RoHS Compliant
Serial ATA Flash Drive
SFD25A Product Specifications
December 14, 2015
Version 1.5
Apacer Technology Inc.
1F, No.32, Zhongcheng Rd., Tucheng Dist., New Taipei City, Taiwan, R.O.C
Tel: +886-2-2267-8000
www.apacer.com
Fax: +886-2-2267-2261
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
Features:
Compliance with SATA Revision 3.1
Serial ATA Revision 3.1
SATA 6.0 Gbps interface
Backward compatible with SATA 1.5 and
3.0 Gbps interfaces
ATA-8 command set
Temperature Range
Operating:
Standard: 0°C to 70°C
Extended: -40°C to 85°C
Storage: -40°C to 100°C
Supply Voltage
5.0 V
5%
Capacity
8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256 GB
Power Consumption*
Standard:
Active mode: 275 mA
Idle mode: 105 mA
High speed:
Active mode: 500 mA
Idle mode: 65 mA
Performance*
Interface burst read/write: 600 MB/sec
Standard speed:
Sustained read: up to 160 MB/sec
Sustained write: up to 150 MB/sec
High speed:
Sustained read: up to 530 MB/sec
Sustained write: up to 445 MB/sec
Random read (4K): up to 88,000 IOPS
Random write (4K): up to 76,000 IOPS
Form Factor
2.5
Dimensions with 7mm enclosure:
100.00 x 69.85 x 6.90, unit: mm
Dimensions with 9.5mm enclosure:
100.00 x 69.84 x 9.30, unit: mm
Flash Management
Built-in hardware ECC
Static/dynamic wear leveling
Flash bad-block management
S.M.A.R.T.
Power Failure Management
ATA Secure Erase
TRIM
Connector
7-pin SATA signal connector
15-pin SATA power connector
NAND Flash Type: SLC
Shock & Vibration**
Shock: 1,500 G
Vibration: 15 G
SATA Power Management Modes
Device Sleep Mode (optional)
RoHS Compliant
*The values addressed here are typical and may vary depending on settings and platforms.
**Non-operating
1
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
Table of Contents
1.
Product Description ............................................................................................... 3
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................3
Capacity Specification ................................................................................................................................3
Performance ................................................................................................................................................3
Pin Assignments ..........................................................................................................................................4
2. Software Interface ..................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Command Set ..............................................................................................................................................6
2.2 S.M.A.R.T. ...................................................................................................................................................6
3.
Flash Management ................................................................................................. 8
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
4.
Reliability Specifications ..................................................................................... 10
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.
Operating Voltage ..................................................................................................................................... 11
Power Consumption ................................................................................................................................. 11
Mechanical Specifications ................................................................................... 12
6.1
6.2
7.
Environmental .......................................................................................................................................... 10
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) ................................................................................................... 10
Certification and Compliance .................................................................................................................. 10
Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................................... 11
5.1
5.2
6.
Error Correction/Detection ....................................................................................................................... 8
Bad Block Management .............................................................................................................................8
Wear Leveling ............................................................................................................................................. 8
Power Failure Management .......................................................................................................................8
ATA Secure Erase.......................................................................................................................................8
TRIM ........................................................................................................................................................... 9
SATA Power Management ........................................................................................................................ 9
7mm Type Dimensions ............................................................................................................................. 12
9. 5mm Type Dimensions ......................................................................................................................... 13
Product Ordering Information ............................................................................. 14
7.1
7.2
Product Code Designation........................................................................................................................14
Valid Combination.................................................................................................................................... 15
2
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
1. Product Description
1.1 Introduction
SFD25A is a well-balanced solid-state disk (SSD) drive with standard form factor and great
performance. Designed in SATA 6.0 Gbps interface, the SSD is able to deliver exceptional read/write speed,
making it the ideal companion for heavy-loading industrial or server operations. In regard of reliability, the drive
comes with various implementations including powerful hardware ECC engine, power saving modes, wear
leveling, flash block management, S.M.A.R.T., TRIM, and power failure management.
1.2 Capacity Specifications
Table 1-1 Capacity Specifications
Capacity
Total Bytes*
Cylinders
Heads
Sectors
Max LBA*
8 GB
8,012,390,400
15,525
16
63
15,649,200
16 GB
16,013,942,784
16,383
16
63
31,277,232
32 GB
32,017,047,552
16,383
16
63
62,533,296
64 GB
64,023,257,088
16,383
16
63
125,045,424
128 GB
128,035,676,160
16,383
16
63
250,069,680
256 GB
256,060,514,304
16,383
16
63
500,118,192
*Display of total bytes varies from file systems.
**Cylinders, heads or sectors are not applicable for these capacities. Only LBA addressing applies.
***LBA count addressed in the table above indicates total user storage capacity and will remain the same throughout the lifespan of
the device. However, the total usable capacity of the SSD is most likely to be less than the total physical capacity because a small
portion of the capacity is reserved for device maintenance usages.
1.3 Performance
Table 1-2 Performance (Standard)
Capacity
Performance
Sustained Read
(MB/s)
Sustained Write
(MB/s)
8 GB
16 GB
32 GB
64 GB
128 GB
155
155
160
160
160
110
145
145
150
150
Table 1-3 Performance (High-speed)
Capacity
Performance
Sustained Read
(MB/s)
Sustained Write
(MB/s)
Random Read
IOPS (4K)
Random Write
IOPS (4K)
32 GB
64 GB
128 GB
256 GB
530
530
530
310
270
440
445
440
81,000
82,000
82,000
88,000
62,000
73,000
76,000
76,000
Note: Performance varies from flash configurations or host system settings.
IOPS: measured on 8GB span (16777216 sectors Disk Size), 32 Outstanding I/Os (QD=32), Full Random Data pattern,
4KB Align I/Os and test durations 15minutes.
3
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
1.4 Pin Assignments
Table 1-4 describes the SFD signal segment, and Table1-5, power segment.
Figure 1-1 SATA Connectors
Table 1-4 Signal Segment
Pin
Type
S1
GND
Table 1-5 Power Segment
Description
S2
RxP
+ Differential Receive
S3
RxN
- Differential Receive
S4
GND
S5
TxN
- Differential Transmit
S6
TxP
+ Differential Transmit
S7
GND
Pin
Signal/Description
P1
Unused (3.3V)
P2
Unused (3.3V)
P3
Unused or Device Sleep*
P4
Ground
P5
Ground
P6
Ground
P7
5V
P8
5V
P9
5V
P10
Ground
P11
DAS
P12
Ground
P13
Unused (12V)
P14
Unused (12V)
P15
Unused (12V)
*P3 can be configured as Device Sleep trigger by option
4
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
Figure 1-3 SATA Cable/Connector Connection Diagram
The connector on the left represents the Host with TX/RX differential pairs connected to a cable. The connector
on the right shows the Device with TX/RX differential pairs also connected to the cable. Notice also the ground
path connecting the shielding of the cable to the Cable Receptacle.
5
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
2. Software Interface
2.1
Command Set
Table 2-1 summarizes the ATA commands supported by SFD25A.
Table 2-1:
Command Set
Code
Command
Code
Command
E5h
Check Power Mode
F6h
Security Disable Password
90h
Execute Diagnostics
F3h
Security Erase Prepare
E7h
Flush Cache
F4h
Security Erase Unit
ECh
Identify Device
F5h
Security Freeze Lock
E3h
Idle
F1h
Security Set Password
E1h
Idle Immediate
F2h
Security Unlock
91h
Initialize Device Parameters
7Xh
Seek
C8h
Read DMA
EFh
Set Features
25h
Read DMA EXT
C6h
Set Multiple Mode
60h
Read FPDMA Queued
E6h
Sleep
47h
Read Log DMA EXT
B0h
S.M.A.R.T.
2Fh
Read Log EXT
E2h
Standby
C4h
Read Multiple
E0h
Standby Immediate
20 or 21h
Read Sector(s)
CAh
Write DMA
40 or 41h
Read Verify Sector(s)
35h
Write DMA EXT
10h
Recalibrate
61h
Write FPDMA Queued
57h
Write Log DMA EXT
3Fh
Write Log EXT
C5h
Write Multiple
30h or 31h
Write Sector(s)
2.2 S.M.A.R.T.
S.M.A.R.T. is an abbreviation for Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology, a self-monitoring
system that provides indicators of drive health as well as potential disk problems. It serves as a warning for
users from unscheduled downtime by monitoring and displaying critical drive information. Ideally, this should
allow taking proactive actions to prevent drive failure and make use of S.M.A.R.T. information for future product
development reference.
Apacer devices use the standard SMART command B0h to read data out from the drive to activate our
S.M.A.R.T. feature that complies with the ATA/ATAPI specifications. S.M.A.R.T. Attribute IDs shall include
initial bad block count, total later bad block count, maximum erase count, average erase count, power on hours
and power cycle. When the S.M.A.R.T. Utility running on the host, it analyzes and reports the disk status to the
host before the device reaches in critical condition.
Note: attribute IDs may vary from product models due to various solution design and supporting capabilities.
6
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
Apacer memory products come with S.M.A.R.T. commands and subcommands for users to obtain information
of drive status and to predict potential drive failures. Users can take advantage of the following
commands/subcommands to monitor the health of the drive.
Code
D0h
D1h
D2h
D4h
D5h
D6h
D8h
D9h
Dah
Byte
0
1 2
3
4
5*-11
SMART Subcommand
READ DATA
READ ATTRIBUTE THRESHOLDS
Enable/Disable Attribute Autosave
Execute Off-line Immediate
Read Log (optional)
Write Log (optional)
Enable Operations
Disable operations
Return Status
General SMART attribute structure
Description
ID (Hex)
Status flag
Value
Worst
Raw Data
*Byte 5: LSB
ID (Hex)
9 (0x09)
12 (0x0C)
163 (0xA3)
164 (0xA4)
166 (0xA6)
167 (0xA7)
168 (0xA8)
175 (0xAF)
192 (0xC0)
194 (0xC2)
241 (0xF1)
SMART attribute ID list
Attribute Name
Power-on hours
Power cycle count
Max. erase count
Avg. erase count
Total later bad block count
SSD Protect Mode (vendor specific)
SATA PHY Error Count
Bad Cluster Table Count
Unexpected Power Loss Count
Temperature
Total sectors of write
7
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
3.
Flash Management
3.1 Error Correction/Detection
SFD25A implements a hardware ECC scheme, based on the BCH algorithm. It can detect and correct up to 40
bits error in 1K bytes.
3.2 Bad Block Management
Current production technology is unable to guarantee total reliability of NAND flash memory array. When a
flash memory device leaves factory, it comes with a minimal number of initial bad blocks during production or
out-of-factory as there is no currently known technology that produce flash chips free of bad blocks. In addition,
bad blocks may develop during program/erase cycles. When host performs program/erase command on a
block, bad block may appear in Status Register. Since bad blocks are inevitable, the solution is to keep them in
control. Apacer flash devices are programmed with ECC, block mapping technique and S.M.A.R.T to reduce
invalidity or error. Once bad blocks are detected, data in those blocks will be transferred to free blocks and
error will be corrected by designated algorithms.
3.3 Wear Leveling
Flash memory devices differ from Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) in terms of how blocks are utilized. For HDDs,
when a change is made to stored data, like erase or update, the controller mechanism on HDDs will perform
overwrites on blocks. Unlike HDDs, flash blocks cannot be overwritten and each P/E cycle wears down the
lifespan of blocks gradually. Repeatedly program/erase cycles performed on the same memory cells will
eventually cause some blocks to age faster than others. This would bring flash storages to their end of service
term sooner. Wear leveling is an important mechanism that level out the wearing of blocks so that the
wearing-down of blocks can be almost evenly distributed. This will increase the lifespan of SSDs. Commonly
used wear leveling types are Static and Dynamic.
3.4
Power Failure Management
Power Failure Management plays a crucial role when experiencing unstable power supply. Power disruption
may occur when users are storing data into the SSD. In this urgent situation, the controller would run multiple
write-to-flash cycles to store the metadata for later block rebuilding. This urgent operation requires about
several milliseconds to get it done. At the next power up, the firmware will perform a status tracking to retrieve
the mapping table and resume previously programmed NAND blocks to check if there is any incompleteness of
transmission.
Note: The controller unit of this product model is designed with a DRAM as a write cache for improved performance and data efficiency.
Though unlikely to happen in most cases, the data cached in the volatile DRAM might be potentially affected if a sudden power loss takes
place before the cached data is flushed into non-volatile NAND flash memory.
3.5
ATA Secure Erase
ATA Secure Erase is an ATA disk purging command currently embedded in most of the storage drives. Defined
in ATA specifications, (ATA) Secure Erase is part of Security Feature Set that allows storage drives to erase all
user data areas. The erase process usually runs on the firmware level as most of the ATA-based storage
media currently in the market are built-in with this command. ATA Secure Erase can securely wipe out the user
data in the drive and protects it from malicious attack.
8
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
3.6 TRIM
TRIM is a SATA command that helps improve the read/write performance and efficiency of solid-state drives
(SSD). The command enables the host operating system to inform SSD controller which blocks contain invalid
data, mostly because of the erase commands from host. The invalid will be discarded permanently and the
SSD will retain more space for itself.
3.7 SATA Power Management
By complying with SATA 6.0 Gb/s specifications, the SSD supports the following SATA power saving modes:
ACTIVE: PHY ready, full power, Tx & Rx operational
PARTIAL: Reduces power, resumes in under 10 µs (microseconds)
SLUMBER: Reduces power, resumes in under 10 ms (milliseconds)
HIPM: Host-Initiated Power Management
DIPM: Device-Initiated Power Management
AUTO-SLUMBER: Automatic transition from partial to slumber.
Device Sleep (DevSleep or DEVSLP): PHY powered down; power consumption
5 mW; host assertion
10 ms; exit timeout from this state
20 ms (unless specified otherwise in SATA Identify Device
time
Log).
Note:
1. The behaviors of power management features would depend on host/device settings.
2. Device Sleep mode is optional, depending on product ordering selections.
9
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
4.
Reliability Specifications
4.1 Environmental
SFD25A environmental specifications follow MIL-STD-810F, as indicated in the following table.
Table 4-1 SFD25A Environmental Specifications
Environment
Temperature
Humidity
Vibration
Shock
Specifications
0°C to 70°C (Operating) / -40°C to 85°C (extended)
-40°C to 100°C (Non-operating)
RH 90% under 40°C
Non-operating : Sine wave, 15(G), 10~2000(Hz),
Operating : Random, 7.69(Grms), 20~2000(Hz)
Non-operating: Acceleration, 1,500 G, 0.5 ms
Operating: Peak acceleration, 50 G, 11 ms
4.2 Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF)
Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF) is predicted based on reliability data for the individual components in
SFD drive. The prediction result for the SFD25A is more than 2,000,000 hours.
Notes about the MTBF:
The MTBF is predicated and calculated based on Telcordia Technologies Special Report, SR-332, Issue 2
method.
4.3 Certification and Compliance
SFD25A complies with the following standards:
CE
FCC
RoHS
MIL-STD-810F
10
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
5. Electrical Characteristics
5.1 Operating Voltage
Table 5-1 lists the supply voltage for SFD25A.
Table 5-1 SFD25A Operating Voltage
Parameter
Conditions
Supply voltage
5V ± 5% ( 4.75-5.25 V)
5.2 Power Consumption
Table 5-2 Power Consumption (Standard)
Capacity
8 GB
16 GB
32 GB
64 GB
128 GB
Active (mA)
220
275
275
275
275
Idle (mA)
100
100
100
100
105
Mode
Table 5-2 Power Consumption (High-speed)
Capacity
Mode
32 GB
64 GB
128 GB
256 GB
Active (mA)
320
460
470
500
Idle (mA)
95
95
95
65
Note: Power consumptions may vary depending on settings and platforms.
11
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
6. Mechanical Specifications
6.1 7mm Type Dimensions
Unit:
Tolerance: ± 0.2
Figure 6-1 SFD25A with 7mm Housing Physical Dimensions
12
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
6.2 9. 5mm Type Dimensions
Unit:
Tolerance: ± 0.2
Figure 6-2 SFD25A with 9.5mm Housing Physical Dimensions
13
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
7.
Product Ordering Information
7.1
Product Code Designation
AP
S
25A X
X
xxxx -
X
T X
Temperature Range
Blank: Standard
W: Extended Temperature
Flash Type
Version Control
Capacity
008G = 8GB
016G = 16GB
032G = 32GB
064G = 64GB
128G = 128GB
256G = 256GB
Housing Type
B= 9.5mm
7= 7mm
Solution Version
2.5 inch Form Factor
Serial ATA Flash Drive
Apacer Product Code
14
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
7.2 Valid Combination
A. Standard Speed
7.2.1 9.5mm Metal Housing / Operating Temperature ( 0°C ~ 70°C)
Capacity
8 GB
16GB
32GB
64GB
128GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25ABB008G-AT
APS25ABB016G-AT
APS25ABB032G-AT
APS25ABB064G-AT
APS25ABB128G-AT
DEVSLP
APS25ABB008G-BT
APS25ABB016G-BT
APS25ABB032G-BT
APS25ABB064G-BT
APS25ABB128G-BT
7.2.2 9.5mm Metal Housing / Operating Temperature (-40°C ~ 85°C)
Capacity
8 GB
16GB
32GB
64GB
128GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25ABB008G-ATW
APS25ABB016G-ATW
APS25ABB032G-ATW
APS25ABB064G-ATW
APS25ABB128G-ATW
DEVSLP
APS25ABB008G-BTW
APS25ABB016G-BTW
APS25ABB032G-BTW
APS25ABB064G-BTW
APS25ABB128G-BTW
7.2.3 7mm Housing / Operating Temperature (0°C ~ 70°C)
Capacity
8 GB
16GB
32GB
64GB
128GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25AB7008G-AT
APS25AB7016G-AT
APS25AB7032G-AT
APS25AB7064G-AT
APS25AB7128G-AT
DEVSLP
APS25AB7008G-BT
APS25AB7016G-BT
APS25AB7032G-BT
APS25AB7064G-BT
APS25AB7128G-BT
7.2.4 7mm Housing / Operating Temperature (-40°C ~ 85°C)
Capacity
8 GB
16GB
32GB
64GB
128GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25AB7008G-ATW
APS25AB7016G-ATW
APS25AB7032G-ATW
APS25AB7064G-ATW
APS25AB7128G-ATW
DEVSLP
APS25AB7008G-BTW
APS25AB7016G-BTW
APS25AB7032G-BTW
APS25AB7064G-BTW
APS25AB7128G-BTW
15
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
B. High Speed
7.2.5 9.5mm Metal Housing / Operating Temperature ( 0°C ~ 70°C)
Capacity
32GB
64GB
128GB
256GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25A7B032G-3AT
APS25A7B064G-3AT
APS25A7B128G-3AT
APS25A7B256G-3AT
DEVSLP
APS25A7B032G-3BT
APS25A7B064G-3BT
APS25A7B128G-3BT
APS25A7B256G-3BT
7.2.6 9.5mm Metal Housing / Operating Temperature (-40°C ~ 85°C)
Capacity
32GB
64GB
128GB
256GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25A7B032G-3ATW
APS25A7B064G-3ATW
APS25A7B128G-3ATW
APS25A7B256G-3ATW
DEVSLP
APS25A7B032G-3BTW
APS25A7B064G-3BTW
APS25A7B128G-3BTW
APS25A7B256G-3BTW
7.2.7 7mm Housing / Operating Temperature (0°C ~ 70°C)
Capacity
32GB
64GB
128GB
256GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25A77032G-3AT
APS25A77064G-3AT
APS25A77128G-3AT
APS25A77256G-3AT
DEVSLP
APS25A77032G-3BT
APS25A77064G-3BT
APS25A77128G-3BT
APS25A77256G-3BT
7.2.8 7mm Housing / Operating Temperature (-40°C ~ 85°C)
Capacity
32GB
64GB
128GB
256GB
NO DEVSLP
APS25A77032G-3ATW
APS25A77064G-3ATW
APS25A77128G-3ATW
APS25A77256G-3ATW
DEVSLP
APS25A77032G-3BTW
APS25A77064G-3BTW
APS25A77128G-3BTW
APS25A77256G-3BTW
Note: Please consult with Apacer sales representatives for availabilities.
16
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
Revision History
Revision
Description
Date
1.0
Official release
01/15/2014
1.1
Added 32, 64 and 128 GB high speed models
07/10/2014
1.2
Revised Product Ordering Information
08/15/2014
1.3
Revised part numbers of 32 GB in high speed models
10/07/2014
1.4
Added 256 GB high speed models
09/01/2015
1.5
Added humidity specifications
12/14/2015
17
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
Serial ATA Flash Drive
APS25AXXxxxx-XTX
Global Presence
Taiwan (Headquarters)
Apacer Technology Inc.
1F., No.32, Zhongcheng Rd., Tucheng Dist.,
New Taipei City 236, Taiwan R.O.C.
Tel: 886-2-2267-8000
Fax: 886-2-2267-2261
amtsales@apacer.com
U.S.A.
Apacer Memory America, Inc.
46732 Lakeview Blvd., Fremont, CA 94538
Tel: 1-408-518-8699
Fax: 1-510-249-9568
sa@apacerus.com
Japan
Apacer Technology Corp.
5F, Matsura Bldg., Shiba, Minato-Ku
Tokyo, 105-0014, Japan
Tel: 81-3-5419-2668
Fax: 81-3-5419-0018
jpservices@apacer.com
Europe
Apacer Technology B.V.
Science Park Eindhoven 5051 5692 EB Son,
The Netherlands
Tel: 31-40-267-0000
Fax: 31-40-267-0000#6199
sales@apacer.nl
China
Apacer Electronic (Shanghai) Co., Ltd
Room D, 22/FL, No.2, Lane 600, JieyunPlaza,
Tianshan RD, Shanghai, 200051, China
Tel: 86-21-6228-9939
Fax: 86-21-6228-9936
sales@apacer.com.cn
India
Apacer Technologies Pvt Ltd,
th
Unit No.201, Brigade Corner 7 Block Jayanagar,
Yediyur Circle, Bangalore 560082, India
Tel: 91-80-4152-9061
Fax: 91-80-4170-0215
sales_india@apacer.com
18
©2015 Apacer Technology Inc.
Rev. 1.5
工商网监
湘ICP备2023018690号
