STC12C5410AD-35I-LQFP32

STC — 8051单片机全球第一品牌，全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 官方网站：www.STCMCU.com www.GXWMCU.com STC12C5410AD系列单片机器件手册 STC12C5401AD, STC12C5402AD, STC12C5404AD, STC12C5406AD, STC12C5408AD, STC12C5410AD, STC12C5412AD, C T S ---������������� 加������������ 密����������� 性强，有全球唯一ID号 ---1个时钟/机器周期8051 ---高速，高可靠 ---低功耗,超低价 ---强抗静电，强抗干扰 U C M STC12C5401 STC12C5402 STC12C5404 STC12C5406 STC12C5408 STC12C5410 STC12C5412 d e t i im L STC-ISP：最方便的在线升级软件,无需编程器，无需仿真器 STC——8051单片机全球第一品牌，全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 请同行不要再抄袭我们的设计、规格和管脚排列，再抄袭就很无耻了 全部中国本土独立自主知识产权，请全体中国人民支持，您的支持是中国本土 力量前进的����� 有力保证. 封装后，全部175oC八小时高温烘烤，高品质制造保证 技术支持网站：www.STCMCU.com www.GXWMCU.com Update date: 2015/8/10 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 技术支持QQ:800003751 TM STC micro 超强抗干扰，超级加密 8051单片机全球第一品牌，全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 全部中国大陆本土独立自主知识产权；品质保证：TSMC上海制造 宏 晶 科 技 www.STCMCU.com 官方网站： www.GXWMCU.com 南通 Tel: 0513-5501 2928 5501 2929 深圳 Tel: 0755-8294 8411 8294 8412 STC12C5410AD/2052AD系列 1T 8051 单片机，4路PWM/PCA，8路10位A/D 高速SPI ISP编程时可选择 时钟源是内部R/C 时钟还是外部时钟 监控程序 微处理器 超低功耗，超低价 STC 3组8位 P0 并行端口 P1 / P2 P1 高速(0-35M)，高可靠 P3(无P3.6) 超强抗干扰，超级加密 + P0.0 - P0.3 1T 8051单片机，最快指令快24倍 增加了内部低压检测复位，复位电压在ISP编程时可选 掉电模式： < >= equals not equals less than less than or equal to greater than greater than or equal to Note that for each operator, two forms are acceptable (e.g., "EQ" or "="). In the following examples, all relational tests are "true": MOV A, #5 = 5 MOV A,#5 NE 4 MOV A,# 'X' LT 'Z' MOV A,# 'X' >= 'X' MOV A,#$ > 0 MOV A,#100 GE 50 512 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 官方网站:www.STCMCU.com 技术支持QQ:800003751 STC — 全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 So, the assembled instructions are equal to MOV A, #0FFH Even though expressions evaluate to 16-bit results (i.e., 0FFFFH), in the examples above only the low-order eight bits are used, since the instruction is a move byte operation. The result is not considered too big in this case, because as signed numbers the 16-bit value FFFFH and the 8-bit value FFH are the same (-1). Expression Examples The following are examples of expressions and the values that result: Expression Result 'B' - 'A' 0001H 8/3 0002H 155 MOD 2 0001H 4 * 4 0010H 8 AND 7 0000H NOT 1 FFFEH 'A' SHL 8 4100H LOW 65535 00FFH (8 + 1) * 2 0012H 5 EQ 4 0000H 'A' LT 'B' FFFFH 3 < >= NOT AND OR XOR When operators of the same precedence are used, they are evaluated left to right. Examples: Expression Value HIGH ( 'A' SHL 8) 0041H HIGH 'A' SHL 8 0000H NOT 'A' - 1 FFBFH 'A' OR 'A' SHL 8 4141H 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 513 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 技术支持网站:www.GXWMCU.com 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 ASSEMBLER DIRECTIVES Assembler directives are instructions to the assembler program. They are not assembly language instructions executable by the target microprocessor. However, they are placed in the mnemonic field of the program. With the exception of DB and DW, they have no direct effect on the contents of memory. ASM51 provides several catagories of directives: Assembler state control (ORG, END, USING) Symbol definition (SEGMENT, EQU, SET, DATA, IDATA, XDATA, BIT, CODE) Storage initialization/reservation (DS, DBIT, DB, DW) Program linkage (PUBLIC, EXTRN,NAME) Segment selection (RSEG, CSEG, DSEG, ISEG, ESEG, XSEG) Each assembler directive is presented below, ordered by catagory. Assembler State Control . d e t i m ORG (Set Origin) The format for the ORG (set origin) directive is ORG expression The ORG directive alters the location counter to set a new program origin for statements that follow. A label is not permitted. Two examples follow. ORG ORG Li 100H ;SET LOCATION COUNTER TO 100H ($ + 1000H) AND 0F00H ;SET TO NEXT 4K BOUNDARY U C M The ORG directive can be used in any segment type. If the current segment is absolute, the value will be an absolute address in the current segment. If a relocatable segment is active, the value of the ORG expression is treated as an offset from the base address of the current instance of the segment. End END C T S The format of the END directive is END should be the last statement in the source file. No label is permitted and nothing beyond the END statement is processed by the assembler. Using The format of the END directive is USING expression This directive informs ASM51 of the currently active register bank. Subsequent uses of the predefined symbolic register addresses AR0 to AR7 will convert to the appropriate direct address for the active register bank. Consider the following sequence: USING PUSH USING PUSH 3 AR7 1 AR7 The first push above assembles to PUSH 1FH (R7 in bank 3), whereas the second push assembles to PUSH 0FH (R7 in bank 1). Note that USING does not actually switch register banks; it only informs ASM51 of the active bank. Executing 8051 instructions is the only way to switch register banks. This is illustrated by modifying the example above as follows: 514 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 MOV USING PUSH MOV USING PUSH 官方网站:www.STCMCU.com PSW, #00011000B 3 AR7 PSW, #00001000B 1 AR7 技术支持QQ:800003751 STC — 全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 ;SELECT REGISTER BANK 3 ;ASSEMBLE TO PUSH 1FH ;SELECT REGISTER BANK 1 ;ASSEMBLE TO PUSH 0FH Symbol Definition The symbol definition directives create symbols that represent segment, registers, numbers, and addresses. None of these directives may be preceded by a label. Symbols defined by these directives may not have been previously defined and may not be redefined by any means. The SET directive is the only exception. Symbol definiton directives are described below. Segment The format for the SEGMENT directive is shown below. symbol SEGMENT . d e t i m segment_type The symbol is the name of a relocatable segment. In the use of segments, ASM51 is more complex than conventional assemblers, which generally support only "code" and "data" segment types. However, ASM51 defines additional segment types to accommodate the diverse memory spaces in the 8051. The following are the defined 8051 segment types (memory spaces): U C M Li CODE (the code segment) XDATA (the external data space) DATA (the internal data space accessible by direct addressing, 00H–07H) IDATA (the entire internal data space accessible by indirect addressing, 00H–07H) BIT (the bit space; overlapping byte locations 20H–2FH of the internal data space) C T S For example, the statement EPROM SEGMENT CODE declares the symbol EPROM to be a SEGMENT of type CODE. Note that this statement simply declares what EPROM is. To actually begin using this segment, the RSEG directive is used (see below). EQU (Equate) Symbol The format for the EQU directive is EQU expression The EQU directive assigns a numeric value to a specified symbol name. The symbol must be a valid symbol name, and the expression must conform to the rules described earlier. The following are examples of the EQU directive: N27 EQU 27 HERE EQU $ CR EQU 0DH MESSAGE: DB 'This is a message' LENGTH EQU $ - MESSAGE ;SET N27 TO THE VALUE 27 ;SET "HERE" TO THE VALUE OF ;THE LOCATION COUNTER ;SET CR (CARRIAGE RETURN) TO 0DH ;"LENGTH" EQUALS LENGTH OF "MESSAGE" Other Symbol Definition Directives The SET directive is similar to the EQU directive except the symbol may be redefined later, using another SET directive. 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 515 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 技术支持网站:www.GXWMCU.com 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 The DATA, IDATA, XDATA, BIT, and CODE directives assign addresses of the corresponding segment type to a symbol. These directives are not essential. A similar effect can be achieved using the EQU directive; if used, however, they evoke powerful type-checking by ASM51. Consider the following two directives and four instructions: FLAG1 FLAG2 EQU BIT SETB SETB MOV MOV 05H 05H FLAG1 FLAG2 FLAG1, #0 FLAG2, #0 The use of FLAG2 in the last instruction in this sequence will generate a "data segment address expected" error message from ASM51. Since FLAG2 is defined as a bit address (using the BIT directive), it can be used in a set bit instruction, but it cannot be used in a move byte instruction. Hence, the error. Even though FLAG1 represents the same value (05H), it was defined using EQU and does not have an associated address space. This is not an advantage of EQU, but rather, a disadvantage. By properly defining address symbols for use in a specific memory space (using the directives BIT, DATA, XDATA,ect.), the programmer takes advantage of ASM51's powerful type-checking and avoids bugs from the misuse of symbols. Storage Initialization/Reservation U C M . d e t i m Li The storage initialization and reservation directives initialize and reserve space in either word, byte, or bit units. The space reserved starts at the location indicated by the current value of the location counter in the currently active segment. These directives may be preceded by a label. The storage initialization/reservation directives are described below. C T S DS (Define Storage) [label:] The format for the DS (define storage) directive is DS expression The DS directive reserves space in byte units. It can be used in any segment type except BIT. The expression must be a valid assemble-time expression with no forward references and no relocatable or external references. When a DS statement is encountered in a program, the location counter of the current segment is incremented by the value of the expression. The sum of the location counter and the specified expression should not exceed the limitations of the current address space. The following statement create a 40-byte buffer in the internal data segment: LENGTH BUFFER: DSEG AT 30H EQU 40 DS LENGRH ;PUT IN DATA SEGMENT (ABSOLUTE, INTERNAL) ;40 BYTES RESERVED The label BUFFER represents the address of the first location of reserved memory. For this example, the buffer begins at address 30H because "AT 30H" is specified with DSEG. The buffer could be cleared using the following instruction sequence: LOOP: 516 MOV R7, MOV R0, MOV @R0, DJNZ R7, (continue) 南通国芯微电子有限公司 #LENGTH #BUFFER #0 LOOP 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 官方网站:www.STCMCU.com 技术支持QQ:800003751 STC — 全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 To create a 1000-byte buffer in external RAM starting at 4000H, the following directives could be used: XSTART XLENGTH XBUFFER: EQU 4000H EQU 1000 XSEG AT DS XLENGTH XSTART This buffer could be cleared with the following instruction sequence: LOOP: MOV DPTR, #XBUFFER CLR A MOVX @DPTR, A INC DPTR MOV A, DPL CJNE A, #LOW (XBUFFER + XLENGTH + 1), LOOP MOV A, DPH CJNE A, #HIGH (XBUFFER + XLENGTH + 1), LOOP (continue) . d e t i m This is an excellent example of a powerful use of ASM51's operators and assemble-time expressions. Since an instruction does not exist to compare the data pointer with an immediate value, the operation must be fabricated from available instructions. Two compares are required, one each for the high- and low-bytes of the DPTR. Furthermore, the compare-and-jump-if-not-equal instruction works only with the accumulator or a register, so the data pointer bytes must be moved into the accumulator before the CJNE instruction. The loop terminates only when the data pointer has reached XBUFFER + LENGTH + 1. (The "+1" is needed because the data pointer is incremented after the last MOVX instruction.) DBIT C T S U C M Li The format for the DBIT (define bit) directive is, [label:] DBIT expression The DBIT directive reserves space in bit units. It can be used only in a BIT segment. The expression must be a valid assemble-time expression with no forward references. When the DBIT statement is encountered in a program, the location counter of the current (BIT) segment is incremented by the value of the expression. Note that in a BIT segment, the basic unit of the location counter is bits rather than bytes. The following directives creat three flags in a absolute bit segment: KEFLAG: PRFLAG: DKFLAG: BSEG DBIT 1 DBIT 1 DBIT 1 ;BIT SEGMENT (ABSOLUTE) ;KEYBOARD STATUS ;PRINTER STATUS ;DISK STATUS Since an address is not specified with BSEG in the example above, the address of the flags defined by DBIT could be determined (if one wishes to to so) by examining the symbol table in the .LST or .M51 files. If the definitions above were the first use of BSEG, then KBFLAG would be at bit address 00H (bit 0 of byte address 20H). If other bits were defined previously using BSEG, then the definitions above would follow the last bit defined. DB (Define Byte) [label:] The format for the DB (define byte) directive is, DB expression [, expression] […] The DB directive initializes code memory with byte values. Since it is used to actually place data constants in code memory, a CODE segment must be active. The expression list is a series of one or more byte values (each of which may be an expression) separated by commas. 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 517 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 技术支持网站:www.GXWMCU.com 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 The DB directive permits character strings (enclosed in single quotes) longer than two characters as long as they are not part of an expression. Each character in the string is converted to the corresponding ASCII code. If a label is used, it is assigned the address of th first byte. For example, the following statements SQUARES: MESSAGE: CSEG AT 0100H DB 0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25 DB 'Login:', 0 ;SQUARES OF NUMBERS 0-5 ;NULL-TERMINATED CHARACTER STRING When assembled, result in the following hexadecimal memory assignments for external code memory: Address 0100 0101 0102 0103 0104 0105 0106 0107 0108 0109 010A 010B 010C Contents 00 01 04 09 10 19 4C 6F 67 69 6E 3A 00 DW (Define Word) [label:] U C M . d e t i m Li The format for the DW (define word) directive is C T S DW expression [, expression] […] The DW directive is the same as the DB directive except two memory locations (16 bits) are assigned for each data item. For example, the statements CSEG DW AT 200H $, 'A', 1234H, 2, 'BC' result in the following hexadecimal memory assignments: Address 0200 0201 0202 0203 0204 0205 0206 0207 0208 0209 Contents 02 00 00 41 12 34 00 02 42 43 Program Linkage Program linkage directives allow the separately assembled modules (files) to communicate by permitting intermodule references and the naming of modules. In the following discussion, a "module" can be considered a "file." (In fact, a module may encompass more than one file.) 518 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 Public 官方网站:www.STCMCU.com 技术支持QQ:800003751 STC — 全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 The format for the PUBLIC (public symbol) directive is PUBLIC symbol [, symbol] […] The PUBLIC directive allows the list of specified symbols to known and used outside the currently assembled module. A symbol declared PUBLIC must be defined in the current module. Declaring it PUBLIC allows it to be referenced in another module. For example, PUBLIC Extrn INCHAR, OUTCHR, INLINE, OUTSTR The format for the EXTRN (external symbol) directive is EXTRN segment_type (symbol [, symbol] […], …) The EXTRN directive lists symbols to be referenced in the current module that are defined in other modules. The list of external symbols must have a segment type associated with each symbol in the list. (The segment types are CODE, XDATA, DATA, IDATA, BIT, and NUMBER. NUMBER is a type-less symbol defined by EQU.) The segment type indicates the way a symbol may be used. The information is important at link-time to ensure symbols are used properly in different modules. The PUBLIC and EXTRN directives work together. Consider the two files, MAIN.SRC and MESSAGES. SRC. The subroutines HELLO and GOOD_BYE are defined in the module MESSAGES but are made available to other modules using the PUBLIC directive. The subroutines are called in the module MAIN even though they are not defined there. The EXTRN directive declares that these symbols are defined in another module. MAIN.SRC: EXTRN … CALL … CALL … END HELLO: GOOD_BYE: Li CODE (HELLO, GOOD_BYE) C T S MESSAGES.SRC: U C M . d e t i m HELLO GOOD_BYE PUBLIC HELLO, GOOD_BYE … (begin subroutine) … RET (begin subroutine) … RET … END Neither MAIN.SRC nor MESSAGES.SRC is a complete program; they must be assembled separately and linked together to form an executable program. During linking, the external references are resolved with correct addresses inserted as the destination for the CALL instructions. Name The format for the NAME directive is NAME module_name 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 519 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 技术支持网站:www.GXWMCU.com 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 All the usual rules for symbol names apply to module names. If a name is not provided, the module takes on the file name (without a drive or subdirectory specifier and without an extension). In the absence of any use of the NAME directive, a program will contain one module for each file. The concept of "modules," therefore, is somewhat cumbersome, at least for relatively small programming problems. Even programs of moderate size (encompassing, for example, several files complete with relocatable segments) needn't use the NAME directive and needn't pay any special attention to the concept of "modules." For this reason, it was mentioned in the definition that a module may be considered a "file," to simplify learning ASM51. However, for very large programs (several thousand lines of code, or more), it makes sense to partition the problem into modules, where, for example, each module may encompass several files containing routines having a common purpose. Segment Selection Directives When the assembler encounters a segment selection directive, it diverts the following code or data into the selected segment until another segment is selected by a segment selection directive. The directive may select may select a previously defined relocatable segment or optionally create and select absolute segments. RSEG (Relocatable Segment) RSEG . d e t i m The format for the RSEG (relocatable segment) directive is segment_name Li Where "segment_name" is the name of a relocatable segment previously defined with the SEGMENT directive. RSEG is a "segment selection" directive that diverts subsequent code or data into the named segment until another segment selection directive is encountered. Selecting Absolute Segments U C M RSEG selects a relocatable segment. An "absolute" segment, on the other hand, is selected using one of the directives: CSEG DSEG ISEG BSEG XSEG C T S (AT (AT (AT (AT (AT address) address) address) address) address) These directives select an absolute segment within the code, internal data, indirect internal data, bit, or external data address spaces, respectively. If an absolute address is provided (by indicating "AT address"), the assembler terminates the last absolute address segment, if any, of the specified segment type and creates a new absolute segment starting at that address. If an absolute address is not specified, the last absolute segment of the specified type is continuted. If no absolute segment of this type was previously selected and the absolute address is omitted, a new segment is created starting at location 0. Forward references are not allowed and start addresses must be absolute. Each segment has its own location counter, which is always set to 0 initially. The default segment is an absolute code segment; therefore, the initial state of the assembler is location 0000H in the absolute code segment. When another segment is chosen for the first time, the location counter of the former segment retains the last active value. When that former segment is reselected, the location counter picks up at the last active value. The ORG directive may be used to change the location counter within the currently selected segment. ASSEMBLER CONTROLS Assembler controls establish the format of the listing and object files by regulating the actions of ASM51. For the most part, assembler controls affect the look of the listing file, without having any affect on the program itself. They can be entered on the invocation line when a program is assembled, or they can be placed in the source file. Assembler controls appearing in the source file must be preceded with a dollor sign and must begin in column 1. 520 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 官方网站:www.STCMCU.com 技术支持QQ:800003751 STC — 全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 There are two categories of assembler controls: primary and general. Primary controls can be placed in the invocation line or at the beginnig of the source program. Only other primary controls may precede a primary control. General controls may be placed anywhere in the source program. LINKER OPERATION In developing large application programs, it is common to divide tasks into subprograms or modules containing sections of code (usually subroutines) that can be written separately from the overall program. The term "modular programming" refers to this programming strategy. Generally, modules are relocatable, meaning they are not intended for a specific address in the code or data space. A linking and locating program is needed to combine the modules into one absolute object module that can be executed. Intel's RL51 is a typical linker/locator. It processes a series of relocatable object modules as input and creates an executable machine language program (PROGRAM, perhaps) and a listing file containing a memory map and symbol table (PROGRAM.M51). This is illustrated in following figure. . d e t i m PROGRAM.ABS FILE3.OBJ FILE2.OBJ RL51 FILE1.OBJ Legend Utility program User file C T S CU M Li PROGRAM.MAP Linker operation As relocatable modules are combined, all values for external symbols are resolved with values inserted into the output file. The linker is invoked from the system prompt by RL51 input_list [T0 output_file] [location_controls] The input_list is a list of relocatable object modules (files) separated by commas. The output_list is the name of the output absolute object module. If none is supplied, it defaults to the name of the first input file without any suffix. The location_controls set start addresses for the named segments. For example, suppose three modules or files (MAIN.OBJ, MESSAGES.OBJ, and SUBROUTINES.OBJ) are to be combined into an executable program (EXAMPLE), and that these modules each contain two relocatable segments, one called EPROM of type CODE, and the other called ONCHIP of type DATA. Suppose further that the code segment is to be executable at address 4000H and the data segment is to reside starting at address 30H (in internal RAM). The following linker invocation could be used: RS51 MAIN.OBJ, MESSAGES.OBJ, SUBROUTINES.OBJ TO EXAMPLE & CODE (EPROM (4000H) DATA (ONCHIP (30H)) Note that the ampersand character "&" is used as the line continuaton character. If the program begins at the label START, and this is the first instruction in the MAIN module, then execution begins at address 4000H. If the MAIN module was not linked first, or if the label START is not at the beginning of MAIN, then the program's entry point can be determined by examining the symbol table in the listing file EXAMPLE.M51 created by RL51. By default, EXAMPLE.M51 will contain only the link map. If a symbol table is desired, then each source program must have used the SDEBUG control. The following table shows the assembler controls supported by ASM51. 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 521 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 技术支持网站:www.GXWMCU.com 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 Assembler controls supported by ASM51 NAME DATE (date) DEBUG EJECT ERRORPRINT (file) NOERRORPRINT PRIMARY/ GENERAL PRINT(file) NOPRINT SAVE RESTORE REGISTERBANK (rb,...) NOREGISTERBANK SYMBOLS NOSYMBOLS TITLE(string) P P G G P MEANING Place string in header (9 char. max.) Outputs debug symbol information to object file Continue listing on next page Designates a file to receive error messages in addition to the listing file (defauts to console) NOERRORPRINT NOEP Designates that error messages will be printed in listing file only GENONLY GO List only the fully expanded source as if all lines generated by a macro call were already in the source file GENONLY NOGE List only the original source text in the listing file not applicable IC Designates a file to be included as part of the program LIST LI Print subsequent lines of source code in listing file LIST NOLI Do not print subsequent lines of source code in lisitng file MACRO(50) MR Evaluate and expand all macro calls. Allocate percentage of free memory for macro processing MACRO(50) NOMR Do not evalutate macro calls MOD51 MO Recognize the 8051-specific predefined special function registers MOD51 NOMO Do not recognize the 8051-specific predefined special function registers OBJECT(source.OBJ) OJ Designates file to receive object code OBJECT(source.OBJ) NOOJ Designates that no object file will be created PAGING PI Designates that listing file be broken into pages and each will have a header PAGING NOPI Designates that listing file will contain no page breaks PAGELENGT(60) PL Sets maximun number of lines in each page of listing file (range=10 to 65536) PAGEWIDTH(120) PW Set maximum number of characters in each line of listing file (range = 72 to 132) PRINT(source.LST) PR Designates file to receive source listing PRINT(source.LST) NOPR Designates that no listing file will be created not applicable SA Stores current control settings from SAVE stack not applicable RS Restores control settings from SAVE stack REGISTERBANK(0) RB Indicates one or more banks used in program module P REGISTERBANK(0) NORB Indicates that no register banks are used P P G SYMBOLS SYMBOLS TITLE( ) SB NOSB TT WORKFILES (path) XREF P same as source WF Creates a formatted table of all symbols used in program Designates that no symbol table is created Places a string in all subsequent page headers (max.60 characters) Designates alternate path for temporay workfiles P NOXREF XR NOXREF P NOXREF NOXR P P G P P GEN G GENONLY INCLUED(file) LIST NOLIST MACRO (men_precent) NOMACRO MOD51 G G G G P NOMOD51 P OBJECT(file) NOOBJECT PAGING P P P NOPAGING PAGELENGTH (N) PAGE WIDTH (N) P P 522 P P DEFAULT DATE( ) NODEBUG not applicable NOERRORPRINT U C M C T S P 南通国芯微电子有限公司 ABBREV. DA DB EJ EP . d e t i m Li Creates a cross reference listing of all symbols used in program Designates that no cross reference list is created 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 官方网站:www.STCMCU.com 技术支持QQ:800003751 STC — 全球最大的8051单片机设计公司 MACROS The macro processing facility (MPL) of ASM51 is a "string replacement" facility. Macros allow frequently used sections of code be defined once using a simple mnemonic and used anywhere in the program by inserting the mnemonic. Programming using macros is a powerful extension of the techniques described thus far. Macros can be defined anywhere in a source program and subsequently used like any other instruction. The syntax for macro definition is %*DEFINE (call_pattern) (macro_body) Once defined, the call pattern is like a mnemonic; it may be used like any assembly language instruction by placing it in the mnemonic field of a program. Macros are made distinct from "real" instructions by preceding them with a percent sign, "%". When the source program is assembled, everything within the macro-body, on a character-by-character basis, is substituted for the call-pattern. The mystique of macros is largely unfounded. They provide a simple means for replacing cumbersome instruction patterns with primitive, easy-to-remember mnemonics. The substitution, we reiterate, is on a character-by-character basis—nothing more, nothing less. For example, if the following macro definition appears at the beginning of a source file, %*DEFINE (PUSH_DPTR) (PUSH DPH PUSH DPL ) then the statement %PUSH_DPTR will appear in the .LST file as PUSH PUSH C T S DPH DPL U C M . d e t i m Li The example above is a typical macro. Since the 8051 stack instructions operate only on direct addresses, pushing the data pointer requires two PUSH instructions. A similar macro can be created to POP the data pointer. There are several distinct advantages in using macros: A source program using macros is more readable, since the macro mnemonic is generally more indicative of the intended operation than the equivalent assembler instructions. The source program is shorter and requires less typing. Using macros reduces bugs Using macros frees the programmer from dealing with low-level details. The last two points above are related. Once a macro is written and debugged, it is used freely without the worry of bugs. In the PUSH_DPTR example above, if PUSH and POP instructions are used rather than push and pop macros, the programmer may inadvertently reverse the order of the pushes or pops. (Was it the high-byte or lowbyte that was pushed first?) This would create a bug. Using macros, however, the details are worked out once— when the macro is written—and the macro is used freely thereafter, without the worry of bugs. Since the replacement is on a character-by-character basis, the macro definition should be carefully constructed with carriage returns, tabs, ect., to ensure proper alignment of the macro statements with the rest of the assembly language program. Some trial and error is required. There are advanced features of ASM51's macro-processing facility that allow for parameter passing, local labels, repeat operations, assembly flow control, and so on. These are discussed below. 南通国芯微电子有限公司 总机：0513-5501 2928 / 2929 / 2966 传真：0513-5501 2969 / 2956 / 2947 523 STC12C5410AD系列单片机指南 技术支持网站:www.GXWMCU.com 临时技术支持Tel:13922829991 研发顾问Tel:13922805190 Parameter Passing A macro with parameters passed from the main program has the following modified format: %*DEFINE (macro_name (parameter_list)) (macro_body) For example, if the following macro is defined, %*DEFINE (CJNE ) (CMPA# (VALUE)) A, #%VALUE, $ + 3 then the macro call %CMPA# (20H) will expand to the following instruction in the .LST file: CJNE A, #20H, $ + 3 . d e t i m Although the 8051 does not have a "compare accumulator" instruction, one is easily created using the CJNE instruction with "$+3" (the next instruction) as the destination for the conditional jump. The CMPA# mnemonic may be easier to remember for many programmers. Besides, use of the macro unburdens the programmer from remembering notational details, such as "$+3." Let's develop another example. It would be nice if the 8051 had instructions such as JUMP JUMP JUMP JUMP IF IF IF IF ACCUMULATOR ACCUMULATOR ACCUMULATOR ACCUMULATOR C T S Li GREATER THAN X GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO X LESS THAN X LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO X U C M but it does not. These operations can be created using CJNE followed by JC or JNC, but the details are tricky. Suppose, for example, it is desired to jump to the label GREATER_THAN if the accumulator contains an ASCII code greater than "Z" (5AH). The following instruction sequence would work: CJNE JNC A, #5BH, $÷3 GREATER_THAN The CJNE instruction subtracts 5BH (i.e., "Z" + 1) from the content of A and sets or clears the carry flag accordingly. CJNE leaves C=1 for accumulator values 00H up to and including 5AH. (Note: 5AH-5BH