ESP32-D0WD

ESP32 Series Datasheet Including: ESP32-D0WD ESP32-D0WDQ6 ESP32-D2WD ESP32-S0WD Version 3.0 Espressif Systems Copyright © 2019 www.espressif.com About This Guide This document provides the specifications of ESP32 family of chips. Revision History For any changes to this document over time, please refer to the last page. Documentation Change Notification Espressif provides email notifications to keep customers updated on changes to technical documentation. Please subscribe at www.espressif.com/en/subscribe. Certification Download certificates for Espressif products from www.espressif.com/en/certificates. Disclaimer and Copyright Notice Information in this document, including URL references, is subject to change without notice. THIS DOCUMENT IS PROVIDED AS IS WITH NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, NON-INFRINGEMENT, FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR ANY WARRANTY OTHERWISE ARISING OUT OF ANY PROPOSAL, SPECIFICATION OR SAMPLE. 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All rights reserved. Contents 1 Overview 1 1.1 1 Featured Solutions 1.1.1 Ultra-Low-Power Solution 1 1.1.2 Complete Integration Solution 1 1.2 Wi-Fi Key Features 1 1.3 BT Key Features 2 1.4 MCU and Advanced Features 2 1.4.1 CPU and Memory 2 1.4.2 Clocks and Timers 3 1.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces 3 1.4.4 Security 3 1.5 Applications (A Non-exhaustive List) 4 1.6 Block Diagram 5 2 Pin Definitions 6 2.1 Pin Layout 6 2.2 Pin Description 7 2.3 Power Scheme 9 2.4 Strapping Pins 10 3 Functional Description 13 3.1 13 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 CPU and Memory 3.1.1 CPU 13 3.1.2 Internal Memory 13 3.1.3 External Flash and SRAM 14 3.1.4 Memory Map 14 Timers and Watchdogs 16 3.2.1 64-bit Timers 16 3.2.2 Watchdog Timers 16 System Clocks 17 3.3.1 CPU Clock 17 3.3.2 RTC Clock 17 3.3.3 Audio PLL Clock 17 Radio 17 3.4.1 2.4 GHz Receiver 18 3.4.2 2.4 GHz Transmitter 18 3.4.3 Clock Generator 18 Wi-Fi 18 3.5.1 Wi-Fi Radio and Baseband 18 3.5.2 Wi-Fi MAC 19 Bluetooth 19 3.6.1 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband 19 3.6.2 Bluetooth Interface 20 3.6.3 Bluetooth Stack 20 3.6.4 Bluetooth Link Controller 3.7 RTC and Low-Power Management 20 21 4 Peripherals and Sensors 23 4.1 23 4.2 Descriptions of Peripherals and Sensors 4.1.1 General Purpose Input / Output Interface (GPIO) 23 4.1.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) 23 4.1.3 Hall Sensor 24 4.1.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) 24 4.1.5 Touch Sensor 24 4.1.6 Ultra-Low-Power Co-processor 24 4.1.7 Ethernet MAC Interface 24 4.1.8 SD/SDIO/MMC Host Controller 25 4.1.9 SDIO/SPI Slave Controller 25 4.1.10 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) 26 4.1.11 I²C Interface 26 4.1.12 I²S Interface 26 4.1.13 Infrared Remote Controller 26 4.1.14 Pulse Counter 26 4.1.15 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 26 4.1.16 LED PWM 27 4.1.17 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) 27 4.1.18 Accelerator 27 Peripheral Pin Configurations 28 5 Electrical Characteristics 33 5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings 33 5.2 Recommended Operating Conditions 33 5.3 DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C) 34 5.4 Reliability Qualifications 34 5.5 RF Power-Consumption Specifications 35 5.6 Wi-Fi Radio 35 5.7 Bluetooth Radio 36 5.8 5.7.1 Receiver – Basic Data Rate 36 5.7.2 Transmitter – Basic Data Rate 36 5.7.3 Receiver – Enhanced Data Rate 37 5.7.4 Transmitter – Enhanced Data Rate 37 Bluetooth LE Radio 38 5.8.1 Receiver 38 5.8.2 Transmitter 38 6 Package Information 39 7 Part Number and Ordering Information 40 8 Learning Resources 41 8.1 41 Must-Read Documents 8.2 Must-Have Resources 41 Appendix A – ESP32 Pin Lists 42 A.1. Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists 42 A.2. GPIO_Matrix 44 A.3. Ethernet_MAC 49 A.4. IO_MUX 49 Revision History 51 List of Tables 1 Pin Description 7 2 Description of ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing Parameters 10 3 Strapping Pins 11 4 Parameter Descriptions of Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin 12 5 Memory and Peripheral Mapping 15 6 Power Consumption by Power Modes 21 7 ADC Characteristics 23 8 ADC Calibration Results 23 9 Capacitive-Sensing GPIOs Available on ESP32 24 10 Peripheral Pin Configurations 28 11 Absolute Maximum Ratings 33 12 Recommended Operating Conditions 33 13 DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C) 34 14 Reliability Qualifications 34 15 RF Power-Consumption Specifications 35 16 Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics 35 17 Receiver Characteristics – Basic Data Rate 36 18 Transmitter Characteristics – Basic Data Rate 36 19 Receiver Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate 37 20 Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate 37 21 Receiver Characteristics – BLE 38 22 Transmitter Characteristics – BLE 38 23 ESP32 Ordering Information 40 24 Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists 42 25 GPIO_Matrix 44 26 Ethernet_MAC 49 List of Figures 1 Functional Block Diagram 5 2 ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 6*6, Top View) 6 3 ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 5*5, Top View) 7 4 ESP32 Power Scheme 9 5 ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing 9 6 Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin 11 7 Address Mapping Structure 14 8 QFN48 (6x6 mm) Package 39 9 QFN48 (5x5 mm) Package 39 10 ESP32 Part Number 40 1. Overview 1. Overview ESP32 is a single 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth combo chip designed with the TSMC ultra-low-power 40 nm technology. It is designed to achieve the best power and RF performance, showing robustness, versatility and reliability in a wide variety of applications and power scenarios. The ESP32 series of chips includes ESP32-D0WDQ6, ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D2WD, and ESP32-S0WD. For details on part numbers and ordering information, please refer to Part Number and Ordering Information. 1.1 Featured Solutions 1.1.1 Ultra-Low-Power Solution ESP32 is designed for mobile, wearable electronics, and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications. It features all the state-of-the-art characteristics of low-power chips, including fine-grained clock gating, multiple power modes, and dynamic power scaling. For instance, in a low-power IoT sensor hub application scenario, ESP32 is woken up periodically and only when a specified condition is detected. Low-duty cycle is used to minimize the amount of energy that the chip expends. The output of the power amplifier is also adjustable, thus contributing to an optimal trade-off between communication range, data rate and power consumption. Note: For more information, refer to Section 3.7 RTC and Low-Power Management. 1.1.2 Complete Integration Solution ESP32 is a highly-integrated solution for Wi-Fi-and-Bluetooth IoT applications, with around 20 external components. ESP32 integrates an antenna switch, RF balun, power amplifier, low-noise receive amplifier, filters, and power management modules. As such, the entire solution occupies minimal Printed Circuit Board (PCB) area. ESP32 uses CMOS for single-chip fully-integrated radio and baseband, while also integrating advanced calibration circuitries that allow the solution to remove external circuit imperfections or adjust to changes in external conditions. As such, the mass production of ESP32 solutions does not require expensive and specialized Wi-Fi testing equipment. 1.2 Wi-Fi Key Features • 802.11 b/g/n • 802.11 n (2.4 GHz), up to 150 Mbps • WMM • TX/RX A-MPDU, RX A-MSDU • Immediate Block ACK • Defragmentation • Automatic Beacon monitoring (hardware TSF) • 4 × virtual Wi-Fi interfaces Espressif Systems 1 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 1. Overview • Simultaneous support for Infrastructure Station, SoftAP, and Promiscuous modes Note that when ESP32 is in Station mode, performing a scan, the SoftAP channel will be changed. • Antenna diversity Note: For more information, please refer to Section 3.5 Wi-Fi. 1.3 BT Key Features • Compliant with Bluetooth v4.2 BR/EDR and BLE specifications • Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmitter without external power amplifier • Enhanced Power Control • +12 dBm transmitting power • NZIF receiver with –97 dBm BLE sensitivity • Adaptive Frequency Hopping (AFH) • Standard HCI based on SDIO/SPI/UART • High-speed UART HCI, up to 4 Mbps • Bluetooth 4.2 BR/EDR BLE dual mode controller • Synchronous Connection-Oriented/Extended (SCO/eSCO) • CVSD and SBC for audio codec • Bluetooth Piconet and Scatternet • Multi-connections in Classic BT and BLE • Simultaneous advertising and scanning 1.4 MCU and Advanced Features 1.4.1 CPU and Memory • Xtensa® single-/dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessor(s), up to 600 MIPS (200 MIPS for ESP32-S0WD, 400 MIPS for ESP32-D2WD) • 448 KB ROM • 520 KB SRAM • 16 KB SRAM in RTC • QSPI supports multiple flash/SRAM chips Espressif Systems 2 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 1. Overview 1.4.2 Clocks and Timers • Internal 8 MHz oscillator with calibration • Internal RC oscillator with calibration • External 2 MHz ~ 60 MHz crystal oscillator (40 MHz only for Wi-Fi/BT functionality) • External 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC with calibration • Two timer groups, including 2 × 64-bit timers and 1 × main watchdog in each group • One RTC timer • RTC watchdog 1.4.3 Advanced Peripheral Interfaces • 34 × programmable GPIOs • 12-bit SAR ADC up to 18 channels • 2 × 8-bit DAC • 10 × touch sensors • 4 × SPI • 2 × I²S • 2 × I²C • 3 × UART • 1 host (SD/eMMC/SDIO) • 1 slave (SDIO/SPI) • Ethernet MAC interface with dedicated DMA and IEEE 1588 support • CAN 2.0 • IR (TX/RX) • Motor PWM • LED PWM up to 16 channels • Hall sensor 1.4.4 Security • Secure boot • Flash encryption • 1024-bit OTP, up to 768-bit for customers • Cryptographic hardware acceleration: – AES – Hash (SHA-2) – RSA – ECC Espressif Systems 3 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 1. Overview – Random Number Generator (RNG) 1.5 Applications (A Non-exhaustive List) – Agriculture robotics • Generic Low-power IoT Sensor Hub • Generic Low-power IoT Data Loggers • Audio Applications • Cameras for Video Streaming – Internet music players • Over-the-top (OTT) Devices – Live streaming devices • Speech Recognition – Internet radio players • Image Recognition – Audio headsets • Mesh Network • Health Care Applications – Health monitoring • Home Automation – Light control – Baby monitors – Smart plugs • Wi-Fi-enabled Toys – Smart door locks – Remote control toys – Proximity sensing toys • Smart Building – Smart lighting – Educational toys – Energy monitoring • Wearable Electronics – Smart watches • Industrial Automation – Industrial wireless control – Smart bracelets – Industrial robotics • Retail & Catering Applications – POS machines • Smart Agriculture – Smart greenhouses – Service robots – Smart irrigation Espressif Systems 4 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 1. Overview 1.6 Block Diagram RF receive Clock generator I2C I2S Bluetooth baseband Wi-Fi MAC Wi-Fi baseband Balun SPI Bluetooth link controller Switch Embedded Flash RF transmit SDIO UART CAN ETH Core and memory 2 or 1 x Xtensa® 32bit LX6 Microprocessors ROM Cryptographic hardware acceleration SRAM IR PWM SHA RSA AES RNG RTC Touch sensor DAC ULP co-processor PMU Recovery memory ADC Figure 1: Functional Block Diagram Note: Products in the ESP32 series differ from each other in terms of their support for embedded flash and the number of CPUs they have. For details, please refer to Part Number and Ordering Information. Espressif Systems 5 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 2. Pin Definitions 2. Pin Definitions CAP1 CAP2 VDDA XTAL_P XTAL_N VDDA GPIO21 U0TXD U0RXD GPIO22 GPIO19 VDD3P3_CPU 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 37 2.1 Pin Layout VDDA 1 36 GPIO23 LNA_IN 2 35 GPIO18 VDD3P3 3 34 GPIO5 VDD3P3 4 33 SD_DATA_1 SENSOR_VP 5 32 SD_DATA_0 SENSOR_CAPP 6 31 SD_CLK SENSOR_CAPN 7 30 SD_CMD SENSOR_VN 8 29 SD_DATA_3 CHIP_PU 9 28 SD_DATA_2 VDET_1 10 27 GPIO17 VDET_2 11 26 VDD_SDIO 32K_XP 12 25 GPIO16 21 22 23 24 GPIO2 GPIO0 GPIO4 18 MTDI MTDO 17 MTMS 20 16 GPIO27 MTCK 15 GPIO26 19 14 GPIO25 VDD3P3_RTC 13 32K_XN ESP32 49 GND Figure 2: ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 6*6, Top View) Espressif Systems 6 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 CAP1 CAP2 VDDA XTAL_P XTAL_N VDDA GPIO21 U0TXD U0RXD GPIO22 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 2. Pin Definitions VDDA 1 38 GPIO19 LNA_IN 2 37 VDD3P3_CPU VDD3P3 3 36 GPIO23 VDD3P3 4 35 GPIO18 SENSOR_VP 5 34 GPIO5 SENSOR_CAPP 6 33 SD_DATA_1 SENSOR_CAPN 7 32 SD_DATA_0 SENSOR_VN 8 31 SD_CLK CHIP_PU 9 30 SD_CMD VDET_1 10 29 SD_DATA_3 VDET_2 11 28 SD_DATA_2 32K_XP 12 27 GPIO17 32K_XN 13 26 VDD_SDIO GPIO25 14 25 GPIO16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 GPIO26 GPIO27 MTMS MTDI VDD3P3_RTC MTCK MTDO GPIO2 GPIO0 GPIO4 ESP32 49 GND Figure 3: ESP32 Pin Layout (QFN 5*5, Top View) Note: For details on ESP32’s part numbers and the corresponding packaging, please refer to Part Number and Ordering Information. 2.2 Pin Description Table 1: Pin Description Name No. Type Function VDDA 1 P Analog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V) LNA_IN 2 I/O RF input and output VDD3P3 3 P Analog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V) VDD3P3 4 P Analog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V) SENSOR_VP 5 I GPIO36, ADC1_CH0, RTC_GPIO0 SENSOR_CAPP 6 I GPIO37, ADC1_CH1, RTC_GPIO1 SENSOR_CAPN 7 I GPIO38, ADC1_CH2, RTC_GPIO2 SENSOR_VN 8 I GPIO39, ADC1_CH3, RTC_GPIO3 CHIP_PU 9 I Analog VDD3P3_RTC High: On; enables the chip Low: Off; the chip powers off Note: Do not leave the CHIP_PU pin floating. Espressif Systems 7 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 2. Pin Definitions Name No. Type Function VDET_1 10 I GPIO34, ADC1_CH6, RTC_GPIO4 VDET_2 11 I GPIO35, ADC1_CH7, RTC_GPIO5 32K_XP 12 I/O GPIO32, ADC1_CH4, RTC_GPIO9, TOUCH9, 32K_XP (32.768 kHz crystal oscillator input) 32K_XN 13 I/O GPIO33, ADC1_CH5, RTC_GPIO8, TOUCH8, 32K_XN (32.768 kHz crystal oscillator output) GPIO25 14 I/O GPIO25, ADC2_CH8, RTC_GPIO6, DAC_1, EMAC_RXD0 GPIO26 15 I/O GPIO26, ADC2_CH9, RTC_GPIO7, DAC_2, GPIO27 16 I/O GPIO27, ADC2_CH7, RTC_GPIO17, TOUCH7, EMAC_RX_DV MTMS 17 I/O GPIO14, ADC2_CH6, RTC_GPIO16, TOUCH6, EMAC_TXD2, HSPICLK, HS2_CLK, MTDI 18 I/O GPIO12, ADC2_CH5, RTC_GPIO15, TOUCH5, EMAC_TXD3, HSPIQ, HS2_DATA2, SD_DATA2, MTDI VDD3P3_RTC 19 P Input power supply for RTC IO (2.3 V – 3.6 V) MTCK 20 I/O GPIO13, ADC2_CH4, RTC_GPIO14, TOUCH4, EMAC_RX_ER, HSPID, MTDO 21 I/O GPIO15, ADC2_CH3, RTC_GPIO13, TOUCH3, EMAC_RXD3, GPIO2 22 I/O GPIO2, ADC2_CH2, RTC_GPIO12, TOUCH2, GPIO0 23 I/O GPIO0, ADC2_CH1, RTC_GPIO11, TOUCH1, EMAC_TX_CLK, CLK_OUT1, GPIO4 24 I/O GPIO4, ADC2_CH0, RTC_GPIO10, TOUCH0, EMAC_TX_ER, HSPIHD, EMAC_RXD1 SD_CLK, HS2_DATA3, SD_DATA3, MTCK HSPICS0, HS2_CMD, HSPIWP, HS2_DATA0, SD_DATA0 SD_CMD, HS2_DATA1, SD_DATA1 VDD_SDIO GPIO16 25 I/O GPIO16, HS1_DATA4, VDD_SDIO 26 P Output power supply: 1.8 V or the same voltage as VDD3P3_RTC U2RXD, GPIO17 27 I/O GPIO17, HS1_DATA5, U2TXD, EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 SD_DATA_2 28 I/O GPIO9, HS1_DATA2, U1RXD, SD_DATA2, SPIHD SD_DATA_3 29 I/O GPIO10, HS1_DATA3, U1TXD, SD_DATA3, SPIWP SD_CMD 30 I/O GPIO11, HS1_CMD, U1RTS, SD_CMD, SPICS0 SD_CLK 31 I/O GPIO6, HS1_CLK, U1CTS, SD_CLK, SPICLK SD_DATA_0 32 I/O GPIO7, HS1_DATA0, U2RTS, SD_DATA0, SPIQ SD_DATA_1 33 I/O GPIO8, HS1_DATA1, U2CTS, EMAC_CLK_OUT SD_DATA1, SPID VDD3P3_CPU GPIO5 34 I/O GPIO5, HS1_DATA6, VSPICS0, GPIO18 35 I/O GPIO18, HS1_DATA7, VSPICLK GPIO23 36 I/O GPIO23, HS1_STROBE, VSPID VDD3P3_CPU 37 P Input power supply for CPU IO (1.8 V – 3.6 V) GPIO19 38 I/O GPIO19, U0CTS, VSPIQ, EMAC_TXD0 GPIO22 39 I/O GPIO22, U0RTS, VSPIWP, EMAC_TXD1 U0RXD 40 I/O GPIO3, U0RXD, CLK_OUT2 U0TXD 41 I/O GPIO1, U0TXD, CLK_OUT3, GPIO21 42 I/O GPIO21, VSPIHD, EMAC_RX_CLK EMAC_RXD2 EMAC_TX_EN Analog VDDA 43 P Analog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V) XTAL_N 44 O External crystal output XTAL_P 45 I External crystal input VDDA 46 P Analog power supply (2.3 V – 3.6 V) CAP2 47 I Connects to a 3 nF capacitor and 20 kΩ resistor in parallel to CAP1 CAP1 48 I Connects to a 10 nF series capacitor to ground GND 49 P Ground Note: • ESP32-D2WD’s pins GPIO16, GPIO17, SD_CMD, SD_CLK, SD_DATA_0 and SD_DATA_1 are used for connecting the embedded flash, and are not recommended for other uses. • For a quick reference guide to using the IO_MUX, Ethernet MAC, and GIPO Matrix pins of ESP32, please refer to Appendix ESP32 Pin Lists. • In most cases, the data port connection between the ESP32 and external flash is as follows: SD_DATA0/SPIQ = IO1/DO, SD_DATA1/SPID = IO0/DI, SD_DATA2/SPIHD = IO3/HOLD#, SD_DATA3/SPIWP = IO2/WP#. Espressif Systems 8 MTMS ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 MTDO 2. Pin Definitions 2.3 Power Scheme ESP32’s digital pins are divided into three different power domains: • VDD3P3_RTC • VDD3P3_CPU • VDD_SDIO VDD3P3_RTC is also the input power supply for RTC and CPU. VDD3P3_CPU is also the input power supply for CPU. VDD_SDIO connects to the output of an internal LDO whose input is VDD3P3_RTC. When VDD_SDIO is connected to the same PCB net together with VDD3P3_RTC, the internal LDO is disabled automatically. The power scheme diagram is shown below: VDD3P3_RTC 1.8 V LDO LDO 1.1 V VDD3P3_CPU LDO 1.1 V VDD_SDIO 3.3 V/1.8 V SDIO RTC CPU Domain Domain Domain Figure 4: ESP32 Power Scheme The internal LDO can be configured as having 1.8 V, or the same voltage as VDD3P3_RTC. It can be powered off via software to minimize the current of flash/SRAM during the Deep-sleep mode. Notes on CHIP_PU: • The illustration below shows the ESP32 power-up and reset timing. Details about the parameters are listed in Table 2. t0 t1 VDD VIL_nRST CHIP_PU Figure 5: ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing Espressif Systems 9 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 2. Pin Definitions Table 2: Description of ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing Parameters Parameters t0 t1 Description Time between the 3.3 V rails being brought up and CHIP_PU being activated Duration of CHIP_PU signal level < VIL_nRST (refer to its value in Table 13 DC Characteristics) to reset the chip Min. Unit 50 µs 50 µs • In scenarios where ESP32 is powered on and off repeatedly by switching the power rails, while there is a large capacitor on the VDD33 rail and CHIP_PU and VDD33 are connected, simply switching off the CHIP_PU power rail and immediately switching it back on may cause an incomplete power discharge cycle and failure to reset the chip adequately. An additional discharge circuit may be required to accelerate the discharge of the large capacitor on rail VDD33, which will ensure proper power-on-reset when the ESP32 is powered up again. Please find the discharge circuit in Figure ESP32-WROOM-32 Peripheral Schematics, in ESP32-WROOM-32 Datasheet. • When a battery is used as the power supply for the ESP32 series of chips and modules, a supply voltage supervisor is recommended, so that a boot failure due to low voltage is avoided. Users are recommended to pull CHIP_PU low if the power supply for ESP32 is below 2.3 V. For the reset circuit, please refer to Figure ESP32-WROOM-32 Peripheral Schematics, in ESP32-WROOM-32 Datasheet. Notes on power supply: • The operating voltage of ESP32 ranges from 2.3 V to 3.6 V. When using a single-power supply, the recommended voltage of the power supply is 3.3 V, and its recommended output current is 500 mA or more. • When VDD_SDIO 1.8 V is used as the power supply for external flash/PSRAM, a 2-kohm grounding resistor should be added to VDD_SDIO. For the circuit design, please refer to Figure ESP32-WROVER Schematics, in ESP32-WROVER Datasheet. • When the three digital power supplies are used to drive peripherals, e.g., 3.3 V flash, they should comply with the peripherals’ specifications. 2.4 Strapping Pins ESP32 has five strapping pins: • MTDI • GPIO0 • GPIO2 • MTDO • GPIO5 Software can read the values of these five bits from register ”GPIO_STRAPPING”. During the chip’s system reset release (power-on-reset, RTC watchdog reset and brownout reset), the latches of the strapping pins sample the voltage level as strapping bits of ”0” or ”1”, and hold these bits until the chip is powered down or shut down. The strapping bits configure the device’s boot mode, the operating voltage of VDD_SDIO and other initial system settings. Each strapping pin is connected to its internal pull-up/pull-down during the chip reset. Consequently, if a strapping pin is unconnected or the connected external circuit is high-impedance, the internal weak pull-up/pull-down will determine the default input level of the strapping pins. Espressif Systems 10 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 2. Pin Definitions To change the strapping bit values, users can apply the external pull-down/pull-up resistances, or use the host MCU’s GPIOs to control the voltage level of these pins when powering on ESP32. After reset release, the strapping pins work as normal-function pins. Refer to Table 3 for a detailed boot-mode configuration by strapping pins. Table 3: Strapping Pins Voltage of Internal LDO (VDD_SDIO) Pin Default MTDI Pull-down 3.3 V 1.8 V 0 1 Booting Mode Pin Default SPI Boot Download Boot GPIO0 Pull-up 1 0 GPIO2 Pull-down Don’t-care 0 Enabling/Disabling Debugging Log Print over U0TXD During Booting Pin Default U0TXD Toggling U0TXD Silent MTDO Pull-up 1 0 Timing of SDIO Slave Falling-edge Sampling Falling-edge Sampling Rising-edge Sampling Rising-edge Sampling Falling-edge Output Rising-edge Output Falling-edge Output Rising-edge Output Pull-up 0 0 1 1 Pull-up 0 1 0 1 Pin Default MTDO GPIO5 Note: • Firmware can configure register bits to change the settings of ”Voltage of Internal LDO (VDD_SDIO)” and ”Timing of SDIO Slave”, after booting. • For ESP32 chips that contain an embedded flash, users need to note the logic level of MTDI. For example, ESP32D2WD contains an embedded flash that operates at 1.8 V, therefore, the MTDI should be pulled high. The illustration below shows the setup and hold times for the strapping pin before and after the CHIP_PU signal goes high. Details about the parameters are listed in Table 4. t0 CHIP_PU t1 VIL_nRST VIH Strapping pin Figure 6: Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin Espressif Systems 11 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 2. Pin Definitions Table 4: Parameter Descriptions of Setup and Hold Times for the Strapping Pin Parameters Description Min. Unit t0 Setup time before CHIP_PU goes from low to high 0 ms t1 Hold time after CHIP_PU goes high 1 ms Espressif Systems 12 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description 3. Functional Description This chapter describes the functions integrated in ESP32. 3.1 CPU and Memory 3.1.1 CPU ESP32 contains one or two low-power Xtensa® 32-bit LX6 microprocessor(s) with the following features: • 7-stage pipeline to support the clock frequency of up to 240 MHz (160 MHz for ESP32-S0WD and ESP32D2WD) • 16/24-bit Instruction Set provides high code-density • Support for Floating Point Unit • Support for DSP instructions, such as a 32-bit multiplier, a 32-bit divider, and a 40-bit MAC • Support for 32 interrupt vectors from about 70 interrupt sources The single-/dual-CPU interfaces include: • Xtensa RAM/ROM Interface for instructions and data • Xtensa Local Memory Interface for fast peripheral register access • External and internal interrupt sources • JTAG for debugging 3.1.2 Internal Memory ESP32’s internal memory includes: • 448 KB of ROM for booting and core functions • 520 KB of on-chip SRAM for data and instructions • 8 KB of SRAM in RTC, which is called RTC FAST Memory and can be used for data storage; it is accessed by the main CPU during RTC Boot from the Deep-sleep mode. • 8 KB of SRAM in RTC, which is called RTC SLOW Memory and can be accessed by the co-processor during the Deep-sleep mode. • 1 Kbit of eFuse: 256 bits are used for the system (MAC address and chip configuration) and the remaining 768 bits are reserved for customer applications, including flash-encryption and chip-ID. • Embedded flash Note: • Products in the ESP32 series differ from each other, in terms of their support for embedded flash and the size of it. For details, please refer to Part Number and Ordering Information. • ESP32-D2WD has a 16-Mbit, 40-MHz embedded flash, connected via pins GPIO16, GPIO17, SD_CMD, SD_CLK, SD_DATA_0 and SD_DATA_1. Espressif Systems 13 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description 3.1.3 External Flash and SRAM ESP32 supports multiple external QSPI flash and SRAM chips. More details can be found in Chapter SPI in the ESP32 Technical Reference Manual. ESP32 also supports hardware encryption/decryption based on AES to protect developers’ programs and data in flash. ESP32 can access the external QSPI flash and SRAM through high-speed caches. • Up to 16 MB of external flash can be mapped into CPU instruction memory space and read-only memory space simultaneously. – When external flash is mapped into CPU instruction memory space, up to 11 MB + 248 KB can be mapped at a time. Note that if more than 3 MB + 248 KB are mapped, cache performance will be reduced due to speculative reads by the CPU. – When external flash is mapped into read-only data memory space, up to 4 MB can be mapped at a time. 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit reads are supported. • External SRAM can be mapped into CPU data memory space. SRAM up to 8 MB is supported and up to 4 MB can be mapped at a time. 8-bit, 16-bit and 32-bit reads and writes are supported. Note: After ESP32 is initialized, firmware can customize the mapping of external SRAM or flash into the CPU address space. 3.1.4 Memory Map The structure of address mapping is shown in Figure 7. The memory and peripheral mapping of ESP32 is shown in Table 5. Figure 7: Address Mapping Structure Espressif Systems 14 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description Table 5: Memory and Peripheral Mapping Category Embedded Target Start Address End Address Size Internal ROM 0 0x4000_0000 0x4005_FFFF 384 KB Internal ROM 1 0x3FF9_0000 0x3FF9_FFFF 64 KB Internal SRAM 0 0x4007_0000 0x4009_FFFF 192 KB 0x3FFE_0000 0x3FFF_FFFF 0x400A_0000 0x400B_FFFF 0x3FFA_E000 0x3FFD_FFFF 0x3FF8_0000 0x3FF8_1FFF 0x400C_0000 0x400C_1FFF 0x5000_0000 0x5000_1FFF 8 KB 0x3F40_0000 0x3F7F_FFFF 4 MB 0x400C_2000 0x40BF_FFFF 11 MB+248 KB External SRAM 0x3F80_0000 0x3FBF_FFFF 4 MB DPort Register 0x3FF0_0000 0x3FF0_0FFF 4 KB AES Accelerator 0x3FF0_1000 0x3FF0_1FFF 4 KB RSA Accelerator 0x3FF0_2000 0x3FF0_2FFF 4 KB SHA Accelerator 0x3FF0_3000 0x3FF0_3FFF 4 KB Secure Boot 0x3FF0_4000 0x3FF0_4FFF 4 KB Cache MMU Table 0x3FF1_0000 0x3FF1_3FFF 16 KB PID Controller 0x3FF1_F000 0x3FF1_FFFF 4 KB UART0 0x3FF4_0000 0x3FF4_0FFF 4 KB SPI1 0x3FF4_2000 0x3FF4_2FFF 4 KB SPI0 0x3FF4_3000 0x3FF4_3FFF 4 KB GPIO 0x3FF4_4000 0x3FF4_4FFF 4 KB RTC 0x3FF4_8000 0x3FF4_8FFF 4 KB IO MUX 0x3FF4_9000 0x3FF4_9FFF 4 KB SDIO Slave 0x3FF4_B000 0x3FF4_BFFF 4 KB UDMA1 0x3FF4_C000 0x3FF4_CFFF 4 KB I2S0 0x3FF4_F000 0x3FF4_FFFF 4 KB UART1 0x3FF5_0000 0x3FF5_0FFF 4 KB I2C0 0x3FF5_3000 0x3FF5_3FFF 4 KB UDMA0 0x3FF5_4000 0x3FF5_4FFF 4 KB SDIO Slave 0x3FF5_5000 0x3FF5_5FFF 4 KB RMT 0x3FF5_6000 0x3FF5_6FFF 4 KB PCNT 0x3FF5_7000 0x3FF5_7FFF 4 KB SDIO Slave 0x3FF5_8000 0x3FF5_8FFF 4 KB LED PWM 0x3FF5_9000 0x3FF5_9FFF 4 KB Efuse Controller 0x3FF5_A000 0x3FF5_AFFF 4 KB Flash Encryption 0x3FF5_B000 0x3FF5_BFFF 4 KB PWM0 0x3FF5_E000 0x3FF5_EFFF 4 KB TIMG0 0x3FF5_F000 0x3FF5_FFFF 4 KB TIMG1 0x3FF6_0000 0x3FF6_0FFF 4 KB SPI2 0x3FF6_4000 0x3FF6_4FFF 4 KB Internal SRAM 1 Memory Internal SRAM 2 RTC FAST Memory RTC SLOW Memory External Memory Peripheral Espressif Systems External Flash 15 128 KB 200 KB 8 KB ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description Category Target Start Address End Address Size SPI3 0x3FF6_5000 0x3FF6_5FFF 4 KB SYSCON 0x3FF6_6000 0x3FF6_6FFF 4 KB I2C1 0x3FF6_7000 0x3FF6_7FFF 4 KB SDMMC 0x3FF6_8000 0x3FF6_8FFF 4 KB EMAC 0x3FF6_9000 0x3FF6_AFFF 8 KB PWM1 0x3FF6_C000 0x3FF6_CFFF 4 KB I2S1 0x3FF6_D000 0x3FF6_DFFF 4 KB UART2 0x3FF6_E000 0x3FF6_EFFF 4 KB PWM2 0x3FF6_F000 0x3FF6_FFFF 4 KB PWM3 0x3FF7_0000 0x3FF7_0FFF 4 KB RNG 0x3FF7_5000 0x3FF7_5FFF 4 KB 3.2 Timers and Watchdogs 3.2.1 64-bit Timers There are four general-purpose timers embedded in the ESP32. They are all 64-bit generic timers which are based on 16-bit prescalers and 64-bit auto-reload-capable up/down-timers. The timers feature: • A 16-bit clock prescaler, from 2 to 65536 • A 64-bit timer • Configurable up/down timer: incrementing or decrementing • Halt and resume of time-base counter • Auto-reload at alarming • Software-controlled instant reload • Level and edge interrupt generation 3.2.2 Watchdog Timers The ESP32 has three watchdog timers: one in each of the two timer modules (called the Main Watchdog Timer, or MWDT) and one in the RTC module (called the RTC Watchdog Timer, or RWDT). These watchdog timers are intended to recover from an unforeseen fault causing the application program to abandon its normal sequence. A watchdog timer has four stages. Each stage may trigger one of three or four possible actions upon the expiry of its programmed time period, unless the watchdog is fed or disabled. The actions are: interrupt, CPU reset, core reset, and system reset. Only the RWDT can trigger the system reset, and is able to reset the entire chip, including the RTC itself. A timeout value can be set for each stage individually. During flash boot the RWDT and the first MWDT start automatically in order to detect, and recover from, booting problems. The ESP32 watchdogs have the following features: • Four stages, each of which can be configured or disabled separately • A programmable time period for each stage Espressif Systems 16 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description • One of three or four possible actions (interrupt, CPU reset, core reset, and system reset) upon the expiry of each stage • 32-bit expiry counter • Write protection that prevents the RWDT and MWDT configuration from being inadvertently altered • SPI flash boot protection If the boot process from an SPI flash does not complete within a predetermined time period, the watchdog will reboot the entire system. 3.3 System Clocks 3.3.1 CPU Clock Upon reset, an external crystal clock source is selected as the default CPU clock. The external crystal clock source also connects to a PLL to generate a high-frequency clock (typically 160 MHz). In addition, ESP32 has an internal 8 MHz oscillator. The application can select the clock source from the external crystal clock source, the PLL clock or the internal 8 MHz oscillator. The selected clock source drives the CPU clock directly, or after division, depending on the application. 3.3.2 RTC Clock The RTC clock has five possible sources: • external low-speed (32 kHz) crystal clock • external crystal clock divided by 4 • internal RC oscillator (typically about 150 kHz, and adjustable) • internal 8 MHz oscillator • internal 31.25 kHz clock (derived from the internal 8 MHz oscillator divided by 256) When the chip is in the normal power mode and needs faster CPU accessing, the application can choose the external high-speed crystal clock divided by 4 or the internal 8 MHz oscillator. When the chip operates in the low-power mode, the application chooses the external low-speed (32 kHz) crystal clock, the internal RC clock or the internal 31.25 kHz clock. 3.3.3 Audio PLL Clock The audio clock is generated by the ultra-low-noise fractional-N PLL. More details can be found in Chapter Reset and Clock in the ESP32 Technical Reference Manual. 3.4 Radio The ESP32 radio consists of the following blocks: • 2.4 GHz receiver • 2.4 GHz transmitter • bias and regulators • balun and transmit-receive switch Espressif Systems 17 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description • clock generator 3.4.1 2.4 GHz Receiver The 2.4 GHz receiver demodulates the 2.4 GHz RF signal to quadrature baseband signals and converts them to the digital domain with two high-resolution, high-speed ADCs. To adapt to varying signal channel conditions, RF filters, Automatic Gain Control (AGC), DC offset cancelation circuits and baseband filters are integrated with ESP32. 3.4.2 2.4 GHz Transmitter The 2.4 GHz transmitter modulates the quadrature baseband signals to the 2.4 GHz RF signal, and drives the antenna with a high-powered Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) power amplifier. The use of digital calibration further improves the linearity of the power amplifier, enabling state-of-the-art performance in delivering up to +20.5 dBm of power for an 802.11b transmission and +18 dBm for an 802.11n transmission. Additional calibrations are integrated to cancel any radio imperfections, such as: • Carrier leakage • I/Q phase matching • Baseband nonlinearities • RF nonlinearities • Antenna matching These built-in calibration routines reduce the amount of time required for product testing, and render the testing equipment unnecessary. 3.4.3 Clock Generator The clock generator produces quadrature clock signals of 2.4 GHz for both the receiver and the transmitter. All components of the clock generator are integrated into the chip, including all inductors, varactors, filters, regulators and dividers. The clock generator has built-in calibration and self-test circuits. Quadrature clock phases and phase noise are optimized on-chip with patented calibration algorithms which ensure the best performance of the receiver and the transmitter. 3.5 Wi-Fi ESP32 implements a TCP/IP and full 802.11 b/g/n Wi-Fi MAC protocol. It supports the Basic Service Set (BSS) STA and SoftAP operations under the Distributed Control Function (DCF). Power management is handled with minimal host interaction to minimize the active-duty period. 3.5.1 Wi-Fi Radio and Baseband The ESP32 Wi-Fi Radio and Baseband support the following features: • 802.11b/g/n • 802.11n MCS0-7 in both 20 MHz and 40 MHz bandwidth • 802.11n MCS32 (RX) Espressif Systems 18 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description • 802.11n 0.4 µs guard-interval • up to 150 Mbps of data rate • Receiving STBC 2×1 • Up to 20.5 dBm of transmitting power • Adjustable transmitting power • Antenna diversity ESP32 supports antenna diversity with an external RF switch. One or more GPIOs control the RF switch and selects the best antenna to minimize the effects of channel fading. 3.5.2 Wi-Fi MAC The ESP32 Wi-Fi MAC applies low-level protocol functions automatically. They are as follows: • 4 × virtual Wi-Fi interfaces • Simultaneous Infrastructure BSS Station mode/SoftAP mode/Promiscuous mode • RTS protection, CTS protection, Immediate Block ACK • Defragmentation • TX/RX A-MPDU, RX A-MSDU • TXOP • WMM • CCMP (CBC-MAC, counter mode), TKIP (MIC, RC4), WAPI (SMS4), WEP (RC4) and CRC • Automatic beacon monitoring (hardware TSF) 3.6 Bluetooth ESP32 integrates a Bluetooth link controller and Bluetooth baseband, which carry out the baseband protocols and other low-level link routines, such as modulation/demodulation, packet processing, bit stream processing, frequency hopping, etc. 3.6.1 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband The ESP32 Bluetooth Radio and Baseband support the following features: • Class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmit output powers, and a dynamic control range of up to 24 dB • π/4 DQPSK and 8 DPSK modulation • High performance in NZIF receiver sensitivity with over 97 dB of dynamic range • Class-1 operation without external PA • Internal SRAM allows full-speed data-transfer, mixed voice and data, and full piconet operation • Logic for forward error correction, header error control, access code correlation, CRC, demodulation, encryption bit stream generation, whitening and transmit pulse shaping • ACL, SCO, eSCO and AFH • A-law, µ-law and CVSD digital audio CODEC in PCM interface Espressif Systems 19 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description • SBC audio CODEC • Power management for low-power applications • SMP with 128-bit AES 3.6.2 Bluetooth Interface • Provides UART HCI interface, up to 4 Mbps • Provides SDIO / SPI HCI interface • Provides PCM / I²S audio interface 3.6.3 Bluetooth Stack The Bluetooth stack of ESP32 is compliant with the Bluetooth v4.2 BR / EDR and BLE specifications. 3.6.4 Bluetooth Link Controller The link controller operates in three major states: standby, connection and sniff. It enables multiple connections, and other operations, such as inquiry, page, and secure simple-pairing, and therefore enables Piconet and Scatternet. Below are the features: • Classic Bluetooth – Device Discovery (inquiry, and inquiry scan) – Connection establishment (page, and page scan) – Multi-connections – Asynchronous data reception and transmission – Synchronous links (SCO/eSCO) – Master/Slave Switch – Adaptive Frequency Hopping and Channel assessment – Broadcast encryption – Authentication and encryption – Secure Simple-Pairing – Multi-point and scatternet management – Sniff mode – Connectionless Slave Broadcast (transmitter and receiver) – Enhanced power control – Ping • Bluetooth Low Energy – Advertising – Scanning – Simultaneous advertising and scanning – Multiple connections Espressif Systems 20 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description – Asynchronous data reception and transmission – Adaptive Frequency Hopping and Channel assessment – Connection parameter update – Data Length Extension – Link Layer Encryption – LE Ping 3.7 RTC and Low-Power Management With the use of advanced power-management technologies, ESP32 can switch between different power modes. • Power modes – Active mode: The chip radio is powered on. The chip can receive, transmit, or listen. – Modem-sleep mode: The CPU is operational and the clock is configurable. The Wi-Fi/Bluetooth baseband and radio are disabled. – Light-sleep mode: The CPU is paused. The RTC memory and RTC peripherals, as well as the ULP co-processor are running. Any wake-up events (MAC, host, RTC timer, or external interrupts) will wake up the chip. – Deep-sleep mode: Only the RTC memory and RTC peripherals are powered on. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connection data are stored in the RTC memory. The ULP co-processor is functional. – Hibernation mode: The internal 8-MHz oscillator and ULP co-processor are disabled. The RTC recovery memory is powered down. Only one RTC timer on the slow clock and certain RTC GPIOs are active. The RTC timer or the RTC GPIOs can wake up the chip from the Hibernation mode. Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes Power mode Description Power consumption Wi-Fi Tx packet Active (RF working) Please refer to Wi-Fi/BT Tx packet Wi-Fi/BT Rx and listening 240 MHz Modem-sleep The CPU is powered on. 160 MHz * * Normal speed: 80 MHz Light-sleep Deep-sleep Hibernation Power off Espressif Systems Table 15 for details. Dual-core chip(s) 30 mA ~ 68 mA Single-core chip(s) N/A Dual-core chip(s) 27 mA ~ 44 mA Single-core chip(s) 27 mA ~ 34 mA Dual-core chip(s) 20 mA ~ 31 mA Single-core chip(s) 20 mA ~ 25 mA - 0.8 mA The ULP co-processor is powered on. 150 µA ULP sensor-monitored pattern 100 µA @1% duty RTC timer + RTC memory 10 µA RTC timer only 5 µA CHIP_PU is set to low level, the chip is powered off. 21 0.1 µA ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 3. Functional Description Note: • * Among the ESP32 series of SoCs, ESP32-D0WDQ6 and ESP32-D0WD have a maximum CPU frequency of 240 MHz, ESP32-D2WD and ESP32-S0WD have a maximum CPU frequency of 160 MHz. • When Wi-Fi is enabled, the chip switches between Active and Modem-sleep modes. Therefore, power consumption changes accordingly. • In Modem-sleep mode, the CPU frequency changes automatically. The frequency depends on the CPU load and the peripherals used. • During Deep-sleep, when the ULP co-processor is powered on, peripherals such as GPIO and I²C are able to operate. • When the system works in the ULP sensor-monitored pattern, the ULP co-processor works with the ULP sensor periodically and the ADC works with a duty cycle of 1%, so the power consumption is 100 µA. Espressif Systems 22 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors 4. Peripherals and Sensors 4.1 Descriptions of Peripherals and Sensors 4.1.1 General Purpose Input / Output Interface (GPIO) ESP32 has 34 GPIO pins which can be assigned various functions by programming the appropriate registers. There are several kinds of GPIOs: digital-only, analog-enabled, capacitive-touch-enabled, etc. Analog-enabled GPIOs and Capacitive-touch-enabled GPIOs can be configured as digital GPIOs. Most of the digital GPIOs can be configured as internal pull-up or pull-down, or set to high impedance. When configured as an input, the input value can be read through the register. The input can also be set to edge-trigger or level-trigger to generate CPU interrupts. Most of the digital IO pins are bi-directional, non-inverting and tristate, including input and output buffers with tristate control. These pins can be multiplexed with other functions, such as the SDIO, UART, SPI, etc. (More details can be found in the Appendix, Table IO_MUX.) For low-power operations, the GPIOs can be set to hold their states. 4.1.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) ESP32 integrates 12-bit SAR ADCs and supports measurements on 18 channels (analog-enabled pins). The ULPcoprocessor in ESP32 is also designed to measure voltage, while operating in the sleep mode, which enables low-power consumption. The CPU can be woken up by a threshold setting and/or via other triggers. With appropriate settings, the ADCs can be configured to measure voltage on 18 pins maximum. Table 7 describes the ADC characteristics. Table 7: ADC Characteristics Parameter Description Min Max Unit DNL (Differential nonlinearity) RTC controller; ADC connected to an external 100 nF capacitor; –7 7 LSB INL (Integral nonlinearity) DC signal input; ambient temperature at 25 °C; Wi-Fi&BT off –12 12 LSB RTC controller - 200 ksps DIG controller - 2 Msps Sampling rate Notes: • When atten=3 and the measurement result is above 3,000 (voltage at approx. 2,450 mV), the ADC accuracy will be worse than described in the table above. • To get better DNL results, users can take multiple sampling tests with a filter, or calculate the average value. By default, there are ±6% differences in measured results between chips. ESP-IDF provides couple of calibration methods for ADC1. Results after calibration using eFuse Vref value are shown in Table 8. For higher accuracy, users may apply other calibration methods provided in ESP-IDF, or implement their own. Table 8: ADC Calibration Results Parameter Total error Espressif Systems Description Min Max Unit Atten=0, effective measurement range of 100–950 mV –23 23 mV Atten=1, effective measurement range of 100–1,250 mV –30 30 mV Atten=2, effective measurement range of 150–1,750 mV –40 40 mV Atten=3, effective measurement range of 150–2,450 mV –60 60 mV 23 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors 4.1.3 Hall Sensor ESP32 integrates a Hall sensor based on an N-carrier resistor. When the chip is in the magnetic field, the Hall sensor develops a small voltage laterally on the resistor, which can be directly measured by the ADC. 4.1.4 Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) Two 8-bit DAC channels can be used to convert two digital signals into two analog voltage signal outputs. The design structure is composed of integrated resistor strings and a buffer. This dual DAC supports power supply as input voltage reference. The two DAC channels can also support independent conversions. 4.1.5 Touch Sensor ESP32 has 10 capacitive-sensing GPIOs, which detect variations induced by touching or approaching the GPIOs with a finger or other objects. The low-noise nature of the design and the high sensitivity of the circuit allow relatively small pads to be used. Arrays of pads can also be used, so that a larger area or more points can be detected. The 10 capacitive-sensing GPIOs are listed in Table 9. Table 9: Capacitive-Sensing GPIOs Available on ESP32 Capacitive-sensing signal name Pin name T0 GPIO4 T1 GPIO0 T2 GPIO2 T3 MTDO T4 MTCK T5 MTDI T6 MTMS T7 GPIO27 T8 32K_XN T9 32K_XP 4.1.6 Ultra-Low-Power Co-processor The ULP processor and RTC memory remain powered on during the Deep-sleep mode. Hence, the developer can store a program for the ULP processor in the RTC slow memory to access the peripheral devices, internal timers and internal sensors during the Deep-sleep mode. This is useful for designing applications where the CPU needs to be woken up by an external event, or a timer, or a combination of the two, while maintaining minimal power consumption. 4.1.7 Ethernet MAC Interface An IEEE-802.3-2008-compliant Media Access Controller (MAC) is provided for Ethernet LAN communications. ESP32 requires an external physical interface device (PHY) to connect to the physical LAN bus (twisted-pair, fiber, etc.). The PHY is connected to ESP32 through 17 signals of MII or nine signals of RMII. The following features are supported on the Ethernet MAC (EMAC) interface: • 10 Mbps and 100 Mbps rates • Dedicated DMA controller allowing high-speed transfer between the dedicated SRAM and Ethernet MAC Espressif Systems 24 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors • Tagged MAC frame (VLAN support) • Half-duplex (CSMA/CD) and full-duplex operation • MAC control sublayer (control frames) • 32-bit CRC generation and removal • Several address-filtering modes for physical and multicast address (multicast and group addresses) • 32-bit status code for each transmitted or received frame • Internal FIFOs to buffer transmit and receive frames. The transmit FIFO and the receive FIFO are both 512 words (32-bit) • Hardware PTP (Precision Time Protocol) in accordance with IEEE 1588 2008 (PTP V2) • 25 MHz/50 MHz clock output 4.1.8 SD/SDIO/MMC Host Controller An SD/SDIO/MMC host controller is available on ESP32, which supports the following features: • Secure Digital memory (SD mem Version 3.0 and Version 3.01) • Secure Digital I/O (SDIO Version 3.0) • Consumer Electronics Advanced Transport Architecture (CE-ATA Version 1.1) • Multimedia Cards (MMC Version 4.41, eMMC Version 4.5 and Version 4.51) The controller allows up to 80 MHz of clock output in three different data-bus modes: 1-bit, 4-bit and 8-bit. It supports two SD/SDIO/MMC4.41 cards in a 4-bit data-bus mode. It also supports one SD card operating at 1.8V. 4.1.9 SDIO/SPI Slave Controller ESP32 integrates an SD device interface that conforms to the industry-standard SDIO Card Specification Version 2.0, and allows a host controller to access the SoC, using the SDIO bus interface and protocol. ESP32 acts as the slave on the SDIO bus. The host can access the SDIO-interface registers directly and can access shared memory via a DMA engine, thus maximizing performance without engaging the processor cores. The SDIO/SPI slave controller supports the following features: • SPI, 1-bit SDIO, and 4-bit SDIO transfer modes over the full clock range from 0 to 50 MHz • Configurable sampling and driving clock edge • Special registers for direct access by host • Interrupts to host for initiating data transfer • Automatic loading of SDIO bus data and automatic discarding of padding data • Block size of up to 512 bytes • Interrupt vectors between the host and the slave, allowing both to interrupt each other • Supports DMA for data transfer Espressif Systems 25 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors 4.1.10 Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (UART) ESP32 has three UART interfaces, i.e., UART0, UART1 and UART2, which provide asynchronous communication (RS232 and RS485) and IrDA support, communicating at a speed of up to 5 Mbps. UART provides hardware management of the CTS and RTS signals and software flow control (XON and XOFF). All of the interfaces can be accessed by the DMA controller or directly by the CPU. 4.1.11 I²C Interface ESP32 has two I²C bus interfaces which can serve as I²C master or slave, depending on the user’s configuration. The I²C interfaces support: • Standard mode (100 Kbit/s) • Fast mode (400 Kbit/s) • Up to 5 MHz, yet constrained by SDA pull-up strength • 7-bit/10-bit addressing mode • Dual addressing mode Users can program command registers to control I²C interfaces, so that they have more flexibility. 4.1.12 I²S Interface Two standard I²S interfaces are available in ESP32. They can be operated in master or slave mode, in full duplex and half-duplex communication modes, and can be configured to operate with an 8-/16-/32-/48-/64-bit resolution as input or output channels. BCK clock frequency, from 10 kHz up to 40 MHz, is supported. When one or both of the I²S interfaces are configured in the master mode, the master clock can be output to the external DAC/CODEC. Both of the I²S interfaces have dedicated DMA controllers. PDM and BT PCM interfaces are supported. 4.1.13 Infrared Remote Controller The infrared remote controller supports eight channels of infrared remote transmission and receiving. By programming the pulse waveform, it supports various infrared protocols. Eight channels share a 512 x 32-bit block of memory to store the transmitting or receiving waveform. 4.1.14 Pulse Counter The pulse counter captures pulse and counts pulse edges through seven modes. It has eight channels, each of which captures four signals at a time. The four input signals include two pulse signals and two control signals. When the counter reaches a defined threshold, an interrupt is generated. 4.1.15 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) The Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controller can be used for driving digital motors and smart lights. The controller consists of PWM timers, the PWM operator and a dedicated capture sub-module. Each timer provides timing in synchronous or independent form, and each PWM operator generates a waveform for one PWM channel. The dedicated capture sub-module can accurately capture events with external timing. Espressif Systems 26 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors 4.1.16 LED PWM The LED PWM controller can generate 16 independent channels of digital waveforms with configurable periods and duties. The 16 channels of digital waveforms operate with an APB clock of 80 MHz. Eight of these channels have the option of using the 8 MHz oscillator clock. Each channel can select a 20-bit timer with configurable counting range, while its accuracy of duty can be up to 16 bits within a 1 ms period. The software can change the duty immediately. Moreover, each channel automatically supports step-by-step duty increase or decrease, which is useful for the LED RGB color-gradient generator. 4.1.17 Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) ESP32 features three SPIs (SPI, HSPI and VSPI) in slave and master modes in 1-line full-duplex and 1/2/4-line half-duplex communication modes. These SPIs also support the following general-purpose SPI features: • Four modes of SPI transfer format, which depend on the polarity (CPOL) and the phase (CPHA) of the SPI clock • Up to 80 MHz (The actual speed it can reach depends on the selected pads, PCB tracing, peripheral characteristics, etc.) • up to 64-byte FIFO All SPIs can also be connected to the external flash/SRAM and LCD. Each SPI can be served by DMA controllers. 4.1.18 Accelerator ESP32 is equipped with hardware accelerators of general algorithms, such as AES (FIPS PUB 197), SHA (FIPS PUB 180-4), RSA, and ECC, which support independent arithmetic, such as Big Integer Multiplication and Big Integer Modular Multiplication. The maximum operation length for RSA, ECC, Big Integer Multiply and Big Integer Modular Multiplication is 4,096 bits. The hardware accelerators greatly improve operation speed and reduce software complexity. They also support code encryption and dynamic decryption, which ensures that code in the flash will not be hacked. Espressif Systems 27 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors 4.2 Peripheral Pin Configurations Table 10: Peripheral Pin Configurations Interface ADC DAC Touch Sensor JTAG Espressif Systems Signal Pin Function ADC1_CH0 SENSOR_VP ADC1_CH1 SENSOR_CAPP ADC1_CH2 SENSOR_CAPN ADC1_CH3 SENSOR_VN ADC1_CH4 32K_XP ADC1_CH5 32K_XN ADC1_CH6 VDET_1 ADC1_CH7 VDET_2 ADC2_CH0 GPIO4 ADC2_CH1 GPIO0 ADC2_CH2 GPIO2 ADC2_CH3 MTDO ADC2_CH4 MTCK ADC2_CH5 MTDI ADC2_CH6 MTMS ADC2_CH7 GPIO27 ADC2_CH8 GPIO25 ADC2_CH9 GPIO26 DAC_1 GPIO25 DAC_2 GPIO26 TOUCH0 GPIO4 TOUCH1 GPIO0 TOUCH2 GPIO2 TOUCH3 MTDO TOUCH4 MTCK TOUCH5 MTDI TOUCH6 MTMS TOUCH7 GPIO27 TOUCH8 32K_XN TOUCH9 32K_XP MTDI MTDI MTCK MTCK MTMS MTMS MTDO MTDO 28 Two 12-bit SAR ADCs Two 8-bit DACs Capacitive touch sensors JTAG for software debugging ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors Interface Signal Pin Function HS2_CLK MTMS HS2_CMD MTDO SD/SDIO/MMC Host HS2_DATA0 GPIO2 Controller HS2_DATA1 GPIO4 HS2_DATA2 MTDI HS2_DATA3 MTCK Supports SD memory card V3.01 standard PWM0_OUT0~2 PWM1_OUT_IN0~2 Three channels of 16-bit timers generate PWM0_FLT_IN0~2 Motor PWM PWM1_FLT_IN0~2 PWM waveforms. Each channel has a pair Any GPIO Pins of output signals, three fault detection PWM0_CAP_IN0~2 signals, three event-capture signals, and PWM1_CAP_IN0~2 three sync signals. PWM0_SYNC_IN0~2 PWM1_SYNC_IN0~2 SD_CLK MTMS SD_CMD MTDO SDIO/SPI Slave SD_DATA0 GPIO2 Controller SD_DATA1 GPIO4 SD_DATA2 MTDI SD_DATA3 MTCK SDIO interface that conforms to the industry standard SDIO 2.0 card specification U0RXD_in U0CTS_in U0DSR_in U0TXD_out U0RTS_out U0DTR_out UART U1RXD_in Any GPIO Pins U1CTS_in Two UART devices with hardware flow-control and DMA U1TXD_out U1RTS_out U2RXD_in U2CTS_in U2TXD_out U2RTS_out I2CEXT0_SCL_in I2CEXT0_SDA_in I2CEXT1_SCL_in I²C I2CEXT1_SDA_in Any GPIO Pins Two I²C devices in slave or master mode I2CEXT0_SCL_out I2CEXT0_SDA_out I2CEXT1_SCL_out I2CEXT1_SDA_out Espressif Systems 29 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors Interface LED PWM Signal ledc_hs_sig_out0~7 ledc_ls_sig_out0~7 Pin Function Any GPIO Pins 16 independent channels @80 MHz clock/RTC CLK. Duty accuracy: 16 bits. I2S0I_DATA_in0~15 I2S0O_BCK_in I2S0O_WS_in I2S0I_BCK_in I2S0I_WS_in I2S0I_H_SYNC I2S0I_V_SYNC I2S0I_H_ENABLE I2S0O_BCK_out I2S0O_WS_out I2S0I_BCK_out I2S I2S0I_WS_out Stereo input and output from/to the audio I2S0O_DATA_out0~23 Any GPIO Pins codec; parallel LCD data output; parallel I2S1I_DATA_in0~15 camera data input I2S1O_BCK_in I2S1O_WS_in I2S1I_BCK_in I2S1I_WS_in I2S1I_H_SYNC I2S1I_V_SYNC I2S1I_H_ENABLE I2S1O_BCK_out I2S1O_WS_out I2S1I_BCK_out I2S1I_WS_out I2S1O_DATA_out0~23 Infrared Remote RMT_SIG_IN0~7 Controller RMT_SIG_OUT0~7 Any GPIO Pins HSPIQ_in/_out chip-select, MOSI and MISO. These SPIs HSPICLK_in/_out can be connected to LCD and other HSPI_CS0_in/_out external devices. They support the HSPI_CS1_out HSPI_CS2_out SPI VSPIQ_in/_out receiver of various waveforms Standard SPI consists of clock, HSPID_in/_out General Purpose Eight channels for an IR transmitter and following features: Any GPIO Pins • Both master and slave modes; • Four sub-modes of the SPI transfer VSPID_in/_out format; VSPICLK_in/_out • Configurable SPI frequency; VSPI_CS0_in/_out • Up to 64 bytes of FIFO and DMA. VSPI_CS1_out VSPI_CS2_out Espressif Systems 30 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors Interface Parallel QSPI EMAC Signal Pin Function SPIHD SD_DATA_2 SPIWP SD_DATA_3 SPICS0 SD_CMD SPICLK SD_CLK SPIQ SD_DATA_0 SPID SD_DATA_1 HSPICLK MTMS HSPICS0 MTDO Supports Standard SPI, Dual SPI, and HSPIQ MTDI Quad SPI that can be connected to the HSPID MTCK external flash and SRAM HSPIHD GPIO4 HSPIWP GPIO2 VSPICLK GPIO18 VSPICS0 GPIO5 VSPIQ GPIO19 VSPID GPIO23 VSPIHD GPIO21 VSPIWP GPIO22 EMAC_TX_CLK GPIO0 EMAC_RX_CLK GPIO5 EMAC_TX_EN GPIO21 EMAC_TXD0 GPIO19 EMAC_TXD1 GPIO22 EMAC_TXD2 MTMS EMAC_TXD3 MTDI EMAC_RX_ER MTCK EMAC_RX_DV GPIO27 EMAC_RXD0 GPIO25 EMAC_RXD1 GPIO26 EMAC_RXD2 U0TXD EMAC_RXD3 MTDO EMAC_CLK_OUT GPIO16 Ethernet MAC with MII/RMII interface EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 GPIO17 Espressif Systems EMAC_TX_ER GPIO4 EMAC_MDC_out Any GPIO Pins EMAC_MDI_in Any GPIO Pins EMAC_MDO_out Any GPIO Pins EMAC_CRS_out Any GPIO Pins EMAC_COL_out Any GPIO Pins 31 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 4. Peripherals and Sensors Interface Signal Pin Function pcnt_sig_ch0_in0 pcnt_sig_ch1_in0 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in0 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in0 pcnt_sig_ch0_in1 pcnt_sig_ch1_in1 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in1 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in1 pcnt_sig_ch0_in2 pcnt_sig_ch1_in2 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in2 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in2 pcnt_sig_ch0_in3 pcnt_sig_ch1_in3 Operating in seven different modes, the pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in3 Pulse Counter pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in3 Any GPIO Pins pulse counter captures pulse and counts pulse edges. pcnt_sig_ch0_in4 pcnt_sig_ch1_in4 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in4 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in4 pcnt_sig_ch0_in5 pcnt_sig_ch1_in5 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in5 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in5 pcnt_sig_ch0_in6 pcnt_sig_ch1_in6 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in6 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in6 pcnt_sig_ch0_in7 pcnt_sig_ch1_in7 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in7 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in7 Espressif Systems 32 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 5. Electrical Characteristics 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.1 Absolute Maximum Ratings Stresses beyond the absolute maximum ratings listed in the table below may cause permanent damage to the device. These are stress ratings only, and do not refer to the functional operation of the device that should follow the recommended operating conditions. Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings Symbol Parameter Min Max Unit VDDA, VDD3P3, VDD3P3_RTC, Voltage applied to power supply pins per VDD3P3_CPU, VDD_SDIO power domain –0.3 3.6 V Ioutput * Cumulative IO output current - 1,200 mA Tstore Storage temperature –40 150 °C * The chip worked properly after a 24-hour test in ambient temperature at 25 °C, and the IOs in three domains (VDD3P3_RTC, VDD3P3_CPU, VDD_SDIO) output high logic level to ground. 5.2 Recommended Operating Conditions Table 12: Recommended Operating Conditions Symbol VDDA, VDD3P3_RTC Parameter 1 VDD3P3, VDD_SDIO (3.3 V mode) Voltage applied to power supply pins per 2 power domain Min Typical Max Unit 2.3 3.3 3.6 V VDD3P3_CPU Voltage applied to power supply pin 1.8 3.3 3.6 V IV DD Current delivered by external power supply 0.5 - - A Operating temperature –40 - 125 °C T 3 1. When writing eFuse, VDD3P3_RTC should be at least 3.3 V. 2. • VDD_SDIO works as the power supply for the related IO, and also for an external device. Please refer to the Appendix IO_MUX of this datasheet for more details. • VDD_SDIO can be sourced internally by the ESP32 from the VDD3P3_RTC power domain: – When VDD_SDIO operates at 3.3 V, it is driven directly by VDD3P3_RTC through a 6 Ω resistor, therefore, there will be some voltage drop from VDD3P3_RTC. – When VDD_SDIO operates at 1.8 V, it can be generated from ESP32’s internal LDO. The maximum current this LDO can offer is 40 mA, and the output voltage range is 1.65 V ~ 2.0 V. • VDD_SDIO can also be driven by an external power supply. • Please refer to Power Scheme, section 2.3, for more information. 3. The operating temperature of ESP32-D2WD ranges from –40 °C ~ 105 °C, due to the flash embedded in it. The other chips in this series have no ebedded flash, so their range of operating temperatures is –40 °C ~ 125 °C. Espressif Systems 33 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.3 DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C) Table 13: DC Characteristics (3.3 V, 25 °C) Symbol CIN VIH Parameter Min Pin capacitance - High-level input voltage 0.75×VDD 1 Typ Max 2 - - Unit pF 1 VDD +0.3 V 1 VIL Low-level input voltage –0.3 - 0.25×VDD IIH High-level input current - - 50 nA IIL Low-level input current - - 50 nA - - VOH VOL 1 High-level output voltage 0.8×VDD Low-level output voltage High-level source current IOH 1 (VDD = 3.3 V, VOH >= 2.64 V, output drive strength set to the V 1 - - 0.1×VDD V VDD3P3_CPU power domain 1, 2 - 40 - mA VDD3P3_RTC power domain 1, 2 - 40 - mA - 20 - mA - 28 - mA VDD_SDIO power domain 1, maximum) V 3 Low-level sink current IOL (VDD1 = 3.3 V, VOL = 0.495 V, output drive strength set to the maximum) RP U Pull-up resistor - 45 - kΩ RP D Pull-down resistor - 45 - kΩ VIL_nRST Low-level input voltage of CHIP_PU to power off the chip - - 0.6 V Notes: 1. Please see Table IO_MUX for IO’s power domain. VDD is the I/O voltage for a particular power domain of pins. 2. For VDD3P3_CPU and VDD3P3_RTC power domain, per-pin current sourced in the same domain is gradually reduced from around 40 mA to around 29 mA, VOH >=2.64 V, as the number of current-source pins increases. 3. For VDD_SDIO power domain, per-pin current sourced in the same domain is gradually reduced from around 30 mA to around 10 mA, VOH >=2.64 V, as the number of current-source pins increases. 5.4 Reliability Qualifications Table 14: Reliability Qualifications Reliability tests Electro-Static Discharge Sensitivity (ESD), Charge Device Mode (CDM) 1 Electro-Static Discharge Sensitivity (ESD), Human Body Mode (HBM) 2 Standards Test conditions Result JEDEC EIA/JESD22-C101 ±500 V, all pins Pass JEDEC EIA/JESD22-A114 ±1500 V, all pins Pass Latch-up (Over-current test) JEDEC STANDARD NO.78 Latch-up (Over-voltage test) JEDEC STANDARD NO.78 Moisture Sensitivity Level (MSL) J-STD-020, MSL 3 ±50 mA ~ ±200 mA, room temperature, test for IO 1.5 × Vmax, room temperature, test for Vsupply 30 °C, 60% RH, 192 hours, IR × 3 @260 °C Pass Pass Pass 1. JEDEC document JEP157 states that 250 V CDM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. 2. JEDEC document JEP155 states that 500 V HBM allows safe manufacturing with a standard ESD control process. Espressif Systems 34 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.5 RF Power-Consumption Specifications The power consumption measurements are taken with a 3.3 V supply at 25 °C of ambient temperature at the RF port. All transmitters’ measurements are based on a 50% duty cycle. Table 15: RF Power-Consumption Specifications Mode Min Typ Max Unit Transmit 802.11b, DSSS 1 Mbps, POUT = +19.5 dBm - 240 - mA Transmit 802.11b, OFDM 54 Mbps, POUT = +16 dBm - 190 - mA Transmit 802.11g, OFDM MCS7, POUT = +14 dBm - 180 - mA Receive 802.11b/g/n - 95 ~ 100 - mA Transmit BT/BLE, POUT = 0 dBm - 130 - mA Receive BT/BLE - 95 ~ 100 - mA 5.6 Wi-Fi Radio Table 16: Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics Description Min Typical Max Unit Input frequency 2412 - 2484 MHz Output impedance* - * - Ω Output power of PA for 72.2 Mbps 13 14 15 dBm Output power of PA for 11b mode 19.5 20 20.5 dBm Tx power Sensitivity DSSS, 1 Mbps - –98 - dBm CCK, 11 Mbps - –91 - dBm OFDM, 6 Mbps - –93 - dBm OFDM, 54 Mbps - –75 - dBm HT20, MCS0 - –93 - dBm HT20, MCS7 - –73 - dBm HT40, MCS0 - –90 - dBm HT40, MCS7 - –70 - dBm MCS32 - –89 - dBm Adjacent channel rejection OFDM, 6 Mbps - 37 - dB OFDM, 54 Mbps - 21 - dB HT20, MCS0 - 37 - dB HT20, MCS7 - 20 - dB *The typical value of ESP32’s Wi-Fi radio output impedance is different in chips of different QFN packages. For ESP32 chips with a QFN 6x6 package (ESP32-D0WDQ6), the value is 30+j10 Ω. For ESP32 chips with a QFN 5x5 package (ESP32-D0WD, ESP32-D2WD, ESP32-S0WD), the value is 35+j10 Ω. Espressif Systems 35 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.7 Bluetooth Radio 5.7.1 Receiver – Basic Data Rate Table 17: Receiver Characteristics – Basic Data Rate Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Sensitivity @0.1% BER - - –94 - dBm Maximum received signal @0.1% BER - 0 - - dBm Co-channel C/I - - +7 - dB F = F0 + 1 MHz - - –6 dB F = F0 – 1 MHz - - –6 dB F = F0 + 2 MHz - - –25 dB F = F0 – 2 MHz - - –33 dB F = F0 + 3 MHz - - –25 dB F = F0 – 3 MHz - - –45 dB 30 MHz ~ 2000 MHz –10 - - dBm 2000 MHz ~ 2400 MHz –27 - - dBm 2500 MHz ~ 3000 MHz –27 - - dBm 3000 MHz ~ 12.5 GHz –10 - - dBm - –36 - - dBm Adjacent channel selectivity C/I Out-of-band blocking performance Intermodulation 5.7.2 Transmitter – Basic Data Rate Table 18: Transmitter Characteristics – Basic Data Rate Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit RF transmit power - - 0 - dBm Gain control step - - 3 - dBm RF power control range - –12 - +9 dBm +20 dB bandwidth - - 0.9 - MHz F = F0 ± 2 MHz - –47 - dBm F = F0 ± 3 MHz - –55 - dBm F = F0 ± > 3 MHz - –60 - dBm ∆ f 1avg - - - 155 kHz ∆ f 2max - 133.7 - - kHz ∆ f 2avg /∆ f 1avg - - 0.92 - - ICFT - - –7 - kHz Drift rate - - 0.7 - kHz/50 µs Drift (DH1) - - 6 - kHz Drift (DH5) - - 6 - kHz Adjacent channel transmit power Espressif Systems 36 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 5. Electrical Characteristics 5.7.3 Receiver – Enhanced Data Rate Table 19: Receiver Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit π/4 DQPSK Sensitivity @0.01% BER - - –90 - dBm Maximum received signal @0.01% BER - - 0 - dBm Co-channel C/I - - 11 - dB F = F0 + 1 MHz - –7 - dB F = F0 – 1 MHz - –7 - dB F = F0 + 2 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 – 2 MHz - –35 - dB F = F0 + 3 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 – 3 MHz - –45 - dB Adjacent channel selectivity C/I 8DPSK Sensitivity @0.01% BER - - –84 - dBm Maximum received signal @0.01% BER - - –5 - dBm C/I c-channel - - 18 - dB F = F0 + 1 MHz - 2 - dB F = F0 – 1 MHz - 2 - dB F = F0 + 2 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 – 2 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 + 3 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 – 3 MHz - –38 - dB Adjacent channel selectivity C/I 5.7.4 Transmitter – Enhanced Data Rate Table 20: Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit RF transmit power - - 0 - dBm Gain control step - - 3 - dBm RF power control range - –12 - +9 dBm π/4 DQPSK max w0 - - –0.72 - kHz π/4 DQPSK max wi - - –6 - kHz π/4 DQPSK max |wi + w0| - - –7.42 - kHz 8DPSK max w0 - - 0.7 - kHz 8DPSK max wi - - –9.6 - kHz 8DPSK max |wi + w0| - - –10 - kHz RMS DEVM - 4.28 - % 99% DEVM - 100 - % Peak DEVM - 13.3 - % RMS DEVM - 5.8 - % 99% DEVM - 100 - % Peak DEVM - 14 - % F = F0 ± 1 MHz - –46 - dBm π/4 DQPSK modulation accuracy 8 DPSK modulation accuracy In-band spurious emissions Espressif Systems 37 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 5. Electrical Characteristics Parameter EDR differential phase coding Conditions Min Typ Max Unit F = F0 ± 2 MHz - –40 - dBm F = F0 ± 3 MHz - –46 - dBm F = F0 +/– > 3 MHz - - –53 dBm - - 100 - % 5.8 Bluetooth LE Radio 5.8.1 Receiver Table 21: Receiver Characteristics – BLE Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit Sensitivity @30.8% PER - - –97 - dBm Maximum received signal @30.8% PER - 0 - - dBm Co-channel C/I - - +10 - dB F = F0 + 1 MHz - –5 - dB F = F0 – 1 MHz - –5 - dB F = F0 + 2 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 – 2 MHz - –35 - dB F = F0 + 3 MHz - –25 - dB F = F0 – 3 MHz - –45 - dB 30 MHz ~ 2000 MHz –10 - - dBm 2000 MHz ~ 2400 MHz –27 - - dBm 2500 MHz ~ 3000 MHz –27 - - dBm 3000 MHz ~ 12.5 GHz –10 - - dBm - –36 - - dBm Adjacent channel selectivity C/I Out-of-band blocking performance Intermodulation 5.8.2 Transmitter Table 22: Transmitter Characteristics – BLE Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit RF transmit power - - 0 - dBm Gain control step - - 3 - dBm RF power control range - –12 - +9 dBm F = F0 ± 2 MHz - –52 - dBm F = F0 ± 3 MHz - –58 - dBm F = F0 ± > 3 MHz - –60 - dBm ∆ f 1avg - - - 265 kHz ∆ f 2max - 247 - - kHz ∆ f 2avg /∆ f 1avg - - –0.92 - - ICFT - - –10 - kHz Drift rate - - 0.7 - kHz/50 µs Drift - - 2 - kHz Adjacent channel transmit power Espressif Systems 38 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 6. Package Information 6. Package Information Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Figure 8: QFN48 (6x6 mm) Package 3 2 1 Pin 1 Pin 2 Pin 3 Figure 9: QFN48 (5x5 mm) Package Note: The pins of the chip are numbered in an anti-clockwise direction from Pin 1 in the top view. Espressif Systems 39 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 7. Part Number and Ordering Information 7. Part Number and Ordering Information ESP32 - D 0 WD Q6 Package Q6=QFN 6*6 N/A=QFN 5*5 Connection WD=Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode AD=Wi-Fi a/b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode CD=Wi-Fi ac/c/b/n/g + BT/BLE Dual Mode Embedded Flash 0=No Embedded Flash 2=16 Mbit Core D=Dual Core S=Single Core Figure 10: ESP32 Part Number The table below provides the ordering information of the ESP32 series of chips. Table 23: ESP32 Ordering Information Ordering code Core Embedded flash Connection Package ESP32-D0WDQ6 Dual core No embedded flash Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode QFN 6*6 ESP32-D0WD Dual core No embedded flash Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode QFN 5*5 ESP32-D2WD Dual core ESP32-S0WD Single core Espressif Systems 16-Mbit embedded flash (40 MHz) No embedded flash 40 Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode QFN 5*5 Wi-Fi b/g/n + BT/BLE Dual Mode QFN 5*5 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 8. Learning Resources 8. Learning Resources 8.1 Must-Read Documents Click on the following links to access documents related to ESP32. • ESP-IDF Programming Guide It hosts extensive documentation for ESP-IDF, ranging from hardware guides to API reference. • ESP32 Technical Reference Manual The manual provides detailed information on how to use the ESP32 memory and peripherals. • ESP32 Hardware Resources The zip files include schematics, PCB layout, Gerber and BOM list. • ESP32 Hardware Design Guidelines The guidelines provide recommended design practices when developing standalone or add-on systems based on the ESP32 series of products, including the ESP32 chip, the ESP32 modules and development boards. • ESP32 AT Instruction Set and Examples This document introduces the ESP32 AT commands, explains how to use them, and provides examples of several common AT commands. • Espressif Products Ordering Information 8.2 Must-Have Resources Here are the ESP32-related must-have resources. • ESP32 BBS This is an Engineer-to-Engineer (E2E) Community for ESP32, where you can post questions, share knowledge, explore ideas, and solve problems together with fellow engineers. • ESP32 GitHub ESP32 development projects are freely distributed under Espressif’s MIT license on GitHub. This channel of communication has been established to help developers get started with ESP32 and encourage them to share their knowledge of ESP32-related hardware and software. • ESP32 Tools This is a webpage where users can download ESP32 Flash Download Tools and the zip file ”ESP32 Certification and Test”. • ESP-IDF This webpage links users to the official IoT development framework for ESP32. • ESP32 Resources This webpage provides the links to all available ESP32 documents, SDK and tools. Espressif Systems 41 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Appendix A – ESP32 Pin Lists A.1. Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists Table 24: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists No. 1 Description In Table IO_MUX, the boxes highlighted in yellow indicate the GPIO pins that are input-only. Please see the following note for further details. GPIO pins 34-39 are input-only. These pins do not feature an output driver or internal pull- 2 up/pull-down circuitry. The pin names are: SENSOR_VP (GPIO36), SENSOR_CAPP (GPIO37), SENSOR_CAPN (GPIO38), SENSOR_VN (GPIO39), VDET_1 (GPIO34), VDET_2 (GPIO35). The pins are grouped into four power domains: VDDA (analog power supply), VDD3P3_RTC (RTC power supply), VDD3P3_CPU (power supply of digital IOs and CPU cores), VDD_SDIO 3 (power supply of SDIO IOs). VDD_SDIO is the output of the internal SDIO-LDO. The voltage of SDIO-LDO can be configured at 1.8 V or be the same as that of VDD3P3_RTC. The strapping pin and eFuse bits determine the default voltage of the SDIO-LDO. Software can change the voltage of the SDIO-LDO by configuring register bits. For details, please see the column “Power Domain” in Table IO_MUX. The functional pins in the VDD3P3_RTC domain are those with analog functions, including the 4 32 kHz crystal oscillator, ADC, DAC, and the capacitive touch sensor. Please see columns “Analog Function 1~3” in Table IO_MUX. 5 These VDD3P3_RTC pins support the RTC function, and can work during Deep-sleep. For example, an RTC-GPIO can be used for waking up the chip from Deep-sleep. The GPIO pins support up to six digital functions, as shown in columns “Function 1~6” In Table IO_MUX. The function selection registers will be set as “N-1”, where N is the function number. Below are some definitions: • SD_* is for signals of the SDIO slave. • HS1_* is for Port 1 signals of the SDIO host. • HS2_* is for Port 2 signals of the SDIO host. 6 • MT* is for signals of the JTAG. • U0* is for signals of the UART0 module. • U1* is for signals of the UART1 module. • U2* is for signals of the UART2 module. • SPI* is for signals of the SPI01 module. • HSPI* is for signals of the SPI2 module. • VSPI* is for signals of the SPI3 module. Espressif Systems 42 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A No. Description Each column about digital “Function” is accompanied by a column about “Type”. Please see the following explanations for the meanings of “type” with respect to each “function” they are associated with. For each “Function-N”, “type” signifies: • I: input only. If a function other than “Function-N” is assigned, the input signal of “Function-N” is still from this pin. • I1: input only. If a function other than “Function-N” is assigned, the input signal of “Function-N” is always “1”. • I0: input only. If a function other than “Function-N” is assigned, the input signal of 7 “Function-N” is always “0”. • O: output only. • T: high-impedance. • I/O/T: combinations of input, output, and high-impedance according to the function signal. • I1/O/T: combinations of input, output, and high-impedance, according to the function signal. If a function is not selected, the input signal of the function is “1”. For example, pin 30 can function as HS1_CMD or SD_CMD, where HS1_CMD is of an “I1/O/T” type. If pin 30 is selected as HS1_CMD, this pin’s input and output are controlled by the SDIO host. If pin 30 is not selected as HS1_CMD, the input signal of the SDIO host is always “1”. Each digital output pin is associated with its configurable drive strength. Column “Drive Strength” in Table IO_MUX lists the default values. The drive strength of the digital output pins can be configured into one of the following four options: • 0: ~5 mA 8 • 1: ~10 mA • 2: ~20 mA • 3: ~40 mA The default value is 2. The drive strength of the internal pull-up (wpu) and pull-down (wpd) is ~75 µA. Column “At Reset” in Table IO_MUX lists the status of each pin during reset, including input- 9 enable (ie=1), internal pull-up (wpu) and internal pull-down (wpd). During reset, all pins are output-disabled. Column “After Reset” in Table IO_MUX lists the status of each pin immediately after reset, 10 including input-enable (ie=1), internal pull-up (wpu) and internal pull-down (wpd). After reset, each pin is set to “Function 1”. The output-enable is controlled by digital Function 1. Table Ethernet_MAC is about the signal mapping inside Ethernet MAC. The Ethernet MAC 11 supports MII and RMII interfaces, and supports both the internal PLL clock and the external clock source. For the MII interface, the Ethernet MAC is with/without the TX_ERR signal. MDC, MDIO, CRS and COL are slow signals, and can be mapped onto any GPIO pin through the GPIO-Matrix. Table GPIO Matrix is for the GPIO-Matrix. The signals of the on-chip functional modules can 12 be mapped onto any GPIO pin. Some signals can be mapped onto a pin by both IO-MUX and GPIO-Matrix, as shown in the column tagged as “Same input signal from IO_MUX core” in Table GPIO Matrix. Espressif Systems 43 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A No. Description *In Table GPIO_Matrix�the column “Default Value if unassigned” records the default value of 13 the an input signal if no GPIO is assigned to it. The actual value is determined by register GPIO_FUNCm_IN_INV_SEL and GPIO_FUNCm_IN_SEL. (The value of m ranges from 1 to 255.) A.2. GPIO_Matrix Table 25: GPIO_Matrix Same input Signal No. Input signals Default value signal from if unassigned* IO_MUX Output signals Output enable of output signals core 0 SPICLK_in 0 yes SPICLK_out SPICLK_oe 1 SPIQ_in 0 yes SPIQ_out SPIQ_oe 2 SPID_in 0 yes SPID_out SPID_oe 3 SPIHD_in 0 yes SPIHD_out SPIHD_oe 4 SPIWP_in 0 yes SPIWP_out SPIWP_oe 5 SPICS0_in 0 yes SPICS0_out SPICS0_oe 6 SPICS1_in 0 no SPICS1_out SPICS1_oe 7 SPICS2_in 0 no SPICS2_out SPICS2_oe 8 HSPICLK_in 0 yes HSPICLK_out HSPICLK_oe 9 HSPIQ_in 0 yes HSPIQ_out HSPIQ_oe 10 HSPID_in 0 yes HSPID_out HSPID_oe 11 HSPICS0_in 0 yes HSPICS0_out HSPICS0_oe 12 HSPIHD_in 0 yes HSPIHD_out HSPIHD_oe 13 HSPIWP_in 0 yes HSPIWP_out HSPIWP_oe 14 U0RXD_in 0 yes U0TXD_out 1’d1 15 U0CTS_in 0 yes U0RTS_out 1’d1 16 U0DSR_in 0 no U0DTR_out 1’d1 17 U1RXD_in 0 yes U1TXD_out 1’d1 18 U1CTS_in 0 yes U1RTS_out 1’d1 23 I2S0O_BCK_in 0 no I2S0O_BCK_out 1’d1 24 I2S1O_BCK_in 0 no I2S1O_BCK_out 1’d1 25 I2S0O_WS_in 0 no I2S0O_WS_out 1’d1 26 I2S1O_WS_in 0 no I2S1O_WS_out 1’d1 27 I2S0I_BCK_in 0 no I2S0I_BCK_out 1’d1 28 I2S0I_WS_in 0 no I2S0I_WS_out 1’d1 29 I2CEXT0_SCL_in 1 no I2CEXT0_SCL_out 1’d1 30 I2CEXT0_SDA_in 1 no I2CEXT0_SDA_out 1’d1 31 pwm0_sync0_in 0 no sdio_tohost_int_out 1’d1 32 pwm0_sync1_in 0 no pwm0_out0a 1’d1 33 pwm0_sync2_in 0 no pwm0_out0b 1’d1 34 pwm0_f0_in 0 no pwm0_out1a 1’d1 35 pwm0_f1_in 0 no pwm0_out1b 1’d1 Espressif Systems 44 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Same input Signal No. Input signals Default value signal from if unassigned IO_MUX Output signals Output enable of output signals core 36 pwm0_f2_in 0 no pwm0_out2a 1’d1 37 - 0 no pwm0_out2b 1’d1 39 pcnt_sig_ch0_in0 0 no - 1’d1 40 pcnt_sig_ch1_in0 0 no - 1’d1 41 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in0 0 no - 1’d1 42 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in0 0 no - 1’d1 43 pcnt_sig_ch0_in1 0 no - 1’d1 44 pcnt_sig_ch1_in1 0 no - 1’d1 45 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in1 0 no - 1’d1 46 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in1 0 no - 1’d1 47 pcnt_sig_ch0_in2 0 no - 1’d1 48 pcnt_sig_ch1_in2 0 no - 1’d1 49 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in2 0 no - 1’d1 50 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in2 0 no - 1’d1 51 pcnt_sig_ch0_in3 0 no - 1’d1 52 pcnt_sig_ch1_in3 0 no - 1’d1 53 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in3 0 no - 1’d1 54 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in3 0 no - 1’d1 55 pcnt_sig_ch0_in4 0 no - 1’d1 56 pcnt_sig_ch1_in4 0 no - 1’d1 57 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in4 0 no - 1’d1 58 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in4 0 no - 1’d1 61 HSPICS1_in 0 no HSPICS1_out HSPICS1_oe 62 HSPICS2_in 0 no HSPICS2_out HSPICS2_oe 63 VSPICLK_in 0 yes VSPICLK_out_mux VSPICLK_oe 64 VSPIQ_in 0 yes VSPIQ_out VSPIQ_oe 65 VSPID_in 0 yes VSPID_out VSPID_oe 66 VSPIHD_in 0 yes VSPIHD_out VSPIHD_oe 67 VSPIWP_in 0 yes VSPIWP_out VSPIWP_oe 68 VSPICS0_in 0 yes VSPICS0_out VSPICS0_oe 69 VSPICS1_in 0 no VSPICS1_out VSPICS1_oe 70 VSPICS2_in 0 no VSPICS2_out VSPICS2_oe 71 pcnt_sig_ch0_in5 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out0 1’d1 72 pcnt_sig_ch1_in5 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out1 1’d1 73 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in5 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out2 1’d1 74 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in5 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out3 1’d1 75 pcnt_sig_ch0_in6 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out4 1’d1 76 pcnt_sig_ch1_in6 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out5 1’d1 77 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in6 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out6 1’d1 78 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in6 0 no ledc_hs_sig_out7 1’d1 79 pcnt_sig_ch0_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out0 1’d1 Espressif Systems 45 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Same input Signal No. Input signals Default value signal from if unassigned IO_MUX Output enable Output signals of output signals core 80 pcnt_sig_ch1_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out1 1’d1 81 pcnt_ctrl_ch0_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out2 1’d1 82 pcnt_ctrl_ch1_in7 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out3 1’d1 83 rmt_sig_in0 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out4 1’d1 84 rmt_sig_in1 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out5 1’d1 85 rmt_sig_in2 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out6 1’d1 86 rmt_sig_in3 0 no ledc_ls_sig_out7 1’d1 87 rmt_sig_in4 0 no rmt_sig_out0 1’d1 88 rmt_sig_in5 0 no rmt_sig_out1 1’d1 89 rmt_sig_in6 0 no rmt_sig_out2 1’d1 90 rmt_sig_in7 0 no rmt_sig_out3 1’d1 91 - - - rmt_sig_out4 1’d1 92 - - - rmt_sig_out6 1’d1 94 - - - rmt_sig_out7 1’d1 95 I2CEXT1_SCL_in 1 no I2CEXT1_SCL_out 1’d1 96 I2CEXT1_SDA_in 1 no I2CEXT1_SDA_out 1’d1 97 host_card_detect_n_1 0 no host_ccmd_od_pullup_en_n 1’d1 98 host_card_detect_n_2 0 no host_rst_n_1 1’d1 99 host_card_write_prt_1 0 no host_rst_n_2 1’d1 100 host_card_write_prt_2 0 no gpio_sd0_out 1’d1 101 host_card_int_n_1 0 no gpio_sd1_out 1’d1 102 host_card_int_n_2 0 no gpio_sd2_out 1’d1 103 pwm1_sync0_in 0 no gpio_sd3_out 1’d1 104 pwm1_sync1_in 0 no gpio_sd4_out 1’d1 105 pwm1_sync2_in 0 no gpio_sd5_out 1’d1 106 pwm1_f0_in 0 no gpio_sd6_out 1’d1 107 pwm1_f1_in 0 no gpio_sd7_out 1’d1 108 pwm1_f2_in 0 no pwm1_out0a 1’d1 109 pwm0_cap0_in 0 no pwm1_out0b 1’d1 110 pwm0_cap1_in 0 no pwm1_out1a 1’d1 111 pwm0_cap2_in 0 no pwm1_out1b 1’d1 112 pwm1_cap0_in 0 no pwm1_out2a 1’d1 113 pwm1_cap1_in 0 no pwm1_out2b 1’d1 114 pwm1_cap2_in 0 no pwm2_out1h 1’d1 115 pwm2_flta 1 no pwm2_out1l 1’d1 116 pwm2_fltb 1 no pwm2_out2h 1’d1 117 pwm2_cap1_in 0 no pwm2_out2l 1’d1 118 pwm2_cap2_in 0 no pwm2_out3h 1’d1 119 pwm2_cap3_in 0 no pwm2_out3l 1’d1 120 pwm3_flta 1 no pwm2_out4h 1’d1 121 pwm3_fltb 1 no pwm2_out4l 1’d1 Espressif Systems 46 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Same input Signal No. Input signals Default value signal from if unassigned IO_MUX Output signals Output enable of output signals core 122 pwm3_cap1_in 0 no - 1’d1 123 pwm3_cap2_in 0 no - 1’d1 124 pwm3_cap3_in 0 no - 1’d1 140 I2S0I_DATA_in0 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out0 1’d1 141 I2S0I_DATA_in1 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out1 1’d1 142 I2S0I_DATA_in2 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out2 1’d1 143 I2S0I_DATA_in3 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out3 1’d1 144 I2S0I_DATA_in4 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out4 1’d1 145 I2S0I_DATA_in5 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out5 1’d1 146 I2S0I_DATA_in6 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out6 1’d1 147 I2S0I_DATA_in7 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out7 1’d1 148 I2S0I_DATA_in8 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out8 1’d1 149 I2S0I_DATA_in9 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out9 1’d1 150 I2S0I_DATA_in10 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out10 1’d1 151 I2S0I_DATA_in11 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out11 1’d1 152 I2S0I_DATA_in12 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out12 1’d1 153 I2S0I_DATA_in13 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out13 1’d1 154 I2S0I_DATA_in14 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out14 1’d1 155 I2S0I_DATA_in15 0 no I2S0O_DATA_out15 1’d1 156 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out16 1’d1 157 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out17 1’d1 158 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out18 1’d1 159 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out19 1’d1 160 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out20 1’d1 161 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out21 1’d1 162 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out22 1’d1 163 - - - I2S0O_DATA_out23 1’d1 164 I2S1I_BCK_in 0 no I2S1I_BCK_out 1’d1 165 I2S1I_WS_in 0 no I2S1I_WS_out 1’d1 166 I2S1I_DATA_in0 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out0 1’d1 167 I2S1I_DATA_in1 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out1 1’d1 168 I2S1I_DATA_in2 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out2 1’d1 169 I2S1I_DATA_in3 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out3 1’d1 170 I2S1I_DATA_in4 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out4 1’d1 171 I2S1I_DATA_in5 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out5 1’d1 172 I2S1I_DATA_in6 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out6 1’d1 173 I2S1I_DATA_in7 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out7 1’d1 174 I2S1I_DATA_in8 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out8 1’d1 175 I2S1I_DATA_in9 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out9 1’d1 176 I2S1I_DATA_in10 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out10 1’d1 177 I2S1I_DATA_in11 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out11 1’d1 Espressif Systems 47 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Same input Signal No. Input signals Default value signal from if unassigned IO_MUX Output signals Output enable of output signals core 178 I2S1I_DATA_in12 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out12 1’d1 179 I2S1I_DATA_in13 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out13 1’d1 180 I2S1I_DATA_in14 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out14 1’d1 181 I2S1I_DATA_in15 0 no I2S1O_DATA_out15 1’d1 182 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out16 1’d1 183 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out17 1’d1 184 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out18 1’d1 185 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out19 1’d1 186 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out20 1’d1 187 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out21 1’d1 188 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out22 1’d1 189 - - - I2S1O_DATA_out23 1’d1 190 I2S0I_H_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out1h 1’d1 191 I2S0I_V_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out1l 1’d1 192 I2S0I_H_ENABLE 0 no pwm3_out2h 1’d1 193 I2S1I_H_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out2l 1’d1 194 I2S1I_V_SYNC 0 no pwm3_out3h 1’d1 195 I2S1I_H_ENABLE 0 no pwm3_out3l 1’d1 196 - - - pwm3_out4h 1’d1 197 - - - pwm3_out4l 1’d1 198 U2RXD_in 0 yes U2TXD_out 1’d1 199 U2CTS_in 0 yes U2RTS_out 1’d1 200 emac_mdc_i 0 no emac_mdc_o emac_mdc_oe 201 emac_mdi_i 0 no emac_mdo_o emac_mdo_o_e 202 emac_crs_i 0 no emac_crs_o emac_crs_oe 203 emac_col_i 0 no emac_col_o emac_col_oe 204 pcmfsync_in 0 no bt_audio0_irq 1’d1 205 pcmclk_in 0 no bt_audio1_irq 1’d1 206 pcmdin 0 no bt_audio2_irq 1’d1 207 - - - ble_audio0_irq 1’d1 208 - - - ble_audio1_irq 1’d1 209 - - - ble_audio2_irq 1’d1 210 - - - pcmfsync_out pcmfsync_en 211 - - - pcmclk_out pcmclk_en 212 - - - pcmdout pcmdout_en 213 - - - ble_audio_sync0_p 1’d1 214 - - - ble_audio_sync1_p 1’d1 215 - - - ble_audio_sync2_p 1’d1 224 - - - sig_in_func224 1’d1 225 - - - sig_in_func225 1’d1 226 - - - sig_in_func226 1’d1 Espressif Systems 48 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Same input Signal No. Input signals Default value signal from if unassigned IO_MUX Output enable Output signals of output signals core 227 - - - sig_in_func227 1’d1 228 - - - sig_in_func228 1’d1 A.3. Ethernet_MAC Table 26: Ethernet_MAC PIN Name Function6 MII (int_osc) MII (ext_osc) RMII (int_osc) RMII (ext_osc) GPIO0 EMAC_TX_CLK TX_CLK (I) TX_CLK (I) CLK_OUT(O) EXT_OSC_CLK(I) GPIO5 EMAC_RX_CLK RX_CLK (I) RX_CLK (I) - - GPIO21 EMAC_TX_EN TX_EN(O) TX_EN(O) TX_EN(O) TX_EN(O) GPIO19 EMAC_TXD0 TXD[0](O) TXD[0](O) TXD[0](O) TXD[0](O) GPIO22 EMAC_TXD1 TXD[1](O) TXD[1](O) TXD[1](O) TXD[1](O) MTMS EMAC_TXD2 TXD[2](O) TXD[2](O) - - MTDI EMAC_TXD3 TXD[3](O) TXD[3](O) - - MTCK EMAC_RX_ER RX_ER(I) RX_ER(I) - - GPIO27 EMAC_RX_DV RX_DV(I) RX_DV(I) CRS_DV(I) CRS_DV(I) GPIO25 EMAC_RXD0 RXD[0](I) RXD[0](I) RXD[0](I) RXD[0](I) GPIO26 EMAC_RXD1 RXD[1](I) RXD[1](I) RXD[1](I) RXD[1](I) U0TXD EMAC_RXD2 RXD[2](I) RXD[2](I) - - MTDO EMAC_RXD3 RXD[3](I) RXD[3](I) - - GPIO16 EMAC_CLK_OUT CLK_OUT(O) - CLK_OUT(O) - GPIO17 EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 CLK_OUT_180(O) - CLK_OUT_180(O) - GPIO4 EMAC_TX_ER TX_ERR(O)* TX_ERR(O)* - - In GPIO Matrix* - MDC(O) MDC(O) MDC(O) MDC(O) In GPIO Matrix* - MDIO(IO) MDIO(IO) MDIO(IO) MDIO(IO) In GPIO Matrix* - CRS(I) CRS(I) - - In GPIO Matrix* - COL(I) COL(I) - - *Notes: 1. The GPIO Matrix can be any GPIO. 2. The TX_ERR (O) is optional. A.4. IO_MUX For the list of IO_MUX pins, please see the next page. Espressif Systems 49 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Appendix A Espressif Systems IO_MUX Pin No. Power Supply Pin 1 VDDA 2 Analog Pin Digital Pin VDD3P3 4 VDD3P3 Analog Function1 Analog Function2 Analog Function3 RTC Function1 RTC Function2 Function1 Type Function2 Type Function3 Type Function4 Type Function5 Type Function6 Type Drive Strength (2’d2: 20 mA) At Reset After Reset VDDA supply in LNA_IN 3 Power Domain VDD3P3 VDD3P3 supply in VDD3P3 supply in 5 SENSOR_VP VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH0 RTC_GPIO0 GPIO36 I GPIO36 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 6 SENSOR_CAPP VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH1 RTC_GPIO1 GPIO37 I GPIO37 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 7 SENSOR_CAPN VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH2 RTC_GPIO2 GPIO38 I GPIO38 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 8 SENSOR_VN VDD3P3_RTC ADC_H ADC1_CH3 RTC_GPIO3 GPIO39 I GPIO39 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 9 CHIP_PU VDD3P3_RTC 10 VDET_1 VDD3P3_RTC ADC1_CH6 RTC_GPIO4 GPIO34 I GPIO34 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 11 VDET_2 VDD3P3_RTC RTC_GPIO5 GPIO35 I GPIO35 I oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 12 32K_XP VDD3P3_RTC XTAL_32K_P ADC1_CH4 TOUCH9 RTC_GPIO9 GPIO32 I/O/T GPIO32 I/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 13 32K_XN VDD3P3_RTC XTAL_32K_N ADC1_CH5 TOUCH8 RTC_GPIO8 GPIO33 I/O/T GPIO33 I/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 ADC1_CH7 14 GPIO25 VDD3P3_RTC DAC_1 ADC2_CH8 RTC_GPIO6 GPIO25 I/O/T GPIO25 I/O/T EMAC_RXD0 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 15 GPIO26 VDD3P3_RTC DAC_2 ADC2_CH9 RTC_GPIO7 GPIO26 I/O/T GPIO26 I/O/T EMAC_RXD1 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=0 16 GPIO27 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH7 TOUCH7 RTC_GPIO17 GPIO27 I/O/T GPIO27 I/O/T EMAC_RX_DV I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 17 MTMS VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH6 TOUCH6 RTC_GPIO16 MTMS I0 HSPICLK I/O/T GPIO14 I/O/T HS2_CLK O SD_CLK I0 EMAC_TXD2 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 18 MTDI VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH5 TOUCH5 RTC_GPIO15 MTDI I1 HSPIQ I/O/T GPIO12 I/O/T HS2_DATA2 I1/O/T SD_DATA2 I1/O/T EMAC_TXD3 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpd oe=0, ie=1, wpd MTCK I1 HSPID I/O/T GPIO13 I/O/T HS2_DATA3 I1/O/T SD_DATA3 I1/O/T EMAC_RX_ER I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 EMAC_RXD3 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpd oe=0, ie=1, wpd 19 VDD3P3_RTC VDD3P3_RTC supply in 20 MTCK VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH4 TOUCH4 RTC_GPIO14 21 MTDO VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH3 TOUCH3 RTC_GPIO13 I2C_SDA MTDO O/T HSPICS0 I/O/T GPIO15 I/O/T HS2_CMD I1/O/T SD_CMD I1/O/T 22 GPIO2 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH2 TOUCH2 RTC_GPIO12 I2C_SCL GPIO2 I/O/T HSPIWP I/O/T GPIO2 I/O/T HS2_DATA0 I1/O/T SD_DATA0 I1/O/T 23 GPIO0 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH1 TOUCH1 RTC_GPIO11 I2C_SDA GPIO0 I/O/T CLK_OUT1 O GPIO0 I/O/T 24 GPIO4 VDD3P3_RTC ADC2_CH0 TOUCH0 RTC_GPIO10 I2C_SCL GPIO4 I/O/T HSPIHD I/O/T GPIO4 I/O/T HS2_DATA1 I1/O/T SD_DATA1 25 GPIO16 VDD_SDIO GPIO16 I/O/T GPIO16 I/O/T HS1_DATA4 I1/O/T GPIO17 I/O/T HS1_DATA5 26 VDD_SDIO 50 EMAC_TX_CLK I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu I1/O/T EMAC_TX_ER O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpd oe=0, ie=1, wpd U2RXD I1 EMAC_CLK_OUT O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 I1/O/T U2TXD O EMAC_CLK_OUT_180 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 VDD_SDIO supply out/in 27 GPIO17 VDD_SDIO GPIO17 I/O/T 28 SD_DATA_2 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA2 I1/O/T SPIHD I/O/T GPIO9 I/O/T HS1_DATA2 I1/O/T U1RXD I1 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 29 SD_DATA_3 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA3 I0/O/T SPIWP I/O/T GPIO10 I/O/T HS1_DATA3 I1/O/T U1TXD O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 30 SD_CMD VDD_SDIO SD_CMD I1/O/T SPICS0 I/O/T GPIO11 I/O/T HS1_CMD I1/O/T U1RTS O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 31 SD_CLK VDD_SDIO SD_CLK I0 SPICLK I/O/T GPIO6 I/O/T HS1_CLK O U1CTS I1 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 32 SD_DATA_0 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA0 I1/O/T SPIQ I/O/T GPIO7 I/O/T HS1_DATA0 I1/O/T U2RTS O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 33 SD_DATA_1 VDD_SDIO SD_DATA1 I1/O/T SPID I/O/T GPIO8 I/O/T HS1_DATA1 I1/O/T U2CTS I1 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 34 GPIO5 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO5 I/O/T VSPICS0 I/O/T GPIO5 I/O/T HS1_DATA6 I1/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 35 GPIO18 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO18 I/O/T VSPICLK I/O/T GPIO18 I/O/T HS1_DATA7 I1/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 36 GPIO23 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO23 I/O/T VSPID I/O/T GPIO23 I/O/T HS1_STROBE I0 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 37 VDD3P3_CPU EMAC_RX_CLK I VDD3P3_CPU supply in 38 GPIO19 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO19 I/O/T VSPIQ I/O/T GPIO19 I/O/T U0CTS I1 EMAC_TXD0 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 39 GPIO22 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO22 I/O/T VSPIWP I/O/T GPIO22 I/O/T U0RTS O EMAC_TXD1 O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 40 U0RXD VDD3P3_CPU U0RXD I1 CLK_OUT2 O GPIO3 I/O/T 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 41 U0TXD VDD3P3_CPU U0TXD O CLK_OUT3 O GPIO1 I/O/T EMAC_RXD2 I 2'd2 oe=0, ie=1, wpu oe=0, ie=1, wpu 42 GPIO21 VDD3P3_CPU GPIO21 I/O/T VSPIHD I/O/T GPIO21 I/O/T EMAC_TX_EN O 2'd2 oe=0, ie=0 oe=0, ie=1 43 VDDA 44 45 46 VDDA supply in XTAL_N VDDA XTAL_P VDDA VDDA VDDA supply in 47 CAP2 48 CAP1 Total Number 8 14 VDDA VDDA 26 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Notes: • wpu: weak pull-up; • wpd: weak pull-down; • ie: input enable; • oe: output enable; • Please see Table: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists for more information.（请参考表：管脚清单说明。） Espressif www.espressif.com Revision History Revision History Date Version 2019.04 V3.0 Release notes Added information about the setup and hold times for the strapping pins in Section 2.4: Strapping Pins. Applied new formatting to Table 1: Pin Description; 2019.02 V2.9 Fixed typos with respect to the ADC1 channel mappings in Table 10: Peripheral Pin Configurations. Changed the RF power control range in Table 18, Table 20 and Table 22 from –12 2019.01 V2.8 ~ +12 to –12 ~ +9 dBm; Small text changes. 2018.11 V2.7 2018.10 V2.6 Updated Section 1.5; Updated pin statuses at reset and after reset in Table IO_MUX. Updated QFN package drawings in Chapter 6: Package Information. • Added ”Cumulative IO output current” entry to Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings; 2018.08 V2.5 • Added more parameters to Table 13: DC Characteristics; • Changed the power domain names in Table IO_MUX to be consistent with the pin names. • Deleted information on Packet Traffic Arbitration (PTA); • Added Figure 5: ESP32 Power-up and Reset Timing in Section 2.3: Power 2018.07 V2.4 Scheme; • Added the power consumption of dual-core SoCs in Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes; • Updated section 4.1.2: Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). 2018.06 V2.3 Added the power consumption at CPU frequency of 160 MHz in Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes. • Changed the voltage range of VDD3P3_RTC from 1.8-3.6V to 2.3-3.6V in Table 1: Pin Description; • Updated Section 2.3: Power Scheme; • Updated Section 3.1.3: External Flash and SRAM; • Updated Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes; • Deleted content about temperature sensor; Changes to electrical characteristics: • Updated Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings; 2018.05 V2.2 • Added Table 12: Recommended Operating Conditions; • Added Table 13: DC Characteristics; • Added Table 14: Reliability Qualifications; • Updated the values of ”Gain control step” and ”Adjacent channel transmit power” in Table 18: Transmitter Characteristics - Basic Data Rate; • Updated the values of ”Gain control step”, ”π/4 DQPSK modulation accuracy”, ”8 DPSK modulation accuracy” and ”In-band spurious emissions” in Table 20: Transmitter Characteristics – Enhanced Data Rate; • Updated the values of ”Gain control step”, ”Adjacent channel transmit power” in Table 22: Transmitter Characteristics - BLE. Espressif Systems 51 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Revision History Date Version Release notes • Deleted software-specific features; 2018.01 V2.1 • Deleted information on LNA pre-amplifier; • Specified the CPU speed and flash speed of ESP32-D2WD; • Added notes to Section 2.3: Power Scheme. 2017.12 V2.0 Added a note on the sequence of pin number in Chapter 6. • Updated the description of the pin CHIP_PU in Table 1; • Added a note to Section 2.3: Power Scheme; • Updated the description of the chip’s system reset in Section 2.4: Strapping 2017.10 V1.9 Pins; • Added a description of antenna diversity and selection to Section 3.5.1; • Deleted ”Association sleep pattern” in Table 6 and added notes to Active sleep and Modem-sleep. 2017.08 V1.8 • Added Table 4.2 in Section 4; • Corrected a typo in Figure 1. • Changed the transmitting power to +12 dBm; the sensitivity of NZIF receiver to -97 dBm in Section 1.3; • Added a note to Table 1 Pin Description; • Added 160 MHz clock frequency in section 3.1.1; • Changed the transmitting power from 21 dBm to 20.5 dBm in Section 3.5.1; • Changed the dynamic control range of class-1, class-2 and class-3 transmit output powers to ”up to 24 dBm”; and changed the dynamic range of NZIF receiver sensitivity to ”over 97 dB” in Section 3.6.1; • Updated Table 6: Power Consumption by Power Modes, and added two notes to it; 2017.08 V1.7 • Updated sections 4.1.1, 4.1.9; • Updated Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings; • Updated Table 15: RF Power Consumption Specifications, and changed the duty cycle on which the transmitters’ measurements are based by 50%. • Updated Table 16: Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics and added a note on “Output impedance” to it; • Updated parameter ”Sensitivity” in Table 17, 19, 21; • Updated parameters ”RF transmit power” and ”RF power control range”, and added parameter ”Gain control step” in Table 18, 20, 22; • Deleted Chapters: ”Touch Sensor” and ”Code Examples”; • Added a link to certification download. Corrected two typos: 2017.06 V1.6 • Changed the number of external components to 20 in Section 1.1.2; • Changed the number of GPIO pins to 34 in Section 4.1.1. • Changed the power supply range in Section: 1.4.1 CPU and Memory; • Updated the note in Section 2.3: Power Scheme; 2017.06 V1.5 • Updated Table 11: Absolute Maximum Ratings; • Changed the drive strength values of the digital output pins in Note 8, in Table 24: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists; • Added the option to subscribe for notifications of documentation changes. Espressif Systems 52 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0 Revision History Date Version Release notes • Added a note to the frequency of the external crystal oscillator in Section 1.4.2: Clocks and Timers; • Added a note to Section 2.4: Strapping Pins; • Updated Section 3.7: RTC and Low-Power Management; 2017.05 V1.4 • Changed the maximum driving capability from 12 mA to 80 mA, in Table 11: Absolulte Maximum Ratings; • Changed the input impedance value of 50Ω, in Table 16: Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics, to output impedance value of 30+j10 Ω; • Added a note to No.8 in Table 24: Notes on ESP32 Pin Lists; • Deleted GPIO20 in Table IO_MUX. • Added Appendix: ESP32 Pin Lists; 2017.04 V1.3 • Updated Table: Wi-Fi Radio Characteristics; • Updated Figure: ESP32 Pin Layout (for QFN 5*5). 2017.03 V1.2 • Added a note to Table: Pin Description; • Updated the note in Section: Internal Memory. • Added Chapter: Part Number and Ordering Information; • Updated Section: MCU and Advanced Features; • Updated Section: Block Diagram; • Updated Chapter: Pin Definitions; 2017.02 V1.1 • Updated Section: CPU and Memory; • Updated Section: Audio PLL Clock; • Updated Section: Absolute Maximum Ratings; • Updated Chapter: Package Information; • Updated Chapter: Learning Resources. 2016.08 V1.0 Espressif Systems First release. 53 ESP32 Datasheet V3.0