminal connections. That being
said, the 9004 kit does have accommodations in the base design
for a ring terminal like alternative connection approach (using
non-conductive bolts/nuts [for voltage protection] and conductive
Figure 69: PPA-5008 clamp enclosure base and PPA-5009 clamp
enclosure top are shown above. This base provides interfaces
to clamp the piezo products, incorporate the wiring strain relief,
utilize mounting magnets, bolt the base down to another structure,
and secure the top, the mirrored base or even a PCB to the top.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
54 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
Figure 71: The dimensions (mm) of the PPA-5005 (-6mm) clamp
plate, and PPA-5006 (0mm clamp plate). Note, the enclosure kit
may be supplied with the PPA-5004 (0mm clamp plate, 3 holes),
in place of the PPA-5006 at Mide’s discretion.
Figure 70: Dimensions (mm) of the PPA-5008 clamp enclosure
base and PPA-5009 clamp enclosure top are shown above.
4.2.2 CLAMP LOCATIONS
The PPA products were designed for three clamp locations.
These clamp lines are detailed on the drawing for each product
and shown below with the PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit base.
The middle clamp location (Clamp 0) is the default position for
all products. With this clamp line 5.3 mm (0.21 in) of the piezo
wafer is clamped. This ensures adequate strain in the piezo during
energy harvesting and sensing. It also provides a secure moment
for delivering high force output in actuation. Clamp +6 extends
6mm toward the tip of the piezo pack. This clamp location is
useful when trying to increase the resonant frequency of the beam.
Clamp -6 retracts 6mm away from the tip of the piezo beam. With
this clamp configuration the piezo wafer is not directly clamped.
This is ideal for applications where displacement performance
is paramount. Not clamping on the piezo makes the pack much
less stiff, and thus drives down the resonant frequency. Due to
the decreased strain delivered to the piezo it also lengthens the
lifetime of the pack. This clamp location is recommended for
actuation requiring larger deflections. For the PPA-9004, two
clamp plates are used. The bottom plate offsets the actuator off
of the base slightly; the base was designed this way to improve
test modularity with other clamp positions.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
55 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
Figure 72: The three clamp locations are shown for the PPA
products.
4.2.3 CLAMPING INSTRUCTIONS
The PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit relies on sets of machined
clamp plates, designed to clamp the actuators in the different
clamp locations (-6mm, 0mm, +6mm) and onto the base. This
differs from the approach with the PPA-9001 kits’ movable clamp
bar. The clamp plates allow the overall width of the enclosure to
be smaller. However, similarly to the PPA-9001 base design, the
PPA-5008 base includes alignment dowels to set the actuators and
clamp plates onto the base. In setting up the basic configuration,
first start with placing the desired clamp plate (the kit includes
only the -6mm, and 0mm clamps at this time), into the enclosure
base using the alignment pins as guides. Then using the same
alignment pins place the chosen actuator onto the base and bottom
clamp plate. The second matching clamp plate is then placed on
top of the piezo, again using alignment pin dowels. Finally, three
6mm long low profile M3 bolts are used to clamp the clamp plates
and actuator to the base via M3 nuts captured in the bottom of
the base nut recesses. The recommended torque that should be
used is 1 N-m (8.85 in-lb). If a torque wrench is not available be
sure to just use the provided hex key T handle and hand tighten
to ensure the bolts are not over tightened and damage the piezo.
Figure 73: Clamping the piezo products is possible with three
recessed nuts, three low profile M3 bolts, two clamp plates (-6mm
PPA-5005 shown) and the PPA-5008 clamp enclosure base. Left:
PPA-X014. Right: PPA-X022.
CAUTION: Over tightening the bolts could damage the piezo.
Similar to the general purpose clamp kit, Midé has included
threadlocker in the enclosure kit, such that vibrations do not
loosen the bolts over time. This threadlocker is reusable for testing
and evaluation; but for long term testing Midé suggests a more
permanent threadlocker solution. It is imperative to use some
form of threadlocker or the boundary conditions at the clamp or
tip mass can change with time which will result in a change of
performance over time.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
56 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
4.2.4 EXAMPLE CONFIGURATIONS
The PPA-9004 clamp enclosure kit was primarily designed for
haptic/tactile feedback and energy harvesting evaluation purposes,
but it can support other general purpose usage. The kit comes
with two “bases” and one “top”. Effectively, one could make two
different enclosures with the kit; one using one of the bases and
the clear top, the other with two of the bases. These two primary
configurations are shown in Figure 74.
Figure 75: Actuator clamp configuration using only the mounting
hardware and -6mm clamp plates. Left: PPA-X014. Right: PPA-X022
Figure 74: Left: Enclosure clamp base with thinner clear top
paired with tactile bumper. Right: Enclosure clamp where two
“bases” are used to create an enclosure.
Both configurations are shown with the bumper or mass on top;
however, masses could also be added to the bottom of the actuator
to manipulate resonance and performance. Make sure to account
for actuator/mass/bumper swing when mounting these devices.
The enclosures (especially when using the bumper and clear top)
are designed to allow the bumper or mass to swing outward and
beyond the envelope of the device.
As two clamp plates are used in the enclosure design, one could
also forego the base entirely, and create a very simple clamp, with
just the actuator, clamp plates, M3 bolts and nuts. See Figure
75 for examples.
CAUTION: To avoid being shocked, make sure that you never
touch the electrical pads when energized, and make sure
clamping hardware is not shorting in any way to the pads. It is
wise to use the orange electrical tape to insulate the pads of
the PPA device during use, especially if you choose to try the
configuration in Figure 67.
There are many other configurations possible with the clamp
enclosure kit. If designing our actuators into your own custom
enclosure, you can even incorporate the clamp plates or use them
as a mounting template in your design. Interesting side note, Midé
designed the enclosure(s) and its mounting holes to match the
Slam Stick data logger sensing products. So it is feasible to mount
the devices together!
4.2.5 PPA-5003 TIP MASS
ACCESSORY
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
57 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
The PPA-5003 tip mass mounting accessory provides a 3x7
grid of M3 mounting holes for mating to the PPA products
and adding tip mass in many different configurations.
This plate is water jet cut from aluminum 6061.
Figure 77: The PPA-5003 is shown here extending the beam
of a PPA-1011 product to reduce the resonant frequency.
Figure 78: The PPA-5003 is shown here with tap masses mounted next
to the PPA-1011 product to induce a shaking/twisting mode instead
of the pure bending more. This will induce more strain in the piezo.
Figure 76: The PPA-5003 tip mass mounting accessory
provides a 3x7 grid of M3 mounting holes for mating to
the PPA products and adding tip mass in many different
configurations. This is water jet cut from aluminum 6061.
Dimensions are listed in both millimeters and inches.
This grid can be used to extend the beam length of the piezo which
can reduce the resonance dramatically, important for a lot of folks
interested in human based vibration. It can also be used to induce
a more “rocking” mode shape than strictly a bending one which
can create more strain in the piezo. Due to its grid like pattern it
can also be used to connect a number of PPA products for very
interesting harvesting potential and haptic feedback control. Get
creative with this accessory and let Midé know how you used it!
Figure 79: The PPA-5003 is shown with several products
all connected to it. This highlights how the accessory
can be used to pair different products and potentially
expand the bandwidth of harvestable frequencies.
4.3 PPA-5004/5/6/7 CLAMP
PLATES
The clamp bars included in the PPA-9001 kit are very versatile
from a configuration and trialing perspective. The PPA-9001 kit
is even a viable solution for small to medium volume production
runs. However, a different clamping solution may be desired for
larger production runs or space constrained implementations.
Due to this, Midé has designed several sets of clamp plates that
provide a narrower clamp solution for the PPA actuators. The
PPA-5004, 5005, 5006, and 5007 clamp plates are water jet cut
from aluminum 6061 and can be used to clamp the PPA-X011,
PPA-X014, and PPA-102X products. M3 bolts or 4-40 bolts
can be used for clamping (follow clamp instructions presented
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
58 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
in Section 4.1.3). There are three half circles meant to be used
with M2 dowel pins (5/64” can also be used) to properly align
the edge of the clamp with the piezo. Each of the clamp plates
clamp the PPA actuators at a specific clamp line, (-6mm PPA5005, 0mm PPA-5004/6, +6mm PPA-5007). If a different
clamp location is needed, contact Midé for more information.
Notes: A set of PPA-5005 (-6mm) and PPA-5004 or 5006 clamp
plates are included in the PPA-9004 enclosure kit. The PPA-5004
and PPA-5006 clamp plates are identical, except the PPA-5006 has
five holes instead of three. The PPA-5005/6/7 clamp plates have
5 holes to allow more flexibility in possible custom piezo designs.
Figure 80: The PPA-5004/5/6/7 clamp plates are low profile
clamp solutions for designing directly into an end system.
Top: PPA-5004 0mm clamp, Bottom (Left to Right): PPA-5005
[-6mm], PPA-5006 [0mm, 5 holes], PPA-5007 [+6mm].
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
59 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
4.4 TUNING
To ensure the most efficient energy harvesting (or tip deflection)
it is essential to tune the piezo beam’s natural frequency to
match that of the vibrating source (or drive frequency).
Tuning is performed in one of two ways: changing the clamp
position, or adding/subtracting tip mass. Each of the PPA
products include at least one hole at the tip so that tip masses
can be adequately secured and in a repeatable location.
c
4.4.1 CALCULATING THE
REQUIRED TIP MASS
In order to determine the appropriate clamp position and required
tip mass, Midé conveniently provided the effective stiffness (k)
and effective mass (m) of each product in each of the three
clamp configurations. The relationship between natural frequency
(f) and added tip mass (m_t) is provided in the following two
equations depending on what you’re solving for. Be sure to
convert the tip mass and effective mass to kilograms, not grams.
Figure 81: The PPA-2011 frequency range plot is provided as
an example.
Please note that the stiffness and effective mass for each product is
provided as a guide to estimate the required tip mass. The natural
frequency of each product is impacted by temperature, manufacturing
tolerances, clamp conditions, even the drive amplitude or vibration
amplitude. In energy harvesting applications the resonance can
change depending on the load being powered by the harvester.
It’s important to test each product in the desired operating
environment to accurately ensure proper tuning has been achieved.
Let’s use an example where we would like to tune the PPA-2011
product to 60 Hz. Referencing the resonant frequency range
plot (included again in Figure 81) we can see that each of the
three clamp locations can be tuned to 60 Hz. We decide to
use the Clamp 0 location because we know Clamp -6 provides
little strain in the piezo and the Clamp 6 location requires much
more tip mass than Clamp 0. Referencing the effective stiffness
and mass from the product’s specifications we calculate the
required tip mass as shown, which comes to 3.4 grams.
Also note that these tip mass equations only work when adding
tip mass centered over the tip mass holes on each product. If
you are using the PPA-5003 tip mass accessory to add mass at
other locations, these equations will be invalid. Also note that
asymmetric tip mass loading will be invalid for these equations.
4.4.2 ADDING TIP MASS
Each of the PPA products include at least one hole at the tip for
mounting tip masses. Included in the PPA-9001 kit are nuts,
bolts, washers, and magnets which can be used as tip masses;
but virtually anything can be used. Customers can make their
own tip mass structures to mate with these mounting holes
and provide the perfect amount of mass. It is important to use
threadlocker or some other adhesive once the tip mass has been
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
60 of 70
4.0 CLAMPING/MOUNTING
added so that the mass doesn’t come dislodged during operation.
4.5 BONDING
Midé encourages you to get creative with how tip mass is added.
Sometimes asymmetric loading can be beneficial because it
results in a twisting mode which can induce more strain in the
piezo. Use the PPA-5003 tip mass mounting accessory for more
customization and control on modal shapes and resonances.
Please share your configuration with Midé and other customers!
Midé’s recommends the LOCTITE® Hysol® E-120HP™ epoxy for
direct bonding of its PPA piezo products to a structure. This twopart, 24-hour cure, high-performance aerospace grade structural
epoxy provides excellent adhesion to the piezo polyimide and FR4
exteriors. Midé does not distribute the epoxy but it is available online.
4.4.3 DETERMININING THE
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
VIBRATION SOURCE
Each of the PPA products can be used as a sensor and the easiest
way to measure the frequency and amplitude of the vibration
source is to connect the output from the piezo to an oscilloscope.
The oscilloscope will measure the frequency of the vibration and
display a voltage output of the piezo. Referring to each products
sensitivity (so long as the frequency is below the specified upper
limit) will provide a rough estimate of the amplitude of the vibration.
Alternatively Midé offers a range of vibration data logging products,
the Slam Stick suite that incorporates the data acquisition,
sensors, and power into one small, easy to use solution. Free
analysis software is included so that FFTs can be generated
with data gather by the device to determine the relative strength
of each frequency. Also check out Midé’s Simple Harmonic
Motion calculator to learn more on the relationship between
acceleration, displacement, and velocity amplitude with frequency.
4.4.4 DETERMINING RESONANCE
OF THE PIEZO BEAM
The resonance of the beam is best determined by capturing
what frequency the device “rings out” after being excited by
a mechanical impulse. The easiest way to perform this type
of tuning is to properly mount and clamp the product to a rigid
structure. Next, attach the piezo's output directly to an oscilloscope
for monitoring Add the appropriate tip mass to the end of the
cantilevered beam, do not permanently adhere the tip mass yet.
Apply an impulse mechanical load by very lightly "flicking" the
end of the beam. This will cause the beam to "ring out". The
frequency of the decaying wave is the natural frequency that
the beam is currently tuned to. Add more mass to reduce the
resonance and subtract some to increase the natural frequency.
REVISION No. 003 | DATE: 01-27-2017 | Web: www.mide.com | Contact Form: mide.com/contact-us
61 of 70
5.0 MATERIAL PROPERTIES
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
5.1 PIEZOELECTRIC PROPERTIES
Property
Symbol
Dielectric Constant (1KHz)
K
Dielectric Loss Factor (1KHz)
tanδe
Density
Units
PZT 5 A
PZT 5H
PMN-PT
1900
3800
5400
%
1.8
2.0
≤ 0.6
ρ
g/cm³
7.8
7.8
8.0
Curie Point
Tc
°C
350
225
>142
Mechanical Quality Factor
Qm
80
30
80
Coercive Field (Measured
